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Kumar P, Verma A, Ashique S, Bhowmick M, Mohanto S, Singh A, Gupta M, Gupta A, Haider T. Unlocking the role of herbal cosmeceutical in anti-ageing and skin ageing associated diseases. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2024; 43:211-226. [PMID: 39024063 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2380326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The process of skin ageing is a natural biological phenomenon characterised by the emergence of wrinkles, age spots, sagging skin, and dryness over time. The increasing significance of skin in physical attractiveness has heightened skincare concerns. Anti-ageing cosmetics play a pivotal role in nurturing the skin, enhancing its quality, and promoting overall health. Today, cosmetics have evolved beyond mere aesthetics and are now integral to individual wellness. The contemporary quest for perpetual youth has intensified, prompting a deeper exploration into the skin ageing process. This comprehensive exploration delves into various elements involved in skin ageing, encompassing cells such as stem and endothelial cells, blood vessels, soft tissues, and signalling pathways. The molecular basis of skin ageing, including biochemical factors like reactive oxygen species, damaged DNA, free radicals, ions, and proteins (mRNA), is scrutinised alongside relevant animal models. The article critically analyzes the outcomes of utilising herbal components, emphasising their advantageous anti-ageing properties. The factors contributing to skin ageing, mechanistic perspectives, management approaches involving herbal cosmeceutical, and associated complications (especially cardiovascular diseases, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, etc.) are succinctly addressed. In addition, the manuscript further summarises the recent patented innovations and toxicity of the herbal cosmeceuticals for anti-ageing and ageing associated disorders. Despite progress, further research is imperative to unlock the full potential of herbal components as anti-ageing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- SRM University Delhi-NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, UPttarpradesh, India
| | - Anurag Verma
- Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, UPttarpradesh, India
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Mithun Bhowmick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anita Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tanweer Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, India
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2
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Kawamoto S, Hara E. Crosstalk between gut microbiota and cellular senescence: a vicious cycle leading to aging gut. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:626-635. [PMID: 38220548 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Two phenomena, the accumulation of senescent cells and changes in the gut microbiota, are thought to contribute to the decline of biological functions and the development of diseases associated with aging. However, the relationship between these two phenomena and their effects on aging remains to be clarified. Recently, we have reported that gut bacteria induce cellular senescence in ileal germinal center (GC) B cells, resulting in decreased IgA production and diversity. This, in turn, leads to an imbalance in the gut microbiota. Thus, the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and cellular senescence via the host immune system may establish a vicious cycle and contribute to the disruption of gut homeostasis associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Eiji Hara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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3
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Khan T, Hussain AI, Casilli TP, Frayser L, Cho M, Williams G, McFall D, Forcelli PA. Prophylactic senolytic treatment in aged mice reduces seizure severity and improves survival from Status Epilepticus. Aging Cell 2024:e14239. [PMID: 39031751 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased vulnerability to seizures in aging has been well documented both clinically and in various models of aging in epilepsy. Seizures can exacerbate cognitive decline that is already prominent in aging. Senescent cells are thought to contribute to cognitive impairment in aging and clearing senescent cells with senolytic drugs improves cognitive function in animal models. It remains unclear whether senescent cells render the aged brain vulnerable to seizures. Here, we demonstrate that prophylactic senolytic treatment with Dasatinib and Quercetin (D&Q) reduced both seizure severity and mortality in aged C57BL/6J mice. We subjected the D&Q and VEH-treated aged mice to spatial memory testing before and after an acute seizure insult, Status Epilepticus [SE], which leads to epilepsy development. We found that senolytic therapy improved spatial memory before injury, however, spatial memory was not rescued after SE. Senescence-related proteins p16 and senescence-associated β-galactosidase were reduced in D&Q-treated aged mice. Our findings indicate that senescent cells increase seizure susceptibility in aging. Thus, prophylactically targeting senescent cells may prevent age-related seizure vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahiyana Khan
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Abbas I Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Timothy P Casilli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Logan Frayser
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Michelle Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Gabrielle Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - David McFall
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Patrick A Forcelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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4
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Rezazadeh S, Ellison-Hughes GM. Editorial: Stem cell exhaustion in aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1433702. [PMID: 38881824 PMCID: PMC11177088 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1433702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarallah Rezazadeh
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Georgina May Ellison-Hughes
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom
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5
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Xu L, Ramirez-Matias J, Hauptschein M, Sun ED, Lunger JC, Buckley MT, Brunet A. Restoration of neuronal progenitors by partial reprogramming in the aged neurogenic niche. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:546-567. [PMID: 38553564 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Partial reprogramming (pulsed expression of reprogramming transcription factors) improves the function of several tissues in old mice. However, it remains largely unknown how partial reprogramming impacts the old brain. Here we use single-cell transcriptomics to systematically examine how partial reprogramming influences the subventricular zone neurogenic niche in aged mouse brains. Whole-body partial reprogramming mainly improves neuroblasts (cells committed to give rise to new neurons) in the old neurogenic niche, restoring neuroblast proportion to more youthful levels. Interestingly, targeting partial reprogramming specifically to the neurogenic niche also boosts the proportion of neuroblasts and their precursors (neural stem cells) in old mice and improves several molecular signatures of aging, suggesting that the beneficial effects of reprogramming are niche intrinsic. In old neural stem cell cultures, partial reprogramming cell autonomously restores the proportion of neuroblasts during differentiation and blunts some age-related transcriptomic changes. Importantly, partial reprogramming improves the production of new neurons in vitro and in old brains. Our work suggests that partial reprogramming could be used to rejuvenate the neurogenic niche and counter brain decline in old individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Xu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Max Hauptschein
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric D Sun
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Judith C Lunger
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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6
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Sun R, Feng J, Wang J. Underlying Mechanisms and Treatment of Cellular Senescence-Induced Biological Barrier Interruption and Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2024; 15:612-639. [PMID: 37450933 PMCID: PMC10917536 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Given its increasing prevalence, aging is of great concern to researchers worldwide. Cellular senescence is a physiological or pathological cellular state caused by aging and a prominent risk factor for the interruption of the integrity and functionality of human biological barriers. Health barriers play an important role in maintaining microenvironmental homeostasis within the body. The senescence of barrier cells leads to barrier dysfunction and age-related diseases. Cellular senescence has been reported to be a key target for the prevention of age-related barrier diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and preeclampsia. Drugs such as metformin, dasatinib, quercetin, BCL-2 inhibitors, and rapamycin have been shown to intervene in cellular senescence and age-related diseases. In this review, we conclude that cellular senescence is involved in age-related biological barrier impairment. We further outline the cellular pathways and mechanisms underlying barrier impairment caused by cellular senescence and describe age-related barrier diseases associated with senescent cells. Finally, we summarize the currently used anti-senescence pharmacological interventions and discuss their therapeutic potential for preventing age-related barrier diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruize Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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7
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Dai W, Liu Z, Yan M, Nian X, Hong F, Zhou Z, Wang C, Fu X, Li X, Jiang M, Zhu Y, Huang Q, Lu X, Hou L, Yan N, Wang Q, Hu J, Mo W, Zhang X, Zhang L. Nucleoporin Seh1 controls murine neocortical development via transcriptional repression of p21 in neural stem cells. Dev Cell 2024; 59:482-495.e6. [PMID: 38272027 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Mutations or dysregulation of nucleoporins (Nups) are strongly associated with neural developmental diseases, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that depletion of Nup Seh1 in radial glial progenitors results in defective neural progenitor proliferation and differentiation that ultimately manifests in impaired neurogenesis and microcephaly. This loss of stem cell proliferation is not associated with defects in the nucleocytoplasmic transport. Rather, transcriptome analysis showed that ablation of Seh1 in neural stem cells derepresses the expression of p21, and knockdown of p21 partially restored self-renewal capacity. Mechanistically, Seh1 cooperates with the NuRD transcription repressor complex at the nuclear periphery to regulate p21 expression. Together, these findings identified that Nups regulate brain development by exerting a chromatin-associated role and affecting neural stem cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, the First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, the First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai 519031, China
| | - Minbiao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, the First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ximing Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, the First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Fan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, the First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, the First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Chaomeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, the First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, the First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, the First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Mengyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, the First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yanqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, the First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Qiuying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, the First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, the First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Lichao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, the First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Mo
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, the First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
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8
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Li M, Guo H, Carey M, Huang C. Transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulation impairs generation of proliferative neural stem and progenitor cells during brain aging. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:62-79. [PMID: 38177329 PMCID: PMC10947366 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The decline in stem cell function during aging may affect the regenerative capacity of mammalian organisms; however, the gene regulatory mechanism underlying this decline remains unclear. Here we show that the aging of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) in the male mouse brain is characterized by a decrease in the generation efficacy of proliferative NSPCs rather than the changes in lineage specificity of NSPCs. We reveal that the downregulation of age-dependent genes in NSPCs drives cell aging by decreasing the population of actively proliferating NSPCs while increasing the expression of quiescence markers. We found that epigenetic deregulation of the MLL complex at promoters leads to transcriptional inactivation of age-dependent genes, highlighting the importance of the dynamic interaction between histone modifiers and gene regulatory elements in regulating transcriptional program of aging cells. Our study sheds light on the key intrinsic mechanisms driving stem cell aging through epigenetic regulators and identifies potential rejuvenation targets that could restore the function of aging stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyang Li
- Center for Neurobiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hongzhi Guo
- Center for Neurobiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Michael Carey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Chengyang Huang
- Center for Neurobiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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9
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Marcozzi S, Bigossi G, Giuliani ME, Giacconi R, Piacenza F, Cardelli M, Brunetti D, Segala A, Valerio A, Nisoli E, Lattanzio F, Provinciali M, Malavolta M. Cellular senescence and frailty: a comprehensive insight into the causal links. GeroScience 2023; 45:3267-3305. [PMID: 37792158 PMCID: PMC10643740 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00960-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells may have a prominent role in driving inflammation and frailty. The impact of cellular senescence on frailty varies depending on the assessment tool used, as it is influenced by the criteria or items predominantly affected by senescent cells and the varying weights assigned to these items across different health domains. To address this challenge, we undertook a thorough review of all available studies involving gain- or loss-of-function experiments as well as interventions targeting senescent cells, focusing our attention on those studies that examined outcomes based on the individual frailty phenotype criteria or specific items used to calculate two humans (35 and 70 items) and one mouse (31 items) frailty indexes. Based on the calculation of a simple "evidence score," we found that the burden of senescent cells related to musculoskeletal and cerebral health has the strongest causal link to frailty. We deem that insight into these mechanisms may not only contribute to clarifying the role of cellular senescence in frailty but could additionally provide multiple therapeutic opportunities to help the future development of a desirable personalized therapy in these extremely heterogeneous patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Marcozzi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS INRCA, 60124, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bigossi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Giuliani
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cardelli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Dario Brunetti
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20126, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese Segala
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research On Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy.
