1
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Kim RT, Whited JL. Putative epithelial-mesenchymal transitions during salamander limb regeneration: Current perspectives and future investigations. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024. [PMID: 39269330 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have implicated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in salamander limb regeneration. In this review, we describe putative roles for EMT during each stage of limb regeneration in axolotls and other salamanders. We hypothesize that EMT and EMT-like gene expression programs may regulate three main cellular processes during limb regeneration: (1) keratinocyte migration during wound closure; (2) transient invasion of the stump by epithelial cells undergoing EMT; and (3) use of EMT-like programs by non-epithelial blastemal progenitor cells to escape the confines of their niches. Finally, we propose nontraditional roles for EMT during limb regeneration that warrant further investigation, including alternative EMT regulators, stem cell activation, and fibrosis induced by aberrant EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica L Whited
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Wittmer J, Heidstra R. Appreciating animal induced pluripotent stem cells to shape plant cell reprogramming strategies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4373-4393. [PMID: 38869461 PMCID: PMC11263491 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Animals and plants have developed resilience mechanisms to effectively endure and overcome physical damage and environmental challenges throughout their life span. To sustain their vitality, both animals and plants employ mechanisms to replenish damaged cells, either directly, involving the activity of adult stem cells, or indirectly, via dedifferentiation of somatic cells that are induced to revert to a stem cell state and subsequently redifferentiate. Stem cell research has been a rapidly advancing field in animal studies for many years, driven by its promising potential in human therapeutics, including tissue regeneration and drug development. A major breakthrough was the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are reprogrammed from somatic cells by expressing a limited set of transcription factors. This discovery enabled the generation of an unlimited supply of cells that can be differentiated into specific cell types and tissues. Equally, a keen interest in the connection between plant stem cells and regeneration has been developed in the last decade, driven by the demand to enhance plant traits such as yield, resistance to pathogens, and the opportunities provided by CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing. Here we discuss how knowledge of stem cell biology benefits regeneration technology, and we speculate on the creation of a universal genotype-independent iPSC system for plants to overcome regenerative recalcitrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Wittmer
- Cell and Developmental Biology, cluster Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renze Heidstra
- Cell and Developmental Biology, cluster Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Zhang H, Ren X, Wu C, He X, Huang Z, Li Y, Liao L, Xiang J, Li M, Wu L. Intracellular calcium dysregulation in heart and brain diseases: Insights from induced pluripotent stem cell studies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024:nlae078. [PMID: 39001792 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) plays a role in regulating heart rate and myocardial contractility through sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, and the heart can impact the functional equilibrium of the CNS through feedback signals. Although heart and brain diseases often coexist and mutually influence each other, the potential links between heart and brain diseases remain unclear due to a lack of reliable models of these relationships. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which can differentiate into multiple functional cell types, stem cell biology and regenerative medicine may offer tools to clarify the mechanisms of these relationships and facilitate screening of effective therapeutic agents. Because calcium ions play essential roles in regulating both the cardiovascular and nervous systems, this review addresses how recent iPSC disease models reveal how dysregulation of intracellular calcium might be a common pathological factor underlying the relationships between heart and brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xueming Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xinsen He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhengxuan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yangpeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lei Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Miaoling Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Fatehi A, Sadat M, Fayyad M, Tang J, Han D, Rogers IM, Taylor D. Efficient Generation of Pancreatic Progenitor Cells from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from a Non-Invasive and Accessible Tissue Source-The Plucked Hair Follicle. Cells 2024; 13:1010. [PMID: 38920642 PMCID: PMC11202038 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has brought about transformative advancements in regenerative medicine, offering novel avenues for disease modeling, drug testing, and cell-based therapies. Patient-specific iPSC-based treatments hold the promise of mitigating immune rejection risks. However, the intricacies and costs of producing autologous therapies present commercial challenges. The hair follicle is a multi-germ layered versatile cell source that can be harvested at any age. It is a rich source of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, multipotent stromal cells, and the newly defined Hair Follicle-Associated Pluripotent Stem Cells (HAP). It can also be obtained non-invasively and transported via regular mail channels, making it the ideal starting material for an autologous biobank. In this study, cryopreserved hair follicle-derived iPSC lines (HF-iPS) were established through integration-free vectors, encompassing a diverse cohort. These genetically stable lines exhibited robust expression of pluripotency markers, and showcased tri-lineage differentiation potential. The HF-iPSCs effectively differentiated into double-positive cKIT+/CXCR4+ definitive endoderm cells and NKX6.1+/PDX1+ pancreatic progenitor cells, affirming their pluripotent attributes. We anticipate that the use of plucked hair follicles as an accessible, non-invasive cell source to obtain patient cells, in conjunction with the use of episomal vectors for reprogramming, will improve the future generation of clinically applicable pancreatic progenitor cells for the treatment of Type I Diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amatullah Fatehi
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (A.F.); (M.S.)
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada;
- Acorn Biolabs Inc., Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada; (M.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Marwa Sadat
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (A.F.); (M.S.)
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada;
| | - Muneera Fayyad
- Acorn Biolabs Inc., Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada; (M.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Jean Tang
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Duhyun Han
- Acorn Biolabs Inc., Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada; (M.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Ian M. Rogers
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (A.F.); (M.S.)
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Drew Taylor
- Acorn Biolabs Inc., Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada; (M.F.); (D.H.)
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Bingnan W, Jiao T, Ghorbani A, Baghei S. Enhancing regenerative potential: A comprehensive review of stem cell transplantation for sports-related neuronal injuries, with a focus on spinal cord injuries and peripheral nervous system damage. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102429. [PMID: 38833939 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal injuries, as one of the consequences of sports-related incidents, exert a profound influence on the athletes' future, potentially leading to complete immobility and impeding their athletic pursuits. In cases of severe damage inflicted upon the spinal cord (SC) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS), the regenerative process is notably compromised, rendering it essentially inefficient. Among the pivotal therapeutic approaches for the enhancement and prevention of secondary SC injuries (SCI), stem cell transplantation (SCT) stands out prominently. Stem cells, whether directly involved in replacement and reconstruction or indirectly through modification and secretion of crucial bioenvironmental factors, engage in the intricate process of tissue regeneration. Stem cells, through the secretion of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) (aiming to modulate the immune system), reduction of inflammation, axonal growth stimulation, and myelin formation, endeavor to facilitate the regeneration of damaged SC tissue. The fundamental challenges of this approach encompass the proper selection of suitable stem cell candidates for transplantation and the establishment of an appropriate microenvironment conducive to SC repair. In this article, an attempt has been made to explore sports-related injuries, particularly SCI, to comprehensively review innovative methods for treating SCI, and to address the existing challenges. Additionally, some of the stem cells used in neural injuries and the process of their utilization have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Bingnan
- Department of P.E, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Tong Jiao
- The High School Attached to Hunan Normal University Bocai Experimental Middle School,Changsha 410208, China.
| | - A Ghorbani
- Biotechnology Department, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sh Baghei
- Biotechnology Department, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
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6
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Liu H, Xing F, Yu P, Zhe M, Duan X, Liu M, Xiang Z, Ritz U. A review of biomacromolecule-based 3D bioprinting strategies for structure-function integrated repair of skin tissues. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131623. [PMID: 38642687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
When skin is damaged or affected by diseases, it often undergoes irreversible scar formation, leading to aesthetic concerns and psychological distress for patients. In cases of extensive skin defects, the patient's life can be severely compromised. In recent years, 3D printing technology has emerged as a groundbreaking approach to skin tissue engineering, offering promising solutions to various skin-related conditions. 3D bioprinting technology enables the precise fabrication of structures by programming the spatial arrangement of cells within the skin tissue and subsequently printing skin replacements either in a 3D bioprinter or directly at the site of the defect. This study provides a comprehensive overview of various biopolymer-based inks, with a particular emphasis on chitosan (CS), starch, alginate, agarose, cellulose, and fibronectin, all of which are natural polymers belonging to the category of biomacromolecules. Additionally, it summarizes artificially synthesized polymers capable of enhancing the performance of these biomacromolecule-based bioinks, thereby composing hybrid biopolymer inks aimed at better application in skin tissue engineering endeavors. This review paper examines the recent advancements, characteristics, benefits, and limitations of biological 3D bioprinting techniques for skin tissue engineering. By utilizing bioinks containing seed cells, hydrogels with bioactive factors, and biomaterials, complex structures resembling natural skin can be accurately fabricated in a layer-by-layer manner. The importance of biological scaffolds in promoting skin wound healing and the role of 3D bioprinting in skin tissue regeneration processes is discussed. Additionally, this paper addresses the challenges and constraints associated with current 3D bioprinting technologies for skin tissue and presents future perspectives. These include advancements in bioink formulations, full-thickness skin bioprinting, vascularization strategies, and skin appendages bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyun Yu
- LIMES Institute, Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Man Zhe
- Animal Experiment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthopedics, Sanya People's Hospital, 572000 Sanya, Hainan, China.
| | - Ulrike Ritz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Biomatics Group, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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7
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Pazzin DB, Previato TTR, Budelon Gonçalves JI, Zanirati G, Xavier FAC, da Costa JC, Marinowic DR. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Organoids in Advancing Neuropathology Research and Therapies. Cells 2024; 13:745. [PMID: 38727281 PMCID: PMC11083827 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the groundbreaking impact of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and three-dimensional organoid models in propelling forward neuropathology research. With a focus on neurodegenerative diseases, neuromotor disorders, and related conditions, iPSCs provide a platform for personalized disease modeling, holding significant potential for regenerative therapy and drug discovery. The adaptability of iPSCs, along with associated methodologies, enables the generation of various types of neural cell differentiations and their integration into three-dimensional organoid models, effectively replicating complex tissue structures in vitro. Key advancements in organoid and iPSC generation protocols, alongside the careful selection of donor cell types, are emphasized as critical steps in harnessing these technologies to mitigate tumorigenic risks and other hurdles. Encouragingly, iPSCs show promising outcomes in regenerative therapies, as evidenced by their successful application in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Bottega Pazzin
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil; (D.B.P.); (T.T.R.P.); (J.I.B.G.); (G.Z.); (F.A.C.X.); (J.C.d.C.)
- Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Thales Thor Ramos Previato
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil; (D.B.P.); (T.T.R.P.); (J.I.B.G.); (G.Z.); (F.A.C.X.); (J.C.d.C.)
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | - João Ismael Budelon Gonçalves
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil; (D.B.P.); (T.T.R.P.); (J.I.B.G.); (G.Z.); (F.A.C.X.); (J.C.d.C.)
| | - Gabriele Zanirati
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil; (D.B.P.); (T.T.R.P.); (J.I.B.G.); (G.Z.); (F.A.C.X.); (J.C.d.C.)
| | - Fernando Antonio Costa Xavier
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil; (D.B.P.); (T.T.R.P.); (J.I.B.G.); (G.Z.); (F.A.C.X.); (J.C.d.C.)
| | - Jaderson Costa da Costa
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil; (D.B.P.); (T.T.R.P.); (J.I.B.G.); (G.Z.); (F.A.C.X.); (J.C.d.C.)
| | - Daniel Rodrigo Marinowic
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil; (D.B.P.); (T.T.R.P.); (J.I.B.G.); (G.Z.); (F.A.C.X.); (J.C.d.C.)
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8
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Babini H, Jiménez-Sábado V, Stogova E, Arslanova A, Butt M, Dababneh S, Asghari P, Moore EDW, Claydon TW, Chiamvimonvat N, Hove-Madsen L, Tibbits GF. hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes as a model to study the role of small-conductance Ca 2+-activated K + (SK) ion channel variants associated with atrial fibrillation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1298007. [PMID: 38304423 PMCID: PMC10830749 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1298007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia, has been associated with different electrophysiological, molecular, and structural alterations in atrial cardiomyocytes. Therefore, more studies are required to elucidate the genetic and molecular basis of AF. Various genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have strongly associated different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with AF. One of these GWAS identified the rs13376333 risk SNP as the most significant one from the 1q21 chromosomal region. The rs13376333 risk SNP is intronic to the KCNN3 gene that encodes for small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels type 3 (SK3). However, the functional electrophysiological effects of this variant are not known. SK channels represent a unique family of K+ channels, primarily regulated by cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, and different studies support their critical role in the regulation of atrial excitability and consequently in the development of arrhythmias like AF. Since different studies have shown that both upregulation and downregulation of SK3 channels can lead to arrhythmias by different mechanisms, an important goal is to elucidate whether the rs13376333 risk SNP is a gain-of-function (GoF) or a loss-of-function (LoF) variant. A better understanding of the functional consequences associated with these SNPs could influence clinical practice guidelines by improving genotype-based risk stratification and personalized treatment. Although research using native human atrial cardiomyocytes and animal models has provided useful insights, each model has its limitations. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop a human-derived model that represents human physiology more accurately than existing animal models. In this context, research with human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and subsequent generation of cardiomyocytes derived from hiPSC (hiPSC-CMs) has revealed the underlying causes of various cardiovascular diseases and identified treatment opportunities that were not possible using in vitro or in vivo studies with animal models. Thus, the ability to generate atrial cardiomyocytes and atrial tissue derived from hiPSCs from human/patients with specific genetic diseases, incorporating novel genetic editing tools to generate isogenic controls and organelle-specific reporters, and 3D bioprinting of atrial tissue could be essential to study AF pathophysiological mechanisms. In this review, we will first give an overview of SK-channel function, its role in atrial fibrillation and outline pathophysiological mechanisms of KCNN3 risk SNPs. We will then highlight the advantages of using the hiPSC-CM model to investigate SNPs associated with AF, while addressing limitations and best practices for rigorous hiPSC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosna Babini
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Verónica Jiménez-Sábado
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- IIB SANT PAU, and CIBERCV, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ekaterina Stogova
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Alia Arslanova
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Mariam Butt
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Saif Dababneh
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Parisa Asghari
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edwin D. W. Moore
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thomas W. Claydon
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | - Leif Hove-Madsen
- IIB SANT PAU, and CIBERCV, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Glen F. Tibbits
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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9
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Álvarez I, Tirado-Herranz A, Alvarez-Palomo B, Osete JR, Edel MJ. Proteomic Analysis of Human iPSC-Derived Neural Stem Cells and Motor Neurons Identifies Proteasome Structural Alterations. Cells 2023; 12:2800. [PMID: 38132120 PMCID: PMC10742145 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteins targeted by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) are identified for degradation by the proteasome, which has been implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules present peptides broken down by the proteasome and are involved in neuronal plasticity, regulating the synapse number and axon regeneration in the central or peripheral nervous system during development and in brain diseases. The mechanisms governing these effects are mostly unknown, but evidence from different compartments of the cerebral cortex indicates the presence of immune-like MHC receptors in the central nervous system. METHODS We used human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiated into neural stem cells and then into motor neurons as a developmental model to better understand the structure of the proteasome in developing motor neurons. We performed a proteomic analysis of starting human skin fibroblasts, their matching iPSCs, differentiated neural stem cells and motor neurons that highlighted significant differences in the constitutive proteasome and immunoproteasome subunits during development toward motor neurons from iPSCs. RESULTS The proteomic analysis showed that the catalytic proteasome subunits expressed in fibroblasts differed from those in the neural stem cells and motor neurons. Western blot analysis confirmed the proteomic data, particularly the decreased expression of the β5i (PSMB8) subunit immunoproteasome in MNs compared to HFFs and increased β5 (PSMB5) in MNs compared to HFFs. CONCLUSION The constitutive proteasome subunits are upregulated in iPSCs and NSCs from HFFs. Immunoproteasome subunit β5i expression is higher in MNs than NSCs; however, overall, there is more of a constitutive proteasome structure in MNs when comparing HFFs to MNs. The proteasome composition may have implications for motor neuron development and neurodevelopmental diseases that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Álvarez
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Fisiologia i Immunologia, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (I.Á.); (A.T.-H.)
| | - Adrián Tirado-Herranz
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Fisiologia i Immunologia, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (I.Á.); (A.T.-H.)
| | - Belén Alvarez-Palomo
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jordi Requena Osete
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 4956 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael J. Edel
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Discipline of Medical Sciences and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
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10
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Nath SC, Menendez L, Friedrich Ben-Nun I. Overcoming the Variability of iPSCs in the Manufacturing of Cell-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16929. [PMID: 38069252 PMCID: PMC10706975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various factors are known to contribute to the diversity of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Among these are the donor's genetic background and family history, the somatic cell source, the iPSC reprogramming method, and the culture system of choice. Moreover, variability is seen even in iPSC clones, generated in a single reprogramming event, where the donor, somatic cell type, and reprogramming platform are the same. The diversity seen in iPSC lines often translates to epigenetic differences, as well as to differences in the expansion rate, iPSC line culture robustness, and their ability to differentiate into specific cell types. As such, the diversity of iPSCs presents a hurdle to standardizing iPSC-based cell therapy manufacturing. In this review, we will expand on the various factors that impact iPSC diversity and the strategies and tools that could be taken by the industry to overcome the differences amongst various iPSC lines, therefore enabling robust and reproducible iPSC-based cell therapy manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman C. Nath
- Cell Therapy Process Department, Lonza Inc., Houston, TX 77047, USA; (S.C.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Laura Menendez
- Cell Therapy Process Department, Lonza Inc., Houston, TX 77047, USA; (S.C.N.); (L.M.)
