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Mulder RH, Kraaij R, Schuurmans IK, Frances-Cuesta C, Sanz Y, Medina-Gomez C, Duijts L, Rivadeneira F, Tiemeier H, Jaddoe VWV, Felix JF, Cecil CAM. Early-life stress and the gut microbiome: A comprehensive population-based investigation. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:117-127. [PMID: 38402916 PMCID: PMC7615798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress (ELS) has been robustly associated with a range of poor mental and physical health outcomes. Recent studies implicate the gut microbiome in stress-related mental, cardio-metabolic and immune health problems, but research on humans is scarce and thus far often based on small, selected samples, often using retrospective reports of ELS. We examined associations between ELS and the human gut microbiome in a large, population-based study of children. ELS was measured prospectively from birth to 10 years of age in 2,004 children from the Generation R Study. We studied overall ELS, as well as unique effects of five different ELS domains, including life events, contextual risk, parental risk, interpersonal risk, and direct victimization. Stool microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing at age 10 years and data were analyzed at multiple levels (i.e. α- and β-diversity indices, individual genera and predicted functional pathways). In addition, we explored potential mediators of ELS-microbiome associations, including diet at age 8 and body mass index at 10 years. While no associations were observed between overall ELS (composite score of five domains) and the microbiome after multiple testing correction, contextual risk - a specific ELS domain related to socio-economic stress, including risk factors such as financial difficulties and low maternal education - was significantly associated with microbiome variability. This ELS domain was associated with lower α-diversity, with β-diversity, and with predicted functional pathways involved, amongst others, in tryptophan biosynthesis. These associations were in part mediated by overall diet quality, a pro-inflammatory diet, fiber intake, and body mass index (BMI). These results suggest that stress related to socio-economic adversity - but not overall early life stress - is associated with a less diverse microbiome in the general population, and that this association may in part be explained by poorer diet and higher BMI. Future research is needed to test causality and to establish whether modifiable factors such as diet could be used to mitigate the negative effects of socio-economic adversity on the microbiome and related health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa H Mulder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Robert Kraaij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Isabel K Schuurmans
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Carlos Frances-Cuesta
- Microbiome, Nutrition & Health Research Unit. Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbiome, Nutrition & Health Research Unit. Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Charlotte A M Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Yin X, Zhao Y, Wang S, Feng H, He X, Li X, Liu X, Lu H, Wen D, Shi Y, Shi H. Postweaning stress affects behavior, brain and gut microbiota of adolescent mice in a sex-dependent manner. Neuropharmacology 2024; 248:109869. [PMID: 38354850 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Aggression is an instinctive behavior that has been reported to be influenced by early-life stress. However, the potential effects of acute stress during the postweaning period, a key stage for brain development, on defensive aggression and the associated mechanism remain poorly understood. In the present study, aggressive behaviors were evaluated in adolescent mice exposed to postweaning stress. Serum corticosterone and testosterone levels, neural dendritic spine density, and gut microbiota composition were determined to identify the underlying mechanism. Behavioral analysis showed that postweaning stress reduced locomotor activity in mice and decreased defensive aggression in male mice. ELISA results showed that postweaning stress reduced serum testosterone levels in female mice. Golgi staining analysis demonstrated that postweaning stress decreased neural dendritic spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex of male mice. 16S rRNA sequencing results indicated that postweaning stress altered the composition of the gut microbiota in male mice. Combined, these results suggested that postweaning stress alters defensive aggression in male mice, which may be due to changes in neuronal structure as well as gut microbiota composition. Our findings highlight the long-lasting and sex-dependent effects of early-life experience on behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyong Yin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xinyue He
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xincheng Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Hengtai Lu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Di Wen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Haishui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Nursing School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China.
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3
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Taghaddos D, Saqib Z, Bai X, Bercik P, Collins SM. Post-infectious ibs following Clostridioides difficile infection; role of microbiota and implications for treatment. Dig Liver Dis 2024:S1590-8658(24)00309-8. [PMID: 38653643 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Up to 25% of patients recovering from antibiotic-treated Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) develop functional symptoms reminiscent of Post-Infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI-IBS). For patients with persistent symptoms following infection, a clinical dilemma arises as to whether to provide additional antibiotic treatment or to adopt a conservative symptom-based approach. Here, we review the literature on CDI-related PI-IBS and compare the findings with PI-IBS. We review proposed mechanisms, including the role of C. difficile toxins and the microbiota, and discuss implications for therapy. We suggest that gut dysfunction post-CDI may be initiated by toxin-induced damage to enteroglial cells and that a dysbiotic gut microbitota maintains the clinical phenotype over time, prompting consideration of microbiota-directed therapies. While Fecal Microbial Transplant (FMT) is currently reserved for recurrent CDI (rCDI), we propose that microbiota-directed therapies may have a role in primary CDI in order to avoid or mitigate futher antibiotic treatment that further disrupts the microbiota and thus prevent PI-IBS. We discuss novel microbial transfer therapies and as they emerge, we recommend clinical trials to determine whether microbial transfer therapy of the primary infection prevents both rCDI and CDI-related PI- IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Taghaddos
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zarwa Saqib
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xaiopeng Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen M Collins
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Lin K, Peng F, He K, Qian Z, Mei X, Su Z, Wujimaiti Y, Xia X, Zhang T. Research progress on intestinal microbiota regulating cognitive function through the gut-brain axis. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07525-5. [PMID: 38632176 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota community is a fundamental component of the human body and plays a significant regulatory role in maintaining overall health and in the management disease states.The intestinal microbiota-gut-brain axis represents a vital connection in the cognitive regulation of the central nervous system by the intestinal microbiota.The impact of intestinal microbiota on cognitive function is hypothesized to manifest through both the nervous system and circulatory system. Imbalances in intestinal microbiota during the perioperative period could potentially contribute to perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction. This article concentrates on a review of existing literature to explore the potential influence of intestinal microbiota on brain and cognitive functions via the nervous and circulatory systems.Additionally, it summarizes recent findings on the impact of perioperative intestinal dysbacteriosis on perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction and suggests novel approaches for prevention and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Lin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Peng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital Of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kunyang He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengyu Qian
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuan Mei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhikun Su
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Xun Xia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital Of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tianyao Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital Of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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5
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Tang C, Liu H, Zou H, Su M, Yin H, Sun M, Zhao Y, Guo J, Lai X, Xue X, Li E. Dihydroartemisinin Protects Mice from CUMS-induced Depression-like Behaviors by Regulating Gut Microbes. Neuroscience 2024; 547:28-36. [PMID: 38552734 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common forms of psychopathology, which is associated with gut microbiota dysfunction. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has been shown to regulate gut microbiota and ameliorate neuropathies, but whether it can be used to treat depression remains unclear. Our study found that DHA treatment raised the preference for sugar water in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced mice and reduced the immobility time in open field, forced swimming and tail suspension experiments, and promoted doublecortin expression. Additionally, DHA up-regulated the diversity and richness of intestinal microbiota in depression-like mice, and restored the abnormal abundance of microbiota induced by CUMS, such as Turicibacter, Lachnospiraceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Erysipelatoclostridium, Eubacterium, Psychrobacter, Atopostipes, Ileibacterium, Coriobacteriacea, Alistipes, Roseburia, Rikenella, Eggerthellaceae, Ruminococcus, Tyzzerella, and Clostridia. Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis revealed that gut microbiota involved in the process of depression may be related to glucose metabolism, energy absorption and transport, and AMPK signaling pathway. These results indicated that DHA may play a protective role in CUMS-induced depression by mediating gut-microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, PR China
| | - Haiming Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangdong Province Hospital Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, PR China
| | - Hui Zou
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, PR China
| | - Meilei Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, PR China
| | - Honglei Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, PR China
| | - Meihua Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, PR China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, PR China
| | - Junlong Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, PR China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, PR China.
| | - Enze Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, PR China.
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Chen J, Dai XY, Zhao BC, Xu XW, Kang JX, Xu YR, Li JL. Role of the GLP2-Wnt1 axis in silicon-rich alkaline mineral water maintaining intestinal epithelium regeneration in piglets under early-life stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:126. [PMID: 38470510 PMCID: PMC10933158 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Stress-induced intestinal epithelial injury (IEI) and a delay in repair in infancy are predisposing factors for refractory gut diseases in adulthood, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Hence, it is necessary to develop appropriate mitigation methods for mammals when experiencing early-life stress (ELS). Weaning, as we all know, is a vital procedure that all mammalian newborns, including humans, must go through. Maternal separation (MS) stress in infancy (regarded as weaning stress in animal science) is a commonly used ELS paradigm. Drinking silicon-rich alkaline mineral water (AMW) has a therapeutic effect on enteric disease, but the specific mechanisms involved have not been reported. Herein, we discover the molecular mechanism by which silicon-rich AMW repairs ELS-induced IEI by maintaining intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and differentiation through the glucagon-like peptide (GLP)2-Wnt1 axis. Mechanistic study showed that silicon-rich AMW activates GLP2-dependent Wnt1/β-catenin pathway, and drives ISC proliferation and differentiation by stimulating Lgr5+ ISC cell cycle passage through the G1-S-phase checkpoint, thereby maintaining intestinal epithelial regeneration and IEI repair. Using GLP2 antagonists (GLP23-33) and small interfering RNA (SiWnt1) in vitro, we found that the GLP2-Wnt1 axis is the target of silicon-rich AMW to promote intestinal epithelium regeneration. Therefore, silicon-rich AMW maintains intestinal epithelium regeneration through the GLP2-Wnt1 axis in piglets under ELS. Our research contributes to understanding the mechanism of silicon-rich AMW promoting gut epithelial regeneration and provides a new strategy for the alleviation of ELS-induced IEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Chen Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Wen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ru Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Labetoulle M, Baudouin C, Benitez Del Castillo JM, Rolando M, Rescigno M, Messmer EM, Aragona P. How gut microbiota may impact ocular surface homeostasis and related disorders. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024:101250. [PMID: 38460758 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Changes in the bacterial flora in the gut, also described as gut microbiota, are readily acknowledged to be associated with several systemic diseases, especially those with an inflammatory, neuronal, psychological or hormonal factor involved in the pathogenesis and/or the perception of the disease. Maintaining ocular surface homeostasis is also based on all these four factors, and there is accumulating evidence in the literature on the relationship between gut microbiota and ocular surface diseases. The mechanisms involved are mostly interconnected due to the interaction of central and peripheral neuronal networks, inflammatory effectors and the hormonal system. A better understanding of the influence of the gut microbiota on the maintenance of ocular surface homeostasis, and on the onset or persistence of ocular surface disorders could bring new insights and help elucidate the epidemiology and pathology of ocular surface dynamics in health and disease. Revealing the exact nature of these associations could be of paramount importance for developing a holistic approach using highly promising new therapeutic strategies targeting ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology Départment, Hopital Bicetre, APHP, Université Paris-Saclay, IDMIT Infrastructure, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Hôpital National de la Vision des Quinze, Vingts, IHU ForeSight, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France.
