1
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Guo Q, Zhang J, Parikh K, Brinkley A, Lin S, Zakarian C, Pernet O, Shimizu S, Khamaikawin W, Hacke K, Kasahara N, An DS. In vivo selection of anti-HIV-1 gene-modified human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to enhance engraftment and HIV-1 inhibition. Mol Ther 2024; 32:384-394. [PMID: 38087779 PMCID: PMC10862071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC)-based anti-HIV-1 gene therapy holds great promise to eradicate HIV-1 or to provide long-term remission through a continuous supply of anti-HIV-1 gene-modified cells without ongoing antiretroviral therapy. However, achieving sufficient engraftment levels of anti-HIV gene-modified HSPC to provide therapeutic efficacy has been a major limitation. Here, we report an in vivo selection strategy for anti-HIV-1 gene-modified HSPC by introducing 6-thioguanine (6TG) chemoresistance through knocking down hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) expression using RNA interference (RNAi). We developed a lentiviral vector capable of co-expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against HPRT alongside two anti-HIV-1 genes: shRNA targeting HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5 and a membrane-anchored HIV-1 fusion inhibitor, C46, for efficient in vivo selection of anti-HIV-1 gene-modified human HSPC. 6TG-mediated preconditioning and in vivo selection significantly enhanced engraftment of HPRT-knockdown anti-HIV-1 gene-modified cells (>2-fold, p < 0.0001) in humanized bone marrow/liver/thymus (huBLT) mice. Viral load was significantly reduced (>1 log fold, p < 0.001) in 6TG-treated HIV-1-infected huBLT mice compared to 6TG-untreated mice. We demonstrated that 6TG-mediated preconditioning and in vivo selection considerably improved engraftment of HPRT-knockdown anti-HIV-1 gene-modified HSPC and repopulation of anti-HIV-1 gene-modified hematopoietic cells in huBLT mice, allowing for efficient HIV-1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Keval Parikh
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander Brinkley
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samantha Lin
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christina Zakarian
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Olivier Pernet
- Maternal, Child, and Adolescent Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Saki Shimizu
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wannisa Khamaikawin
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Katrin Hacke
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Noriyuki Kasahara
- UCSF, Neurological Surgery, Radiation Oncology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dong Sung An
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; UCLA School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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2
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Mu W, Patankar V, Kitchen S, Zhen A. Examining Chronic Inflammation, Immune Metabolism, and T Cell Dysfunction in HIV Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:219. [PMID: 38399994 PMCID: PMC10893210 DOI: 10.3390/v16020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a significant challenge to global public health. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), which has transformed HIV infection from a fatal disease into a manageable chronic condition, a definitive cure remains elusive. One of the key features of HIV infection is chronic immune activation and inflammation, which are strongly associated with, and predictive of, HIV disease progression, even in patients successfully treated with suppressive ART. Chronic inflammation is characterized by persistent inflammation, immune cell metabolic dysregulation, and cellular exhaustion and dysfunction. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of the interplay between chronic inflammation, immune metabolism, and T cell dysfunction in HIV infection, and also discusses the use of humanized mice models to study HIV immune pathogenesis and develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Mu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vaibhavi Patankar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott Kitchen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anjie Zhen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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3
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Baroncini L, Bredl S, Nicole KP, Speck RF. The Humanized Mouse Model: What Added Value Does It Offer for HIV Research? Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040608. [PMID: 37111494 PMCID: PMC10142098 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early 2000s, novel humanized mouse models based on the transplantation of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) into immunocompromised mice were introduced (hu mice). The human HSPCs gave rise to a lymphoid system of human origin. The HIV research community has greatly benefitted from these hu mice. Since human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection results in a high-titer disseminated HIV infection, hu mice have been of great value for all types of HIV research from pathogenesis to novel therapies. Since the first description of this new generation of hu mice, great efforts have been expended to improve humanization by creating other immunodeficient mouse models or supplementing mice with human transgenes to improve human engraftment. Many labs have their own customized hu mouse models, making comparisons quite difficult. Here, we discuss the different hu mouse models in the context of specific research questions in order to define which characteristics should be considered when determining which hu mouse model is appropriate for the question posed. We strongly believe that researchers must first define their research question and then determine whether a hu mouse model exists, allowing the research question to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Baroncini