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11
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Lv S, He E, Luo J, Liu Y, Liang W, Xu S, Zhang K, Yang Y, Wang M, Song Y, Wu Y, Cai X. Using Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Neurons on Microelectrode Arrays to Model Neurological Disease: A Review. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301828. [PMID: 37863819 PMCID: PMC10667858 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
In situ physiological signals of in vitro neural disease models are essential for studying pathogenesis and drug screening. Currently, an increasing number of in vitro neural disease models are established using human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derived neurons (hiPSC-DNs) to overcome interspecific gene expression differences. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) can be readily interfaced with two-dimensional (2D), and more recently, three-dimensional (3D) neural stem cell-derived in vitro models of the human brain to monitor their physiological activity in real time. Therefore, MEAs are emerging and useful tools to model neurological disorders and disease in vitro using human iPSCs. This is enabling a real-time window into neuronal signaling at the network scale from patient derived. This paper provides a comprehensive review of MEA's role in analyzing neural disease models established by hiPSC-DNs. It covers the significance of MEA fabrication, surface structure and modification schemes for hiPSC-DNs culturing and signal detection. Additionally, this review discusses advances in the development and use of MEA technology to study in vitro neural disease models, including epilepsy, autism spectrum developmental disorder (ASD), and others established using hiPSC-DNs. The paper also highlights the application of MEAs combined with hiPSC-DNs in detecting in vitro neurotoxic substances. Finally, the future development and outlook of multifunctional and integrated devices for in vitro medical diagnostics and treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiya Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Enhui He
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- The State Key Lab of Brain‐Machine IntelligenceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou321100China
| | - Jinping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yaoyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Shihong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Mixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yilin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yirong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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12
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Di Credico A, Gaggi G, Bucci I, Ghinassi B, Di Baldassarre A. The Effects of Combined Exposure to Bisphenols and Perfluoroalkyls on Human Perinatal Stem Cells and the Potential Implications for Health Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15018. [PMID: 37834465 PMCID: PMC10573528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the impact of two endocrine disruptors, namely Bisphenols (BPs) and Perfluoroalkyls (PFs), on human stem cells. These chemicals leach from plastic, and when ingested through contaminated food and water, they interfere with endogenous hormone signaling, causing various diseases. While the ability of BPs and PFs to cross the placental barrier and accumulate in fetal serum has been documented, the exact consequences for human development require further elucidation. The present research work explored the effects of combined exposure to BPs (BPA or BPS) and PFs (PFOS and PFOA) on human placenta (fetal membrane mesenchymal stromal cells, hFM-MSCs) and amniotic fluid (hAFSCs)-derived stem cells. The effects of the xenobiotics were assessed by analyzing cell proliferation, mitochondrial functionality, and the expression of genes involved in pluripotency and epigenetic regulation, which are crucial for early human development. Our findings demonstrate that antenatal exposure to BPs and/or PFs may alter the biological characteristics of perinatal stem cells and fetal epigenome, with potential implications for health outcomes at birth and in adulthood. Further research is necessary to comprehend the full extent of these effects and their long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Credico
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.C.); (I.B.); (B.G.); (A.D.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- UdA TechLab Center (UdATech), 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Gaggi
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.C.); (I.B.); (B.G.); (A.D.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- UdA TechLab Center (UdATech), 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ines Bucci
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.C.); (I.B.); (B.G.); (A.D.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara Ghinassi
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.C.); (I.B.); (B.G.); (A.D.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- UdA TechLab Center (UdATech), 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.C.); (I.B.); (B.G.); (A.D.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- UdA TechLab Center (UdATech), 66100 Chieti, Italy
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13
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Liu X, Wen J, Liu X, Chen A, Li S, Liu J, Sun J, Gong W, Kang X, Feng Z, He C, Mei L, Ling J, Feng Y. Gene regulation analysis of patient-derived iPSCs and its CRISPR-corrected control provides a new tool for studying perturbations of ELMOD3 c.512A>G mutation during the development of inherited hearing loss. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288640. [PMID: 37708136 PMCID: PMC10501637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ELMOD3 gene is implicated in causing autosomal recessive/dominant non-syndromic hearing loss in humans. However, the etiology has yet to be completely elucidated. In this study, we generated a patient-derived iPSC line carrying ELMOD3 c.512A>G mutation. In addition, the patient-derived iPSC line was corrected by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. Then we applied RNA sequencing profiling to compare the patient-derived iPSC line with different controls, respectively (the healthy sibling-derived iPSCs and the CRISPR/Cas9 corrected iPSCs). Functional enrichment and PPI network analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in the gene ontology, such as sensory epithelial development, intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization, and the regulation of ion transmembrane transport. Our current work provided a new tool for studying how disruption of ELMOD3 mechanistically drives hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Major Disease Research of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Anhai Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Major Disease Research of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sijun Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Major Disease Research of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Major Disease Research of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoming Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhili Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chufeng He
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Major Disease Research of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingyun Mei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Major Disease Research of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Ling
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
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14
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Kurup JT, Kim S, Kidder BL. Identifying Cancer Type-Specific Transcriptional Programs through Network Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4167. [PMID: 37627195 PMCID: PMC10453000 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying cancer type-specific genes that define cell states is important to develop effective therapies for patients and methods for detection, early diagnosis, and prevention. While molecular mechanisms that drive malignancy have been identified for various cancers, the identification of cell-type defining transcription factors (TFs) that distinguish normal cells from cancer cells has not been fully elucidated. Here, we utilized a network biology framework, which assesses the fidelity of cell fate conversions, to identify cancer type-specific gene regulatory networks (GRN) for 17 types of cancer. Through an integrative analysis of a compendium of expression data, we elucidated core TFs and GRNs for multiple cancer types. Moreover, by comparing normal tissues and cells to cancer type-specific GRNs, we found that the expression of key network-influencing TFs can be utilized as a survival prognostic indicator for a diverse cohort of cancer patients. These findings offer a valuable resource for exploring cancer type-specific networks across a broad range of cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiji T. Kurup
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (J.T.K.); (S.K.)
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Seongho Kim
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (J.T.K.); (S.K.)
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Kidder
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (J.T.K.); (S.K.)
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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15
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Cao S, Gao X, Liu F, Chen Y, Na Q, Meng Q, Shao P, Chen C, Song Y, Wu B, Li X, Bao S. Derivation and characteristics of induced pluripotent stem cells from a patient with acute myelitis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1172385. [PMID: 37519296 PMCID: PMC10375497 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1172385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides an approach to understand the regulatory mechanisms of cell pluripotency and demonstrates the great potential of iPSCs in disease modeling. Acute myelitis defines a group of inflammatory diseases that cause acute nerve damage in the spinal cord; however, its pathophysiology remains to be elusive. In this study, we derived skin fibroblasts from a patient with acute myelitis (P-HAF) and then reprogrammed P-HAF cells to iPSCs using eight exogenous factors (namely, OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, KLF4, NANOG, LIN28, RARG, and LRH1). We performed transcriptomic analysis of the P-HAF and compared the biological characteristics of the iPSCs derived from the patient (P-iPSCs) with those derived from normal individuals in terms of pluripotency, transcriptomic characteristics, and differentiation ability toward the ectoderm. Compared to the control iPSCs, the P-iPSCs displayed similar features of pluripotency and comparable capability of ectoderm differentiation in the specified culture. However, when tested in the common medium, the P-iPSCs showed attenuated potential for ectoderm differentiation. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that pathways enriched in P-iPSCs included those involved in Wnt signaling. To this end, we treated iPSCs and P-iPSCs with the Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor IWR1 during the differentiation process and found that the expression of the ectoderm marker Sox1 was increased significantly in P-iPSCs. This study provides a novel approach to investigating the pathogenesis of acute myelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xinyue Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanglin Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qin Na
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Meng
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Peng Shao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chen Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongli Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Baojiang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xihe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot, China
| | - Siqin Bao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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16
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Schloo C, Kutscher LM. Modeling brain and neural crest neoplasms with human pluripotent stem cells. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1225-1235. [PMID: 36757217 PMCID: PMC10326493 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells offer unique avenues to study human-specific aspects of disease and are a highly versatile tool in cancer research. Oncogenic processes and developmental programs often share overlapping transcriptomic and epigenetic signatures, which can be reactivated in induced pluripotent stem cells. With the emergence of brain organoids, the ability to recapitulate brain development and structure has vastly improved, making in vitro models more realistic and hence more suitable for biomedical modeling. This review highlights recent research and current challenges in human pluripotent stem cell modeling of brain and neural crest neoplasms, and concludes with a call for more rigorous quality control and for the development of models for rare tumor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedar Schloo
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena M Kutscher
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Developmental Origins of Pediatric Cancer Junior Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Correia CD, Ferreira A, Fernandes MT, Silva BM, Esteves F, Leitão HS, Bragança J, Calado SM. Human Stem Cells for Cardiac Disease Modeling and Preclinical and Clinical Applications—Are We on the Road to Success? Cells 2023; 12:1727. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/cells12131727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are pointed out by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the leading cause of death, contributing to a significant and growing global health and economic burden. Despite advancements in clinical approaches, there is a critical need for innovative cardiovascular treatments to improve patient outcomes. Therapies based on adult stem cells (ASCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have emerged as promising strategies to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue and restore cardiac function. Moreover, the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells has opened new avenues for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine applications, with fewer ethical concerns than those associated with ESCs. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art review on the application of human pluripotent stem cells in CVD research and clinics. We describe the types and sources of stem cells that have been tested in preclinical and clinical trials for the treatment of CVDs as well as the applications of pluripotent stem-cell-derived in vitro systems to mimic disease phenotypes. How human stem-cell-based in vitro systems can overcome the limitations of current toxicological studies is also discussed. Finally, the current state of clinical trials involving stem-cell-based approaches to treat CVDs are presented, and the strengths and weaknesses are critically discussed to assess whether researchers and clinicians are getting closer to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia D. Correia
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Anita Ferreira
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Mónica T. Fernandes
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- School of Health, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Bárbara M. Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Esteves
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Helena S. Leitão
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - José Bragança
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia M. Calado
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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18