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Sun S, Meng Y, Li M, Tang X, Hu W, Wu W, Li G, Pang Q, Wang W, Liu B. CD133 + endothelial-like stem cells restore neovascularization and promote longevity in progeroid and naturally aged mice. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1401-1414. [PMID: 37946040 PMCID: PMC10645602 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The stem cell theory of aging dictates that a decline in the number and/or function of stem cells causes tissue degeneration and aging; however, it still lacks unequivocal experimental support. Here, using lineage tracing and single-cell transcriptomics, we identify a population of CD133+ bone marrow-derived endothelial-like cells (ELCs) as potential endothelial progenitor cells, which contribute to tubular structures in vitro and neovascularization in vivo. We demonstrate that supplementation with wild-type and young ELCs respectively restores neovascularization and extends lifespan in progeric and naturally aged mice. Mechanistically, we identify an upregulation of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) in aged CD133+ ELCs-a key enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthesis. Overexpression of FDPS compromises the neovascularization capacity of CD133+ ELCs, whereas FDPS inhibition by pamidronate enhances neovascularization, improves health measures and extends lifespan in aged mice. These findings highlight stem cell-based strategies for the treatment of progeria and age-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention; International Cancer Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Mingying Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention; International Cancer Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention; International Cancer Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Wengong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention; International Cancer Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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11
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Micheli L, D'Andrea G, Creanza TM, Volpe D, Ancona N, Scardigli R, Tirone F. Transcriptome analysis reveals genes associated with stem cell activation by physical exercise in the dentate gyrus of aged p16Ink4a knockout mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1270892. [PMID: 37928906 PMCID: PMC10621069 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1270892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout adulthood neural stem cells divide in neurogenic niches-the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone-producing progenitor cells and new neurons. Stem cells self-renew, thus preserving their pool. Furthermore, the number of stem/progenitor cells in the neurogenic niches decreases with age. We have previously demonstrated that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16Ink4a maintains, in aged mice, the pool of dentate gyrus stem cells by preventing their activation after a neurogenic stimulus such as exercise (running). We showed that, although p16Ink4a ablation by itself does not activate stem/progenitor cells, exercise strongly induced stem cell proliferation in p16Ink4a knockout dentate gyrus, but not in wild-type. As p16Ink4a regulates stem cell self-renewal during aging, we sought to profile the dentate gyrus transcriptome from p16Ink4a wild-type and knockout aged mice, either sedentary or running for 12 days. By pairwise comparisons of differentially expressed genes and by correlative analyses through the DESeq2 software, we identified genes regulated by p16Ink4a deletion, either without stimulus (running) added, or following running. The p16Ink4a knockout basic gene signature, i.e., in sedentary mice, involves upregulation of apoptotic, neuroinflammation- and synaptic activity-associated genes, suggesting a reactive cellular state. Conversely, another set of 106 genes we identified, whose differential expression specifically reflects the pattern of proliferative response of p16 knockout stem cells to running, are involved in processes that regulate stem cell activation, such as synaptic function, neurotransmitter metabolism, stem cell proliferation control, and reactive oxygen species level regulation. Moreover, we analyzed the regulation of these stem cell-specific genes after a second running stimulus. Surprisingly, the second running neither activated stem cell proliferation in the p16Ink4a knockout dentate gyrus nor changed the expression of these genes, confirming that they are correlated to the stem cell reactivity to stimulus, a process where they may play a role regulating stem cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio D'Andrea
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Maria Creanza
- CNR-Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniel Volpe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Ancona
- CNR-Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Scardigli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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12
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Ferroni NM, Chertoff MJ, Alberca CD, Berardino BG, Gianatiempo O, Brahamian M, Levi V, Urrutia L, Falasco G, Cánepa ET, Sonzogni SV. Oxidative stress associated with spatial memory impairment and social olfactory deterioration in female mice reveals premature aging aroused by perinatal protein malnutrition. Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114481. [PMID: 37463612 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Early-life adversity, like perinatal protein malnutrition, increases the vulnerability to develop long-term alterations in brain structures and function. This study aimed to determine whether perinatal protein malnutrition predisposes to premature aging in a murine model and to assess the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. To this end, mouse dams were fed either with a normal (NP, casein 20%) or a low-protein diet (LP, casein 8%) during gestation and lactation. Female offspring were evaluated at 2, 7 and 12 months of age. Positron emission tomography analysis showed alterations in the hippocampal CA3 region and the accessory olfactory bulb of LP mice during aging. Protein malnutrition impaired spatial memory, coinciding with higher levels of reactive oxygen species in the hippocampus and sirt7 upregulation. Protein malnutrition also led to higher senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and p21 expression. LP-12-month-old mice showed a higher number of newborn neurons that did not complete the maturation process. The social-odor discrimination in LP mice was impaired along life. In the olfactory bulb of LP mice, the senescence marker p21 was upregulated, coinciding with a downregulation of Sirt2 and Sirt7. Also, LP-12-month-old mice showed a downregulation of catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and LP-2-month-old mice showed a higher number of newborn neurons in the subventricular zone, which then returned to normal values. Our results show that perinatal protein malnutrition causes long-term impairment in cognitive and olfactory skills through an accelerated senescence phenotype accompanied by an increase in oxidative stress and altered sirtuin expression in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadina M Ferroni
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela J Chertoff
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina D Alberca
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno G Berardino
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Octavio Gianatiempo
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Brahamian
- Bioterio central, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Levi
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Urrutia
- Centro de Imágenes Moleculares, Fleni, Belén de Escobar, B1625 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán Falasco
- Centro de Imágenes Moleculares, Fleni, Belén de Escobar, B1625 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo T Cánepa
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina V Sonzogni
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, C1428EGA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Tilman G, Dupré E, Watteyne L, Baert CA, Nolf D, Benhaddi F, Lambert F, Daumerie A, Bouzin C, Lucas S, Limaye N. p16 Ink4a, a marker of cellular senescence, is associated with renal disease in the B6. NZMSle1/Sle2/Sle3 mouse model of lupus. Lupus Sci Med 2023; 10:e001010. [PMID: 37899089 PMCID: PMC10619045 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2023-001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite treatment, one-third of patients with lupus nephritis (LN) show a decline in renal function. Prognostic markers of poor outcome as well as novel therapeutic targets are therefore highly sought. We showed that p16INK4a, a marker of cellular senescence, is observed in baseline kidney biopsies from patients with LN, and is associated with renal disease. Here, we set out to assess for whether these findings are recapitulated in the B6.NZMSle1/Sle2/Sle3 (B6.Sle1.2.3) mouse model of spontaneous lupus. METHODS We evaluated the occurrence and time of onset of p16Ink4a staining by immunohistochemistry on kidney sections, and tested for its association with multiple renal and systemic disease parameters, fibrosis and CD8+ T cell infiltration, in two cohorts of B6.Sle1.2.3 mice. RESULTS The presence of p16Ink4a-positive cells in kidney was significantly associated with increased urine albumin/creatinine ratio, histopathological scores, CD8+ T cell infiltration and fibrosis, in both B6.Sle1.2.3 cohorts. In contrast, p16Ink4a staining was not associated with systemic disease parameters. A time course showed that systemic disease parameters as well as glomerular IgG deposits appeared in B6.Sle1.2.3 mice by 4 months of age; the appearance of p16Ink4a-positive cells occurred later, by 8 months of age, overlapping with renal disease. CONCLUSION We report, for the first time, the presence of p16Ink4a-positive cells, a marker of cellular senescence, in the B6.Sle1.2.3 kidney, and their association with renal disease severity. This provides a preclinical model in which to test for the role of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of LN, as a potential kidney-intrinsic disease mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Tilman
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilie Dupré
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Watteyne
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Delphine Nolf
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fatima Benhaddi
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fanny Lambert
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Daumerie
- IREC Imaging Platform (2IP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging Platform (2IP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Lucas