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Bredl
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kadzioch P Nicole
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto F Speck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Jai J, Shirleen D, Hanbali C, Wijaya P, Anginan TB, Husada W, Pratama MY. Multiplexed shRNA-miRs as a candidate for anti HIV-1 therapy: strategies, challenges, and future potential. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:172. [PMID: 36576612 PMCID: PMC9797628 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The spread of HIV is on the rise and has become a global issue, especially for underdeveloped and developing countries. This is due to the fact that HIV majorly occurs asymptomatically and is implausible for early diagnosis. Recent advances in research and science have enabled the investigation of a new potential treatment involving gene-based therapy, known as RNA interference (RNAi) that will direct gene silencing and further compensate for natural variants and viral mutants. Several types of small regulatory RNA are discussed in this present study, including microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA).This paper examines the mechanism of RNAi as a viable HIV therapy, using a minimum of four shRNAs to target both dispensable host components (CCR5) and viral genes (Gag, Env, Tat, Pol I, Pol II and Vif). Moreover, a multiplexed mechanism of shRNAs and miRNA is known to be effective in preventing viral escape due to mutation as the miRNA develops a general polycistronic platform for the expression of a large amount of shRNA-miRs. Several administration methods as well as the advantages of this RNAi treatment are also discussed in this study. The administration methods include (1) ex vivo delivery with the help of viral vectors, nanoparticles, and electroporation, (2) nonspecific in vivo delivery using non-viral carriers including liposomes, dendrimers and aptamers, as well as (3) targeted delivery that uses antibodies, modified nanoparticles, nucleic acid aptamers, and tissue-specific serotypes of AAV. Moreover, the advantages of this treatment are related to the effectiveness in silencing the HIV gene, which is more compatible compared to other gene therapy treatments, such as ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Jai
- grid.504251.70000 0004 7706 8927Department of Biotechnology, Indonesia International Institute for Life-Sciences (i3L), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Deborah Shirleen
- grid.504251.70000 0004 7706 8927Department of Biotechnology, Indonesia International Institute for Life-Sciences (i3L), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Christian Hanbali
- grid.504251.70000 0004 7706 8927Department of Biomedicine, Indonesia International Institute for Life-Sciences (i3L), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Pamela Wijaya
- grid.504251.70000 0004 7706 8927Department of Biomedicine, Indonesia International Institute for Life-Sciences (i3L), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Theresia Brigita Anginan
- grid.504251.70000 0004 7706 8927Department of Biomedicine, Indonesia International Institute for Life-Sciences (i3L), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - William Husada
- grid.504251.70000 0004 7706 8927Department of Biotechnology, Indonesia International Institute for Life-Sciences (i3L), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yogi Pratama
- grid.504251.70000 0004 7706 8927Department of Biomedicine, Indonesia International Institute for Life-Sciences (i3L), Jakarta, Indonesia ,grid.240324.30000 0001 2109 4251Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, USA
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5
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Xun J, Zhang X, Guo S, Lu H, Chen J. Editing out HIV: application of gene editing technology to achieve functional cure. Retrovirology 2021; 18:39. [PMID: 34922576 PMCID: PMC8684261 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00581-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) successfully suppresses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and improves the quality of life of patients living with HIV. However, current HAART does not eradicate HIV infection because an HIV reservoir is established in latently infected cells and is not recognized by the immune system. The successful curative treatment of the Berlin and London patients following bone marrow transplantation inspired researchers to identify an approach for the functional cure of HIV. As a promising technology, gene editing-based strategies have attracted considerable attention and sparked much debate. Herein, we discuss the development of different gene editing strategies in the functional cure of HIV and highlight the potential for clinical applications prospects. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingna Xun
