1
|
Kumar J, Karim A, Sweety UH, Sarma H, Nurunnabi M, Narayan M. Bioinspired Approaches for Central Nervous System Targeted Gene Delivery. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 38100377 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) which include a wide range of neurodegenerative and neurological conditions have become a serious global issue. The presence of CNS barriers poses a significant challenge to the progress of designing effective therapeutic delivery systems, limiting the effectiveness of drugs, genes, and other therapeutic agents. Natural nanocarriers present in biological systems have inspired researchers to design unique delivery systems through biomimicry. As natural resource derived delivery systems are more biocompatible, current research has been focused on the development of delivery systems inspired by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and mammalian cells. Despite their structural potential and extensive physiological function, making them an excellent choice for biomaterial engineering, the delivery of nucleic acids remains challenging due to their instability in biological systems. Similarly, the efficient delivery of genetic material within the tissues of interest remains a hurdle due to a lack of selectivity and targeting ability. Considering that gene therapies are the holy grail for intervention in diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Huntington's disease, this review centers around recent advances in bioinspired approaches to gene delivery for the prevention of CNS disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Afroz Karim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Ummy Habiba Sweety
- Environmental Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Hemen Sarma
- Bioremediation Technology Research Group, Department of Botany, Bodoland University, Rangalikhata, Deborgaon, 783370, Kokrajhar (BTR), Assam, India
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ornelas MY, Cournoyer JE, Bram S, Mehta AP. Evolution and synthetic biology. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 76:102394. [PMID: 37801925 PMCID: PMC10842511 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary observations have often served as an inspiration for biological design. Decoding of the central dogma of life at a molecular level and understanding of the cellular biochemistry have been elegantly used to engineer various synthetic biology applications, including building genetic circuits in vitro and in cells, building synthetic translational systems, and metabolic engineering in cells to biosynthesize and even bioproduce complex high-value molecules. Here, we review three broad areas of synthetic biology that are inspired by evolutionary observations: (i) combinatorial approaches toward cell-based biomolecular evolution, (ii) engineering interdependencies to establish microbial consortia, and (iii) synthetic immunology. In each of the areas, we will highlight the evolutionary premise that was central toward designing these platforms. These are only a subset of the examples where evolution and natural phenomena directly or indirectly serve as a powerful source of inspiration in shaping synthetic biology and biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marya Y Ornelas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Jason E Cournoyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Stanley Bram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Angad P Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, United States; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Singer ZS, Pabón J, Huang H, Rice CM, Danino T. Engineered bacteria launch and control an oncolytic virus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.28.559873. [PMID: 37808855 PMCID: PMC10557668 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.28.559873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability of bacteria and viruses to selectively replicate in tumors has led to synthetic engineering of new microbial therapies. Here we design a cooperative strategy whereby S. typhimurium bacteria transcribe and deliver the Senecavirus A RNA genome inside host cells, launching a potent oncolytic viral infection. Then, we engineer the virus to require a bacterially delivered protease in order to achieve virion maturation, demonstrating bacterial control over the virus. This work extends bacterially delivered therapeutics to viral genomes, and the governing of a viral population through engineered microbial interactions. One-Sentence Summary Bacteria are engineered to act as a synthetic "capsid" delivering Senecavirus A genome and controlling its spread.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zare M, Farhadi A, Zare F, Dehbidi GR, Zarghampoor F, Ahmadi MKB, Behbahani AB. Genetically engineered E. coli invade epithelial cells and transfer their genetic cargo into the cells: an approach to a gene delivery system. Biotechnol Lett 2023:10.1007/s10529-023-03387-7. [PMID: 37166604 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite advances in gene therapy, the lack of safe and efficient gene delivery systems limited the clinical effectiveness of gene therapy. Due to the inherent potential of bacteria, they can be considered as a good option for the gene transfer system. This study aimed to create a genetically engineered bacterium capable of entering epithelial cells and transferring its genetic cargo to the cell's cytoplasm, eventually expressing the gene of interest in the cell. METHODS The invasin (inv) gene from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and the listeriolysin (hlyA) gene from Listeria monocytogenes were isolated by PCR assay and inserted into a pACYCDuet-1 vector. The recombinant plasmid was then transformed into E. coli strain BL21. Subsequently, pEGFP-C1 plasmids containing a CMV promoter were transformed into the engineered bacteria. Finally, the engineered bacteria containing the reporter genes were incubated with the HeLa and LNCaP cell lines. Fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and TEM were used to monitor bacterial entry into the cells and gene expression. We used native E. coli strain BL21 as a control. RESULTS A fluorescence microscope showed that, in contrast to the control group, the manipulated E. coli were able to penetrate the cells and transport the plasmid pEGFP-C1 to the target cells. Flow cytometry also showed fluorescence intensity of 54.7% in HeLa cells and 71% in LNCaP cells, respectively. In addition, electron micrographs revealed the presence of bacteria in the cell endosomes and in the cytoplasm of the cells. CONCLUSION This study shows that genetically engineered E. coli can enter cells, transport cargo into cells, and induce gene expression in the target cell. In addition, flow cytometry shows that the gene transfer efficiency was sufficient for protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zare
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Farhadi
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Zare
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Rafiei Dehbidi
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Zarghampoor
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimi Baba Ahmadi
- Department of Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abbas Behzad Behbahani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
With increasing evidence that microbes colonize tumors, synthetic biology tools are being leveraged to repurpose bacteria as tumor-specific delivery systems. These engineered systems can modulate the tumor microenvironment using a combination of their inherent immunogenicity and local payload production. Here, we review genetic circuits that enhance spatial and temporal control of therapeutic bacteria to improve their safety and efficacy. We describe the engineering of interactions among bacteria, tumor cells, and immune cells, and the progression from bacteria as single agents toward their rational combination with other modalities. Together, these efforts are building toward an emerging concept of engineering interactions between programmable medicines using synthetic biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candice R. Gurbatri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nicholas Arpaia
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Tal Danino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pérez Jorge G, Módolo DG, Jaimes-Florez YP, Fávaro WJ, Bispo de Jesus M, Brocchi M. p53 gene delivery via a recombinant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium leads to human bladder carcinoma cell death in vitro. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1010-1020. [PMID: 35737820 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have attempted to restore the function of the tumour suppressor p53 as an anticancer strategy through gene delivery. However, most studies employed non-bacterial vectors to deliver p53. Various facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria have been proposed as vectors because of their intrinsic tumour targeting ability and antitumour activity. Salmonella enterica Typhimurium is the most studied bacterial vector in anticancer therapy. We used the previously designed χ11218 strain of S. enterica Typhimurium, displaying regulated delayed lysis, as a vector for delivering p53 to human bladder carcinoma cells, restoring wild-type p53 protein function. We cloned p53 into pYA4545 (containing a eukaryotic expression system) to generate the χ11218 pYA4545p53 strain. Cloning of p53 did not affect the growth or interfere with the invasive and replicative capacity of χ11218 bacteria in tumour cells. Human bladder carcinoma cells (expressing mutated p53) transfected with pYA4545p53 showed a significant increase in the expression of p53 protein. We demonstrated that p53 supplied by χ11218 significantly decreased the viability of human bladder cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. This study demonstrates the applicability of the attenuated χ11218 strain as a vector for DNA plasmids expressing tumour suppressor genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genesy Pérez Jorge
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Tropical Disease Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Yessica Paola Jaimes-Florez
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Tropical Disease Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner José Fávaro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bispo de Jesus
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Brocchi
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Tropical Disease Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sepich-Poore GD, Guccione C, Laplane L, Pradeu T, Curtius K, Knight R. Cancer's second genome: Microbial cancer diagnostics and redefining clonal evolution as a multispecies process: Humans and their tumors are not aseptic, and the multispecies nature of cancer modulates clinical care and clonal evolution: Humans and their tumors are not aseptic, and the multispecies nature of cancer modulates clinical care and clonal evolution. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100252. [PMID: 35253252 PMCID: PMC10506734 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The presence and role of microbes in human cancers has come full circle in the last century. Tumors are no longer considered aseptic, but implications for cancer biology and oncology remain underappreciated. Opportunities to identify and build translational diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics that exploit cancer's second genome-the metagenome-are manifold, but require careful consideration of microbial experimental idiosyncrasies that are distinct from host-centric methods. Furthermore, the discoveries of intracellular and intra-metastatic cancer bacteria necessitate fundamental changes in describing clonal evolution and selection, reflecting bidirectional interactions with non-human residents. Reconsidering cancer clonality as a multispecies process similarly holds key implications for understanding metastasis and prognosing therapeutic resistance while providing rational guidance for the next generation of bacterial cancer therapies. Guided by these new findings and challenges, this Review describes opportunities to exploit cancer's metagenome in oncology and proposes an evolutionary framework as a first step towards modeling multispecies cancer clonality. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/-WDtIRJYZSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caitlin Guccione
