1
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Lim J, Park J, Lee W, Choi HJ. GSK4716 enhances 5-HT1AR expression by glucocorticoid receptor signaling in hippocampal HT22 cells. Neurol Res 2024; 46:398-405. [PMID: 38555524 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2024.2322180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptor 1A (5-HT1AR) is closely associated with serotonergic neurotransmission in the brain, being the most prevalent and widely distributed receptor of its kind. The purpose of this study is to investigate the regulation mechanism of 5-HT1AR by GSK4716. METHODS To investigate the mechanism of GSK4716-mediated 5-HT1AR regulation, we used hippocampus-derived HT22 cells expressing 5-HT1AR. The expression level of 5-HT1AR and associated proteins, were detected by reporter gene assay and western blotting. RESULTS GSK4716, an estrogen-related receptor gamma agonist increased 5-HT1AR expression by interacting with the GR, a repressor of 5-HT1AR transcription. Dexamethasone, a GR agonist, decreased the GSK4716-induced increase in 5-HT1AR, which was associated with an alteration in nuclear GR. Furthermore, GR antagonist RU486 reversed the effects induced by dexamethasone, including the elevation of nuclear GR levels and the reduction of 5-HT1AR transcription and expression. CONCLUSION The results could provide insight into the potential applications of small molecules, such as GSK4716, in the regulation of 5-HT1AR expression, which plays a role in serotonergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Lim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonwoong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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2
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Oliver T, Nguyen NY, Tully CB, McCormack NM, Sun CM, Fiorillo AA, Heier CR. The glucocorticoid receptor acts locally to protect dystrophic muscle and heart during disease. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050397. [PMID: 38770680 PMCID: PMC11139035 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Absence of dystrophin results in muscular weakness, chronic inflammation and cardiomyopathy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Pharmacological corticosteroids are the DMD standard of care; however, they have harsh side effects and unclear molecular benefits. It is uncertain whether signaling by physiological corticosteroids and their receptors plays a modifying role in the natural etiology of DMD. Here, we knocked out the glucocorticoid receptor (GR, encoded by Nr3c1) specifically in myofibers and cardiomyocytes within wild-type and mdx52 mice to dissect its role in muscular dystrophy. Double-knockout mice showed significantly worse phenotypes than mdx52 littermate controls in measures of grip strength, hang time, inflammatory pathology and gene expression. In the heart, GR deletion acted additively with dystrophin loss to exacerbate cardiomyopathy, resulting in enlarged hearts, pathological gene expression and systolic dysfunction, consistent with imbalanced mineralocorticoid signaling. The results show that physiological GR functions provide a protective role during muscular dystrophy, directly contrasting its degenerative role in other disease states. These data provide new insights into corticosteroids in disease pathophysiology and establish a new model to investigate cell-autonomous roles of nuclear receptors and mechanisms of pharmacological corticosteroids.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Mice, Knockout
- Dystrophin/metabolism
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Dystrophin/deficiency
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Mice
- Cardiomyopathies/pathology
- Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Systole/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinitee Oliver
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90048, USA
| | - Nhu Y. Nguyen
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Christopher B. Tully
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Nikki M. McCormack
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Christina M. Sun
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Alyson A. Fiorillo
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- Center for Inherited Muscle Research, Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Christopher R. Heier
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- Center for Inherited Muscle Research, Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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3
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Clarisse D, Van Moortel L, Van Leene C, Gevaert K, De Bosscher K. Glucocorticoid receptor signaling: intricacies and therapeutic opportunities. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:431-444. [PMID: 38429217 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a major nuclear receptor (NR) drug target for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and several cancers. Despite the effectiveness of GR ligands, their systemic action triggers a plethora of side effects, limiting long-term use. Here, we discuss new concepts of and insights into GR mechanisms of action to assist in the identification of routes toward enhanced therapeutic benefits. We zoom in on the communication between different GR domains and how this is influenced by different ligands. We detail findings on the interaction between GR and chromatin, and highlight how condensate formation and coregulator confinement can perturb GR transcriptional responses. Last, we discuss the potential of novel ligands and the therapeutic exploitation of crosstalk with other NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Clarisse
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Van Moortel
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chloé Van Leene
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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4
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Laulhé M, Kuhn E, Bouligand J, Amazit L, Perrot J, Lebigot E, Kamenickỷ P, Lombès M, Fagart J, Viengchareun S, Martinerie L. A novel mutation in the NR3C1 gene associated with reversible glucocorticoid resistance. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:284-295. [PMID: 38584335 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucocorticoid resistance is a rare endocrine disease caused by variants of the NR3C1 gene encoding the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). We identified a novel heterozygous variant (GRR569Q) in a patient with uncommon reversible glucocorticoid resistance syndrome. METHODS We performed ex vivo functional characterization of the variant in patient fibroblasts and in vitro through transient transfection in undifferentiated HEK 293T cells to assess transcriptional activity, affinity, and nuclear translocation. We studied the impact of the variant on the tertiary structure of the ligand-binding domain through 3D modeling. RESULTS The patient presented initially with an adrenal adenoma with mild autonomous cortisol secretion and undetectable adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) levels. Six months after surgery, biological investigations showed elevated cortisol and ACTH (urinary free cortisol 114 µg/24 h, ACTH 10.9 pmol/L) without clinical symptoms, evoking glucocorticoid resistance syndrome. Functional characterization of the GRR569Q showed decreased expression of target genes (in response to 100 nM cortisol: SGK1 control +97% vs patient +20%, P < .0001) and impaired nuclear translocation in patient fibroblasts compared to control. Similar observations were made in transiently transfected cells, but higher cortisol concentrations overcame glucocorticoid resistance. GRR569Q showed lower ligand affinity (Kd GRWT: 1.73 nM vs GRR569Q: 4.61 nM). Tertiary structure modeling suggested a loss of hydrogen bonds between H3 and the H1-H3 loop. CONCLUSION This is the first description of a reversible glucocorticoid resistance syndrome with effective negative feedback on corticotroph cells regarding increased plasma cortisol concentrations due to the development of mild autonomous cortisol secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Laulhé
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kuhn
- Unité Hypophyse, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris 75013, France
| | - Jérôme Bouligand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpital Bicêtre APHP Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
| | - Larbi Amazit
- UMS 44/Institut Biomédical du Val de Bièvre, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94276, France
| | - Julie Perrot
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Elise Lebigot
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Bicêtre APHP Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
| | - Peter Kamenickỷ
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital Bicêtre APHP Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre 94270, France
| | - Marc Lombès
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jérôme Fagart
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, BIOC, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Say Viengchareun
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laetitia Martinerie
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré APHP Nord, Paris 75019, France
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Paris 75006, France
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5
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de Jong MME, Chen L, Raaijmakers MHGP, Cupedo T. Bone marrow inflammation in haematological malignancies. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01003-x. [PMID: 38491073 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Tissue inflammation is a hallmark of tumour microenvironments. In the bone marrow, tumour-associated inflammation impacts normal niches for haematopoietic progenitor cells and mature immune cells and supports the outgrowth and survival of malignant cells residing in these niche compartments. This Review provides an overview of our current understanding of inflammatory changes in the bone marrow microenvironment of myeloid and lymphoid malignancies, using acute myeloid leukaemia and multiple myeloma as examples and highlights unique and shared features of inflammation in niches for progenitor cells and plasma cells. Importantly, inflammation exerts profoundly different effects on normal bone marrow niches in these malignancies, and we provide context for possible drivers of these divergent effects. We explore the role of tumour cells in inflammatory changes, as well as the role of cellular constituents of normal bone marrow niches, including myeloid cells and stromal cells. Integrating knowledge of disease-specific dynamics of malignancy-associated bone marrow inflammation will provide a necessary framework for future targeting of these processes to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelon M E de Jong
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lanpeng Chen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tom Cupedo
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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6
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Huang P, Sun R, Xu C, Jiang Z, Zuo M, Li Y, Liu R, Gong P, Han Y, Fang J, Li P, Shao C, Shi Y. Glucocorticoid activates STAT3 and NF-κB synergistically with inflammatory cytokines to enhance the anti-inflammatory factor TSG6 expression in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:70. [PMID: 38238297 PMCID: PMC10796730 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis. While GC is known to regulate the expression of genes related to inflammation in immune cells, the effects of GC, especially in the presence of inflammation, on non-immune cells remain largely unexplored. In particular, the impact of GC on inflammatory cytokine-induced immune modulatory responses of tissue stromal cells is unknown, though it has been widely used to modulate tissue injuries. Here we found that GC could enhance the expression of TSG6, a vital tissue repair effector molecule, in IFNγ and TNFα treated human umbilical cord (UC)-MSCs. NF-κB activation was found to be required for GC-augmented TSG6 upregulation. STAT3, but not STAT1, was also found to be required for the TSG6 upregulation in MSCs exposed to IFNγ, TNFα and GC. Moreover, the phosphorylation (activation) of STAT3 was attenuated when NF-κB was knocked down. Importantly, human UC-MSCs pretreated with a cocktail containing GC, IFNγ, and TNFα could significantly enhance the therapeutic effect of human UC-MSCs in an acute lung injury mouse model, as reflected by reduced infiltration of immune cells and down-regulation of iNOS in macrophages in the lung. Together, the findings reveal a novel link between GR, NF-κB and STAT3 in regulating the immunomodulatory and regenerative properties of MSCs, providing novel information for the understanding and treatment of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqing Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenchang Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Muqiu Zuo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Yinghong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Pixia Gong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuyi Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiankai Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Peishan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yufang Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, China.