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nisha Limaye
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Lin JP, Brake A, Donadieu M, Lee A, Kawaguchi R, Sati P, Geschwind DH, Jacobson S, Schafer DP, Reich DS. A 4D transcriptomic map for the evolution of multiple sclerosis-like lesions in the marmoset brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.25.559371. [PMID: 37808784 PMCID: PMC10557631 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.559371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-time-point histopathological studies on postmortem multiple sclerosis (MS) tissue fail to capture lesion evolution dynamics, posing challenges for therapy development targeting development and repair of focal inflammatory demyelination. To close this gap, we studied experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) in the common marmoset, the most faithful animal model of these processes. Using MRI-informed RNA profiling, we analyzed ~600,000 single-nucleus and ~55,000 spatial transcriptomes, comparing them against EAE inoculation status, longitudinal radiological signals, and histopathological features. We categorized 5 groups of microenvironments pertinent to neural function, immune and glial responses, tissue destruction and repair, and regulatory network at brain borders. Exploring perilesional microenvironment diversity, we uncovered central roles of EAE-associated astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and ependyma in lesion formation and resolution. We pinpointed imaging and molecular features capturing the pathological trajectory of WM, offering potential for assessing treatment outcomes using marmoset as a platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ping Lin
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alexis Brake
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maxime Donadieu
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amanda Lee
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Pascal Sati
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Steven Jacobson
- Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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15
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Jiménez Peinado P, Urbach A. From Youthful Vigor to Aging Decline: Unravelling the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Determinants of Hippocampal Neural Stem Cell Aging. Cells 2023; 12:2086. [PMID: 37626896 PMCID: PMC10453598 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Joseph Altman published his pioneering work demonstrating neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult rats, the number of publications in this field increased exponentially. Today, we know that the adult hippocampus harbors a pool of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) that are the source of life-long neurogenesis and plasticity. The functions of these NSCs are regulated by extrinsic cues arising from neighboring cells and the systemic environment. However, this tight regulation is subject to imbalance with age, resulting in a decline in adult NSCs and neurogenesis, which contributes to the progressive deterioration of hippocampus-related cognitive functions. Despite extensive investigation, the mechanisms underlying this age-related decline in neurogenesis are only incompletely understood, but appear to include an increase in NSC quiescence, changes in differentiation patterns, and NSC exhaustion. In this review, we summarize recent work that has improved our knowledge of hippocampal NSC aging, focusing on NSC-intrinsic mechanisms as well as cellular and molecular changes in the niche and systemic environment that might be involved in the age-related decline in NSC functions. Additionally, we identify future directions that may advance our understanding of NSC aging and the concomitant loss of hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Urbach
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Healthy Aging, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Aging Research Center Jena, Leibniz Institute on Aging, 07745 Jena, Germany
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16
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Peng W, Wang S, Yu M, Wang T, He R, Liu D, Chen D, Liang X, Liu K, Xiang B. Electroconvulsive Therapy Reduces Protein Expression Level of EP300 and Improves Psychiatric Symptoms and Disturbance of Thought in Patients with Schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:1763-1770. [PMID: 37551320 PMCID: PMC10404429 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s411575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been employed as an effective treatment strategy and to improve mental symptoms in schizophrenia (SCZ), its action mechanisms remain unclear. Our previous study found that some genes and biological pathways were closely related to ECT through genetic technology analysis, such as LTP pathway and EP300. This study combined with healthy controls and symptomatology analysis to further explore the changes of expression of EP300 protein in treatment and related symptoms of SCZ. Methods One hundred and one patients with SCZ and 45 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. Patients with SCZ received acute courses of 6 times bilateral ECT. The peripheral blood of patients with SCZ (BECT: before ECT; AECT: after ECT) and the HCs was collected to calculate the changes of expression level of EP300 protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the severity of symptoms of SCZ patients and the efficiency of the ECT. Results There was a statistical difference of EP300 protein expression in patients with SCZ (BECT and AECT) (F = 114.5, p < 0.05). ECT reduced plasma expression level of EP300 protein in patients with SCZ, which was not statistically different from that in HCs (t = 4.47, p = 0.20). The change of the expression level of EP300 protein in patients with SCZ (BECT and AECT) has a positive correlation with reduction rate of positive symptoms (r = 0.228, p < 0.05) and disturbance of thought (r = 0.219, p < 0.05). Conclusion Our study suggests that the expression level of EP300 protein has a significant change in patients with SCZ treating with ECT, and EP300 may have some connections with positive symptoms and disturbance thought of patients with SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhong Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minglan Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongfang He
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yibin Fourth People’s Hospital, Yibin, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dechao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yibin Fourth People’s Hospital, Yibin, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kezhi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Holloway K, Neherin K, Dam KU, Zhang H. Cellular senescence and neurodegeneration. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1247-1262. [PMID: 37115318 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Advancing age is a major risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The worldwide prevalence of AD is approximately 50 million people, and this number is projected to increase substantially. The molecular mechanisms underlying the aging-associated susceptibility to cognitive impairment in AD are largely unknown. As a hallmark of aging, cellular senescence is a significant contributor to aging and age-related diseases including AD. Senescent neurons and glial cells have been detected to accumulate in the brains of AD patients and mouse models. Importantly, selective elimination of senescent cells ameliorates amyloid beta and tau pathologies and improves cognition in AD mouse models, indicating a critical role of cellular senescence in AD pathogenesis. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying when and how cellular senescence contributes to AD pathogenesis remain unclear. This review provides an overview of cellular senescence and discusses recent advances in the understanding of the impact of cellular senescence on AD pathogenesis, with brief discussions of the possible role of cellular senescence in other neurodegenerative diseases including Down syndrome, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher Holloway
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Kashfia Neherin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Kha Uyen Dam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
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18
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Blasco-Chamarro L, Fariñas I. Fine-tuned rest: unveiling the regulatory landscape of adult quiescent neural stem cells. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00298-1. [PMID: 37437796 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell quiescence is an essential mechanism that allows cells to temporarily halt proliferation while preserving the potential to resume it at a later time. The molecular mechanisms underlying cell quiescence are complex and involve the regulation of various signaling pathways, transcription factors and epigenetic modifications. The importance of unveiling the mechanisms regulating the quiescent state is undeniable, as its long-term maintenance is key to sustain tissue homeostasis throughout life. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are maintained in the subependymal zone (SEZ) niche of adult mammalian brains mostly as long-lasting quiescent cells, owing to multiple intrinsic and extrinsic cues that actively regulate this state. Differently from other non-proliferative states, quiescence is a reversible and tightly regulated condition that can re-activate to support the formation of new neurons throughout adult lifespan. Decoding its regulatory mechanisms in homeostasis and unveiling how it is modulated in the context of the aged brain or during tumorigenesis, could bring us closer to the development of new potential strategies to intervene in adult neurogenesis with therapeutic purposes. Starting with a general conceptualization of the quiescent state in different stem cell niches, we here review what we have learned about NSC quiescence in the SEZ, encompassing the experimental strategies used for its study, to end up discussing the modulation of quiescence in the context of a physiology or pathological NSC dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Blasco-Chamarro
- Biomedical Research Network on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); Department of Cell Biology; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Institute (BioTecMed), University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Fariñas
- Biomedical Research Network on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); Department of Cell Biology; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Institute (BioTecMed), University of Valencia, Spain.
