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Navarro R, Frago S, Hangiu O, Erce-Llamazares A, Lázaro-Gorines R, Morcillo MA, Rodriguez-Peralto JL, Sanz L, Compte M, Alvarez-Vallina L. Pharmacokinetics and safety of LEAD-452, an EGFR-specific 4-1BB-agonistic trimerbody in non-human primates. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 487:116961. [PMID: 38740095 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
LEAD-452 is a humanized bispecific EGFR-targeted 4-1BB-agonistic trimerbody with a unique trimeric configuration compared to other 4-1BB-specific antibodies that are currently in development. Indeed, enhanced tumor-specific costimulation and very remarkable safety and efficacy profiles have been observed in mouse models. Here, we conducted for the first time a preclinical pharmacokinetic and toxicity study in non-human primates (NHP) (Macaca fascicularis). LEAD-452 exhibits comparable binding affinity for human and macaque targets, indicating its pharmacological significance for safety testing across species. The NHP were administered LEAD-452 in a series of ascending doses, ranging from 0.1 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg, and repeated doses up to 20 mg/kg. The administration of LEAD-452 was found to be clinically well tolerated, with no major related adverse effects observed. Furthermore, there have been no reported cases of liver toxicity, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia, which are commonly associated with treatments using conventional anti-4-1BB IgG-based antibodies. In addition, neither IgM nor IgG-based anti-drug antibodies were detected in serum samples from NHP during the study, regardless of the dose of LEAD-452 administered. These results support the clinical development of LEAD-452 for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Navarro
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Frago
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oana Hangiu
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain; Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Erce-Llamazares
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain; Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Lázaro-Gorines
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Morcillo
- Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Rodriguez-Peralto
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Cutaneous Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Compte
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Alvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Yin N, Li X, Zhang X, Xue S, Cao Y, Niedermann G, Lu Y, Xue J. Development of pharmacological immunoregulatory anti-cancer therapeutics: current mechanistic studies and clinical opportunities. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:126. [PMID: 38773064 PMCID: PMC11109181 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy represented by anti-PD-(L)1 and anti-CTLA-4 inhibitors has revolutionized cancer treatment, but challenges related to resistance and toxicity still remain. Due to the advancement of immuno-oncology, an increasing number of novel immunoregulatory targets and mechanisms are being revealed, with relevant therapies promising to improve clinical immunotherapy in the foreseeable future. Therefore, comprehending the larger picture is important. In this review, we analyze and summarize the current landscape of preclinical and translational mechanistic research, drug development, and clinical trials that brought about next-generation pharmacological immunoregulatory anti-cancer agents and drug candidates beyond classical immune checkpoint inhibitors. Along with further clarification of cancer immunobiology and advances in antibody engineering, agents targeting additional inhibitory immune checkpoints, including LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, CD47, and B7 family members are becoming an important part of cancer immunotherapy research and discovery, as are structurally and functionally optimized novel anti-PD-(L)1 and anti-CTLA-4 agents and agonists of co-stimulatory molecules of T cells. Exemplified by bispecific T cell engagers, newly emerging bi-specific and multi-specific antibodies targeting immunoregulatory molecules can provide considerable clinical benefits. Next-generation agents also include immune epigenetic drugs and cytokine-based therapeutics. Cell therapies, cancer vaccines, and oncolytic viruses are not covered in this review. This comprehensive review might aid in further development and the fastest possible clinical adoption of effective immuno-oncology modalities for the benefit of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhao Yin
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xintong Li
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xuanwei Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shaolong Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
- Institute of Disaster Medicine & Institute of Emergency Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Gaopeng Avenue, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Gabriele Niedermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site DKTK-Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - You Lu
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 2222, Xinchuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 2222, Xinchuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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3
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Rubio-Pérez L, Frago S, Compte M, Navarro R, Harwood SL, Lázaro-Gorines R, Gómez-Rosel M, Hangiu O, Silva-Pilipich N, Vanrell L, Smerdou C, Álvarez-Vallina L. Characterization of a Trispecific PD-L1 Blocking Antibody That Exhibits EGFR-Conditional 4-1BB Agonist Activity. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:34. [PMID: 38804302 PMCID: PMC11130918 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has changed the treatment paradigm for advanced solid tumors, but the overall response rates are still limited. The combination of checkpoint blockade with anti-4-1BB antibodies to stimulate tumor-infiltrating T cells has shown anti-tumor activity in human trials. However, the further clinical development of these antibodies has been hampered by significant off-tumor toxicities. Here, we generated an anti-4-1BB/EGFR/PD-L1 trispecific antibody consisting of a triple-targeting tandem trimerbody (TT) fused to an engineered silent Fc region. This antibody (IgTT-4E1-S) was designed to combine the blockade of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis with conditional 4-1BB costimulation specifically confined to the tumor microenvironment (TME). The antibody demonstrated simultaneous binding to purified EGFR, PD-L1, and 4-1BB in solution, effective blockade of the PD-L1/PD1 interaction, and potent 4-1BB-mediated costimulation, but only in the presence of EGFR-expressing cells. These results demonstrate the feasibility of IgTT-4E1-S specifically blocking the PD-L1/PD-1 axis and inducing EGFR-conditional 4-1BB agonist activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rubio-Pérez
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre (H12O), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-P.); (R.L.-G.); (M.G.-R.); (O.H.)
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Chair for Immunology UFV/Merck, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Frago
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, QUBE Technology Park, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain; (S.F.); (M.C.); (R.N.)
| | - Marta Compte
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, QUBE Technology Park, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain; (S.F.); (M.C.); (R.N.)
| | - Rocío Navarro
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, QUBE Technology Park, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain; (S.F.); (M.C.); (R.N.)
| | - Seandean L. Harwood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Rodrigo Lázaro-Gorines
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre (H12O), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-P.); (R.L.-G.); (M.G.-R.); (O.H.)
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Gómez-Rosel
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre (H12O), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-P.); (R.L.-G.); (M.G.-R.); (O.H.)
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oana Hangiu
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre (H12O), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-P.); (R.L.-G.); (M.G.-R.); (O.H.)
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, QUBE Technology Park, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain; (S.F.); (M.C.); (R.N.)
| | - Noelia Silva-Pilipich
- Division of DNA and RNA Medicine, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.S.-P.); (C.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA) and CCUN, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lucía Vanrell
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ORT Uruguay, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay;
- Nanogrow Biotech, Montevideo 11500, Uruguay
| | - Cristian Smerdou
- Division of DNA and RNA Medicine, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.S.-P.); (C.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA) and CCUN, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre (H12O), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.-P.); (R.L.-G.); (M.G.-R.); (O.H.)
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Chair for Immunology UFV/Merck, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Zhang H, Wang Q, Yalavarthi S, Pekar L, Shamnoski S, Hu L, Helming L, Zielonka S, Xu C. Development of a c-MET x CD137 bispecific antibody for targeted immune agonism in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2024; 39:100805. [PMID: 38492435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting the costimulatory receptor CD137 has shown promise as a therapeutic approach for cancer immunotherapy, resulting in anti-tumor efficacy demonstrated in clinical trials. However, the initial CD137 agonistic antibodies, urelumab and utomilumab, faced challenges in clinical trials due to the liver toxicity or lack of efficacy, respectively. Concurrently, c-MET has been identified as a highly expressed tumor-associated antigen (TAA) in various solid and soft tumors. METHODS In this study, we aimed to develop a bispecific antibody (BsAb) that targets both c-MET and CD137, optimizing the BsAb format and CD137 binder for efficient delivery of the CD137 agonist to the tumor microenvironment (TME). We employed a monovalent c-MET motif and a trimeric CD137 Variable Heavy domain of Heavy chain (VHH) for the BsAb design. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that the c-MET x CD137 BsAb provides co-stimulation to T cells through cross-linking by c-MET-expressing tumor cells. Functional immune assays confirmed the enhanced efficacy and potency of the c-MET x CD137 BsAb, as indicated by activation of CD137 signaling, target cell killing, and cytokine release in various tumor cell lines. Furthermore, the combination of c-MET x CD137 BsAb with Pembrolizumab showed a dose-dependent enhancement of target-induced T cell cytokine release. CONCLUSION Overall, the c-MET x CD137 BsAb exhibits a promising developability profile as a tumor-targeted immune agonist by minimizing off-target effects while effectively delivering immune agonism. It has the potential to overcome resistance to anti-PD-(L)1 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Research Unit Oncology, EMD Serono Research Center, 45 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Qun Wang
- Research Unit Oncology, EMD Serono Research Center, 45 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Sireesha Yalavarthi
- Research Unit Oncology, EMD Serono Research Center, 45 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Lukas Pekar
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Steven Shamnoski
- Research Unit Oncology, EMD Serono Research Center, 45 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Liufang Hu
- Research Unit Oncology, EMD Serono Research Center, 45 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Laura Helming
- Research Unit Oncology, EMD Serono Research Center, 45 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Chunxiao Xu
- Research Unit Oncology, EMD Serono Research Center, 45 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA.