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Correia CD, Ferreira A, Fernandes MT, Silva BM, Esteves F, Leitão HS, Bragança J, Calado SM. Human Stem Cells for Cardiac Disease Modeling and Preclinical and Clinical Applications-Are We on the Road to Success? Cells 2023; 12:1727. [PMID: 37443761 PMCID: PMC10341347 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are pointed out by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the leading cause of death, contributing to a significant and growing global health and economic burden. Despite advancements in clinical approaches, there is a critical need for innovative cardiovascular treatments to improve patient outcomes. Therapies based on adult stem cells (ASCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have emerged as promising strategies to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue and restore cardiac function. Moreover, the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells has opened new avenues for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine applications, with fewer ethical concerns than those associated with ESCs. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art review on the application of human pluripotent stem cells in CVD research and clinics. We describe the types and sources of stem cells that have been tested in preclinical and clinical trials for the treatment of CVDs as well as the applications of pluripotent stem-cell-derived in vitro systems to mimic disease phenotypes. How human stem-cell-based in vitro systems can overcome the limitations of current toxicological studies is also discussed. Finally, the current state of clinical trials involving stem-cell-based approaches to treat CVDs are presented, and the strengths and weaknesses are critically discussed to assess whether researchers and clinicians are getting closer to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia D. Correia
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Anita Ferreira
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Mónica T. Fernandes
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- School of Health, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Bárbara M. Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Esteves
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Helena S. Leitão
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - José Bragança
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia M. Calado
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Xu Z, Yang J, Xin X, Liu C, Li L, Mei X, Li M. Merits and challenges of iPSC-derived organoids for clinical applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1188905. [PMID: 37305682 PMCID: PMC10250752 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1188905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have entered an unprecedented state of development since they were first generated. They have played a critical role in disease modeling, drug discovery, and cell replacement therapy, and have contributed to the evolution of disciplines such as cell biology, pathophysiology of diseases, and regenerative medicine. Organoids, the stem cell-derived 3D culture systems that mimic the structure and function of organs in vitro, have been widely used in developmental research, disease modeling, and drug screening. Recent advances in combining iPSCs with 3D organoids are facilitating further applications of iPSCs in disease research. Organoids derived from embryonic stem cells, iPSCs, and multi-tissue stem/progenitor cells can replicate the processes of developmental differentiation, homeostatic self-renewal, and regeneration due to tissue damage, offering the potential to unravel the regulatory mechanisms of development and regeneration, and elucidate the pathophysiological processes involved in disease mechanisms. Herein, we have summarized the latest research on the production scheme of organ-specific iPSC-derived organoids, the contribution of these organoids in the treatment of various organ-related diseases, in particular their contribution to COVID-19 treatment, and have discussed the unresolved challenges and shortcomings of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lequn Branch, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxu Yang
- Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xianyi Xin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chengrun Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xianglin Mei
- Department of pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meiying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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20
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Ietto G, Iori V, Gritti M, Inversini D, Costantino A, Izunza Barba S, Jiang ZG, Carcano G, Dalla Gasperina D, Pettinato G. Multicellular Liver Organoids: Generation and Importance of Diverse Specialized Cellular Components. Cells 2023; 12:1429. [PMID: 37408262 PMCID: PMC10217024 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 40,000 patients in the United States are estimated to suffer from end-stage liver disease and acute hepatic failure, for which liver transplantation is the only available therapy. Human primary hepatocytes (HPH) have not been employed as a therapeutic tool due to the difficulty in growing and expanding them in vitro, their sensitivity to cold temperatures, and tendency to dedifferentiate following two-dimensional culture. The differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into liver organoids (LO) has emerged as a potential alternative to orthotropic liver transplantation (OLT). However, several factors limit the efficiency of liver differentiation from hiPSCs, including a low proportion of differentiated cells capable of reaching a mature phenotype, the poor reproducibility of existing differentiation protocols, and insufficient long-term viability in vitro and in vivo. This review will analyze various methodologies being developed to improve hepatic differentiation from hiPSCs into liver organoids, paying particular attention to the use of endothelial cells as supportive cells for their further maturation. Here, we demonstrate why differentiated liver organoids can be used as a research tool for drug testing and disease modeling, or employed as a bridge for liver transplantation following liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ietto
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Innovation Technology (DiMIT), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Valentina Iori
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Innovation Technology (DiMIT), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Mattia Gritti
- Department of General Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Inversini
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Innovation Technology (DiMIT), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Angelita Costantino
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Sofia Izunza Barba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Z. Gordon Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Giulio Carcano
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Innovation Technology (DiMIT), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Daniela Dalla Gasperina
- Department of Medicine and Innovation Technology (DiMIT), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pettinato
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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21
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Rocha T, Teixeira AM, Gomes SG, André A, Martins P, Ferreira J, Negrão R. A 3D printed hydrogel to promote human keratinocytes' spheroid-based growth. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1089-1099. [PMID: 36573459 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering uses cells and biomaterials to develop bioartificial tissue substitutes for different purposes. For example, although several skin models have been developed for pharmaceutical and cosmetic research and skin wound healing, there are few studies on 3D cultures of keratinocytes in 3D printed scaffolds. So, this work aimed to develop a 3D-printed hydrogel scaffold to promote human keratinocyte growth. Mesh 3D scaffolds were printed using an extrusion-based method with a 20% gelatin/5% alginate hydrogel, where HaCaT cells were cultured for 7 days. Scaffolds kept their structure for over 1 week, and their stiffness only decreased after 7 days, showing good mechanical and structural characteristics and biodegradability (27% weight lost). Viable keratinocytes (MTT assay) are aggregated into spheroids, a 3D model capable of mimicking in vivo cell properties and phenotypes. Spheroids were formed on 47% of scaffolds pores and grew over time, showing promising cell proliferation. F-actin staining showed cells' irregular and interconnected shapes and organization over time. This method offers an easy and inexpensive solution for keratinocyte spheroid formation, which may be helpful in tissue engineering as a cell delivery system, for pharmacological or basic research, or wound healing medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Rocha
- Department of Biomedicine, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Teixeira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana G Gomes
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto-IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António André
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Martins
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal.,Aragonese Foundation for Research and Development (ARAID), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (i3A), University of Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
| | - João Ferreira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Negrão
- Department of Biomedicine, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS @ RISE - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
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22
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Xiang H, Xu H, Tan B, Yi Q, Zhang X, Wang R, Chen T, Xie Q, Tian J, Zhu J. AKAP1 Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics during the Fatty-Acid-Promoted Maturation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes as Indicated by Proteomics Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098112. [PMID: 37175819 PMCID: PMC10178876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are cells with promising applications. However, their immaturity has restricted their use in cell therapy, disease modeling, and other studies. Therefore, the current study focused on inducing the maturation of CMs. We supplemented hiPSC-CMs with fatty acids (FAs) to promote their phenotypic maturity. Proteomic sequencing was performed to identify regulators critical for promoting the maturation of hiPSC-CMs. AKAP1 was found to be significantly increased in FA-treated hiPSC-CMs, and the results were verified. Therefore, we inhibited AKAP1 expression in the FA-treated cells and analyzed the outcomes. FA supplementation promoted the morphological and functional maturation of the hiPSC-CMs, which was accompanied by the development of a mitochondrial network. Proteomic analysis results revealed that AKAP1 expression was significantly higher in FA-treated hiPSC-CMs than in control cells. In addition, increased phosphorylation of the mitochondrial dynamin Drp1 and an increased mitochondrial fusion rate were found in FA-treated hiPSC-CMs. After AKAP1 was knocked down, the level of DRP1 phosphorylation in the cell was decreased, and the mitochondrial fusion rate was reduced. FA supplementation effectively promoted the maturation of hiPSC-CMs, and in these cells, AKAP1 regulated mitochondrial dynamics, possibly playing a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Qin Yi
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Tangtian Chen
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Qiumin Xie
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Department of Cardiovascular (Internal Medicine), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
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23
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Yu Q, Wang Q, Zhang L, Deng W, Cao X, Wang Z, Sun X, Yu J, Xu X. The applications of 3D printing in wound healing: the external delivery of stem cells and antibiosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114823. [PMID: 37068658 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
As the global number of chronic wound patients rises, the financial burden and social pressure on patients increase daily. Stem cells have emerged as promising tissue engineering seed cells due to their enriched sources, multidirectional differentiation ability, and high proliferation rate. However, delivering them in vitro for the treatment of skin injury is still challenging. In addition, bacteria from the wound site and the environment can significantly impact wound healing. In the last decade, 3D bioprinting has dramatically enriched cell delivery systems. The produced scaffolds by this technique can be precisely localized within cells and perform antibacterial actions. In this review, we summarized the 3D bioprinting-based external delivery of stem cells and their antibiosis to improve wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtong Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Qilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Linzhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xia Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xuan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Ximing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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24
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Rani R, Nayak M, Nayak B. Exploring the reprogramming potential of B cells and comprehending its clinical and therapeutic perspective. Transpl Immunol 2023; 78:101804. [PMID: 36921730 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Initiating from multipotent progenitors, the lineages extrapolated from hematopoietic stem cells are determined by transcription factors specific to each of them. The commitment factors assist in the differentiation of progenitor cells into terminally differentiated cells. B lymphocytes constitute a population of cells that expresses clonally diverse cell surface immunoglobulin (Ig) receptors specific to antigenic epitopes. B cells are a significant facet of the adaptive immune system. The secreted antibodies corresponding to the B cell recognize the antigens via the B cell receptor (BCR). Following antigen recognition, the B cell is activated and thereafter undergoes clonal expansion and proliferation to become memory B cells. The essence of 'cellular reprogramming' has aided in reliably altering the cells to desired tissue type. The potential of reprogramming has been harnessed to decipher and find solutions for various genetically inherited diseases and degenerative disorders. B lymphocytes can be reprogrammed to their initial naive state from where they get differentiated into any lineage or cell type similar to a pluripotent stem cell which can be accomplished by the deletion of master regulators of the B cell lineage. B cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells and also can undergo transdifferentiation at the midway of cell differentiation to other cell types. Mandated expression of C/EBP in specialized B cells corresponds to their fast and effective reprogramming into macrophages, reversing the cell fate of these lymphocytes and allowing them to differentiate freshly into other types of cells. The co-expression of C/EBPα and OKSM (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) amplified the reprogramming efficiency of B lymphocytes. Various human somatic cells including the immune cells are compliant to reprogramming which paves a path for opportunities like autologous tissue grafts, blood transfusion, and cancer immunotherapy. The ability to reprogram B cells offers an unprecedented opportunity for developing a therapeutic approach for several human diseases. Here, we will focus on all the proteins and transcription factors responsible for the developmental commitment of B lymphocytes and how it is harnessed in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetika Rani
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha. 769008, India
| | - Madhusmita Nayak
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha. 769008, India
| | - Bismita Nayak
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha. 769008, India.