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Shuyan Guo
- Shanghai Foreign Language School, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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6
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Laudanski K. Humanized Mice as a Tool to Study Sepsis-More Than Meets the Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2403. [PMID: 33673691 PMCID: PMC7957591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background. Repetitive animal studies that have disappointed upon translation into clinical therapies have led to an increased appreciation of humanized mice as a remedy to the shortcomings of rodent-based models. However, their limitations have to be understood in depth. (2) Methods. This is a narrative, comprehensive review of humanized mice and sepsis literature to understand the model's benefits and shortcomings. (3) Results: Studies involving humanized models of sepsis include bacterial, viral, and protozoan etiology. Humanized mice provided several unique insights into the etiology and natural history of sepsis and are particularly useful in studying Ebola, and certain viral and protozoan infections. However, studies are relatively sparse and based on several different models of sepsis and humanized animals. (4) Conclusions. The utilization of humanized mice as a model for sepsis presents complex limitations that, once surpassed, hold some potential for the advancement of sepsis etiology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Department of Neurology, Leonard Davis Institute of Healthcare Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19194, USA
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7
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Garg K, Khan AR, Taneja P. Recent developments in CCR5 regulation for HIV cure. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 126:123-149. [PMID: 34090613 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has affected millions of people worldwide. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which infects T cells by using CD4 as its main receptor. Currently different treatments are available against HIV infection which can improve life expectancy of the patient but still it remains incurable. CCR5, which is also required as a co-receptor by majority of HIV strains for entry into the target cells, is now being targeted for gene therapy to develop HIV resistance in patients. In this review, we discuss different strategies that are being adapted for CCR5-gene disruption in CD4+ T cells and in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to generate a HIV-resistant immune system in infected individuals. If CCR5 gene that can shape HIV-resistant T cells, it will aim in new approaches in clinical trials. But these techniques have certain weaknesses and disadvantages, and will need to be paired with other strategies to form a full HIV remedy. There is also a need to establish methods to help deter HIV re-emergence following targeted CCR5 therapy. But ultimately, this brought us a better knowledge of the road to HIV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krati Garg
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amir Riyaz Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Taneja
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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8
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Marsden MD, Zhang TH, Du Y, Dimapasoc M, Soliman MS, Wu X, Kim JT, Shimizu A, Schrier A, Wender PA, Sun R, Zack JA. Tracking HIV Rebound following Latency Reversal Using Barcoded HIV. Cell Rep Med 2020; 1:100162. [PMID: 33377133 PMCID: PMC7762775 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HIV latency prevents cure of infection with antiretroviral therapy (ART) alone. One strategy for eliminating latently infected cells involves the induction of viral protein expression via latency-reversing agents (LRAs), allowing killing of host cells by viral cytopathic effects or immune effector mechanisms. Here, we combine a barcoded HIV approach and a humanized mouse model to study the effects of a designed, synthetic protein kinase C modulating LRA on HIV rebound. We show that administration of this compound during ART results in a delay in rebound once ART is stopped. Furthermore, the rebounding virus appears composed of a smaller number of unique barcoded viruses than occurs in control-treated animals, suggesting that some reservoir cells that would have contributed virus to the rebound process are eliminated by LRA administration. These data support the use of barcoded virus to study rebound and suggest that LRAs may be useful in HIV cure efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Marsden
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tian-hao Zhang
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yushen Du
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Melanie Dimapasoc
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mohamed S.A. Soliman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jocelyn T. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam Schrier
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul A. Wender
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ren Sun
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jerome A. Zack
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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9