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Hôpital National de la Vision des Quinze, Vingts, IHU ForeSight, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Jose M Benitez Del Castillo
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Clínica Rementeria, Instituto Investigaciones Oftalmologicas Ramon Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maurizio Rolando
- Ocular Surface and Dry Eye Center, ISPRE Ophthalmics, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, MI, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Aragona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Hao W, Ma Q, Wang L, Yuan N, Gan H, He L, Li X, Huang J, Chen J. Gut dysbiosis induces the development of depression-like behavior through abnormal synapse pruning in microglia-mediated by complement C3. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:34. [PMID: 38378622 PMCID: PMC10877840 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remodeling eubiosis of the gut microenvironment may contribute to preventing the occurrence and development of depression. Mounting experimental evidence has shown that complement C3 signaling is associated with the pathogenesis of depression, and disruption of the gut microbiota may be an underlying cause of complement system activation. However, the mechanism by which complement C3 participates in gut-brain crosstalk in the pathogenesis of depression remains unknown. RESULTS In the present study, we found that chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced mice exhibited obvious depression-like behavior as well as cognitive impairment, which was associated with significant gut dysbiosis, especially enrichment of Proteobacteria and elevation of microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In addition, peripheral and central complement C3 activation and central C3/CR3-mediated aberrant synaptic pruning in microglia have also been observed. Transplantation of gut microbiota from CUMS-induced depression model mice into specific pathogen-free and germ-free mice induced depression-like behavior and concomitant cognitive impairment in the recipient mice, accompanied by increased activation of the complement C3/CR3 pathway in the prefrontal cortex and abnormalities in microglia-mediated synaptic pruning. Conversely, antidepressants and fecal microbiota transplantation from antidepressant-treated donors improved depression-like behaviors and restored gut microbiome disturbances in depressed mice. Concurrently, inhibition of the complement C3/CR3 pathway, amelioration of abnormal microglia-mediated synaptic pruning, and increased expression of the synapsin and postsynaptic density protein 95 were observed. Collectively, our results revealed that gut dysbiosis induces the development of depression-like behaviors through abnormal synapse pruning in microglia-mediated by complement C3, and the inhibition of abnormal synaptic pruning is the key to targeting microbes to treat depression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide novel insights into the involvement of complement C3/CR3 signaling and aberrant synaptic pruning of chemotactic microglia in gut-brain crosstalk in the pathogenesis of depression. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Hao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naijun Yuan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Gan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang He
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Junqing Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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De Santa F, Strimpakos G, Marchetti N, Gargari G, Torcinaro A, Arioli S, Mora D, Petrella C, Farioli-Vecchioli S. Effect of a multi-strain probiotic mixture consumption on anxiety and depression symptoms induced in adult mice by postnatal maternal separation. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:29. [PMID: 38369490 PMCID: PMC10875865 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01752-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal microbial composition not only affects the health of the gut but also influences centrally mediated systems involved in mood, through the "gut-brain" axis, a bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and the brain. In this context, the modulation of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites through the administration of probiotics seems to represent a very promising approach in the treatment of the central nervous system alterations. Early postnatal life is a critical period during which the brain undergoes profound and essential modulations in terms of maturation and plasticity. Maternal separation (MS), i.e., the disruption of the mother-pup interaction, represents a pivotal paradigm in the study of stress-related mood disorders, by inducing persistent changes in the immune system, inflammatory processes, and emotional behavior in adult mammals. RESULTS We conducted experiments to investigate whether sustained consumption of a multi-strain probiotic formulation by adult male mice could mitigate the effects of maternal separation. Our data demonstrated that the treatment with probiotics was able to totally reverse the anxiety- and depressive-like behavior; normalize the neuro-inflammatory state, by restoring the resting state of microglia; and finally induce a proneurogenic effect. Mice subjected to maternal separation showed changes in microbiota composition compared to the control group that resulted in permissive colonization by the administered multi-strain probiotic product. As a consequence, the probiotic treatment also significantly affected the production of SCFA and in particular the level of butyrate. CONCLUSION Gut microbiota and its metabolites mediate the therapeutic action of the probiotic mix on MS-induced brain dysfunctions. Our findings extend the knowledge on the use of probiotics as a therapeutic tool in the presence of alterations of the emotional sphere that significantly impact on gut microbiota composition. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Santa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Via E. Ramarini, 32, Monterotondo, Rome, 00015, Italy
| | - Georgios Strimpakos
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Via E. Ramarini, 32, Monterotondo, Rome, 00015, Italy
| | - Nicole Marchetti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Via E. Ramarini, 32, Monterotondo, Rome, 00015, Italy
- Sciences of Nutrition, Aging, Metabolism and Gender Pathologies, Catholic University of Roma, Rome, 00100, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gargari
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Torcinaro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Via E. Ramarini, 32, Monterotondo, Rome, 00015, Italy
| | - Stefania Arioli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Mora
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Farioli-Vecchioli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Via E. Ramarini, 32, Monterotondo, Rome, 00015, Italy.
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10
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Lu T, Huang C, Weng R, Wang Z, Sun H, Ma X. Enteric glial cells contribute to chronic stress-induced alterations in the intestinal microbiota and barrier in rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24899. [PMID: 38317901 PMCID: PMC10838753 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence has demonstrated the impact of psychological stress on intestinal microbiota, however, the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. Enteric glia, a unique type of peripheral glia found within the enteric nervous system (ENS), play an active role in enteric neural circuits and have profound effects on gut functions. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that enteric glia are involved in the alterations in the intestinal microflora and barrier induced by chronic water-avoidance stress (WAS) in the gut. Methods and results Western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used to examine the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) and choline acety1transferase (ChAT) in colon tissues. 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to analyse the composition of the intestinal microbiota in rats. Changes in the tight junction proteins Occludin, Claudin1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the colon tissues were detected after WAS. The abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 decreased significantly, whereas the abundance of Actinobacteria, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 and Christensenellaceae-R-7 increased significantly in stressed rats. Meanwhile, the expression of Occludin, Claudin1 and PCNA significantly decreased after WAS. Treatment with L-A-aminohexanedioic acid (L-AA), a gliotoxin that blunts astrocytic function, obviously decreased the abundance of Actinobacteria, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 and Christensenel-laceae_R-7 in stressed rats and significantly increased the abundance of Proteobacteria, Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136. In addition, the protein expression of colon Occludin, Claudin1, and PCNA increased after intraperitoneal injection of L-AA. Furthermore, the expression level of NOS in colon tissues was significantly decreased, whereas that of ChAT was significantly increased following L-AA treatment. Conclusions Our results showed that enteric glial cells may contribute to WAS-induced changes in the intestinal microbiota and barrier function by modulating the activity of NOS and cholinergic neurones in the ENS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lu
- Shandong Intelligent Technology Innovation Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Chenxu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Rongxin Weng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zepeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Haiji Sun
- Shandong Intelligent Technology Innovation Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Shandong Intelligent Technology Innovation Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, China
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11
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Madison AA, Bailey MT. Stressed to the Core: Inflammation and Intestinal Permeability Link Stress-Related Gut Microbiota Shifts to Mental Health Outcomes. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:339-347. [PMID: 38353184 PMCID: PMC10867428 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Stress levels are surging, alongside the incidence of stress-related psychiatric disorders. Perhaps a related phenomenon, especially in urban areas, the human gut contains fewer bacterial species than ever before. Although the functional implications of this absence are unclear, one consequence may be reduced stress resilience. Preclinical and clinical evidence has shown how stress exposure can alter the gut microbiota and their metabolites, affecting host physiology. Also, stress-related shifts in the gut microbiota jeopardize tight junctions of the gut barrier. In this context, bacteria and bacterial products can translocate from the gut to the bloodstream, lymph nodes, and other organs, thereby modifying systemic inflammatory responses. Heightened circulating inflammation can be an etiological factor in stress-related psychiatric disorders, including some cases of depression. In this review, we detail preclinical and clinical evidence that traces these brain-to-gut-to-brain pathways that underlie stress-related psychiatric disorders and potentially affect their responsivity to conventional psychiatric medications. We also review evidence for interventions that modulate the gut microbiota (e.g., antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics) to reduce stress responses and psychiatric symptoms. Lastly, we discuss challenges to translation and opportunities for innovations that could impact future psychiatric clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise A Madison
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Michael T Bailey
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and the Oral and Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
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12
