1
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da Silva Duarte AJ, Sanabani SS. Deciphering epigenetic regulations in the inflammatory pathways of atopic dermatitis. Life Sci 2024; 348:122713. [PMID: 38735367 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis, commonly referred to as atopic eczema, is a persistent inflammatory skin disorder that predominantly manifests in children but may endure into adulthood. Its clinical management poses challenges due to the absence of a definitive cure, and its prevalence varies across ethnicities, genders, and geographic locations. The epigenetic landscape of AD includes changes in DNA methylation, changes in histone acetylation and methylation, and regulation by non-coding RNAs. These changes affect inflammatory and immune mechanisms, and research has identified AD-specific variations in DNA methylation, particularly in the affected epidermis. Histone modifications, including acetylation, have been associated with the disruption of skin barrier function in AD, suggesting the potential therapeutic benefit of histone deacetylase inhibitors such as belinostat. Furthermore, non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been implicated in modulating various cellular processes central to AD pathogenesis. Therapeutic implications in AD include the potential use of DNA methylation inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors to correct aberrant methylation patterns and modulate gene expression related to immune responses and skin barrier functions. Additionally, the emerging role of lncRNAs suggests the possibility of using small interfering RNAs or antisense oligonucleotides to inhibit lncRNAs and adjust their regulatory impact on gene expression. In conclusion, the importance of epigenetic elements in AD is becoming increasingly clear as studies highlight the contribution of DNA methylation, histone modifications and, control by non-coding RNAs to the onset and progression of the disease. Understanding these epigenetic changes provides valuable insights for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Sabri Saeed Sanabani
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; Laboratory of Medical Investigation Unit 03, Clinics Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil.
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2
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Zhang S, Fang X, Xu B, Zhou Y, Li F, Gao Y, Luo Y, Yao X, Liu X. Comprehensive analysis of phenotypes and transcriptome characteristics reveal the best atopic dermatitis mouse model induced by MC903. J Dermatol Sci 2024:S0923-1811(24)00097-5. [PMID: 38806322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several mouse models of exogenous-agent-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) are currently available, the lack of certainty regarding their similarity with human AD has limited their scientific value. Thus, comprehensive evaluation of the characteristics of mouse models and their similarity with human AD is essential. OBJECTIVE To compare six different exogenous-agent-induced AD mouse models and find out the optimum models for study. METHODS Female BALB/c mice underwent induction of AD-like dermatitis by MC903 alone or in combination with ovalbumin (OVA), dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) alone or in combination with OVA, OVA alone, or Staphylococcus aureus. Gross phenotype, total immunoglobulin E (IgE) level, histopathological manifestations, and skin lesion transcriptome were analyzed, and metagenomic sequencing of the gut microbiome was performed. RESULTS The DNFB plus OVA model showed the highest disease severity, while the OVA model showed the lowest severity. The MC903 and MC903 plus OVA models showed high expression of T-helper (Th)2- and Th17-related genes; the DNFB and DNFB plus OVA models showed upregulation of Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-related genes; while the S. aureus inoculation model showed more enhanced Th1 and Th17 immune responses. In contrast to the other models, the OVA-induced model showed the lowest expression levels of inflammation-related genes, while the MC903 model shared the largest overlap with human AD profiles. The intestinal microbiota of all groups showed significant differences after modeling. CONCLUSION Each AD mouse model exhibited different characteristics. The MC903 model was the best to recapitulate most features of human AD among these exogenous-agent-induced AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaokai Fang
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Beilei Xu
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwen Gao
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Yao
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Duque-Wilckens N, Maradiaga N, Szu-Ying Y, Joseph D, Srinavasan V, Thelen K, Sotomayor F, Durga K, Nestler E, Moeser AJ, Robison AJ. Activity-dependent FosB gene expression negatively regulates mast cell functions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.06.592755. [PMID: 38766119 PMCID: PMC11100602 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells are innate immune cells that play a crucial role in numerous physiological processes across tissues by releasing pre-stored and newly synthesized mediators in response to stimuli, an activity largely driven by changes in gene expression. Given their widespread influence, dysfunction in mast cells can contribute to a variety of pathologies including allergies, long COVID, and autoimmune and neuroinflammatory disorders. Despite this, the specific transcriptional mechanisms that control mast cell mediator release remain poorly understood, significantly hindering the development of effective therapeutic strategies. We found that the two proteins encoded by the transcription factor FosB, FOSB and the highly stable variant ΔFOSB, are robustly expressed upon stimulation in both murine and human mast cell progenitors. Motivated by these findings, we generated a novel mouse model with targeted ablation of FosB gene expression specifically in mast cells (MC FosB- ) by crossing a mast cell-specific Cre reporter line (Mcpt5-Cre) with a Cre-dependent floxed FosB mouse lines. We found that mast cell progenitors derived from MC FosB- mice, compared to wild types (WT), exhibit baseline increased histamine content and vesicle numbers. Additionally, they show enhanced calcium mobilization, degranulation, and histamine release following allergy-related IgE-mediated stimulation, along with heightened IL-6 release in response to infection-like LPS stimulation. In vivo experiments with IgE- mediated and LPS challenges revealed that MC FosB- mice experience greater drops in body temperature, heightened activation of tissue-resident mast cells, and increased release of pro-inflammatory mediators compared to their WT counterparts. These findings suggest that FosB products play a crucial regulatory role in moderating stimulus-induced mast cell activation in response to both IgE and LPS stimuli. Lastly, by integrating CUT&RUN and RNAseq data, we identified several genes targeted by ΔFOSB that could mediate these observed effects, including Mir155hg, CLCF1, DUSP4, and Trib1. Together, this study provides the first evidence that FOSB/ΔFOSB modulate mast cell functions and provides a new possible target for therapeutic interventions aimed at ameliorating mast cell-related diseases.
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4
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Lee J, Mannan AA, Miyano T, Irvine AD, Tanaka RJ. In Silico Elucidation of Key Drivers of Staphyloccocus aureus- Staphyloccocus epidermidis-Induced Skin Damage in Atopic Dermatitis Lesions. JID INNOVATIONS 2024; 4:100269. [PMID: 38766490 PMCID: PMC11101946 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2024.100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) colonizes and can damage skin in atopic dermatitis lesions, despite being commonly found with Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE), a commensal that can inhibit SA's virulence and kill SA. In this study, we developed an in silico model, termed a virtual skin site, describing the dynamic interplay between SA, SE, and the skin barrier in atopic dermatitis lesions to investigate the mechanisms driving skin damage by SA and SE. We generated 106 virtual skin sites by varying model parameters to represent different skin physiologies and bacterial properties. In silico analysis revealed that virtual skin sites with no skin damage in the model were characterized by parameters representing stronger SA and SE growth attenuation than those with skin damage. This inspired an in silico treatment strategy combining SA-killing with an enhanced SA-SE growth attenuation, which was found through simulations to recover many more damaged virtual skin sites to a non-damaged state, compared with SA-killing alone. This study demonstrates that in silico modelling can help elucidate the key factors driving skin damage caused by SA-SE colonization in atopic dermatitis lesions and help propose strategies to control it, which we envision will contribute to the design of promising treatments for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad A. Mannan
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Takuya Miyano
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan D. Irvine
- Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Reiko J. Tanaka
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kawano S, Noda C, Itoh S, Urabe A, Fujii C, Ogawa I, Suzuki R, Hida S. Staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 3 triggers murine mast cell adhesion by binding to CD43 and augments mast cell activation. Genes Cells 2024; 29:397-416. [PMID: 38454012 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a noteworthy pathogen in allergic diseases, as four staphylococcal exotoxins activate mast cells, a significant contributor to inflammation, in an IgE-independent manner. Although the adhesion of mast cells is an essential process for their immune responses, only a small number of exotoxins have been reported to affect the process. Here, we demonstrated that staphylococcal superantigen-like (SSL) 3, previously identified as a toll-like receptor 2 agonist, induced the adhesion of murine bone marrow-derived mast cells to culture substratum. SSL3-induced adhesion was mediated by fibronectin in an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence-dependent manner, suggesting the integrins were involved in the process. Additionally, SSL3 was found to bind to an anti-adhesive surface protein CD43. SSL3 induced the adhesion of HEK293 cells expressing exogenous CD43, suggesting that CD43 is the target molecule for adhesion induced by SSL3. Evaluation of SSL3-derived mutants showed that the C-terminal region (253-326), specifically T285 and H307, are necessary to induce adhesion. SSL3 augmented the IL-13 production of mast cells in response to immunocomplex and SSL12. These findings reveal a novel function of SSL3, triggering cell adhesion and enhancing mast cell activation. This study would clarify the correlation between S. aureus and allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Kawano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Chisaki Noda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Saotomo Itoh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Ayaka Urabe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Chifumi Fujii
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
- Center for Medical Education and Clinical Training, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
| | - Isamu Ogawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Hida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
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6
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Saheb Kashaf S, Kong HH. Adding Fuel to the Fire? The Skin Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:969-977. [PMID: 38530677 PMCID: PMC11034722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial, heterogeneous disease characterized by epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune system dysregulation, and skin microbiome alterations. Skin microbiome studies in AD have demonstrated that disease flares are associated with microbial shifts, particularly Staphylococcus aureus predominance. AD-associated S. aureus strains differ from those in healthy individuals across various genomic loci, including virulence factors, adhesion proteins, and proinflammatory molecules-which may contribute to complex microbiome barrier-immune system interactions in AD. Different microbially based treatments for AD have been explored, and their future therapeutic successes will depend on a deeper understanding of the potential microbial contributions to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saheb Kashaf
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Heidi H Kong
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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7
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Wang X, Lee JC. Staphylococcus aureus membrane vesicles: an evolving story. Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00088-X. [PMID: 38677977 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important bacterial pathogen that causes a wide variety of human diseases in community and hospital settings. S. aureus employs a diverse array of virulence factors, both surface-associated and secreted, to promote colonization, infection, and immune evasion. Over the past decade, a growing body of research has shown that S. aureus generates extracellular membrane vesicles (MVs) that package a variety of bacterial components, many of which are virulence factors. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of S. aureus MVs and highlight their biogenesis, cargo, and potential role in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections. Lastly, we present some emerging questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jean C Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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8
