1
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Elayan IA, Brown A. Non-Degenerate Two-Photon Absorption of Fluorescent Protein Chromophores. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:7511-7523. [PMID: 39192559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Two-photon absorption (2PA), where a pair of photons are absorbed simultaneously, is recognized as a potent bioimaging technique, which depends on the quantified 2PA probability, defined as cross-section (σ2PA). The absorbed photons either have equivalent (ω1 = ω2) or different frequencies (ω1 ≠ ω2), where the former is degenerate 2PA (D-2PA) and the latter is nondegenerate 2PA (ND-2PA). ND-2PA is of particular interest since it is a promising imaging technology with flexibility of photon frequencies and enhanced cross sections, however, it remains a relatively unexplored area compared to D-2PA. This work utilizes time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and second-order approximate coupled-cluster with the resolution-of-identity approximation (RI-CC2), for the excitation from S0 to S1, to investigate σD-2PA and σND-2PA of FP chromophore models. Interestingly, comparing CAM-B3LYP with the RI-CC2 computations shows qualitative and, in fact, near quantitative agreement in the computed improvements of σND-2PA for comparable (relative) frequency detunings, despite the known underestimations of 2PA cross sections, for TD-DFT results relative to RI-CC2 values. As expected from the 2-state model, the computed values of σND-2PA are quantitatively larger than σD-2PA, where chromophores with the largest values of σD-2PA show greater potential for σND-2PA improvement. Anionic chromophores demonstrated improvements up to 14%, while substantial enhancements were observed in neutral chromophores with some achieving a 30% increase. This work investigates the ND-2PA photophysical characteristics of FP chromophores and identifies qualitative patterns in the computed properties of ND-2PA relative to D-2PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael A Elayan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Alberta, Canada
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2
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Tomar A, Engelmann SA, Woods AL, Dunn AK. Non-degenerate two-photon imaging of deep rodent cortex using indocyanine green in the water absorption window. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:5053-5066. [PMID: 39296386 PMCID: PMC11407249 DOI: 10.1364/boe.520977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel approach for deep vascular imaging in rodent cortex at excitation wavelengths susceptible to water absorption using two-photon microscopy with photons of dissimilar wavelengths. We demonstrate that non-degenerate two-photon excitation (ND-2PE) enables imaging in the water absorption window from 1400-1550 nm using two excitation sources with temporally overlapped pulses at 1300 nm and 1600 nm that straddle the absorption window. We explore the brightness spectra of indocyanine green (ICG) and assess its suitability for imaging in the water absorption window. Further, we demonstrate in vivo imaging of the rodent cortex vascular structure up to 1.2 mm using ND-2PE. Lastly, a comparative analysis of ND-2PE at 1435 nm and single-wavelength, two-photon imaging at 1300 nm and 1435 nm is presented. Our work extends the excitation range for fluorescent dyes to include water absorption regimes and underscores the feasibility of deep two-photon imaging at these wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alankrit Tomar
- Department of Eletrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 2501 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Shaun A Engelmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Aaron L Woods
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrew K Dunn
- Department of Eletrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 2501 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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3
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Han X, Lu X, Li PH, Wang S, Schalek R, Meirovitch Y, Lin Z, Adhinarta J, Murray KD, MacNiven LM, Berger DR, Wu Y, Fang T, Meral ES, Asraf S, Ploegh H, Pfister H, Wei D, Jain V, Trimmer JS, Lichtman JW. Multiplexed volumetric CLEM enabled by scFvs provides insights into the cytology of cerebellar cortex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6648. [PMID: 39103318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mapping neuronal networks is a central focus in neuroscience. While volume electron microscopy (vEM) can reveal the fine structure of neuronal networks (connectomics), it does not provide molecular information to identify cell types or functions. We developed an approach that uses fluorescent single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) to perform multiplexed detergent-free immunolabeling and volumetric-correlated-light-and-electron-microscopy on the same sample. We generated eight fluorescent scFvs targeting brain markers. Six fluorescent probes were imaged in the cerebellum of a female mouse, using confocal microscopy with spectral unmixing, followed by vEM of the same sample. The results provide excellent ultrastructure superimposed with multiple fluorescence channels. Using this approach, we documented a poorly described cell type, two types of mossy fiber terminals, and the subcellular localization of one type of ion channel. Because scFvs can be derived from existing monoclonal antibodies, hundreds of such probes can be generated to enable molecular overlays for connectomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Han
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Xiaotang Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | - Shuohong Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard Schalek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yaron Meirovitch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zudi Lin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jason Adhinarta
- Computer Science Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Karl D Murray
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Leah M MacNiven
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniel R Berger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuelong Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tao Fang
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Shadnan Asraf
- School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Hidde Ploegh
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanspeter Pfister
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Donglai Wei
- Computer Science Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | | | - James S Trimmer
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jeff W Lichtman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Kneipp J, Seifert S, Gärber F. SERS microscopy as a tool for comprehensive biochemical characterization in complex samples. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:7641-7656. [PMID: 38934892 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00460d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of biomaterials such as cells or tissues can be used to obtain biochemical information from nanoscopic volumes in these heterogeneous samples. This tutorial review discusses the factors that determine the outcome of a SERS experiment in complex bioorganic samples. They are related to the SERS process itself, the possibility to selectively probe certain regions or constituents of a sample, and the retrieval of the vibrational information in order to identify molecules and their interaction. After introducing basic aspects of SERS experiments in the context of biocompatible environments, spectroscopy in typical microscopic settings is exemplified, including the possibilities to combine SERS with other linear and non-linear microscopic tools, and to exploit approaches that improve lateral and temporal resolution. In particular the great variation of data in a SERS experiment calls for robust data analysis tools. Approaches will be introduced that have been originally developed in the field of bioinformatics for the application to omics data and that show specific potential in the analysis of SERS data. They include the use of simulated data and machine learning tools that can yield chemical information beyond achieving spectral classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Kneipp
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stephan Seifert
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Gärber
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Karpf S, Glöckner Burmeister N, Dubreil L, Ghosh S, Hollandi R, Pichon J, Leroux I, Henkel A, Lutz V, Jurkevičius J, Latshaw A, Kilin V, Kutscher T, Wiggert M, Saavedra-Villanueva O, Vogel A, Huber RA, Horvath P, Rouger K, Bonacina L. Harmonic Imaging of Stem Cells in Whole Blood at GHz Pixel Rate. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401472. [PMID: 38863131 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The pre-clinical validation of cell therapies requires monitoring the biodistribution of transplanted cells in tissues of host organisms. Real-time detection of these cells in the circulatory system and identification of their aggregation state is a crucial piece of information, but necessitates deep penetration and fast imaging with high selectivity, subcellular resolution, and high throughput. In this study, multiphoton-based in-flow detection of human stem cells in whole, unfiltered blood is demonstrated in a microfluidic channel. The approach relies on a multiphoton microscope with diffractive scanning in the direction perpendicular to the flow via a rapidly wavelength-swept laser. Stem cells are labeled with metal oxide harmonic nanoparticles. Thanks to their strong and quasi-instantaneous second harmonic generation (SHG), an imaging rate in excess of 10 000 frames per second is achieved with pixel dwell times of 1 ns, a duration shorter than typical fluorescence lifetimes yet compatible with SHG. Through automated cell identification and segmentation, morphological features of each individual detected event are extracted and cell aggregates are distinguished from isolated cells. This combination of high-speed multiphoton microscopy and high-sensitivity SHG nanoparticle labeling in turbid media promises the detection of rare cells in the bloodstream for assessing novel cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Karpf
- Institute of Biomedical Optics (BMO), University Of Luebeck, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Shayantani Ghosh
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, Rue de l'Ecole-de-Médecine, 20, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Reka Hollandi
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre (BRC), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | | | | | - Alessandra Henkel
- Institute of Biomedical Optics (BMO), University Of Luebeck, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Valerie Lutz
- Institute of Biomedical Optics (BMO), University Of Luebeck, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Jonas Jurkevičius
- Institute of Biomedical Optics (BMO), University Of Luebeck, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Alexandra Latshaw
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, Rue de l'Ecole-de-Médecine, 20, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Vasyl Kilin
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, Rue de l'Ecole-de-Médecine, 20, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Tonio Kutscher
- Institute of Biomedical Optics (BMO), University Of Luebeck, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Moritz Wiggert
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, Rue de l'Ecole-de-Médecine, 20, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | | | - Alfred Vogel
- Institute of Biomedical Optics (BMO), University Of Luebeck, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Robert A Huber
- Institute of Biomedical Optics (BMO), University Of Luebeck, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Peter Horvath
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre (BRC), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Karl Rouger
- Oniris, INRAE, PAnther, Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Luigi Bonacina
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, Rue de l'Ecole-de-Médecine, 20, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
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6
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Xu N, Bohndiek SE, Li Z, Zhang C, Tan Q. Mechanical-scan-free multicolor super-resolution imaging with diffractive spot array illumination. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4135. [PMID: 38755150 PMCID: PMC11099116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Point-scanning microscopy approaches are transforming super-resolution imaging. Despite achieving parallel high-speed imaging using multifocal techniques, efficient multicolor imaging methods with high-quality illumination are currently lacking. In this paper, we present for the first time Mechanical-scan-free multiColor Super-resolution Microscopy (MCoSM) with spot array illumination, which enables mechanical-scan-free super-resolution imaging with adjustable resolution and a good effective field-of-view based on spatial light modulators. Through 100-2,500 s super-resolution spot illumination with different effective fields of view for imaging, we demonstrate the adjustable capacity of MCoSM. MCoSM extends existing spectral imaging capabilities through a time-sharing process involving different color illumination with phase-shift scanning while retaining the spatial flexibility of super-resolution imaging with diffractive spot array illumination. To demonstrate the prospects of MCoSM, we perform four-color imaging of fluorescent beads at high resolution. MCoSM provides a versatile platform for studying molecular interactions in complex samples at the nanoscale level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Zexing Li
- Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WB, UK
| | - Cilong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiaofeng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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7
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Farhat B, Bordeu I, Jagla B, Ibrahim S, Stefanovic S, Blanc H, Loulier K, Simons BD, Beaurepaire E, Livet J, Pucéat M. Understanding the cell fate and behavior of progenitors at the origin of the mouse cardiac mitral valve. Dev Cell 2024; 59:339-350.e4. [PMID: 38198889 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart malformations include mitral valve defects, which remain largely unexplained. During embryogenesis, a restricted population of endocardial cells within the atrioventricular canal undergoes an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition to give rise to mitral valvular cells. However, the identity and fate decisions of these progenitors as well as the behavior and distribution of their derivatives in valve leaflets remain unknown. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of genetically labeled endocardial cells and microdissected mouse embryonic and postnatal mitral valves to characterize the developmental road. We defined the metabolic processes underlying the specification of the progenitors and their contributions to subtypes of valvular cells. Using retrospective multicolor clonal analysis, we describe specific modes of growth and behavior of endocardial cell-derived clones, which build up, in a proper manner, functional valve leaflets. Our data identify how both genetic and metabolic mechanisms specifically drive the fate of a subset of endocardial cells toward their distinct clonal contribution to the formation of the valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Farhat
- INSERM U1251/Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13885, France
| | - Ignacio Bordeu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK; Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile
| | - Bernd Jagla
- Pasteur Institute UtechS CB & Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistiques, C3BI, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Ibrahim
- C2VN Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, Marseille 13885, France
| | - Sonia Stefanovic
- C2VN Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, Marseille 13885, France
| | - Hugo Blanc
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Karine Loulier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris 75012, France
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK; Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 A0W, UK
| | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Jean Livet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris 75012, France
| | - Michel Pucéat
- INSERM U1251/Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13885, France.