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Stripecke R, Münz C, Schuringa JJ, Bissig K, Soper B, Meeham T, Yao L, Di Santo JP, Brehm M, Rodriguez E, Wege AK, Bonnet D, Guionaud S, Howard KE, Kitchen S, Klein F, Saeb‐Parsy K, Sam J, Sharma AD, Trumpp A, Trusolino L, Bult C, Shultz L. Innovations, challenges, and minimal information for standardization of humanized mice. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e8662. [PMID: 32578942 PMCID: PMC7338801 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice xenotransplanted with human cells and/or expressing human gene products (also known as "humanized mice") recapitulate the human evolutionary specialization and diversity of genotypic and phenotypic traits. These models can provide a relevant in vivo context for understanding of human-specific physiology and pathologies. Humanized mice have advanced toward mainstream preclinical models and are now at the forefront of biomedical research. Here, we considered innovations and challenges regarding the reconstitution of human immunity and human tissues, modeling of human infections and cancer, and the use of humanized mice for testing drugs or regenerative therapy products. As the number of publications exploring different facets of humanized mouse models has steadily increased in past years, it is becoming evident that standardized reporting is needed in the field. Therefore, an international community-driven resource called "Minimal Information for Standardization of Humanized Mice" (MISHUM) has been created for the purpose of enhancing rigor and reproducibility of studies in the field. Within MISHUM, we propose comprehensive guidelines for reporting critical information generated using humanized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Stripecke
- Regenerative Immune Therapies AppliedHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)Hannover RegionGermany
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral ImmunobiologyInstitute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jan Jacob Schuringa
- Department of HematologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Brehm
- University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | | | - Anja Kathrin Wege
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsUniversity Cancer Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | | | | | | | - Scott Kitchen
- University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | | | | | - Amar Deep Sharma
- Regenerative Immune Therapies AppliedHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI‐STEM gGmbH)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Department of OncologyUniversity of Torino Medical SchoolTurinItaly
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO IRCCSCandioloItaly
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10
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Suryawanshi GW, Khamaikawin W, Wen J, Shimizu S, Arokium H, Xie Y, Wang E, Kim S, Choi H, Zhang C, Yu H, Presson AP, Kim N, An DS, Chen ISY, Kim S. The clonal repopulation of HSPC gene modified with anti-HIV-1 RNAi is not affected by preexisting HIV-1 infection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay9206. [PMID: 32766447 PMCID: PMC7385479 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay9206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) transplant for HIV-1-infected patients, the impact of a preexisting HIV-1 infection on the engraftment and clonal repopulation of HSPCs remains poorly understood. We have developed a long terminal repeat indexing-mediated integration site sequencing (LTRi-Seq) method that provides a multiplexed clonal quantitation of both anti-HIV-1 RNAi (RNA interference) gene-modified and control vector-modified cell populations, together with HIV-1-infected cells-all within the same animal. In our HIV-1-preinfected humanized mice, both therapeutic and control HSPCs repopulated efficiently without abnormalities. Although the HIV-1-mediated selection of anti-HIV-1 RNAi-modified clones was evident in HIV-1-infected mice, the organ-to-organ and intra-organ clonal distributions in infected mice were indistinguishable from those in uninfected mice. HIV-1-infected cells showed clonal patterns distinct from those of HSPCs. Our data demonstrate that, despite the substantial impact of HIV-1 infection on CD4+ T cells, HSPC repopulation remains polyclonal, thus supporting the use of HSPC transplant for anti-HIV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra W. Suryawanshi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wannisa Khamaikawin
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Saki Shimizu
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hubert Arokium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yiming Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eugene Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shihyoung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hyewon Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chong Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Hannah Yu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Angela P. Presson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Namshin Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sung An
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Irvin S. Y. Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sanggu Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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11