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7
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Meyer M, Meijer O, Hunt H, Belanoff J, Lima A, de Kloet ER, Gonzalez Deniselle MC, De Nicola AF. Stress-induced Neuroinflammation of the Spinal Cord is Restrained by Cort113176 (Dazucorilant), A Specific Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1-14. [PMID: 37566177 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids exert antiinflammatory, antiproliferative and immunosupressive effects. Paradoxically they may also enhance inflammation particularly in the nervous system, as shown in Cushing´ syndrome and neurodegenerative disorders of humans and models of human diseases. ."The Wobbler mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis shows hypercorticoidism and neuroinflammation which subsided by treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulator Dazucorilant (CORT113176). This effect suggests that GR mediates the chronic glucocorticoid unwanted effects. We now tested this hypothesis using a chronic stress model resembling the condition of the Wobbler mouse Male NFR/NFR mice remained as controls or were subjected to a restraining / rotation stress protocol for 3 weeks, with a group of stressed mice receiving CORT113176 also for 3 weeks. We determined the mRNAS or reactive protein for the proinflamatory factors HMGB1, TLR4, NFkB, TNFα, markers of astrogliosis (GFAP, SOX9 and acquaporin 4), of microgliosis (Iba, CD11b, P2RY12 purinergic receptor) as well as serum IL1β and corticosterone. We showed that chronic stress produced high levels of serum corticosterone and IL1β, decreased body and spleen weight, produced microgliosis and astrogliosis and increased proinflammatory mediators. In stressed mice, modulation of the GR with CORT113176 reduced Iba + microgliosis, CD11b and P2RY12 mRNAs, immunoreactive HMGB1 + cells, GFAP + astrogliosis, SOX9 and acquaporin expression and TLR4 and NFkB mRNAs vs. stress-only mice. The effects of CORT113176 indicate that glucocorticoids are probably involved in neuroinflammation. Thus, modulation of the GR would become useful to dampen the inflammatory component of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Meyer
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Onno Meijer
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hazel Hunt
- Corcept Therapeutics, Menlo Park, Ca, USA
| | | | - Analia Lima
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Ronald de Kloet
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Claudia Gonzalez Deniselle
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F De Nicola
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Dept. of Human Biochemiistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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8
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Chen L, Fan X, Yang L, Han L, Wang N, Bian K. Research progress of glucocorticoid resistance in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36024. [PMID: 37986338 PMCID: PMC10659647 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is one of the common chronic inflammatory diseases in otolaryngology. Glucocorticoid (GC) acts as the first-line drug for the treatment of CRSwNP in clinical practice, and they play an irreplaceable role in reducing nasal mucosal inflammation and restoring the normal physiological function of the nasal mucosa. However, many patients are still insensitive to GC treatment, known as GC resistance, which leads to poor control of the disease, and the underlying mechanisms are still not fully elucidated. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress of GC resistance of patients with CRSwNP in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langlang Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Fourth Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Medicine College of Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Fourth Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lina Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Air Fourth Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lu Han
- Medicine College of Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Ningbo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Fourth Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ka Bian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Fourth Medical University, Xi’an, China
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9
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Pofi R, Caratti G, Ray DW, Tomlinson JW. Treating the Side Effects of Exogenous Glucocorticoids; Can We Separate the Good From the Bad? Endocr Rev 2023; 44:975-1011. [PMID: 37253115 PMCID: PMC10638606 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that 2% to 3% of the population are currently prescribed systemic or topical glucocorticoid treatment. The potent anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids to deliver therapeutic benefit is not in doubt. However, the side effects associated with their use, including central weight gain, hypertension, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and osteoporosis, often collectively termed iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, are associated with a significant health and economic burden. The precise cellular mechanisms underpinning the differential action of glucocorticoids to drive the desirable and undesirable effects are still not completely understood. Faced with the unmet clinical need to limit glucocorticoid-induced adverse effects alongside ensuring the preservation of anti-inflammatory actions, several strategies have been pursued. The coprescription of existing licensed drugs to treat incident adverse effects can be effective, but data examining the prevention of adverse effects are limited. Novel selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists and selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators have been designed that aim to specifically and selectively activate anti-inflammatory responses based upon their interaction with the glucocorticoid receptor. Several of these compounds are currently in clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy. More recently, strategies exploiting tissue-specific glucocorticoid metabolism through the isoforms of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase has shown early potential, although data from clinical trials are limited. The aim of any treatment is to maximize benefit while minimizing risk, and within this review we define the adverse effect profile associated with glucocorticoid use and evaluate current and developing strategies that aim to limit side effects but preserve desirable therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Pofi
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Giorgio Caratti
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LE, UK
| | - Jeremy W Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
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10
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Liang Y, Jiang Q, Zou H, Zhao J, Zhang J, Ren L. Withaferin A: A potential selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory effect. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113949. [PMID: 37467946 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have been widely applied to various clinical treatment, however some serious side effects may occur during the treatment. It is widely known that glucocorticoids produce a marked effect through binding to glucocorticoid receptor (GR). As withaferin A can provide multiple health benefits, this work aims to confirm withaferin A as a potential selective GR modulator with anti-inflammatory effect. Fluorescence polarization assay confirmed that withaferin A could steadily bind to GR with an IC50 value of 203.80 ± 0.36 μM. Meanwhile, glucocorticoid receptor translocation of withaferin A was measured by nuclear fractionation assay. Dual luciferase reporter assay showed that withaferin A did not activate GR transcription. Furthermore, withaferin A decreased the GR-related protein expression with less side effects. The result of molecular docking showed that hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions contributed to the binding of withaferin A with GR. In addition, the GR-withaferin A complex maintained a stable binding throughout the dynamics simulation process. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that withaferin A inhibited the production of cytokines, confirming its anti-inflammatory effect. These findings indicate that withaferin A is a potential selective GR modulator and this work may provide a research basis for developing dietary supplements and nutraceuticals against inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Qiuyan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Haoyang Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jingqi Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Li Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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11
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Bhimsaria D, Rodríguez-Martínez JA, Mendez-Johnson JL, Ghoshdastidar D, Varadarajan A, Bansal M, Daniels DL, Ramanathan P, Ansari AZ. Hidden modes of DNA binding by human nuclear receptors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4179. [PMID: 37443151 PMCID: PMC10345098 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human nuclear receptors (NRs) are a superfamily of ligand-responsive transcription factors that have central roles in cellular function. Their malfunction is linked to numerous diseases, and the ability to modulate their activity with synthetic ligands has yielded 16% of all FDA-approved drugs. NRs regulate distinct gene networks, however they often function from genomic sites that lack known binding motifs. Here, to annotate genomic binding sites of known and unexamined NRs more accurately, we use high-throughput SELEX to comprehensively map DNA binding site preferences of all full-length human NRs, in complex with their ligands. Furthermore, to identify non-obvious binding sites buried in DNA-protein interactomes, we develop MinSeq Find, a search algorithm based on the MinTerm concept from electrical engineering and digital systems design. The resulting MinTerm sequence set (MinSeqs) reveal a constellation of binding sites that more effectively annotate NR-binding profiles in cells. MinSeqs also unmask binding sites created or disrupted by 52,106 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with human diseases. By implicating druggable NRs as hidden drivers of multiple human diseases, our results not only reveal new biological roles of NRs, but they also provide a resource for drug-repurposing and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Bhimsaria
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India.