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8
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Tomar A, Engelmann SA, Woods AL, Dunn AK. Non-Degenerate Two-Photon Imaging of Deep Rodent Cortex using Indocyanine Green in the water absorption window. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.13.575485. [PMID: 38293101 PMCID: PMC10827096 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.13.575485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel approach for deep vascular imaging in rodent cortex at excitation wavelengths susceptible to water absorption using two-photon microscopy with photons of dissimilar wavelengths. We demonstrate that non-degenerate two-photon excitation (ND-2PE) enables imaging in the water absorption window from 1400-1550 nm using two synchronized excitation sources at 1300 nm and 1600 nm that straddle the absorption window. We explore the brightness spectra of indocyanine green (ICG) and assess its suitability for imaging in the water absorption window. Further, we demonstrate in vivo imaging of the rodent cortex vascular structure up to 1.2 mm using ND-2PE. Lastly, a comparative analysis of ND-2PE at 1435 nm and single-wavelength, two-photon imaging at 1300 nm and 1435 nm is presented. Our work extends the excitation range for fluorescent dyes to include water absorption regimes and underscores the feasibility of deep two-photon imaging at these wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alankrit Tomar
- Department of Eletrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 2501 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Shaun A. Engelmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Aaron L. Woods
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrew K. Dunn
- Department of Eletrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 2501 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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9
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Blanc H, Kaddour G, David NB, Supatto W, Livet J, Beaurepaire E, Mahou P. Chromatically Corrected Multicolor Multiphoton Microscopy. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:4104-4111. [PMID: 38145164 PMCID: PMC10739991 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous imaging of multiple labels in tissues is key to studying complex biological processes. Although strategies for color multiphoton excitation have been established, chromatic aberration remains a major problem when multiple excitation wavelengths are used in a scanning microscope. Chromatic aberration introduces a spatial shift between the foci of beams of different wavelengths that varies across the field of view, severely degrading the performance of color imaging. In this work, we propose an adaptive correction strategy that solves this problem in two-beam microscopy techniques. Axial chromatic aberration is corrected by a refractive phase mask that introduces pure defocus into one beam, while lateral chromatic aberration is corrected by a piezoelectric mirror that dynamically compensates for lateral shifts during scanning. We show that this light-efficient approach allows seamless chromatic correction over the entire field of view of different multiphoton objectives without compromising spatial and temporal resolution and that the effective area for beam-mixing processes can be increased by more than 1 order of magnitude. We illustrate this approach with simultaneous three-color, two-photon imaging of developing zebrafish embryos and fixed Brainbow mouse brain slices over large areas. These results establish a robust and efficient method for chromatically corrected multiphoton imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Blanc
- Laboratoire
d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS,
INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Gabriel Kaddour
- Sorbonne
Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut
de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas B. David
- Laboratoire
d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS,
INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Willy Supatto
- Laboratoire
d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS,
INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean Livet
- Sorbonne
Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut
de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratoire
d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS,
INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Laboratoire
d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS,
INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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10
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Zheng Z, Gao J, Wang R, Dong C, Dong X, Sun J, Sun L, Gu X, Zhao C. Molecular Engineering of Luminogens for High-Integrity Imaging of Hydrogen Polysulfides via Activatable Aggregation-Induced Dual-Color Fluorescence. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22060-22070. [PMID: 37889140 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding biological events associated with H2Sn rather than mediated by H2S is of great significance but remains to be solved due to a lack of high-integrity imaging tools. In this study, we report a chemoselective probe for H2Sn over H2S through the molecular engineering of luminogens. Based on our search for H2Sn-activatable probes with high selectivity, we fabricate water-soluble and biocompatible nanoprobes. Such a designed nanoprobe shows rare aggregation-induced dual-color fluorescence responses to H2Sn, lighting up bright emissions at 588 and 750 nm, respectively. By use of this activatable dual-color fluorescence, high-integrity identification of intracellular H2Sn was successfully realized. Thus, our approach to H2Sn-activated multicolor fluorescent probes could provide valuable insight into interrogating H2Sn-mediated biological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhecha Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhu Gao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjun Dong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Dong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfeng Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunchang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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11
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Heuke S, Silva Martins C, André R, LeGoff L, Rigneault H. Frequency-encoded two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4113-4116. [PMID: 37527131 DOI: 10.1364/ol.496071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) microscopy is the most popular non-linear imaging method of biomedical samples. State-of-the art 2PEF microscopes use multiple detectors and spectral filter sets to discriminate different fluorophores based on their distinct emission behavior (emission discrimination). One drawback of 2PEF is that fluorescence photons outside the filter transmission range are inherently lost, thereby reducing the imaging efficiency and speed. Furthermore, emission discrimination of different fluorophores may fail if their emission profiles are too similar. Here, we present an alternative 2PEF method that discriminates fluorophores based on their excitation spectra (excitation discrimination). For excitation we use two lasers of different wavelengths (ω1, ω2) resulting in excitation energies at 2ω1, 2ω2, and the mixing energy ω1+ω2. Both lasers are frequency encoded (FE) by an intensity modulation at distinct frequencies while all 2PEF emission is collected on a single detector. The signal is fed into a lock-in-amplifier and demodulated at various frequencies simultaneously. A customized nonnegative matrix factorization (NNMF) then generates fluorescence images that are free of cross talk. Combining FE-2PEF with multiple detectors has the potential to enable the simultaneous imaging of an unprecedented number of fluorophores.
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Wang P, Kitano M, Keomanee-Dizon K, Truong TV, Fraser SE, Cutrale F. A single-shot hyperspectral phasor camera for fast, multi-color fluorescence microscopy. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100441. [PMID: 37159674 PMCID: PMC10162951 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral fluorescence imaging improves multiplexed observations of biological samples by utilizing multiple color channels across the spectral range to compensate for spectral overlap between labels. Typically, spectral resolution comes at a cost of decreased detection efficiency, which both hampers imaging speed and increases photo-toxicity to the samples. Here, we present a high-speed, high-efficiency snapshot spectral acquisition method, based on optical compression of the fluorescence spectra via Fourier transform, that overcomes the challenges of discrete spectral sampling: single-shot hyperspectral phasor camera (SHy-Cam). SHy-Cam captures fluorescence spatial and spectral information in a single exposure with a standard scientific CMOS camera, with photon efficiency of over 80%, easily and with acquisition rates exceeding 30 datasets per second, making it a powerful tool for multi-color in vivo imaging. Its simple design, using readily available optical components, and its easy integration provide a low-cost solution for multi-color fluorescence imaging with increased efficiency and speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Masahiro Kitano
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kevin Keomanee-Dizon
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Thai V. Truong
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Scott E. Fraser
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Francesco Cutrale
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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13
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Heaton AR, Rehani PR, Hoefges A, Lopez AF, Erbe AK, Sondel PM, Skala MC. Single cell metabolic imaging of tumor and immune cells in vivo in melanoma bearing mice. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1110503. [PMID: 37020875 PMCID: PMC10067577 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1110503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic reprogramming of cancer and immune cells occurs during tumorigenesis and has a significant impact on cancer progression. Unfortunately, current techniques to measure tumor and immune cell metabolism require sample destruction and/or cell isolations that remove the spatial context. Two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of the autofluorescent metabolic coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) provides in vivo images of cell metabolism at a single cell level. Methods Here, we report an immunocompetent mCherry reporter mouse model for immune cells that express CD4 either during differentiation or CD4 and/or CD8 in their mature state and perform in vivo imaging of immune and cancer cells within a syngeneic B78 melanoma model. We also report an algorithm for single cell segmentation of mCherry-expressing immune cells within in vivo images. Results We found that immune cells within B78 tumors exhibited decreased FAD mean lifetime and an increased proportion of bound FAD compared to immune cells within spleens. Tumor infiltrating immune cell size also increased compared to immune cells from spleens. These changes are consistent with a shift towards increased activation and proliferation in tumor infiltrating immune cells compared to immune cells from spleens. Tumor infiltrating immune cells exhibited increased FAD mean lifetime and increased protein-bound FAD lifetime compared to B78 tumor cells within the same tumor. Single cell metabolic heterogeneity was observed in both immune and tumor cells in vivo. Discussion This approach can be used to monitor single cell metabolic heterogeneity in tumor cells and immune cells to study promising treatments for cancer in the native in vivo context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa R. Heaton
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Peter R. Rehani
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Anna Hoefges
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Angelica F. Lopez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Amy K. Erbe
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Paul M. Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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14
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Chen Z, Huang J, Huang X, Gao X, Zhou Y, Fu L. Two-photon fluorescence imaging using a tunable spectral window based on fiber supercontinuum. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1518-1521. [PMID: 36946967 DOI: 10.1364/ol.485028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy has evolved into a versatile tool in biological research. However, the multiplexing capability of TPEF microscopy is limited by the narrow spectral bandwidth of the light source. In this study, we apply a photonic crystal fiber in TPEF microscopy to broaden the excitation source bandwidth. We tuned the spectral window using a spatial light modulator as a programmable diffraction grating that was placed behind a prism pair. In addition, we combined a grating pair to compensate for dispersion to improve the two-photon excitation efficiency. The combination of a broad spectrum and a programmable grating enabled fast spectral window tuning rate on a time scale of tens of milliseconds. We demonstrate the performance of our method by imaging live B16 cells labeled with four emission spectrum overlapped fluorescent proteins.