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Clowry J, Dempsey DJ, Claxton TJ, Towell AM, Turley MB, Sutton M, Geoghegan JA, Kezic S, Jakasa I, White A, Irvine AD, McLoughlin RM. Distinct T cell signatures are associated with Staphylococcus aureus skin infection in pediatric atopic dermatitis. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e178789. [PMID: 38716729 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.178789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition with a childhood prevalence of up to 25%. Microbial dysbiosis is characteristic of AD, with Staphylococcus aureus the most frequent pathogen associated with disease flares and increasingly implicated in disease pathogenesis. Therapeutics to mitigate the effects of S. aureus have had limited efficacy and S. aureus-associated temporal disease flares are synonymous with AD. An alternative approach is an anti-S. aureus vaccine, tailored to AD. Experimental vaccines have highlighted the importance of T cells in conferring protective anti-S. aureus responses; however, correlates of T cell immunity against S. aureus in AD have not been identified. We identify a systemic and cutaneous immunological signature associated with S. aureus skin infection (ADS.aureus) in a pediatric AD cohort, using a combined Bayesian multinomial analysis. ADS.aureus was most highly associated with elevated cutaneous chemokines IP10 and TARC, which preferentially direct Th1 and Th2 cells to skin. Systemic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, except for Th2 cells, were suppressed in ADS.aureus, particularly circulating Th1, memory IL-10+ T cells, and skin-homing memory Th17 cells. Systemic γδ T cell expansion in ADS.aureus was also observed. This study suggests that augmentation of protective T cell subsets is a potential therapeutic strategy in the management of S. aureus in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Clowry
- Department of Dermatology, National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Dempsey
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tracey J Claxton
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling M Towell
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary B Turley
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Sutton
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joan A Geoghegan
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sanja Kezic
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ivone Jakasa
- Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Arthur White
- School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan D Irvine
- Department of Dermatology, National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel M McLoughlin
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Yamaguchi J, Manome T, Hara Y, Yamazaki Y, Nakamura Y, Ishibashi M, Takaya A. Physalin H, physalin B, and isophysalin B suppress the quorum-sensing function of Staphylococcus aureus by binding to AgrA. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1365815. [PMID: 38659576 PMCID: PMC11039898 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1365815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The virulence of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), depends on the expression of toxins and virulence factors controlled by the quorum-sensing (QS) system, encoded on the virulence accessory gene regulator (agr) locus. The aim of this study was to identify a phytochemical that inhibits Agr-QS function and to elucidate its mechanism. We screened 577 compounds and identified physalin H, physalin B, and isophysalin B--phytochemicals belonging to physalins found in plants of the Solanaceae family--as novel Agr-QS modulators. Biological analyses and in vitro protein-DNA binding assays suggested that these physalins suppress gene expression related to the Agr-QS system by inhibiting binding of the key response regulator AgrA to the agr promoters, reducing the function of hemolytic toxins downstream of these genes in MRSA. Furthermore, although physalin F suppressed gene expression in the Agr-QS system, its anti-hemolytic activity was lower than that of physalins H, B, and isophysalin B. Conversely, five physalins isolated from the same plant with the ability to suppress Agr-QS did not reduce bacterial Agr-QS activity but inhibited AgrA binding to DNA in vitro. A docking simulation revealed that physalin interacts with the DNA-binding site of AgrA in three docking states. The carbonyl oxygens at C-1 and C-18 of physalins, which can suppress Agr-QS, were directed to residues N201 and R198 of AgrA, respectively, whereas these carbonyl oxygens of physalins, without Agr-QS suppression activity, were oriented in different directions. Next, 100-ns molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the hydrogen bond formed between the carbonyl oxygen at C-15 of physalins and L186 of AgrA functions as an anchor, sustaining the interaction between the carbonyl oxygen at C-1 of physalins and N201 of AgrA. Thus, these results suggest that physalin H, physalin B, and isophysalin B inhibit the interaction of AgrA with the agr promoters by binding to the DNA-binding site of AgrA, suppressing the Agr-QS function of S. aureus. Physalins that suppress the Agr-QS function are proposed as potential lead compounds in the anti-virulence strategy for MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Yamaguchi
- Department of Infection Control Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Manome
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Hara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuriko Yamazaki
- Cutaneous Allergy and Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuumi Nakamura
- Cutaneous Allergy and Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masami Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Takaya
- Department of Infection Control Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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10
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Mohammad S, Karim MR, Iqbal S, Lee JH, Mathiyalagan R, Kim YJ, Yang DU, Yang DC. Atopic dermatitis: Pathophysiology, microbiota, and metabolome - A comprehensive review. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127595. [PMID: 38218095 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin condition that commonly occurs in children. Genetics, environment, and defects in the skin barrier are only a few of the factors that influence how the disease develops. As human microbiota research has advanced, more scientific evidence has shown the critical involvement of the gut and skin bacteria in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Microbiome dysbiosis, defined by changed diversity and composition, as well as the development of pathobionts, has been identified as a potential cause for recurring episodes of atopic dermatitis. Gut dysbiosis causes "leaky gut syndrome" by disrupting the epithelial lining of the gut, which allows bacteria and other endotoxins to enter the bloodstream and cause inflammation. The same is true for the disruption of cutaneous homeostasis caused by skin dysbiosis, which enables bacteria and other pathogens to reach deeper skin layers or even systemic circulation, resulting in inflammation. Furthermore, it is now recognized that the gut and skin microbiota releases both beneficial and toxic metabolites. Here, this review covers a range of topics related to AD, including its pathophysiology, the microbiota-AD connection, commonly used treatments, and the significance of metabolomics in AD prevention, treatment, and management, recognizing its potential in providing valuable insights into the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Mohammad
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Rezaul Karim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Safia Iqbal
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Varendra Institute of Biosciences, Affiliated by Rajshahi University, Natore, Rajshahi 6400, Bangladesh
| | - Jung Hyeok Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Sadrolashrafi K, Guo L, Kikuchi R, Hao A, Yamamoto RK, Tolson HC, Bilimoria SN, Yee DK, Armstrong AW. An OX-Tra'Ordinary Tale: The Role of OX40 and OX40L in Atopic Dermatitis. Cells 2024; 13:587. [PMID: 38607026 PMCID: PMC11011471 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane glycoprotein OX40 receptor (OX40) and its ligand, OX40L, are instrumental modulators of the adaptive immune response in humans. OX40 functions as a costimulatory molecule that promotes T cell activation, differentiation, and survival through ligation with OX40L. T cells play an integral role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis (AD). In particular, T helper 2 (TH2) cells strongly contribute to AD pathogenesis via the production of cytokines associated with type 2 inflammation (e.g., IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-31) that lead to skin barrier dysfunction and pruritus. The OX40-OX40L interaction also promotes the activation and proliferation of other T helper cell populations (e.g., TH1, TH22, and TH17), and AD patients have demonstrated higher levels of OX40 expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells than healthy controls. As such, the OX40-OX40L pathway is a potential target for AD treatment. Novel therapies targeting the OX40 pathway are currently in development, several of which have demonstrated promising safety and efficacy results in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. Herein, we review the function of OX40 and the OX40-OX40L signaling pathway, their role in AD pathogenesis, and emerging therapies targeting OX40-OX40L that may offer insights into the future of AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - April W. Armstrong
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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12
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Piewngam P, Otto M. Staphylococcus aureus colonisation and strategies for decolonisation. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024:S2666-5247(24)00040-5. [PMID: 38518792 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(24)00040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of death by infectious diseases worldwide. Treatment of S aureus infections is difficult due to widespread antibiotic resistance, necessitating alternative approaches and measures for prevention of infection. Because S aureus infections commonly arise from asymptomatic colonisation, decolonisation is considered a key approach for their prevention. Current decolonisation procedures include antibiotic-based and antiseptic-based eradication of S aureus from the nose and skin. However, despite the widespread implementation and partial success of such measures, S aureus infection rates remain worrisome, and resistance to decolonisation agents is on the rise. In this Review we outline the epidemiology and mechanisms of S aureus colonisation, describe how colonisation underlies infection, and discuss current and novel approaches for S aureus decolonisation, with a focus on the latest findings on probiotic strategies and the intestinal S aureus colonisation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pipat Piewngam
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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13
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Wu J, Li L, Zhang T, Lu J, Tai Z, Zhu Q, Chen Z. The epidermal lipid-microbiome loop and immunity: Important players in atopic dermatitis. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00088-2. [PMID: 38460775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The promotion of epidermal barrier dysfunction is attributed to abnormalities in the lipid-microbiome positive feedback loop which significantly influences the imbalance of the epithelial immune microenvironment (EIME) in atopic dermatitis (AD). This imbalance encompasses impaired lamellar membrane integrity, heightened exposure to epidermal pathogens, and the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. The lipid-microbiome loop is substantially influenced by intense adaptive immunity which is triggered by abnormal loop activity and affects the loop's integrity through the induction of atypical lipid composition and responses to dysregulated epidermal microbes. Immune responses participate in lipid abnormalities within the EIME by downregulating barrier gene expression and are further cascade-amplified by microbial dysregulation which is instigated by barrier impairment. AIM OF REVIEW This review examines the relationship between abnormal lipid composition, microbiome disturbances, and immune responses in AD while progressively substantiating the crosstalk mechanism among these factors. Based on this analysis, the "lipid-microbiome" positive feedback loop, regulated by immune responses, is proposed. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The review delves into the impact of adaptive immune responses that regulate the EIME, driving AD, and investigates potential mechanisms by which lipid supplementation and probiotics may alleviate AD through the up-regulation of the epidermal barrier and modulation of immune signaling. This exploration offers support for targeting the EIME to attenuate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Wu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Lisha Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Tingrui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Jiaye Lu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China.