| | | | | | | | - Ashwin Varadarajan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Manju Bansal
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Danette L Daniels
- Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
- Foghorn Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Parameswaran Ramanathan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Aseem Z Ansari
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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12
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Deploey N, Van Moortel L, Rogatsky I, Peelman F, De Bosscher K. The Biologist's Guide to the Glucocorticoid Receptor's Structure. Cells 2023; 12:1636. [PMID: 37371105 PMCID: PMC10297449 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and functions as a glucocorticoid (GC)-responsive transcription factor. GR can halt inflammation and kill off cancer cells, thus explaining the widespread use of glucocorticoids in the clinic. However, side effects and therapy resistance limit GR's therapeutic potential, emphasizing the importance of resolving all of GR's context-specific action mechanisms. Fortunately, the understanding of GR structure, conformation, and stoichiometry in the different GR-controlled biological pathways is now gradually increasing. This information will be crucial to close knowledge gaps on GR function. In this review, we focus on the various domains and mechanisms of action of GR, all from a structural perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Deploey
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (N.D.); (L.V.M.); (F.P.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research (TNRR) Laboratory, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Van Moortel
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (N.D.); (L.V.M.); (F.P.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research (TNRR) Laboratory, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inez Rogatsky
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Center, New York, NY 10021, USA;
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Frank Peelman
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (N.D.); (L.V.M.); (F.P.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (N.D.); (L.V.M.); (F.P.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research (TNRR) Laboratory, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Wilk EJ, Howton TC, Fisher JL, Oza VH, Brownlee RT, McPherson KC, Cleary HL, Yoder BK, George JF, Mrug M, Lasseigne BN. Prioritized polycystic kidney disease drug targets and repurposing candidates from pre-cystic and cystic mouse Pkd2 model gene expression reversion. Mol Med 2023; 29:67. [PMID: 37217845 PMCID: PMC10201779 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most prevalent monogenic human diseases. It is mostly caused by pathogenic variants in PKD1 or PKD2 genes that encode interacting transmembrane proteins polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2). Among many pathogenic processes described in ADPKD, those associated with cAMP signaling, inflammation, and metabolic reprogramming appear to regulate the disease manifestations. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin receptor-2 antagonist that regulates cAMP pathway, is the only FDA-approved ADPKD therapeutic. Tolvaptan reduces renal cyst growth and kidney function loss, but it is not tolerated by many patients and is associated with idiosyncratic liver toxicity. Therefore, additional therapeutic options for ADPKD treatment are needed. METHODS As drug repurposing of FDA-approved drug candidates can significantly decrease the time and cost associated with traditional drug discovery, we used the computational approach signature reversion to detect inversely related drug response gene expression signatures from the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) database and identified compounds predicted to reverse disease-associated transcriptomic signatures in three publicly available Pkd2 kidney transcriptomic data sets of mouse ADPKD models. We focused on a pre-cystic model for signature reversion, as it was less impacted by confounding secondary disease mechanisms in ADPKD, and then compared the resulting candidates' target differential expression in the two cystic mouse models. We further prioritized these drug candidates based on their known mechanism of action, FDA status, targets, and by functional enrichment analysis. RESULTS With this in-silico approach, we prioritized 29 unique drug targets differentially expressed in Pkd2 ADPKD cystic models and 16 prioritized drug repurposing candidates that target them, including bromocriptine and mirtazapine, which can be further tested in-vitro and in-vivo. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results indicate drug targets and repurposing candidates that may effectively treat pre-cystic as well as cystic ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Wilk
- The Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Timothy C. Howton
- The Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Jennifer L. Fisher
- The Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Vishal H. Oza
- The Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Ryan T. Brownlee
- The Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University, Macon, GA USA
| | - Kasi C. McPherson
- The Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Hannah L. Cleary
- The Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Bradley K. Yoder
- The Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - James F. George
- The Department of Surgery, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Michal Mrug
- The Department of Medicine, HeersinkSchool of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Brittany N. Lasseigne
- The Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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14
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Wei C, Wang Y, Hu C. Bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation of the potential gene in the airway inflammation of steroid-resistant asthma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8098. [PMID: 37208441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid-resistant asthma is a troublesome clinical problem in public health. The pathogenesis of steroid-resistant asthma is complex and remains to be explored. In our work, the online Gene Expression Omnibus microarray dataset GSE7368 was used to explore differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between steroid-resistant asthma patients and steroid-sensitive asthma patients. Tissue-specific gene expression of DEGs was analyzed using BioGPS. The enrichment analyses were performed using GO, KEGG, and GSEA analysis. The protein-protein interaction network and key gene cluster were constructed using STRING, Cytoscape, MCODE, and Cytohubba. A steroid-resistant neutrophilic asthma mouse model was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ovalbumin (OVA). An LPS-stimulated J744A.1 macrophage model was prepared to validate the underlying mechanism of the interesting DEG gene using the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of 66 DEGs were identified, most of which were present in the hematologic/immune system. Enrichment analysis displayed that the enriched pathways were the IL-17 signaling pathway, MAPK signal pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and so on. DUSP2, as one of the top upregulated DEGs, has not been clearly demonstrated in steroid-resistant asthma. In our study, we observed that the salubrinal administration (DUSP2 inhibitor) reversed neutrophilic airway inflammation and cytokine responses (IL-17A, TNF-α) in a steroid-resistant asthma mouse model. We also found that salubrinal treatment reduced inflammatory cytokines (CXCL10 and IL-1β) in LPS-stimulated J744A.1 macrophages. DUSP2 may be a candidate target for the therapy of steroid-resistant asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Wei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Caratti G, Desgeorges T, Juban G, Stifel U, Fessard A, Koenen M, Caratti B, Théret M, Skurk C, Chazaud B, Tuckermann JP, Mounier R. Macrophagic AMPKα1 orchestrates regenerative inflammation induced by glucocorticoids. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55363. [PMID: 36520372 PMCID: PMC9900347 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key cells after tissue damage since they mediate both acute inflammatory phase and regenerative inflammation by shifting from pro-inflammatory to restorative cells. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most potent anti-inflammatory hormone in clinical use, still their actions on macrophages are not fully understood. We show that the metabolic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is required for GCs to induce restorative macrophages. GC Dexamethasone activates AMPK in macrophages and GC receptor (GR) phosphorylation is decreased in AMPK-deficient macrophages. Loss of AMPK in macrophages abrogates the GC-induced acquisition of their repair phenotype and impairs GC-induced resolution of inflammation in vivo during post-injury muscle regeneration and acute lung injury. Mechanistically, two categories of genes are impacted by GC treatment in macrophages. Firstly, canonical cytokine regulation by GCs is not affected by AMPK loss. Secondly, AMPK-dependent GC-induced genes required for the phenotypic transition of macrophages are co-regulated by the transcription factor FOXO3, an AMPK substrate. Thus, beyond cytokine regulation, GR requires AMPK-FOXO3 for immunomodulatory actions in macrophages, linking their metabolic status to transcriptional control in regenerative inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Caratti
- Institute of Comparative Molecular EndocrinologyUniversität UlmUlmGermany
| | - Thibaut Desgeorges
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217Université de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Gaëtan Juban
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217Université de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Ulrich Stifel
- Institute of Comparative Molecular EndocrinologyUniversität UlmUlmGermany
| | - Aurélie Fessard
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217Université de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Mascha Koenen
- Institute of Comparative Molecular EndocrinologyUniversität UlmUlmGermany
- Present address:
Laboratory of Molecular MetabolismThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Bozhena Caratti
- Institute of Comparative Molecular EndocrinologyUniversität UlmUlmGermany
| | - Marine Théret
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217Université de LyonLyonFrance
- Present address:
Department of Medical GeneticsSchool of Biomedical Engineering and the Biomedical Research CentreVancouverBCCanada
| | - Carsten Skurk
- Department of CardiologyCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Franklin/German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin/Institute of Health (BIH)BerlinGermany
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217Université de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Jan P Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular EndocrinologyUniversität UlmUlmGermany
| | - Rémi Mounier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217Université de LyonLyonFrance
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16
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Elhalag RH, Motawea KR, Talat NE, Rouzan SS, Shah J. Efficacy of vamorolone in treatment of Duchene muscle dystrophy. A meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1107474. [PMID: 36816559 PMCID: PMC9929286 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1107474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Recent studies evaluated the role of vamorolone in treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), so we aimed in our Meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of vamorolone in comparison with placebo and corticosteroids for treating DMD patients. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane library databases. We included any randomized control trials and controlled observational studies that investigated the role of vamorolone in treating DMD patients. We used RevMan software, version 5.4. to perform our meta-analysis. Results After a search of the literature, 4 studies were included in the meta-analysis; the total number of patients included in the study is 277 patients, 125 patients in the vamorolone group, 106 in the glucocorticoids group, and 46 in placebo (steroid naïve) group. The pooled analysis showed a statistically significant association between the vamorolone group and increased TTSTAND velocity, TTRW velocity and TTCLIMB velocity compared with the placebo group (MD = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.02-0.07, p = 0.002), (MD = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.11-0.37, p = 0.0003), and (MD = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.05-0.06, p < 0.00001), respectively. Also, the analysis showed a statistically significant association between vamorolone and increased TTRW velocity and increased Height percentile for age compared with the glucocorticoid group (MD = -0.14, 95% CI = -0.26 to -0.01, p = 0.03) and (MD = 17.82, 95% CI = 3.89-31.75, p = 0.01), respectively. Conclusion Our study revealed a significant association between vamorolone and increased TTSTAND velocity, TTRW velocity, and TTCLIMB velocity compared with the placebo (steroid naïve), also showed a statistically significant association between increased TTRW velocity and increased Height percentile for age compared with the glucocorticoid that enhances the privilege of vamorolone over glucocorticoid in treating DMD patients. More multicenter randomized studies are needed to support our results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samah S. Rouzan
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jaffer Shah
- New York State Department of Health, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Jaffer Shah ✉
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17
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Jeanneteau F, Meijer OC, Moisan MP. Structural basis of glucocorticoid receptor signaling bias. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13203. [PMID: 36221223 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dissociation between the healthy and toxic effects of cortisol, a major stress-responding hormone has been a widely used strategy to develop anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids with fewer side effects. Such strategy falls short when treating brain disorders as timing and activity state within large-scale neuronal networks determine the physiological and behavioral specificity of cortisol response. Advances in structural molecular dynamics posit the bases for engineering glucocorticoids with precision bias for select downstream signaling pathways. Design of allosteric and/or cooperative control for the glucocorticoid receptor could help promote the beneficial and reduce the deleterious effects of cortisol on brain and behavior in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Jeanneteau
- Institut de génomique fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Pinheiro EDS, Preato AM, Petrucci TVB, dos Santos LS, Glezer I. Phase-separation: a possible new layer for transcriptional regulation by glucocorticoid receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1160238. [PMID: 37124728 PMCID: PMC10145926 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1160238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are hormones involved in circadian adaptation and stress response, and it is also noteworthy that these steroidal molecules present potent anti-inflammatory action through GC receptors (GR). Upon ligand-mediated activation, GR translocates to the nucleus, and regulates gene expression related to metabolism, acute-phase response and innate immune response. GR field of research has evolved considerably in the last decades, providing varied mechanisms that contributed to the understanding of transcriptional regulation and also impacted drug design for treating inflammatory diseases. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in cellular processes represents a recent topic in biology that conceptualizes membraneless organelles and microenvironments that promote, or inhibit, chemical reactions and interactions of protein or nucleic acids. The formation of these molecular condensates has been implicated in gene expression control, and recent evidence shows that GR and other steroid receptors can nucleate phase separation (PS). Here we briefly review the varied mechanisms of transcriptional control by GR, which are largely studied in the context of inflammation, and further present how PS can be involved in the control of gene expression. Lastly, we consider how the reported advances on LLPS during transcription control, specially for steroid hormone receptors, could impact the different modalities of GR action on gene expression, adding a new plausible molecular event in glucocorticoid signal transduction.