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Ferrer Ortas J, Mahou P, Escot S, Stringari C, David NB, Bally-Cuif L, Dray N, Négrerie M, Supatto W, Beaurepaire E. Label-free imaging of red blood cells and oxygenation with color third-order sum-frequency generation microscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:29. [PMID: 36702815 PMCID: PMC9879988 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mapping red blood cells (RBCs) flow and oxygenation is of key importance for analyzing brain and tissue physiology. Current microscopy methods are limited either in sensitivity or in spatio-temporal resolution. In this work, we introduce a novel approach based on label-free third-order sum-frequency generation (TSFG) and third-harmonic generation (THG) contrasts. First, we propose a novel experimental scheme for color TSFG microscopy, which provides simultaneous measurements at several wavelengths encompassing the Soret absorption band of hemoglobin. We show that there is a strong three-photon (3P) resonance related to the Soret band of hemoglobin in THG and TSFG signals from zebrafish and human RBCs, and that this resonance is sensitive to RBC oxygenation state. We demonstrate that our color TSFG implementation enables specific detection of flowing RBCs in zebrafish embryos and is sensitive to RBC oxygenation dynamics with single-cell resolution and microsecond pixel times. Moreover, it can be implemented on a 3P microscope and provides label-free RBC-specific contrast at depths exceeding 600 µm in live adult zebrafish brain. Our results establish a new multiphoton contrast extending the palette of deep-tissue microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Ferrer Ortas
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, École polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, École polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sophie Escot
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, École polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Chiara Stringari
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, École polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Nicolas B David
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, École polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Laure Bally-Cuif
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, team supported by Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dray
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, team supported by Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Michel Négrerie
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, École polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Willy Supatto
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, École polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, École polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
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Sadashivaiah V, Tippani M, Page SC, Kwon SH, Bach SV, Bharadwaj RA, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Jaffe AE, Maynard KR. SUFI: an automated approach to spectral unmixing of fluorescent multiplex images captured in mouse and post-mortem human brain tissues. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:6. [PMID: 36698068 PMCID: PMC9878864 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multispectral fluorescence imaging coupled with linear unmixing is a form of image data collection and analysis that allows for measuring multiple molecular signals in a single biological sample. Multiple fluorescent dyes, each measuring a unique molecule, are simultaneously measured and subsequently "unmixed" to provide a read-out for each molecular signal. This strategy allows for measuring highly multiplexed signals in a single data capture session, such as multiple proteins or RNAs in tissue slices or cultured cells, but can often result in mixed signals and bleed-through problems across dyes. Existing spectral unmixing algorithms are not optimized for challenging biological specimens such as post-mortem human brain tissue, and often require manual intervention to extract spectral signatures. We therefore developed an intuitive, automated, and flexible package called SUFI: spectral unmixing of fluorescent images. RESULTS This package unmixes multispectral fluorescence images by automating the extraction of spectral signatures using vertex component analysis, and then performs one of three unmixing algorithms derived from remote sensing. We evaluate these remote sensing algorithms' performances on four unique biological datasets and compare the results to unmixing results obtained using ZEN Black software (Zeiss). We lastly integrate our unmixing pipeline into the computational tool dotdotdot, which is used to quantify individual RNA transcripts at single cell resolution in intact tissues and perform differential expression analysis, and thereby provide an end-to-end solution for multispectral fluorescence image analysis and quantification. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we provide a robust, automated pipeline to assist biologists with improved spectral unmixing of multispectral fluorescence images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Sadashivaiah
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Madhavi Tippani
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stephanie C Page
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sang Ho Kwon
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Svitlana V Bach
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rahul A Bharadwaj
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Department of Genetic Medicine, McKusick-Nathans Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kristen R Maynard
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Abstract
In this series of papers on light microscopy imaging, we have covered the fundamentals of microscopy, super-resolution microscopy, and lightsheet microscopy. This last review covers multi-photon microscopy with a brief reference to intravital imaging and Brainbow labeling. Multi-photon microscopy is often referred to as two-photon microscopy. Indeed, using two-photon microscopy is by far the most common way of imaging thick tissues; however, it is theoretically possible to use a higher number of photons, and three-photon microscopy is possible. Therefore, this review is titled "multi-photon microscopy." Another term for describing multi-photon microscopy is "non-linear" microscopy because fluorescence intensity at the focal spot depends upon the average squared intensity rather than the squared average intensity; hence, non-linear optics (NLO) is an alternative name for multi-photon microscopy. It is this non-linear relationship (or third exponential power in the case of three-photon excitation) that determines the axial optical sectioning capability of multi-photon imaging. In this paper, the necessity for two-photon or multi-photon imaging is explained, and the method of optical sectioning by multi-photon microscopy is described. Advice is also given on what fluorescent markers to use and other practical aspects of imaging thick tissues. The technique of Brainbow imaging is discussed. The review concludes with a description of intravital imaging of the mouse. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Entenberg D, Oktay MH, Condeelis JS. Intravital imaging to study cancer progression and metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:25-42. [PMID: 36385560 PMCID: PMC9912378 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Navigation through the bulk tumour, entry into the blood vasculature, survival in the circulation, exit at distant sites and resumption of proliferation are all steps necessary for tumour cells to successfully metastasize. The ability of tumour cells to complete these steps is highly dependent on the timing and sequence of the interactions that these cells have with the tumour microenvironment (TME), including stromal cells, the extracellular matrix and soluble factors. The TME thus plays a major role in determining the overall metastatic phenotype of tumours. The complexity and cause-and-effect dynamics of the TME cannot currently be recapitulated in vitro or inferred from studies of fixed tissue, and are best studied in vivo, in real time and at single-cell resolution. Intravital imaging (IVI) offers these capabilities, and recent years have been a time of immense growth and innovation in the field. Here we review some of the recent advances in IVI of mammalian models of cancer and describe how IVI is being used to understand cancer progression and metastasis, and to develop novel treatments and therapies. We describe new techniques that allow access to a range of tissue and cancer types, novel fluorescent reporters and biosensors that allow fate mapping and the probing of functional and phenotypic states, and the clinical applications that have arisen from applying these techniques, reporters and biosensors to study cancer. We finish by presenting some of the challenges that remain in the field, how to address them and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Entenberg
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - John S Condeelis
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Leben R, Lindquist RL, Hauser AE, Niesner R, Rakhymzhan A. Two-Photon Excitation Spectra of Various Fluorescent Proteins within a Broad Excitation Range. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13407. [PMID: 36362194 PMCID: PMC9656010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-photon excitation fluorescence laser-scanning microscopy is the preferred method for studying dynamic processes in living organ models or even in living organisms. Thanks to near-infrared and infrared excitation, it is possible to penetrate deep into the tissue, reaching areas of interest relevant to life sciences and biomedicine. In those imaging experiments, two-photon excitation spectra are needed to select the optimal laser wavelength to excite as many fluorophores as possible simultaneously in the sample under consideration. The more fluorophores that can be excited, and the more cell populations that can be studied, the better access to their arrangement and interaction can be reached in complex systems such as immunological organs. However, for many fluorophores, the two-photon excitation properties are poorly predicted from the single-photon spectra and are not yet available, in the literature or databases. Here, we present the broad excitation range (760 nm to 1300 nm) of photon-flux-normalized two-photon spectra of several fluorescent proteins in their cellular environment. This includes the following fluorescent proteins spanning from the cyan to the infrared part of the spectrum: mCerulean3, mTurquoise2, mT-Sapphire, Clover, mKusabiraOrange2, mOrange2, LSS-mOrange, mRuby2, mBeRFP, mCardinal, iRFP670, NirFP, and iRFP720.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Leben
- Biophysical Analytics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Randall L. Lindquist
- Immune Dynamics and Intravital Microscopy, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Praxen für Nuklearmedizin, 12163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E. Hauser
- Immune Dynamics and Intravital Microscopy, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca Niesner
- Biophysical Analytics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Dynamic and Functional In Vivo Imaging, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Asylkhan Rakhymzhan
- Biophysical Analytics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Chou LT, Wu SH, Hung HH, Lin WZ, Chen ZP, Ivanov AA, Chia SH. Compact multicolor two-photon fluorescence microscopy enabled by tailorable continuum generation from self-phase modulation and dispersive wave generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:40315-40327. [PMID: 36298966 DOI: 10.1364/oe.470602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
By precisely managing fiber-optic nonlinearity with anomalous dispersion, we have demonstrated the control of generating plural few-optical-cycle pulses based on a 24-MHz Chromium:forsterite laser, allowing multicolor two-photon tissue imaging by wavelength mixing. The formation of high-order soliton and its efficient coupling to dispersive wave generation leads to phase-matched spectral broadening, and we have obtained a broadband continuum ranging from 830 nm to 1200 nm, delivering 5-nJ pulses with a pulse width of 10.5 fs using a piece of large-mode-area fiber. We locate the spectral enhancement at around 920 nm for the two-photon excitation of green fluorophores, and we can easily compress the resulting pulse close to its limited duration without the need for active pulse shaping. To optimize the wavelength mixing for sum-frequency excitation, we have realized the management of the power ratio and group delay between the soliton and dispersive wave by varying the initial pulse energy without additional delay control. We have thus demonstrated simultaneous three-color two-photon tissue imaging with contrast management between different signals. Our source optimization leads to efficient two-photon excitation reaching a 500-µm imaging depth under a low 14-mW illumination power. We believe our source development leads to an efficient and compact approach for driving multicolor two-photon fluorescence microscopy and other ultrafast investigations, such as strong-field-driven applications.