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19
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Yeo RW, Zhou OY, Zhong BL, Sun ED, Navarro Negredo P, Nair S, Sharmin M, Ruetz TJ, Wilson M, Kundaje A, Dunn AR, Brunet A. Chromatin accessibility dynamics of neurogenic niche cells reveal defects in neural stem cell adhesion and migration during aging. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:866-893. [PMID: 37443352 PMCID: PMC10353944 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The regenerative potential of brain stem cell niches deteriorates during aging. Yet the mechanisms underlying this decline are largely unknown. Here we characterize genome-wide chromatin accessibility of neurogenic niche cells in vivo during aging. Interestingly, chromatin accessibility at adhesion and migration genes decreases with age in quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) but increases with age in activated (proliferative) NSCs. Quiescent and activated NSCs exhibit opposing adhesion behaviors during aging: quiescent NSCs become less adhesive, whereas activated NSCs become more adhesive. Old activated NSCs also show decreased migration in vitro and diminished mobilization out of the niche for neurogenesis in vivo. Using tension sensors, we find that aging increases force-producing adhesions in activated NSCs. Inhibiting the cytoskeletal-regulating kinase ROCK reduces these adhesions, restores migration in old activated NSCs in vitro, and boosts neurogenesis in vivo. These results have implications for restoring the migratory potential of NSCs and for improving neurogenesis in the aged brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin W Yeo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olivia Y Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian L Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric D Sun
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Biomedical Informatics Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Surag Nair
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mahfuza Sharmin
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tyson J Ruetz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mikaela Wilson
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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20
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Chen Q, Young L, Barsotti R. Mitochondria in cell senescence: A Friend or Foe? ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 136:35-91. [PMID: 37437984 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell senescence denotes cell growth arrest in response to continuous replication or stresses damaging DNA or mitochondria. Mounting research suggests that cell senescence attributes to aging-associated failing organ function and diseases. Conversely, it participates in embryonic tissue maturation, wound healing, tissue regeneration, and tumor suppression. The acute or chronic properties and microenvironment may explain the double faces of senescence. Senescent cells display unique characteristics. In particular, its mitochondria become elongated with altered metabolomes and dynamics. Accordingly, mitochondria reform their function to produce more reactive oxygen species at the cost of low ATP production. Meanwhile, destructed mitochondrial unfolded protein responses further break the delicate proteostasis fostering mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, the release of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, and altered NAD+ level intertwine other cellular organelle strengthening senescence. These findings further intrigue researchers to develop anti-senescence interventions. Applying mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants reduces cell senescence and mitigates aging by restoring mitochondrial function and attenuating oxidative stress. Metformin and caloric restriction also manifest senescent rescuing effects by increasing mitochondria efficiency and alleviating oxidative damage. On the other hand, Bcl2 family protein inhibitors eradicate senescent cells by inducing apoptosis to facilitate cancer chemotherapy. This review describes the different aspects of mitochondrial changes in senescence and highlights the recent progress of some anti-senescence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Lindon Young
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Robert Barsotti
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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21
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Ben-Azu B, del Re EC, VanderZwaag J, Carrier M, Keshavan M, Khakpour M, Tremblay MÈ. Emerging epigenetic dynamics in gut-microglia brain axis: experimental and clinical implications for accelerated brain aging in schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1139357. [PMID: 37256150 PMCID: PMC10225712 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1139357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aging, which involves a progressive loss of neuronal functions, has been reported to be premature in probands affected by schizophrenia (SCZ). Evidence shows that SCZ and accelerated aging are linked to changes in epigenetic clocks. Recent cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging analyses have uncovered reduced brain reserves and connectivity in patients with SCZ compared to typically aging individuals. These data may indicate early abnormalities of neuronal function following cyto-architectural alterations in SCZ. The current mechanistic knowledge on brain aging, epigenetic changes, and their neuropsychiatric disease association remains incomplete. With this review, we explore and summarize evidence that the dynamics of gut-resident bacteria can modulate molecular brain function and contribute to age-related neurodegenerative disorders. It is known that environmental factors such as mode of birth, dietary habits, stress, pollution, and infections can modulate the microbiota system to regulate intrinsic neuronal activity and brain reserves through the vagus nerve and enteric nervous system. Microbiota-derived molecules can trigger continuous activation of the microglial sensome, groups of receptors and proteins that permit microglia to remodel the brain neurochemistry based on complex environmental activities. This remodeling causes aberrant brain plasticity as early as fetal developmental stages, and after the onset of first-episode psychosis. In the central nervous system, microglia, the resident immune surveillance cells, are involved in neurogenesis, phagocytosis of synapses and neurological dysfunction. Here, we review recent emerging experimental and clinical evidence regarding the gut-brain microglia axis involvement in SCZ pathology and etiology, the hypothesis of brain reserve and accelerated aging induced by dietary habits, stress, pollution, infections, and other factors. We also include in our review the possibilities and consequences of gut dysbiosis activities on microglial function and dysfunction, together with the effects of antipsychotics on the gut microbiome: therapeutic and adverse effects, role of fecal microbiota transplant and psychobiotics on microglial sensomes, brain reserves and SCZ-derived accelerated aging. We end the review with suggestions that may be applicable to the clinical setting. For example, we propose that psychobiotics might contribute to antipsychotic-induced therapeutic benefits or adverse effects, as well as reduce the aging process through the gut-brain microglia axis. Overall, we hope that this review will help increase the understanding of SCZ pathogenesis as related to chronobiology and the gut microbiome, as well as reveal new concepts that will serve as novel treatment targets for SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben-Azu
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Elisabetta C. del Re
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jared VanderZwaag
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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22
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Zocher S, Toda T. Epigenetic aging in adult neurogenesis. Hippocampus 2023; 33:347-359. [PMID: 36624660 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the hippocampus generate new neurons throughout life, which functionally contribute to cognitive flexibility and mood regulation. Yet adult hippocampal neurogenesis substantially declines with age and age-related impairments in NSC activity underlie this reduction. Particularly, increased NSC quiescence and consequently reduced NSC proliferation are considered to be major drivers of the low neurogenesis levels in the aged brain. Epigenetic regulators control the gene expression programs underlying NSC quiescence, proliferation and differentiation and are hence critical to the regulation of adult neurogenesis. Epigenetic alterations have also emerged as central hallmarks of aging, and recent studies suggest the deterioration of the NSC-specific epigenetic landscape as a driver of the age-dependent decline in adult neurogenesis. In this review, we summarize the recently accumulating evidence for a role of epigenetic dysregulation in NSC aging and propose perspectives for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zocher
- Nuclear Architecture in Neural Plasticity and Aging Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
| | - Tomohisa Toda
- Nuclear Architecture in Neural Plasticity and Aging Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics and Microtissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Gao Y, Syed M, Zhao X. Mechanisms underlying the effect of voluntary running on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Hippocampus 2023; 33:373-390. [PMID: 36892196 PMCID: PMC10566571 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is important for preserving learning and memory-related cognitive functions. Physical exercise, especially voluntary running, is one of the strongest stimuli to promote neurogenesis and has beneficial effects on cognitive functions. Voluntary running promotes exit of neural stem cells (NSCs) from the quiescent stage, proliferation of NSCs and progenitors, survival of newborn cells, morphological development of immature neuron, and integration of new neurons into the hippocampal circuitry. However, the detailed mechanisms driving these changes remain unclear. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge with respect to molecular mechanisms underlying voluntary running-induced neurogenesis, highlighting recent genome-wide gene expression analyses. In addition, we will discuss new approaches and future directions for dissecting the complex cellular mechanisms driving change in adult-born new neurons in response to physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Moosa Syed
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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24
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Pezone A, Olivieri F, Napoli MV, Procopio A, Avvedimento EV, Gabrielli A. Inflammation and DNA damage: cause, effect or both. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:200-211. [PMID: 36750681 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a biological response involving immune cells, blood vessels and mediators induced by endogenous and exogenous stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells or chemicals. Unresolved (chronic) inflammation is characterized by the secretion of cytokines that maintain inflammation and redox stress. Mitochondrial or nuclear redox imbalance induces DNA damage, which triggers the DNA damage response (DDR) that is orchestrated by ATM and ATR kinases, which modify gene expression and metabolism and, eventually, establish the senescent phenotype. DDR-mediated senescence is induced by the signalling proteins p53, p16 and p21, which arrest the cell cycle in G1 or G2 and promote cytokine secretion, producing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Senescence and inflammation phenotypes are intimately associated, but highly heterogeneous because they vary according to the cell type that is involved. The vicious cycle of inflammation, DNA damage and DDR-mediated senescence, along with the constitutive activation of the immune system, is the core of an evolutionarily conserved circuitry, which arrests the cell cycle to reduce the accumulation of mutations generated by DNA replication during redox stress caused by infection or inflammation. Evidence suggests that specific organ dysfunctions in apparently unrelated diseases of autoimmune, rheumatic, degenerative and vascular origins are caused by inflammation resulting from DNA damage-induced senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pezone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Clinica di Medicina di Laboratorio e di Precisione, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Napoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Clinica di Medicina di Laboratorio e di Precisione, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Enrico Vittorio Avvedimento
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del C.N.R., Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Fondazione di Medicina Molecolare e Terapia Cellulare, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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25
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Tkemaladze J. Reduction, proliferation, and differentiation defects of stem cells over time: a consequence of selective accumulation of old centrioles in the stem cells? Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2751-2761. [PMID: 36583780 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All molecules, structures, cells in organisms are subjected to destruction during the process of vital activities. In the organisms of most multicellular animals and humans, the regeneration process always takes place: destruction of old cells and their replacement with the new. The replacement of cells happens even if the cells are in perfect condition. The sooner the organism destroys the cells that emerged a certain time ago and replaces them with the new (i.e., the higher is the regeneration tempo), the younger the organism is. DISCUSSION Stem cells are progenitor cells of the substituting young cells. Asymmetric division of a mother stem cell gives rise to one, analogous to the mother, daughter cell, and to a second daughter cell that takes the path of further differentiation. Despite such asymmetric divisions, the pool of stem cells diminishes in its quantity over time. Moreover, intervals between stem cell divisions increase. The combination of these two processes causes the decline of regeneration tempo and aging of the organism. CONCLUSION During asymmetric stem cell divisions daughter cells, with preserved potency of the stem cell, selectively conserve mother (old) centrioles. In contrast with molecules of nuclear DNA, reparations do not take place in centrioles. Hypothetically, old centrioles are more subjected to destruction than other structures of a cell-which makes centrioles potentially the main structure of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaba Tkemaladze
- Free University of Tbilisi, 240 David Aghmashenebeli Alley, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia.