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5
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Xu C, Zhou X, Webb L, Yalavarthi S, Zheng W, Saha S, Schweickhardt R, Soloviev M, Jenkins MH, Brandstetter S, Belousova N, Alimzhanov M, Rabinovich B, Deshpande AM, Brewis N, Helming L. M9657 Is a Bispecific Tumor-Targeted Anti-CD137 Agonist That Induces MSLN-Dependent Antitumor Immunity without Liver Inflammation. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:195-213. [PMID: 38091375 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The costimulatory receptor CD137 (also known as TNFRSF9 or 4-1BB) sustains effective cytotoxic T-cell responses. Agonistic anti-CD137 cancer immunotherapies are being investigated in clinical trials. Development of the first-generation CD137-agonist monotherapies utomilumab and urelumab was unsuccessful due to low antitumor efficacy mediated by the epitope recognized on CD137 or hepatotoxicity mediated by Fcγ receptors (FcγR) ligand-dependent CD137 activation, respectively. M9657 was engineered as a tetravalent bispecific antibody (mAb2) in a human IgG1 backbone with LALA mutations to reduce binding to FCγRs. Here, we report that M9657 selectively binds to mesothelin (MSLN) and CD137 with similar affinity in humans and cynomolgus monkeys. In a cellular functional assay, M9657 enhanced CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine release in the presence of tumor cells, which was dependent on both MSLN expression and T-cell receptor/CD3 activation. Both FS122m, a murine surrogate with the same protein structure as M9657, and chimeric M9657, a modified M9657 antibody with the Fab portion replaced with an anti-murine MSLN motif, demonstrated in vivo antitumor efficacy against various tumors in wild-type and human CD137 knock-in mice, and this was accompanied by activated CD8+ T-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. The antitumor immunity of M9657 and FS122m depended on MSLN expression density and the mAb2 structure. Compared with 3H3, a murine surrogate of urelumab, FS122m and chimeric M9657 displayed significantly lower on-target/off-tumor toxicity. Taken together, M9657 exhibits a promising profile for development as a tumor-targeting immune agonist with potent anticancer activity without systemic immune activation and associated hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Xu
- Research Unit Oncology, EMD Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Xueyuan Zhou
- Research Unit Oncology, EMD Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Lindsay Webb
- Research Unit Oncology, EMD Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts
| | | | - Wenxin Zheng
- Research Unit Oncology, EMD Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Somdutta Saha
- Research Unit Oncology, EMD Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Rene Schweickhardt
- Discovery and Development Technologies, EMD Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Soloviev
- Discovery and Development Technologies, EMD Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Molly H Jenkins
- Research Unit Oncology, EMD Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Neil Brewis
- F-star Therapeutics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Helming
- Research Unit Oncology, EMD Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts
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6
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Chen L, Qian W, Pan F, Li D, Yu W, Tong L, Yang Y, Xu Q, Ding J, Dai R, Xian W, Zhu X, Ren P, Zhu H. A trispecific antibody induces potent tumor-directed T-cell activation and antitumor activity by CD3/CD28 co-engagement. Immunotherapy 2024; 16:143-159. [PMID: 38126157 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2023-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: A novel CD19xCD3xCD28 trispecific antibody with a tandem single-chain variable fragments (scFv) structure was developed for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Methods: The trispecific antibody in inducing tumor-directed T-cell activation and cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo and compared with its bispecific counterpart BiTE-CD19xCD3 lacking a CD28-targeting domain. Results: The trispecific antibody with a co-stimulatory domain exhibited augmented T-cell activation and memory T-cell differentiation capability and it induced faster tumor cell lysis than the bispecific antibody. RNAseq analysis revealed that the trispecific antibody modulates CD3/TCR complex-derived signal and upregulates antiapoptotic factors to influence the survival of T cells. Conclusion: By CD3/CD28 co-engagement, the trispecific antibody demonstrated its advantages in T-cell immunity and potential use as a more powerful and long-lasting T-cell engager.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- CytoCares (Shanghai) Inc., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenjing Qian
- CytoCares (Shanghai) Inc., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fangfang Pan
- CytoCares (Shanghai) Inc., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Debin Li
- Novoprotein Scientific Inc., Wujiang Economic & Technological Development Zone, Suzhou, 215299, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- GemPharmatech Co., Ltd, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Li Tong
- PharmaLegacy Laboratories, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- CytoCares (Shanghai) Inc., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiming Xu
- CytoCares (Shanghai) Inc., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianfeng Ding
- Novoprotein Scientific Inc., Wujiang Economic & Technological Development Zone, Suzhou, 215299, China
| | - Ruixue Dai
- CytoCares (Shanghai) Inc., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weiwei Xian
- CytoCares (Shanghai) Inc., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xufeng Zhu
- Novoprotein Scientific Inc., Wujiang Economic & Technological Development Zone, Suzhou, 215299, China
| | - Pu Ren
- CytoCares (Shanghai) Inc., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huaxing Zhu
- CytoCares (Shanghai) Inc., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Novoprotein Scientific Inc., Wujiang Economic & Technological Development Zone, Suzhou, 215299, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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7
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Madsen AV, Pedersen LE, Kristensen P, Goletz S. Design and engineering of bispecific antibodies: insights and practical considerations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1352014. [PMID: 38333084 PMCID: PMC10850309 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1352014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) have attracted significant attention due to their dual binding activity, which permits simultaneous targeting of antigens and synergistic binding effects beyond what can be obtained even with combinations of conventional monospecific antibodies. Despite the tremendous therapeutic potential, the design and construction of bsAbs are often hampered by practical issues arising from the increased structural complexity as compared to conventional monospecific antibodies. The issues are diverse in nature, spanning from decreased biophysical stability from fusion of exogenous antigen-binding domains to antibody chain mispairing leading to formation of antibody-related impurities that are very difficult to remove. The added complexity requires judicious design considerations as well as extensive molecular engineering to ensure formation of high quality bsAbs with the intended mode of action and favorable drug-like qualities. In this review, we highlight and summarize some of the key considerations in design of bsAbs as well as state-of-the-art engineering principles that can be applied in efficient construction of bsAbs with diverse molecular formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas V. Madsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lasse E. Pedersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Steffen Goletz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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8
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Shinde SH, Sandeep, Pande AH. Polyvalency: an emerging trend in the development of clinical antibodies. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103846. [PMID: 38029835 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Medicine has benefited greatly from the development of monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology. First-generation mAbs have seen significant success in the treatment of major diseases, such as autoimmune, inflammation, cancer, infectious, and cardiovascular diseases. Developing next-generation antibodies with improved potency, safety, and non-natural characteristics is a booming field of mAb research. In this review, we discuss the significance of polyvalency and polyvalent antibodies, as well as important findings from preclinical studies and clinical trials involving polyvalent antibodies. We then review the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in inflammatory diseases and the need for polyvalent anti-TNF-α antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj H Shinde
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay H Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India.