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Ding Z, Zhao J, Luo T, Lu B, Zhang X, Chen S, Li A, Jia X, Zhang J, Chen W, Chen J, Sun Q, Li X, Gong H, Yuan J. Multicolor high-resolution whole-brain imaging for acquiring and comparing the brain-wide distributions of type-specific and projection-specific neurons with anatomical annotation in the same brain. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1033880. [PMID: 36278018 PMCID: PMC9583816 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1033880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Visualizing the relationships and interactions among different biological components in the whole brain is crucial to our understanding of brain structures and functions. However, an automatic multicolor whole-brain imaging technique is still lacking. Here, we developed a multicolor wide-field large-volume tomography (multicolor WVT) to simultaneously acquire fluorescent signals in blue, green, and red channels in the whole brain. To facilitate the segmentation of brain regions and anatomical annotation, we used 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) to provide cytoarchitecture through real-time counterstaining. We optimized the imaging planes and modes of three channels to overcome the axial chromatic aberration of the illumination path and avoid the crosstalk from DAPI to the green channel without the modification of system configuration. We also developed an automatic contour recognition algorithm based on DAPI-staining cytoarchitecture to shorten data acquisition time and reduce data redundancy. To demonstrate the potential of our system in deciphering the relationship of the multiple components of neural circuits, we acquired and quantified the brain-wide distributions of cholinergic neurons and input of ventral Caudoputamen (CP) with the anatomical annotation in the same brain. We further identified the cholinergic type of upstream neurons projecting to CP through the triple-color collocated analysis and quantified its proportions in the two brain-wide distributions. Both accounted for 0.22%, implying CP might be modulated by non-cholinergic neurons. Our method provides a new research tool for studying the different biological components in the same organ and potentially facilitates the understanding of the processing mechanism of neural circuits and other biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangheng Ding
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiangjiang Zhao
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianpeng Luo
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bolin Lu
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anan Li
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Jia
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingtao Sun
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangning Li
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Yuan,
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22
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Hilzenrat G, Gill ET, McArthur SL. Imaging approaches for monitoring three-dimensional cell and tissue culture systems. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100380. [PMID: 35357086 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen an increasing demand for more complex, reproducible and physiologically relevant tissue cultures that can mimic the structural and biological features of living tissues. Monitoring the viability, development and responses of such tissues in real-time are challenging due to the complexities of cell culture physical characteristics and the environments in which these cultures need to be maintained in. Significant developments in optics, such as optical manipulation, improved detection and data analysis, have made optical imaging a preferred choice for many three-dimensional (3D) cell culture monitoring applications. The aim of this review is to discuss the challenges associated with imaging and monitoring 3D tissues and cell culture, and highlight topical label-free imaging tools that enable bioengineers and biophysicists to non-invasively characterise engineered living tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geva Hilzenrat
- Bioengineering Engineering Group, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma T Gill
- Bioengineering Engineering Group, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally L McArthur
- Bioengineering Engineering Group, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Munck S, Cawthorne C, Escamilla‐Ayala A, Kerstens A, Gabarre S, Wesencraft K, Battistella E, Craig R, Reynaud EG, Swoger J, McConnell G. Challenges and advances in optical 3D mesoscale imaging. J Microsc 2022; 286:201-219. [PMID: 35460574 PMCID: PMC9325079 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Optical mesoscale imaging is a rapidly developing field that allows the visualisation of larger samples than is possible with standard light microscopy, and fills a gap between cell and organism resolution. It spans from advanced fluorescence imaging of micrometric cell clusters to centimetre-size complete organisms. However, with larger volume specimens, new problems arise. Imaging deeper into tissues at high resolution poses challenges ranging from optical distortions to shadowing from opaque structures. This manuscript discusses the latest developments in mesoscale imaging and highlights limitations, namely labelling, clearing, absorption, scattering, and also sample handling. We then focus on approaches that seek to turn mesoscale imaging into a more quantitative technique, analogous to quantitative tomography in medical imaging, highlighting a future role for digital and physical phantoms as well as artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Munck
- VIB‐KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease ResearchLight Microscopy Expertise Unit & VIB BioImaging CoreLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Department of NeurosciencesLeuven Brain InstituteLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Abril Escamilla‐Ayala
- VIB‐KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease ResearchLight Microscopy Expertise Unit & VIB BioImaging CoreLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Department of NeurosciencesLeuven Brain InstituteLeuvenBelgium
| | - Axelle Kerstens
- VIB‐KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease ResearchLight Microscopy Expertise Unit & VIB BioImaging CoreLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Department of NeurosciencesLeuven Brain InstituteLeuvenBelgium
| | - Sergio Gabarre
- VIB‐KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease ResearchLight Microscopy Expertise Unit & VIB BioImaging CoreLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Department of NeurosciencesLeuven Brain InstituteLeuvenBelgium
| | | | | | - Rebecca Craig
- Department of Physics, SUPAUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Emmanuel G. Reynaud
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinBelfieldIreland
| | - Jim Swoger
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Gail McConnell
- Department of Physics, SUPAUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
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24
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Engelmann SA, Zhou A, Hassan AM, Williamson MR, Jarrett JW, Perillo EP, Tomar A, Spence DJ, Jones TA, Dunn AK. Diamond Raman laser and Yb fiber amplifier for in vivo multiphoton fluorescence microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:1888-1898. [PMID: 35519268 PMCID: PMC9045921 DOI: 10.1364/boe.448978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here we introduce a fiber amplifier and a diamond Raman laser that output high powers (6.5 W, 1.3 W) at valuable wavelengths (1060 nm, 1250 nm) for two-photon excitation of red-shifted fluorophores. These custom excitation sources are both simple to construct and cost-efficient in comparison to similar custom and commercial alternatives. Furthermore, they operate at a repetition rate (80 MHz) that allows fast image acquisition using resonant scanners. With our system we demonstrate compatibility with fast resonant scanning, the ability to acquire neuronal images, and the capability to image vasculature at deep locations (>1 mm) within the mouse cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A. Engelmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Annie Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael R. Williamson
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jeremy W. Jarrett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Evan P. Perillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alankrit Tomar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - David J. Spence
- MQ Photonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Theresa A. Jones
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrew K. Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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25
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Peres C, Nardin C, Yang G, Mammano F. Commercially derived versatile optical architecture for two-photon STED, wavelength mixing and label-free microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:1410-1429. [PMID: 35414982 PMCID: PMC8973165 DOI: 10.1364/boe.444525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal microscopy combines multiple non-linear techniques that take advantage of different optical processes to generate contrast and increase the amount of information that can be obtained from biological samples. However, the most advanced optical architectures are typically custom-made and often require on-site adjustment of optical components performed by trained personnel for optimal performance. Here, we describe a hybrid system we built based on a commercial upright microscope. We show that our multimodal imaging platform can be used to seamlessly perform two-photon STED, wavelength mixing and label-free microscopy in both ex vivo and in vivo turbid samples. The system is stable and endowed with remote alignment hardware that ensures long-term operability also for non-expert users, using the alignment protocol described in this article and in the related material. This optical architecture is an important step forward towards a wider practical applicability of non-linear optics to bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Peres
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Nardin
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Fabio Mammano
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
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26
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Multicolor strategies for investigating clonal expansion and tissue plasticity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:141. [PMID: 35187598 PMCID: PMC8858928 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the generation of complexity in living organisms requires the use of lineage tracing tools at a multicellular scale. In this review, we describe the different multicolor strategies focusing on mouse models expressing several fluorescent reporter proteins, generated by classical (MADM, Brainbow and its multiple derivatives) or acute (StarTrack, CLoNe, MAGIC Markers, iOn, viral vectors) transgenesis. After detailing the multi-reporter genetic strategies that serve as a basis for the establishment of these multicolor mouse models, we briefly mention other animal and cellular models (zebrafish, chicken, drosophila, iPSC) that also rely on these constructs. Then, we highlight practical applications of multicolor mouse models to better understand organogenesis at single progenitor scale (clonal analyses) in the brain and briefly in several other tissues (intestine, skin, vascular, hematopoietic and immune systems). In addition, we detail the critical contribution of multicolor fate mapping strategies in apprehending the fine cellular choreography underlying tissue morphogenesis in several models with a particular focus on brain cytoarchitecture in health and diseases. Finally, we present the latest technological advances in multichannel and in-depth imaging, and automated analyses that enable to better exploit the large amount of data generated from multicolored tissues.
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27
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Buttolph ML, Sidorenko P, Schaffer CB, Wise FW. Femtosecond optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification in birefringent step-index fiber. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:545-548. [PMID: 35103677 DOI: 10.1364/ol.447506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier (OPCPA) that uses birefringence phase matching in a step-index single-mode optical fiber. The OPCPA is pumped with chirped pulses that can be compressed to sub-30-fs duration. The signal (idler) pulses are generated at 905 nm (1270 nm), have 26 nJ (20 nJ) pulse energy, and are compressible to 70 fs duration. The short compressed signal and idler pulse durations are enabled by the broad bandwidth of the pump pulses. Numerical simulations guiding the design are consistent with the experimental results and predict that scaling to higher pulse energies will be possible. Forgoing a photonic crystal fiber for phase-matching offers practical advantages, including allowing energy scaling with mode area.