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26
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Plakkot B, Di Agostino A, Subramanian M. Implications of Hypothalamic Neural Stem Cells on Aging and Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050769. [PMID: 36899905 PMCID: PMC10000584 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus, one of the major regulatory centers in the brain, controls various homeostatic processes, and hypothalamic neural stem cells (htNSCs) have been observed to interfere with hypothalamic mechanisms regulating aging. NSCs play a pivotal role in the repair and regeneration of brain cells during neurodegenerative diseases and rejuvenate the brain tissue microenvironment. The hypothalamus was recently observed to be involved in neuroinflammation mediated by cellular senescence. Cellular senescence, or systemic aging, is characterized by a progressive irreversible state of cell cycle arrest that causes physiological dysregulation in the body and it is evident in many neuroinflammatory conditions, including obesity. Upregulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress due to senescence has the potential to alter the functioning of NSCs. Various studies have substantiated the chances of obesity inducing accelerated aging. Therefore, it is essential to explore the potential effects of htNSC dysregulation in obesity and underlying pathways to develop strategies to address obesity-induced comorbidities associated with brain aging. This review will summarize hypothalamic neurogenesis associated with obesity and prospective NSC-based regenerative therapy for the treatment of obesity-induced cardiovascular conditions.
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27
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Salta E, Lazarov O, Fitzsimons CP, Tanzi R, Lucassen PJ, Choi SH. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease: A roadmap to clinical relevance. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:120-136. [PMID: 36736288 PMCID: PMC10082636 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) drops sharply during early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), via unknown mechanisms, and correlates with cognitive status in AD patients. Understanding AHN regulation in AD could provide a framework for innovative pharmacological interventions. We here combine molecular, behavioral, and clinical data and critically discuss the multicellular complexity of the AHN niche in relation to AD pathophysiology. We further present a roadmap toward a better understanding of the role of AHN in AD by probing the promises and caveats of the latest technological advancements in the field and addressing the conceptual and methodological challenges ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Salta
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Orly Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Carlos P Fitzsimons
- Brain Plasticity group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolph Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, McCance Center for Brain Health, 114 16th Street, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 404, 1098 SM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Se Hoon Choi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, McCance Center for Brain Health, 114 16th Street, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
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28
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Carvajal Ibañez D, Skabkin M, Hooli J, Cerrizuela S, Göpferich M, Jolly A, Volk K, Zumwinkel M, Bertolini M, Figlia G, Höfer T, Kramer G, Anders S, Teleman AA, Marciniak-Czochra A, Martin-Villalba A. Interferon regulates neural stem cell function at all ages by orchestrating mTOR and cell cycle. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16434. [PMID: 36636818 PMCID: PMC10086582 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells show intrinsic interferon signalling, which protects them from viral infections at all ages. In the ageing brain, interferon signalling also reduces the ability of stem cells to activate. Whether these functions are linked and at what time interferons start taking on a role in stem cell functioning is unknown. Additionally, the molecular link between interferons and activation in neural stem cells and how this relates to progenitor production is not well understood. Here we combine single-cell transcriptomics, RiboSeq and mathematical models of interferon to show that this pathway is important for proper stem cell function at all ages in mice. Interferon orchestrates cell cycle and mTOR activity to post-transcriptionally repress Sox2 and induces quiescence. The interferon response then decreases in the subsequent maturation states. Mathematical simulations indicate that this regulation is beneficial for the young and harmful for the old brain. Our study establishes molecular mechanisms of interferon in stem cells and interferons as genuine regulators of stem cell homeostasis and a potential therapeutic target to repair the ageing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Carvajal Ibañez
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maxim Skabkin
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jooa Hooli
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Santiago Cerrizuela
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Göpferich
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrien Jolly
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Volk
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Zumwinkel
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matilde Bertolini
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gianluca Figlia
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guenter Kramer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Anders
- Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Marciniak-Czochra
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center of Scientific Computing (IWR) and Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Martin-Villalba
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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29
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Romero-García N, Huete-Acevedo J, Mas-Bargues C, Sanz-Ros J, Dromant M, Borrás C. The Double-Edged Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Hallmarks of Aging. Biomolecules 2023; 13:165. [PMID: 36671550 PMCID: PMC9855573 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The exponential growth in the elderly population and their associated socioeconomic burden have recently brought aging research into the spotlight. To integrate current knowledge and guide potential interventions, nine biochemical pathways are summarized under the term hallmarks of aging. These hallmarks are deeply inter-related and act together to drive the aging process. Altered intercellular communication is particularly relevant since it explains how damage at the cellular level translates into age-related loss of function at the organismal level. As the main effectors of intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) might play a key role in the aggravation or mitigation of the hallmarks of aging. This review aims to summarize this role and to provide context for the multiple emerging EV-based gerotherapeutic strategies that are currently under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nekane Romero-García
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Trauma Intensive Care, Hospital Clinic Universitari Valencia, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Huete-Acevedo
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Sanz-Ros
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Dromant
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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30
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Stevanovic M, Lazic A, Schwirtlich M, Stanisavljevic Ninkovic D. The Role of SOX Transcription Factors in Ageing and Age-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:851. [PMID: 36614288 PMCID: PMC9821406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The quest for eternal youth and immortality is as old as humankind. Ageing is an inevitable physiological process accompanied by many functional declines that are driving factors for age-related diseases. Stem cell exhaustion is one of the major hallmarks of ageing. The SOX transcription factors play well-known roles in self-renewal and differentiation of both embryonic and adult stem cells. As a consequence of ageing, the repertoire of adult stem cells present in various organs steadily declines, and their dysfunction/death could lead to reduced regenerative potential and development of age-related diseases. Thus, restoring the function of aged stem cells, inducing their regenerative potential, and slowing down the ageing process are critical for improving the health span and, consequently, the lifespan of humans. Reprograming factors, including SOX family members, emerge as crucial players in rejuvenation. This review focuses on the roles of SOX transcription factors in stem cell exhaustion and age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, visual deterioration, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, and age-related cancers. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ageing and the roles of SOX transcription factors in this process could open new avenues for developing novel strategies that will delay ageing and prevent age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Stevanovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrijana Lazic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Schwirtlich
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
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31
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Abstract
Cellular senescence has become a subject of great interest within the ageing research field over the last 60 years, from the first observation in vitro by Leonard Hayflick and Paul Moorhead in 1961, to novel findings of phenotypic sub-types and senescence-like phenotype in post-mitotic cells. It has essential roles in wound healing, tumour suppression and the very first stages of human development, while causing widespread damage and dysfunction with age leading to a raft of age-related diseases. This chapter discusses these roles and their interlinking pathways, and how the observed accumulation of senescent cells with age has initiated a whole new field of ageing research, covering pathologies in the heart, liver, kidneys, muscles, brain and bone. This chapter will also examine how senescent cell accumulation presents in these different tissues, along with their roles in disease development. Finally, there is much focus on developing treatments for senescent cell accumulation in advanced age as a method of alleviating age-related disease. We will discuss here the various senolytic and senostatic treatment approaches and their successes and limitations, and the innovative new strategies being developed to address the differing effects of cellular senescence in ageing and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Reed
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Satomi Miwa
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Bang M, Yang SJ, Ahn T, Han SH, Shin CY, Kwon KJ. Minoxidil Regulates Aging-Like Phenotypes in Rat Cortical Astrocytes In Vitro. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:116-126. [PMID: 36535699 PMCID: PMC9810449 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mainly due to the slanted focus on the mechanism and regulation of neuronal aging, research on astrocyte aging and its modulation during brain aging is scarce. In this study, we established aged astrocyte culture model by long-term culturing. Cellular senescence was confirmed through SA-β-gal staining as well as through the examination of morphological, molecular, and functional markers. RNA sequencing and functional analysis of astrocytes were performed to further investigate the detailed characteristics of the aged astrocyte model. Along with aged phenotypes, decreased astrocytic proliferation, migration, mitochondrial energetic function and support for neuronal survival and differentiation has been observed in aged astrocytes. In addition, increased expression of cytokines and chemokine-related factors including plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 (PAI-1) was observed in aged astrocytes. Using the RNA sequencing results, we searched potential drugs that can normalize the dysregulated gene expression pattern observed in long-term cultured aged astrocytes. Among several candidates, minoxidil, a pyrimidine-derived anti-hypertensive and anti-pattern hair loss drug, normalized the increased number of SA-β-gal positive cells and nuclear size in aged astrocytes. In addition, minoxidil restored up-regulated activity of PAI-1 and increased mitochondrial superoxide production in aged astrocytes. We concluded that long term culture of astrocytes can be used as a reliable model for the study of astrocyte senescence and minoxidil can be a plausible candidate for the regulation of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Bang
- Biological Science, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea,Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Yang
- Department of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeJin Ahn
- Department of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol-Heui Han
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk Hospital Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ja Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Department of Neurology, Konkuk Hospital Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea,Corresponding Author E-mail: , Tel: +82-2-454-5630, Fax: +82-2-548-5630