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14
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Yang Y, Huang J, Zeng A, Long X, Yu N, Wang X. The role of the skin microbiome in wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkad059. [PMID: 38444635 PMCID: PMC10914219 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The efficient management of skin wounds for rapid and scarless healing represents a major clinical unmet need. Nonhealing skin wounds and undesired scar formation impair quality of life and result in high healthcare expenditure worldwide. The skin-colonizing microbiota contributes to maintaining an intact skin barrier in homeostasis, but it also participates in the pathogenesis of many skin disorders, including aberrant wound healing, in many respects. This review focuses on the composition of the skin microbiome in cutaneous wounds of different types (i.e. acute and chronic) and with different outcomes (i.e. nonhealing and hypertrophic scarring), mainly based on next-generation sequencing analyses; furthermore, we discuss the mechanistic insights into host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions during wound healing. Finally, we highlight potential therapeutic strategies that target the skin microbiome to improve healing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiuzuo Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ang Zeng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiao Long
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Nanze Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
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15
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Yamazaki Y, Ito T, Tamai M, Nakagawa S, Nakamura Y. The role of Staphylococcus aureus quorum sensing in cutaneous and systemic infections. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:9. [PMID: 38429810 PMCID: PMC10905890 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of human bacterial infections worldwide. It is the most common causative agent of skin and soft tissue infections, and can also cause various other infections, including pneumonia, osteomyelitis, as well as life-threatening infections, such as sepsis and infective endocarditis. The pathogen can also asymptomatically colonize human skin, nasal cavity, and the intestine. S. aureus colonizes approximately 20-30% of human nostrils, being an opportunistic pathogen for subsequent infection. Its strong ability to silently spread via human contact makes it difficult to eradicate S. aureus. A major concern with S. aureus is its capacity to develop antibiotic resistance and adapt to diverse environmental conditions. The variability in the accessory gene regulator (Agr) region of the genome contributes to a spectrum of phenotypes within the bacterial population, enhancing the likelihood of survival in different environments. Agr functions as a central quorum sensing (QS) system in S. aureus, allowing bacteria to adjust gene expression in response to population density. Depending on Agr expression, S. aureus secretes various toxins, contributing to virulence in infectious diseases. Paradoxically, expressing Agr may be disadvantageous in certain situations, such as in hospitals, causing S. aureus to generate Agr mutants responsible for infections in healthcare settings. MAIN BODY This review aims to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms governing the diverse phenotypes of S. aureus, ranging from a harmless colonizer to an organism capable of infecting various human organs. Emphasis will be placed on QS and its role in orchestrating S. aureus behavior across different contexts. SHORT CONCLUSION The pathophysiology of S. aureus infection is substantially influenced by phenotypic changes resulting from factors beyond Agr. Future studies are expected to give the comprehensive understanding of S. aureus overall profile in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Yamazaki
- Cutaneous Allergy and Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka, University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoka Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tamai
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seitaro Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuumi Nakamura
- Cutaneous Allergy and Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka, University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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16
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Pareek A, Kumari L, Pareek A, Chaudhary S, Ratan Y, Janmeda P, Chuturgoon S, Chuturgoon A. Unraveling Atopic Dermatitis: Insights into Pathophysiology, Therapeutic Advances, and Future Perspectives. Cells 2024; 13:425. [PMID: 38474389 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition that frequently develops before the onset of allergic rhinitis or asthma. More than 10% of children are affected by this serious skin condition, which is painful for the sufferers. Recent research has connected the environment, genetics, the skin barrier, drugs, psychological factors, and the immune system to the onset and severity of AD. The causes and consequences of AD and its cellular and molecular origins are reviewed in this paper. The exploration of interleukins and their influence on the immunological pathway in AD has been facilitated by using relevant biomarkers in clinical trials. This approach enables the identification of novel therapeutic modalities, fostering the potential for targeted translational research within the realm of personalized medicine. This review focuses on AD's pathophysiology and the ever-changing therapeutic landscape. Beyond the plethora of biologic medications in various stages of approval or development, a range of non-biologic targeted therapies, specifically small molecules, have emerged. These include Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors like Baricitinib, Upadacitinib, and Abrocitinib, thus expanding the spectrum of therapeutic options. This review also addresses the latest clinical efficacy data and elucidates the scientific rationale behind each targeted treatment for atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Lipika Kumari
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Aaushi Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Simran Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Yashumati Ratan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Pracheta Janmeda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, India
| | - Sanam Chuturgoon
- Northdale Hospital, Department of Health, Pietermaritzburg 3200, South Africa
| | - Anil Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
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17
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Köksal Karayildirim Ç, Şahiner A, Çalişkan S, Soylu FE, Gökhan A, Eroğlu E, Uyanikgil Y, Karayildirim T. Isolation, Identification, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Secondary Metabolite from Serratia marcescens via an In Vivo Epicutaneous Infection Model. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8397-8404. [PMID: 38405438 PMCID: PMC10882681 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Microbial secondary metabolites, which play a pivotal role in struggling with infectious diseases, are the new source for controlling bacterial contaminations and possess a strong antimicrobial potential. The present study is designed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo bactericidal activities of prodigiosin against Staphylococcus aureus. For this purpose, Serratia marcescens was used to produce prodigiosin. Characterization of the prodigiosin was carried out using NMR. In addition, bioautographic detection of prodigiosin was detected by TLC. Antibacterial assays, in vivo epicutaneous infection tests, swap analyses, and histopathological examinations were determined. The results revealed that prodigiosin was detected by NMR and TLC. According to antimicrobial susceptibility tests, prodigiosin is an efficient bactericidal compound that demonstrated strong antibacterial activity toward S. aureus. In vivo, animal studies determined that the strong inhibition of S. aureus-caused epidermal infection occurs by prodigiosin at 48 h. Histopathological results showed that S. aureus + prodigiosin skin sections consist of improved and healthy tissues without any infection area compared with the S. aureus and control groups. The in vivo study verified the antibacterial results with swap analyses, and histopathological findings showed that prodigiosin is a promising microbial metabolite effective against S. aureus infection. This study proved that prodigiosin with excellent bioactivity exhibited antibacterial properties, which might possess massive potential for new therapeutic approaches using micro-organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çinel Köksal Karayildirim
- Department
of Biology, Science Faculty, Ege University, İzmir 35100, Turkey
- Laboratory
Animals Research Center, Ege University, İzmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Aslı Şahiner
- Department
of Biology, Science Faculty, Ege University, İzmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Sennur Çalişkan
- Department
of Biology, Science Faculty, Ege University, İzmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Fahri Emrah Soylu
- Laboratory
Animals Research Center, Ege University, İzmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Aylin Gökhan
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Ebru Eroğlu
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Yiğit Uyanikgil
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Tamer Karayildirim
- Department
of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
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18
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Zhang XE, Zheng P, Ye SZ, Ma X, Liu E, Pang YB, He QY, Zhang YX, Li WQ, Zeng JH, Guo J. Microbiome: Role in Inflammatory Skin Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1057-1082. [PMID: 38375021 PMCID: PMC10876011 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s441100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
As the body's largest organ, the skin harbors a highly diverse microbiota, playing a crucial role in resisting foreign pathogens, nurturing the immune system, and metabolizing natural products. The dysregulation of human skin microbiota is implicated in immune dysregulation and inflammatory responses. This review delineates the microbial alterations and immune dysregulation features in common Inflammatory Skin Diseases (ISDs) such as psoriasis, rosacea, atopic dermatitis(AD), seborrheic dermatitis(SD), diaper dermatitis(DD), and Malassezia folliculitis(MF).The skin microbiota, a complex and evolving community, undergoes changes in composition and function that can compromise the skin microbial barrier. These alterations induce water loss and abnormal lipid metabolism, contributing to the onset of ISDs. Additionally, microorganisms release toxins, like Staphylococcus aureus secreted α toxins and proteases, which may dissolve the stratum corneum, impairing skin barrier function and allowing entry into the bloodstream. Microbes entering the bloodstream activate molecular signals, leading to immune disorders and subsequent skin inflammatory responses. For instance, Malassezia stimulates dendritic cells(DCs) to release IL-12 and IL-23, differentiating into a Th17 cell population and producing proinflammatory mediators such as IL-17, IL-22, TNF-α, and IFN-α.This review offers new insights into the role of the human skin microbiota in ISDs, paving the way for future skin microbiome-specific targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Er Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pai Zheng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Zhen Ye
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - E Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao-Bin Pang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Ying He
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiao Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Quan Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610072, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Kline SN, Orlando NA, Lee AJ, Wu MJ, Zhang J, Youn C, Feller LE, Pontaza C, Dikeman D, Limjunyawong N, Williams KL, Wang Y, Cihakova D, Jacobsen EA, Durum SK, Garza LA, Dong X, Archer NK. Staphylococcus aureus proteases trigger eosinophil-mediated skin inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309243121. [PMID: 38289950 PMCID: PMC10861893 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309243121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization and eosinophil infiltration are associated with many inflammatory skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid, Netherton's syndrome, and prurigo nodularis. However, whether there is a relationship between S. aureus and eosinophils and how this interaction influences skin inflammation is largely undefined. We show in a preclinical mouse model that S. aureus epicutaneous exposure induced eosinophil-recruiting chemokines and eosinophil infiltration into the skin. Remarkably, we found that eosinophils had a comparable contribution to the skin inflammation as T cells, in a manner dependent on eosinophil-derived IL-17A and IL-17F production. Importantly, IL-36R signaling induced CCL7-mediated eosinophil recruitment to the inflamed skin. Last, S. aureus proteases induced IL-36α expression in keratinocytes, which promoted infiltration of IL-17-producing eosinophils. Collectively, we uncovered a mechanism for S. aureus proteases to trigger eosinophil-mediated skin inflammation, which has implications in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina N. Kline
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Nicholas A. Orlando
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Alex J. Lee
- Department of Oncology, Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Meng-Jen Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Christine Youn
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Laine E. Feller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Cristina Pontaza
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Dustin Dikeman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Nathachit Limjunyawong
- Center of Research Excellence in Allergy and Immunology, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok10700, Thailand
| | - Kaitlin L. Williams
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Daniela Cihakova
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Elizabeth A. Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ85259
| | - Scott K. Durum