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lucie Laplane
- Institut d’histoire et de philosophie des sciences et des techniques (UMR8590), CNRS & Panthéon-Sorbonne University, 75006 Paris, France
- Hematopoietic stem cells and the development of myeloid malignancies (UMR1287), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Thomas Pradeu
- ImmunoConcept (UMR5164), CNRS & University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Kit Curtius
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sultana A, Kumar R. Modified bactofection for efficient and functional DNA delivery using invasive E. coli DH10B vector into human epithelial cell line. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
9
|
Srivastava R, Sarkar K, Bonnerjee D, Bagh S. Synthetic Genetic Reversible Feynman Gate in a Single E. coli Cell and Its Application in Bacterial to Mammalian Cell Information Transfer. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1040-1048. [PMID: 35179369 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reversible computing is a nonconventional form of computing where the inputs and outputs are mapped in a unique one-to-one fashion. Reversible logic gates in single living cells have not been demonstrated. Here, we constructed a synthetic genetic reversible Feynman gate in single E. coli cells, and the input-output relations were measured in a clonal population. The inputs were extracellular chemicals, isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), and anhydrotetracycline (aTc), and the outputs were two fluorescence proteins. We developed a simple mathematical model and simulation to capture the essential features of the circuit and experimentally demonstrated that the behavior of the circuit was ultrasensitive and predictive. We showed an application by creating an intercellular Feynman gate, where input information from bacteria was computed and transferred to HeLa cells through shRNAs delivery and the output signals were observed as silencing of native AKT1 and CTNNB1 genes. The introduction of reversible logics in synthetic biology is new, and given that one-to-one input-output mapping, such reversible genetic systems might have applications in sensing, diagnostics, cellular computing, and synthetic biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajkamal Srivastava
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Block A/F, Sector-I, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Kathakali Sarkar
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Block A/F, Sector-I, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Deepro Bonnerjee
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Block A/F, Sector-I, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Sangram Bagh
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Block A/F, Sector-I, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
STxB as an Antigen Delivery Tool for Mucosal Vaccination. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030202. [PMID: 35324699 PMCID: PMC8948715 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy against cancer and infectious disease holds the promise of high efficacy with minor side effects. Mucosal vaccines to protect against tumors or infections disease agents that affect the upper airways or the lung are still lacking, however. One mucosal vaccine candidate is the B-subunit of Shiga toxin, STxB. In this review, we compare STxB to other immunotherapy vectors. STxB is a non-toxic protein that binds to a glycosylated lipid, termed globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), which is preferentially expressed by dendritic cells. We review the use of STxB for the cross-presentation of tumor or viral antigens in a MHC class I-restricted manner to induce humoral immunity against these antigens in addition to polyfunctional and persistent CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes capable of protecting against viral infection or tumor growth. Other literature will be summarized that documents a powerful induction of mucosal IgA and resident memory CD8+ T cells against mucosal tumors specifically when STxB-antigen conjugates are administered via the nasal route. It will also be pointed out how STxB-based vaccines have been shown in preclinical cancer models to synergize with other therapeutic modalities (immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-angiogenic therapy, radiotherapy). Finally, we will discuss how molecular aspects such as low immunogenicity, cross-species conservation of Gb3 expression, and lack of toxicity contribute to the competitive positioning of STxB among the different DC targeting approaches. STxB thereby appears as an original and innovative tool for the development of mucosal vaccines in infectious diseases and cancer.
Collapse
|
11
|
Allemailem KS. Innovative Approaches of Engineering Tumor-Targeting Bacteria with Different Therapeutic Payloads to Fight Cancer: A Smart Strategy of Disease Management. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:8159-8184. [PMID: 34938075 PMCID: PMC8687692 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s338272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional therapies for cancer eradication like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, even though most widely used, still suffer from some disappointing outcomes. The limitations of these therapies during cancer recurrence and metastasis demonstrate the need for better alternatives. Some bacteria preferentially colonize and proliferate inside tumor mass; thus these bacteria can be used as ideal candidates to deliver antitumor therapeutic agents. The bacteria like Bacillus spp., Clostridium spp., E. coli, Listeria spp., and Salmonella spp. can be reprogrammed to produce, transport, and deliver anticancer agents, eg, cytotoxic agents, prodrug converting enzymes, immunomodulators, tumor stroma targeting agents, siRNA, and drug-loaded nanoformulations based on clinical requirements. In addition, these bacteria can be genetically modified to express various functional proteins and targeting ligands that can enhance the targeting approach and controlled drug-delivery. Low tumor-targeting and weak penetration power deep inside the tumor mass limits the use of anticancer drug-nanoformulations. By using anticancer drug nanoformulations and other therapeutic payloads in combination with antitumor bacteria, it makes a synergistic effect against cancer by overcoming the individual limitations. The tumor-targeting bacteria can be either used as a monotherapy or in addition with other anticancer therapies like photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and magnetic field therapy to accomplish better clinical outcomes. The toxicity issues on normal tissues is the main concern regarding the use of engineered antitumor bacteria, which requires deeper research. In this article, the mechanism by which bacteria sense tumor microenvironment, role of some anticancer agents, and the recent advancement of engineering bacteria with different therapeutic payloads to combat cancers has been reviewed. In addition, future prospective and some clinical trials are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Akinsola RO, Adewoyin M, Lee CW, Sim EUH, Narayanan K. RFP-based method for real-time tracking of invasive bacteria in a heterogeneous population of cells. Anal Biochem 2021; 634:114432. [PMID: 34695391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of bacterial invasion into eukaryotic cells is a prerequisite to unfold the molecular mechanisms of this vector's function to obtain insights for improving its efficiency. Invasion is traditionally quantified by antibiotic protection assays that require dilution plating and counting of colony-forming units rescued from infected cells. However, to differentiate between attached and internalized bacteria vector, this assay requires supplementation by a time-consuming and tedious immunofluorescence staining, making it laborious and reduces its reliability and reproducibility. Here we describe a new red fluorescent protein (RFP)-based high-throughput and inexpensive method for tracking bacterial adherence and internalization through flow cytometry to provide a convenient and real-time quantification of bacterial invasiveness in a heterogeneous population of cells. We invaded MCF-7, A549, and HEK-293 cells with the E. coli vector and measured RFP using imaging flow cytometry. We found high cellular infection of up to 70.47% in MCF-7 compared to 27.4% and 26.2% in A549 and HEK-293 cells, respectively. The quantitative evaluation of internalized E. coli is rapid and cell-dependent, and it distinctively differentiates between attached and cytosolic bacteria while showing the degree of cellular invasiveness. This imaging flow cytometry approach can be applied broadly to study host-bacteria interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasaq Olajide Akinsola
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Malik Adewoyin
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Jalan Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choon-Weng Lee
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Edmund Ui-Hang Sim
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Kumaran Narayanan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Del-1 enhances therapeutic efficacy of bacterial cancer immunotherapy by blocking recruitment of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:244-253. [PMID: 34236615 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial-mediated cancer immunotherapy (BCI) elicits a more robust initial immune response than conventional immunotherapy, but does not prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis. BCI is associated with recruitment of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, which could suppress the therapeutic efficacy of this modality. Development endothelial locus 1 (Del-1), a potent inhibitor of neutrophil recruitment, antagonizes lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 on the vascular endothelium. Here, we aimed to determine the effect of Del-1-secreting S.t△ppGpp on anti-tumor activity and tumor-infiltrating neutrophil recruitment in a mouse model of colon cancer. METHODS We investigated the anti-cancer activity of Del-1-secreting engineered Salmonella (△ppGpp S. Typhimurium) in the mice colon cancer models. RESULTS In the present study, we identified that Del-1-secreting engineered Salmonella had more potent anti-cancer activity compared with normal S.t△ppGpp without Del-1 secretion. We postulated that Del-1 expression increased M1 macrophage recruitment to tumors by decreasing tumor-infiltrating neutrophils. This approach could enhance the anti-cancer effects of S.t△ppGpp. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the approach of using engineered bacteria that deliver Del-1 to block tumor-infiltrating neutrophil recruitment is a potential therapeutic approach.