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Aminzadeh-Gohari S, Kofler B, Herzog C. Dietary restriction in senolysis and prevention and treatment of disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5242-5268. [PMID: 36484738 PMCID: PMC7616065 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2153355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging represents a key risk factor for a plethora of diseases. Targeting detrimental processes which occur during aging, especially before onset of age-related disease, could provide drastic improvements in healthspan. There is increasing evidence that dietary restriction (DR), including caloric restriction, fasting, or fasting-mimicking diets, extend both lifespan and healthspan. This has sparked interest in the use of dietary regimens as a non-pharmacological means to slow aging and prevent disease. Here, we review the current evidence on the molecular mechanisms underlying DR-induced health improvements, including removal of senescent cells, metabolic reprogramming, and epigenetic rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabollism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Institute for Biomedical Ageing, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabollism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Chiara Herzog
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Institute for Biomedical Ageing, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Priami C, Montariello D, De Michele G, Ruscitto F, Polazzi A, Ronzoni S, Bertalot G, Binelli G, Gambino V, Luzi L, Mapelli M, Giorgio M, Migliaccio E, Pelicci PG. Aberrant activation of p53/p66Shc-mInsc axis increases asymmetric divisions and attenuates proliferation of aged mammary stem cells. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2429-2444. [PMID: 35739253 PMCID: PMC9751089 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by the progressive decline in tissue regenerative capacity and functions of resident stem cells (SCs). Underlying mechanisms, however, remain unclear. Here we show that, during chronological aging, self-renewing mitoses of mammary SCs (MaSCs) are preferentially asymmetric and that their progeny divides less frequently, leading to decreased number of MaSCs and reduced regenerative potential. Underlying mechanisms are investigated in the p66Shc-/- mouse, which exhibits several features of delayed aging, including reduced involution of the mammary gland (MG). p66Shc is a mitochondrial redox sensor that activates a specific p53 transcriptional program, in which the aging-associated p44 isoform of p53 plays a pivotal role. We report here that aged p66Shc-/- MaSCs show increased symmetric divisions, increased proliferation and increased regenerative potential, to an extent reminiscent of young wild-type (WT) MaSCs. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that p66Shc, together with p53: (i) accumulates in the aged MG, (ii) sustains expression of the cell polarity determinant mInscuteable and, concomitantly, (iii) down-regulates critical cell cycle genes (e.g.,: Cdk1 and Cyclin A). Accordingly, overexpression of p53/p44 increases asymmetric divisions and decreases proliferation of young WT MaSCs in a p66Shc-dependent manner and overexpression of mInsc restores WT-like levels of asymmetric divisions in aged p66Shc-/- MaSCs. Notably, deletion of p66Shc has negligible effects in young MaSCs and MG development. These results demonstrate that MG aging is due to aberrant activation of p66Shc, which induces p53/p44 signaling, leading to failure of symmetric divisions, decreased proliferation and reduced regenerative potential of MaSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Priami
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Montariello
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia De Michele
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Ruscitto
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Polazzi
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Ronzoni
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertalot
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- U.O.M. Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica, Ospedale Santa Chiara, Largo Medaglie d'Oro 9, 38122, Trento, Italy
| | - Giorgio Binelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Valentina Gambino
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucilla Luzi
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Mapelli
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrica Migliaccio
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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Anggraini DR, Ilyas S, Hasibuan PAZ, Machrina Y, Purba A, Munir D, Putra IB, Betty. Anti-Aging Activity of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium DC) Fruit Ethanol Extract on Brain Weight and p16INK4a Expression of Hippocampus in Aging Model Rats. Acta Inform Med 2022; 30:283-286. [PMID: 36467322 PMCID: PMC9665423 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2022.30.283-286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological aging and due to oxidative stress in long term will have an impact on cellular response disorders, can caused aging of hippocampus and senility. Brain weight is known to decrease with age and p16INK4a as aging biomarkers have been investigated. Andaliman is one of typical herbal plants from North Sumatra has been widely used as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging. OBJECTIVE This study was evaluated effect of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) fruit ethanol extract (AEE) on brain weight and p16INK4a expression in aging model rats. METHODS This study was carried out experimentally of 24 male wistar rats. The treatment group consisted of 4 groups; KN= negatif control (normal), KP= positif control (aging model rat), P1 and P2= aging model rat + AEE at dose 150 and 300mg/kgbw, respectively. The aging model rats were D-galactose-induced at dose of 150mg/kgbw for 8 weeks. Brain weigth were recorded by digital scales. p16INK4a expression using immunohistochemical methods. The data analysis with Anova test. RESULTS This study showed differences brain weight between groups (p=0.523). Brain weight in P1 (1.34±0,06) and P2 (1.30±0.09) tendency increased than KP (1.29±0.62). The p16INK4a expression between groups significant difference (p=0.041), continued with post hoc Least Significant Difference (LSD) showed p16INK4a expression in KN significant decreased than KP (p=0.027). Likewise, p16INK4a expression in P2 was significant decreased than KP (p=0.010). CONCLUSION Andaliman ethanol extract at a dose 300mg/kgbw for 8 weeks was improved aging process caused D-galactose induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Rita Anggraini
- Philosophy Doctor in Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Syafruddin Ilyas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | | | - Yetty Machrina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine,Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Ambrosius Purba
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Delfitri Munir
- Department of Ear, Nose & Throat, Head & Neck, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Imam Budi Putra
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Betty
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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Abstract
Due to late onset hypogonadism (LOH), there is an increased usage of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in the aging male population. Since prostate is a target organ for androgens and anti-androgenic strategies are used to treat and palliate benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC), the prevalence of both increases with age, the possible influence of TRT on prostate health becomes highly relevant. The present review summarizes existing data on the associations between endogenous hormone concentrations and prostate growth and concludes that circulating concentrations of androgens do not appear to be associated with the risks of development of BPH or initiation or progression of PC. The explanation for these findings relates to an apparent insensitivity of prostatic tissue to changes of testosterone concentrations within the physiological range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Welén
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Damber
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Gonçalves RSDSA, Maciel ÁCC, Rolland Y, Vellas B, de Souto Barreto P. Frailty biomarkers under the perspective of geroscience: A narrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101737. [PMID: 36162706 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cellular and molecular aging biomarkers might contribute to identify at-risk individuals for frailty before overt clinical manifestations appear. Although studies on the associations of aging biomarkers and frailty exist, no investigation has gathered this information using a structured framework for identifying aging biomarkers; as a result, the evidence on frailty and aging biomarkers is diffuse and incomplete. Therefore, this narrative review aimed to gather information on the associations of the hallmarks of aging and frailty under the perspective of geroscience. The literature on human studies on this topic is sparse and mainly composed of cross-sectional investigations performed in small study samples. The main putative aging biomarkers associated to frailty were: mitochondrial DNA copy number (genomic instability and mitochondrial dysfunction), telomere length (telomere attrition), global DNA methylation (epigenetic alterations), Hsp70 and Hsp72 (loss of proteostasis), IGF-1 and SIRT1 (deregulated nutrient-sensing), GDF-15 (mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence and altered intercellular communication), CD4 + and CD8 + cell percentages (cellular senescence), circulating osteogenic progenitor (COP) cells (stem cell exhaustion), and IL-6, CRP and TNF-alpha (altered intercellular communication). IGF-1, SIRT1, GDF-15, IL-6, CRP and TNF-alpha presented more evidence among these biomarkers, highlighting the importance of inflammation and nutrient sensing on frailty. Further longitudinal studies investigating biomarkers across the hallmarks of aging would provide valuable information on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yves Rolland
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; CERPOP, Inserm 1295, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; CERPOP, Inserm 1295, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; CERPOP, Inserm 1295, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Ahmed NS, Foote JB, Singh KK. Impaired Mitochondria Promote Aging-Associated Sebaceous Gland Dysfunction and Pathology. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1546-1558. [PMID: 35948081 PMCID: PMC9667715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of aging. Changes in sebaceous gland (SG) function and sebum production have been reported during aging. This study shows the direct effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on SG morphology and function. A mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depleter mouse was used as a model for introducing mitochondrial dysfunction in the whole animal. The effects on skin SGs and modified SGs of the eyelid, lip, clitoral, and preputial glands were characterized. The mtDNA depleter mice showed gross morphologic and histopathologic changes in SGs associated with increased infiltration by mast cells, neutrophils, and polarized macrophages. Consistently, there was increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The inflammatory changes were associated with abnormal sebocyte accumulation of lipid, defective sebum delivery at the skin surface, and the up-regulation of key lipogenesis-regulating genes and androgen receptor. The mtDNA depleter mice expressed aging-associated senescent marker. Increased sebocyte proliferation and aberrant expression of stem cell markers were observed. These studies provide, for the first time, a causal link between mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal sebocyte function within sebaceous and modified SGs throughout the whole body of the animal. They suggest that mtDNA depleter mouse may serve as a novel tool to develop targeted therapeutics to address SG disorders in aging humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha S Ahmed
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Dermatology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jeremy B Foote
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Animal Resources Program, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Therapeutic Antiaging Strategies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102515. [PMID: 36289777 PMCID: PMC9599338 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging constitutes progressive physiological changes in an organism. These changes alter the normal biological functions, such as the ability to manage metabolic stress, and eventually lead to cellular senescence. The process itself is characterized by nine hallmarks: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. These hallmarks are risk factors for pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Emerging evidence has been focused on examining the genetic pathways and biological processes in organisms surrounding these nine hallmarks. From here, the therapeutic approaches can be addressed in hopes of slowing the progression of aging. In this review, data have been collected on the hallmarks and their relative contributions to aging and supplemented with in vitro and in vivo antiaging research experiments. It is the intention of this article to highlight the most important antiaging strategies that researchers have proposed, including preventive measures, systemic therapeutic agents, and invasive procedures, that will promote healthy aging and increase human life expectancy with decreased side effects.