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Jin X, Yi L, Wang X, Yan Z, Wei P, Yang B, Zhang H. Costimulatory capacity of CD137 mAbs on T cells depends on elaborate CRD structures but not on blocking ligand-receptor binding. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350493. [PMID: 37675596 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
CD137 is mainly a costimulatory receptor of CD8+ T cells. Two representative CD137 antibodies, utomilumab, and urelumab, show different costimulatory capacities in clinical trials. Balancing the antitumor effect and systemic toxicity of T cells activated by CD137 signaling is a challenge that requires clinical consideration. In this study, a panel of specific anti-human CD137 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were prepared and their affinities, isotypes, CD137-CRD (cysteine-rich domain) binding regions, cross-reactivity to mouse and rhesus CD137, inhibition of ligand-receptor binding and costimulatory activities were analyzed. The results showed that anti-human CD137 mAbs had high cross-reactivity with rhesus CD137. MAbs fell into three clusters according to their different binding regions of the CD137 extracellular domain. They bound to CRDI+CRDII, CRDIII or CRDIV+STP. CRDIII-binding mAbs had the strongest blocking activity. Highly costimulatory CD137 mAbs showed stronger abilities to promote CD8+ T-cell proliferation. However, the costimulatory capacity of mAbs on T cells was not closely related to their ability to block CD137L-CD137 binding and may be controlled by more elaborate CRD conformational structures. This study provides additional information for the development of next-generation CD137 mAbs to meet clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumour Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yi
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumour Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojue Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumour Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuohong Yan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumour Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Panjian Wei
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumour Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumour Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumour Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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10
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Dunn ZS, Qu Y, MacMullan M, Chen X, Cinay G, Wang P. Secretion of 4-1BB Ligand Crosslinked to PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibitor Potentiates Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Solid Tumor Efficacy. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:1145-1161. [PMID: 36851890 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has transformed the treatment of hematological malignancies but has yet to achieve similar success in solid tumors due to a lack of persistence and function in the tumor microenvironment. We previously reported the augmentation of CAR T cell therapy in an engineered solid tumor model through the secretion of anti-PD-1 single-chain fragment variable region (scFv), as shown by enhanced CAR T cell antitumor efficacy, expansion, and vitality. We have since improved the platform to create a superior cellular product-CAR T cells secreting single-chain trimeric 4-1BB ligand fused to anti-PD-1 scFv (αPD1-41BBL). 4-1BB signaling promotes cytotoxic T lymphocyte proliferation and survival but targeting 4-1BB with agonist antibodies in the clinic has been hindered by low antitumor activity and high toxicity. CAR T cells using 4-1BB endodomain for costimulatory signals have demonstrated milder antitumor response and longer persistence compared to CAR T cells costimulated by CD28 endodomain. We have, for the first time, engineered CD28-costimulated CAR T cells to secrete a fusion protein containing the soluble trimeric 4-1BB ligand. In vitro and in vivo, CAR19.αPD1-41BBL T cells exhibited reduced inhibitory receptor upregulation, enhanced persistence and proliferation, and a less differentiated memory status compared to CAR T cells without additional 4-1BB:4-1BBL costimulation. Accordingly, CAR19.αPD1-41BBL T cell-treated mice displayed significantly improved tumor growth control and overall survival. Spurred on by our preclinical success targeting CD19 as a model antigen, we produced mesothelin-targeting CAR T cells and confirmed the enhanced solid tumor efficacy of αPD1-41BBL-secreting CAR T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Dunn
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yun Qu
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Melanie MacMullan
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xianhui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gunce Cinay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pin Wang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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11
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Li Z, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Li P, Tang X. Self-Assembly Multivalent Fluorescence-Nanobody Coupled Multifunctional Nanomaterial with Colorimetric Fluorescence and Photothermal to Enhance Immunochromatographic Assay. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19359-19371. [PMID: 37782130 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The multimodal lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has provided accurate and reliable results for fast and immediate detection. Nonetheless, multimodal LFIA remains challenging to develop biosensors with high sensitivity and tolerance to matrix interference in agro-food. In this study, we developed a self-assembled multivalent fluorescence-nanobody (Nb26-EGFP-H6) with 16.5-fold and 30-fold higher affinity and sensitivity than a monovalent nanobody (Nb26). Based on the Nb26-EGFP-H6, we synthesized enhanced immune-probes Zn-CN@Nb26-EGFP-H6 by pyrolyzing and oxidizing an imidazolating zeolite framework-8 (ZIF-8) to obtain photothermal metal-carbon nanomaterials (Zn-CN) for immobilizing Nb26-EGFP-H6. The rough and porous structure of Zn-CN with a large surface area facilitates the enrichment and immobilization of antibodies. A trimodal lateral flow immunoassay (tLFIA) with colorimetric, fluorescent, and photothermal triple signal outputs was constructed for the detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in maize. Attractively, the Zn-CN-based tLFIA's multiplex guarantees accurate and sensitive detection of AFB1, with triple signal detection limits of 0.0012 ng/mL (colorimetric signals), 0.0094 ng/mL (fluorescent signals), and 0.252 ng/mL (photothermal signals). The sensitivity of the trimode immunosensor was 628-fold and 42-fold higher than that of the original Nb26-based ELISA (IC50) and the unimodal LFIA (LOD). This work provides an idea for constructing a sensitive, tolerant matrix and efficient and accurate analytical platform for rapidly detecting AFB1 in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Food Safety Research Institute, HuBei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Food Safety Research Institute, HuBei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Food Safety Research Institute, HuBei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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12
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Porębska N, Ciura K, Chorążewska A, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J, Opaliński Ł. Multivalent protein-drug conjugates - An emerging strategy for the upgraded precision and efficiency of drug delivery to cancer cells. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108213. [PMID: 37453463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
With almost 20 million new cases per year, cancer constitutes one of the most important challenges for public health systems. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, targeted anti-cancer strategies employ sophisticated therapeutics to precisely identify and attack cancer cells, limiting the impact of drugs on healthy cells and thereby minimizing the unwanted side effects of therapy. Protein drug conjugates (PDCs) are a rapidly growing group of targeted therapeutics, composed of a cancer-recognition factor covalently coupled to a cytotoxic drug. Several PDCs, mainly in the form of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that employ monoclonal antibodies as cancer-recognition molecules, are used in the clinic and many PDCs are currently in clinical trials. Highly selective, strong and stable interaction of the PDC with the tumor marker, combined with efficient, rapid endocytosis of the receptor/PDC complex and its subsequent effective delivery to lysosomes, is critical for the efficacy of targeted cancer therapy with PDCs. However, the bivalent architecture of contemporary clinical PDCs is not optimal for tumor receptor recognition or PDCs internalization. In this review, we focus on multivalent PDCs, which represent a rapidly evolving and highly promising therapeutics that overcome most of the limitations of current bivalent PDCs, enhancing the precision and efficiency of drug delivery to cancer cells. We present an expanding set of protein scaffolds used to generate multivalent PDCs that, in addition to folding into well-defined multivalent molecular structures, enable site-specific conjugation of the cytotoxic drug to ensure PDC homogeneity. We provide an overview of the architectures of multivalent PDCs developed to date, emphasizing their efficacy in the targeted treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Porębska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ciura
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chorążewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zakrzewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
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13
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Cirella A, Bolaños E, Luri-Rey C, Di Trani CA, Olivera I, Gomis G, Glez-Vaz J, Pinci B, Garasa S, Sánchez-Gregorio S, Azpilikueta A, Eguren-Santamaria I, Valencia K, Palencia B, Alvarez M, Ochoa MC, Teijeira Á, Berraondo P, Melero I. Intratumoral immunotherapy with mRNAs encoding chimeric protein constructs encompassing IL-12, CD137 agonists, and TGF-β antagonists. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:668-682. [PMID: 37650116 PMCID: PMC10462790 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Intratumoral immunotherapy strategies for cancer based on interleukin-12 (IL-12)-encoding cDNA and mRNA are under clinical development in combination with anti-PD-(L)1 monoclonal antibodies. To make the most of these approaches, we have constructed chimeric mRNAs encoding single-chain IL-12 fused to single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies that bind to transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and CD137 (4-1BB). Several neutralizing TGF-β agents and CD137 agonists are also undergoing early-phase clinical trials. To attain TGF-β and CD137 binding by the constructions, we used bispecific tandem scFv antibodies (taFvs) derived from the specific 1D11 and 1D8 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), respectively. Transfection of mRNAs encoding the chimeric constructs achieved functional expression of the proteins able to act on their targets. Upon mRNA intratumoral injections in the transplantable mouse cancer models CT26, MC38, and B16OVA, potent therapeutic effects were observed following repeated injections into the tumors. Efficacy was dependent on the number of CD8+ T cells able to recognize tumor antigens that infiltrated the malignant tissue. Although the abscopal effects on concomitant uninjected lesions were modest, such distant effects on untreated lesions were markedly increased when combined with systemic PD-1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Cirella