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19
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Höllbacher B, Strickland B, Greulich F, Uhlenhaut NH, Heinig M. Machine learning reveals STAT motifs as predictors for GR-mediated gene repression. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1697-1710. [PMID: 36879886 PMCID: PMC9984779 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are potent immunosuppressive drugs, but long-term treatment leads to severe side-effects. While there is a commonly accepted model for GR-mediated gene activation, the mechanism behind repression remains elusive. Understanding the molecular action of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediated gene repression is the first step towards developing novel therapies. We devised an approach that combines multiple epigenetic assays with 3D chromatin data to find sequence patterns predicting gene expression change. We systematically tested> 100 models to evaluate the best way to integrate the data types and found that GR-bound regions hold most of the information needed to predict the polarity of Dex-induced transcriptional changes. We confirmed NF-κB motif family members as predictors for gene repression and identified STAT motifs as additional negative predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Höllbacher
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Munich 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Computer Science, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Benjamin Strickland
- Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan & ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Freising, Germany
| | - Franziska Greulich
- Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan & ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Freising, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology (IDE), Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - N Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan & ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Freising, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology (IDE), Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Heinig
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Munich 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Computer Science, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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20
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Interactions governing transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1941-1952. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20220338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The key players in transcriptional regulation are transcription factors (TFs), proteins that bind specific DNA sequences. Several mechanisms exist to turn TFs ‘on’ and ‘off’, including ligand binding which induces conformational changes within TFs, subsequently influencing multiple inter- and intramolecular interactions to drive transcriptional responses. Nuclear receptors are a specific family of ligand-regulated TFs whose activity relies on interactions with DNA, coregulator proteins and other receptors. These multidomain proteins also undergo interdomain interactions on multiple levels, further modulating transcriptional outputs. Cooperation between these distinct interactions is critical for appropriate transcription and remains an intense area of investigation. In this review, we report and summarize recent findings that continue to advance our mechanistic understanding of how interactions between nuclear receptors and diverse partners influence transcription.
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21
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DBP-iDWT: Improving DNA-Binding Proteins Prediction Using Multi-Perspective Evolutionary Profile and Discrete Wavelet Transform. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:2987407. [PMID: 36211019 PMCID: PMC9534628 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2987407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA-binding proteins (DBPs) have crucial biotic activities including DNA replication, recombination, and transcription. DBPs are highly concerned with chronic diseases and are used in the manufacturing of antibiotics and steroids. A series of predictors were established to identify DBPs. However, researchers are still working to further enhance the identification of DBPs. This research designed a novel predictor to identify DBPs more accurately. The features from the sequences are transformed by F-PSSM (Filtered position-specific scoring matrix), PSSM-DPC (Position specific scoring matrix-dipeptide composition), and R-PSSM (Reduced position-specific scoring matrix). To eliminate the noisy attributes, we extended DWT (discrete wavelet transform) to F-PSSM, PSSM-DPC, and R-PSSM and introduced three novel descriptors, namely, F-PSSM-DWT, PSSM-DPC-DWT, and R-PSSM-DWT. Onward, the training of the four models were performed using LiXGB (Light eXtreme gradient boosting), XGB (eXtreme gradient boosting, ERT (extremely randomized trees), and Adaboost. LiXGB with R-PSSM-DWT has attained 6.55% higher accuracy on training and 5.93% on testing dataset than the best existing predictors. The results reveal the excellent performance of our novel predictor over the past studies. DBP-iDWT would be fruitful for establishing more operative therapeutic strategies for fatal disease treatment.
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22
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Chen BY, Liou JC, Wu JL, Chen CH, Yang SL. Photoreceptor and vision protective effects of astragaloside IV in mice model with light-evoked retinal damage. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Estupiñán-Moreno E, Ortiz-Fernández L, Li T, Hernández-Rodríguez J, Ciudad L, Andrés-León E, Terron-Camero LC, Prieto-González S, Espígol-Frigolé G, Cid MC, Márquez A, Ballestar E, Martín J. Methylome and transcriptome profiling of giant cell arteritis monocytes reveals novel pathways involved in disease pathogenesis and molecular response to glucocorticoids. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:1290-1300. [PMID: 35705375 PMCID: PMC9380516 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-222156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a complex systemic vasculitis mediated by the interplay between both genetic and epigenetic factors. Monocytes are crucial players of the inflammation occurring in GCA. Therefore, characterisation of the monocyte methylome and transcriptome in GCA would be helpful to better understand disease pathogenesis. METHODS We performed an integrated epigenome-and transcriptome-wide association study in CD14+ monocytes from 82 patients with GCA, cross-sectionally classified into three different clinical statuses (active, in remission with or without glucocorticoid (GC) treatment), and 31 healthy controls. RESULTS We identified a global methylation and gene expression dysregulation in GCA monocytes. Specifically, monocytes from active patients showed a more proinflammatory phenotype compared with healthy controls and patients in remission. In addition to inflammatory pathways known to be involved in active GCA, such as response to IL-6 and IL-1, we identified response to IL-11 as a new pathway potentially implicated in GCA. Furthermore, monocytes from patients in remission with treatment showed downregulation of genes involved in inflammatory processes as well as overexpression of GC receptor-target genes. Finally, we identified changes in DNA methylation correlating with alterations in expression levels of genes with a potential role in GCA pathogenesis, such as ITGA7 and CD63, as well as genes mediating the molecular response to GC, including FKBP5, ETS2, ZBTB16 and ADAMTS2. CONCLUSION Our results revealed profound alterations in the methylation and transcriptomic profiles of monocytes from GCA patients, uncovering novel genes and pathways involved in GCA pathogenesis and in the molecular response to GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elkyn Estupiñán-Moreno
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ortiz-Fernández
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Tianlu Li
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ciudad
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Andrés-León
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Carmen Terron-Camero
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Prieto-González
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Espígol-Frigolé
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Cinta Cid
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Márquez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Martín
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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Van Moortel L, Thommis J, Maertens B, Staes A, Clarisse D, De Sutter D, Libert C, Meijer OC, Eyckerman S, Gevaert K, De Bosscher K. Novel assays monitoring direct glucocorticoid receptor protein activity exhibit high predictive power for ligand activity on endogenous gene targets. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113218. [PMID: 35709653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous glucocorticoids are widely used in the clinic for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and auto-immune diseases. Unfortunately, their use is hampered by many side effects and therapy resistance. Efforts to find more selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonists and modulators (called SEGRAMs) that are able to separate anti-inflammatory effects via gene repression from metabolic effects via gene activation, have been unsuccessful so far. In this study, we characterized a set of functionally diverse GR ligands in A549 cells, first using a panel of luciferase-based reporter gene assays evaluating GR-driven gene activation and gene repression. We expanded this minimal assay set with novel luciferase-based read-outs monitoring GR protein levels, GR dimerization and GR Serine 211 (Ser211) phosphorylation status and compared their outcomes with compound effects on the mRNA levels of known GR target genes in A549 cells and primary hepatocytes. We found that luciferase reporters evaluating GR-driven gene activation and gene repression were not always reliable predictors for effects on endogenous target genes. Remarkably, our novel assay monitoring GR Ser211 phosphorylation levels proved to be the most reliable predictor for compound effects on almost all tested endogenous GR targets, both driven by gene activation and repression. The integration of this novel assay in existing screening platforms running both in academia and industry may therefore boost chances to find novel GR ligands with an actual improved therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Van Moortel
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology (CMB), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jonathan Thommis
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology (CMB), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Brecht Maertens
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology (CMB), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - An Staes
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology (CMB), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dorien Clarisse
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology (CMB), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Delphine De Sutter
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology (CMB), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Claude Libert
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Sven Eyckerman
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology (CMB), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology (CMB), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology (CMB), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Henning P, Conaway HH, Lerner UH. Stimulation of osteoclast formation and bone resorption by glucocorticoids: Synergistic interactions with the calcium regulating hormones parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH) 2-vitamin D3. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 120:231-270. [PMID: 35953112 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a significant health problem, with skeletal fractures increasing morbidity and mortality. Excess glucocorticoids (GC) represents the leading cause of secondary osteoporosis. The first phase of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is increased bone resorption. In this Chapter, in vitro studies of the direct glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediated cellular effects of GC on osteoclasts to affect bone resorption and indirect effects on osteoblast lineage cells to increase the RANKL/OPG ratio and stimulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption are reviewed in detail, together with detailed descriptions of in vivo effects of GC in different portions of the skeleton in research animals and humans. Brief sections are devoted to contrasting functions of GC in osteonecrosis, vitamin D formation, in vitro and in vivo bone resorptive actions dependent on vitamin D receptor and vitamin D toxicity, as well as the molecular basis of GR action. Included are also more detailed assessments of the interactions of GC with the major calcium regulating hormones, 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone, describing the in vitro increases in RANKL/OPG ratios, osteoclastogenesis and synergistic bone resorption that occurs when GC is combined with either 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 or parathyroid hormone. Additionally, a molecular basic for the synergistic interaction of GC with 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 is provided along with a suggested molecular basic for the interaction between GC and parathyroid hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Henning