Collapse
|
14
|
War of the microbial world: Acanthamoeba spp. interactions with microorganisms. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:689-699. [PMID: 34145552 PMCID: PMC8212903 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00889-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba is known to interact with a plethora of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. In these interactions, the amoebae can be predatory in nature, transmission vehicle or an incubator. Amoebae consume microorganisms, especially bacteria, as food source to fulfil their nutritional needs by taking up bacteria through phagocytosis and lysing them in phagolysosomes and hence play an eminent role in the regulation of bacterial density in the nature and accountable for eradication of around 60% of the bacterial population in the environment. Acanthamoeba can also act as a “Trojan horse” for microbial transmission in the environment. Additionally, Acanthamoeba may serve as an incubator-like reservoir for microorganisms, including those that are pathogenic to humans, where the microorganisms use amoebae’s defences to resist harsh environment and evade host defences and drugs, whilst growing in numbers inside the amoebae. Furthermore, amoebae can also be used as a “genetic melting pot” where exchange of genes as well as adaptation of microorganisms, leading to higher pathogenicity, may arise. Here, we describe bacteria, fungi and viruses that are known to interact with Acanthamoeba spp.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sultana A, Tiash S. Improved DNA delivery using invasive E. coli DH10B in human cells by modified bactofection method. J Control Release 2021; 332:233-244. [PMID: 33561481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
E. coli mediated gene delivery faces a major drawback of low efficiency despite of being a safer alternative to viral vectors. This study showed a novel, simple and effective strategy to enhance invasive E. coli DH10B vector's efficiency in human epithelial cells. The bactofection efficiency of invasive E .coli vector was analyzed in nine cell lines. It demonstrated highest (16%) reporter gene (GFP) expression in cervical cells. Methods were employed to further enhance its efficiency by adding transfection reagents (trans-bactofection method) to promote entry into host cells, lysosomotropic reagents for escape from lysosomal degradation or antibiotics to lyse internalized bacteria. Increased bacterial entry, as elucidated from nil to 3% expression in liver cells, was obtained upon complexing bacteria with PULSin. Chloroquine mediated endosomal escape resulted in 7.2 folds increase whereas tetracycline addition to lyse internalized bacteria caused ≈90% of GFP in HeLa. Eventually, the combined effect of these three methods exhibited close to 100% GFP in cervical and remarkable increase of 138 folds in breast cells. This is the first study showing comparative study of vector's gene delivery ability in various epithelial cells of the human body with improving its delivery efficiency. These data demonstrated the potential of developed bactofection method to boost up the efficiency of other bacterial vectors also, which could further be used for effectual therapeutic gene delivery in human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alviya Sultana
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
| | - Snigdha Tiash
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ferenczi S, Solymosi N, Horváth I, Szeőcs N, Grózer Z, Kuti D, Juhász B, Winkler Z, Pankotai T, Sükösd F, Stágel A, Paholcsek M, Dóra D, Nagy N, Kovács KJ, Zanoni I, Szallasi Z. Efficient treatment of a preclinical inflammatory bowel disease model with engineered bacteria. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 20:218-226. [PMID: 33426148 PMCID: PMC7782194 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We developed an orally administered, engineered, bacterium-based, RNA interference-mediated therapeutic method to significantly reduce the symptoms in the most frequently used animal model of inflammatory bowel disease. This bacterium-mediated RNA interference strategy was based on the genomically stable, non-pathogenic E. coli MDS42 strain, which was engineered to constitutively produce invasin and the listeriolysin O cytolysin. These proteins enabled the bacteria first to invade the colon epithelium and then degrade in the phagosome. This allowed the delivery of a plasmid encoding small hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF) into the cytoplasm of the target cells. The expression levels of TNF and other cytokines significantly decreased upon this treatment in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, and the degree of inflammation was significantly reduced. With further safety modifications this method could serve as a safe and side effect-free alternative to biologicals targeting TNF or other inflammatory mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szilamer Ferenczi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Budapest, Hungary
- Central European Biosystems, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Dániel Kuti
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Juhász
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Winkler
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Pankotai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Farkas Sükösd
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Stágel
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Melinda Paholcsek
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dávid Dóra
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nándor Nagy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina J. Kovács
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Divisions of Immunology and Gastroenterology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 2nd Department of Pathology, MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Measurable genomic changes in Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis after long-term adaptation in Acanthamoeba lenticulata and reduced persistence in macrophages. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:JB.00257-20. [PMID: 33431432 PMCID: PMC8095452 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00257-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Free-living amoebae are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and act as environmental reservoirs for nontuberculous mycobacteria. Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis recovered from Acanthamoeba has been demonstrated to be more virulent in both human and murine models. Here, we investigate the persistence of M. avium subsp. hominissuis after short-term (2 weeks) and long-term (42 weeks) co-culture in Acanthamoeba lenticulata We hypothesize that A. lenticulata-adapted M. avium subsp. hominissuis demonstrate phenotypic and genomic changes facilitating intracellular persistence in naïve Acanthamoeba and human macrophages. M. avium subsp. hominissuis CFU in co-culture with A. lenticulata were recorded every 2 weeks up to 60 weeks. While A. lenticulata-associated M. avium subsp. hominissuis CFU did not significantly change across 60 weeks of co-culture, longer adaptation time in amoebae reduced colony size. Isolates recovered after 2 or 42 weeks of amoebae co-culture were referred as "early-adapted" and "late-adapted" M. avium subsp. hominissuis, respectively. Whole genome sequencing was performed on amoebae-adapted isolates with pan-genome comparisons to the original M. avium subsp. hominissuis isolate. Next, amoebae-adapted isolates were assessed for their persistence in A. lenticulata, A. castellanii, and human THP-1 macrophages. Multiplex cytokine/chemokine analyses were conducted on THP-1 culture supernatants. Compared to the original isolate, counts of late-adapted M. avium subsp. hominissuis were reduced in Acanthamoeba and contrary to expectations, lower counts were also observed in THP-1 macrophages with concomitant decrease in TNFa, IL-6, and MIP-1b suggesting that host adaptation may influence the inflammatory properties of M. avium IMPORTANCE Short-term interaction between Acanthamoeba and M. avium has been demonstrated to increase infectivity in human and murine models of infection, establishing the paradigm that amoebae "train" M. avium in the environment by selecting for phenotypes capable of enduring in human cells. We investigate this phenomenon further by determining the consequence of long-term amoebae adaptation on M. avium subsp. hominissuis persistence in host cells. We monitored genomic changes across long-term Acanthamoeba co-culture and report significant changes to the M. avium subsp. hominissuis genome in response to amoebae-adaptation and reduced colony size. Furthermore, we examined isolates co-cultured with A. lenticulata for 2 or 42 weeks and provide biological evidence that long-term co-culture in amoebae reduces M. avium persistence in human macrophages.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang W, Piao L, Liu X. Chlorogenic acid suppresses neutrophil recruitment to tumors by inducing apoptosis and reverse migration. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
19
|
Azizian K, Pustokhina I, Ghanavati R, Hamblin MR, Amini A, Kouhsari E. The potential use of theranostic bacteria in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4184-4194. [PMID: 33174198 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy approaches have not been fully successful in the treatment of cancer, due to limitations imposed by the pathophysiology of solid tumors, leading to nonspecific drug uptake by healthy cells, poor bioavailability, and toxicity. Thus, novel therapeutic modalities for more efficient cancer treatment are urgently required. Living bacteria can be used as a theranostic approach for the simultaneous diagnosis and therapy of tumors. Herein, we summarize the currently available literature focused on the advantages and challenges for the use of theranostic bacteria in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Azizian
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Inna Pustokhina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Abolfazl Amini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Kouhsari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Longhi G, van Sinderen D, Ventura M, Turroni F. Microbiota and Cancer: The Emerging Beneficial Role of Bifidobacteria in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:575072. [PMID: 33013813 PMCID: PMC7507897 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.575072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many intestinal bacteria are believed to be involved in various inflammatory and immune processes that influence tumor etiology because of their metabolic properties and their ability to alter the microbiota homeostasis. Although many functions of the microbiota are still unclear, there is compelling experimental evidence showing that the intestinal microbiota is able to modulate carcinogenesis and the response to anticancer therapies, both in the intestinal tract and other body sites. Among the wide variety of gut-colonizing microorganisms, various species belonging to the Bifidobacterium genus are believed to elicit beneficial effects on human physiology and on the host-immune system. Recent findings, based on preclinical mouse models and on human clinical trials, have demonstrated the impact of gut commensals including bifidobacteria on the efficacy of tumor-targeting immunotherapy. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure, bifidobacteria and other microorganisms have become a promising aid to immunotherapeutic procedures that are currently applied to treat cancer. The present review focuses on strategies to recruit the microbiome in order to enhance anticancer responses and develop therapies aimed at fighting the onset and progression of malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Longhi
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- Alimentary Pharmabotic Centre (APC) Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Barra M, Danino T, Garrido D. Engineered Probiotics for Detection and Treatment of Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:265. [PMID: 32296696 PMCID: PMC7137092 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory intestinal diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis have seen an increase in their prevalence in developing countries throughout the current decade. These are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, altered immune response, intestinal epithelium disruption and dysbiosis in the gut microbiome. Current therapies are mainly focused on treating symptoms and are often expensive and ineffective in the long term. Recently, there has been an increase in our understanding of the relevance of the gut microbiome and its impact on human health. Advances in the use of probiotics and synthetic biology have led to the development of intestinal biosensors, bacteria engineered to detect inflammation biomarkers, that work as diagnostic tools. Additionally, live biotherapeutics have been engineered as delivery vehicles to produce treatment in situ avoiding common complications and side effects of current therapies. These genetic constructs often express a therapeutic substance constitutively, but others could be regulated externally by specific substrates, making the production of their treatment more efficient. Additionally, certain probiotics detecting specific biomarkers in situ and responding by generating a therapeutic substance are beginning to be developed. While most studies are still in the laboratory stage, a few modified probiotics have been tested in humans. These advances indicate that live biotherapeutics could have great potential as new treatments for inflammatory intestinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Barra