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elixabet Bolaños
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Luri-Rey
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Claudia Augusta Di Trani
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene Olivera
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gomis
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Glez-Vaz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatrice Pinci
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saray Garasa
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Sánchez-Gregorio
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arantza Azpilikueta
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Eguren-Santamaria
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karmele Valencia
- Program of Solid Tumors, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Palencia
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria C. Ochoa
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Teijeira
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 28027 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Del Cancer de La Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Nuffield Department of Medicine (NDM), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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14
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Shen X, Zhang R, Nie X, Yang Y, Hua Y, Lü P. 4-1BB Targeting Immunotherapy: Mechanism, Antibodies, and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2023; 38:431-444. [PMID: 37433196 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2023.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
4-1BB (CD137, TNFRSF9) is a type I transmembrane protein which binds its natural ligand, 4-1BBL. This interaction has been exploited to improve cancer immunotherapy. With ligand binding by 4-1BB, the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway is activated, which results in transcription of corresponding genes such as interleukin-2 and interferon-γ, as well as the induction of T cell proliferation and antiapoptotic signals. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies that target-4-1BB, for example, Urelumab and Utomilumab, are widely used in the treatments of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, and other solid tumors. Furthermore, 4-1BB as a costimulatory domain, for chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, improves T cell proliferation and survival as well as reduces T cell exhaustion. As such, a deeper understanding of 4-1BB will contribute to improvements in cancer immunotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current 4-1BB studies, with a focus on the use of targeting-4-1BB antibodies and 4-1BB activation domains in CAR-T cells for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Rusong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Nie
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ye Hua
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peng Lü
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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15
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Battin C, De Sousa Linhares A, Leitner J, Grossmann A, Lupinek D, Izadi S, Castilho A, Waidhofer-Söllner P, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Stritzker J, Steinberger P. Engineered soluble, trimerized 4-1BBL variants as potent immunomodulatory agents. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3029-3043. [PMID: 37310433 PMCID: PMC10412504 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Targeting co-stimulatory receptors promotes the activation and effector functions of anti-tumor lymphocytes. 4-1BB (CD137/TNFSF9), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFR-SF), is a potent co-stimulatory receptor that plays a prominent role in augmenting effector functions of CD8+ T cells, but also CD4+ T cells and NK cells. Agonistic antibodies against 4-1BB have entered clinical trials and shown signs of therapeutic efficacy. Here, we have used a T cell reporter system to evaluate various formats of 4-1BBL regarding their capacity to functionally engage its receptor. We found that a secreted 4-1BBL ectodomain harboring a trimerization domain derived from human collagen (s4-1BBL-TriXVIII) is a strong inducer of 4-1BB co-stimulation. Similar to the 4-1BB agonistic antibody urelumab, s4-1BBL-TriXVIII is very potent in inducing CD8+ and CD4+ T cell proliferation. We provide first evidence that s4-1BBL-TriXVIII can be used as an effective immunomodulatory payload in therapeutic viral vectors. Oncolytic measles viruses encoding s4-1BBL-TriXVIII significantly reduced tumor burden in a CD34+ humanized mouse model, whereas measles viruses lacking s4-1BBL-TriXVIII were not effective. Natural soluble 4-1BB ligand harboring a trimerization domain might have utility in tumor therapy especially when delivered to tumor tissue as systemic administration might induce liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Battin
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria; a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
- Loop Lab Bio GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika De Sousa Linhares
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria; a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
- Loop Lab Bio GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Grossmann
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria; a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
- Loop Lab Bio GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Lupinek
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria; a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
- Loop Lab Bio GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shiva Izadi
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Plant Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Castilho
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Plant Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Waidhofer-Söllner
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jochen Stritzker
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria; a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.
- Loop Lab Bio GmbH, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Glez-Vaz J, Azpilikueta A, Ochoa MC, Olivera I, Gomis G, Cirella A, Luri-Rey C, Álvarez M, Pérez-Gracia JL, Ciordia S, Eguren-Santamaria I, Alexandru R, Berraondo P, de Andrea C, Teijeira Á, Corrales F, Zapata JM, Melero I. CD137 (4-1BB) requires physically associated cIAPs for signal transduction and antitumor effects. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf6692. [PMID: 37595047 PMCID: PMC11044178 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
CD137 (4-1BB) is a member of the TNFR family that mediates potent T cell costimulatory signals upon ligation by CD137L or agonist monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). CD137 agonists attain immunotherapeutic antitumor effects in cancer mouse models, and multiple agents of this kind are undergoing clinical trials. We show that cIAP1 and cIAP2 are physically associated with the CD137 signaling complex. Moreover, cIAPs are required for CD137 signaling toward the NF-κB and MAPK pathways and for costimulation of human and mouse T lymphocytes. Functional evidence was substantiated with SMAC mimetics that trigger cIAP degradation and by transfecting cIAP dominant-negative variants. Antitumor effects of agonist anti-CD137 mAbs are critically dependent on the integrity of cIAPs in cancer mouse models, and cIAPs are also required for signaling from CARs encompassing CD137's cytoplasmic tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Glez-Vaz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arantza Azpilikueta
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María C. Ochoa
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy, Pathology and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Olivera
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gomis
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Asunta Cirella
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy, Pathology and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Luri-Rey
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Álvarez
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L. Pérez-Gracia
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy, Pathology and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, CNB-CSIC, Proteored-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Eguren-Santamaria
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy, Pathology and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raluca Alexandru
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy, Pathology and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos de Andrea
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy, Pathology and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Teijeira
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Corrales
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, CNB-CSIC, Proteored-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M. Zapata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIBm), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy, Pathology and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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17
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Salek-Ardakani S, Zajonc DM, Croft M. Agonism of 4-1BB for immune therapy: a perspective on possibilities and complications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228486. [PMID: 37662949 PMCID: PMC10469789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Costimulatory receptors on immune cells represent attractive targets for immunotherapy given that these molecules can increase the frequency of individual protective immune cell populations and their longevity, as well as enhance various effector functions. 4-1BB, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, also known as CD137 and TNFRSF9, is one such molecule that is inducible on several cell types, including T cells and NK cells. Preclinical studies in animal models have validated the notion that stimulating 4-1BB with agonist reagents or its natural ligand could be useful to augment conventional T cell and NK cell immunity to protect against tumor growth and against viral infection. Additionally, stimulating 4-1BB can enhance regulatory T cell function and might be useful in the right context for suppressing autoimmunity. Two human agonist antibodies to 4-1BB have been produced and tested in clinical trials for cancer, with variable results, leading to the production of a wealth of second-generation antibody constructs, including bi- and multi-specifics, with the hope of optimizing activity and selectivity. Here, we review the progress to date in agonism of 4-1BB, discuss the complications in targeting the immune system appropriately to elicit the desired activity, together with challenges in engineering agonists, and highlight the untapped potential of manipulating this molecule in infectious disease and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk M. Zajonc