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Guerrero A, Innes AJ, Roux PF, Buisman SC, Jung J, Ortet L, Moiseeva V, Wagner V, Robinson L, Ausema A, Potapova A, Perdiguero E, Weersing E, Aarts M, Martin N, Wuestefeld T, Muñoz-Cánoves P, de Haan G, Bischof O, Gil J. 3-deazaadenosine (3DA) alleviates senescence to promote cellular fitness and cell therapy efficiency in mice. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:851-866. [PMID: 36438588 PMCID: PMC7613850 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable type of cell cycle arrest triggered by different stresses. As such, senescence drives age-related diseases and curbs cellular replicative potential. Here, we show that 3-deazaadenosine (3DA), an S-adenosyl homocysteinase (AHCY) inhibitor, alleviates replicative and oncogene-induced senescence. 3DA-treated senescent cells showed reduced global Histone H3 Lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3), an epigenetic modification that marks the bodies of actively transcribed genes. By integrating transcriptome and epigenome data, we demonstrate that 3DA treatment affects key factors of the senescence transcriptional program. Remarkably, 3DA treatment alleviated senescence and increased the proliferative and regenerative potential of muscle stem cells from very old mice in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ex vivo 3DA treatment was sufficient to enhance the engraftment of human umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells in immunocompromised mice. Together, our results identify 3DA as a promising drug enhancing the efficiency of cellular therapies by restraining senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Guerrero
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrew J. Innes
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pierre-François Roux
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, 75015 Paris, France
- INSERM, U993, 75015 Paris, France
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sonja C. Buisman
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Jung
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Ortet
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Moiseeva
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verena Wagner
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lucas Robinson
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, 75015 Paris, France
- INSERM, U993, 75015 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Albertina Ausema
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Potapova
- Laboratory of In Vivo Genetics & Gene Therapy, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eusebio Perdiguero
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ellen Weersing
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Aarts
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nadine Martin
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Torsten Wuestefeld
- Laboratory of In Vivo Genetics & Gene Therapy, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish National Center on Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerald de Haan
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory,Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver Bischof
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, 75015 Paris, France
- INSERM, U993, 75015 Paris, France
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), FHU SENEC, 51 Av de Lattre de Tassigny, 94100 Créteil, France
| | - Jesús Gil
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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Cassidy LD, Narita M. Autophagy at the intersection of aging, senescence, and cancer. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3259-3275. [PMID: 35689420 PMCID: PMC9490138 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process in which macromolecules undergo lysosomal degradation. It fulfills essential roles in quality controlling cellular constituents and in energy homeostasis. Basal autophagy is also widely accepted to provide a protective role in aging and aging-related disorders, and its decline with age might precipitate the onset of a variety of diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of basal autophagy in maintaining homeostasis, in part through the maintenance of stem cell populations and the prevention of cellular senescence. We also consider how stress-induced senescence, for example, during oncogene activation and in premalignant disease, might rely on autophagy, and the possibility that the age-associated decline in autophagy might promote tumour development through a variety of mechanisms. Ultimately, evidence suggests that autophagy is required for malignant cancer progression in a number of settings. Thus, autophagy appears to be tumour-suppressive during the early stages of tumorigenesis and tumour-promoting at later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam D. Cassidy
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | - Masashi Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeUK
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
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Safwan-Zaiter H, Wagner N, Wagner KD. P16INK4A-More Than a Senescence Marker. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1332. [PMID: 36143369 PMCID: PMC9501954 DOI: 10.3390/life12091332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological feature that is characterized by gradual degeneration of function in cells, tissues, organs, or an intact organism due to the accumulation of environmental factors and stresses with time. Several factors have been attributed to aging such as oxidative stress and augmented production or exposure to reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines production, telomere shortening, DNA damage, and, importantly, the deposit of senescent cells. These are irreversibly mitotically inactive, yet metabolically active cells. The reason underlying their senescence lies within the extrinsic and the intrinsic arms. The extrinsic arm is mainly characterized by the expression and the secretory profile known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The intrinsic arm results from the impact of several genes meant to regulate the cell cycle, such as tumor suppressor genes. P16INK4A is a tumor suppressor and cell cycle regulator that has been linked to aging and senescence. Extensive research has revealed that p16 expression is significantly increased in senescent cells, as well as during natural aging or age-related pathologies. Based on this fact, p16 is considered as a specific biomarker for detecting senescent cells and aging. Other studies have found that p16 is not only a senescence marker, but also a protein with many functions outside of senescence and aging. In this paper, we discuss and shed light on several studies that show the different functions of p16 and provide insights in its role in several biological processes besides senescence and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Wagner
- CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Garrosa E, Seco-Calvo J, Garrosa M. Potential Satellite Cell-Linked Biomarkers in Aging Skeletal Muscle Tissue: Proteomics and Proteogenomics to Monitor Sarcopenia. Proteomes 2022; 10:29. [PMID: 35997441 PMCID: PMC9396989 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia (Sp) is the loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with aging which causes an involution of muscle function and strength. Satellite cells (Sc) are myogenic stem cells, which are activated by injury or stress, and repair muscle tissue. With advancing age, there is a decrease in the efficiency of the regenerative response of Sc. Diagnosis occurs with the Sp established by direct assessments of muscle. However, the detection of biomarkers in real-time biofluids by liquid biopsy could represent a step-change in the understanding of the molecular biology and heterogeneity of Sp. A total of 13 potential proteogenomic biomarkers of Sp by their physiological and biological interaction with Sc have been previously described in the literature. Increases in the expression of GDF11, PGC-1α, Sirt1, Pax7, Pax3, Myf5, MyoD, CD34, MyoG, and activation of Notch signaling stimulate Sc activity and proliferation, which could modulate and delay Sp progression. On the contrary, intensified expression of GDF8, p16INK4a, Mrf4, and activation of the Wnt pathway would contribute to early Sp development by directly inducing reduced and/or altered Sc function, which would attenuate the restorative capacity of skeletal muscle. Additionally, tissue biopsy remains an important diagnostic tool. Proteomic profiling of aged muscle tissues has shown shifts toward protein isoforms characteristic of a fast-to-slow transition process and an elevated number of oxidized proteins. In addition, a strong association between age and plasma values of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has been described and serpin family A member 3 (serpin A3n) was more secreted by atrophied muscle cells. The identification of these new biomarkers holds the potential to change personalized medicine because it could predict in real time the course of Sp by monitoring its evolution and assessing responses to potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Evelina Garrosa
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCYL), University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Seco-Calvo
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Physiotherapy Department, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 Leon, Spain
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Basque Country University, 48900 Leioa, Spain
| | - Manuel Garrosa
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCYL), University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
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Chen M, Wang X, Li C, Lan T, Wei Y, Tang C, Zhou X, Zhou R, Rosa A, Zheng X, Ang S, Zhang K, Zou Q, Lai L. Inducible motor neuron differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells in vivo. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13319. [PMID: 35943218 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transplantation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is one of the promising treatment strategies for motor neuron diseases (MNDs). However, the inefficiency in committed differentiation of NPCs in vivo limits its application. Here, we tried to establish a potential therapeutic strategy for MNDs by in vivo directional differentiation of hiPSCs engineered with motor neuron (MN) specific transcription factors and Tet-On system. MATERIALS AND METHODS We engineered hiPSCs with three MN-specific transcription factors and Tet-On system. The engineered cells were directly transplanted into immunodeficient mice through subcutaneous, intra-spinal cord and intracerebroventricular injections. Following doxycycline (Dox) induction, teratoma formation, and motor MN differentiation were evaluated. RESULTS We generated genetically engineered hiPSCs, in which the expression of Ngn2, Isl1, and Lhx3 was controlled by a drug-inducible transgenic system. These cells showed normal pluripotency and proliferative capacity, and were able to directionally differentiate into mature motor neurons (MNs) and NPCs with high efficiency in spinal cords and cerebral lateral ventricles under the induction of Dox. The grafts showed long-term survival in the recipient mice without formation of teratoma. CONCLUSIONS The induced mature MNs and NPCs were expected to replace the damaged endogenous MNs directly, and play a role of de novo stem cell stock for long-term neuron damage repair, respectively. Therefore, in vivo directional differentiation of the hiPSCs engineered with MN-specific transcription factors and Tet-On system via Dox induction could be a potential therapeutic strategy for MNDs with high efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
| | - Ting Lan