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD21702
| | - Luis A. Garza
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- HHMI, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Nathan K. Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
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20
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Shimamura Y, Oura Y, Tsuchiya M, Yamanashi Y, Ogasawara A, Oishi M, Komuro M, Sasaki K, Masuda S. Slightly acidic electrolyzed water inhibits inflammation induced by membrane vesicles of Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1328055. [PMID: 38282743 PMCID: PMC10811074 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1328055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus grows in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis and the associated symptoms are induced by membrane vesicles (MVs). This study explored the effects of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on the expression of virulence factors of S. aureus and MV-induced inflammation to uncover the potential of SAEW as a new treatment method for atopic dermatitis. Expression levels of genes related to virulence factors in S. aureus was assessed and S. aureus-derived MVs were characterized. Moreover, expression level of MV-induced Type I allergic reaction-related genes in RBL2H3 cells was also assessed. Significantly decreased staphylococcal enterotoxin A production and decreased virulence factor-related gene expression were observed after culturing S. aureus in broth supplemented with SAEW at ratios of 1, 2, and 5 per broth. MVs prepared by culturing S. aureus in SAEW-supplemented broth exhibited altered particle size and markedly reduced staphylococcal enterotoxin A content under all addition conditions; moreover, those obtained at a ratio of 1:5 (broth:SAEW) exhibited a reduction in the expression of several proteins associated with hemolytic activity and free iron uptake. The MVs prepared in SAEW-supplemented broth also exhibited remarkably reduced allergy-related gene expression levels in rat cell lines derived from basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells. Overall, SAEW is expected to suppress atopic dermatitis symptoms through the alteration of the properties of S. aureus-derived MVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Shimamura
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yukino Oura
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Madoka Tsuchiya
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamanashi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Asako Ogasawara
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Minami Oishi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Misaki Komuro
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Sasaki
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Masuda
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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21
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Wilkie H, Das M, Pelovitz T, Bainter W, Woods B, Alasharee M, Sobh A, Baris S, Eltan SB, Al-Herz W, Barbouche MR, Ben-Mustapha I, Ben-Ali M, Sallam MTH, Awad A, Lotfy S, El Marsafy A, Ezzelarab M, Farrar M, Schmidt BAR, NandyMazumdar M, Guttman-Yassky E, Sheets A, Vidic KM, Murphy G, Schlievert PM, Chou J, Leyva-Castillo JM, Janssen E, Timilshina M, Geha RS. Regulatory T-cell dysfunction and cutaneous exposure to Staphylococcus aureus underlie eczema in DOCK8 deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00005-8. [PMID: 38185418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8)-deficient patients have severe eczema, elevated IgE, and eosinophilia, features of atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE We sought to understand the mechanisms of eczema in DOCK8 deficiency. METHODS Skin biopsy samples were characterized by histology, immunofluorescence microscopy, and gene expression. Skin barrier function was measured by transepidermal water loss. Allergic skin inflammation was elicited in mice by epicutaneous sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA) or cutaneous application of Staphylococcus aureus. RESULTS Skin lesions of DOCK8-deficient patients exhibited type 2 inflammation, and the patients' skin was colonized by Saureus, as in AD. Unlike in AD, DOCK8-deficient patients had a reduced FOXP3:CD4 ratio in their skin lesions, and their skin barrier function was intrinsically intact. Dock8-/- mice exhibited reduced numbers of cutaneous T regulatory (Treg) cells and a normal skin barrier. Dock8-/- and mice with an inducible Dock8 deletion in Treg cells exhibited increased allergic skin inflammation after epicutaneous sensitization with OVA. DOCK8 was shown to be important for Treg cell stability at sites of allergic inflammation and for the generation, survival, and suppressive activity of inducible Treg cells. Adoptive transfer of wild-type, but not DOCK8-deficient, OVA-specific, inducible Treg cells suppressed allergic inflammation in OVA-sensitized skin of Dock8-/- mice. These mice developed severe allergic skin inflammation and elevated serum IgE levels after topical exposure to Saureus. Both were attenuated after adoptive transfer of WT but not DOCK8-deficient Treg cells. CONCLUSION Treg cell dysfunction increases susceptibility to allergic skin inflammation in DOCK8 deficiency and synergizes with cutaneous exposure to Saureus to drive eczema in DOCK8 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Wilkie
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Mrinmoy Das
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Tyler Pelovitz
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Wayne Bainter
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Brian Woods
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Mohammed Alasharee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Ali Sobh
- Department of Pediatrics, Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Safa Baris
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Bilgic Eltan
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Waleed Al-Herz
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Al-Sabah Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Imen Ben-Mustapha
- Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis and University Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Ben-Ali
- Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis and University Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed T H Sallam
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany Awad
- Dermatology, Andrology, and STDs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sohilla Lotfy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aisha El Marsafy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moushira Ezzelarab
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Michael Farrar
- Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Brigitta A R Schmidt
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Monali NandyMazumdar
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Anthony Sheets
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Katie Maria Vidic
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - George Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Patrick M Schlievert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Janet Chou
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Juan Manuel Leyva-Castillo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Erin Janssen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Maheshwor Timilshina
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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22
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Jiang JH, Cameron DR, Nethercott C, Aires-de-Sousa M, Peleg AY. Virulence attributes of successful methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lineages. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0014822. [PMID: 37982596 PMCID: PMC10732075 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00148-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of severe and often fatal infections. MRSA epidemics have occurred in waves, whereby a previously successful lineage has been replaced by a more fit and better adapted lineage. Selection pressures in both hospital and community settings are not uniform across the globe, which has resulted in geographically distinct epidemiology. This review focuses on the mechanisms that trigger the establishment and maintenance of current, dominant MRSA lineages across the globe. While the important role of antibiotic resistance will be mentioned throughout, factors which influence the capacity of S. aureus to colonize and cause disease within a host will be the primary focus of this review. We show that while MRSA possesses a diverse arsenal of toxins including alpha-toxin, the success of a lineage involves more than just producing toxins that damage the host. Success is often attributed to the acquisition or loss of genetic elements involved in colonization and niche adaptation such as the arginine catabolic mobile element, as well as the activity of regulatory systems, and shift metabolism accordingly (e.g., the accessory genome regulator, agr). Understanding exactly how specific MRSA clones cause prolonged epidemics may reveal targets for therapies, whereby both core (e.g., the alpha toxin) and acquired virulence factors (e.g., the Panton-Valentine leukocidin) may be nullified using anti-virulence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Hang Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David R. Cameron
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cara Nethercott
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marta Aires-de-Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institutode Tecnologia Químicae Biológica António Xavier (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa-Lisboa (ESSCVP-Lisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anton Y. Peleg
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Li H, Jia M, Qi Q, Wang Q. Engineered probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum WCSF I for monitoring and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0182923. [PMID: 37909791 PMCID: PMC10848683 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01829-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Bacterial infection and the emergence of drug-resistant strains are major problems in clinical treatment. Staphylococcus aureus, which typically infects the skin and blood of animals, is also a potential intestinal pathogen that needs to be addressed by the emergence of a new treatment approach. Probiotic therapy is the most likely alternative to antibiotic therapy to solve the problem of bacterial drug resistance in clinical practice. In this study, the engineered Lactobacillus plantarum can not only sense the signal AIP to detect S. aureus but also kill S. aureus by secreting the lysostaphin enzyme. Our strategy employed an Agr quorum-sensing genetic circuit to simultaneously detect and treat pathogenic bacteria, which provided a theoretical possibility for solving practical clinical bacterial infection cases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Minjun Jia
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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24
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Zhou Y, Xu X, Liu Y, Wang A, Luo Y, Liu X, Wang X, Li W, Yao X. Heterogeneous Regulation of StaphylococcusAureus by Different StaphylococcusEpidermidisagr Types in Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2484-2493.e11. [PMID: 37271450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The skin commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis exhibits a protective role in skin inflammation; however, the exact functions of S. epidermidis and their mechanisms in atopic dermatitis (AD) are not fully understood. Here, whole-genome sequencing was conducted on strains of S. epidermidis isolated from pediatric patients with AD and revealed significant strain-level heterogeneity in functional genes. Specific sequence analysis of S. epidermidis identified four types of accessory gene regulator (agr) according to locus variations in the agr operon, which was consistent with the metagenomic data of the contextual microbiota. The number of S. epidermidisagr type I was slightly decreased among AD isolates, whereas agr type IV was hardly detected in AD isolates. Functional experiments showed that strains of S. epidermidisagr types I and IV, but not types II and III, inhibited the expression of S. aureusagr-mediated virulence factors in vitro, suppressed S. aureus epidermal colonization, and attenuated skin inflammation in a mouse model. The delineation of genome signatures of S. epidermidis at the strain level in AD and the quorum-sensing interference between S. epidermidisagr type IV and S. aureus provide a foundation for the modulation of the skin microbiota and the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- 01 Life Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaokai Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Yao
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
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25
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Chua C, Sethi R, Ong J, Low JH, Yew YW, Tay A, Howland SW, Ginhoux F, Chen J, Common JEA, Andiappan AK. Late inflammatory monocytes define circulatory immune dysregulation observed in skin microbiome-stratified atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 112:158-161. [PMID: 37989666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Celine Chua
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(⁎)STAR), Singapore
| | - Raman Sethi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(⁎)STAR), Singapore
| | - Jocelyn Ong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(⁎)STAR), Singapore
| | - Jing Hui Low
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(⁎)STAR), Singapore
| | - Yik W Yew
- National Skin Centre, Research Division, Singapore
| | - Alicia Tay
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(⁎)STAR), Singapore
| | - Shanshan W Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(⁎)STAR), Singapore
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(⁎)STAR), Singapore; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-National University of Singapore Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(⁎)STAR), Singapore
| | - John E A Common
- A(⁎)STAR Skin Research Labs (A(⁎)SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(⁎)STAR), Singapore; Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Singapore.
| | - Anand K Andiappan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(⁎)STAR), Singapore.