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Herschel Conaway
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Ulf H Lerner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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26
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Portuguez AS, Grbesa I, Tal M, Deitch R, Raz D, Kliker L, Weismann R, Schwartz M, Loza O, Cohen L, Marchenkov-Flam L, Sung MH, Kaplan T, Hakim O. Ep300 sequestration to functionally distinct glucocorticoid receptor binding loci underlie rapid gene activation and repression. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:6702-6714. [PMID: 35713523 PMCID: PMC9262608 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid transcriptional response to the transcription factor, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), including gene activation or repression, is mediated by the spatial association of genes with multiple GR binding sites (GBSs) over large genomic distances. However, only a minority of the GBSs have independent GR-mediated activating capacity, and GBSs with independent repressive activity were rarely reported. To understand the positive and negative effects of GR we mapped the regulatory environment of its gene targets. We show that the chromatin interaction networks of GR-activated and repressed genes are spatially separated and vary in the features and configuration of their GBS and other non-GBS regulatory elements. The convergence of the KLF4 pathway in GR-activated domains and the STAT6 pathway in GR-repressed domains, impose opposite transcriptional effects to GR, independent of hormone application. Moreover, the ROR and Rev-erb transcription factors serve as positive and negative regulators, respectively, of GR-mediated gene activation. We found that the spatial crosstalk between GBSs and non-GBSs provides a physical platform for sequestering the Ep300 co-activator from non-GR regulatory loci in both GR-activated and -repressed gene compartments. While this allows rapid gene repression, Ep300 recruitment to GBSs is productive specifically in the activated compartments, thus providing the basis for gene induction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moran Tal
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Building 206, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Rachel Deitch
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Building 206, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Dana Raz
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Building 206, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Limor Kliker
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Building 206, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ran Weismann
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Building 206, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Michal Schwartz
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Building 206, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Olga Loza
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Building 206, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Leslie Cohen
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Building 206, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Libi Marchenkov-Flam
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Building 206, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Myong-Hee Sung
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Tommy Kaplan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel,Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91121, Israel
| | - Ofir Hakim
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +972 3 738 4295; Fax: +972 3 738 4296;
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Ali F, Kumar H, Patil S, Kotecha K, Banjar A, Daud A. Target-DBPPred: An intelligent model for prediction of DNA-binding proteins using discrete wavelet transform based compression and light eXtreme gradient boosting. Comput Biol Med 2022; 145:105533. [PMID: 35447463 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
DNA-protein interaction is a critical biological process that performs influential activities, including DNA transcription and recombination. DBPs (DNA-binding proteins) are closely associated with different kinds of human diseases (asthma, cancer, and AIDS), while some of the DBPs are used in the production of antibiotics, steroids, and anti-inflammatories. Several methods have been reported for the prediction of DBPs. However, a more intelligent method is still highly desirable for the accurate prediction of DBPs. This study presents an intelligent computational method, Target-DBPPred, to improve DBPs prediction. Important features from primary protein sequences are investigated via a novel feature descriptor, called EDF-PSSM-DWT (Evolutionary difference formula position-specific scoring matrix-discrete wavelet transform) and several other multi-evolutionary methods, including F-PSSM (Filtered position-specific scoring matrix), EDF-PSSM (Evolutionary difference formula position-specific scoring matrix), PSSM-DPC (Position-specific scoring matrix-dipeptide composition), and Lead-BiPSSM (Lead-bigram-position specific scoring matrix) to encapsulate diverse multivariate features. The best feature set from the features of each descriptor is selected using sequential forward selection (SFS). Further, four models are trained using Adaboost, XGB (eXtreme gradient boosting), ERT (extremely randomized trees), and LiXGB (Light eXtreme gradient boosting) classifiers. LiXGB, with the best feature set of EDF-PSSM-DWT, has attained 6.69% and 15.07% higher performance in terms of accuracies using training and testing datasets, respectively. The obtained results verify the improved performance of our proposed predictor over the existing predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farman Ali
- Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shruti Patil
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India
| | - Ketan Kotecha
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India.
| | - Ameen Banjar
- Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Daud
- Key Laboratory of Oceanographic Big Data Mining & Application of Zhejiang Province, School of Information Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China; Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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28
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Strickland BA, Ansari SA, Dantoft W, Uhlenhaut NH. How to tame your genes: mechanisms of inflammatory gene repression by glucocorticoids. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2596-2616. [PMID: 35612756 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used therapeutic agents to treat a broad range of inflammatory conditions. Their functional effects are elicited by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which regulates transcription of distinct gene networks in response to ligand. However, the mechanisms governing various aspects of undesired side effects versus beneficial immunomodulation upon GR activation remain complex and incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss emerging models of inflammatory gene regulation by GR, highlighting GR's regulatory specificity conferred by context-dependent changes in chromatin architecture and transcription factor or co-regulator dynamics. GR controls both gene activation and repression, with the repression mechanism being central to favorable clinical outcomes. We describe current knowledge about 3D genome organization and its role in spatiotemporal transcriptional control by GR. Looking beyond, we summarize the evidence for dynamics in gene regulation by GR through cooperative convergence of epigenetic modifications, transcription factor crosstalk, molecular condensate formation and chromatin looping. Further characterizing these genomic events will reframe our understanding of mechanisms of transcriptional repression by GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Strickland
- Metabolic Programming, Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM), School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Suhail A Ansari
- Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology (IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Widad Dantoft
- Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology (IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - N Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Metabolic Programming, Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM), School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology (IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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Luo Z, Dong J, Wu J. Impact of Icariin and its derivatives on inflammatory diseases and relevant signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108861. [PMID: 35597118 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herba Epimedii is a famous herb collected from China and Korea. It has been used for impotency, osteoporosis, and amnestic treatment for thousands of years. Icariin, a typical flavonoid compound isolated from Herba Epimedii, was reported as a potential anti-inflammatory drug. Icariside and icaritin are the two metabolites of icariin. Icariin and its metabolites have been used to treat a wide range of inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, depression, osteoarthritis, and asthma. They exert powerful suppression of proinflammatory signaling, such as NF-κB and MAPKs. More importantly, they can upregulate anti-inflammatory signaling, such as GR and Nrf2. In this study, we review the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of icariin and its metabolites in inflammatory diseases and provide novel insights into these potential anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyu Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
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30
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Hunter AL, Poolman TM, Kim D, Gonzalez FJ, Bechtold DA, Loudon ASI, Iqbal M, Ray DW. HNF4A modulates glucocorticoid action in the liver. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110697. [PMID: 35443180 PMCID: PMC9380254 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a nuclear receptor critical to the regulation of energy metabolism and inflammation. The actions of GR are dependent on cell type and context. Here, we demonstrate the role of liver lineage-determining factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A (HNF4A) in defining liver specificity of GR action. In mouse liver, the HNF4A motif lies adjacent to the glucocorticoid response element (GRE) at GR binding sites within regions of open chromatin. In the absence of HNF4A, the liver GR cistrome is remodeled, with loss and gain of GR recruitment evident. Loss of chromatin accessibility at HNF4A-marked sites associates with loss of GR binding at weak GRE motifs. GR binding and chromatin accessibility are gained at sites characterized by strong GRE motifs, which show GR recruitment in non-liver tissues. The functional importance of these HNF4A-regulated GR sites is indicated by an altered transcriptional response to glucocorticoid treatment in the Hnf4a-null liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Louise Hunter
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Toryn M Poolman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David A Bechtold
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrew S I Loudon
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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31
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Díez-Tercero L, Delgado LM, Perez RA. Modulation of Macrophage Response by Copper and Magnesium Ions in Combination with Low Concentrations of Dexamethasone. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040764. [PMID: 35453514 PMCID: PMC9030383 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have been deemed crucial for correct tissue regeneration, which is a complex process with multiple overlapping phases, including inflammation. Previous studies have suggested that divalent ions are promising cues that can induce an anti-inflammatory response, since they are stable cues that can be released from biomaterials. However, their immunomodulatory potential is limited in a pro-inflammatory environment. Therefore, we investigated whether copper and magnesium ions combined with low concentrations of the anti-inflammatory drug, dexamethasone (dex), could have a synergistic effect in macrophage, with or without pro-inflammatory stimulus, in terms of morphology, metabolic activity and gene expression. Our results showed that the combination of copper and dex strongly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory markers, while the combination with magnesium upregulated the expression of IL-10. Moreover, in the presence of a pro-inflammatory stimulus, the combination of copper and dex induced a strong TNF-α response, suggesting an impairment of the anti-inflammatory actions of dex. The combination of magnesium and dex in the presence of a pro-inflammatory stimulus did not promote any improvement in comparison to dex alone. The results obtained in this study could be relevant for tissue engineering applications and in the design of platforms with a dual release of divalent ions and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Díez-Tercero
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain;
- Basic Science Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis M. Delgado
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain;
- Basic Science Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.D.); (R.A.P.); Tel.: +34-935042000 (L.M.D. & R.A.P.)
| | - Roman A. Perez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain;
- Basic Science Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.D.); (R.A.P.); Tel.: +34-935042000 (L.M.D. & R.A.P.)