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Zhang Z, Du L, Ji Q, Liu H, Ren Z, Ji G, Bian ZX, Zhao L. The Landscape of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites: A Key to Understanding the Pathophysiology of Pattern in Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:89-122. [PMID: 38351704 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Liver Stagnation and Spleen Deficiency (LSSD) is a Chinese Medicine (CM) pattern commonly observed in gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, yet its biological nature remains unknown. This limits the global use of CM medications for treating GI diseases. Recent studies emphasize the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in the pathogenesis and treatment of LSSD-associated GI diseases. There is increasing evidence supporting that an altered gut microbiome in LSSD patients or animals contributes to GI and extra-intestinal symptoms and affects the effectiveness of CM therapies. The gut microbiota is considered to be an essential component of the biological basis of LSSD. This study aims to provide an overview of existing research findings and gaps for the pathophysiological study of LSSD from the gut microbiota perspective in order to understand the relationship between the CM pattern and disease progression and to optimize CM-based diagnosis, prevention, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhou Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Liqing Du
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiuchen Ji
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Ren
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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13
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Vagnerová K, Gazárková T, Vodička M, Ergang P, Klusoňová P, Hudcovic T, Šrůtková D, Petr Hermanová P, Nováková L, Pácha J. Microbiota modulates the steroid response to acute immune stress in male mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330094. [PMID: 38361932 PMCID: PMC10867242 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiota plays a role in shaping the HPA-axis response to psychological stressors. To examine the role of microbiota in response to acute immune stressor, we stimulated the adaptive immune system by anti-CD3 antibody injection and investigated the expression of adrenal steroidogenic enzymes and profiling of plasma corticosteroids and their metabolites in specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) mice. Using UHPLC-MS/MS, we showed that 4 hours after immune challenge the plasma levels of pregnenolone, progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone (CORT), 11-dehydroCORT and their 3α/β-, 5α-, and 20α-reduced metabolites were increased in SPF mice, but in their GF counterparts, only CORT was increased. Neither immune stress nor microbiota changed the mRNA and protein levels of enzymes of adrenal steroidogenesis. In contrast, immune stress resulted in downregulated expression of steroidogenic genes (Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, Hsd3b6) and upregulated expression of genes of the 3α-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase pathway (Akr1c21, Dhrs9) in the testes of SPF mice. In the liver, immune stress downregulated the expression of genes encoding enzymes with 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) (Hsd3b2, Hsd3b3, Hsd3b4, Hsd3b5), 3α-HSD (Akr1c14), 20α-HSD (Akr1c6, Hsd17b1, Hsd17b2) and 5α-reductase (Srd5a1) activities, except for Dhrs9, which was upregulated. In the colon, microbiota downregulated Cyp11a1 and modulated the response of Hsd11b1 and Hsd11b2 expression to immune stress. These data underline the role of microbiota in shaping the response to immune stressor. Microbiota modulates the stress-induced increase in C21 steroids, including those that are neuroactive that could play a role in alteration of HPA axis response to stress in GF animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Vagnerová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Taťána Gazárková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Martin Vodička
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Peter Ergang
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Klusoňová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Hudcovic
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Nový Hrádek, Czechia
| | - Dagmar Šrůtková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Nový Hrádek, Czechia
| | | | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Jiří Pácha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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14
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Kazemian N, Zhou T, Chalasani N, Narayan A, Cedeño Laurent JG, Olvera Alvarez HA, Pakpour S. Long-Term Impact of Childhood Adversity on the Gut Microbiome of Nursing Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:68. [PMID: 38248533 PMCID: PMC10815413 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) encompass negative, stressful, and potentially traumatic events during childhood, impacting physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood. Limited studies suggest ACEs can have short-term effects on children's gut microbiomes and adult cognitive performance under stress. Nevertheless, the long-term effects of ACEs experienced during adulthood remain unexplored. Thus, this study aimed to assess the long-term effects of ACEs on the gut microbiota of adult nursing students. We employed a multidimensional approach, combining 16S rRNA sequencing, bioinformatics tools, and machine learning to predict functional capabilities. High-ACE individuals had an increased abundance of Butyricimonas spp. and Prevotella spp. and decreased levels of Clostridiales, and Lachnospira spp. Prevotella abundance correlated negatively with L-glutamate and L-glutamine biosynthesis, potentially impacting intestinal tissue integrity. While nursing students with high ACE reported increased depression, evidence for a direct gut microbiota-depression relationship was inconclusive. High-ACE individuals also experienced a higher prevalence of diarrhea. These findings highlight the long-lasting impact of ACEs on the gut microbiota and its functions in adulthood, particularly among nursing students. Further research is warranted to develop targeted interventions and strategies for healthcare professionals, optimizing overall health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Kazemian
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada;
| | - Tony Zhou
- Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (T.Z.); (N.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Naveen Chalasani
- Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (T.Z.); (N.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Apurva Narayan
- Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (T.Z.); (N.C.); (A.N.)
- Department of Computer Science, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jose Guillermo Cedeño Laurent
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | | | - Sepideh Pakpour
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada;
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15
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Meckel KR, Simpson SS, Godino A, Peck EG, Sens JP, Leonard MZ, George O, Calipari ES, Hofford RS, Kiraly DD. Microbial short-chain fatty acids regulate drug seeking and transcriptional control in a model of cocaine seeking. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:386-395. [PMID: 37528220 PMCID: PMC10724273 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01661-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder represents a public health crisis with no FDA-approved medications for its treatment. A growing body of research has detailed the important connections between the brain and the resident population of bacteria in the gut, the gut microbiome, in psychiatric disease models. Acute depletion of gut bacteria results in enhanced reward in a mouse cocaine place preference model, and repletion of bacterially-derived short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites reverses this effect. However, the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in modulating cocaine-seeking behavior after prolonged abstinence is unknown. Given that relapse prevention is the most clinically challenging issue in treating substance use disorders, studies examining the effects of microbiome manipulations in relapse-relevant models are critical. Here, male Sprague-Dawley rats received either untreated water or antibiotics to deplete the gut microbiome and its metabolites. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine and subjected to either within-session threshold testing to evaluate motivation for cocaine or 21 days of abstinence followed by a cue-induced cocaine-seeking task to model relapse behavior. Microbiome depletion did not affect cocaine acquisition on an fixed-ratio 1 schedule. However, microbiome-depleted rats exhibited significantly enhanced motivation for low dose cocaine on a within-session threshold task. Similarly, microbiome depletion increased cue-induced cocaine-seeking following prolonged abstinence and altered transcriptional regulation in the nucleus accumbens. In the absence of a normal microbiome, repletion of bacterially-derived SCFA metabolites reversed the behavioral and transcriptional changes associated with microbiome depletion. These findings suggest that gut bacteria, via their metabolites, are key regulators of drug-seeking behaviors, positioning the microbiome as a potential translational research target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Meckel
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, USA
| | - Sierra S Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arthur Godino
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Emily G Peck
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Jonathon P Sens
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Michael Z Leonard
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, 865F Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca S Hofford
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
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16
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Beurel E. Stress in the microbiome-immune crosstalk. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2327409. [PMID: 38488630 PMCID: PMC10950285 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2327409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota exerts a mutualistic interaction with the host in a fragile ecosystem and the host intestinal, neural, and immune cells. Perturbations of the gastrointestinal track composition after stress have profound consequences on the central nervous system and the immune system. Reciprocally, brain signals after stress affect the gut microbiota highlighting the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut. Here, we focus on the potential role of inflammation in mediating stress-induced gut-brain changes and discuss the impact of several immune cells and inflammatory molecules of the gut-brain dialogue after stress. Understanding the impact of microbial changes on the immune system after stress might provide new avenues for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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17
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Gupta S, Dinesh S, Sharma S. Bridging the Mind and Gut: Uncovering the Intricacies of Neurotransmitters, Neuropeptides, and their Influence on Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:2-21. [PMID: 38265387 DOI: 10.2174/0118715249271548231115071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a bidirectional signaling channel that facilitates communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. Recent research on the gut-brain axis demonstrates that this connection enables the brain to influence gut function, which in turn influences the brain and its cognitive functioning. It is well established that malfunctioning of this axis adversely affects both systems' ability to operate effectively. OBJECTIVE Dysfunctions in the GBA have been associated with disorders of gut motility and permeability, intestinal inflammation, indigestion, constipation, diarrhea, IBS, and IBD, as well as neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders like depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Multiple research initiatives have shown that the gut microbiota, in particular, plays a crucial role in the GBA by participating in the regulation of a number of key neurochemicals that are known to have significant effects on the mental and physical well-being of an individual. METHODS Several studies have investigated the relationship between neuropsychiatric disorders and imbalances or disturbances in the metabolism of neurochemicals, often leading to concomitant gastrointestinal issues and modifications in gut flora composition. The interaction between neurological diseases and gut microbiota has been a focal point within this research. The novel therapeutic interventions in neuropsychiatric conditions involving interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary modifications are outlined in this review. RESULTS The findings of multiple studies carried out on mice show that modulating and monitoring gut microbiota can help treat symptoms of such diseases, which raises the possibility of the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and even dietary changes as part of a new treatment strategy for neuropsychiatric disorders and their symptoms. CONCLUSION The bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain through the gut-brain axis has revealed profound implications for both gastrointestinal and neurological health. Malfunctions in this axis have been connected to a range of disorders affecting gut function as well as cognitive and neuropsychiatric well-being. The emerging understanding of the role of gut microbiota in regulating key neurochemicals opens up possibilities for novel treatment approaches for conditions like depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Gupta