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Pache L, Marsden MD, Teriete P, Portillo AJ, Heimann D, Kim JT, Soliman MS, Dimapasoc M, Carmona C, Celeridad M, Spivak AM, Planelles V, Cosford ND, Zack JA, Chanda SK. Pharmacological Activation of Non-canonical NF-κB Signaling Activates Latent HIV-1 Reservoirs In Vivo. Cell Rep Med 2020; 1:100037. [PMID: 33205060 PMCID: PMC7659604 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
"Shock and kill" strategies focus on purging the latent HIV-1 reservoir by treating infected individuals with therapeutics that activate the latent virus and subsequently eliminating infected cells. We have previously reported that induction of non-canonical nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling through a class of small-molecule antagonists known as Smac mimetics can reverse HIV-1 latency. Here, we describe the development of Ciapavir (SBI-0953294), a molecule specifically optimized for HIV-1 latency reversal that was found to be more efficacious as a latency-reversing agent than other Smac mimetics under clinical development for cancer. Critically, this molecule induced activation of HIV-1 reservoirs in vivo in a bone marrow, liver, thymus (BLT) humanized mouse model without mediating systemic T cell activation. This study provides proof of concept for the in vivo efficacy and safety of Ciapavir and indicates that Smac mimetics can constitute a critical component of a safe and efficacious treatment strategy to eliminate the latent HIV-1 reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Pache
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matthew D. Marsden
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter Teriete
- Cell Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alex J. Portillo
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dominik Heimann
- Cell Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jocelyn T. Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mohamed S.A. Soliman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Melanie Dimapasoc
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Camille Carmona
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maria Celeridad
- Cell Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adam M. Spivak
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Vicente Planelles
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nicholas D.P. Cosford
- Cell Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jerome A. Zack
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sumit K. Chanda
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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12
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Carrillo MA, Zhen A, Kitchen SG. The Use of the Humanized Mouse Model in Gene Therapy and Immunotherapy for HIV and Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:746. [PMID: 29755454 PMCID: PMC5932400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV and cancer remain prevailing sources of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are current efforts to discover novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment or cure of these diseases. Humanized mouse models provide the investigative tool to study the interaction between HIV or cancer and the human immune system in vivo. These humanized models consist of immunodeficient mice transplanted with human cells, tissues, or hematopoietic stem cells that result in reconstitution with a nearly full human immune system. In this review, we discuss preclinical studies evaluating therapeutic approaches in stem cell-based gene therapy and T cell-based immunotherapies for HIV and cancer using a humanized mouse model and some recent advances in using checkpoint inhibitors to improve antiviral or antitumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra A Carrillo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anjie Zhen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Scott G Kitchen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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13
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Khamaikawin W, Shimizu S, Kamata M, Cortado R, Jung Y, Lam J, Wen J, Kim P, Xie Y, Kim S, Arokium H, Presson AP, Chen ISY, An DS. Modeling Anti-HIV-1 HSPC-Based Gene Therapy in Humanized Mice Previously Infected with HIV-1. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 9:23-32. [PMID: 29322065 PMCID: PMC5751878 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of anti-HIV-1 human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC)-based gene therapy have been performed by HIV-1 challenge after the engraftment of gene-modified HSPCs in humanized mouse models. However, the clinical application of gene therapy is to treat HIV-1-infected patients. Here, we developed a new method to investigate an anti-HIV-1 HSPC-based gene therapy in humanized mice previously infected with HIV-1. First, humanized mice were infected with HIV-1. When plasma viremia reached >107 copies/mL 3 weeks after HIV-1 infection, the mice were myeloablated with busulfan and transplanted with anti-HIV-1 gene-modified CD34+ HSPCs transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing two short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against CCR5 and HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR), along with human thymus tissue under the kidney capsule. Anti-HIV-1 vector-modified human CD34+ HSPCs successfully repopulated peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues in HIV-1 previously infected humanized mice. Anti-HIV-1 shRNA vector-modified CD4+ T lymphocytes showed selective advantage in HIV-1 previously infected humanized mice. This new method will be useful for investigations of anti-HIV-1 gene therapy when testing in a more clinically relevant experimental setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannisa Khamaikawin