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tal Danino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Garrido
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chalmers TJ, Wu LE. Transposable Elements Cross Kingdom Boundaries and Contribute to Inflammation and Ageing: Somatic Acquisition of Foreign Transposable Elements as a Catalyst of Genome Instability, Epigenetic Dysregulation, Inflammation, Senescence, and Ageing. Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900197. [PMID: 31994769 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The de-repression of transposable elements (TEs) in mammalian genomes is thought to contribute to genome instability, inflammation, and ageing, yet is viewed as a cell-autonomous event. In contrast to mammalian cells, prokaryotes constantly exchange genetic material through TEs, crossing both cell and species barriers, contributing to rapid microbial evolution and diversity in complex communities such as the mammalian gut. Here, it is proposed that TEs released from prokaryotes in the microbiome or from pathogenic infections regularly cross the kingdom barrier to the somatic cells of their eukaryotic hosts. It is proposed this horizontal transfer of TEs from microbe to host is a stochastic, ongoing catalyst of genome destabilization, resulting in structural and epigenetic variations, and activation of well-evolved host defense mechanisms contributing to inflammation, senescence, and biological ageing. It is proposed that innate immunity pathways defend against the horizontal acquisition of microbial TEs, and that activation of this pathway during horizontal transposon transfer promotes chronic inflammation during ageing. Finally, it is suggested that horizontal acquisition of prokaryotic TEs into mammalian genomes has been masked and subsequently under-reported due to flaws in current sequencing pipelines, and new strategies to uncover these events are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay E Wu
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Goodfellow S, Zhang D, Wang MB, Zhang R. Bacterium-Mediated RNA Interference: Potential Application in Plant Protection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E572. [PMID: 31817412 PMCID: PMC6963952 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
RNAi has emerged as a promising tool for targeting agricultural pests and pathogens and could provide an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional means of control. However, the deployment of this technology is still limited by a lack of suitable exogenous- or externally applied delivery mechanisms. Numerous means of overcoming this limitation are being explored. One such method, bacterium-mediated RNA interference, or bmRNAi, has been explored in other systems and shows great potential for application to agriculture. Here, we review the current state of bmRNAi, examine the technical limitations and possible improvements, and discuss its potential applications in crop protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Goodfellow
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Daai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ming-Bo Wang
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ren Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bristol JA, Djavadian R, Albright ER, Coleman CB, Ohashi M, Hayes M, Romero-Masters JC, Barlow EA, Farrell PJ, Rochford R, Kalejta RF, Johannsen EC, Kenney SC. A cancer-associated Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 promoter variant enhances lytic infection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007179. [PMID: 30052684 PMCID: PMC6082571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection contributes to both B-cell and epithelial-cell malignancies. However, whether lytic EBV infection also contributes to tumors is unclear, although the association between malaria infection and Burkitt lymphomas (BLs) may involve excessive lytic EBV replication. A particular variant of the viral promoter (Zp) that controls lytic EBV reactivation is over-represented, relative to its frequency in non-malignant tissue, in EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinomas and AIDS-related lymphomas. To date, no functional differences between the prototype Zp (Zp-P) and the cancer-associated variant (Zp-V3) have been identified. Here we show that a single nucleotide difference between the Zp-V3 and Zp-P promoters creates a binding site for the cellular transcription factor, NFATc1, in the Zp-V3 (but not Zp-P) variant, and greatly enhances Zp activity and lytic viral reactivation in response to NFATc1-inducing stimuli such as B-cell receptor activation and ionomycin. Furthermore, we demonstrate that restoring this NFATc1-motif to the Zp-P variant in the context of the intact EBV B95.8 strain genome greatly enhances lytic viral reactivation in response to the NFATc1-activating agent, ionomycin, and this effect is blocked by the NFAT inhibitory agent, cyclosporine, as well as NFATc1 siRNA. We also show that the Zp-V3 variant is over-represented in EBV-positive BLs and gastric cancers, and in EBV-transformed B-cell lines derived from EBV-infected breast milk of Kenyan mothers that had malaria during pregnancy. These results demonstrate that the Zp-V3 enhances EBV lytic reactivation to physiologically-relevant stimuli, and suggest that increased lytic infection may contribute to the increased prevalence of this variant in EBV-associated malignancies. Whether excessive lytic EBV infection increases the risk of EBV-induced cancers is not clear. A particular variant (Zp-V3) of the viral promoter driving expression of the EBV immediate-early BZLF1 (Z) protein that mediates lytic viral reactivation has been reported to be over-represented (relative to the prototype Zp-P form of the promoter) in certain EBV-positive malignancies, but no functional difference between the two promoter variants has been reported. Here we show that the malignancy-associated Zp-V3 variant (but not the Zp-P variant) contains a binding site for the cellular NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells c1) transcription factor that allows it to be activated by NFATc1-inducing stimuli such as B-cell receptor stimulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that restoring this NFATc1-motif to the Zp-P variant in the context of the intact EBV genome greatly enhances lytic viral reactivation in response to the NFATc1-inducing stimuli. We also find that the Zp-V3 variant is over-represented in EBV-positive Burkitt lymphomas and gastric carcinomas, and in lymphoblastoid cell lines transformed by EBV-infected breast milk of Kenyan mothers that had malaria during pregnancy. These findings suggest that the Zp-V3 version of the EBV BZLF1 promoter increases the likelihood of EBV-induced malignancies by increasing lytic EBV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian A. Bristol
- Department of Oncology in Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Reza Djavadian
- Department of Oncology in Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Emily R. Albright
- Department of Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Carrie B. Coleman
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Makoto Ohashi
- Department of Oncology in Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mitchell Hayes
- Department of Oncology in Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - James C. Romero-Masters
- Department of Oncology in Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Barlow
- Department of Oncology in Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Farrell
- Molecular Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary Rochford
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado United States of America
| | - Robert F. Kalejta
- Department of Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eric C. Johannsen
- Department of Oncology in Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shannon C. Kenney
- Department of Oncology in Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zheng JH, Nguyen VH, Jiang SN, Park SH, Tan W, Hong SH, Shin MG, Chung IJ, Hong Y, Bom HS, Choy HE, Lee SE, Rhee JH, Min JJ. Two-step enhanced cancer immunotherapy with engineered Salmonella typhimurium secreting heterologous flagellin. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/376/eaak9537. [PMID: 28179508 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aak9537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report a method of cancer immunotherapy using an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain engineered to secrete Vibrio vulnificus flagellin B (FlaB) in tumor tissues. Engineered FlaB-secreting bacteria effectively suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models and prolonged survival. By using Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)-negative colon cancer cell lines, we provided evidence that the FlaB-mediated tumor suppression upon bacterial colonization is associated with TLR5-mediated host reactions in the tumor microenvironment. These therapeutic effects were completely abrogated in TLR4 and MyD88 knockout mice, and partly in TLR5 knockout mice, indicating that TLR4 signaling is a requisite for tumor suppression mediated by FlaB-secreting bacteria, whereas TLR5 signaling augmented tumor-suppressive host reactions. Tumor microenvironment colonization by engineered Salmonella appeared to induce the infiltration of abundant immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils via TLR4 signaling. Subsequent secretion of FlaB from colonizing Salmonella resulted in phenotypic and functional activation of intratumoral macrophages with M1 phenotypes and a reciprocal reduction in M2-like suppressive activities. Together, these findings provide evidence that nonvirulent tumor-targeting bacteria releasing multiple TLR ligands can be used as cancer immunotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hai Zheng
- Laboratory of In Vivo Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine (BrainKorea21 Plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Vu H Nguyen
- Laboratory of In Vivo Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sheng-Nan Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hainan 570-208, China
| | - Seung-Hwan Park
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenzhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol Hee Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Geun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Joo Chung
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjin Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Bom
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon E Choy
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BrainKorea21 Plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Shee Eun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BrainKorea21 Plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Microbiology and Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Laboratory of In Vivo Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam 58128, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Molecular Medicine (BrainKorea21 Plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lehouritis P, Hogan G, Tangney M. Designer bacteria as intratumoural enzyme biofactories. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 118:8-23. [PMID: 28916496 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (BDEPT) is an emerging form of treatment for cancer. It is a biphasic variant of gene therapy in which a bacterium, armed with an enzyme that can convert an inert prodrug into a cytotoxic compound, induces tumour cell death following tumour-specific prodrug activation. BDEPT combines the innate ability of bacteria to selectively proliferate in tumours, with the capacity of prodrugs to undergo contained, compartmentalised conversion into active metabolites in vivo. Although BDEPT has undergone clinical testing, it has received limited clinical exposure, and has yet to achieve regulatory approval. In this article, we review BDEPT from the system designer's perspective, and provide detailed commentary on how the designer should strategize its development de novo. We report on contemporary advancements in this field which aim to enhance BDEPT in terms of safety and efficacy. Finally, we discuss clinical and regulatory barriers facing BDEPT, and propose promising approaches through which these hurdles may best be tackled.