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael Croft
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California (UC) San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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18
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Leitner J, Egerer R, Waidhofer-Söllner P, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Steinberger P. FcγR requirements and costimulatory capacity of Urelumab, Utomilumab, and Varlilumab. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1208631. [PMID: 37575254 PMCID: PMC10413977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1208631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Targeting costimulatory receptors of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily with agonistic antibodies is a promising approach in cancer immuno therapy. It is known that their efficacy strongly depends on FcγR cross-linking. Methods In this study, we made use of a Jurkat-based reporter platform to analyze the influence of individual FcγRs on the costimulatory activity of the 41BB agonists, Urelumab and Utomilumab, and the CD27 agonist, Varlilumab. Results We found that Urelumab (IgG4) can activate 41BB-NFκB signaling without FcγR cross-linking, but the presence of the FcγRs (CD32A, CD32B, CD64) augments the agonistic activity of Urelumab. The human IgG2 antibody Utomilumab exerts agonistic function only when crosslinked via CD32A and CD32B. The human IgG1 antibody Varlilumab showed strong agonistic activity with all FcγRs tested. In addition, we analyzed the costimulatory effects of Urelumab, Utomilumab, and Varlilumab in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Interestingly, we observed a very weak capacity of Varlilumab to enhance cytokine production and proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T cells. In the presence of Varlilumab the percentage of annexin V positive T cells was increased, indicating that this antibody mediated FcγR-dependent cytotoxic effects. Conclusion Collectively, our data underscore the importance to perform studies in reductionist systems as well as in primary PBMC samples to get a comprehensive understanding of the activity of costimulation agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ricarda Egerer
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Waidhofer-Söllner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Liu G, Luo P. Targeting CD137 (4-1BB) towards improved safety and efficacy for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1208788. [PMID: 37334375 PMCID: PMC10272836 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1208788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells play a critical role in antitumor immunity, where T cell activation is regulated by both inhibitory and costimulatory receptor signaling that fine-tune T cell activity during different stages of T cell immune responses. Currently, cancer immunotherapy by targeting inhibitory receptors such as CTLA-4 and PD-1/L1, and their combination by antagonist antibodies, has been well established. However, developing agonist antibodies that target costimulatory receptors such as CD28 and CD137/4-1BB has faced considerable challenges, including highly publicized adverse events. Intracellular costimulatory domains of CD28 and/or CD137/4-1BB are essential for the clinical benefits of FDA-approved chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapies. The major challenge is how to decouple efficacy from toxicity by systemic immune activation. This review focuses on anti-CD137 agonist monoclonal antibodies with different IgG isotypes in clinical development. It discusses CD137 biology in the context of anti-CD137 agonist drug discovery, including the binding epitope selected for anti-CD137 agonist antibody in competition or not with CD137 ligand (CD137L), the IgG isotype of antibodies selected with an impact on crosslinking by Fc gamma receptors, and the conditional activation of anti-CD137 antibodies for safe and potent engagement with CD137 in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We discuss and compare the potential mechanisms/effects of different CD137 targeting strategies and agents under development and how rational combinations could enhance antitumor activities without amplifying the toxicity of these agonist antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhong Liu
- Adagene Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
- Adagene (Suzhou) Limited., Suzhou, China
| | - Peter Luo
- Adagene Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
- Adagene (Suzhou) Limited., Suzhou, China
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20
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Dadas O, Ertay A, Cragg MS. Delivering co-stimulatory tumor necrosis factor receptor agonism for cancer immunotherapy: past, current and future perspectives. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147467. [PMID: 37180119 PMCID: PMC10167284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) and their receptors (TNFRSF) are important regulators of the immune system, mediating proliferation, survival, differentiation, and function of immune cells. As a result, their targeting for immunotherapy is attractive, although to date, under-exploited. In this review we discuss the importance of co-stimulatory members of the TNFRSF in optimal immune response generation, the rationale behind targeting these receptors for immunotherapy, the success of targeting them in pre-clinical studies and the challenges in translating this success into the clinic. The efficacy and limitations of the currently available agents are discussed alongside the development of next generation immunostimulatory agents designed to overcome current issues, and capitalize on this receptor class to deliver potent, durable and safe drugs for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Dadas
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ayse Ertay
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S. Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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21
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Hoffmann F, Fröhlich A, Sirokay J, de Vos L, Zarbl R, Dietrich J, Strieth S, Landsberg J, Dietrich D. DNA methylation of GITR, OX40, 4-1BB, CD27 , and CD40 correlates with BAP1 aberrancy and prognosis in uveal melanoma. Melanoma Res 2023; 33:116-125. [PMID: 36735464 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma represents an aggressive tumor that responds mostly poorly to established melanoma treatments. Comprehensive methylation profiling of the next-generation immunotherapeutic target genes, for example, members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, might allow for the development of companion predictive biomarkers. We have analyzed CpG sites within the immune checkpoint genes GITR, OX40, 4-1BB, CD 27, and CD40 probed by the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in N = 80 uveal melanomas included in The Cancer Genome Atlas with regard to BAP1 aberrancy, mRNA expression, and overall survival. In all analyzed immune checkpoint genes, BAP1 aberrancy was associated with decreased CpG methylation levels. We identified specific CpG sites that significantly correlated with BAP1 aberrancy, mRNA expression levels, and overall survival. Our results suggest epigenetic regulation of the analyzed immune checkpoint genes via DNA methylation in uveal melanoma and provide rationale for methylation testing in biomarker programs in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Romina Zarbl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörn Dietrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
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22
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Zhang T, Lin Y, Gao Q. Bispecific antibodies targeting immunomodulatory checkpoints for cancer therapy. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0002. [PMID: 36971124 PMCID: PMC10038071 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in antibody engineering have led to the generation of more innovative antibody drugs, such as bispecific antibodies (bsAbs). Following the success associated with blinatumomab, bsAbs have attracted enormous interest in the field of cancer immunotherapy. By specifically targeting two different antigens, bsAbs reduce the distance between tumor and immune cells, thereby enhancing tumor killing directly. There are several mechanisms of action upon which bsAbs have been exploited. Accumulating experience on checkpoint-based therapy has promoted the clinical transformation of bsAbs targeting immunomodulatory checkpoints. Cadonilimab (PD-1 × CTLA-4) is the first approved bsAb targeting dual inhibitory checkpoints, which confirms the feasibility of bsAbs in immunotherapy. In this review we analyzed the mechanisms by which bsAbs targeting immunomodulatory checkpoints and their emerging applications in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Youpei Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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23
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Manchanda Y, Bitsi S, Chen S, Broichhagen J, Bernardino de la Serna J, Jones B, Tomas A. Enhanced Endosomal Signaling and Desensitization of GLP-1R vs GIPR in Pancreatic Beta Cells. Endocrinology 2023; 164:7034684. [PMID: 36774542 PMCID: PMC10016038 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The incretin receptors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR), are prime therapeutic targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. They are expressed in pancreatic beta cells where they potentiate insulin release in response to food intake. Despite GIP being the main incretin in healthy individuals, GLP-1R has been favored as a therapeutic target due to blunted GIPR responses in T2D patients and conflicting effects of GIPR agonists and antagonists in improving glucose tolerance and preventing weight gain. There is, however, a recently renewed interest in GIPR biology, following the realization that GIPR responses can be restored after an initial period of blood glucose normalization and the recent development of dual GLP-1R/GIPR agonists with superior capacity for controlling blood glucose levels and weight. The importance of GLP-1R trafficking and subcellular signaling in the control of receptor outputs is well established, but little is known about the pattern of spatiotemporal signaling from the GIPR in beta cells. Here, we have directly compared surface expression, trafficking, and signaling characteristics of both incretin receptors in pancreatic beta cells to identify potential differences that might underlie distinct pharmacological responses associated with each receptor. Our results indicate increased cell surface levels, internalization, degradation, and endosomal vs plasma membrane activity for the GLP-1R, while the GIPR is instead associated with increased plasma membrane recycling, reduced desensitization, and enhanced downstream signal amplification. These differences might have potential implications for the capacity of each incretin receptor to control beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusman Manchanda