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Pang JP, Hu XP, Wang YX, Liao JN, Chai X, Wang XW, Shen C, Wang JJ, Zhang LL, Wang XY, Zhu F, Weng QJ, Xu L, Hou TJ, Li D. Discovery of a novel nonsteroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator by virtual screening and bioassays. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2429-2438. [PMID: 35110698 PMCID: PMC8809242 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) have been widely used in the treatment of a broad range of inflammatory diseases, but their clinic use is limited by undesired side effects such as metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, skin and muscle atrophies, mood disorders and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression. Selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators (SGRMs) are expected to have promising anti-inflammatory efficacy but with fewer side effects caused by GCs. Here, we reported HT-15, a prospective SGRM discovered by structure-based virtual screening (VS) and bioassays. HT-15 can selectively act on the NF-κB/AP1-mediated transrepression function of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and repress the expression of pro-inflammation cytokines (i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and CCL-2) as effectively as dexamethasone (Dex). Compared with Dex, HT-15 shows less transactivation potency that is associated with the main adverse effects of synthetic GCs, and no cross activities with other nuclear receptors. Furthermore, HT-15 exhibits very weak inhibition on the ratio of OPG/RANKL. Therefore, it may reduce the side effects induced by normal GCs. The bioactive compound HT-15 can serve as a starting point for the development of novel therapeutics for high dose or long-term anti-inflammatory treatment.
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Roy R, Soldin SJ, Stolze B, Barbieri M, Tawalbeh SM, Rouhana N, Fronczek AE, Nagaraju K, van den Anker J, Dang UJ, Hoffman EP. Acute serum protein and cytokine response of single dose of prednisone in adult volunteers. Steroids 2022; 178:108953. [PMID: 35026285 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological glucocorticoids are the most prescribed anti-inflammatory medications, and are chemical variants of cortisol, the circadian and stress hormone. Both endogenous and pharmacological glucocorticoids bind the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) with high affinity, and both then bind downstream gene promoter elements (GRE) to drive positive gene transcription of many proteins. Glucocorticoid/GR complexes also bind distinct negative gene promoter elements (nGRE) to inhibit expression of genes involved in NF-κB innate immunity signaling. We sought to define the acute response of a single dose of prednisone (0.2 mg/kg) in young adult volunteers, with blood samples taken at baseline, 2, 3, 4 and 6 h post-oral dose. To control for circadian morning cortisol hitting the same molecular pathways, a day of blood draws was done without oral prednisone (same time of day), one day prior to drug day. Serum samples were processed for steroid hormone profiles (mass spectrometry; 9 steroidal hormones), proteomics (SOMAscan aptamer panels, 1,305 proteins), and inflammatory markers (Meso Scale Discovery; 10 pro-inflammatory cytokines). The pharmacological effect of the prednisone dose was shown by significant declines of adrenal steroids by 3 h after dosing. IL-10 showed drug-related increase to 4 hrs, then decrease to 6 hrs. IL-8 showed drug-related decrease in serum by 4 h, consistent with direct negative action of GR/ligand on IL-8 gene promoter. Proteomics data showed beta-2 microglobulin, TNFSF15, TSH, CST3, NBL1 to show time-related decreases with prednisone, while CXCL13 showed increases, although these require validation. In summary, a single low dose of prednisone leads to broad suppression of the adrenal axis within 3 h, and down-regulation of inflammatory serum proteins by 6 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runia Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Watson School of Engineering, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Steven J Soldin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Brian Stolze
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marissa Barbieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Shefa M Tawalbeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Watson School of Engineering, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Nicole Rouhana
- Decker College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton NY, United States
| | - Ann E Fronczek
- Decker College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton NY, United States
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | | | - Utkarsh J Dang
- Department of Health Outcomes and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Watson School of Engineering, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States.
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Jairath R, Raval NS, Musiek AC. SnapshotDx Quiz: January 2022. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Greulich F, Bielefeld KA, Scheundel R, Mechtidou A, Strickland B, Uhlenhaut NH. Enhancer RNA Expression in Response to Glucocorticoid Treatment in Murine Macrophages. Cells 2021; 11:28. [PMID: 35011590 PMCID: PMC8744892 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory drugs; however, their molecular mode of action remains complex and elusive. They bind to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a nuclear receptor that controls gene expression in almost all tissues in a cell type-specific manner. While GR's transcriptional targets mediate beneficial reactions in immune cells, they also harbor the potential of adverse metabolic effects in other cell types such as hepatocytes. Here, we have profiled nascent transcription upon glucocorticoid stimulation in LPS-activated primary murine macrophages using 4sU-seq. We compared our results to publicly available nascent transcriptomics data from murine liver and bioinformatically identified non-coding RNAs transcribed from intergenic GR binding sites in a tissue-specific fashion. These tissue-specific enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) correlate with target gene expression, reflecting cell type-specific glucocorticoid responses. We further associate GR-mediated eRNA expression with changes in H3K27 acetylation and BRD4 recruitment in inflammatory macrophages upon glucocorticoid treatment. In summary, we propose a common mechanism by which GR-bound enhancers regulate target gene expression by changes in histone acetylation, BRD4 recruitment and eRNA expression. We argue that local eRNAs are potential therapeutic targets downstream of GR signaling which may modulate glucocorticoid response in a cell type-specific way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Greulich
- Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; (F.G.); (R.S.); (B.S.)
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (IDO, IDC, IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich HMGU, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (K.A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Kirsten Adele Bielefeld
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (IDO, IDC, IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich HMGU, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (K.A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Ronny Scheundel
- Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; (F.G.); (R.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Aikaterini Mechtidou
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (IDO, IDC, IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich HMGU, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (K.A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Benjamin Strickland
- Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; (F.G.); (R.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Nina Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; (F.G.); (R.S.); (B.S.)
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (IDO, IDC, IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich HMGU, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (K.A.B.); (A.M.)
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Grossmann C, Almeida-Prieto B, Nolze A, Alvarez de la Rosa D. Structural and molecular determinants of mineralocorticoid receptor signalling. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:3103-3118. [PMID: 34811739 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) has evolved from a much-overlooked member of the steroid hormone receptor family to an important player, not only in volume and electrolyte homeostasis but also in pathological changes occurring in an increasing number of tissues, especially the renal and cardiovascular systems. Simultaneously, a wealth of information about the structure, interaction partners and chromatin requirements for genomic signalling of steroid hormone receptors became available. However, much of the information for the MR has been deduced from studies of other family members and there is still a lack of knowledge about MR-specific features in ligand binding, chromatin remodelling, co-factor interactions and general MR specificity-conferring mechanisms that can completely explain the differences in pathophysiological function between MR and its closest relative, the glucocorticoid receptor. This review aims to give an overview of the current knowledge of MR structure, signalling and co-factors modulating its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Grossmann
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Brian Almeida-Prieto
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alexander Nolze
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Diego Alvarez de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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37
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Structural insights into glucocorticoid receptor function. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2333-2343. [PMID: 34709368 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a steroid hormone-activated transcription factor that binds to various glucocorticoid response elements to up- or down- regulate the transcription of thousands of genes involved in metabolism, development, stress and inflammatory responses. GR consists of two domains enabling interaction with glucocorticoids, DNA response elements and coregulators, as well as a large intrinsically disordered region that mediates condensate formation. A growing body of structural studies during the past decade have shed new light on GR interactions, providing a new understanding of the mechanisms driving context-specific GR activity. Here, we summarize the established and emerging mechanisms of action of GR, primarily from a structural perspective. This minireview also discusses how the current state of knowledge of GR function may guide future glucocorticoid design with an improved therapeutic index for different inflammatory disorders.