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, India
| | - Susha Dinesh
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sameer Sharma
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, India
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18
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Bai X, De Palma G, Boschetti E, Nishiharo Y, Lu J, Shimbori C, Costanzini A, Saqib Z, Kraimi N, Sidani S, Hapfelmeier S, Macpherson AJ, Verdu EF, De Giorgio R, Collins SM, Bercik P. Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide Plays a Key Role in the Microbial-Neuroimmune Control of Intestinal Motility. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:383-398. [PMID: 38061549 PMCID: PMC10825443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although chronic diarrhea and constipation are common, the treatment is symptomatic because their pathophysiology is poorly understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that the microbiota modulates gut function, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We therefore investigated the pathways by which microbiota modulates gastrointestinal motility in different sections of the alimentary tract. METHODS Gastric emptying, intestinal transit, muscle contractility, acetylcholine release, gene expression, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunoreactivity were assessed in wild-type and Myd88-/-Trif-/- mice in germ-free, gnotobiotic, and specific pathogen-free conditions. Effects of transient colonization and antimicrobials as well as immune cell blockade were investigated. VIP levels were assessed in human full-thickness biopsies by Western blot. RESULTS Germ-free mice had similar gastric emptying but slower intestinal transit compared with specific pathogen-free mice or mice monocolonized with Lactobacillus rhamnosus or Escherichia coli, the latter having stronger effects. Although muscle contractility was unaffected, its neural control was modulated by microbiota by up-regulating jejunal VIP, which co-localized with and controlled cholinergic nerve function. This process was responsive to changes in the microbial composition and load and mediated through toll-like receptor signaling, with enteric glia cells playing a key role. Jejunal VIP was lower in patients with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction compared with control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Microbial control of gastrointestinal motility is both region- and bacteria-specific; it reacts to environmental changes and is mediated by innate immunity-neural system interactions. By regulating cholinergic nerves, small intestinal VIP plays a key role in this process, thus providing a new therapeutic target for patients with motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Bai
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Giada De Palma
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elisa Boschetti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yuichiro Nishiharo
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Lu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chiko Shimbori
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Costanzini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Zarwa Saqib
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Narjis Kraimi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sacha Sidani
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stephen M Collins
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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19
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Lai TT, Liou CW, Tsai YH, Lin YY, Wu WL. Butterflies in the gut: the interplay between intestinal microbiota and stress. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:92. [PMID: 38012609 PMCID: PMC10683179 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is a global issue that affects at least one-third of the population worldwide and increases the risk of numerous psychiatric disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut and its inhabiting microbes may regulate stress and stress-associated behavioral abnormalities. Hence, the objective of this review is to explore the causal relationships between the gut microbiota, stress, and behavior. Dysbiosis of the microbiome after stress exposure indicated microbial adaption to stressors. Strikingly, the hyperactivated stress signaling found in microbiota-deficient rodents can be normalized by microbiota-based treatments, suggesting that gut microbiota can actively modify the stress response. Microbiota can regulate stress response via intestinal glucocorticoids or autonomic nervous system. Several studies suggest that gut bacteria are involved in the direct modulation of steroid synthesis and metabolism. This review provides recent discoveries on the pathways by which gut microbes affect stress signaling and brain circuits and ultimately impact the host's complex behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Lai
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yuan Lin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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20
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Massey WJ, Kay KE, Jaramillo TC, Horak AJ, Cao S, Osborn LJ, Banerjee R, Mrdjen M, Hamoudi MK, Silver DJ, Burrows AC, Brown AL, Reizes O, Lathia JD, Wang Z, Hazen SL, Brown JM. Metaorganismal choline metabolism shapes olfactory perception. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105299. [PMID: 37777156 PMCID: PMC10630631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes living in the intestine can regulate key signaling processes in the central nervous system that directly impact brain health. This gut-brain signaling axis is partially mediated by microbe-host-dependent immune regulation, gut-innervating neuronal communication, and endocrine-like small molecule metabolites that originate from bacteria to ultimately cross the blood-brain barrier. Given the mounting evidence of gut-brain crosstalk, a new therapeutic approach of "psychobiotics" has emerged, whereby strategies designed to primarily modify the gut microbiome have been shown to improve mental health or slow neurodegenerative diseases. Diet is one of the most powerful determinants of gut microbiome community structure, and dietary habits are associated with brain health and disease. Recently, the metaorganismal (i.e., diet-microbe-host) trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) pathway has been linked to the development of several brain diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ischemic stroke. However, it is poorly understood how metaorganismal TMAO production influences brain function under normal physiological conditions. To address this, here we have reduced TMAO levels by inhibiting gut microbe-driven choline conversion to trimethylamine (TMA), and then performed comprehensive behavioral phenotyping in mice. Unexpectedly, we find that TMAO is particularly enriched in the murine olfactory bulb, and when TMAO production is blunted at the level of bacterial choline TMA lyase (CutC/D), olfactory perception is altered. Taken together, our studies demonstrate a previously underappreciated role for the TMAO pathway in olfactory-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Massey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristen E Kay
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas C Jaramillo
- Rodent Behavior Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anthony J Horak
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shijie Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lucas J Osborn
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rakhee Banerjee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Marko Mrdjen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael K Hamoudi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy C Burrows
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amanda L Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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21
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Wei M, Gao Q, Liu J, Yang Y, Yang J, Fan J, Lv S, Yang S. Development programming: Stress during gestation alters offspring development in sheep. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:1497-1511. [PMID: 37697713 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate management practices of domestic animals during pregnancy can be potential stressors, resulting in complex behavioural, physiological and neurological consequences in the developing offspring. Some of these consequences can last into adulthood or propagate to subsequent generations. We systematically summarized the results of different experimental patterns using artificially increased maternal glucocorticoid levels or prenatal maternal physiological stress paradigms, mediators between prenatal maternal stress (PMS) and programming effects in the offspring and the effects of PMS on offspring phenotypes in sheep. PMS can impair birthweight, regulate the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, modify behavioural patterns and cognitive abilities and alter gene expression and brain morphology in offspring. Further research should focus on the effects of programming on gene expression, immune function, gut microbiome, sex-specific effects and maternal behaviour of offspring, especially comparative studies of gestational periods when PMS is applied, continual studies of programming effects on offspring and treatment strategies that effectively reverse the detrimental programming effects of prenatal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingji Wei
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Qian Gao
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi, China
| | - Jinyan Yang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Jingchang Fan
- Jiaxiang County Sheep Breeding Farm, Jiaxiang, China
| | - Shenjin Lv
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Shengmei Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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22
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Dubey H, Roychoudhury R, Alex A, Best C, Liu S, White A, Carlson A, Azcarate-Peril MA, Mansfield LS, Knickmeyer R. Effect of Human Infant Gut Microbiota on Mouse Behavior, Dendritic Complexity, and Myelination. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.24.563309. [PMID: 37961091 PMCID: PMC10634763 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.24.563309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian gut microbiome influences numerous developmental processes. In human infants it has been linked with cognition, social skills, hormonal responses to stress, and brain connectivity. Yet, these associations are not necessarily causal. The present study tested whether two microbial stool communities, common in human infants, affected behavior, myelination, dendritic morphology, and spine density when used to colonize mouse models. Humanized animals were more like specific-pathogen free mice than germ-free mice for most phenotypes, although in males, both humanized groups were less social. Both humanized groups had thinner myelin sheaths in the hippocampus, than did germ-free animals. Humanized animals were similar to each other except for dendritic morphology and spine density where one group had greater dendritic length in the prefrontal cortex, greater dendritic volume in the nucleus accumbens, and greater spine density in both regions, compared to the other. Results add to a body of literature suggesting the gut microbiome impacts brain development. Teaser Fecal transplants from human infants with highly abundant Bifidobacterium , an important inhabitant of the intestinal tract of breastfed newborns, may promote brain connectivity in mice.