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28
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Abdelfattah AS, Ahuja S, Akkin T, Allu SR, Brake J, Boas DA, Buckley EM, Campbell RE, Chen AI, Cheng X, Čižmár T, Costantini I, De Vittorio M, Devor A, Doran PR, El Khatib M, Emiliani V, Fomin-Thunemann N, Fainman Y, Fernandez-Alfonso T, Ferri CGL, Gilad A, Han X, Harris A, Hillman EMC, Hochgeschwender U, Holt MG, Ji N, Kılıç K, Lake EMR, Li L, Li T, Mächler P, Miller EW, Mesquita RC, Nadella KMNS, Nägerl UV, Nasu Y, Nimmerjahn A, Ondráčková P, Pavone FS, Perez Campos C, Peterka DS, Pisano F, Pisanello F, Puppo F, Sabatini BL, Sadegh S, Sakadzic S, Shoham S, Shroff SN, Silver RA, Sims RR, Smith SL, Srinivasan VJ, Thunemann M, Tian L, Tian L, Troxler T, Valera A, Vaziri A, Vinogradov SA, Vitale F, Wang LV, Uhlířová H, Xu C, Yang C, Yang MH, Yellen G, Yizhar O, Zhao Y. Neurophotonic tools for microscopic measurements and manipulation: status report. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:013001. [PMID: 35493335 PMCID: PMC9047450 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.s1.013001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Neurophotonics was launched in 2014 coinciding with the launch of the BRAIN Initiative focused on development of technologies for advancement of neuroscience. For the last seven years, Neurophotonics' agenda has been well aligned with this focus on neurotechnologies featuring new optical methods and tools applicable to brain studies. While the BRAIN Initiative 2.0 is pivoting towards applications of these novel tools in the quest to understand the brain, this status report reviews an extensive and diverse toolkit of novel methods to explore brain function that have emerged from the BRAIN Initiative and related large-scale efforts for measurement and manipulation of brain structure and function. Here, we focus on neurophotonic tools mostly applicable to animal studies. A companion report, scheduled to appear later this year, will cover diffuse optical imaging methods applicable to noninvasive human studies. For each domain, we outline the current state-of-the-art of the respective technologies, identify the areas where innovation is needed, and provide an outlook for the future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Abdelfattah
- Brown University, Department of Neuroscience, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Sapna Ahuja
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Taner Akkin
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Srinivasa Rao Allu
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Joshua Brake
- Harvey Mudd College, Department of Engineering, Claremont, California, United States
| | - David A. Boas
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Erin M. Buckley
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Robert E. Campbell
- University of Tokyo, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Alberta, Department of Chemistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anderson I. Chen
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Xiaojun Cheng
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tomáš Čižmár
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irene Costantini
- University of Florence, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Department of Biology, Florence, Italy
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo De Vittorio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Anna Devor
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Patrick R. Doran
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mirna El Khatib
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Natalie Fomin-Thunemann
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yeshaiahu Fainman
- University of California San Diego, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Tomas Fernandez-Alfonso
- University College London, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher G. L. Ferri
- University of California San Diego, Departments of Neurosciences, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Ariel Gilad
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Institute for Medical Research Israel–Canada, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Xue Han
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Andrew Harris
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Ute Hochgeschwender
- Central Michigan University, Department of Neuroscience, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
| | - Matthew G. Holt
- University of Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
| | - Na Ji
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Kıvılcım Kılıç
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Evelyn M. R. Lake
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Lei Li
- California Institute of Technology, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Tianqi Li
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Philipp Mächler
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Evan W. Miller
- University of California Berkeley, Departments of Chemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Berkeley, California, United States
| | | | | | - U. Valentin Nägerl
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience University of Bordeaux & CNRS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yusuke Nasu
- University of Tokyo, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Axel Nimmerjahn
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Petra Ondráčková
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco S. Pavone
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- University of Florence, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, Florence, Italy
| | - Citlali Perez Campos
- Columbia University, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, United States
| | - Darcy S. Peterka
- Columbia University, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, United States
| | - Filippo Pisano
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Pisanello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Francesca Puppo
- University of California San Diego, Departments of Neurosciences, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Bernardo L. Sabatini
- Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sanaz Sadegh
- University of California San Diego, Departments of Neurosciences, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Sava Sakadzic
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Shy Shoham
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Tech4Health and Neuroscience Institutes, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sanaya N. Shroff
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - R. Angus Silver
- University College London, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth R. Sims
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Spencer L. Smith
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Vivek J. Srinivasan
- New York University Langone Health, Departments of Ophthalmology and Radiology, New York, New York, United States
| | - Martin Thunemann
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lei Tian
- Boston University, Departments of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lin Tian
- University of California Davis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Davis, California, United States
| | - Thomas Troxler
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Antoine Valera
- University College London, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Rockefeller University, Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, New York, New York, United States
- The Rockefeller University, The Kavli Neural Systems Institute, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sergei A. Vinogradov
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology, Bioengineering, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- California Institute of Technology, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Hana Uhlířová
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Chris Xu
- Cornell University, School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Changhuei Yang
- California Institute of Technology, Departments of Electrical Engineering, Bioengineering and Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Mu-Han Yang
- University of California San Diego, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Gary Yellen
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ofer Yizhar
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yongxin Zhao
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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29
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Bagheri P, Hoang K, Fung AA, Hussain S, Shi L. Visualizing Cancer Cell Metabolic Dynamics Regulated With Aromatic Amino Acids Using DO-SRS and 2PEF Microscopy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:779702. [PMID: 34977157 PMCID: PMC8714916 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.779702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative imbalance plays an essential role in the progression of many diseases that include cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Aromatic amino acids (AAA) such as phenylalanine and tryptophan have the capability of escalating oxidative stress because of their involvement in the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Here, we use D2O (heavy water) probed stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (DO-SRS) and two Photon Excitation Fluorescence (2PEF) microscopy as a multimodal imaging approach to visualize metabolic changes in HeLa cells under excess AAA such as phenylalanine or trytophan in culture media. The cellular spatial distribution of de novo lipogenesis, new protein synthesis, NADH, Flavin, unsaturated lipids, and saturated lipids were all imaged and quantified in this experiment. Our studies reveal ∼10% increase in de novo lipogenesis and the ratio of NADH to flavin, and ∼50% increase of the ratio of unsaturated lipids to saturated lipid in cells treated with excess phenylalanine or trytophan. In contrast, these cells exhibited a decrease in the protein synthesis rate by ∼10% under these AAA treatments. The cellular metabolic activities of these biomolecules are indicators of elevated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, 3D reconstruction images of lipid droplets were acquired and quantified to observe their spatial distribution around cells’ nuceli under different AAA culture media. We observed a higher number of lipid droplets in excess AAA conditions. Our study showcases that DO-SRS imaging can be used to quantitatively study how excess AAA regulates metabolic activities of cells with subcellular resolution in situ.
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30
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Ung TPL, Lim S, Solinas X, Mahou P, Chessel A, Marionnet C, Bornschlögl T, Beaurepaire E, Bernerd F, Pena AM, Stringari C. Simultaneous NAD(P)H and FAD fluorescence lifetime microscopy of long UVA-induced metabolic stress in reconstructed human skin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22171. [PMID: 34772978 PMCID: PMC8589997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet longwave UVA1 exposure of human skin has short-term consequences at cellular and molecular level, leading at long-term to photoaging. Following exposure, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated, inducing oxidative stress that might impair cellular metabolic activity. However, the dynamic of UVA1 impact on cellular metabolism remains unknown because of lacking adequate live imaging techniques. Here we assess the UVA1-induced metabolic stress response in reconstructed human skin with multicolor two-photon fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FLIM). Simultaneous imaging of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(P)H) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) by wavelength mixing allows quantifying cellular metabolism in function of NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H and FAD/FADH2 redox ratios. After UVA1 exposure, we observe an increase of fraction of bound NAD(P)H and decrease of fraction of bound FAD indicating a metabolic switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation or oxidative stress possibly correlated to ROS generation. NAD(P)H and FAD biomarkers have unique temporal dynamic and sensitivity to skin cell types and UVA1 dose. While the FAD biomarker is UVA1 dose-dependent in keratinocytes, the NAD(P)H biomarker shows no dose dependence in keratinocytes, but is directly affected after exposure in fibroblasts, thus reflecting different skin cells sensitivities to oxidative stress. Finally, we show that a sunscreen including a UVA1 filter prevents UVA1 metabolic stress response from occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Phuong Lien Ung
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Seongbin Lim
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Solinas
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Anatole Chessel
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Claire Marionnet
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP 22, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Thomas Bornschlögl
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP 22, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Bernerd
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP 22, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Ana-Maria Pena
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP 22, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Chiara Stringari
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France.
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Mizuta Y. Advances in Two-Photon Imaging in Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1224-1230. [PMID: 34019083 PMCID: PMC8579158 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Live and deep imaging play a significant role in the physiological and biological study of organisms. Two-photon excitation microscopy (2PEM), also known as multiphoton excitation microscopy, is a fluorescent imaging technique that allows deep imaging of living tissues. Two-photon lasers use near-infrared (NIR) pulse lasers that are less invasive and permit deep tissue penetration. In this review, recent advances in two-photon imaging and their applications in plant studies are discussed. Compared to confocal microscopy, NIR 2PEM exhibits reduced plant-specific autofluorescence, thereby achieving greater depth and high-resolution imaging in plant tissues. Fluorescent proteins with long emission wavelengths, such as orange-red fluorescent proteins, are particularly suitable for two-photon live imaging in plants. Furthermore, deep- and high-resolution imaging was achieved using plant-specific clearing methods. In addition to imaging, optical cell manipulations can be performed using femtosecond pulsed lasers at the single cell or organelle level. Optical surgery and manipulation can reveal cellular communication during development. Advances in in vivo imaging using 2PEM will greatly benefit biological studies in plant sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Mizuta
- Institute for Advanced Research (IAR), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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32
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Dorozynska K, Ek S, Kornienko V, Andersson D, Andersson A, Ehn A, Kristensson E. Snapshot multicolor fluorescence imaging using double multiplexing of excitation and emission on a single detector. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20454. [PMID: 34650144 PMCID: PMC8517015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence-based multispectral imaging of rapidly moving or dynamic samples requires both fast two-dimensional data acquisition as well as sufficient spectral sensitivity for species separation. As the number of fluorophores in the experiment increases, meeting both these requirements becomes technically challenging. Although several solutions for fast imaging of multiple fluorophores exist, they all have one main restriction; they rely solely on spectrally resolving either the excitation- or the emission characteristics of the fluorophores. This inability directly limits how many fluorophores existing methods can simultaneously distinguish. Here we present a snapshot multispectral imaging approach that not only senses the excitation and emission characteristics of the probed fluorophores but also all cross term combinations of excitation and emission. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the only snapshot multispectral imaging method that has this ability, allowing us to even sense and differentiate between light of equal wavelengths emitted from the same fluorescing species but where the signal components stem from different excitation sources. The current implementation of the technique allows us to simultaneously gather 24 different spectral images on a single detector, from which we demonstrate the ability to visualize and distinguish up to nine fluorophores within the visible wavelength range.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Ek
- Department of Combustion Physics, Lund University, 22363, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vassily Kornienko
- Department of Combustion Physics, Lund University, 22363, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Andersson
- Department of Combustion Physics, Lund University, 22363, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Ehn
- Department of Combustion Physics, Lund University, 22363, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elias Kristensson
- Department of Combustion Physics, Lund University, 22363, Lund, Sweden.