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stavroula Bitsi
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Shiqian Chen
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Chemical Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin 13125, Germany
| | | | - Ben Jones
- Correspondence: Alejandra Tomas, PhD, Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK, ; or Ben Jones, MD, PhD, Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK,
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Correspondence: Alejandra Tomas, PhD, Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK, ; or Ben Jones, MD, PhD, Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK,
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24
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Melero I, Sanmamed MF, Glez-Vaz J, Luri-Rey C, Wang J, Chen L. CD137 (4-1BB)-Based Cancer Immunotherapy on Its 25th Anniversary. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:552-569. [PMID: 36576322 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five years ago, we reported that agonist anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies eradicated transplanted mouse tumors because of enhanced CD8+ T-cell antitumor immunity. Mouse models indicated that anti-CD137 agonist antibodies synergized with various other therapies. In the clinic, the agonist antibody urelumab showed evidence for single-agent activity against melanoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma but caused severe liver inflammation in a fraction of the patients. CD137's signaling domain is included in approved chimeric antigen receptors conferring persistence and efficacy. A new wave of CD137 agonists targeting tumors, mainly based on bispecific constructs, are in early-phase trials and are showing promising safety and clinical activity. SIGNIFICANCE CD137 (4-1BB) is a costimulatory receptor of T and natural killer lymphocytes whose activity can be exploited in cancer immunotherapy strategies as discovered 25 years ago. Following initial attempts that met unacceptable toxicity, new waves of constructs acting agonistically on CD137 are being developed in patients, offering signs of clinical and pharmacodynamic activity with tolerable safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Glez-Vaz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Luri-Rey
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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25
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Maali A, Gholizadeh M, Feghhi-Najafabadi S, Noei A, Seyed-Motahari SS, Mansoori S, Sharifzadeh Z. Nanobodies in cell-mediated immunotherapy: On the road to fight cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1012841. [PMID: 36761751 PMCID: PMC9905824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1012841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is essential in recognizing and eliminating tumor cells. The unique characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as heterogeneity, reduced blood flow, hypoxia, and acidity, can reduce the efficacy of cell-mediated immunity. The primary goal of cancer immunotherapy is to modify the immune cells or the TME to enable the immune system to eliminate malignancies successfully. Nanobodies, known as single-domain antibodies, are light chain-free antibody fragments produced from Camelidae antibodies. The unique properties of nanobodies, including high stability, reduced immunogenicity, enhanced infiltration into the TME of solid tumors and facile genetic engineering have led to their promising application in cell-mediated immunotherapy. They can promote the cancer therapy either directly by bridging between tumor cells and immune cells and by targeting cancer cells using immune cell-bound nanobodies or indirectly by blocking the inhibitory ligands/receptors. The T-cell activation can be engaged through anti-CD3 and anti-4-1BB nanobodies in the bispecific (bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs)) and trispecific (trispecific T-cell engager (TriTEs)) manners. Also, nanobodies can be used as natural killer (NK) cell engagers (BiKEs, TriKEs, and TetraKEs) to create an immune synapse between the tumor and NK cells. Nanobodies can redirect immune cells to attack tumor cells through a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) incorporating a nanobody against the target antigen. Various cancer antigens have been targeted by nanobody-based CAR-T and CAR-NK cells for treating both hematological and solid malignancies. They can also cause the continuation of immune surveillance against tumor cells by stopping inappropriate inhibition of immune checkpoints. Other roles of nanobodies in cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy include reprogramming macrophages to reduce metastasis and angiogenesis, as well as preventing the severe side effects occurring in cell-mediated immunotherapy. Here, we highlight the critical functions of various immune cells, including T cells, NK cells, and macrophages in the TME, and discuss newly developed immunotherapy methods based on the targeted manipulation of immune cells and TME with nanobodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Maali
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Monireh Gholizadeh
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Noei
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sheila Seyed-Motahari
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Sharifzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Zahra Sharifzadeh,
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26
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Gao X, Yi L, Jiang C, Li S, Wang X, Yang B, Li W, Che N, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhang S. PCSK9 regulates the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy in lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1142428. [PMID: 37025995 PMCID: PMC10070680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1142428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) secreted by tumors was reported as a deleterious factor that led to the reduction of lymphocyte infiltration and the poorer efficacy of ICIs in vivo. This study aimed to explore whether PCSK9 expression in tumor tissue could predict the response of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and the synergistic antitumor effect of the combination of the PCSK9 inhibitor with the anti-CD137 agonist. One hundred fifteen advanced NSCLC patients who received anti-PD-1 immunotherapy were retrospectively studied with PCSK9 expression in baseline NSCLC tissues detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The mPFS of the PCSK9lo group was significantly longer than that of the PCSK9hi group [8.1 vs. 3.6 months, hazard ratio (HR): 3.450; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.166-5.496]. A higher objective response rate (ORR) and a higher disease control rate (DCR) were observed in the PCSK9lo group than in the PCSK9hi group (54.4% vs. 34.5%, 94.7% vs. 65.5%). Reduction and marginal distribution of CD8+ T cells were observed in PCSK9hi NSCLC tissues. Tumor growth was retarded by the PCSK9 inhibitor and the anti-CD137 agonist alone in the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) mice model and further retarded by the PCSK9 inhibitor in combination with the CD137 agonist with long-term survival of the host mice with noticeable increases of CD8+ and GzmB+ CD8+ T cells and reduction of Tregs. Together, these results suggested that high PCSK9 expression in baseline tumor tissue was a deleterious factor for the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients. The PCSK9 inhibitor in combination with the anti-CD137 agonist could not only enhance the recruitment of CD8+ and GzmB+ CD8+ T cells but also deplete Tregs, which may be a novel therapeutic strategy for future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yi
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojue Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiying Li
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nanying Che
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongtao Zhang, ; Shucai Zhang, ; Jinghui Wang, ; Nanying Che,
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongtao Zhang, ; Shucai Zhang, ; Jinghui Wang, ; Nanying Che,
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongtao Zhang, ; Shucai Zhang, ; Jinghui Wang, ; Nanying Che,
| | - Shucai Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongtao Zhang, ; Shucai Zhang, ; Jinghui Wang, ; Nanying Che,
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27
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Müller D. Targeting Co-Stimulatory Receptors of the TNF Superfamily for Cancer Immunotherapy. BioDrugs 2023; 37:21-33. [PMID: 36571696 PMCID: PMC9836981 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-022-00573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The clinical approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors is an important advancement in the field of cancer immunotherapy. However, the percentage of beneficiaries is still limited and it is becoming clear that combination therapies are required to further enhance the treatment efficacy. The potential of strategies targeting the immunoregulatory network by "hitting the gas pedal" as opposed to "blocking the brakes" is being recognized and intensively investigated. Hence, next to immune checkpoint inhibitors, agonists of co-stimulatory receptors of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNF-SF) are emerging as promising options to expand the immunomodulatory toolbox. In this review the development of different categories of recombinant antibody and ligand-based agonists of 4-1BB, OX40, and GITR is summarized and discussed in the context of the challenges presented by the structural and mechanistical features of the TNFR-SF. An overview of current formats, trends, and clinical studies is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Müller
- grid.5719.a0000 0004 1936 9713Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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28
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Preliminary Analysis of Cervical Cancer Immunotherapy. Am J Clin Oncol 2022; 45:486-490. [PMID: 36301242 PMCID: PMC9624377 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecologically malignancies worldwide. Although vaccine and cervical cancer screening including human papillomavirus testing, cytology testing, and colposcopy have developed rapidly in recent years, effectively reducing cervical cancer mortality, cervical cancer remains a malignancy with higher female fatality rates worldwide and has a high risk for socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. The combination of platinum-paclitaxel and chemotherapy, possibly with the addition of bevacizumab, is currently the treatment of choice for advanced cervical cancer, but it only has remission purposes. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed for both locally advanced and metastatic cervical cancer. Here, we make a preliminary analysis of cervical cancer immunotherapy.