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25
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Wang L, Nguyen T, Rosa-Garrido M, Zhou Y, Cleveland DC, Zhang J. Comparative analysis of the cardiomyocyte differentiation potential of induced pluripotent stem cells reprogrammed from human atrial or ventricular fibroblasts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1108340. [PMID: 36845191 PMCID: PMC9950567 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1108340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We had shown that cardiomyocytes (CMs) were more efficiently differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) when the hiPSCs were reprogrammed from cardiac fibroblasts rather than dermal fibroblasts or blood mononuclear cells. Here, we continued to investigate the relationship between somatic-cell lineage and hiPSC-CM production by comparing the yield and functional properties of CMs differentiated from iPSCs reprogrammed from human atrial or ventricular cardiac fibroblasts (AiPSC or ViPSC, respectively). Methods: Atrial and ventricular heart tissues were obtained from the same patient, reprogrammed into AiPSCs or ViPSCs, and then differentiated into CMs (AiPSC-CMs or ViPSC-CMs, respectively) via established protocols. Results: The time-course of expression for pluripotency genes (OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2), the early mesodermal marker Brachyury, the cardiac mesodermal markers MESP1 and Gata4, and the cardiovascular progenitor-cell transcription factor NKX2.5 were broadly similar in AiPSC-CMs and ViPSC-CMs during the differentiation protocol. Flow-cytometry analyses of cardiac troponin T expression also indicated that purity of the two differentiated hiPSC-CM populations (AiPSC-CMs: 88.23% ± 4.69%, ViPSC-CMs: 90.25% ± 4.99%) was equivalent. While the field-potential durations were significantly longer in ViPSC-CMs than in AiPSC-CMs, measurements of action potential duration, beat period, spike amplitude, conduction velocity, and peak calcium-transient amplitude did not differ significantly between the two hiPSC-CM populations. Yet, our cardiac-origin iPSC-CM showed higher ADP and conduction velocity than previously reported iPSC-CM derived from non-cardiac tissues. Transcriptomic data comparing iPSC and iPSC-CMs showed similar gene expression profiles between AiPSC-CMs and ViPSC-CMs with significant differences when compared to iPSC-CM derived from other tissues. This analysis also pointed to several genes involved in electrophysiology processes responsible for the physiological differences observed between cardiac and non-cardiac-derived cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: AiPSC and ViPSC were differentiated into CMs with equal efficiency. Detected differences in electrophysiological properties, calcium handling activity, and transcription profiles between cardiac and non-cardiac derived cardiomyocytes demonstrated that 1) tissue of origin matters to generate a better-featured iPSC-CMs, 2) the sublocation within the cardiac tissue has marginal effects on the differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Manuel Rosa-Garrido
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - David C. Cleveland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Children’s Hospital of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Girard SD, Julien-Gau I, Molino Y, Combes BF, Greetham L, Khrestchatisky M, Nivet E. High and low permeability of human pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models depend on epithelial or endothelial features. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22770. [PMID: 36688807 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201422r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The search for reliable human blood-brain barrier (BBB) models represents a challenge for the development/testing of strategies aiming to enhance brain delivery of drugs. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have raised hopes in the development of predictive BBB models. Differentiating strategies are thus required to generate endothelial cells (ECs), a major component of the BBB. Several hiPSC-based protocols have reported the generation of in vitro models with significant differences in barrier properties. We studied in depth the properties of iPSCs byproducts from two protocols that have been established to yield these in vitro barrier models. Our analysis/study reveals that iPSCs derivatives endowed with EC features yield high permeability models while the cells that exhibit outstanding barrier properties show principally epithelial cell-like (EpC) features. We found that models containing EpC-like cells express tight junction proteins, transporters/efflux pumps and display a high functional tightness with very low permeability, which are features commonly shared between BBB and epithelial barriers. Our study demonstrates that hiPSC-based BBB models need extensive characterization beforehand and that a reliable human BBB model containing EC-like cells and displaying low permeability is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane D Girard
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, INP, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Faculty of Medicine, VECT-HORUS SAS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Yves Molino
- Faculty of Medicine, VECT-HORUS SAS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Louise Greetham
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, INP, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Khrestchatisky
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, INP, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Nivet
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, INP, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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Identification of marker genes to monitor residual iPSCs in iPSC-derived products. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:59-67. [PMID: 36319564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engineered tissues and cell therapies based on human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a promising approach for novel medicines. However, iPSC-derived cells and tissues may contain residual undifferentiated iPSCs that could lead to teratoma formation after implantation into patients. As a consequence, highly sensitive and specific methods for detecting residual undifferentiated iPSCs are indispensable for safety evaluations of iPSC-based therapies. The present study provides an approach for identifying potential marker genes for iPSC impurities in iPSC-derived cells using RNA sequencing data from iPSCs and various differentiated cell types. METHODS Identifying iPSC marker genes for each cell type individually provided a larger and more specific set of potential marker genes than considering all cell types in the analysis. Thus, the authors focused on identifying markers for iPSC impurities in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iCMs) and validated the selected genes by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The sensitivity of the candidate genes was determined by spiking different amounts of iPSCs into iCMs and their performance was compared with the previously suggested marker lin-28 homolog A (LIN28A). RESULTS Embryonic stem cell-related gene (ESRG), long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 678 (LINC00678), CaM kinase-like vesicle-associated (CAMKV), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), chondromodulin (CNMD), LINE1-type transposase domain containing 1 (L1DT1), LIN28A, lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK), vertebrae development-associated (VRTN) and zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 10 (ZSCAN10) detected contaminant iPSCs among iCMs with a limit of detection that ranged from 0.001% to 0.1% depending on the gene and iCM batch used. CONCLUSIONS Using the example of iCMs, the authors provide a strategy for identifying a set of highly specific and sensitive markers that can be used for quality assessment of iPSC-derived products.