Collapse
|
27
|
Theodorou E, Scanga R, Twardowski M, Snyder MP, Brouzes E. A Droplet Microfluidics Based Platform for Mining Metagenomic Libraries for Natural Compounds. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E230. [PMID: 30400422 PMCID: PMC6189830 DOI: 10.3390/mi8080230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Historically, microbes from the environment have been a reliable source for novel bio-active compounds. Cloning and expression of metagenomic DNA in heterologous strains of bacteria has broadened the range of potential compounds accessible. However, such metagenomic libraries have been under-exploited for applications in mammalian cells because of a lack of integrated methods. We present an innovative platform to systematically mine natural resources for pro-apoptotic compounds that relies on the combination of bacterial delivery and droplet microfluidics. Using the violacein operon from C. violaceum as a model, we demonstrate that E. coli modified to be invasive can serve as an efficient delivery vehicle of natural compounds. This approach permits the seamless screening of metagenomic libraries with mammalian cell assays and alleviates the need for laborious extraction of natural compounds. In addition, we leverage the unique properties of droplet microfluidics to amplify bacterial clones and perform clonal screening at high-throughput in place of one-compound-per-well assays in multi-well format. We also use droplet microfluidics to establish a cell aggregate strategy that overcomes the issue of background apoptosis. Altogether, this work forms the foundation of a versatile platform to efficiently mine the metagenome for compounds with therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Theodorou
- Metagenomix Inc., Branford, CT 06405, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Randall Scanga
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Mariusz Twardowski
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Metagenomix Inc., Branford, CT 06405, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Eric Brouzes
- Metagenomix Inc., Branford, CT 06405, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Differentiation-Dependent LMP1 Expression Is Required for Efficient Lytic Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation in Epithelial Cells. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02438-16. [PMID: 28179525 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02438-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated diseases of epithelial cells, including tumors that have latent infection, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) lesions that have lytic infection, frequently express the viral latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). In lytically infected cells, LMP1 expression is activated by the BRLF1 (R) immediate early (IE) protein. However, the mechanisms by which LMP1 expression is normally regulated in epithelial cells remain poorly understood, and its potential roles in regulating lytic reactivation in epithelial cells are as yet unexplored. We previously showed that the differentiation-dependent cellular transcription factors KLF4 and BLIMP1 induce lytic EBV reactivation in epithelial cells by synergistically activating the two EBV immediate early promoters (Zp and Rp). Here we show that epithelial cell differentiation also induces LMP1 expression. We demonstrate that KLF4 and BLIMP1 cooperatively induce the expression of LMP1, even in the absence of the EBV IE proteins BZLF1 (Z) and R, via activation of the two LMP1 promoters. Furthermore, we found that differentiation of NOKs-Akata cells by either methylcellulose suspension or organotypic culture induces LMP1 expression prior to Z and R expression. We show that LMP1 enhances the lytic infection-inducing effects of epithelial cell differentiation, as well as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and sodium butyrate treatment, in EBV-infected epithelial cells by increasing expression of the Z and R proteins. Our results suggest that differentiation of epithelial cells activates a feed-forward loop in which KLF4 and BLIMP1 first activate LMP1 expression and then cooperate with LMP1 to activate Z and R expression.IMPORTANCE The EBV protein LMP1 is expressed in EBV-associated epithelial cell diseases, regardless of whether these diseases are due to lytic infection (such as oral hairy leukoplakia) or latent infection (such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma). However, surprisingly little is known about how LMP1 expression is regulated in epithelial cells, and there are conflicting reports about whether it plays any role in regulating viral lytic reactivation. In this study, we show that epithelial cell differentiation induces LMP1 expression by increasing expression of two cellular transcription factors (KLF4 and BLIMP1) which cooperatively activate the two LMP1 promoters. We also demonstrate that LMP1 promotes efficient lytic reactivation in EBV-infected epithelial cells by enhancing expression of the Z and R proteins. Thus, in EBV-infected epithelial cells, LMP1 expression is promoted by differentiation and positively regulates lytic viral reactivation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Bioengineered and biohybrid bacteria-based systems for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:27-44. [PMID: 27641944 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of bacterial cells as agents of medical therapy has a long history. Research that was ignited over a century ago with the accidental infection of cancer patients has matured into a platform technology that offers the promise of opening up new potential frontiers in medical treatment. Bacterial cells exhibit unique characteristics that make them well-suited as smart drug delivery agents. Our ability to genetically manipulate the molecular machinery of these cells enables the customization of their therapeutic action as well as its precise tuning and spatio-temporal control, allowing for the design of unique, complex therapeutic functions, unmatched by current drug delivery systems. Early results have been promising, but there are still many important challenges that must be addressed. We present a review of promises and challenges of employing bioengineered bacteria in drug delivery systems and introduce the biohybrid design concept as a new additional paradigm in bacteria-based drug delivery.