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33
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Lanin AA, Chebotarev AS, Kelmanson IV, Pochechuev MS, Fetisova ES, Bilan DS, Shevchenko EK, Ivanov AA, Fedotov AB, Belousov VV, Zheltikov AM. Single-beam multimodal nonlinear-optical imaging of structurally complex events in cell-cycle dynamics. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/ac159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We demonstrate a multimodal nonlinear-optical imaging that combines second- and third-harmonic generation (SHG and THG) with three-photon-excited fluorescence (3PEF) as a means to resolve fine details of the cell structure and trace its transformations throughout structurally complex episodes of cell-cycle dynamics, including the key stages and signatures in cell division. When zoomed in on cell mitosis, this technique enables a high-contrast multimodal imaging of intra- and extracellular signatures of cell division, detecting, via a multiplex, 3PEF/SHG/THG readout, a remarkable diversity of shapes, sizes, and symmetries in a truly single-beam setting, with no need for beam refocusing or field-waveform re-adjustment.
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34
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Lee M, Kannan S, Muniraj G, Rosa V, Lu WF, Fuh JYH, Sriram G, Cao T. Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy and Applications in Angiogenesis and Related Molecular Events. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:926-937. [PMID: 34541887 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of angiogenesis in health and disease have gained considerable momentum in recent years. Visualizing angiogenic patterns and associated events of surrounding vascular beds in response to therapeutic and laboratory-grade biomolecules have become a commonplace in regenerative medicine and the biosciences. To aid imaging investigations in angiogenesis, the two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy (2PEF), or multiphoton fluorescence microscopy is increasingly utilized in scientific investigations. The 2PEF microscope confers several distinct imaging advantages over other fluorescence excitation microscopy techniques - for the observation of in-depth, three-dimensional vascularity in a variety of tissue formats, including fixed tissue specimens and in vivo vasculature in live specimens. Understanding morphological and subcellular changes that occur in cells and tissues during angiogenesis will provide insights to behavioral responses in diseased states, advance the engineering of physiologically-relevant tissue models and provide biochemical clues for the design of therapeutic strategies. We review the applicability and limitations of the 2PEF microscope on the biophysical and molecular-level signatures of angiogenesis in various tissue models. Imaging techniques and strategies for best practices in 2PEF microscopy will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lee
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sathya Kannan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giridharan Muniraj
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinicius Rosa
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Feng Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerry Y H Fuh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong Cao
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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35
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Lang RT, Spring BQ. Two-photon peak molecular brightness spectra reveal long-wavelength enhancements of multiplexed imaging depth and photostability. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:5909-5919. [PMID: 34692224 PMCID: PMC8515958 DOI: 10.1364/boe.433989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The broad use of two-photon microscopy has been enabled in part by Ti:Sapphire femtosecond lasers, which offer a wavelength-tunable source of pulsed excitation. Action spectra have thus been primarily reported for the tunable range of Ti:Sapphire lasers (∼700-1000 nm). However, longer wavelengths offer deeper imaging in tissue via reduced scattering and spectral dips in water absorption, and new generations of pulsed lasers offer wider tunable ranges. We present the peak molecular brightness spectra for eight Alexa Fluor dyes between 700-1300 nm as a first-order surrogate for action spectra measured with an unmodified commercial microscope, which reveal overlapping long-wavelength excitation peaks with potential for multiplexed excitation. We demonstrate simultaneous single-wavelength excitation of six spectrally overlapping fluorophores using either short (∼790 nm) or long (∼1090 nm) wavelengths, and that the newly characterized excitation peaks measured past 1000 nm offer improved photostability and enhanced fidelity of linear spectral unmixing at depth compared to shorter wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T. Lang
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bryan Q. Spring
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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36
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Hsiao YT, Huang YF, Borah BJ, Chen SK, Sun CK. Single-laser-based simultaneous four-wavelength excitation source for femtosecond two-photon fluorescence microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4661-4679. [PMID: 34513216 PMCID: PMC8407803 DOI: 10.1364/boe.428771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multicolor labeling of biological samples with large volume is required for omic-level of study such as the construction of nervous system connectome. Among the various imaging method, two photon microscope has multiple advantages over traditional single photon microscope for higher resolution and could image large 3D volumes of tissue samples with superior imaging depth. However, the growing number of fluorophores for labeling underlines the urgent need for an ultrafast laser source with the capability of providing simultaneous plural excitation wavelengths for multiple fluorophores. Here, we propose and demonstrate a single-laser-based four-wavelength excitation source for two-photon fluorescence microscopy. Using a sub-100 fs 1,070-nm Yb:fiber laser to pump an ultrashort nonlinear photonic crystal fiber in the low negative dispersion region, we introduced efficient self-phase modulation and acquired a blue-shifted spectrum dual-peaked at 812 and 960 nm with 28.5% wavelength conversion efficiency. By compressing the blue-shift near-IR spectrum to 33 fs to ensure the temporal overlap of the 812 and 960 nm peaks, the so-called sum frequency effect created the third virtual excitation wavelength effectively at 886 nm. Combined with the 1,070 nm laser source as the fourth excitation wavelength, the all-fiber-format four-wavelength excitation source enabled simultaneous four-color two-photon imaging in Brainbow AAV-labeled (TagBFP, mTFP, EYFP, and mCherry) brain samples. With an increased number of excitation wavelengths and improved excitation efficiency than typical commercial femtosecond lasers, our compact four-wavelength excitation approach can provide a versatile, efficient, and easily accessible solution for multiple-color two-photon fluorescence imaging in the field of neuroscience, biomolecular probing, and clinical applications with at least four spectrally-distinct fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bhaskar Jyoti Borah
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kuo Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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37
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Rakhymzhan A, Acs A, Hauser AE, Winkler TH, Niesner RA. Improvement of the Similarity Spectral Unmixing Approach for Multiplexed Two-Photon Imaging by Linear Dimension Reduction of the Mixing Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116046. [PMID: 34205072 PMCID: PMC8199868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-photon microscopy enables monitoring cellular dynamics and communication in complex systems, within a genuine environment, such as living tissues and, even, living organisms. Particularly, its application to understand cellular interactions in the immune system has brought unique insights into pathophysiologic processes in vivo. Simultaneous multiplexed imaging is required to understand the dynamic orchestration of the multiple cellular and non-cellular tissue compartments defining immune responses. Here, we present an improvement of our previously developed method, which allowed us to achieve multiplexed dynamic intravital two-photon imaging, by using a synergistic strategy. This strategy combines a spectrally broad range of fluorophore emissions, a wave-mixing concept for simultaneous excitation of all targeted fluorophores, and an unmixing algorithm based on the calculation of spectral similarities with previously measured fluorophore fingerprints. The improvement of the similarity spectral unmixing algorithm here described is based on dimensionality reduction of the mixing matrix. We demonstrate its superior performance in the correct pixel-based assignment of probes to tissue compartments labeled by single fluorophores with similar spectral fingerprints, as compared to the full-dimensional similarity spectral unmixing approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asylkhan Rakhymzhan
- Biophysical Analytics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (R.A.N.); Tel.: +49(0)30-28460-674 (A.R.); +49(0)30-838-466664 (R.A.N.)
| | - Andreas Acs
- Nicolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.A.); (T.H.W.)
| | - Anja E. Hauser
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas H. Winkler
- Nicolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.A.); (T.H.W.)
| | - Raluca A. Niesner
- Biophysical Analytics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (R.A.N.); Tel.: +49(0)30-28460-674 (A.R.); +49(0)30-838-466664 (R.A.N.)