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Kim M, Park J, Kim S, Han DW, Shin B, Schöler HR, Kim J, Kim KP. Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines by Electroporation of Episomal Vectors. Int J Stem Cells 2022; 16:36-43. [PMID: 36581370 PMCID: PMC9978833 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc22177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) deposited from disease-affected individuals could be a valuable donor cell source for generating disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, generation of iPSCs from the LCLs is still challenging, as yet no effective gene delivery strategy has been developed. Methods and Results Here, we reveal an effective gene delivery method specifically for LCLs. We found that LCLs appear to be refractory toward retroviral and lentiviral transduction. Consequently, lentiviral and retroviral transduction of OCT4, SOX2, KFL4 and c-MYC into LCLs does not elicit iPSC colony formation. Interestingly, however we found that transfection of oriP/EBNA-1-based episomal vectors by electroporation is an efficient gene delivery system into LCLs, enabling iPSC generation from LCLs. These iPSCs expressed pluripotency makers (OCT4, NANOG, SSEA4, SALL4) and could form embryoid bodies. Conclusions Our data show that electroporation is an effective gene delivery method with which LCLs can be efficiently reprogrammed into iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghyun Kim
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junmyeong Park
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Han
- School of Biotechnology and Healthcare, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Borami Shin
- Department of General Pediatrics, University of Children’s Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hans Robert Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Johnny Kim
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Kee-Pyo Kim
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany,Correspondence to Kee-Pyo Kim, Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea, Tel: +82-2-3147-8409, Fax: +82-2-532-9575, E-mail:
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29
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Ahmad M, Stirmlinger N, Jan I, Stifel U, Lee S, Weingandt M, Kelp U, Bockmann J, Ignatius A, Böckers TM, Tuckermann J. Downregulation of the Autism Spectrum Disorder Gene Shank2 Decreases Bone Mass in Male Mice. JBMR Plus 2022; 7:e10711. [PMID: 36751416 PMCID: PMC9893268 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the postsynaptic scaffold protein Shank2 lead to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). These patients frequently suffer from higher fracture risk. Here, we investigated whether Shank2 directly regulates bone mass. We show that Shank2 is expressed in bone and that Shank2 levels are increased during osteoblastogenesis. Knockdown of Shank2 by siRNA targeting the encoding regions for PDZ and SAM domain inhibits osteoblastogenesis of primary murine calvarial osteoblasts. Shank2 knockout mice (Shank2 -/-) have a decreased bone mass due to reduced osteoblastogenesis and bone formation, whereas bone resorption remains unaffected. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived osteoblasts from a loss-of-function Shank2 mutation in a patient showed a significantly reduced osteoblast differentiation potential. Moreover, silencing of known Shank2 interacting proteins revealed that a majority of them promote osteoblast differentiation. From this we conclude that Shank2 and interacting proteins known from the central nervous system are decisive regulators in osteoblast differentiation. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Ahmad
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | | | - Irfana Jan
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Ulrich Stifel
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Marcel Weingandt
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Ulrike Kelp
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Jürgen Bockmann
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell BiologyUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and BiomechanicsUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | | | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME)Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
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Lozano J, Rai A, Lees JG, Fang H, Claridge B, Lim SY, Greening DW. Scalable Generation of Nanovesicles from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cardiac Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14334. [PMID: 36430812 PMCID: PMC9696585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from stem cells have shown significant therapeutic potential to repair injured cardiac tissues and regulate pathological fibrosis. However, scalable generation of stem cells and derived EVs for clinical utility remains a huge technical challenge. Here, we report a rapid size-based extrusion strategy to generate EV-like membranous nanovesicles (NVs) from easily sourced human iPSCs in large quantities (yield 900× natural EVs). NVs isolated using density-gradient separation (buoyant density 1.13 g/mL) are spherical in shape and morphologically intact and readily internalised by human cardiomyocytes, primary cardiac fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. NVs captured the dynamic proteome of parental cells and include pluripotency markers (LIN28A, OCT4) and regulators of cardiac repair processes, including tissue repair (GJA1, HSP20/27/70, HMGB1), wound healing (FLNA, MYH9, ACTC1, ILK), stress response/translation initiation (eIF2S1/S2/S3/B4), hypoxia response (HMOX2, HSP90, GNB1), and extracellular matrix organization (ITGA6, MFGE8, ITGB1). Functionally, NVs significantly promoted tubule formation of endothelial cells (angiogenesis) (p < 0.05) and survival of cardiomyocytes exposed to low oxygen conditions (hypoxia) (p < 0.0001), as well as attenuated TGF-β mediated activation of cardiac fibroblasts (p < 0.0001). Quantitative proteome profiling of target cell proteome following NV treatments revealed upregulation of angiogenic proteins (MFGE8, MYH10, VDAC2) in endothelial cells and pro-survival proteins (CNN2, THBS1, IGF2R) in cardiomyocytes. In contrast, NVs attenuated TGF-β-driven extracellular matrix remodelling capacity in cardiac fibroblasts (ACTN1, COL1A1/2/4A2/12A1, ITGA1/11, THBS1). This study presents a scalable approach to generating functional NVs for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lozano
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jarmon G. Lees
- O’Brien Institute Department, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Haoyun Fang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Bethany Claridge
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Shiang Y. Lim
- O’Brien Institute Department, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Drug Discovery Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - David W. Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
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Thanaskody K, Jusop AS, Tye GJ, Wan Kamarul Zaman WS, Dass SA, Nordin F. MSCs vs. iPSCs: Potential in therapeutic applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1005926. [PMID: 36407112 PMCID: PMC9666898 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1005926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted a lot of interest as a unique therapeutic approach for a variety of diseases. MSCs are capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacity, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties allowing it to play a role in regenerative medicine. Furthermore, MSCs are low in tumorigenicity and immune privileged, which permits the use of allogeneic MSCs for therapies that eliminate the need to collect MSCs directly from patients. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated from adult cells through gene reprogramming with ectopic expression of specific pluripotency factors. Advancement in iPS technology avoids the destruction of embryos to make pluripotent cells, making it free of ethical concerns. iPSCs can self-renew and develop into a plethora of specialized cells making it a useful resource for regenerative medicine as they may be created from any human source. MSCs have also been used to treat individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. MSCs have undergone more clinical trials than iPSCs due to high tumorigenicity, which can trigger oncogenic transformation. In this review, we discussed the overview of mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. We briefly present therapeutic approaches and COVID-19-related diseases using MSCs and iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiselvaan Thanaskody
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amirah Syamimi Jusop
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gee Jun Tye
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sylvia Annabel Dass
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Fazlina Nordin
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Fazlina Nordin,
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An Alternate Approach to Generate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Precise CRISPR/Cas9 Tool. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:4537335. [PMID: 36187228 PMCID: PMC9522500 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4537335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are considered powerful tools in pharmacology, biomedicine, toxicology, and cell therapy. Multiple approaches have been used to generate iPSCs with the expression of reprogramming factors. Here, we generated iPSCs by integrating the reprogramming cassette into a genomic safe harbor, CASH-1, with the use of a precise genome editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9. The integration of cassette at CASH-1 into target cells did not alter the pattern of proliferation and interleukin-6 secretion as a response to ligands of multiple signaling pathways involving tumor necrosis factor-α receptor, interleukin-1 receptor, and toll-like receptors. Moreover, doxycycline-inducible expression of OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4 reprogrammed engineered human dermal fibroblasts and human embryonic kidney cell line into iPSCs. The generated iPSCs showed their potential to make embryoid bodies and differentiate into the derivatives of all three germ layers. Collectively, our data emphasize the exploitation of CASH-1 by CRISPR/Cas9 tool for therapeutic and biotechnological applications including but not limited to reprogramming of engineered cells into iPSCs.
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Andersson E, Sjö M, Kaji K, Olariu V. CELLoGeNe - An energy landscape framework for logical networks controlling cell decisions. iScience 2022; 25:104743. [PMID: 35942105 PMCID: PMC9356104 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and computational efforts are constantly made to elucidate mechanisms controlling cell fate decisions during development and reprogramming. One powerful computational method is to consider cell commitment and reprogramming as movements in an energy landscape. Here, we develop Computation of Energy Landscapes of Logical Gene Networks (CELLoGeNe), which maps Boolean implementation of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) into energy landscapes. CELLoGeNe removes inadvertent symmetries in the energy landscapes normally arising from standard Boolean operators. Furthermore, CELLoGeNe provides tools to visualize and stochastically analyze the shapes of multi-dimensional energy landscapes corresponding to epigenetic landscapes for development and reprogramming. We demonstrate CELLoGeNe on two GRNs governing different aspects of induced pluripotent stem cells, identifying experimentally validated attractors and revealing potential reprogramming roadblocks. CELLoGeNe is a general framework that can be applied to various biological systems offering a broad picture of intracellular dynamics otherwise inaccessible with existing methods. CELLoGeNe – Computation of Energy Landscapes of Logical Gene Networks Cell states as landscape attractors Maintenance and acquisition of cell pluripotency applications Single cell stochastic landscape navigation and visualization tool
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35
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Soltani Dehnavi S, Eivazi Zadeh Z, Harvey AR, Voelcker NH, Parish CL, Williams RJ, Elnathan R, Nisbet DR. Changing Fate: Reprogramming Cells via Engineered Nanoscale Delivery Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108757. [PMID: 35396884 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of nanotechnology in regenerative medicine is at the nexus of fundamental innovations and early-stage breakthroughs, enabling exciting biomedical advances. One of the most exciting recent developments is the use of nanoscale constructs to influence the fate of cells, which are the basic building blocks of healthy function. Appropriate cell types can be effectively manipulated by direct cell reprogramming; a robust technique to manipulate cellular function and fate, underpinning burgeoning advances in drug delivery systems, regenerative medicine, and disease remodeling. Individual transcription factors, or combinations thereof, can be introduced into cells using both viral and nonviral delivery systems. Existing approaches have inherent limitations. Viral-based tools include issues of viral integration into the genome of the cells, the propensity for uncontrollable silencing, reduced copy potential and cell specificity, and neutralization via the immune response. Current nonviral cell reprogramming tools generally suffer from inferior expression efficiency. Nanomaterials are increasingly being explored to address these challenges and improve the efficacy of both viral and nonviral delivery because of their unique properties such as small size and high surface area. This review presents the state-of-the-art research in cell reprogramming, focused on recent breakthroughs in the deployment of nanomaterials as cell reprogramming delivery tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Soltani Dehnavi
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Health & Medicine, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Research School of Chemistry, ANU College of Science, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ANU College of Engineering & Computer Science, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Zahra Eivazi Zadeh
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alan R Harvey