Collapse
|
30
|
Skupińska M, Stępniak P, Łętowska I, Rychlewski L, Barciszewska M, Barciszewski J, Giel-Pietraszuk M. Natural Compounds as Inhibitors of Tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetase. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 23:308-320. [PMID: 27487455 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases (TyrRSs) as essential enzymes for all living organisms are good candidates for therapeutic target in the prevention and therapy of microbial infection. We examined the effect of various polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenes-secondary metabolites produced by higher plants showing many beneficial properties for the human organism, on bacterial aminoacylation reaction. The most potent inhibitors of Escherichia coli TyrRS are epigallocatechin gallate, acacetin, kaempferide, and chrysin, whereas the enzymes from Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are inhibited mainly by acacetin and chrysin. Most of them act as competitive inhibitors. Structure-activity relationship showed that the most potent flavonoid inhibitors contain hydroxyl group at position 5 and 7 of A ring and OCH3 group at position 4' of B ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Skupińska
- 1 Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Iwona Łętowska
- 3 Center of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health , Chelmska, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Mirosława Barciszewska
- 1 Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Barciszewski
- 1 Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego, Poznan, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Djavadian R, Chiu YF, Johannsen E. An Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded Protein Complex Requires an Origin of Lytic Replication In Cis to Mediate Late Gene Transcription. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005718. [PMID: 27348612 PMCID: PMC4922670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus lytic replication is accomplished by an intricate cascade of gene expression that integrates viral DNA replication and structural protein synthesis. Most genes encoding structural proteins exhibit "true" late kinetics-their expression is strictly dependent on lytic DNA replication. Recently, the EBV BcRF1 gene was reported to encode a TATA box binding protein homolog, which preferentially recognizes the TATT sequence found in true late gene promoters. BcRF1 is one of seven EBV genes with homologs found in other β- and γ-, but not in α-herpesviruses. Using EBV BACmids, we systematically disrupted each of these "βγ" genes. We found that six of them, including BcRF1, exhibited an identical phenotype: intact viral DNA replication with loss of late gene expression. The proteins encoded by these six genes have been found by other investigators to form a viral protein complex that is essential for activation of TATT-containing reporters in EBV-negative 293 cells. Unexpectedly, in EBV infected 293 cells, we found that TATT reporter activation was weak and non-specific unless an EBV origin of lytic replication (OriLyt) was present in cis. Using two different replication-defective EBV genomes, we demonstrated that OriLyt-mediated DNA replication is required in cis for TATT reporter activation and for late gene expression from the EBV genome. We further demonstrate by fluorescence in situ hybridization that the late BcLF1 mRNA localizes to EBV DNA replication factories. These findings support a model in which EBV true late genes are only transcribed from newly replicated viral genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Djavadian
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Oncology (McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ya-Fang Chiu
- Department of Oncology (McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Eric Johannsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Oncology (McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lactic acid bacteria as mucosal delivery vehicles: a realistic therapeutic option. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:5691-701. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
33
|
Linke LM, Wilusz J, Pabilonia KL, Fruehauf J, Magnuson R, Olea-Popelka F, Triantis J, Landolt G, Salman M. Inhibiting avian influenza virus shedding using a novel RNAi antiviral vector technology: proof of concept in an avian cell model. AMB Express 2016; 6:16. [PMID: 26910902 PMCID: PMC4766140 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses pose significant health and economic threats to humans and animals. Outbreaks of avian influenza virus (AIV) are a liability to the poultry industry and increase the risk for transmission to humans. There are limitations to using the AIV vaccine in poultry, creating barriers to controlling outbreaks and a need for alternative effective control measures. Application of RNA interference (RNAi) techniques hold potential; however, the delivery of RNAi-mediating agents is a well-known obstacle to harnessing its clinical application. We introduce a novel antiviral approach using bacterial vectors that target avian mucosal epithelial cells and deliver (small interfering RNA) siRNAs against two AIV genes, nucleoprotein (NP) and polymerase acidic protein (PA). Using a red fluorescent reporter, we first demonstrated vector delivery and intracellular expression in avian epithelial cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated significant reductions in AIV shedding when applying these anti-AIV vectors prophylactically. These antiviral vectors provided up to a 10,000-fold reduction in viral titers shed, demonstrating in vitro proof-of-concept for using these novel anti-AIV vectors to inhibit AIV shedding. Our results indicate this siRNA vector technology could represent a scalable and clinically applicable antiviral technology for avian and human influenza and a prototype for RNAi-based vectors against other viruses.
Collapse
|
34
|
Chiang CJ, Chang CH, Chao YP, Kao MC. Development of a Targeted Gene-Delivery System Using Escherichia coli. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1409:85-93. [PMID: 26846805 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3515-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A gene-delivery system based on microbes is useful for development of targeted gene therapy of non-phagocytic cancer cells. Here, the feasibility of the delivery system is illustrated by targeted delivery of a transgene (i.e., eukaryotic GFP) by Escherichia coli to HER2/neu-positive cancer cells. An E. coli strain was engineered with surface display of the anti-HER2/neu affibody. To release the gene cargo, a programmed lysis system based on phage ϕX174 gene E was introduced into the E. coli strain. As a result, 3 % of HER2/neu-positive cells that were infected with engineered E. coli were able to express the GFP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jen Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, 40402, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100 Wenhwa Road, 40724, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Peng Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100 Wenhwa Road, 40724, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Ching Kao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, 40402, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Reeves AZ, Spears WE, Du J, Tan KY, Wagers AJ, Lesser CF. Engineering Escherichia coli into a protein delivery system for mammalian cells. ACS Synth Biol 2015; 4:644-54. [PMID: 25853840 PMCID: PMC4487226 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Many Gram-negative pathogens encode type 3 secretion systems, sophisticated nanomachines that deliver proteins directly into the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. These systems present attractive opportunities for therapeutic protein delivery applications; however, their utility has been limited by their inherent pathogenicity. Here, we report the reengineering of a laboratory strain of Escherichia coli with a tunable type 3 secretion system that can efficiently deliver heterologous proteins into mammalian cells, thereby circumventing the need for virulence attenuation. We first introduced a 31 kB region of Shigella flexneri DNA that encodes all of the information needed to form the secretion nanomachine onto a plasmid that can be directly propagated within E. coli or integrated into the E. coli chromosome. To provide flexible control over type 3 secretion and protein delivery, we generated plasmids expressing master regulators of the type 3 system from either constitutive or inducible promoters. We then constructed a Gateway-compatible plasmid library of type 3 secretion sequences to enable rapid screening and identification of sequences that do not perturb function when fused to heterologous protein substrates and optimized their delivery into mammalian cells. Combining these elements, we found that coordinated expression of the type 3 secretion system and modified target protein substrates produces a nonpathogenic strain that expresses, secretes, and delivers heterologous proteins into mammalian cells. This reengineered system thus provides a highly flexible protein delivery platform with potential for future therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Analise Z. Reeves
- Department
of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - William E. Spears
- Department
of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Juan Du
- Department
of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Kah Yong Tan
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative
Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Amy J. Wagers
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative
Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Cammie F. Lesser
- Department
of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lee TJ, Wong J, Bae S, Lee AJ, Lopatkin A, Yuan F, You L. A power-law dependence of bacterial invasion on mammalian host receptors. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004203. [PMID: 25879937 PMCID: PMC4399907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria such as Listeria and Yersinia gain initial entry by binding to host target cells and stimulating their internalization. Bacterial uptake entails successive, increasingly strong associations between receptors on the surface of bacteria and hosts. Even with genetically identical cells grown in the same environment, there are vast differences in the number of bacteria entering any given cell. To gain insight into this variability, we examined uptake dynamics of Escherichia coli engineered to express the invasin surface receptor from Yersinia, which enables uptake via mammalian host β1-integrins. Surprisingly, we found that the uptake probability of a single bacterium follows a simple power-law dependence on the concentration of integrins. Furthermore, the value of a power-law parameter depends on the particular host-bacterium pair but not on bacterial concentration. This power-law captures the complex, variable processes underlying bacterial invasion while also enabling differentiation of cell lines. Uptake of bacteria by mammalian cells is highly variable within a population of host cells and between host cell types. A detailed but unwieldy mechanistic model describing individual host-pathogen receptor binding events is captured by a simple power-law dependence on the concentration of the host receptors. The power-law parameters capture characteristics of the host-bacterium pair interaction and can differentiate host cell lines. This study has important implications for understanding the accuracy and precision of therapeutics employing receptor-mediated transport of materials to mammalian hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae J. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sena Bae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Anna Jisu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Allison Lopatkin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Fan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lingchong You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Systems Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