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38
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Chou LT, Liu YC, Zhong DL, Lin WZ, Hung HH, Chan CJ, Chen ZP, Chia SH. Low noise, self-phase-modulation-enabled femtosecond fiber sources tunable in 740-1236 nm for wide two-photon fluorescence microscopy applications. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:2888-2901. [PMID: 34168906 PMCID: PMC8194626 DOI: 10.1364/boe.422668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated widely tunable Yb:fiber-based laser sources, aiming to replace Ti:sapphire lasers for the nJ-level ultrafast applications, especially for the uses of nonlinear light microscopy. We investigated the influence of different input parameters to obtain an expansive spectral broadening, enabled by self-phase modulation and further reshaped by self-steepening, in the normal dispersion regime before the fiber damage. We also discussed the compressibility and intensity fluctuations of the demonstrated pulses, to reach the transform-limited duration with a very low intensity noise. Most importantly, we have demonstrated clear two-photon fluorescence images from UV-absorbing fluorophores to deep red dye stains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Lin Zhong
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhong Lin
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsuan Hung
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jin Chan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Ping Chen
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsuan Chia
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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39
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Heaster TM, Heaton AR, Sondel PM, Skala MC. Intravital Metabolic Autofluorescence Imaging Captures Macrophage Heterogeneity Across Normal and Cancerous Tissue. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:644648. [PMID: 33959597 PMCID: PMC8093439 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.644648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are dynamic immune cells that govern both normal tissue function and disease progression. However, standard methods to measure heterogeneity in macrophage function within tissues require tissue excision and fixation, which limits our understanding of diverse macrophage function in vivo. Two-photon microscopy of the endogenous metabolic co-enzymes NAD(P)H and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) (metabolic autofluorescence imaging) enables dynamic imaging of mouse models in vivo. Here, we demonstrate metabolic autofluorescence imaging to assess cell-level macrophage heterogeneity in response to normal and cancerous tissue microenvironments in vivo. NAD(P)H and FAD fluorescence intensities and lifetimes were measured for both tissue-resident macrophages in mouse ear dermis and tumor-associated macrophages in pancreatic flank tumors. Metabolic and spatial organization of macrophages were determined by performing metabolic autofluorescence imaging and single macrophage segmentation in mice engineered for macrophage-specific fluorescent protein expression. Tumor-associated macrophages exhibited decreased optical redox ratio [NAD(P)H divided by FAD intensity] compared to dermal macrophages, indicating that tumor-associated macrophages are more oxidized than dermal macrophages. The mean fluorescence lifetimes of NAD(P)H and FAD were longer in dermal macrophages than in tumor-associated macrophages, which reflects changes in NAD(P)H and FAD protein-binding activities. Dermal macrophages had greater heterogeneity in optical redox ratio, NAD(P)H mean lifetime, and FAD mean lifetime compared to tumor-associated macrophages. Similarly, standard markers of macrophage phenotype (CD206 and CD86) assessed by immunofluorescence revealed greater heterogeneity in dermal macrophages compared to tumor-associated macrophages. Ultimately, metabolic autofluorescence imaging provides a novel tool to assess tissue-specific macrophage behavior and cell-level heterogeneity in vivo in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M. Heaster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Alexa R. Heaton
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Paul M. Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States
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40
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Buttolph ML, Mejooli MA, Sidorenko P, Eom CY, Schaffer CB, Wise FW. Synchronously pumped Raman laser for simultaneous degenerate and nondegenerate two-photon microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:2496-2507. [PMID: 33996243 PMCID: PMC8086478 DOI: 10.1364/boe.421647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon fluorescence microscopy is a nonlinear imaging modality frequently used in deep-tissue imaging applications. A tunable-wavelength multicolor short-pulse source is usually required to excite fluorophores with a wide range of excitation wavelengths. This need is most typically met by solid-state lasers, which are bulky, expensive, and complicated systems. Here, we demonstrate a compact, robust fiber system that generates naturally synchronized femtosecond pulses at 1050 nm and 1200 nm by using a combination of gain-managed and Raman amplification. We image the brain of a mouse and view the blood vessels, neurons, and other cell-like structures using simultaneous degenerate and nondegenerate excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Buttolph
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Menansili A. Mejooli
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Pavel Sidorenko
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chi-Yong Eom
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chris B. Schaffer
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Frank W. Wise
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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41
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Borile G, Sandrin D, Filippi A, Anderson KI, Romanato F. Label-Free Multiphoton Microscopy: Much More Than Fancy Images. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2657. [PMID: 33800802 PMCID: PMC7961783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has recently passed the milestone of its first 30 years of activity in biomedical research. The growing interest around this approach has led to a variety of applications from basic research to clinical practice. Moreover, this technique offers the advantage of label-free multiphoton imaging to analyze samples without staining processes and the need for a dedicated system. Here, we review the state of the art of label-free techniques; then, we focus on two-photon autofluorescence as well as second and third harmonic generation, describing physical and technical characteristics. We summarize some successful applications to a plethora of biomedical research fields and samples, underlying the versatility of this technique. A paragraph is dedicated to an overview of sample preparation, which is a crucial step in every microscopy experiment. Afterwards, we provide a detailed review analysis of the main quantitative methods to extract important information and parameters from acquired images using second harmonic generation. Lastly, we discuss advantages, limitations, and future perspectives in label-free multiphoton microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Borile
- Laboratory of Optics and Bioimaging, Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, 35127 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Deborah Sandrin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.S.); (A.F.)
- L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Filippi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Kurt I. Anderson
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Facility (CALM), The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK;
| | - Filippo Romanato
- Laboratory of Optics and Bioimaging, Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, 35127 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (D.S.); (A.F.)
- L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy
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42
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Guan H, Liang W, Li A, Gau YTA, Chen D, Li MJ, Bergles DE, Li X. Multicolor fiber-optic two-photon endomicroscopy for brain imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1093-1096. [PMID: 33649665 PMCID: PMC11214692 DOI: 10.1364/ol.412760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing activity patterns of distinct cell types during complex behaviors is essential to understand complex neural networks. It remains challenging to excite multiple fluorophores simultaneously so that different types of neurons can be imaged. In this Letter, we report a multicolor fiber-optic two-photon endomicroscopy platform in which two pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser and an optical parametric oscillator were synchronized and delivered through a single customized double-clad fiber to excite multiple chromophores. A third virtual wavelength could also be generated by spatial-temporal overlapping of the two pulses. The performance of the fiber-optic multicolor two-photon endomicroscope was demonstrated by in vivo imaging of a mouse cerebral cortex with "Brainbow" labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Guan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Wenxuan Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Yung-Tian A. Gau
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Defu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Ming-Jun Li
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York 14831, USA
| | - Dwight E. Bergles
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Xingde Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland 21205, USA
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43
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Rakhymzhan A, Acs A, Leben R, Winkler TH, Hauser AE, Niesner RA. Method for Multiplexed Dynamic Intravital Multiphoton Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2350:145-156. [PMID: 34331284 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1593-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intravital two-photon microscopy enables monitoring of cellular dynamics and communication of complex systems, in genuine environment-the living organism. Particularly, its application in understanding the immune system brought unique insights into pathophysiologic processes in vivo. Here we present a method to achieve multiplexed dynamic intravital two-photon imaging by using a synergistic strategy combining a spectrally broad range of fluorophore emissions, a wave-mixing concept for simultaneous excitation of all targeted fluorophores, and an effective unmixing algorithm based on the calculation of spectral similarities with previously acquired fluorophore fingerprints. Our unmixing algorithm allows us to distinguish 7 fluorophore signals corresponding to various cellular and tissue compartments by using only four detector channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asylkhan Rakhymzhan
- Biophysical Analytics, Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum - a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Acs
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruth Leben
- Biophysical Analytics, Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum - a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Immundynamics, Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum - a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Immundynamics and Intravital Microscopy, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca A Niesner
- Biophysical Analytics, Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum - a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany. .,Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Institute for Veterinary Physiology, Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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44
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Bares AJ, Mejooli MA, Pender MA, Leddon SA, Tilley S, Lin K, Dong J, Kim M, Fowell DJ, Nishimura N, Schaffer CB. Hyperspectral multiphoton microscopy for in vivo visualization of multiple, spectrally overlapped fluorescent labels. OPTICA 2020; 7:1587-1601. [PMID: 33928182 PMCID: PMC8081374 DOI: 10.1364/optica.389982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The insensitivity of multiphoton microscopy to optical scattering enables high-resolution, high-contrast imaging deep into tissue, including in live animals. Scattering does, however, severely limit the use of spectral dispersion techniques to improve spectral resolution. In practice, this limited spectral resolution together with the need for multiple excitation wavelengths to excite different fluorophores limits multiphoton microscopy to imaging a few, spectrally-distinct fluorescent labels at a time, restricting the complexity of biological processes that can be studied. Here, we demonstrate a hyperspectral multiphoton microscope that utilizes three different wavelength excitation sources together with multiplexed fluorescence emission detection using angle-tuned bandpass filters. This microscope maintains scattering insensitivity, while providing high enough spectral resolution on the emitted fluorescence and capitalizing on the wavelength-dependent nonlinear excitation of fluorescent dyes to enable clean separation of multiple, spectrally overlapping labels, in vivo. We demonstrated the utility of this instrument for spectral separation of closely-overlapped fluorophores in samples containing ten different colors of fluorescent beads, live cells expressing up to seven different fluorescent protein fusion constructs, and in multiple in vivo preparations in mouse cortex and inflamed skin with up to eight different cell types or tissue structures distinguished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Bares
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Menansili A. Mejooli
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mitchell A. Pender
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Scott A. Leddon
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Steven Tilley
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Karen Lin
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jingyuan Dong
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Deborah J. Fowell
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chris B. Schaffer
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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45