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29
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Zhan M, Guo Y, Shen M, Shi X. Nanomaterial‐Boosted Tumor Immunotherapy Through Natural Killer Cells. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P.R. China
| | - Yunqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P.R. China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P.R. China
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30
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Kim AMJ, Nemeth MR, Lim SO. 4-1BB: A promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:968360. [PMID: 36185242 PMCID: PMC9515902 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.968360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, powered by its relative efficacy and safety, has become a prominent therapeutic strategy utilized in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, including cancer. Within this class of therapeutics, there is a variety of drug types such as immune checkpoint blockade therapies, vaccines, and T cell transfer therapies that serve the purpose of harnessing the body’s immune system to combat disease. Of these different types, immune checkpoint blockades that target coinhibitory receptors, which dampen the body’s immune response, have been widely studied and established in clinic. In contrast, however, there remains room for the development and improvement of therapeutics that target costimulatory receptors and enhance the immune response against tumors, one of which being the 4-1BB (CD137/ILA/TNFRSF9) receptor. 4-1BB has been garnering attention as a promising therapeutic target in the setting of cancer, amongst other diseases, due to its broad expression profile and ability to stimulate various signaling pathways involved in the generation of a potent immune response. Since its discovery and demonstration of potential as a clinical target, major progress has been made in the knowledge of 4-1BB and the development of clinical therapeutics that target it. Thus, we seek to summarize and provide a comprehensive update and outlook on those advancements in the context of cancer and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Min Jung Kim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Macy Rose Nemeth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Seung-Oe Lim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Institute of Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Seung-Oe Lim,
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31
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Cheng LS, Cheng YF, Liu WT, Shen A, Zhang D, Xu T, Yin W, Cheng M, Ma X, Wang F, Zhao Q, Zeng X, Zhang Y, Shen G. A humanized 4-1BB-targeting agonistic antibody exerts potent antitumor activity in colorectal cancer without systemic toxicity. Lab Invest 2022; 20:415. [PMID: 36076251 PMCID: PMC9461191 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03619-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and the patient survival rate remains unacceptably low. The anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody-based immune checkpoint inhibitors have been added to CRC treatment regimens, however, only a fraction of patients benefits. As an important co-stimulatory molecule, 4-1BB/CD137 is mainly expressed on the surface of immune cells including T and natural killer (NK) cells. Several agonistic molecules targeting 4-1BB have been clinically unsuccessful due to systemic toxicity or weak antitumor effects. We generated a humanized anti-4-1BB IgG4 antibody, HuB6, directed against a unique epitope and hypothesized that it would promote antitumor immunity with high safety. Methods The antigen binding specificity, affinity and activity of HuB6 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), biolayer interferometry (BLI) and flow cytometry. The antitumor effects were evaluated in humanized mice bearing syngeneic tumors, and possible toxicity was evaluated in humanized mice and cynomolgus monkeys. Results HuB6 showed high specificity and affinity for a binding epitope distinct from those of other known 4-1BB agonists, including utomilumab and urelumab, and induced CD8 + T, CD4 + T and NK cell stimulation dependent on Fcγ receptor (FcγR) crosslinking. HuB6 inhibited CRC tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner, and the antitumor effect was similar with urelumab and utomilumab in humanized mouse models of syngeneic CRC. Furthermore, HuB6 combined with an anti-PD-L1 antibody significantly inhibited CRC growth in vivo. Additionally, HuB6 induced antitumor immune memory in tumor model mice rechallenged with 4 × 106 tumor cells. Toxicology data for humanized 4-1BB mice and cynomolgus monkeys showed that HuB6 could be tolerated up to a 180 mg/kg dose without systemic toxicity. Conclusions This study demonstrated that HuB6 should be a suitable candidate for further clinical development and a potential agent for CRC immunotherapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03619-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Yong-Feng Cheng
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Aolin Shen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Dayan Zhang
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Tingjuan Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Wu Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Fengrong Wang
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Hefei HankeMab Biotechnology Limited, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Guodong Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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32
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Hangiu O, Compte M, Dinesen A, Navarro R, Tapia-Galisteo A, Mandrup OA, Erce-Llamazares A, Lázaro-Gorines R, Nehme-Álvarez D, Domínguez-Alonso C, Harwood SL, Alfonso C, Blanco B, Rubio-Pérez L, Jiménez-Reinoso A, Díez-Alonso L, Blanco FJ, Sanz L, Howard KA, Álvarez-Vallina L. Tumor targeted 4-1BB agonist antibody-albumin fusions with high affinity to FcRn induce anti-tumor immunity without toxicity. iScience 2022; 25:104958. [PMID: 36072551 PMCID: PMC9441337 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Costimulation of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes by anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has shown anti-tumor activity in human trials, but can be associated with significant off-tumor toxicities involving FcγR interactions. Here, we introduce albumin-fused mouse and human bispecific antibodies with clinically favorable pharmacokinetics designed to confine 4-1BB costimulation to the tumor microenvironment. These Fc-free 4-1BB agonists consist of an EGFR-specific VHH antibody, a 4-1BB-specific scFv, and a human albumin sequence engineered for high FcRn binding connected in tandem (LiTCo-Albu). We demonstrate in vitro cognate target engagement, EGFR-specific costimulatory activity, and FcRn-driven cellular recycling similar to non-fused FcRn high-binding albumin. The mouse LiTCo-Albu exhibited a prolonged circulatory half-life and in vivo tumor inhibition, with no indication of 4-1BB mAb-associated toxicity. Furthermore, we show a greater therapeutic effect when used in combination with PD-1-blocking mAbs. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of tumor-specific LiTCo-Albu antibodies for safe and effective costimulatory strategies in cancer immunotherapy. Tumor targeted 4-1BB agonist antibody-albumin fusions with high affinity to FcRn Potent EGFR-specific 4-1BB costimulation and FcRn-driven cellular recycling Prolonged circulatory half-life and in vivo tumor inhibition, without toxicity Combination with an anti-PD-1 blocking antibody further enhanced anti-tumor activity
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33
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Multifunctional Plant Virus Nanoparticles for Targeting Breast Cancer Tumors. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091431. [PMID: 36146510 PMCID: PMC9502313 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer treatment using plant-virus-based nanoparticles (PVNPs) has achieved considerable success in preclinical studies. PVNP-based breast cancer therapies include non-targeted and targeted nanoplatforms for delivery of anticancer therapeutic chemo and immune agents and cancer vaccines for activation of local and systemic antitumor immunity. Interestingly, PVNP platforms combined with other tumor immunotherapeutic options and other modalities of oncotherapy can improve tumor efficacy treatment. These applications can be achieved by encapsulation of a wide range of active ingredients and conjugating ligands for targeting immune and tumor cells. This review presents the current breast cancer treatments based on PVNP platforms.