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26
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Deng WY, Chen WJ, Zhong HJ, Wu LH, He XX. Washed microbiota transplantation: a case report of clinical success with skin and gut microbiota improvement in an adolescent boy with atopic dermatitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275427. [PMID: 38035082 PMCID: PMC10684772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory disease characterized by itching. The gut microbiome can help maintain skin immune homeostasis by regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we report a case of AD in a 15-year-old adolescent boy who benefited from washed microbiota transplantation (WMT). WMT was performed for three courses, with each course lasting for three consecutive days and an interval of one month between two courses. Clinical assessments were conducted at each WMT course, and skin, blood, and stool samples were collected for microbial analysis. After three months of WMT treatment, the boy's itchiness was effectively controlled: his skin showed noticeable improvement, with reduced Staphylococcus aureus in the skin lesions. The scores of SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis), EASI (Eczema Area and Severity Index), NRS (Numerical Rating Scale), and DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) significantly decreased compared to the baseline. Serum levels of eosinophil ratio, tumor necrotic factor-α, and interleukin-6 also reduced to the normal levels. There was a significant decrease in S. aureus in the skin lesions. Additionally, the intestinal flora became more diverse, and the abundance of Bifidobacterium species, significantly increased after WMT. No adverse events were reported during the treatment and the 1-year follow-up period. This case report provides direct clinical evidence for WMT as a novel promising treatment strategy for AD, and preliminary experimental data suggests the existence of an intestinal-skin axis in terms of the gut microbiota and the skin immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ying Deng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Jie Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Xiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Inoue T, Watabe D, Akasaka K, Sasaki T, Sasahara Y, Amano H. Refractory atopic dermatitis in a child with hypomorphic mutation in XIAP gene and low serum IgG. J Dermatol 2023; 50:e363-e365. [PMID: 37334779 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Department of Dermatology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Daisuke Watabe
- Department of Dermatology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Akasaka
- Department of Dermatology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Morioka Medical Center, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yoji Sasahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroo Amano
- Department of Dermatology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
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28
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Zhang Y, Gu H, Ye Y, Li Y, Gao X, Ken K, Huang X, Gao W, Chen H, Huang J, Wang L, Yan W. Trajectory of stratum corneum lipid subclasses in the first year of life and associations with atopic dermatitis: A prospective cohort study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e14045. [PMID: 38010004 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trajectories of stratum corneum (SC) lipid subclasses and their associations with infant atopic dermatitis (AD) are unclear. This study aimed to quantify the trajectories of 15 SC subclasses and carbon chain lengths and their associations with AD within 12 months. METHODS In total, 213 newborns were enrolled at birth with nonlesional skin samples collected from the inner forearm at birth, 42 days, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Lesional skin samples were collected from 120 AD patients at clinic with the disease onset within the first year of life. Mass spectrometry was applied to assess relative contents of 12 ceramide (CER), three free fatty acid (FFA) subclasses, and average carbon chain length (CCL). AD incident within 1 year old was diagnosed by dermatologists according to UK criteria. RESULTS Sixty-four (30.0%) cases of ADs occurred in the cohort. All SC lipid subclasses and CCLs, but EOP varied significantly during the first year. AD infants showed lower NP but higher NS, NH, AP, hydroxy FFA, and CCL of FFAs compared with nonaffected infants. After normalization by age, the differences remained and were more pronounced in lesional skin of clinical AD infants compared with non-ADs. NS, NH, and CCL of FFAs in lesional skin of AD infants showed positive and significant correlations with the levels of transepidermal water loss at 3 month; some evidence supports a negative correlation for NP. CONCLUSIONS We provide an overview of developmental trajectories of 15 CER and FFA subclasses across the first year of healthy infants and a link between the imbalance of some subclasses with the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjian Gu
- Department of Research & Development, Pigeon Maternal and Infant Skin Care Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Li
- Shanghai Minhang Maternal and Children Health Care Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Gao
- Shanghai Minhang Maternal and Children Health Care Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaku Ken
- Department of Research & Development, Pigeon Maternal and Infant Skin Care Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyuan Huang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Shanghai Minhang Maternal and Children Health Care Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuhui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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29
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Gehrke AKE, Giai C, Gómez MI. Staphylococcus aureus Adaptation to the Skin in Health and Persistent/Recurrent Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1520. [PMID: 37887220 PMCID: PMC10604630 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism with an incredible capability to adapt to different niches within the human body. Approximately between 20 and 30% of the population is permanently but asymptomatically colonized with S. aureus in the nose, and another 30% may carry S. aureus intermittently. It has been established that nasal colonization is a risk factor for infection in other body sites, including mild to severe skin and soft tissue infections. The skin has distinct features that make it a hostile niche for many bacteria, therefore acting as a strong barrier against invading microorganisms. Healthy skin is desiccated; it has a low pH at the surface; the upper layer is constantly shed to remove attached bacteria; and several host antimicrobial peptides are produced. However, S. aureus is able to overcome these defenses and colonize this microenvironment. Moreover, this bacterium can very efficiently adapt to the stressors present in the skin under pathological conditions, as it occurs in patients with atopic dermatitis or suffering chronic wounds associated with diabetes. The focus of this manuscript is to revise the current knowledge concerning how S. aureus adapts to such diverse skin conditions causing persistent and recurrent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Katharina E. Gehrke
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Departamento de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires C1405BCK, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Constanza Giai
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo—(UNCuyo) CONICET, Mendoza M5502JMA, Argentina;
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5502JMA, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Mendoza C1006ACC, Argentina
| | - Marisa I. Gómez
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Departamento de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires C1405BCK, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121A6B, Argentina
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30
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Chen J, Lv Y, Shang W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Hu Z, Huang X, Zhang R, Yuan J, Huang J, Rao X. Loaded delta-hemolysin shapes the properties of Staphylococcus aureus membrane vesicles. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1254367. [PMID: 37869662 PMCID: PMC10588482 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1254367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Membrane vesicles (MVs) are nanoscale vesicular structures produced by bacteria during their growth in vitro and in vivo. Some bacterial components can be loaded in bacterial MVs, but the roles of the loaded MV molecules are unclear. Methods MVs of Staphylococcus aureus RN4220 and its derivatives were prepared. Dynamic light scattering analysis was used to evaluate the size distribution, and 4D-label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis was performed to detect protein composition in the MVs. The site-mutation S. aureus RN4220-Δhld and agrA deletion mutant RN4220-ΔagrA were generated via allelic replacement strategies. A hemolysis assay was performed with rabbit red blood cells. CCK-8 and lactate dehydrogenase release assays were used to determine the cytotoxicity of S. aureus MVs against RAW264.7 macrophages. The serum levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα in mice treated with S. aureus MVs were detected with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results Delta-hemolysin (Hld) was identified as a major loaded factor in S. aureus MVs. Further study showed that Hld could promote the production of staphylococcal MVs with smaller sizes. Loaded Hld affected the diversity of loaded proteins in MVs of S. aureus RN4220. Hld resulted in decreased protein diversity in MVs of S. aureus. Site-mutation (RN4220-Δhld) and agrA deletion (RN4220-ΔagrA) mutants produced MVs (ΔhldMVs and ΔagrAMVs) with a greater number of bacterial proteins than those derived from wild-type RN4220 (wtMVs). Moreover, Hld contributed to the hemolytic activity of wtMVs. Hld-loaded wtMVs were cytotoxic to macrophage RAW264.7 cells and could stimulate the production of inflammatory factor IL-6 in vivo. Conclusion This study presented that Hld was a major loaded factor in S. aureus MVs, and the loaded Hld played vital roles in the MV-property modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhuan Lv
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 971st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy, Qingdao, China
| | - Weilong Shang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaonan Huang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jizhen Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 971st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingbin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Santana DJ, Anku JAE, Zhao G, Zarnowski R, Johnson CJ, Hautau H, Visser ND, Ibrahim AS, Andes D, Nett JE, Singh S, O'Meara TR. A Candida auris-specific adhesin, Scf1 , governs surface association, colonization, and virulence. Science 2023; 381:1461-1467. [PMID: 37769084 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf8972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen responsible for health care-associated outbreaks that arise from persistent surface and skin colonization. We characterized the arsenal of adhesins used by C. auris and discovered an uncharacterized adhesin, Surface Colonization Factor (Scf1), and a conserved adhesin, Iff4109, that are essential for the colonization of inert surfaces and mammalian hosts. SCF1 is apparently specific to C. auris, and its expression mediates adhesion to inert and biological surfaces across isolates from all five clades. Unlike canonical fungal adhesins, which function through hydrophobic interactions, Scf1 relies on exposed cationic residues for surface association. SCF1 is required for C. auris biofilm formation, skin colonization, virulence in systemic infection, and colonization of inserted medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian J Santana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Juliet A E Anku
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Guolei Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert Zarnowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chad J Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Haley Hautau
- Division of Infectious Disease, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Noelle D Visser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ashraf S Ibrahim
- Division of Infectious Disease, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Andes
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeniel E Nett
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shakti Singh
- Division of Infectious Disease, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Teresa R O'Meara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Cheung GYC, Otto M. Virulence Mechanisms of Staphylococcal Animal Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14587. [PMID: 37834035 PMCID: PMC10572719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are major causes of infections in mammals. Mammals are colonized by diverse staphylococcal species, often with moderate to strong host specificity, and colonization is a common source of infection. Staphylococcal infections of animals not only are of major importance for animal well-being but have considerable economic consequences, such as in the case of staphylococcal mastitis, which costs billions of dollars annually. Furthermore, pet animals can be temporary carriers of strains infectious to humans. Moreover, antimicrobial resistance is a great concern in livestock infections, as there is considerable antibiotic overuse, and resistant strains can be transferred to humans. With the number of working antibiotics continuously becoming smaller due to the concomitant spread of resistant strains, alternative approaches, such as anti-virulence, are increasingly being investigated to treat staphylococcal infections. For this, understanding the virulence mechanisms of animal staphylococcal pathogens is crucial. While many virulence factors have similar functions in humans as animals, there are increasingly frequent reports of host-specific virulence factors and mechanisms. Furthermore, we are only beginning to understand virulence mechanisms in animal-specific staphylococcal pathogens. This review gives an overview of animal infections caused by staphylococci and our knowledge about the virulence mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