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23
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Yadav H, Jaldhi, Bhardwaj R, Anamika, Bakshi A, Gupta S, Maurya SK. Unveiling the role of gut-brain axis in regulating neurodegenerative diseases: A comprehensive review. Life Sci 2023; 330:122022. [PMID: 37579835 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence have shown the importance of gut microbiota in regulating brain functions. The diverse molecular mechanisms involved in cross-talk between gut and brain provide insight into importance of this communication in maintenance of brain homeostasis. It has also been observed that disturbed gut microbiota contributes to neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and aging. Recently, gut microbiome-derived exosomes have also been reported to play an essential role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases and could thereby act as a therapeutic target. Further, pharmacological interventions including antibiotics, prebiotics and probiotics can influence gut microbiome-mediated management of neurological diseases. However, extensive research is warranted to better comprehend this interconnection in maintenance of brain homeostasis and its implication in neurological diseases. Thus, the present review is aimed to provide a detailed understanding of gut-brain axis followed by possibilities to target the gut microbiome for improving neurological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Yadav
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jaldhi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rati Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technical University, Delhi, India
| | - Anamika
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amrita Bakshi
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Suchi Gupta
- Tech Cell Innovations Private Limited, Centre for Medical Innovation and Entrepreneurship (CMIE), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashank Kumar Maurya
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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24
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Yeramilli V, Cheddadi R, Benjamin H, Martin C. The Impact of Stress, Microbial Dysbiosis, and Inflammation on Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2206. [PMID: 37764050 PMCID: PMC10534571 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of intestinal morbidity and mortality in neonates. A large body of work exists; however, the pathogenesis of NEC remains poorly understood. Numerous predictors have been implicated in the development of NEC, with relatively less emphasis on maternal factors. Utilizing human tissue plays a crucial role in enhancing our comprehension of the underlying mechanisms accountable for this devastating disease. In this review, we will discuss how maternal stress affects the pathogenesis of NEC and how changes in the intestinal microbiome can influence the development of NEC. We will also discuss the results of transcriptomics-based studies and analyze the gene expression changes in NEC tissues and other molecular targets associated with the pathogenesis of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Colin Martin
- Division of Pediatric, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave. S., Lowder Building Suite 300, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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25
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Torraville SE, Flynn CM, Kendall TL, Yuan Q. Life Experience Matters: Enrichment and Stress Can Influence the Likelihood of Developing Alzheimer's Disease via Gut Microbiome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1884. [PMID: 37509523 PMCID: PMC10377385 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the presence of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed from abnormally phosphorylated tau proteins (ptau). To date, there is no cure for AD. Earlier therapeutic efforts have focused on the clinical stages of AD. Despite paramount efforts and costs, pharmaceutical interventions including antibody therapies targeting Aβ have largely failed. This highlights the need to alternate treatment strategies and a shift of focus to early pre-clinical stages. Approximately 25-40% of AD cases can be attributed to environmental factors including chronic stress. Gut dysbiosis has been associated with stress and the pathogenesis of AD and can increase both Aβ and NFTs in animal models of the disease. Both stress and enrichment have been shown to alter AD progression and gut health. Targeting stress-induced gut dysbiosis through probiotic supplementation could provide a promising intervention to delay disease progression. In this review, we discuss the effects of stress, enrichment, and gut dysbiosis in AD models and the promising evidence from probiotic intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Torraville
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Cassandra M Flynn
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Tori L Kendall
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Qi Yuan
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
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26
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Liao X, Chen M, Li Y. The glial perspective of autism spectrum disorder convergent evidence from postmortem brain and PET studies. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 70:101064. [PMID: 36889545 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to systematically and quantitatively review evidence derived from both postmortem brain and PET studies to explore the pathological role of glia induced neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of ASD, and discuss the implications of these findings in relation to disease pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. METHOD An online databases search was performed to collate postmortem studies and PET studies regarding glia induced neuroinflammation in ASD as compared to controls. Two authors independently conducted the literature search, study selection and data extraction. The discrepancies generated in these processes was resolved through robust discussions among all authors. RESULT The literature search yielded the identification of 619 records, from which 22 postmortem studies and 3 PET studies were identified as eligible for the qualitative synthesis. Meta-analysis of postmortem studies reported increased microglial number and microglia density as well as increased GFAP protein expression and GFAP mRNA expression in ASD subjects as compared to controls. Three PET studies produced different outcomes and emphasized different details, with one reported increased and two reported decreased TSPO expression in ASD subjects as compared to controls. CONCLUSION Both postmortem evidences and PET studies converged to support the involvement of glia induced neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of ASD. The limited number of included studies along with the considerable heterogeneity of these studies prevented the development of firm conclusions and challenged the explanation of variability. Future research should prioritize the replication of current studies and the validation of current observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liao
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miao Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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27
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Cheddadi R, Khandekar NN, Yeramilli V, Martin C. The impact of maternal stress on the development of necrotizing enterocolitis: A comprehensive review. Semin Pediatr Surg 2023:151324. [PMID: 37316382 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2023.151324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal inflammatory disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Numerous predictors have been implicated in the development of NEC, with a relatively less emphasis on maternal factors. Pregnancy drives women into a new stage of life that increases their susceptibility to biological and psychological stress. Additionally, maternal stress during pregnancy has been linked to various complications that can negatively impact both the mother and the developing fetus. These detrimental effects are facilitated by various systemic modifications. Similarly, there is evidence from animal studies that suggest a relationship between maternal stress and the occurrence of NEC due to the alterations observed in neonates. In this review, we will (1) discuss the physiological and psychological burden of maternal stress and how it can be linked to NEC, (2) summarize various predictors and risk factors of NEC, and (3) discuss the most widely utilized animal models for assessing the effects of prenatal stress on offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Cheddadi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave. S., Lowder Building Suite 300, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States
| | | | - Venkata Yeramilli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave. S., Lowder Building Suite 300, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States
| | - Colin Martin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave. S., Lowder Building Suite 300, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States.
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28
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Muir RQ, Klocke BJ, Jennings MS, Molina PA, Hsu JS, Kellum CE, Alexander KL, Lee G, Foote JB, Lorenz RG, Pollock JS, Maynard CL. Early Life Stress in Mice Leads to Impaired Colonic Corticosterone Production and Prolonged Inflammation Following Induction of Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:960-972. [PMID: 36661889 PMCID: PMC10233396 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life stress (ELS) is an environmental trigger believed to promote increased risk of IBD. Our goal was to identify mechanisms whereby ELS in mice affects susceptibility to and/or severity of gut inflammation. METHODS We utilized 2 published animal models of ELS. In the first model, newborn mice were separated from the dam daily for 4 to 8 hours starting on postnatal day 2 and then weaned early on postnatal day 17. Control mice were left undisturbed with the dams until weaning on postnatal day 21. In the second model, dams were fed dexamethasone or vehicle ad libitum in drinking water on postpartum days 1 to 14. Plasma and colonic corticosterone were measured in juvenile and adult mice. Colitis was induced in 4-week-old mice via intraperitoneal injection of interleukin (IL)-10 receptor blocking antibody every 5 days for 15 days. Five or 15 days later, colitis scores and transcripts for Tnf, glucocorticoid receptors, and steroidogenic enzymes were measured. RESULTS Mice exposed to ELS displayed reduced plasma and colonic corticosterone. Control animals showed improvements in indices of inflammation following cessation of interleukin-10 receptor blockade, whereas ELS-exposed animals maintained high levels of Tnf and histological signs of colitis. In colitic animals, prior exposure to ELS was associated with significantly lower expression of genes associated with corticosterone synthesis and responsiveness. Finally, TNF stimulation of colonic crypt cells from ELS mice led to increased inhibition of corticosterone synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies impaired local glucocorticoid production and responsiveness as a potential mechanism whereby ELS predisposes to chronic colitis in susceptible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Q Muir
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, ALUSA
| | - Barbara J Klocke
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, ALUSA
| | - Melissa S Jennings
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, ALUSA
| | - Patrick A Molina
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, ALUSA
| | - Jung-Shan Hsu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, ALUSA
| | - Cailin E Kellum
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, ALUSA
| | - Katie L Alexander
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, ALUSA
| | - Goo Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, ALUSA
| | - Jeremy B Foote
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robin G Lorenz
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, San Francisco, CAUSA
| | - Jennifer S Pollock
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, ALUSA
| | - Craig L Maynard
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, ALUSA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, ALUSA
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29
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Medina-Rodriguez EM, Cruz AA, De Abreu JC, Beurel E. Stress, inflammation, microbiome and depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023:173561. [PMID: 37148918 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are mental illnesses involving changes in mood, cognition and behavior. Their prevalence has rapidly increased in the last decades. One of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders is major depressive disorder (MDD), a debilitating disease lacking efficient treatments. Increasing evidence shows that microbial and immunological changes contribute to the pathophysiology of depression and both are modulated by stress. This bidirectional relationship constitutes the brain-gut axis involving various neuroendocrine, immunological, neuroenterocrine and autonomic pathways. The present review covers the most recent findings on the relationships between stress, the gut microbiome and the inflammatory response and their contribution to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Medina-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States of America; Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125, United States of America.