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Saki Shimizu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Masakazu Kamata
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ruth Cortado
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yujin Jung
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer Lam
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Patrick Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yiming Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sanggu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hubert Arokium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Angela P Presson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Irvin S Y Chen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dong Sung An
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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14
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Hua CK, Ackerman ME. Increasing the Clinical Potential and Applications of Anti-HIV Antibodies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1655. [PMID: 29234320 PMCID: PMC5712301 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and early human clinical studies of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to prevent and treat HIV infection support the clinical utility and potential of bNAbs for prevention, postexposure prophylaxis, and treatment of acute and chronic infection. Observed and potential limitations of bNAbs from these recent studies include the selection of resistant viral populations, immunogenicity resulting in the development of antidrug (Ab) responses, and the potentially toxic elimination of reservoir cells in regeneration-limited tissues. Here, we review opportunities to improve the clinical utility of HIV Abs to address these challenges and further accomplish functional targets for anti-HIV Ab therapy at various stages of exposure/infection. Before exposure, bNAbs' ability to serve as prophylaxis by neutralization may be improved by increasing serum half-life to necessitate less frequent administration, delivering genes for durable in vivo expression, and targeting bNAbs to sites of exposure. After exposure and/or in the setting of acute infection, bNAb use to prevent/reduce viral reservoir establishment and spread may be enhanced by increasing the potency with which autologous adaptive immune responses are stimulated, clearing acutely infected cells, and preventing cell-cell transmission of virus. In the setting of chronic infection, bNAbs may better mediate viral remission or "cure" in combination with antiretroviral therapy and/or latency reversing agents, by targeting additional markers of tissue reservoirs or infected cell types, or by serving as targeting moieties in engineered cell therapy. While the clinical use of HIV Abs has never been closer, remaining studies to precisely define, model, and understand the complex roles and dynamics of HIV Abs and viral evolution in the context of the human immune system and anatomical compartmentalization will be critical to both optimize their clinical use in combination with existing agents and define further strategies with which to enhance their clinical safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey K. Hua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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15
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New approaches for the enhancement of chimeric antigen receptors for the treatment of HIV. Transl Res 2017; 187:83-92. [PMID: 28755872 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HIV infection continues to be a life-long chronic disease in spite of the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in controlling viral replication and preventing disease progression. However, because of the high cost of treatment, severe side effects, and inefficiency in curing the disease with ART, there is a call for alternative therapies that will provide a functional cure for HIV. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are vital in the control and clearance of viral infections and therefore immune-based therapies have attempted to engineer HIV-specific CTLs that would be able to clear the infection from the body. The development of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) provides an opportunity to engineer superior HIV-specific CTLs that will be independent of the major histocompatibility complex for target recognition. A CD4-based CAR has been previously tested in clinical trials to test the antiviral efficacy of peripheral T cells armed with this CD4-based CAR. The results from these clinical trials showed the safety and feasibility of CAR T cell therapy for HIV infection; however, minimal antiviral efficacy was seen. In this review, we will discuss the various strategies being developed to enhance the therapeutic potency of anti-HIV CARs with the goal of generating superior antiviral responses that will lead to life-long HIV immunity and clearance of the virus from the body.