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Zhao H, Ma X, Song J, Jiang J, Fei X, Luo Y, Ru Y, Luo Y, Gao C, Kuai L, Li B. From gut to skin: exploring the potential of natural products targeting microorganisms for atopic dermatitis treatment. Food Funct 2023; 14:7825-7852. [PMID: 37599562 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02455e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Recent studies have revealed that interactions between pathogenic microorganisms, which have a tendency to parasitize the skin of AD patients, play a significant role in the progression of the disease. Furthermore, specific species of commensal bacteria in the human intestinal tract can have a profound impact on the immune system by promoting inflammation and pruritogenesis in AD, while also regulating adaptive immunity. Natural products (NPs) have emerged as promising agents for the treatment of various diseases. Consequently, there is growing interest in utilizing natural products as a novel therapeutic approach for managing AD, with a focus on modulating both skin and gut microbiota. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and interplay between the skin and gut microbiota in relation to AD. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent clinical and fundamental research on NPs targeting the skin and gut microbiota for AD treatment. We anticipate that our work will contribute to the future development of NPs and facilitate research on microbial mechanisms, based on the efficacy of NPs in treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Jiankun Song
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Jingsi Jiang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Xiaoya Fei
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chunjie Gao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Keith YH, Egawa G, Honda T, Kabashima K. Mast cells in type 2 skin inflammation: Maintenance and function. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250359. [PMID: 36933268 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells residing in tissues and playing indispensable roles in maintaining homeostasis and inflammatory states. Skin lesions associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) and type 2 skin inflammation display an increment in MCs, which have both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. The direct and indirect activations of skin MCs by environmental factors such as Staphylococcus aureus can instigate type 2 skin inflammation in AD with poorly understood mechanisms. Furthermore, both IgE-dependent and -independent degranulation of MCs contribute to pruritus in AD. Conversely, MCs suppress type 2 skin inflammation by promoting Treg expansion through IL-2 secretion in the spleen. Moreover, skin MCs can upregulate gene expression involved in skin barrier function, thus mitigating AD-like inflammation. These functional variances of MCs in AD could stem from differences in experimental systems, their localization, and origins. In this review, we will focus on how MCs are maintained in the skin under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, and how they are involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Honda Keith
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Intravital Microscopy Laboratory and Gene Expression (IMAGE) Lab, Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
- A*Star Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
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Wu Y, Chen T, Wang Y, Huang M, Wang Y, Luo Z. New insight into the virulence and inflammatory response of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from diabetic foot ulcers. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1234994. [PMID: 37577369 PMCID: PMC10416727 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1234994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) have less virulence, but still cause severe infections. Furthermore, hypovirulent S. aureus strains appear to be localized in the deep tissues of diabetic foot osteomyelitis, indicating that the unique environment within DFUs affects the pathogenicity of S. aureus. In this study, the cell-free culture medium (CFCM) of S. aureus strains isolated from DFUs exhibited higher cytotoxicity to human erythrocytes than those isolated from non-diabetic patients with sepsis or wounds. Among these S. aureus strains isolated from DFUs, β-toxin negative strains have less virulence than β-toxin positive strains, but induced a higher expression of inflammatory cytokines. Our study and previous studies have shown that the synergistic effect of phenol-soluble modulin α and β-toxin contributes to the higher hemolytic activity of β-toxin positive strains. However, lysis of human erythrocytes by the CFCM of β-toxin negative strains was greatly inhibited by an autolysin inhibitor, sodium polyanethole sulfonate (SPS). A high level of glucose greatly reduced the hemolytic activity of S. aureus, but promoted the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human neutrophils. However, 5 mM glucose or glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) increased the hemolytic activity of SA118 (a β-toxin negative strain) isolated from DFUs. Additionally, patients with DFUs with growth of S. aureus had lower level of serum IL-6 than those with other bacteria, and the CFCM of S. aureus strains significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-6 expression in human neutrophils. Therefore, the virulence and inflammatory response of S. aureus strains isolated from DFUs are determined by the levels of glucose and its metabolites, which may explain why it is the predominant bacteria isolated from DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ti Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanle Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Bonzano L, Borgia F, Casella R, Miniello A, Nettis E, Gangemi S. Microbiota and IL-33/31 Axis Linkage: Implications and Therapeutic Perspectives in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1100. [PMID: 37509136 PMCID: PMC10377073 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiome dysbiosis and cytokine alternations are key features of atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PsO), two of the most prevalent and burdensome pruritic skin conditions worldwide. Interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-31 have been recognized to be major players who act synergistically in the pathogenesis and maintenance of different chronic inflammatory conditions and pruritic skin disorders, including AD and PsO, and their potential role as therapeutic targets is being thoroughly investigated. The bidirectional interplay between dysbiosis and immunological changes has been extensively studied, but there is still debate regarding which of these two factors is the actual causative culprit behind the aetiopathological process that ultimately leads to AD and PsO. We conducted a literature review on the Pubmed database assessing articles of immunology, dermatology, microbiology and allergology with the aim to strengthen the hypothesis that dysbiosis is at the origin of the IL-33/IL-31 dysregulation that contributes to the pathogenesis of AD and PsO. Finally, we discussed the therapeutic options currently in development for the treatment of these skin conditions targeting IL-31, IL-33 and/or the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bonzano
- Dermatology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Rossella Casella
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico di Bari, 70120 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Miniello
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico di Bari, 70120 Bari, Italy
| | - Eustachio Nettis
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico di Bari, 70120 Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
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Fernandes A, Rodrigues PM, Pintado M, Tavaria FK. A systematic review of natural products for skin applications: Targeting inflammation, wound healing, and photo-aging. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 115:154824. [PMID: 37119762 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Every day the skin is constantly exposed to several harmful factors that induce oxidative stress. When the cells are incapable to maintain the balance between antioxidant defenses and reactive oxygen species, the skin no longer can keep its integrity and homeostasis. Chronic inflammation, premature skin aging, tissue damage, and immunosuppression are possible consequences induced by sustained exposure to environmental and endogenous reactive oxygen species. Skin immune and non-immune cells together with the microbiome are essential to efficiently trigger skin immune responses to stress. For this reason, an ever-increasing demand for novel molecules capable of modulating immune functions in the skin has risen the level of their development, particularly in the field of natural product-derived molecules. PURPOSE In this review, we explore different classes of molecules that showed evidence in modulate skin immune responses, as well as their target receptors and signaling pathways. Moreover, we describe the role of polyphenols, polysaccharides, fatty acids, peptides, and probiotics as possible treatments for skin conditions, including wound healing, infection, inflammation, allergies, and premature skin aging. METHODS Literature was searched, analyzed, and collected using databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The search terms used included "Skin", "wound healing", "natural products", "skin microbiome", "immunomodulation", "anti-inflammatory", "antioxidant", "infection", "UV radiation", "polyphenols", "polysaccharides", "fatty acids", "plant oils", "peptides", "antimicrobial peptides", "probiotics", "atopic dermatitis", "psoriasis", "auto-immunity", "dry skin", "aging", etc., and several combinations of these keywords. RESULTS Natural products offer different solutions as possible treatments for several skin conditions. Significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were reported, followed by the ability to modulate immune functions in the skin. Several membrane-bound immune receptors in the skin recognize diverse types of natural-derived molecules, promoting different immune responses that can improve skin conditions. CONCLUSION Despite the increasing progress in drug discovery, several limiting factors need future clarification. Understanding the safety, biological activities, and precise mechanisms of action is a priority as well as the characterization of the active compounds responsible for that. This review provides directions for future studies in the development of new molecules with important pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fernandes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - P M Rodrigues
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - F K Tavaria
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
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Yamada H, Kaitani A, Izawa K, Ando T, Kamei A, Uchida S, Maehara A, Kojima M, Yamamoto R, Wang H, Nagamine M, Maeda K, Uchida K, Nakano N, Ohtsuka Y, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Shimizu T, Kitaura J. Staphylococcus aureus δ-toxin present on skin promotes the development of food allergy in a murine model. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1173069. [PMID: 37275864 PMCID: PMC10235538 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1173069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with food allergy often suffer from atopic dermatitis, in which Staphylococcus aureus colonization is frequently observed. Staphylococcus aureus δ-toxin activates mast cells and promotes T helper 2 type skin inflammation in the tape-stripped murine skin. However, the physiological effects of δ-toxin present on the steady-state skin remain unknown. We aimed to investigate whether δ-toxin present on the steady-state skin impacts the development of food allergy. Material and methods The non-tape-stripped skins of wild-type, KitW-sh/W-sh, or ST2-deficient mice were treated with ovalbumin (OVA) with or without δ-toxin before intragastric administration of OVA. The frequency of diarrhea, numbers of jejunum or skin mast cells, and serum levels of OVA-specific IgE were measured. Conventional dendritic cell 2 (cDC2) in skin and lymph nodes (LN) were analyzed. The cytokine levels in the skin tissues or culture supernatants of δ-toxin-stimulated murine keratinocytes were measured. Anti-IL-1α antibody-pretreated mice were analyzed. Results Stimulation with δ-toxin induced the release of IL-1α, but not IL-33, in murine keratinocytes. Epicutaneous treatment with OVA and δ-toxin induced the local production of IL-1α. This treatment induced the translocation of OVA-loaded cDC2 from skin to draining LN and OVA-specific IgE production, independently of mast cells and ST2. This resulted in OVA-administered food allergic responses. In these models, pretreatment with anti-IL-1α antibody inhibited the cDC2 activation and OVA-specific IgE production, thereby dampening food allergic responses. Conclusion Even without tape stripping, δ-toxin present on skin enhances epicutaneous sensitization to food allergen in an IL-1α-dependent manner, thereby promoting the development of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Yamada
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Kaitani
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumi Izawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ando
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anna Kamei
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Science of Allergy and Inflammation, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shino Uchida
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akie Maehara
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuki Kojima
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Yamamoto
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hexing Wang
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Science of Allergy and Inflammation, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nagamine
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Maeda
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunological Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Uchida
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakano
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ohtsuka