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38
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Flynn BP, Birnie MT, Kershaw YM, Pauza AG, Kim S, Baek S, Rogers MF, Paterson AR, Stavreva DA, Murphy D, Hager GL, Lightman SL, Conway-Campbell BL. Corticosterone pattern-dependent glucocorticoid receptor binding and transcriptional regulation within the liver. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009737. [PMID: 34375333 PMCID: PMC8378686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultradian glucocorticoid rhythms are highly conserved across mammalian species, however, their functional significance is not yet fully understood. Here we demonstrate that pulsatile corticosterone replacement in adrenalectomised rats induces a dynamic pattern of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding at ~3,000 genomic sites in liver at the pulse peak, subsequently not found during the pulse nadir. In contrast, constant corticosterone replacement induced prolonged binding at the majority of these sites. Additionally, each pattern further induced markedly different transcriptional responses. During pulsatile treatment, intragenic occupancy by active RNA polymerase II exhibited pulsatile dynamics with transient changes in enrichment, either decreased or increased depending on the gene, which mostly returned to baseline during the inter-pulse interval. In contrast, constant corticosterone exposure induced prolonged effects on RNA polymerase II occupancy at the majority of gene targets, thus acting as a sustained regulatory signal for both transactivation and repression of glucocorticoid target genes. The nett effect of these differences were consequently seen in the liver transcriptome as RNA-seq analysis indicated that despite the same overall amount of corticosterone infused, twice the number of transcripts were regulated by constant corticosterone infusion, when compared to pulsatile. Target genes that were found to be differentially regulated in a pattern-dependent manner were enriched in functional pathways including carbohydrate, cholesterol, glucose and fat metabolism as well as inflammation, suggesting a functional role for dysregulated glucocorticoid rhythms in the development of metabolic dysfunction. Adrenal glucocorticoid hormones are released in a characteristic ultradian rhythm that becomes dysregulated during chronic stress, disease, or synthetic corticosteroid treatment. Metabolic dysfunction is a comorbidity associated with all these conditions, but the role that altered glucocorticoid dynamics play is unknown. As the liver is a major site of glucocorticoid action on metabolic homeostasis regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor, we have assessed how different patterns of hormone replacement in adrenalectomised rats differentially regulate gene pathways involved in type II diabetes, cirrhosis, and fatty liver development, via altering the pattern of glucocorticoid receptor binding to regulatory sites. We believe our findings have important implications for therapies that can reproduce the endogenous glucocorticoid rhythm and thus minimize adverse metabolic side-effects in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Flynn
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthew T. Birnie
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne M. Kershaw
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Audrys G. Pauza
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sohyoung Kim
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Songjoon Baek
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark F. Rogers
- Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alex R. Paterson
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Diana A. Stavreva
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Murphy
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon L. Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stafford L. Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Becky L. Conway-Campbell
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Frank F, Liu X, Ortlund EA. Glucocorticoid receptor condensates link DNA-dependent receptor dimerization and transcriptional transactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2024685118. [PMID: 34285072 PMCID: PMC8325269 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024685118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ligand-regulated transcription factor (TF) that controls the tissue- and gene-specific transactivation and transrepression of thousands of target genes. Distinct GR DNA-binding sequences with activating or repressive activities have been identified, but how they modulate transcription in opposite ways is not known. We show that GR forms phase-separated condensates that specifically concentrate known coregulators via their intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in vitro. A combination of dynamic, multivalent (between IDRs) and specific, stable interactions (between LxxLL motifs and the GR ligand-binding domain) control the degree of recruitment. Importantly, GR DNA binding directs the selective partitioning of coregulators within GR condensates such that activating DNAs cause enhanced recruitment of coactivators. Our work shows that condensation controls GR function by modulating coregulator recruitment and provides a mechanism for the up- and down-regulation of GR target genes controlled by distinct DNA recognition elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipp Frank
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Vettorazzi S, Nalbantoglu D, Gebhardt JCM, Tuckermann J. A guide to changing paradigms of glucocorticoid receptor function-a model system for genome regulation and physiology. FEBS J 2021; 289:5718-5743. [PMID: 34213830 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a bona fide ligand-regulated transcription factor. Cloned in the 80s, the GR has become one of the best-studied and clinically most relevant members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Cooperative activity of GR with other transcription factors and a plethora of coregulators contribute to the tissue- and context-specific response toward the endogenous and pharmacological glucocorticoids (GCs). Furthermore, nontranscriptional activities in the cytoplasm are emerging as an additional function of GR. Over the past 40 years, the concepts of GR mechanisms of action had been constantly changing. Different methodologies in the pregenomic and genomic era of molecular biological research and recent cutting-edge technology in single-cell and single-molecule analysis are steadily evolving the views, how the GR in particular and transcriptional regulation in general act in physiological and pathological processes. In addition to the development of technologies for GR analysis, the use of model organisms provides insights how the GR in vivo executes GC action in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and energy metabolism. The model organisms, namely the mouse, but also rats, zebrafish, and recently fruit flies carrying mutations of the GR became a major driving force to analyze the molecular function of GR in disease models. This guide provides an overview of the exciting research and paradigm shifts in the GR field from past to present with a focus on GR transcription factor networks, GR DNA-binding and single-cell analysis, and model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Vettorazzi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Germany
| | - Denis Nalbantoglu
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Germany
| | | | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Germany
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Grasso EM, Majumdar A, Wrabl JO, Frueh DP, Hilser VJ. Conserved allosteric ensembles in disordered proteins using TROSY/anti-TROSY R 2-filtered spectroscopy. Biophys J 2021; 120:2498-2510. [PMID: 33901472 PMCID: PMC8390865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining the role of intrinsic disorder in proteins in the myriad of biological processes with which it is involved represents a significant goal in modern biophysics. Toward this end, NMR is uniquely suited for molecular studies of dynamic and disordered regions, but studying these regions in concert with their more structured domains and binding partners presents spectroscopic challenges. Here, we investigate the interactions between the structured and disordered regions of the human glucocorticoid receptor (GR). To do this, we developed an NMR strategy that relies on a novel relaxation filter for the simultaneous study of structured and unstructured regions. Using this approach, we conducted a comparative analysis of three translational isoforms of GR containing a folded DNA-binding domain (DBD) and two disordered regions that flank the DBD, one of which varies in size in the different isoforms. Notably, we were able to assign resonances that had previously been inaccessible because of the spectral complexity of the translational isoforms, which in turn allowed us to 1) identify a region of the structured DBD that undergoes significant changes in the local chemical environment in the presence of the disordered region and 2) determine differences in the conformational ensembles of the disordered regions of the translational isoforms. Furthermore, an ensemble-based thermodynamic analysis of the isoforms reveals conserved patterns of stability within the N-terminal domain of GR that persist despite low sequence conservation. These studies provide an avenue for further investigations of the mechanistic underpinnings of the functional relevance of the translational isoforms of GR while also providing a general NMR strategy for studying systems containing both structured and disordered regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Grasso
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ananya Majumdar
- The Biomolecular NMR Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James O Wrabl
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dominique P Frueh
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vincent J Hilser
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Martins CS, de Castro M. Generalized and tissue specific glucocorticoid resistance. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 530:111277. [PMID: 33864884 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that influence several physiologic functions and are among the most frequently prescribed drugs worldwide. Resistance to GCs has been observed in the context of the familial generalized GC resistance (Chrousos' syndrome) or tissue specific GC resistance in chronic inflammatory states. In this review, we have summarized the major factors that influence individual glucocorticoid sensitivity/resistance. The fine-tuning of GC action is determined in a tissue-specific fashion that includes the combination of different GC receptor promoters, translation initiation sites, splice isoforms, interacting proteins, post-translational modifications, and alternative mechanisms of signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Silva Martins
- Department of Internal Medicine - Ribeirao Preto Medical School - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Margaret de Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine - Ribeirao Preto Medical School - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Sharma A. Inferring molecular mechanisms of dexamethasone therapy in severe COVID-19 from existing transcriptomic data. Gene 2021; 788:145665. [PMID: 33887367 PMCID: PMC8054526 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, has previously shown mortality benefit in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a randomized controlled trial. As the illness is considered to reflect a hyperinflammatory state, this therapeutic effectiveness is presumably ascribed to broad anti-inflammatory activities of glucocorticoids. Here, an unbiased analysis of available transcriptomic data on lung and blood immune cells from severe COVID-19 patients and matching cellular models of dexamethasone treatment is presented that supports this presumption. Comparison of differentially expressed genes in severe COVID-19 with that in dexamethasone treated cells reveals a small set of genes that are regulated in opposite direction between the disease and the drug, and are enriched for genes and processes related to glucocorticoid pathway and receptor binding. This expression signature differentiates as a whole various cytokines from a set of anti-cytokine/anti-inflammatory agents, with the former resembling COVID-19 and the latter dexamethasone in gene regulation. The signature apparently relates to TNF- α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ signaling, but not IL-6 signaling, suggesting that therapeutic effect of dexamethasone in COVID-19 does not involve IL-6 pathway. However, as all these observations are purely based on bioinformatic analysis, experimental evidence will be required to validate the inferences drawn. In conclusion, the present analysis seems to provide a proof of concept for therapeutic mechanisms of dexamethasone in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Genome-wide binding potential and regulatory activity of the glucocorticoid receptor's monomeric and dimeric forms. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1987. [PMID: 33790284 PMCID: PMC8012360 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A widely regarded model for glucocorticoid receptor (GR) action postulates that dimeric binding to DNA regulates unfavorable metabolic pathways while monomeric receptor binding promotes repressive gene responses related to its anti-inflammatory effects. This model has been built upon the characterization of the GRdim mutant, reported to be incapable of DNA binding and dimerization. Although quantitative live-cell imaging data shows GRdim as mostly dimeric, genomic studies based on recovery of enriched half-site response elements suggest monomeric engagement on DNA. Here, we perform genome-wide studies on GRdim and a constitutively monomeric mutant. Our results show that impairing dimerization affects binding even to open chromatin. We also find that GRdim does not exclusively bind half-response elements. Our results do not support a physiological role for monomeric GR and are consistent with a common mode of receptor binding via higher order structures that drives both the activating and repressive actions of glucocorticoids.