| | - Alyssa A Cruz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States of America
| | | | - Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
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30
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Yeramilli V, Cheddadi R, Shah J, Brawner K, Martin C. A Review of the Impact of Maternal Prenatal Stress on Offspring Microbiota and Metabolites. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040535. [PMID: 37110193 PMCID: PMC10142778 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal prenatal stress exposure affects the development of offspring. We searched for articles in the PubMed database and reviewed the evidence for how prenatal stress alters the composition of the microbiome, the production of microbial-derived metabolites, and regulates microbiome-induced behavioral changes in the offspring. The gut-brain signaling axis has gained considerable attention in recent years and provides insights into the microbial dysfunction in several metabolic disorders. Here, we reviewed evidence from human studies and animal models to discuss how maternal stress can modulate the offspring microbiome. We will discuss how probiotic supplementation has a profound effect on the stress response, the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and how psychobiotics are emerging as novel therapeutic targets. Finally, we highlight the potential molecular mechanisms by which the effects of stress are transmitted to the offspring and discuss how the mitigation of early-life stress as a risk factor can improve the birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Yeramilli
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Riadh Cheddadi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Juhi Shah
- Burnett School of Medicine, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | - Kyle Brawner
- Department of Biology, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
| | - Colin Martin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Nieto-Ruiz A, Cerdó T, Jordano B, Torres-Espínola FJ, Escudero-Marín M, García-Ricobaraza M, Bermúdez MG, García-Santos JA, Suárez A, Campoy C. Maternal weight, gut microbiota, and the association with early childhood behavior: the PREOBE follow-up study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:41. [PMID: 36945049 PMCID: PMC10031971 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Maternal overweight and breastfeeding seem to have a significant impact on the gut microbiota colonization process, which co-occurs simultaneously with brain development and the establishment of the "microbiota-gut-brain axis", which potentially may affect behavior later in life. This study aimed to examine the influence of maternal overweight, obesity and/or gestational diabetes on the offspring behavior at 3.5 years of age and its association with the gut microbiota already established at 18 months of life. METHODS 156 children born to overweight (OV, n = 45), obese (OB, n = 40) and normoweight (NW, n = 71) pregnant women participating in the PREOBE study were included in the current analysis. Stool samples were collected at 18 months of life and gut microbiome was obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Behavioral problems were evaluated at 3.5 years by using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). ANOVA, Chi-Square Test, ANCOVA, Spearman's correlation, logistic regression model and generalized linear model (GLM) were performed. RESULTS At 3.5 years of age, Children born to OV/OB mothers showed higher scores in behavioral problems than those born to NW mothers. Additionally, offspring born to OB mothers who developed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) presented higher scores in attention/deficit hyperactivity and externalizing problems than those born to GDM OV/NW mothers. Fusicatenibacter abundance found at 18 months of age was associated to lower scores in total, internalizing and pervasive developmental problems, while an unidentified genus within Clostridiales and Flavonifractor families abundance showed a positive correlation with anxiety/depression and somatic complaints, respectively. On the other hand, children born to mothers with higher BMI who were breastfed presented elevated anxiety, internalizing problems, externalizing problems and total problems scores; likewise, their gut microbiota composition at 18 months of age showed positive correlation with behavioral problems at 3.5 years: Actinobacteria abundance and somatic complaints and between Fusobacteria abundance and withdrawn behavior and pervasive developmental problems. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggests that OV/OB and/or GDM during pregnancy is associated with higher behavioral problems scores in children at 3.5 years old. Additionally, associations between early life gut microbiota composition and later mental health in children was also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nieto-Ruiz
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Tomás Cerdó
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Belén Jordano
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Clinical University Hospital San Cecilio. Paediatric Service, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Torres-Espínola
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Mireia Escudero-Marín
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Neurosciences Institute Dr. Federico Oloriz - University of Granada. Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento, S/N., 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - María García-Ricobaraza
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes G Bermúdez
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - José A García-Santos
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Suárez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento, S/N., 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Centre, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Neurosciences Institute Dr. Federico Oloriz - University of Granada. Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento, S/N., 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada's Node, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Collins JM, Hyland NP, Clarke G, Fitzgerald P, Julio-Pieper M, Bulmer DC, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, O'Mahony SM. Beta 3-adrenoceptor agonism ameliorates early-life stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity in male rats. J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 36906887 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity, a hallmark of disorders of the gut-brain axis, is associated with exposure to early-life stress (ELS). Activation of neuronal β3-adrenoceptors (AR) has been shown to alter central and peripheral levels of tryptophan and reduce visceral hypersensitivity. In this study, we aimed to determine the potential of a β3-AR agonist in reducing ELS-induced visceral hypersensitivity and possible underlying mechanisms. Here, ELS was induced using the maternal separation (MS) model, where Sprague Dawley rat pups were separated from their mother in early life (postnatal day 2-12). Visceral hypersensitivity was confirmed in adult offspring using colorectal distension (CRD). CL-316243, a β3-AR agonist, was administered to determine anti-nociceptive effects against CRD. Distension-induced enteric neuronal activation as well as colonic secretomotor function were assessed. Tryptophan metabolism was determined both centrally and peripherally. For the first time, we showed that CL-316243 significantly ameliorated MS-induced visceral hypersensitivity. Furthermore, MS altered plasma tryptophan metabolism and colonic adrenergic tone, while CL-316243 reduced both central and peripheral levels of tryptophan and affected secretomotor activity in the presence of tetrodotoxin. This study supports the beneficial role of CL-316243 in reducing ELS-induced visceral hypersensitivity, and suggests that targeting the β3-AR can significantly influence gut-brain axis activity through modulation of enteric neuronal activation, tryptophan metabolism, and colonic secretomotor activity which may synergistically contribute to offsetting the effects of ELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Collins
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Siobhain M O'Mahony
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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The microbiota-gut-brain axis in pathogenesis of depression: A narrative review. Physiol Behav 2023; 260:114056. [PMID: 36528127 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional regulatory pathway between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract, which plays an important role in maintain homeostasis. Gut microbiota could influence the behavior, cognition, stress response and others via the axis. Depression is a complex psychiatric disease, giving rise to heavy social health and economic burden. In recent years, studies have shown that the gut microbiota are closely linked to the pathophysiological processes of depression. In this article, the interaction and its underlying mechanisms between depression and gut microbiota were summarized.
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Understanding the Connection between Gut Homeostasis and Psychological Stress. J Nutr 2023; 153:924-939. [PMID: 36806451 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to adverse life events that provoke acute or chronic psychological stress (hereinafter "stress") can negatively affect physical health and even increase susceptibility to psychological illnesses, such as anxiety and depression. As a part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) released from the hypothalamus is primarily responsible for the stress response. Typically, CRF disrupts the gastrointestinal system and leads to gut microbiota dysbiosis, thereby increasing risk of functional gastrointestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome. Furthermore, CRF increases oxidative damage to the colon and triggers immune responses involving mast cells, neutrophils, and monocytes. CRF even affects the differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), causing enterochromaffin cells to secrete excessive amounts of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Therefore, stress is often accompanied by damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier function, followed by increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. There are multi-network interactions between the gut microbiota and stress, and gut microbiota may relieve the effects of stress on the body. Dietary intake of probiotics can provide energy for ISCs through glycolysis, thereby alleviating the disruption to homeostasis caused by stress, and it significantly bolsters the intestinal barrier, alleviates intestinal inflammation, and maintains endocrine homeostasis. Gut microbiota also directly affect the synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters, such as CRF, 5-HT, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Moreover, the Mediterranean diet enhances the stress resistance to some extent by regulating the intestinal flora. This article reviews recent research on how stress damages the gut and microbiota, how the gut microbiota can improve gut health by modulating injury due to stress, and how the diet relieves stress injury by interfering with intestinal microflora. This review gives insight into the potential role of the gut and its microbiota in relieving the effects of stress via the gut-brain axis.
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Abstract
There is increasingly compelling evidence that microorganisms may play an etiological role in the emergence of mental illness in a subset of the population. Historically, most work has focused on the neurotrophic herpesviruses, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as well as the protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii. In this chapter, we provide an umbrella review of this literature and additionally highlight prospective studies that allow more mechanistic conclusions to be drawn. Next, we focus on clinical trials of anti-microbial medications for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. We critically evaluate six trials that tested the impact of anti-herpes medications on inflammatory outcomes in the context of a medical disorder, nine clinical trials utilizing anti-herpetic medications for the treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) or schizophrenia, and four clinical trials utilizing anti-parasitic medications for the treatment of schizophrenia. We then turn our attention to evidence for a gut dysbiosis and altered microbiome in psychiatric disorders, and the potential therapeutic effects of probiotics, including an analysis of more than 10 randomized controlled trials of probiotics in the context of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD).
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36
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Vasilyeva EF. [The regulatory role of gut microbiota in inflammation in depression and anxiety]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:33-39. [PMID: 37994886 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312311133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have identified the important role of the gut microbiota in maintaining of the CNS normal functioning and in the pathogenesis of mental disorders as one of the systems regulating the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. The microbiota has been found to be involved in the modulation of inflammation as well as in the development and function of the immune and nervous systems. It is assumed that in multicellular organisms, the nervous and immune systems have evolved together with the microbiota, being in interaction with it, in order to optimize the body's ability to adapt to a wide range of environmental stresses in order to maintain the constancy of its homeostasis. Normally, microbes live in stable communities, while under conditions of even mild or chronic social stress, significant shifts in the composition of the microbiota occur, which lead to the development of dysbiosis associated with changes in microbiota metabolites, which can lead to the formation of physiology and behavior characteristic of stress and depression. Microbes influence the activation of peripheral immune cells that regulate the response to neuroinflammation, brain damage, autoimmune responses, and neurogenesis. The review provides a brief overview of the normal gut microbiota, describes the factors influencing the state of the microbiota, and also discusses recent discoveries concerning the regulatory effect of the gut microbiota on CNS functions, the immune system, and inflammation in the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety.
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Zhang Z, Liu Z, Lv A, Fan C. How Toll-like receptors influence Parkinson's disease in the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1154626. [PMID: 37207228 PMCID: PMC10189046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a large number of experimenters have found that the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease may be related to the gut microbiome and proposed the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Studies have shown that Toll-like receptors, especially Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), are key mediators of gut homeostasis. In addition to their established role in innate immunity throughout the body, research is increasingly showing that the Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways shape the development and function of the gut and enteric nervous system. Notably, Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 are dysregulated in Parkinson's disease patients and may therefore be identified as the core of early gut dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. To better understand the contribution of Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 dysfunction in the gut to early α-synuclein aggregation, we discussed the structural function of Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 and signal transduction of Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 in Parkinson's disease by reviewing clinical, animal models, and in vitro studies. We also present a conceptual model of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, in which microbial dysbiosis alters the gut barrier as well as the Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways, ultimately leading to a positive feedback loop for chronic gut dysfunction, promoting α-synuclein aggregation in the gut and vagus nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China
- Baotou Clinical Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Baotou, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihui Liu,
| | - Ao Lv
- The First Clinical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chenhui Fan
- Safety Engineering, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
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Pate T, Anthony DC, Radford-Smith DE. cFOS expression in the prefrontal cortex correlates with altered cerebral metabolism in developing germ-free mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1155620. [PMID: 37152431 PMCID: PMC10157641 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1155620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The microbiota plays a critical role in modulating various aspects of host physiology, particularly through the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis. However, the mechanisms that transduce and affect gut-to-brain communication are still not well understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that dysbiosis of the microbiome is associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms, which are common complications of metabolic syndrome. Germ-free (GF) animal models offer a valuable tool for studying the causal effects of microbiota on the host. Methods We employed gene expression and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic techniques to investigate the relationships between brain plasticity and immune gene expression, peripheral immunity, and cerebral and liver metabolism in GF and specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Results Our principal findings revealed that brain acetate (p = 0.012) was significantly reduced in GF relative to SPF mice, whereas glutamate (p = 0.0013), glutamine (p = 0.0006), and N-acetyl aspartate (p = 0.0046) metabolites were increased. Notably, cFOS mRNA expression, which was significantly decreased in the prefrontal cortex of GF mice relative to SPF mice (p = 0.044), correlated with the abundance of a number of key brain metabolites altered by the GF phenotype, including glutamate and glutamine. Discussion These results highlight the connection between the GF phenotype, altered brain metabolism, and immediate-early gene expression. The study provides insight into potential mechanisms by which microbiota can regulate neurotransmission through modulation of the host's brain and liver metabolome, which may have implications for stress-related psychiatric disorders such as anxiety.