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Kitaura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Science of Allergy and Inflammation, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Tanaka D, Ishihara J, Takahashi H, Kobayashi M, Miyazaki A, Kajiya S, Fujita R, Maekawa N, Yamazaki Y, Takaya A, Nakamura Y, Furuya M, Sekiguchi T, Shoji S. High-Efficiency Single-Cell Containment Microdevices Based on Fluid Control. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14051027. [PMID: 37241650 DOI: 10.3390/mi14051027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a comb-shaped microfluidic device that can efficiently trap and culture a single cell (bacterium). Conventional culture devices have difficulty in trapping a single bacterium and often use a centrifuge to push the bacterium into the channel. The device developed in this study can store bacteria in almost all growth channels using the flowing fluid. In addition, chemical replacement can be performed in a few seconds, making this device suitable for culture experiments with resistant bacteria. The storage efficiency of microbeads that mimic bacteria was significantly improved from 0.2% to 84%. We used simulations to investigate the pressure loss in the growth channel. The pressure in the growth channel of the conventional device was more than 1400 PaG, whereas that of the new device was less than 400 PaG. Our microfluidic device was easily fabricated by a soft microelectromechanical systems method. The device was highly versatile and can be applied to various bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Tanaka
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Waseda Tsurumakicho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Junichi Ishihara
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Masashi Kobayashi
- School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shin-juku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Aya Miyazaki
- School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shin-juku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Satsuki Kajiya
- School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shin-juku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Risa Fujita
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Waseda Tsurumakicho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Naoki Maekawa
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuriko Yamazaki
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Cutaneous Allergy and Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akiko Takaya
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
- Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuumi Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Cutaneous Allergy and Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Furuya
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sekiguchi
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Waseda Tsurumakicho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shoji
- School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shin-juku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Nakatsuji T, Brinton SL, Cavagnero KJ, O'Neill AM, Chen Y, Dokoshi T, Butcher AM, Osuoji OC, Shafiq F, Espinoza JL, Dupont CL, Hata TR, Gallo RL. Competition between skin antimicrobial peptides and commensal bacteria in type 2 inflammation enables survival of S. aureus. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112494. [PMID: 37167061 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During inflammation, the skin deploys antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) yet during allergic inflammation it becomes more susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus. To understand this contradiction, single-cell sequencing of Il4ra-/- mice combined with skin microbiome analysis reveals that lower production of AMPs from interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) activation selectively inhibits survival of antibiotic-producing strains of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS). Diminished AMPs under conditions of T helper type 2 (Th2) inflammation enable expansion of CoNS strains without antibiotic activity and increase Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), recapitulating the microbiome on humans with atopic dermatitis. This response is rescued in Camp-/- mice or after topical steroids, since further inhibition of AMPs enables survival of antibiotic-producing CoNS strains. In conditions of Th17 inflammation, a higher expression of host AMPs is sufficient to directly inhibit S. aureus survival. These results show that antimicrobials produced by the host and commensal bacteria each act to control S. aureus on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Nakatsuji
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Samantha L Brinton
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kellen J Cavagnero
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alan M O'Neill
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tatsuya Dokoshi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anna M Butcher
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Olive C Osuoji
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Faiza Shafiq
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Josh L Espinoza
- Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Tissa R Hata
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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41
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Di Nardo A, Chang YL, Alimohammadi S, Masuda-Kuroki K, Wang Z, Sriram K, Insel PA. Mast cell tolerance in the skin microenvironment to commensal bacteria is controlled by fibroblasts. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112453. [PMID: 37120813 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation and degranulation of mast cells (MCs) is an essential aspect of innate and adaptive immunity. Skin MCs, the most exposed to the external environment, are at risk of quickly degranulating with potentially severe consequences. Here, we define how MCs assume a tolerant phenotype via crosstalk with dermal fibroblasts (dFBs) and how this phenotype reduces unnecessary inflammation when in contact with beneficial commensal bacteria. We explore the interaction of human MCs (HMCs) and dFBs in the human skin microenvironment and test how this interaction controls MC inflammatory response by inhibiting the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway. We show that the extracellular matrix hyaluronic acid, as the activator of the regulatory zinc finger (de)ubiquitinating enzyme A20/tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), is responsible for the reduced HMC response to commensal bacteria. The role of hyaluronic acid as an anti-inflammatory ligand on MCs opens new avenues for the potential treatment of inflammatory and allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Nardo
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Yu-Ling Chang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shahrzad Alimohammadi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kana Masuda-Kuroki
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhenping Wang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Krishna Sriram
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paul A Insel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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42
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Tutka K, Żychowska M, Żaczek A, Maternia-Dudzik K, Pawełczyk J, Strapagiel D, Lach J, Reich A. Skin Microbiome in Prurigo Nodularis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087675. [PMID: 37108838 PMCID: PMC10146575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic condition characterized by the presence of nodular lesions accompanied by intense pruritus. The disease has been linked to several infectious factors, but data on the direct presence of microorganisms in the lesions of PN are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity and composition of the bacterial microbiome in PN lesions by targeting the region V3-V4 of 16S rRNA. Skin swabs were obtained from active nodules in 24 patients with PN, inflammatory patches of 14 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and corresponding skin areas of 9 healthy volunteers (HV). After DNA extraction, the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified. Sequencing was performed using the Illumina platform on the MiSeq instrument. Operational taxonomic units (OTU) were identified. The identification of taxa was carried out using the Silva v.138 database. There was no statistically significant difference in the alpha-diversity (intra-sample diversity) between the PN, AD and HV groups. The beta-diversity (inter-sample diversity) showed statistically significant differences between the three groups on a global level and in paired analyses. Staphylococcus was significantly more abundant in samples from PN and AD patients than in controls. The difference was maintained across all taxonomic levels. The PN microbiome is highly similar to that of AD. It remains unclear whether the disturbed composition of the microbiome and the domination of Staphylococcus in PN lesions may be the trigger factor of pruritus and lead to the development of cutaneous changes or is a secondary phenomenon. Our preliminary results support the theory that the composition of the skin microbiome in PN is altered and justify further research on the role of the microbiome in this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Tutka
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żychowska
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Anna Żaczek
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Karolina Maternia-Dudzik
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Jakub Pawełczyk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-235 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Laboratory, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-235 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jakub Lach
- Biobank Laboratory, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-235 Łódź, Poland
| | - Adam Reich
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland
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43
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Key FM, Khadka VD, Romo-González C, Blake KJ, Deng L, Lynn TC, Lee JC, Chiu IM, García-Romero MT, Lieberman TD. On-person adaptive evolution of Staphylococcus aureus during treatment for atopic dermatitis. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:593-603.e7. [PMID: 37054679 PMCID: PMC10263175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus frequently colonizes the inflamed skin of people with atopic dermatitis (AD) and worsens disease severity by promoting skin damage. Here, we show, by longitudinally tracking 23 children treated for AD, that S. aureus adapts via de novo mutations during colonization. Each patient's S. aureus population is dominated by a single lineage, with infrequent invasion by distant lineages. Mutations emerge within each lineage at rates similar to those of S. aureus in other contexts. Some variants spread across the body within months, with signatures of adaptive evolution. Most strikingly, mutations in capsule synthesis gene capD underwent parallel evolution in one patient and across-body sweeps in two patients. We confirm that capD negativity is more common in AD than in other contexts, via reanalysis of S. aureus genomes from 276 people. Together, these findings highlight the importance of the mutation level when dissecting the role of microbes in complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M Key
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Veda D Khadka
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carolina Romo-González
- Experimental Bacteriology Laboratory, National Institute for Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kimbria J Blake
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liwen Deng
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tucker C Lynn
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jean C Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tami D Lieberman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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44
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Chen Y, Knight R, Gallo RL. Evolving approaches to profiling the microbiome in skin disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151527. [PMID: 37081873 PMCID: PMC10110978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its harsh and dry environment, human skin is home to diverse microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and microscopic mites. These microbes form communities that may exist at the skin surface, deeper skin layers, and within microhabitats such as the hair follicle and sweat glands, allowing complex interactions with the host immune system. Imbalances in the skin microbiome, known as dysbiosis, have been linked to various inflammatory skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, acne, and psoriasis. The roles of abundant commensal bacteria belonging to Staphylococcus and Cutibacterium taxa and the fungi Malassezia, where particular species or strains can benefit the host or cause disease, are increasingly appreciated in skin disorders. Furthermore, recent research suggests that the interactions between microorganisms and the host's immune system on the skin can have distant and systemic effects on the body, such as on the gut and brain, known as the "skin-gut" or "skin-brain" axes. Studies on the microbiome in skin disease have typically relied on 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, which cannot provide accurate information about species or strains of microorganisms on the skin. However, advancing technologies, including metagenomics and other functional 'omic' approaches, have great potential to provide more comprehensive and detailed information about the skin microbiome in health and disease. Additionally, inter-species and multi-kingdom interactions can cause cascading shifts towards dysbiosis and are crucial but yet-to-be-explored aspects of many skin disorders. Better understanding these complex dynamics will require meta-omic studies complemented with experiments and clinical trials to confirm function. Evolving how we profile the skin microbiome alongside technological advances is essential to exploring such relationships. This review presents the current and emerging methods and their findings for profiling skin microbes to advance our understanding of the microbiome in skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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45