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16
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Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Anti-HIV scFv Efficiently Protects CD4 T Cells from HIV-1 Infection and Deletion in hu-PBL Mice. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01389-16. [PMID: 27881659 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01389-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite success in viral inhibition and CD4 T cell recovery by highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), HIV-1 is still not curable due to the persistence of the HIV-1 reservoir during treatment. One patient with acute myeloid leukemia who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a homozygous CCR5 Δ32 donor has had no detectable viremia for 9 years after HAART cessation. This case has inspired a field of HIV-1 cure research focusing on engineering HIV-1 resistance in permissive cells. Here, we employed a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-scFv X5 approach to confer resistance of human primary CD4 T cells to HIV-1. We showed that primary CD4 T cells expressing GPI-scFv X5 were resistant to CCR5 (R5)-, CXCR4 (X4)-, and dual-tropic HIV-1 and had a survival advantage compared to control cells ex vivo In a hu-PBL mouse study, GPI-scFv X5-transduced CD4 T cells were selected in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues upon HIV-1 infection. Finally, GPI-scFv X5-transduced CD4 T cells, after being cotransfused with HIV-infected cells, showed significantly reduced viral loads and viral RNA copy numbers relative to CD4 cells in hu-PBL mice compared to mice with GPI-scFv AB65-transduced CD4 T cells. We conclude that GPI-scFv X5-modified CD4 T cells could potentially be used as a genetic intervention against both R5- and X4-tropic HIV-1 infections. IMPORTANCE Blocking of HIV-1 entry is one of most promising approaches for therapy. Genetic disruption of the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5 by nucleases in T cells is under 2 clinical trials and leads to reduced viremia in patients. However, the emergence of viruses using the CXCR4 coreceptor is a concern for therapies applying single-coreceptor disruption. Here, we report that HIV-1-permissive CD4 T cells engineered with GPI-scFv X5 are resistant to R5-, X4-, or dual-tropic virus infection ex vivo In a preclinical study using hu-PBL mice, we show that CD4 T cells were protected and that GPI-scFv X5-transduced cells were selected in HIV-1-infected animals. Moreover, we show that GPI-scFv X5-transduced CD4 T cells exerted a negative effect on virus replication in vivo We conclude that GPI-scFv X5-modified CD4 T cells could potentially be used as a genetic intervention against both R5- and X4-tropic HIV-1 infections.
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17
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Pernet O, Yadav SS, An DS. Stem cell-based therapies for HIV/AIDS. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 103:187-201. [PMID: 27151309 PMCID: PMC4935568 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the current focuses in HIV/AIDS research is to develop a novel therapeutic strategy that can provide a life-long remission of HIV/AIDS without daily drug treatment and, ultimately, a cure for HIV/AIDS. Hematopoietic stem cell-based anti-HIV gene therapy aims to reconstitute the patient immune system by transplantation of genetically engineered hematopoietic stem cells with anti-HIV genes. Hematopoietic stem cells can self-renew, proliferate and differentiate into mature immune cells. In theory, anti-HIV gene-modified hematopoietic stem cells can continuously provide HIV-resistant immune cells throughout the life of a patient. Therefore, hematopoietic stem cell-based anti-HIV gene therapy has a great potential to provide a life-long remission of HIV/AIDS by a single treatment. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress of developing anti-HIV genes, genetic modification of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells, engraftment and reconstitution of anti-HIV gene-modified immune cells, HIV inhibition in in vitro and in vivo animal models, and in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Pernet
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, 188 BSRB, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, 188 BSRB, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Swati Seth Yadav
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, 188 BSRB, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, 188 BSRB, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Dong Sung An
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, 188 BSRB, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, 188 BSRB, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Hematology-Oncology, The Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 188 BSRB, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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18
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Denton PW, Søgaard OS, Tolstrup M. Using animal models to overcome temporal, spatial and combinatorial challenges in HIV persistence research. J Transl Med 2016; 14:44. [PMID: 26861779 PMCID: PMC4746773 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Research challenges associated with understanding HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy can be categorized as temporal, spatial and combinatorial. Temporal research challenges relate to the timing of events during establishment and maintenance of HIV persistence. Spatial research challenges regard the anatomical locations and cell subsets that harbor persistent HIV. Combinatorial research challenges pertain to the order of administration, timing of administration and specific combinations of compounds to be administered during HIV eradication therapy. Overcoming these challenges will improve our understanding of HIV persistence and move the field closer to achieving eradication of persistent HIV. Given that humanized mice and non-human primate HIV models permit rigorous control of experimental conditions, these models have been used extensively as in vivo research platforms for directly addressing these research challenges. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive review of these recent translational advances made in animal models of HIV persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Denton
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Aarhus Institute for Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Ole S Søgaard
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Martin Tolstrup
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark.