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Bhatt S, Kanoujia J, Mohana Lakshmi S, Patil CR, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Role of Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Depression: Emerging Therapeutic Avenues. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2023; 22:276-288. [PMID: 35352640 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220329140804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of central nervous system-related diseases. Recent studies suggest correlations between the altered gut microbiota and major depressive disorder (MDD). It is proposed that normalization of the gut microbiota alleviates MDD. The imbalance of brain-gut-microbiota axis also results in dysregulation of the hypothalamicpituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis. This imbalance has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of depression. Treatment strategies with certain antibiotics lead to the depletion of useful microbes and thereby induce depression like effects in subjects. Microbiota is also involved in the synthesis of various neurotransmitters (NTs) like 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT; serotonin), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA). In addition to NTs, the gut microbiota also has an influence on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Recent research findings have exhibited that transfer of stress prone microbiota in mice is also responsible for depression and anxiety-like behaviour in animals. The use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and proper diet have shown beneficial effects in the regulation of depression pathogenesis. Moreover, transplantation of fecal microbiota from depressed individuals to normal subjects also induces depression-like symptoms. With the precedence of limited therapeutic benefits from monoamine targeting drugs, the regulation of brain-gut microbiota is emerging as a new treatment modality for MDDs. In this review, we elaborate on the significance of brain-gut-microbiota axis in the progression of MDD, particularly focusing on the modulation of the gut microbiota as a mode of treating MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shvetank Bhatt
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior -474005, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jovita Kanoujia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior -474005, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S Mohana Lakshmi
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior -474005, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - C R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Ji N, Lei M, Chen Y, Tian S, Li C, Zhang B. How Oxidative Stress Induces Depression? ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231181037. [PMID: 37331994 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231181037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression increasingly affects a wide range and a large number of people worldwide, both physically and psychologically, which makes it a social problem requiring prompt attention and management. Accumulating clinical and animal studies have provided us with substantial insights of disease pathogenesis, especially central monoamine deficiency, which considerably promotes antidepressant research and clinical treatment. The first-line antidepressants mainly target the monoamine system, whose drawbacks mainly include slow action and treatment resistant. The novel antidepressant esketamine, targeting on central glutamatergic system, rapidly and robustly alleviates depression (including treatment-resistant depression), whose efficiency is shadowed by potential addictive and psychotomimetic side effects. Thus, exploring novel depression pathogenesis is necessary, for seeking more safe and effective therapeutic methods. Emerging evidence has revealed vital involvement of oxidative stress (OS) in depression, which inspires us to pursue antioxidant pathway for depression prevention and treatment. Fully uncovering the underlying mechanisms of OS-induced depression is the first step towards the avenue, thus we summarize and expound possible downstream pathways of OS, including mitochondrial impairment and related ATP deficiency, neuroinflammation, central glutamate excitotoxicity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine receptor kinase B dysfunction and serotonin deficiency, the microbiota-gut-brain axis disturbance and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis dysregulation. We also elaborate on the intricate interactions between the multiple aspects, and molecular mechanisms mediating the interplay. Through reviewing the related research progress in the field, we hope to depict an integral overview of how OS induces depression, in order to provide fresh ideas and novel targets for the final goal of efficient treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ji
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Mengzhu Lei
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Yating Chen
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Shaowen Tian
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Chuanyu Li
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
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The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010054. [PMID: 36611848 PMCID: PMC9818777 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that the complex gut microbial ecosystem in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract regulates the physiology of the central nervous system (CNS) via microbiota and the gut-brain (MGB) axis. The GI microbial ecosystem communicates with the brain through the neuroendocrine, immune, and autonomic nervous systems. Recent studies have bolstered the involvement of dysfunctional MGB axis signaling in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs). Several investigations on the dynamic microbial system and genetic-environmental interactions with the gut microbiota (GM) have shown that changes in the composition, diversity and/or functions of gut microbes (termed "gut dysbiosis" (GD)) affect neuropsychiatric health by inducing alterations in the signaling pathways of the MGB axis. Interestingly, both preclinical and clinical evidence shows a positive correlation between GD and the pathogenesis and progression of NPDs. Long-term GD leads to overstimulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the neuroimmune system, along with altered neurotransmitter levels, resulting in dysfunctional signal transduction, inflammation, increased oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal death. Further studies on the MGB axis have highlighted the significance of GM in the development of brain regions specific to stress-related behaviors, including depression and anxiety, and the immune system in the early life. GD-mediated deregulation of the MGB axis imbalances host homeostasis significantly by disrupting the integrity of the intestinal and blood-brain barrier (BBB), mucus secretion, and gut immune and brain immune functions. This review collates evidence on the potential interaction between GD and NPDs from preclinical and clinical data. Additionally, we summarize the use of non-therapeutic modulators such as pro-, pre-, syn- and post-biotics, and specific diets or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which are promising targets for the management of NPDs.
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Agnihotri N, Mohajeri MH. Involvement of Intestinal Microbiota in Adult Neurogenesis and the Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415934. [PMID: 36555576 PMCID: PMC9783874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests a possible involvement of the intestinal microbiota in generating new neurons, but a detailed breakdown of the microbiota composition is lacking. In this report, we systematically reviewed preclinical rodent reports addressing the connection between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and neurogenesis and neurogenesis-affecting neurotrophins in the hippocampus. Various changes in bacterial composition from low taxonomic resolution at the phylum level to high taxonomic resolution at the species level were identified. As for neurogenesis, studies predominantly used doublecortin (DCX) as a marker of newly formed neurons or bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) as a marker of proliferation. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was the only neurotrophin found researched in relation to the intestinal microbiota. Phylum Actinobacteria, genus Bifidobacterium and genus Lactobacillus found the strongest positive. In contrast, phylum Firmicutes, phylum Bacteroidetes, and family Enterobacteriaceae, as well as germ-free status, showed the strongest negative correlation towards neurogenesis or BDNF mRNA expression. Age, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), obesity, and chronic stress were recurring topics in all studies identified. Overall, these findings add to the existing evidence of a connection between microbiota and processes in the brain. To better understand this interaction, further investigation based on analyses of higher taxonomic resolution and clinical studies would be a gain to the matter.