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45
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Glucocorticoid receptor dimerization in the cytoplasm might be essential for nuclear localization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 553:154-159. [PMID: 33773137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) plays an important role in steroid-dependent regulation of metabolism, development, and the immune response in humans. Although GR is known to be activated by the binding of glucocorticoid, the mechanism of action is poorly understood. We investigated dimerization of GR in the cytoplasm and nuclear trans-localization in response to treatment with the ligand dexamethasone. GFP-tagged GR and FLAG-tagged GR were co-expressed in COS-1 cells, and cell lysates were subjected to co-immunoprecipitation assay with anti-GFP antibody to determine their dimerization. FLAG-GR was co-precipitated with GFP-GR in the cytoplasmic fraction of COS-1 cells. Treatment with the GR agonist dexamethasone significantly decreased the cytoplasmic interaction between FLAG- and GFP-GR, and significantly increased interaction of the GRs in the nuclear fraction. The two amino acids, Pro625 and Ile628 known to be located in GR-GR dimer interface, were mutated to alanine and the influence of the mutation on dimerization, ligand-dependent nuclear localization, and transcriptional activities were determined. Mutant GR showed a dramatic decrease in interaction in the cytoplasmic fraction and no detectable nuclear translocation in the presence or absence of dexamethasone. Furthermore, luciferase assays showed that mutant GR showed no detectable transcriptional activation via the GR-responsive DNA element (GRE) compared to the wild-type. Our results suggest that GR exists as a dimer in the cytoplasm and this dimerization may be essential for GRE-mediated transcriptional activation following ligand binding.
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Chemical systems biology reveals mechanisms of glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:307-316. [PMID: 33510451 PMCID: PMC8783757 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00719-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids display remarkable anti-inflammatory activity, but their use is limited by on-target adverse effects including insulin resistance and skeletal muscle atrophy. We used a chemical systems biology approach, ligand class analysis, to examine ligands designed to modulate glucocorticoid receptor activity through distinct structural mechanisms. These ligands displayed diverse activity profiles, providing the variance required to identify target genes and coregulator interactions that were highly predictive of their effects on myocyte glucose disposal and protein balance. Their anti-inflammatory effects were linked to glucose disposal but not muscle atrophy. This approach also predicted selective modulation in vivo, identifying compounds that were muscle-sparing or anabolic for protein balance and mitochondrial potential. Ligand class analysis defined the mechanistic links between the ligand-receptor interface and ligand-driven physiological outcomes, a general approach that can be applied to any ligand-regulated allosteric signaling system.
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Ziemba M, Barkhouse M, Uaesoontrachoon K, Giri M, Hathout Y, Dang UJ, Gordish-Dressman H, Nagaraju K, Hoffman EP. Biomarker-focused multi-drug combination therapy and repurposing trial in mdx mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246507. [PMID: 33617542 PMCID: PMC7899329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is initiated by dystrophin deficiency, but downstream pathophysiological pathways such as membrane instability, NFĸB activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and induction of TGFβ fibrosis pathways are thought to drive the disability. Dystrophin replacement strategies are hopeful for addressing upstream dystrophin deficiency; however, all methods to date use semi-functional dystrophin proteins that are likely to trigger downstream pathways. Thus, combination therapies that can target multiple downstream pathways are important in treating DMD, even for dystrophin-replacement strategies. We sought to define blood pharmacodynamic biomarkers of drug response in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a series of repurposed drugs. Four-week-old mdx mice were treated for four weeks with four different drugs singly and in combination: vehicle, prednisolone, vamorolone, rituximab, β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) (11 treatment groups; n = 6/group). Blood was collected via cardiac puncture at study termination, and proteomic profiling was carried out using SOMAscan aptamer panels (1,310 proteins assayed). Prednisolone was tested alone and in combination with other drugs. It was found to have a good concordance of prednisolone-responsive biomarkers (56 increased by prednisolone, 39 decreased) focused on NFκB and TGFβ cascades. Vamorolone shared 45 (80%) of increased biomarkers and 13 (33%) of decreased biomarkers with prednisolone. Comparison of published human corticosteroid-responsive biomarkers to our mdx data showed 14% (3/22) concordance between mouse and human. Rituximab showed fewer drug-associated biomarkers, with the most significant being human IgG. On the other hand, BAIBA treatment (high and low dose) showed a drug-associated increase in 40 serum proteins and decreased 5 serum proteins. Our results suggest that a biomarker approach could be employed for assessing drug combinations in both mouse and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ziemba
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University–State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States of America
| | | | | | - Mamta Giri
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Yetrib Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University–State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States of America
| | - Utkarsh J. Dang
- Department of Health Outcomes and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University–State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States of America
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Center for Translational Sciences, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- AGADA Biosciences, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University–State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Eric P. Hoffman
- AGADA Biosciences, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University–State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States of America
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Palma-Gudiel H, Prather AA, Lin J, Oxendine JD, Guintivano J, Xia K, Rubinow DR, Wolkowitz O, Epel ES, Zannas AS. HPA axis regulation and epigenetic programming of immune-related genes in chronically stressed and non-stressed mid-life women. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 92:49-56. [PMID: 33221485 PMCID: PMC7897273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation has been associated with altered immune function, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, respond to the glucocorticoid end-products of the HPA axis (cortisol in humans) and could be involved in this neuroendocrine-immune crosstalk. Here we examined the extent to which variations in HPA axis regulation are associated with peripheral blood DNA (CpG) methylation changes in 57 chronically stressed caregivers and 67 control women. DNA methylation was determined with the Illumina 450k array for a panel of genes involved in HPA axis and immune function. HPA axis feedback was assessed with the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (DST), measuring the extent to which cortisol secretion is suppressed by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. After multiple testing correction in the entire cohort, higher post-DST cortisol, reflecting blunted HPA axis negative feedback, but not baseline waking cortisol, was associated with lower DNA methylation at eight TNF and two FKBP5 CpG sites. Caregiver group status was associated with lower methylation at two IL6 CpG sites. Since associations were most robust with TNF methylation (32% of the 450k-covered sites), we further examined functionality of this epigenetic signature in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 33 participants; intriguingly, lower TNF methylation resulted in higher ex vivo TNF mRNA following immune stimulation. Taken together, our findings link chronic stress and HPA axis regulation with epigenetic signatures at immune-related genes, thereby providing novel insights into how aberrant HPA axis function may contribute to heightened inflammation and disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Palma-Gudiel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aric A Prather
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jake D Oxendine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jerry Guintivano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kai Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David R Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Owen Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anthony S Zannas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Carolina Stress Initiative, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Lamorte S, Shinde R, McGaha TL. Nuclear receptors, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and macrophage function. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 78:100942. [PMID: 33451803 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are key regulators of innate immune responses and tissue homeostasis. Evidence indicates that NRs significantly impact steady-state immune regulation, uptake and processing of apoptotic cells, tolerance induction, and control of inflammatory immunity. In this review, we describe our current understanding of the NR activity for balancing inflammation and tolerance, the signaling cascade inducing the NR activation and functional responses, and different mechanisms of the NR-driven immune effects in the context of autoimmune diseases. We further describe the ligand-activated transcription factor the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) that exhibits analogous functionality. Moreover, we will discuss the putative role of NRs and AhR in immune regulation and disease pathogenesis providing a rationale for therapeutic targeting as a unique opportunities in the clinical management of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lamorte
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rahul Shinde
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tracy L McGaha
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Department of Immunology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Lambrou GI, Adamaki M, Hatziagapiou K, Vlahopoulos S. Gene Expression and Resistance to Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Brief Review and Update. Curr Drug Res Rev 2021; 12:131-149. [PMID: 32077838 DOI: 10.2174/2589977512666200220122650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to glucocorticoid (GC)-induced apoptosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), is considered one of the major prognostic factors for the disease. Prednisolone is a corticosteroid and one of the most important agents in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The mechanics of GC resistance are largely unknown and intense ongoing research focuses on this topic. AIM The aim of the present study is to review some aspects of GC resistance in ALL, and in particular of Prednisolone, with emphasis on previous and present knowledge on gene expression and signaling pathways playing a role in the phenomenon. METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted by the authors from 1994 to June 2019. Original articles and systematic reviews selected, and the titles and abstracts of papers screened to determine whether they met the eligibility criteria, and full texts of the selected articles were retrieved. RESULTS Identification of gene targets responsible for glucocorticoid resistance may allow discovery of drugs, which in combination with glucocorticoids may increase the effectiveness of anti-leukemia therapies. The inherent plasticity of clinically evolving cancer justifies approaches to characterize and prevent undesirable activation of early oncogenic pathways. CONCLUSION Study of the pattern of intracellular signal pathway activation by anticancer drugs can lead to development of efficient treatment strategies by reducing detrimental secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- George I Lambrou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Hatziagapiou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
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