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Rauer L, Reiger M, Bhattacharyya M, Brunner PM, Krueger JG, Guttman-Yassky E, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Neumann AU. Skin microbiome and its association with host cofactors in determining atopic dermatitis severity. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:772-782. [PMID: 36433676 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogeneous, chronic inflammatory skin disease linked to skin microbiome dysbiosis with reduced bacterial diversity and elevated relative abundance of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize the yet incompletely understood association between the skin microbiome and patients' demographic and clinical cofactors in relation to AD severity. METHODS The skin microbiome in 48 adult moderate-to-severe AD patients was investigated using next-generation deep sequencing (16S rRNA gene, V1-V3 region) followed by denoising (DADA2) to obtain amplicon sequence variant (ASV) composition. RESULTS In lesional skin, AD severity was associated with S. aureus relative abundance (rS = 0.53, p < 0.001) and slightly better with the microbiome diversity measure Evenness (rS = -0.58, p < 0.001), but not with Richness. Multiple regression confirmed the association of AD severity with microbiome diversity, including Shannon (in lesional skin, p < 0.001), Evenness (in non-lesional skin, p = 0.015) or S. aureus relative abundance (p < 0.012), and with patient's IgE levels (p < 0.001), race (p < 0.032), age (p < 0.034) and sex (p = 0.012). The lesional model explained 62% of the variation in AD severity, and the non-lesional model 50% of the variation. CONCLUSIONS Our results specify the frequently reported "reduced diversity" of the AD-related skin microbiome to reduced Evenness, which was in turn mainly driven by S. aureus relative abundance, rather than to a reduced microbiome Richness. Finding associations between AD severity, the skin microbiome and patient's cofactors is a key aspect in developing new personalized AD treatments, particularly those targeting the AD microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Rauer
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Chair of Environmental Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Augsburg, Germany.,Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Reiger
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Chair of Environmental Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Madhumita Bhattacharyya
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Chair of Environmental Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick M Brunner
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Chair of Environmental Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Augsburg, Germany.,CK-CARE Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland.,ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Avidan U Neumann
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Augsburg, Germany.,CK-CARE Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
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46
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Youn C, Dikeman DA, Chang E, Liu H, Nolan SJ, Alphonse MP, Joyce DP, Liu Q, Meixiong J, Dong X, Miller LS, Archer NK. Crisaborole efficacy in murine models of skin inflammation and Staphylococcus aureus infection. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:425-435. [PMID: 36461082 PMCID: PMC10066830 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is highly expressed in keratinocytes and immune cells and promotes pro-inflammatory responses upon activation. The activity of PDE4 has been attributed to various inflammatory conditions, leading to the development and approval of PDE4 inhibitors as host-directed therapeutics in humans. For example, the topical PDE4 inhibitor, crisaborole, is approved for the treatment of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis and has shown efficacy in patients with psoriasis. However, the role of crisaborole in regulating the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases and infection is not entirely known. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of crisaborole in multiple mouse models, including psoriasis-like dermatitis, AD-like skin inflammation with and without filaggrin mutations, and Staphylococcus aureus skin infection. We discovered that crisaborole dampens myeloid cells and itch in the skin during psoriasis-like dermatitis. Furthermore, crisaborole was effective in reducing skin inflammation in the context of filaggrin deficiency. Importantly, crisaborole reduced S. aureus skin colonization during AD-like skin inflammation. However, crisaborole was not efficacious in treating S. aureus skin infections, even as adjunctive therapy to antibiotics. Taken together, we found that crisaborole reduced itch during psoriasis-like dermatitis and decreased S. aureus skin colonization upon AD-like skin inflammation, which act as additional mechanisms by which crisaborole dampens the immunopathogenesis in mouse models of inflammatory skin diseases. Further examination is warranted to translate these preclinical findings to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Youn
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dustin A. Dikeman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Evelyn Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabrina J. Nolan
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin P. Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel P. Joyce
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James Meixiong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lloyd S. Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathan K. Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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47
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Grazul M, Balcerczak E, Sienkiewicz M. Analysis of the Presence of the Virulence and Regulation Genes from Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) in Coagulase Negative Staphylococci and the Influence of the Staphylococcal Cross-Talk on Their Functions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5155. [PMID: 36982064 PMCID: PMC10049693 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are increasingly becoming a public health issue worldwide due to their growing resistance to antibiotics and common involvement in complications related to invasive surgical procedures, and nosocomial and urinary tract infections. Their behavior either as a commensal or a pathogen is a result of strict regulation of colonization and virulence factors. Although functionality of virulence factors and processes involved in their regulation are quite well understood in S. aureus, little is known about them in CoNS species. Therefore, the aim of our studies was to check if clinical CoNS strains may contain virulence factors and genes involved in resistance to methicillin, that are homologous to S. aureus. Moreover, we checked the presence of elements responsible for regulation of genes that encode virulence factors typical for S. aureus in tested isolates. We also investigated whether the regulation factors produced by one CoNS isolate can affect virulence activity of other strains by co-incubation of tested isolates with supernatant from other isolates. Our studies confirmed the presence of virulence factor and regulatory genes attributed to S. aureus in CoNS isolates and indicated that one strain with an active agr gene is able to affect biofilm formation and δ-toxin activity of strains with inactive agr genes. The cognition of prevalence and regulation of virulence factors as well as antibiotic resistance of CoNS isolates is important for better control and treatment of CoNS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Grazul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Balcerczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Sienkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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48
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Linz MS, Mattappallil A, Finkel D, Parker D. Clinical Impact of Staphylococcus aureus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030557. [PMID: 36978425 PMCID: PMC10044708 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen isolated in skin-and-soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) in the United States. Most S. aureus SSTIs are caused by the epidemic clone USA300 in the USA. These infections can be serious; in 2019, SSTIs with S. aureus were associated with an all-cause, age-standardized mortality rate of 0.5 globally. Clinical presentations of S. aureus SSTIs vary from superficial infections with local symptoms to monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis, which can cause systemic manifestations and may lead to serious complications or death. In order to cause skin infections, S. aureus employs a host of virulence factors including cytolytic proteins, superantigenic factors, cell wall-anchored proteins, and molecules used for immune evasion. The immune response to S. aureus SSTIs involves initial responders such as keratinocytes and neutrophils, which are supported by dendritic cells and T-lymphocytes later during infection. Treatment for S. aureus SSTIs is usually oral therapy, with parenteral therapy reserved for severe presentations; it ranges from cephalosporins and penicillin agents such as oxacillin, which is generally used for methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), to vancomycin for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Treatment challenges include adverse effects, risk for Clostridioides difficile infection, and potential for antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Linz
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Arun Mattappallil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, University Hospital, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Diana Finkel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Dane Parker
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +1-973-972-3047
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Mazur M, Tomczak H, Łodyga M, Plagens-Rotman K, Merks P, Czarnecka-Operacz M. The Intestinal and Skin Microbiome in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and Their Influence on the Course of the Disease: A Literature Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050766. [PMID: 36900771 PMCID: PMC10001192 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria inhabiting the digestive tract are responsible for our health. The microbiome is essential for the development of the immune system and homeostasis of the body. Maintaining homeostasis is very important, but also extremely complicated. The gut microbiome is related to the skin microbiome. It can therefore be assumed that changes in the microbes inhabiting the skin are greatly influenced by the bacteria living in the intestines. Changes in the composition and function of microbes (dysbiosis in the skin and intestines) have recently been linked to changes in the immune response and the development of skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD). This review was compiled by collaborating Dermatologists specializing in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. A comprehensive review of the current literature was performed using PubMed and limited to relevant case reports and original papers on the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis. The inclusion criterion was that the paper was published in a peer-reviewed journal in the last 10 years (2012-2022). No limitations on the language of the publication or the type of study were made. It has been shown that any rapid changes in the composition of the microflora may be associated with the appearance of clinical signs and symptoms of the disease. Various studies have proven that the microbiome of many systems (including the intestines) may have a significant impact on the development of the inflammatory process within the skin in the course of AD. It has been shown that an early interaction between the microbiome and immune system may result in a noticeable delay in the onset of atopic diseases. It seems to be of high importance for physicians to understand the role of the microbiome in AD, not only from the pathophysiological standpoint but also in terms of the complex treatment that is required. Perhaps young children diagnosed with AD present specific characteristics of the intestinal microflora. This might be related to the early introduction of antibiotics and dietary manipulations in breastfeeding mothers in the early childhood of AD patients. It is most likely related to the abuse of antibiotics from the first days of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mazur
- College of Health, Beauty Care and Education in Poznań, 60-133 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hanna Tomczak
- Central Microbiological Laboratory, H. Święcicki Clinical Hospital at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-366 Poznan, Poland
| | - Martha Łodyga
- Department of Medicine Berkshire Medical Center, Pittsfield, MA 01201, USA
| | - Katarzyna Plagens-Rotman
- Center for Pediatric, Adolescent Gynecology and Sexology Division of Gynecology, Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-758 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Piotr Merks
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, 01-938 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Czarnecka-Operacz
- Allergic and Occupational Skin Diseases Unit, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Poznań, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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50
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Dickey SW, Burgin DJ, Huang S, Maguire D, Otto M. Two transporters cooperate to secrete amphipathic peptides from the cytoplasmic and membranous milieus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211689120. [PMID: 36787359 PMCID: PMC9974410 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211689120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse organisms secrete amphipathic biomolecules for competitive gains. However, how cells cope with producing these membrane-permeabilizing molecules is unclear. We focused on the PSM family of secreted amphipathic peptides in the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus that uses two ABC transporters, PmtCD and AbcA, to export peptides across the bacterial cell membrane. We found that increased peptide hydrophobicity favors PSM secretion through PmtCD over AbcA and that only PmtCD protected cells against amphipathic peptides. We propose a two-system model in which PmtCD and AbcA independently export PSMs from either membrane or cytosolic environments, respectively. Our model provides a rationale for the encoding of multiple transport systems on diverse biosynthetic gene clusters used to produce distinct amphipathic molecules. In addition, our data serve as a guide for selectively blocking PSM secretion to achieve antimicrobial or antivirulence approaches and to disrupt established roles of PSM-mediated virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth W. Dickey
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20740
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, College Park, MD20740
| | - Dylan J. Burgin
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Steven Huang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - David Maguire
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Michael Otto
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
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