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, and Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Clare L Parish
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Richard J Williams
- iMPACT, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Roey Elnathan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- iMPACT, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - David R Nisbet
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Health & Medicine, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Research School of Chemistry, ANU College of Science, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Gaggi G, Di Credico A, Guarnieri S, Mariggiò MA, Di Baldassarre A, Ghinassi B. Human mesenchymal amniotic fluid stem cells reveal an unexpected neuronal potential differentiating into functional spinal motor neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:936990. [PMID: 35938174 PMCID: PMC9354810 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.936990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amniotic fluids stem cells (hAFSCs) can be easily isolated from the amniotic fluid during routinely scheduled amniocentesis. Unlike hiPSCs or hESC, they are neither tumorigenic nor immunogenic and their use does not rise ethical or safety issues: for these reasons they may represent a good candidate for the regenerative medicine. hAFSCs are generally considered multipotent and committed towards the mesodermal lineages; however, they express many pluripotent markers and share some epigenetic features with hiPSCs. Hence, we hypothesized that hAFSCs may overcome their mesodermal commitment differentiating into to ectodermal lineages. Here we demonstrated that by the sequential exposure to specific factors, hAFSCs can give rise to spinal motor neurons (MNs), as evidenced by the gradual gene and protein upregulation of early and late MN markers (PAX6, ISL1, HB9, NF-L, vAChT). When co-cultured with myotubes, hAFSCs-derived MNs were able to create functional neuromuscular junctions that induced robust skeletal muscle contractions. These data demonstrated the hAFSCs are not restricted to mesodermal commitment and can generate functional MNs thus outlining an ethically acceptable strategy for the study and treatment of the neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gaggi
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, Chieti, Italy
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Credico
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, Chieti, Italy
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Chieti, Italy
- Functional Biotechnologies Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Addolorata Mariggiò
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Chieti, Italy
- Functional Biotechnologies Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, Chieti, Italy
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy
- *Correspondence: Angela Di Baldassarre,
| | - Barbara Ghinassi
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, Chieti, Italy
- Reprogramming and Cell Differentiation Lab, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy
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Sharp B, Rallabandi R, Devaux P. Advances in RNA Viral Vector Technology to Reprogram Somatic Cells: The Paramyxovirus Wave. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:353-367. [PMID: 35763161 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ethical issues are a significant barrier to the use of embryonic stem cells in patients due to their origin: human embryos. To further the development of stem cells in a patient application, alternative sources of cells were sought. A process referred to as reprogramming was established to create induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells, resolving the ethical issues, and vectors were developed to deliver the reprogramming factors to generate induced pluripotent stem cells. Early viral vectors used integrating retroviruses and lentiviruses as delivery vehicles for the transcription factors required to initiate reprogramming. However, because of the inherent risk associated with vectors that integrate into the host genome, non-integrating approaches were explored. The development of non-integrating viral vectors offers a safer alternative, and these modern vectors are reliable, efficient, and easy to use to achieve induced pluripotent stem cells suitable for direct patient application in the growing field of individualized medicine. This review summarizes all the RNA viral vectors in the field of reprogramming with a special focus on the emerging delivery vectors based on non-integrating Paramyxoviruses, Sendai and measles viruses. We discuss their design and evolution towards being safe and efficient reprogramming vectors in generating induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Sharp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ramya Rallabandi
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Regenerative Sciences Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Patricia Devaux
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Regenerative Sciences Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Generating iPSCs with a High-Efficient, Non-Invasive Method-An Improved Way to Cultivate Keratinocytes from Plucked Hair for Reprogramming. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121955. [PMID: 35741085 PMCID: PMC9222083 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various somatic cell types are suitable for induced pluripotency reprogramming, such as dermal fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells or hair keratinocytes. Harvesting primary epithelial keratinocytes from plucked human hair follicles (HFs) represents an easy and non-invasive alternative to a fibroblast culture from invasive skin biopsies. Nevertheless, to facilitate and simplify the process, which can be divided into three main steps (collecting, culturing and reprogramming), the whole procedure of generating hair keratinocytes has to be revised and upgraded continuously. In this study, we address advancements and approaches which improve the generation and handling of primary HF-derived keratinocytes tremendously, e.g., for iPSCs reprogramming. We not only evaluated different serum- and animal-origin-free media, but also supplements and coating solutions for an enhanced protocol. Here, we demonstrate the importance of speed and accuracy in the collecting step, as well as the choice of the right transportation medium. Our results lead to a more defined approach that further increases the reliability of downstream experiments and inter-laboratory reproducibility. These improvements will make it possible to obtain keratinocytes from plucked human hair for the generation of donor-specific iPSCs easier and more efficient than ever before, whilst preserving a non-invasive capability.
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Romayor I, Herrera L, Burón M, Martin-Inaraja M, Prieto L, Etxaniz J, Inglés-Ferrándiz M, Pineda JR, Eguizabal C. A Comparative Study of Cell Culture Conditions during Conversion from Primed to Naive Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061358. [PMID: 35740381 PMCID: PMC9219795 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful reprogramming of human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represented a turning point in the stem cell research field, owing to their ability to differentiate into any cell type with fewer ethical issues than human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). In mice, PSCs are thought to exist in a naive state, the cell culture equivalent of the immature pre-implantation embryo, whereas in humans, PSCs are in a primed state, which is a more committed pluripotent state than a naive state. Recent studies have focused on capturing a similar cell stage in human cells. Given their earlier developmental stage and therefore lack of cell-of-origin epigenetic memory, these cells would be better candidates for further re-differentiation, use in disease modeling, regenerative medicine and drug discovery. In this study, we used primed hiPSCs and hESCs to evaluate the successful establishment and maintenance of a naive cell stage using three different naive-conversion media, both in the feeder and feeder-free cells conditions. In addition, we compared the directed differentiation capacity of primed and naive cells into the three germ layers and characterized these different cell stages with commonly used pluripotent and lineage-specific markers. Our results show that, in general, naive culture NHSM medium (in both feeder and feeder-free systems) confers greater hiPSCs and hESCs viability and the highest naive pluripotency markers expression. This medium also allows better cell differentiation cells toward endoderm and mesoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Romayor
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.R.); (L.H.); (M.B.); (M.M.-I.); (L.P.); (J.E.); (M.I.-F.)
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
- Cell Biology and Histology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Lara Herrera
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.R.); (L.H.); (M.B.); (M.M.-I.); (L.P.); (J.E.); (M.I.-F.)
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
| | - Maria Burón
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.R.); (L.H.); (M.B.); (M.M.-I.); (L.P.); (J.E.); (M.I.-F.)
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
| | - Myriam Martin-Inaraja
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.R.); (L.H.); (M.B.); (M.M.-I.); (L.P.); (J.E.); (M.I.-F.)
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
| | - Laura Prieto
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.R.); (L.H.); (M.B.); (M.M.-I.); (L.P.); (J.E.); (M.I.-F.)
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
| | - Jone Etxaniz
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.R.); (L.H.); (M.B.); (M.M.-I.); (L.P.); (J.E.); (M.I.-F.)
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
| | - Marta Inglés-Ferrándiz
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.R.); (L.H.); (M.B.); (M.M.-I.); (L.P.); (J.E.); (M.I.-F.)
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Pineda
- Cell Biology and Histology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Cristina Eguizabal
- Cell Therapy, Stem Cells and Tissues Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.R.); (L.H.); (M.B.); (M.M.-I.); (L.P.); (J.E.); (M.I.-F.)
- Research Unit, Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-944-007-151
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Li J, Feng X, Wei X. Modeling hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:232. [PMID: 35659761 PMCID: PMC9166443 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the obstacles in studying the pathogenesis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the poor availability of myocardial tissue samples at the early stages of disease development. This has been addressed by the advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which allow us to differentiate patient-derived iPSCs into cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) in vitro. In this review, we summarize different approaches to establishing iPSC models and the application of genome editing techniques in iPSC. Because iPSC-CMs cultured at the present stage are immature in structure and function, researchers have attempted several methods to mature iPSC-CMs, such as prolonged culture duration, and mechanical and electrical stimulation. Currently, many researchers have established iPSC-CM models of HCM and employed diverse methods for performing measurements of cellular morphology, contractility, electrophysiological property, calcium handling, mitochondrial function, and metabolism. Here, we review published results in humans to date within the growing field of iPSC-CM models of HCM. Although there is no unified consensus, preliminary results suggest that this approach to modeling disease would provide important insights into our understanding of HCM pathogenesis and facilitate drug development and safety testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Mathew NT, Mathachan SR. Application and future prospects of additive manufacturing in dermatology. Clin Exp Dermatol 2022; 47:1222-1224. [PMID: 35274346 DOI: 10.1111/ced.15129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The article discusses the additive manufacturing/3D printing of human skin for advanced applications. Even though this is still in its infancy, additive manufacturing has the potential to revolutionize the field of dermatology and cosmetology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithin Tom Mathew
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Sinu Rose Mathachan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Pollara L, Sottile V, Valente EM. Patient-derived cellular models of primary ciliopathies. J Med Genet 2022; 59:517-527. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Primary ciliopathies are rare inherited disorders caused by structural or functional defects in the primary cilium, a subcellular organelle present on the surface of most cells. Primary ciliopathies show considerable clinical and genetic heterogeneity, with disruption of over 100 genes causing the variable involvement of several organs, including the central nervous system, kidneys, retina, skeleton and liver. Pathogenic variants in one and the same gene may associate with a wide range of ciliopathy phenotypes, supporting the hypothesis that the individual genetic background, with potential additional variants in other ciliary genes, may contribute to a mutational load eventually determining the phenotypic manifestations of each patient. Functional studies in animal models have uncovered some of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking ciliary gene mutations to the observed phenotypes; yet, the lack of reliable human cell models has previously limited preclinical research and the development of new therapeutic strategies for primary ciliopathies. Recent technical advances in the generation of patient-derived two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cellular models give a new spur to this research, allowing the study of pathomechanisms while maintaining the complexity of the genetic background of each patient, and enabling the development of innovative treatments to target specific pathways. This review provides an overview of available models for primary ciliopathies, from existing in vivo models to more recent patient-derived 2D and 3D in vitro models. We highlight the advantages of each model in understanding the functional basis of primary ciliopathies and facilitating novel regenerative medicine, gene therapy and drug testing strategies for these disorders.