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Renping Zhou
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Xi Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Song Ang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
| | - Qingjian Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, China
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45
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Fujino T, Asada S, Goyama S, Kitamura T. Mechanisms involved in hematopoietic stem cell aging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:473. [PMID: 35941268 PMCID: PMC11072869 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo progressive functional decline over time due to both internal and external stressors, leading to aging of the hematopoietic system. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HSC aging will be valuable in developing novel therapies for HSC rejuvenation and to prevent the onset of several age-associated diseases and hematological malignancies. This review considers the general causes of HSC aging that range from cell-intrinsic factors to cell-extrinsic factors. In particular, epigenetics and inflammation have been implicated in the linkage of HSC aging, clonality, and oncogenesis. The challenges in clarifying mechanisms of HSC aging have accelerated the development of therapeutic interventions to rejuvenate HSCs, the major goal of aging research; these details are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fujino
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shuhei Asada
- The Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 1628666, Japan
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1088639, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
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46
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Xu J, Liu D, Zhao D, Jiang X, Meng X, Jiang L, Yu M, Zhang L, Jiang H. Role of low-dose radiation in senescence and aging: A beneficial perspective. Life Sci 2022; 302:120644. [PMID: 35588864 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence refers to the permanent arrest of cell cycle caused by intrinsic and/or extrinsic stressors including oncogene activation, irradiation, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and certain cytokines (including senescence associated secretory phenotype). Cellular senescence is an important factor in aging. Accumulation of senescent cells has been implicated in the causation of various age-related organ disorders, tissue dysfunction, and chronic diseases. It is widely accepted that the biological effects triggered by low-dose radiation (LDR) are different from those caused by high-dose radiation. Experimental evidence suggests that LDR may promote growth and development, enhance longevity, induce embryo production, and delay the progression of chronic diseases. The underlying mechanisms of these effects include modulation of immune response, stimulation of hematopoietic system, antioxidative effect, reduced DNA damage and improved ability for DNA damage repair. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms by which LDR prevents senescence and aging from the perspectives of inhibiting cellular senescence and promoting the removal of senescent cells. We review a wide broad of evidence about the beneficial impact of LDR in senescence and aging models (including cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, arthritis and osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) to highlight the potential value of LDR in preventing aging and age-related diseases. However, there is no consensus on the effect of LDR on human health, and several important aspects require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin, China
| | - Xinxin Meng
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin, China
| | - Meina Yu
- Department of Special Clinic, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin, China
| | - Hongyu Jiang
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130001, Jilin, China.
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47
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Rivas M, Gupta G, Costanzo L, Ahmed H, Wyman AE, Geraghty P. Senescence: Pathogenic Driver in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:817. [PMID: 35744080 PMCID: PMC9228143 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is recognized as a disease of accelerated lung aging. Over the past two decades, mounting evidence suggests an accumulation of senescent cells within the lungs of patients with COPD that contributes to dysregulated tissue repair and the secretion of multiple inflammatory proteins, termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Cellular senescence in COPD is linked to telomere dysfunction, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. This review gives an overview of the mechanistic contributions and pathologic consequences of cellular senescence in COPD and discusses potential therapeutic approaches targeting senescence-associated signaling in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rivas
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.R.); (L.C.); (H.A.); (A.E.W.)
| | - Gayatri Gupta
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Louis Costanzo
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.R.); (L.C.); (H.A.); (A.E.W.)
| | - Huma Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.R.); (L.C.); (H.A.); (A.E.W.)
| | - Anne E. Wyman
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.R.); (L.C.); (H.A.); (A.E.W.)
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.R.); (L.C.); (H.A.); (A.E.W.)
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48
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Zhang X, Sun W, Wu W, Chen M, Ji T, Xu H, Wang Y. Pin1-mediated regulation of articular cartilage stem/progenitor cell aging. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101765. [PMID: 35227974 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) was recently isolated and identified from the cartilage tissue. CSPCs is essential for repair and regeneration of cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA). Aging is a primary risk factor for cartilage damage and joint OA. Although studies have confirmed the link between cell aging and OA, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating CSPCs aging are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of Pin1 in the aging of rat knee joint CSPCs. We isolated CSPCs from rat knee joints and demonstrated that, in long-term in vitro culture, Pin1 protein levels are significantly reduced. At the same time, expression of the senescence-related β-galactosidase and the senescence marker p16INK4A were markedly elevated. In addition, Pin1 overexpression reversed the progression of cellular senescence, as evidenced by the down-regulation of senescence-related β-galactosidase, increased EdU positive cells and diminished levels of p16INK4A. In contrast, Pin1 siRNA incorporation promoted CSPCs senescence. In addition, we also observed the distribution of cell cycles through flow cytometry and revealed that Pin1 deficiency results in cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, suggesting severe lack of proliferation ability, a sign of cellular senescence. Collectively, these results validated that Pin1 is an essential regulator of CSPCs aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China; Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China; Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Weijie Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Minhao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Tianyi Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China; Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
| | - Youhua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
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49
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Culig L, Chu X, Bohr VA. Neurogenesis in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101636. [PMID: 35490966 PMCID: PMC9168971 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the process by which neurons are generated in certain areas of the adult brain, declines in an age-dependent manner and is one potential target for extending cognitive healthspan. Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and, as lifespans are increasing, these health challenges are becoming more prevalent. An age-associated loss in neural stem cell number and/or activity could cause this decline in brain function, so interventions that reverse aging in stem cells might increase the human cognitive healthspan. In this review, we describe the involvement of adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and address the molecular mechanistic aspects of neurogenesis that involve some of the key aggregation-prone proteins in the brain (i.e., tau, Aβ, α-synuclein, …). We summarize the research pertaining to interventions that increase neurogenesis and regulate known targets in aging research, such as mTOR and sirtuins. Lastly, we share our outlook on restoring the levels of neurogenesis to physiological levels in elderly individuals and those with neurodegeneration. We suggest that modulating neurogenesis represents a potential target for interventions that could help in the fight against neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Culig
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xixia Chu
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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50
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Nguyen VTT, Taheri N, Chandra A, Hayashi Y. Aging of enteric neuromuscular systems in gastrointestinal tract. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14352. [PMID: 35279912 PMCID: PMC9308104 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is a complex biological process and associated with a progressive decline in functions of most organs including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Age-related GI motor disorders/dysfunctions include esophageal reflux, dysphagia, constipation, fecal incontinence, reduced compliance, and accommodation. Although the incidence and severity of these diseases and conditions increase with age, they are often underestimated due in part to nonspecific and variable symptoms and lack of sufficient medical attention. They negatively affect quality of life and predispose the elderly to other diseases, sarcopenia, and frailty. The mechanisms underlying aging-associated GI dysfunctions remain unclear, and there is limited data examining the effect of aging on GI motor functions. Many studies on aging-associated changes to cells within the tunica muscularis including enteric neurons, smooth muscles, and interstitial cells have proposed that cell loss and/or molecular changes may be involved in the pathogenesis of age-related GI motor disorders/dysfunctions. There is also evidence that the aging contributes to phenotypic changes in innate immune cells, which are physically and functionally linked to other cells in the tunica muscularis and can alter GI (patho) physiology. However, various patterns of changes have been reported, some of which are contradictory, indicating a need for additional work in this area. PURPOSE Although GI infection due to intestinal bacterial overgrowth, bleeding, and cancers are also important and common problems in the elderly patients, this mini-review focuses on data obtained from enteric neuromuscular aging research with the goal of better understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of enteric neuromuscular aging to enhance future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vy Truong Thuy Nguyen
- Enteric Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Negar Taheri
- Enteric Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Abhishek Chandra
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Enteric Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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