García K, Ramírez-Araya S, Díaz Á, Reyes-Cerpa S, Espejo RT, Higuera G, Romero J. Inactivated E. coli transformed with plasmids that produce dsRNA against infectious salmon anemia virus hemagglutinin show antiviral activity when added to infected ASK cells. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:300. [PMID: 25932022 PMCID: PMC4399331 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) has caused great losses to the Chilean salmon industry, and the success of prevention and treatment strategies is uncertain. The use of RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising approach because during the replication cycle, the ISAV genome must be transcribed to mRNA in the cytoplasm. We explored the capacity of E. coli transformed with plasmids that produce double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to induce antiviral activity when added to infected ASK cells. We transformed the non-pathogenic Escherichia coli HT115 (DE3) with plasmids that expressed highly conserved regions of the ISAV genes encoding the nucleoprotein (NP), fusion (F), hemagglutinin (HE), and matrix (M) proteins as dsRNA, which is the precursor of the RNAi mechanism. The inactivated transformed bacteria carrying dsRNA were tested for their capacity to silence the target ISAV genes, and the dsRNA that were able to inhibit gene expression were subsequently tested for their ability to attenuate the cytopathic effect (CPE) and reduce the viral load. Of the four target genes tested, inactivated E. coli transformed with plasmids producing dsRNA targeting HE showed antiviral activity when added to infected ASK cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine García
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Unidad de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Ramírez-Araya
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Unidad de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Álvaro Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Unidad de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Reyes-Cerpa
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Romilio T Espejo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Unidad de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Centro Nacional de Genómica y Bioinformática (Omics Solutions) Santiago, Chile
| | - Gastón Higuera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Unidad de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Romero
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Unidad de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang X, Kong W, Wanda SY, Xin W, Alamuri P, Curtiss R. Generation of influenza virus from avian cells infected by Salmonella carrying the viral genome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119041. [PMID: 25742162 PMCID: PMC4351096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic poultry serve as intermediates for transmission of influenza A virus from the wild aquatic bird reservoir to humans, resulting in influenza outbreaks in poultry and potential epidemics/pandemics among human beings. To combat emerging avian influenza virus, an inexpensive, heat-stable, and orally administered influenza vaccine would be useful to vaccinate large commercial poultry flocks and even migratory birds. Our hypothesized vaccine is a recombinant attenuated bacterial strain able to mediate production of attenuated influenza virus in vivo to induce protective immunity against influenza. Here we report the feasibility and technical limitations toward such an ideal vaccine based on our exploratory study. Five 8-unit plasmids carrying a chloramphenicol resistance gene or free of an antibiotic resistance marker were constructed. Influenza virus was successfully generated in avian cells transfected by each of the plasmids. The Salmonella carrier was engineered to allow stable maintenance and conditional release of the 8-unit plasmid into the avian cells for recovery of influenza virus. Influenza A virus up to 10⁷ 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50)/ml were recovered from 11 out of 26 co-cultures of chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF) and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells upon infection by the recombinant Salmonella carrying the 8-unit plasmid. Our data prove that a bacterial carrier can mediate generation of influenza virus by delivering its DNA cargoes into permissive host cells. Although we have made progress in developing this Salmonella influenza virus vaccine delivery system, further improvements are necessary to achieve efficient virus production, especially in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Zhang
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy/Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Wei Kong
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Soo-Young Wanda
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Wei Xin
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Praveen Alamuri
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Roy Curtiss
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- School of Life Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gallagher RR, Patel JR, Interiano AL, Rovner AJ, Isaacs FJ. Multilayered genetic safeguards limit growth of microorganisms to defined environments. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:1945-54. [PMID: 25567985 PMCID: PMC4330353 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are commonly used to produce valuable compounds in closed industrial systems. However, their emerging applications in open clinical or environmental settings require enhanced safety and security measures. Intrinsic biocontainment, the creation of bacterial hosts unable to survive in natural environments, remains a major unsolved biosafety problem. We developed a new biocontainment strategy containing overlapping 'safeguards'-engineered riboregulators that tightly control expression of essential genes, and an engineered addiction module based on nucleases that cleaves the host genome-to restrict viability of Escherichia coli cells to media containing exogenously supplied synthetic small molecules. These multilayered safeguards maintain robust growth in permissive conditions, eliminate persistence and limit escape frequencies to <1.3 × 10(-12). The staged approach to safeguard implementation revealed mechanisms of escape and enabled strategies to overcome them. Our safeguarding strategy is modular and employs conserved mechanisms that could be extended to clinically or industrially relevant organisms and undomesticated species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Gallagher
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Jaymin R Patel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Alexander L Interiano
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Alexis J Rovner
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Farren J Isaacs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Byrne WL, Murphy CT, Cronin M, Wirth T, Tangney M. Bacterial-mediated DNA delivery to tumour associated phagocytic cells. J Control Release 2014; 196:384-93. [PMID: 25466954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytic cells including macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils are now recognised as playing a negative role in many disease settings including cancer. In particular, macrophages are known to play a pathophysiological role in multiple diseases and present a valid and ubiquitous therapeutic target. The technology to target these phagocytic cells in situ, both selectively and efficiently, is required in order to translate novel therapeutic modalities into clinical reality. We present a novel delivery strategy using non-pathogenic bacteria to effect gene delivery specifically to tumour-associated phagocytic cells. Non-invasive bacteria lack the ability to actively enter host cells, except for phagocytic cells. We exploit this natural property to effect 'passive transfection' of tumour-associated phagocytic cells following direct administration of transgene-loaded bacteria to tumour regions. Using an in vitro-differentiated human monocyte cell line and two in vivo mouse models (an ovarian cancer ascites and a solid colon tumour model) proof of delivery is demonstrated with bacteria carrying reporter constructs. The results confirm that the delivery strategy is specific for phagocytic cells and that the bacterial vector itself recruits more phagocytic cells to the tumour. While proof of delivery to phagocytic cells is demonstrated in vivo for solid and ascites tumour models, this strategy may be applied to other settings, including non-cancer related disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W L Byrne
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C T Murphy
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M Cronin
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - T Wirth
- Aurealis Pharma, Microkatu 1, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Tangney
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Spisni E, Valerii MC, De Fazio L, Cavazza E, Borsetti F, Sgromo A, Candela M, Centanni M, Rizello F, Strillacci A. Cyclooxygenase-2 silencing for the treatment of colitis: a combined in vivo strategy based on RNA interference and engineered Escherichia coli. Mol Ther 2014; 23:278-89. [PMID: 25393372 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonpathogenic-invasive Escherichia coli (InvColi) bacteria are suitable for genetic transfer into mammalian cells and may act as a vehicle for RNA Interference (RNAi) in vivo. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), two inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine grouped as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We engineered InvColi strains for anti-COX-2 RNAi (InvColi(shCOX2)), aiming to investigate the in vivo feasibility of a novel COX-2 silencing strategy in a murine model of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Enema administrations of InvColi(shCOX2) in DSS-treated mice led to COX-2 downregulation, colonic mucosa preservation, reduced colitis disease activity index (DAI) and increased mice survival. Moreover, DSS/InvColi(shCOX2)-treated mice showed lower levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and a reduced colitis-associated shift of gut microbiota. Considering its effectiveness and safety, we propose our InvColi(shCOX2) strategy as a promising tool for molecular therapy in intestinal inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Spisni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Biology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria C Valerii
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Biology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigia De Fazio
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Biology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Cavazza
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Biology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Borsetti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Biology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annamaria Sgromo
- 1] Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Biology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy [2] Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Centanni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fernando Rizello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Strillacci
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Biology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jackson RW, Vinatzer B, Arnold DL, Dorus S, Murillo J. The influence of the accessory genome on bacterial pathogen evolution. Mob Genet Elements 2014; 1:55-65. [PMID: 22016845 DOI: 10.4161/mge.1.1.16432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens exhibit significant variation in their genomic content of virulence factors. This reflects the abundance of strategies pathogens evolved to infect host organisms by suppressing host immunity. Molecular arms-races have been a strong driving force for the evolution of pathogenicity, with pathogens often encoding overlapping or redundant functions, such as type III protein secretion effectors and hosts encoding ever more sophisticated immune systems. The pathogens' frequent exposure to other microbes, either in their host or in the environment, provides opportunities for the acquisition or interchange of mobile genetic elements. These DNA elements accessorize the core genome and can play major roles in shaping genome structure and altering the complement of virulence factors. Here, we review the different mobile genetic elements focusing on the more recent discoveries and highlighting their role in shaping bacterial pathogen evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Jackson