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19
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Abstract
HIV persistence in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy is a major impediment to the cure of HIV/AIDS. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying HIV persistence in vivo have not been fully elucidated. This lack of basic knowledge has hindered progress in this area. The in vivo analysis of HIV persistence and the implementation of curative strategies would benefit from animal models that accurately recapitulate key aspects of the human condition. This Review summarizes the contribution that humanized mouse models of HIV infection have made to the field of HIV cure research. Even though these models have been shown to be highly informative in many specific areas, their great potential to serve as excellent platforms for discovery in HIV pathogenesis and treatment has yet to be fully developed.
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20
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Policicchio BB, Pandrea I, Apetrei C. Animal Models for HIV Cure Research. Front Immunol 2016; 7:12. [PMID: 26858716 PMCID: PMC4729870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1/AIDS pandemic continues to spread unabated worldwide, and no vaccine exists within our grasp. Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been developed, but ART cannot clear the virus from the infected patient. A cure for HIV-1 is badly needed to stop both the spread of the virus in human populations and disease progression in infected individuals. A safe and effective cure strategy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection will require multiple tools, and appropriate animal models are tools that are central to cure research. An ideal animal model should recapitulate the essential aspects of HIV pathogenesis and associated immune responses, while permitting invasive studies, thus allowing a thorough evaluation of strategies aimed at reducing the size of the reservoir (functional cure) or eliminating the reservoir altogether (sterilizing cure). Since there is no perfect animal model for cure research, multiple models have been tailored and tested to address specific quintessential questions of virus persistence and eradication. The development of new non-human primate and mouse models, along with a certain interest in the feline model, has the potential to fuel cure research. In this review, we highlight the major animal models currently utilized for cure research and the contributions of each model to this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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21
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Abstract
The apparent cure of an HIV-infected person following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from an allogeneic donor homozygous for the ccr5Δ32 mutation has stimulated the search for strategies to eradicate HIV or to induce long-term remission without requiring ongoing antiretroviral therapy. A variety of approaches, including allogeneic HSCT from CCR5-deficient donors and autologous transplantation of genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells, are currently under investigation. This Review covers the experience with HSCT in HIV infection to date and provides a survey of ongoing work in the field. The challenges of developing HSCT for HIV cure in the context of safe, effective, and convenient once-daily antiretroviral therapy are also discussed.
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22
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Gene transfer of two entry inhibitors protects CD4+ T cell from HIV-1 infection in humanized mice. Gene Ther 2015; 23:144-50. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Ahlenstiel CL, Suzuki K, Marks K, Symonds GP, Kelleher AD. Controlling HIV-1: Non-Coding RNA Gene Therapy Approaches to a Functional Cure. Front Immunol 2015; 6:474. [PMID: 26441979 PMCID: PMC4584958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The current treatment strategy for HIV-1 involves prolonged and intensive combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), which successfully suppresses plasma viremia. It has transformed HIV-1 infection into a chronic disease. However, despite the success of cART, a latent form of HIV-1 infection persists as integrated provirus in resting memory CD4(+) T cells. Virus can reactivate from this reservoir upon cessation of treatment, and hence HIV requires lifelong therapy. The reservoir represents a major barrier to eradication. Understanding molecular mechanisms regulating HIV-1 transcription and latency are crucial to develop alternate treatment strategies, which impact upon the reservoir and provide a path toward a "functional cure" in which there is no detectable viremia in the absence of cART. Numerous reports have suggested ncRNAs are involved in regulating viral transcription and latency. This review will discuss the latest developments in ncRNAs, specifically short interfering (si)RNA and short hairpin (sh)RNA, targeting molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 transcription, which may represent potential future therapeutics. It will also briefly address animal models for testing potential therapeutics and current gene therapy clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuo Suzuki
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Immunovirology Laboratory, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Marks
- Immunovirology Laboratory, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Anthony D. Kelleher
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Immunovirology Laboratory, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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