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Jiao W, Liu L, Zeng Z, Li L, Chen J. Differences in gut microbes in captive pangolins and the effects of captive breeding. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1053925. [PMID: 36560954 PMCID: PMC9763570 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1053925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microorganisms are crucial for health and have a significant impact on biological processes, such as metabolism, immunity, and neural regulation. Although pangolin are protected animals in China and listed as critically endangered (CR) level by The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the population of wild pangolins has decreased sharply in recent decades. Captive breeding has been adopted to protect pangolins, but the survival is low due to gastrointestinal infections, diarrhea, and parasitic infections. Studies on intestinal microbes in pangolins may reveal the relationship between intestinal microorganisms and health and assist protection. To explore the relationship between intestinal microorganisms and pangolin health, blood parameters and intestinal microorganisms of 10 pangolins (two Manis pentadactyla and eight Manis javanica) were studied at the Shenzhen Wildlife Rescue Center. There is difference among adult Sunda pangolins (M. javanica), adult Chinese pangolins (M. pentadactyla) and sub-adult Sunda pangolins (M. javanica) in intestinal microbial composition, diversity and phenotypic diversity, which suggested that adult Sunda pangolins occupied more diversity and proportion of microbial species to resist environmental pressure than the others. Due to the captive breeding serum cortisol of pangolins was increased, and the intestinal microbial structure changed, which may affect immunity. This study provides a scientific basis for the rescue of pangolins through artificial breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Jiao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Wenjing Jiao
| | - Lina Liu
- Shenzhen Management Bureau of Natural Reserve, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiliao Zeng
- Shenzhen Management Bureau of Natural Reserve, Guangdong, China
| | - Linmiao Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China,Jinping Chen
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Francella C, Green M, Caspani G, Lai JKY, Rilett KC, Foster JA. Microbe-Immune-Stress Interactions Impact Behaviour during Postnatal Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315064. [PMID: 36499393 PMCID: PMC9740388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have established the role of microbiota-brain communication in behaviour and brain function. Studies have shown that microbiota composition and diversity are influenced by a variety of factors including host genetics, diet, and other environmental exposures, with implications for the immunological and neurobiological development of the host organism. To further understand early-life interactions between environment, genetic factors, the microbiome and the central nervous system, we investigated the impact of postnatal stress in C57Bl/6 wild type and T-cell deficient mice on microbe-brain interactions and behaviour. Mice were exposed to immune challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at postnatal day (P) 3 and maternal separation at P9 (16 h overnight). Behavioural assessment of growth and development as well as behaviour (righting reflex, ultrasonic vocalizations in response to brief maternal separation, open field, sociability, and grooming) was conducted. Microbiota diversity and composition of fecal samples collected at P24 revealed reduced alpha diversity in T-cell-deficient mice as well as genotype- and stress-related taxa. Notably, integrated analyses of microbiota and behaviour in the context of immunocompromise revealed key behavioural related taxa that may be important to brain development. These findings are important to determining the influence of genetic and environmental factors on gut microbiota and advances our understanding microbiome-brain signaling pathways on neurodevelopment and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Francella
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Miranda Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Giorgia Caspani
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Jonathan K. Y. Lai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Kelly C. Rilett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Jane A. Foster
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute at St. Joe’s Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence:
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Zhu H, Li G, Liu J, Xu X, Zhang Z. Gut microbiota is associated with the effect of photoperiod on seasonal breeding in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). MICROBIOME 2022; 10:194. [PMID: 36376894 PMCID: PMC9664686 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal breeding in mammals has been widely recognized to be regulated by photoperiod, but the association of gut microbiota with photoperiodic regulation of seasonal breeding has never been investigated. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the association of gut microbiota with photoperiod-induced reproduction in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) through a long-day and short-day photoperiod manipulation experiment and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment. We found photoperiod significantly altered reproductive hormone and gene expression levels, and gut microbiota of voles. Specific gut microbes were significantly associated with the reproductive hormones and genes of voles during photoperiod acclimation. Transplantation of gut microbes into recipient voles induced similar changes in three hormones (melatonin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone) and three genes (hypothalamic Kiss-1, testicular Dio3, and Dio2/Dio3 ratio) to those in long-day and short-day photoperiod donor voles and altered circadian rhythm peaks of recipient voles. CONCLUSIONS Our study firstly revealed the association of gut microbiota with photoperiodic regulation of seasonal breeding through the HPG axis, melatonin, and Kisspeptin/GPR54 system. Our results may have significant implications for pest control, livestock animal breeding, and human health management. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Enteric Neuromics: How High-Throughput "Omics" Deepens Our Understanding of Enteric Nervous System Genetic Architecture. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 15:487-504. [PMID: 36368612 PMCID: PMC9792566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent accessibility to specialized high-throughput "omics" technologies including single cell RNA sequencing allows researchers to capture cell type- and subtype-specific expression signatures. These omics methods are used in the enteric nervous system (ENS) to identify potential subtypes of enteric neurons and glia. ENS omics data support the known gene and/or protein expression of functional neuronal and glial cell subtypes and suggest expression patterns of novel subtypes. Gene and protein expression patterns can be further used to infer cellular function and implications in human disease. In this review we discuss how high-throughput "omics" data add additional depth to the understanding of established functional subtypes of ENS cells and raise new questions by suggesting novel ENS cell subtypes with unique gene and protein expression patterns. Then we investigate the changes in these expression patterns during pathology observed by omics research. Although current ENS omics studies provide a plethora of novel data and therefore answers, they equally create new questions and routes for future study.
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Medina-Rodriguez EM, Rice KC, Jope RS, Beurel E. Comparison of inflammatory and behavioral responses to chronic stress in female and male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 106:180-197. [PMID: 36058417 PMCID: PMC9561002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating disease with a high worldwide prevalence. Despite its greater prevalence in women, male animals are used in most preclinical studies of depression even though there are many sex differences in key components of depression, such as stress responses and immune system functions. In the present study, we found that chronic restraint stress-induced depressive-like behaviors are quite similar in male and female mice, with both sexes displaying increased immobility time in the tail suspension test and reduced social interactions, and both sexes exhibited deficits in working and spatial memories. However, in contrast to the similar depressive-like behaviors developed by male and female mice in response to stress, they displayed different patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokine increases in the periphery and the brain, different changes in microglia, and different changes in the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 in response to stress. Treatment with (+)-naloxone, a Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist that previously demonstrated anti-depressant-like effects in male mice, was more efficacious in male than female mice in reducing the deleterious effects of stress, and its effects were not microbiome-mediated. Altogether, these results suggest differential mechanisms to consider in potential sex-specific treatments of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Medina-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125, United States
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Richard S Jope
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
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Bashir Y, Khan AU. The interplay between the gut-brain axis and the microbiome: A perspective on psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1030694. [PMID: 36389228 PMCID: PMC9650127 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1030694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
What is the effect of our gut microbial flora on brain? Does the gut microbiome have any role in the causation of psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases? Does the effect of gut microbiota traverse the gut-brain axis? Questions like these have captured the interest and imagination of the scientific community for quite some time now. Research in the quest for answers to these questions, to unravel the potential role of the microbiota inhabiting the gut in controlling brain functions, has progressed manifold over the last two decades. Although the possibility of microbiome as a key susceptibility factor for neurological disorders viz. Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and autism spectrum disorder has bolstered by an increase in the clinical and preclinical evidence, the field is still in its infancy. Given the fact that the diversity of the gut microbiota is affected by various factors including the diet and exercise, the interpretation of such data becomes all the more difficult. Also, such studies have been mostly conducted on animal models, so there is a need for randomized controlled trials in human subjects, corroborated by longitudinal studies, to establish if modulating the gut microbiota can unravel novel therapeutic interventions. Exploring the genomic, metagenomic and metabolomic data from clinical subjects with psychiatric and neurological diseases can prove to be a helpful guide in individual treatment selection.
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Ruiz-González R, Lajud N, Tejeda-Martínez AR, Flores-Soto ME, Valdez-Alarcón JJ, Tellez LA, Roque A. Antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion in normally-reared adult rats mimics the neuroendocrine effects of early life stress. Brain Res 2022; 1793:148055. [PMID: 35985361 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Early life stress induced by maternal separation (MS) causes neuroendocrine, behavioral, and metabolic alterations that are related to gut dysbiosis. MS also increases microglial activation and decreases neurogenesis. Whether these long-term alterations are maintained or worsened in the absence of gut microbiota remains unknown. Hence, this study evaluated the effect of MS symptomatology after antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion (AIMD) in adult rats. Control and maternally separated (3 h per day from postnatal day one to 14, MS180) rats were subjected to AIMD for one month, then assessed for behavioral, metabolic, and neuroendocrine responses. Effects of MS180 and AIMD on gut microbiota were confirmed by qPCR. The data indicate that MS180 caused a passive coping strategy in the forced swimming test and decreased hippocampal neurogenesis. In addition, fasting glucose, cholesterol, and corticosterone levels increased, which correlated with a decrease in Lactobacillus spp counts in the caecum. AIMD also increased immobility in the forced swimming test, decreased hippocampal neurogenesis, and augmented corticosterone levels. However, it had no effects on glucose homeostasis or plasma lipid levels. Furthermore, the MS180-induced long-term effects on behavior and neurogenesis were not affected by microbiota depletion. Meanwhile, the metabolic imbalance was partially reversed in MS180 + AIMD rats. These results show that AIMD mimics the behavioral consequences of MS180 but may prevent metabolic imbalance, suggesting that gut dysbiosis could be part of the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of the long-term consequences of early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ruiz-González
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Desarrollo, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán (CIBIMI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Naima Lajud
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Desarrollo, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán (CIBIMI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Aldo Rafael Tejeda-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Mario Eduardo Flores-Soto
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Juan José Valdez-Alarcón
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios Biotecnología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Luis A Tellez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Conducta Motivada, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Angélica Roque
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Desarrollo, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán (CIBIMI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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Zhang X, Wang X, Ayala J, Liu Y, An J, Wang D, Cai Z, Hou R, Zhang M. Possible Effects of Early Maternal Separation on the Gut Microbiota of Captive Adult Giant Pandas. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192587. [PMID: 36230328 PMCID: PMC9559482 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the process of ex-situ conservation, young giant pandas face a variety of unfavorable environmental impacts such as frequent maternal separation, parenting by non-parents, noise from tourists, and frequent replacement of animal houses, which may cause psychological and physiological stress. The gut microbiota is an important carrier of the interaction between the body and the environment, and recent studies revealed an association between stress and alterations of the intestinal microbiota. So, is the stress caused by the unfavorable parenting environment in the early life of captive giant pandas related to the gut microbiota? To answer this question, we use fecal metagenomics and LC-MS technology to study the effect of different parenting patterns on the structure, diversity, and metabolites of the intestinal microbial community of captive giant pandas. In order to evaluate the possible adverse effects of the traditional parenting mode on the gut microbiota of captive giant pandas in the early life, it can provide an important scientific basis for improving the welfare level of captive giant pandas. Abstract Maternal deprivation (MD) in early life induces dysbiosis in the host gut microbiota, which is a key determinant of abnormal behavior in stress model individuals. Compared with the early parenting environment of the wild, captive giant pandas face frequent and premature maternal separation. Will this lead to imbalance in intestinal flora and stress in captive giant pandas? The purpose of this research is to evaluate the possible adverse effects of the traditional parenting mode on the gut microbiota of captive giant pandas. The results showed that the frequent and premature maternal separation at early stages of the young did not change α and β diversity indices of the gut microbes, but it increased the relative abundance of s_Clostridium_tetani and s_Clostridium_sp_MSJ_8 (significantly positively correlated with the metabolism of propionic acid) and also the concentrations of fecal metabolites that are related to stress (N-acetyl-l-aspartic acid and corticosterone) in the intestinal tract of giant pandas in adulthood. Thereby, the function of protein digestion and absorption in the intestines of captive giant pandas was decreased, and the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids was disturbed. In conclusion, the parenting experience of early maternal separation could adversely affect the stress caused by the unfavorable parenting environment in the early life of captive giant pandas related to the gut microbiota of the captive giant pandas in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - James Ayala
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Junhui An
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Zhigang Cai
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu 610081, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-137-6689-3611
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