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Heaster TM, Humayun M, Yu J, Beebe DJ, Skala MC. Autofluorescence Imaging of 3D Tumor-Macrophage Microscale Cultures Resolves Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Macrophage Metabolism. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5408-5423. [PMID: 33093167 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages within the tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibit a spectrum of protumor and antitumor functions, yet it is unclear how the TME regulates this macrophage heterogeneity. Standard methods to measure macrophage heterogeneity require destructive processing, limiting spatiotemporal studies of function within the live, intact 3D TME. Here, we demonstrate two-photon autofluorescence imaging of NAD(P)H and FAD to nondestructively resolve spatiotemporal metabolic heterogeneity of individual macrophages within 3D microscale TME models. Fluorescence lifetimes and intensities of NAD(P)H and FAD were acquired at 24, 48, and 72 hours poststimulation for mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) stimulated with IFNγ or IL4 plus IL13 in 2D culture, confirming that autofluorescence measurements capture known metabolic phenotypes. To quantify metabolic dynamics of macrophages within the TME, mouse macrophages or human monocytes (RAW264.7 or THP-1) were cultured alone or with breast cancer cells (mouse polyoma-middle T virus or primary human IDC) in 3D microfluidic platforms. Human monocytes and mouse macrophages in tumor cocultures exhibited significantly different FAD mean lifetimes and greater migration than monocultures at 24, 48, and 72 hours postseeding. In cocultures with primary human cancer cells, actively migrating monocyte-derived macrophages had greater redox ratios [NAD(P)H/FAD intensity] compared with passively migrating monocytes at 24 and 48 hours postseeding, reflecting metabolic heterogeneity in this subpopulation of monocytes. Genetic analyses further confirmed this metabolic heterogeneity. These results establish label-free autofluorescence imaging to quantify dynamic metabolism, polarization, and migration of macrophages at single-cell resolution within 3D microscale models. This combined culture and imaging system provides unique insights into spatiotemporal tumor-immune cross-talk within the 3D TME. SIGNIFICANCE: Label-free metabolic imaging and microscale culture technologies enable monitoring of single-cell macrophage metabolism, migration, and function in the 3D tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M Heaster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mouhita Humayun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jiaquan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin. .,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin.,The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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46
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Leichner J, Lin WC. Advances in imaging and analysis of 4 fluorescent components through the rat cortical column. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 341:108792. [PMID: 32446942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunofluorescent staining coupled with axial optical sectioning allows for assessment of native three-dimensional structure of brain tissue. Typical challenges of analyzing network structure include limitations driven by magnification/field of view, spatial resolution, tissue thickness, staining quality of dense cell types, data quantifiability and the quantity of simultaneous staining targets. NEW METHOD This manuscript demonstrates many methodological advancements. Software-aided alignment of the cortical slice and stereotaxic atlas maximizes ROI-identification accuracy. Tissue compression during antigen retrieval enhances epitope availability without damaging tissue. A thorough factorial experiment focusing on Smi-311 staining highlights the enhancements in image quality from our extended staining protocol. Mosaic scanning techniques and subsequent four-channel alignment ensures high data quality. RESULTS Cortical column datasets [800μm x 3000μm x 70μm] utilizing sequential optical sectioning were successfully generated from three rats. Each rat provided three coronal sections in each of two regions, M1 and S1BF, from which data cubes were generated per hemisphere, totaling 36 high-magnification four-color datasets. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Typical confocal assessments of brain tissue do not utilize such thick tissue slices nor collect entire cortical columns from the cortical surface to the grey/white interface at a resolution that can map fine filamentous processes. The simultaneous collection of our four specific structural markers - neuronal, astrocytic, vascular and nuclear - is novel and the quantitative optimization of staining protocols through a factorial design rare. CONCLUSIONS Building upon this preliminary success in protocol development, future work will encompass volumetric modeling and quantitative analysis of regional network architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Leichner
- Biomedical Engineering Creative Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Wei-Chiang Lin
- Biomedical Engineering Creative Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
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47
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Shi W, Koo DES, Kitano M, Chiang HJ, Trinh LA, Turcatel G, Steventon B, Arnesano C, Warburton D, Fraser SE, Cutrale F. Pre-processing visualization of hyperspectral fluorescent data with Spectrally Encoded Enhanced Representations. Nat Commun 2020; 11:726. [PMID: 32024828 PMCID: PMC7002680 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperspectral fluorescence imaging is gaining popularity for it enables multiplexing of spatio-temporal dynamics across scales for molecules, cells and tissues with multiple fluorescent labels. This is made possible by adding the dimension of wavelength to the dataset. The resulting datasets are high in information density and often require lengthy analyses to separate the overlapping fluorescent spectra. Understanding and visualizing these large multi-dimensional datasets during acquisition and pre-processing can be challenging. Here we present Spectrally Encoded Enhanced Representations (SEER), an approach for improved and computationally efficient simultaneous color visualization of multiple spectral components of hyperspectral fluorescence images. Exploiting the mathematical properties of the phasor method, we transform the wavelength space into information-rich color maps for RGB display visualization. We present multiple biological fluorescent samples and highlight SEER’s enhancement of specific and subtle spectral differences, providing a fast, intuitive and mathematical way to interpret hyperspectral images during collection, pre-processing and analysis. Spectral phasor analysis allows unmixing fluorescence microscopy images, but it requires user involvement and has a limited number of labels that can be analyzed and displayed. Here the authors present a semi-automated solution to visualise multiple spectral components of hyperspectral fluorescence images, simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Daniel E S Koo
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Masahiro Kitano
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Hsiao J Chiang
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Le A Trinh
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Gianluca Turcatel
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital, 4661 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Keck School of Medicine and Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Steventon
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Cosimo Arnesano
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - David Warburton
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital, 4661 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Keck School of Medicine and Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott E Fraser
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Francesco Cutrale
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA. .,Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA. .,Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1002 West Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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48
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Perrin L, Bayarmagnai B, Gligorijevic B. Frontiers in Intravital Multiphoton Microscopy of Cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2020; 3:e1192. [PMID: 32368722 PMCID: PMC7197974 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is a highly complex disease which involves the co-operation of tumor cells with multiple types of host cells and the extracellular matrix. Cancer studies which rely solely on static measurements of individual cell types are insufficient to dissect this complexity. In the last two decades, intravital microscopy has established itself as a powerful technique that can significantly improve our understanding of cancer by revealing the dynamic interactions governing cancer initiation, progression and treatment effects, in living animals. This review focuses on intravital multiphoton microscopy (IV-MPM) applications in mouse models of cancer. Recent Findings IV-MPM studies have already enabled a deeper understanding of the complex events occurring in cancer, at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels. Multiple cells types, present in different tissues, influence cancer cell behavior via activation of distinct signaling pathways. As a result, the boundaries in the field of IV-MPM are continuously being pushed to provide an integrated comprehension of cancer. We propose that optics, informatics and cancer (cell) biology are co-evolving as a new field. We have identified four emerging themes in this new field. First, new microscopy systems and image processing algorithms are enabling the simultaneous identification of multiple interactions between the tumor cells and the components of the tumor microenvironment. Second, techniques from molecular biology are being exploited to visualize subcellular structures and protein activities within individual cells of interest, and relate those to phenotypic decisions, opening the door for "in vivo cell biology". Third, combining IV-MPM with additional imaging modalities, or omics studies, holds promise for linking the cell phenotype to its genotype, metabolic state or tissue location. Finally, the clinical use of IV-MPM for analyzing efficacy of anti-cancer treatments is steadily growing, suggesting a future role of IV-MPM for personalized medicine. Conclusion IV-MPM has revolutionized visualization of tumor-microenvironment interactions in real time. Moving forward, incorporation of novel optics, automated image processing, and omics technologies, in the study of cancer biology, will not only advance our understanding of the underlying complexities but will also leverage the unique aspects of IV-MPM for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisiane Perrin
- Department of BioengineeringTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | | | - Bojana Gligorijevic
- Department of BioengineeringTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Fox Chase Cancer CenterCancer Biology ProgramPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
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49
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Anderson CE, Johansen M, Erokwu BO, Hu H, Gu Y, Zhang Y, Kavran M, Vincent J, Drumm ML, Griswold MA, Steinmetz NF, Li M, Clark H, Darrah RJ, Yu X, Brady-Kalnay SM, Flask CA. Dynamic, Simultaneous Concentration Mapping of Multiple MRI Contrast Agents with Dual Contrast - Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19888. [PMID: 31882792 PMCID: PMC6934650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronous assessment of multiple MRI contrast agents in a single scanning session would provide a new "multi-color" imaging capability similar to fluorescence imaging but with high spatiotemporal resolution and unlimited imaging depth. This multi-agent MRI technology would enable a whole new class of basic science and clinical MRI experiments that simultaneously explore multiple physiologic/molecular events in vivo. Unfortunately, conventional MRI acquisition techniques are only capable of detecting and quantifying one paramagnetic MRI contrast agent at a time. Herein, the Dual Contrast - Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (DC-MRF) methodology was extended for in vivo application and evaluated by simultaneously and dynamically mapping the intra-tumoral concentration of two MRI contrast agents (Gd-BOPTA and Dy-DOTA-azide) in a mouse glioma model. Co-registered gadolinium and dysprosium concentration maps were generated with sub-millimeter spatial resolution and acquired dynamically with just over 2-minute temporal resolution. Mean tumor Gd and Dy concentration measurements from both single agent and dual agent DC-MRF studies demonstrated significant correlations with ex vivo mass spectrometry elemental analyses. This initial in vivo study demonstrates the potential for DC-MRF to provide a useful dual-agent MRI platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Anderson
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mette Johansen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bernadette O Erokwu
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - He Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuning Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael Kavran
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jason Vincent
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mitchell L Drumm
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mark A Griswold
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Heather Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Systems Bioanalysis and Chemical Imaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Darrah
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Francis Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Susann M Brady-Kalnay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chris A Flask
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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50
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McRae TD, Oleksyn D, Miller J, Gao YR. Robust blind spectral unmixing for fluorescence microscopy using unsupervised learning. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225410. [PMID: 31790435 PMCID: PMC6886781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the overlapping emission spectra of fluorophores, fluorescence microscopy images often have bleed-through problems, leading to a false positive detection. This problem is almost unavoidable when the samples are labeled with three or more fluorophores, and the situation is complicated even further when imaged under a multiphoton microscope. Several methods have been developed and commonly used by biologists for fluorescence microscopy spectral unmixing, such as linear unmixing, non-negative matrix factorization, deconvolution, and principal component analysis. However, they either require pre-knowledge of emission spectra or restrict the number of fluorophores to be the same as detection channels, which highly limits the real-world applications of those spectral unmixing methods. In this paper, we developed a robust and flexible spectral unmixing method: Learning Unsupervised Means of Spectra (LUMoS), which uses an unsupervised machine learning clustering method to learn individual fluorophores’ spectral signatures from mixed images, and blindly separate channels without restrictions on the number of fluorophores that can be imaged. This method highly expands the hardware capability of two-photon microscopy to simultaneously image more fluorophores than is possible with instrumentation alone. Experimental and simulated results demonstrated the robustness of LUMoS in multi-channel separations of two-photon microscopy images. We also extended the application of this method to background/autofluorescence removal and colocalization analysis. Lastly, we integrated this tool into ImageJ to offer an easy to use spectral unmixing tool for fluorescence imaging. LUMoS allows us to gain a higher spectral resolution and obtain a cleaner image without the need to upgrade the imaging hardware capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan D. McRae
- Multiphoton Research Core Facility, Shared Resource Laboratories, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - David Oleksyn
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Jim Miller
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Yu-Rong Gao
- Multiphoton Research Core Facility, Shared Resource Laboratories, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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