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Reading; Whiteknights; Reading, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jones CH, Hakansson AP, Pfeifer BA. Biomaterials at the interface of nano- and micro-scale vector-cellular interactions in genetic vaccine design. J Mater Chem B 2014; 46:8053-8068. [PMID: 29887986 PMCID: PMC5990286 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01058b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of safe and effective vaccines for the prevention of elusive infectious diseases remains a public health priority. Immunization, characterized by adaptive immune responses to specific antigens, can be raised by an array of delivery vectors. However, current commercial vaccination strategies are predicated on the retooling of archaic technology. This review will discuss current and emerging strategies designed to elicit immune responses in the context of genetic vaccination. Selected strategies at the biomaterial-biological interface will be emphasized to illustrate the potential of coupling both fields towards a common goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Jones
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Anders P Hakansson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
- The Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Blaine A Pfeifer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Raz Y, Tannenbaum ED. Repression/depression of conjugative plasmids and their influence on the mutation-selection balance in static environments. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96839. [PMID: 24811122 PMCID: PMC4014554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We study the effect that conjugation-mediated Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) has on the mutation-selection balance of a population in a static environment. We consider a model whereby a population of unicellular organisms, capable of conjugation, comes to mutation-selection balance in the presence of an antibiotic, which induces a first-order death rate constant for genomes that are not resistant. We explicitly take into consideration the repression/de-repression dynamics of the conjugative plasmid, and assume that a de-repressed plasmid remains temporarily de-repressed after copying itself into another cell. We assume that both repression and de-repression are characterized by first-order rate constants and , respectively. We find that conjugation has a deleterious effect on the mean fitness of the population, suggesting that HGT does not provide a selective advantage in a static environment, but is rather only useful for adapting to new environments. This effect can be ameliorated by repression, suggesting that while HGT is not necessarily advantageous for a population in a static environment, its deleterious effect on the mean fitness can be negated via repression. Therefore, it is likely that HGT is much more advantageous in a dynamic landscape. Furthermore, in the limiting case of a vanishing spontaneous de-repression rate constant, we find that the fraction of conjugators in the population undergoes a phase transition as a function of population density. Below a critical population density, the fraction of conjugators is zero, while above this critical population density the fraction of conjugators rises continuously to one. Our model for conjugation-mediated HGT is related to models of infectious disease dynamics, where the conjugators play the role of the infected (I) class, and the non-conjugators play the role of the susceptible (S) class.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Raz
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beér-Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lioy VS, Goussard S, Guerineau V, Yoon EJ, Courvalin P, Galimand M, Grillot-Courvalin C. Aminoglycoside resistance 16S rRNA methyltransferases block endogenous methylation, affect translation efficiency and fitness of the host. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 20:382-91. [PMID: 24398977 PMCID: PMC3923132 DOI: 10.1261/rna.042572.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In Gram-negative bacteria, acquired 16S rRNA methyltransferases ArmA and NpmA confer high-level resistance to all clinically useful aminoglycosides by modifying, respectively, G1405 and A1408 in the A-site. These enzymes must coexist with several endogenous methyltransferases that are essential for fine-tuning of the decoding center, such as RsmH and RsmI in Escherichia coli, which methylate C1402 and RsmF C1407. The resistance methyltransferases have a contrasting distribution--ArmA has spread worldwide, whereas a single clinical isolate producing NpmA has been reported. The rate of dissemination of resistance depends on the fitness cost associated with its expression. We have compared ArmA and NpmA in isogenic Escherichia coli harboring the corresponding structural genes and their inactive point mutants cloned under the control of their native constitutive promoter in the stable plasmid pGB2. Growth rate determination and competition experiments showed that ArmA had a fitness cost due to methylation of G1405, whereas NpmA conferred only a slight disadvantage to the host due to production of the enzyme. MALDI MS indicated that ArmA impeded one of the methylations at C1402 by RsmI, and not at C1407 as previously proposed, whereas NpmA blocked the activity of RsmF at C1407. A dual luciferase assay showed that methylation at G1405 and A1408 and lack of methylation at C1407 affect translation accuracy. These results indicate that resistance methyltransferases impair endogenous methylation with different consequences on cell fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia S. Lioy
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Agents Antibactériens, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Sylvie Goussard
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Agents Antibactériens, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Vincent Guerineau
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Eun-Jeong Yoon
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Agents Antibactériens, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Patrice Courvalin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Agents Antibactériens, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Marc Galimand
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Agents Antibactériens, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Corresponding authorsE-mail E-mail
| | - Catherine Grillot-Courvalin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Agents Antibactériens, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Corresponding authorsE-mail E-mail
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen Q, Lee CW, Sim EUH, Narayanan K. Induction of Protein Expression Within Escherichia coli Vector for Entry into Mammalian Cells. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2014; 25:40-7. [DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2012.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Chen
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway 46150, Malaysia
| | - Choon-Weng Lee
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Edmund Ui-Hang Sim
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak 94300, Malaysia
| | - Kumaran Narayanan
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway 46150, Malaysia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jones CH, Rane S, Patt E, Ravikrishnan A, Chen CK, Cheng C, Pfeifer BA. Polymyxin B treatment improves bactofection efficacy and reduces cytotoxicity. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4301-8. [PMID: 24093973 PMCID: PMC5232419 DOI: 10.1021/mp4003927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Improvements to bacterial vectors have resulted in nonviral gene therapy vehicles that are easily prepared and can achieve high levels of transfection efficacy. However, these vectors are plagued by potential cytotoxicity and immunogenicity, prompting means of attenuation to reduce unwanted biological outcomes while maintaining transfection efficiency. In this study, listeriolysin O (LLO) producing Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) strains were pretreated with polymyxin B (PLB), a pore-forming antibiotic, and tested as a delivery vector for gene transfer to a murine RAW264.7 macrophage cell line using a 96-well high-throughput assay. PLB treatment resulted in statistically significant higher levels of gene delivery and lower cytotoxicity. The results suggest a fine balance between bacterial cellular damage, heightened gene and protein release, and increased mammalian cell gene delivery. Overall, the approach presented provides a simple and effective way to enhance bacterial gene delivery while simultaneously reducing unwanted outcomes as a function of using a biological vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles H. Jones
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Snehal Rane
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Emily Patt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Anitha Ravikrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Chih-Kaung Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Chong Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Blaine A. Pfeifer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Huh JH, Kittleson JT, Arkin AP, Anderson JC. Modular design of a synthetic payload delivery device. ACS Synth Biol 2013; 2:418-24. [PMID: 23654275 DOI: 10.1021/sb300107h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Predictable engineering of complex biological behaviors using characterized molecular functions remains a key challenge in synthetic biology. To explore the process of engineering biological behaviors, we applied a modular design strategy to the development of E. coli that deliver macromolecules to the cytoplasm of cancer cells in vitro. First, we specified five abstract, qualitative behaviors that would act in concert to achieve payload delivery. Drawing from disparate sources of previously described genetic components, we then designed, constructed, and tested individual genetic circuits to implement each module. Subsequent coupling of the modules and system optimization, aided by quantitative predictions, generated a system that delivers proteins to 80% of targeted cancer cells. Development of an effective delivery system provides strong evidence that advanced cellular behaviors, not just transcriptional circuits, can be rationally decomposed into a series of functional genetic modules and then constructed to achieve the target activity with the existing synthetic biology toolkit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin H. Huh
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center (SynBERC), Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Josh T. Kittleson
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center (SynBERC), Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Adam P. Arkin
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center (SynBERC), Berkeley, California
94720, United States
- Physical
Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - J. Christopher Anderson
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center (SynBERC), Berkeley, California
94720, United States
- Physical
Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Othman S, Roe AJ, Parton R, Coote JG. Use of a dual reporter plasmid to demonstrate Bactofection with an attenuated AroA(-) derivative of Pasteurella multocida B:2. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71524. [PMID: 23951183 PMCID: PMC3741130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A reporter plasmid pSRG has been developed which expresses red fluorescent protein (RFP) from a constitutive prokaryotic promoter within Pasteurella multocida B:2 and green fluorescent protein (GFP) from a constitutive eukaryotic promoter within mammalian cells. This construct has been used to determine the location and viability of the bacteria when moving from the extracellular environment into the intracellular compartment of mammalian cells. Invasion assays with embryonic bovine lung (EBL) cells and an attenuated AroA(-) derivative of Pasteurella multocida B:2 (strain JRMT12), harbouring the plasmid pSRG, showed that RFP-expressing bacteria could be detected intracellularly at 3 h post-invasion. At this stage, some EBL cells harbouring RFP-expressing bacteria were observed to express GFP simultaneously, indicating release of the plasmid into the intracellular environment. At 5 h post-invasion, more EBL cells were expressing GFP, while still harbouring RFP-expressing bacteria. Concurrently, some EBL cells were shown to express only GFP, indicating loss of viable bacteria within these cells. These experiments proved the functionality of the pSRG dual reporter system and the potential of P. multocida B:2 JRMT12 for bactofection and delivery of a DNA vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Othman
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Narayanan K, Lee CW, Radu A, Sim EUH. Escherichia coli bactofection using Lipofectamine. Anal Biochem 2013; 439:142-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|