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Aavani F, Biazar E, Kheilnezhad B, Amjad F. 3D Bio-printing For Skin Tissue Regeneration: Hopes and Hurdles. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 17:415-439. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220204144544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
For many years, discovering the appropriate methods for the treatment of skin irritation has been challenging for specialists and researchers. Bio-printing can be extensively applied to address the demand for proper skin substitutes to improve skin damage. Nowadays, to make more effective bio-mimicking of natural skin, many research teams have developed cell-seeded bio-inks for bioprinting of skin substitutes. These loaded cells can be single or co-cultured in these structures. The present review gives a comprehensive overview of the methods, substantial parameters of skin bioprinting, examples of in vitro and in vivo studies, and current advances and challenges for skin tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh. Aavani
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Biazar
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Bahareh Kheilnezhad
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amjad
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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Bailly A, Milhavet O, Lemaitre JM. RNA-Based Strategies for Cell Reprogramming toward Pluripotency. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:317. [PMID: 35214051 PMCID: PMC8876983 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy approaches to treat a wide range of pathologies have greatly benefited from cell reprogramming techniques that allow the conversion of a somatic cell into a pluripotent cell. Many technological developments have been made since the initial major discovery of this biological process. Recently reprogramming methods based on the use of RNA have emerged and seem very promising. Thus, in this review we will focus on presenting the interest of such methods for cell reprogramming but also how these RNA-based strategies can be extended to eventually lead to medical applications to improve healthspan and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaëlle Bailly
- IRMB, University Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France
- INGRAALYS, SA, IRMB, Incubator Cyborg, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Ollivier Milhavet
- IRMB, University Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
- SAFE-iPSC Facility, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lemaitre
- IRMB, University Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France
- SAFE-iPSC Facility, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
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Shukla AK, Gao G, Kim BS. Applications of 3D Bioprinting Technology in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Based Tissue Engineering. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:155. [PMID: 35208280 PMCID: PMC8876961 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are essentially produced by the genetic reprogramming of adult cells. Moreover, iPSC technology prevents the genetic manipulation of embryos. Hence, with the ensured element of safety, they rarely cause ethical concerns when utilized in tissue engineering. Several cumulative outcomes have demonstrated the functional superiority and potency of iPSCs in advanced regenerative medicine. Recently, an emerging trend in 3D bioprinting technology has been a more comprehensive approach to iPSC-based tissue engineering. The principal aim of this review is to provide an understanding of the applications of 3D bioprinting in iPSC-based tissue engineering. This review discusses the generation of iPSCs based on their distinct purpose, divided into two categories: (1) undifferentiated iPSCs applied with 3D bioprinting; (2) differentiated iPSCs applied with 3D bioprinting. Their significant potential is analyzed. Lastly, various applications for engineering tissues and organs have been introduced and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Shukla
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Ge Gao
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Byoung Soo Kim
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
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Zidarič T, Finšgar M, Maver U, Maver T. Artificial Biomimetic Electrochemical Assemblies. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:44. [PMID: 35049673 PMCID: PMC8773559 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, selective, and cost-effective detection and determination of clinically relevant biomolecule analytes for a better understanding of biological and physiological functions are becoming increasingly prominent. In this regard, biosensors represent a powerful tool to meet these requirements. Recent decades have seen biosensors gaining popularity due to their ability to design sensor platforms that are selective to determine target analytes. Naturally generated receptor units have a high affinity for their targets, which provides the selectivity of a device. However, such receptors are subject to instability under harsh environmental conditions and have consequently low durability. By applying principles of supramolecular chemistry, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can successfully replace natural receptors to circumvent these shortcomings. This review summarizes the recent achievements and analytical applications of electrosynthesized MIPs, in particular, for the detection of protein-based biomarkers. The scope of this review also includes the background behind electrochemical readouts and the origin of the gate effect in MIP-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Zidarič
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.Z.); (U.M.)
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Uroš Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.Z.); (U.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tina Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.Z.); (U.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Biological characteristics of dental pulp stem cells and their potential use in regenerative medicine. J Oral Biosci 2022; 64:26-36. [PMID: 35031479 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerative medicine has emerged as a multidisciplinary field with the promising potential of renewing tissues and organs. The main types of adult stem cells used in clinical trials are hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Stem cells are defined as self-renewing clonogenic progenitor cells that can generate one or more types of specialized cells. HIGHLIGHT MSCs form adipose, cartilage, and bone tissue. Their protective and regenerative effects, such as mitogenic, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic effects, are mediated through paracrine and endocrine mechanisms. Dental pulp is a valuable source of stem cells because the collection of dental pulp for stem cell isolation is non-invasive, in contrast to conventional sources, such as bone marrow and adipose tissue. Teeth are an excellent source of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for therapeutic procedures and they can be easily obtained after tooth extraction or the shedding of deciduous teeth. Thus, there is increased interest in optimizing and establishing standard procedures for obtaining DPSCs; preserving well-defined DPSC cultures for specific applications; and increasing the efficiency, reproducibility, and safety of the clinical use of DPSCs. CONCLUSION This review comprehensively describes the biological characteristics and origins of DPSCs, their identification and harvesting, key aspects related to their characterization, their multilineage differentiation potential, current clinical applications, and their potential use in regenerative medicine for future dental and medical applications.
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Rajasingh S, Sigamani V, Gurusamy N, Rajasingh J. Efficient and Safe Method of Generating Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Skin Fibroblasts and Subsequent Differentiation into Functional Cardiomyocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2454:197-212. [PMID: 33774811 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Studies have shown that human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived cardiomyocytes (iCMCs) would provide a limitless source of cells for regenerative therapy and drug discoveries. Similar to embryonic stem cells, iPSCs have the capability to differentiate into mature functional iCMCs. The objective of our study is to develop an animal-free and viral-free approach by using a highly efficient transfection method that utilizes a critical combination of DNAs and mRNAs of pluripotent genes to generate iPSCs from adult human skin fibroblasts (SF). Subsequently differentiated them into functional cardiomyocytes. We obtained 4% of SFs into iPSCs at Passage 0, which shows significantly higher efficiency of reprogramming when compared to the use of either DNA alone or mRNAs alone. These iPSCs cultured under cardiac culture conditions are capable of differentiating into iCMCs. Furthermore, >88% of iCMCs are positive for either cardiac troponin T (TNNT2) or GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4). The iCMCs produced from SFs have been used in our laboratory to demonstrate their in vitro and in vivo functional potentials. In this study, we present step-by-step procedures for the generation of iPSCs from SFs and further differentiate them toward functional iCMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeja Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vinoth Sigamani
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Arslanova A, Shafaattalab S, Ye K, Asghari P, Lin L, Kim B, Roston TM, Hove-Madsen L, Van Petegem F, Sanatani S, Moore E, Lynn F, Søndergaard M, Luo Y, Chen SRW, Tibbits GF. Using hiPSC-CMs to Examine Mechanisms of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e320. [PMID: 34958715 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a potentially lethal inherited cardiac arrhythmia condition, triggered by physical or acute emotional stress, that predominantly expresses early in life. Gain-of-function mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor gene (RYR2) account for the majority of CPVT cases, causing substantial disruption of intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) homeostasis particularly during the periods of β-adrenergic receptor stimulation. However, the highly variable penetrance, patient outcomes, and drug responses observed in clinical practice remain unexplained, even for patients with well-established founder RyR2 mutations. Therefore, investigation of the electrophysiological consequences of CPVT-causing RyR2 mutations is crucial to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease. The development of strategies for reprogramming human somatic cells to human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has provided a unique opportunity to study inherited arrhythmias, due to the ability of hiPSCs to differentiate down a cardiac lineage. Employment of genome editing enables generation of disease-specific cell lines from healthy and diseased patient-derived hiPSCs, which subsequently can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes. This paper describes the means for establishing an hiPSC-based model of CPVT in order to recapitulate the disease phenotype in vitro and investigate underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The framework of this approach has the potential to contribute to disease modeling and personalized medicine using hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Arslanova
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sanam Shafaattalab
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Ye
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Parisa Asghari
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lisa Lin
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - BaRun Kim
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thomas M Roston
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Heart Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leif Hove-Madsen
- Cardiac Rhythm and Contraction Group, IIBB-CSIC, CIBERCV, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filip Van Petegem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shubhayan Sanatani
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Heart Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Edwin Moore
- Cardiac Rhythm and Contraction Group, IIBB-CSIC, CIBERCV, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francis Lynn
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Glen F Tibbits
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Medvedev SP, Malankhanova TB, Valetdinova KR, Zakian SM. Creation and Research of Cell Models of Hereditary Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Directed Genome Editing. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421040073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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