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34
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Li L, Liu X, Su B, Zhang H, Li R, Liu Z, Chen Q, Huang T, Cao H. An innovative electrochemical immunosensor based on nanobody heptamer and AuNPs@ZIF-8 nanocomposites as support for the detection of alpha fetoprotein in serum. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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35
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Sun R, Lim SO. FBXL20-mediated ubiquitination triggers the proteasomal degradation of 4-1BB. FEBS J 2022; 289:4549-4563. [PMID: 35112462 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
4-1BB [tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF9), CD137) is a critical immune stimulator that sustains T cell activity and antitumor immune response. The strategy to eliminate cancers by agonistically targeting 4-1BB is under clinical investigation. As a protein expressed in an inducible manner, 4-1BB is under tight control on both transcription and translation levels to maintain its homeostasis. So far, the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional activation of 4-1BB have been well-interpreted; however, it remains inexplicit how 4-1BB is regulated on the protein level. In this study, we presented experimental evidence supporting that 4-1BB, especially the heavily N-glycosylated (mature) form, is polyubiquitinated and subjected to the ubiquitin-proteasomal system for degradation. By performing proximity-dependent biotin identification screening coupled with biochemical assays, we identified that F-box/LRR-repeat protein 20 acts as the E3 ligase that promotes the polyubiquitination of 4-1BB at the intracellular domain. Our data provided mechanistic insight into 4-1BB regulation on the protein level by unmasking, for the first time, a posttranslational mechanism governing 4-1BB abundance in cells. The findings of this study could potentially guide the development of 4-1BB-targeted therapy for cancers as well as other immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxuan Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Seung-Oe Lim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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36
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Warmuth S, Gunde T, Snell D, Brock M, Weinert C, Simonin A, Hess C, Tietz J, Johansson M, Spiga FM, Heiz R, Flückiger N, Wagen S, Zeberer J, Diem D, Mahler D, Wickihalder B, Muntwiler S, Chatterjee B, Küttner B, Bommer B, Yaman Y, Lichtlen P, Urech D. Engineering of a trispecific tumor-targeted immunotherapy incorporating 4-1BB co-stimulation and PD-L1 blockade. Oncoimmunology 2022; 10:2004661. [PMID: 35844969 PMCID: PMC9278964 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.2004661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-stimulatory 4-1BB receptors on tumor-infiltrating T cells are a compelling target for overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors, but initial clinical studies of 4-1BB agonist mAbs were accompanied by liver toxicity. We sought to engineer a tri-specific antibody-based molecule that stimulates intratumoral 4-1BB and blocks PD-L1/PD-1 signaling without systemic toxicity and with clinically favorable pharmacokinetics. Recombinant fusion proteins were constructed using scMATCH3 technology and humanized antibody single-chain variable fragments against PD-L1, 4-1BB, and human serum albumin. Paratope affinities were optimized using single amino acid substitutions, leading to design of the drug candidate NM21-1480. Multiple in vitro experiments evaluated pharmacodynamic properties of NM21-1480, and syngeneic mouse tumor models assessed antitumor efficacy and safety of murine analogues. A GLP multiple-dose toxicology study evaluated its safety in non-human primates. NM21-1480 inhibited PD-L1/PD-1 signaling with a potency similar to avelumab, and it potently stimulated 4-1BB signaling only in the presence of PD-L1, while exhibiting an EC50 that was largely independent of PD-L1 density. NM21-1480 exhibited high efficacy for co-activation of pre-stimulated T cells and dendritic cells. In xenograft models in syngeneic mice, NM21-1480 induced tumor regression and tumor infiltration of T cells without causing systemic T-cell activation. A GLP toxicology study revealed no evidence of liver toxicity at doses up to 140 mg/kg, and pharmacokinetic studies in non-human primates suggested a plasma half-life in humans of up to 2 weeks. NM21-1480 has the potential to overcome checkpoint resistance by co-activating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes without liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tea Gunde
- Numab Therapeutics AG, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julia Tietz
- Numab Therapeutics AG, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Robin Heiz
- Numab Therapeutics AG, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Dania Diem
- Numab Therapeutics AG, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | - Dana Mahler
- Numab Therapeutics AG, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Urech
- Numab Therapeutics AG, Waedenswil, Switzerland
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37
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Muik A, Adams Iii HC, Gieseke F, Altintas I, Schoedel KB, Blum JM, Sänger B, Burm SM, Stanganello E, Verzijl D, Spires VM, Vascotto F, Toker A, Quinkhardt J, Fereshteh M, Diken M, Satijn DPE, Kreiter S, Ahmadi T, Breij ECW, Türeci Ö, Sasser K, Sahin U, Jure-Kunkel M. DuoBody-CD40x4-1BB induces dendritic-cell maturation and enhances T-cell activation through conditional CD40 and 4-1BB agonist activity. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004322. [PMID: 35688554 PMCID: PMC9189854 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the preclinical promise of CD40 and 4-1BB as immuno-oncology targets, clinical efforts evaluating CD40 and 4-1BB agonists as monotherapy have found limited success. DuoBody-CD40×4-1BB (GEN1042/BNT312) is a novel investigational Fc-inert bispecific antibody for dual targeting and conditional stimulation of CD40 and 4-1BB to enhance priming and reactivation of tumor-specific immunity in patients with cancer. Methods Characterization of DuoBody-CD40×4-1BB in vitro was performed in a broad range of functional immune cell assays, including cell-based reporter assays, T-cell proliferation assays, mixed-lymphocyte reactions and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte assays, as well as live-cell imaging. The in vivo activity of DuoBody-CD40×4-1BB was assessed in blood samples from patients with advanced solid tumors that were treated with DuoBody-CD40×4-1BB in the dose-escalation phase of the first-in-human clinical trial (NCT04083599). Results DuoBody-CD40×4-1BB exhibited conditional CD40 and 4-1BB agonist activity that was strictly dependent on crosslinking of both targets. Thereby, DuoBody-CD40×4-1BB strengthened the dendritic cell (DC)/T-cell immunological synapse, induced DC maturation, enhanced T-cell proliferation and effector functions in vitro and enhanced expansion of patient-derived tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes ex vivo. The addition of PD-1 blocking antibodies resulted in potentiation of T-cell activation and effector functions in vitro compared with either monotherapy, providing combination rationale. Furthermore, in a first-in-human clinical trial, DuoBody-CD40×4-1BB mediated clear immune modulation of peripheral antigen presenting cells and T cells in patients with advanced solid tumors. Conclusion DuoBody-CD40×4-1BB is capable of enhancing antitumor immunity by modulating DC and T-cell functions and shows biological activity in patients with advanced solid tumors. These findings demonstrate that targeting of these two pathways with an Fc-inert bispecific antibody may be an efficacious approach to (re)activate tumor-specific immunity and support the clinical investigation of DuoBody-CD40×4-1BB for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isil Altintas
- Translational Research and Precision Medicine, Genmab BV, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Saskia M Burm
- Translational Research and Precision Medicine, Genmab BV, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eliana Stanganello
- TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dennis Verzijl
- Translational Research and Precision Medicine, Genmab BV, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fulvia Vascotto
- TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tahamtan Ahmadi
- Experimental Medicine, Genmab US Inc, Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Esther C W Breij
- Translational Research and Precision Medicine, Genmab BV, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ugur Sahin
- BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany.,TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
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Li B, Qin X, Mi LZ. Nanobodies: from structure to applications in non-injectable and bispecific biotherapeutic development. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:7110-7122. [PMID: 35535618 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00306f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for convenient, miniaturized and multifunctional antibodies necessitates the development of novel antigen-recognition molecules for biological and medical studies. Nanobodies, the functional variable regions of camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies, as a new tool, complement the conventional antibodies and are in the stage of rapid development. The outstanding advantages of nanobodies include a stable structure, easy production, excellent water solubility, high affinity toward antigens and low immunogenicity. With promising application potential, nanobodies are now increasingly applied to various studies, including protein structure analysis, microscopic imaging, medical diagnosis, and drug development. The approval of the first nanobody drug Caplacizumab by the FDA disclosed the therapeutic potential of nanobodies. The outbreak of COVID-19 accelerated the development of nanobody drugs in non-injectable and bispecific biotherapeutic applications. Herein, we reviewed recent studies on the nanobody structure, screening and their applications in protein structure analysis and nanobody drugs, especially on non-injectable nanobody and bispecific nanobody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xiaohong Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Li-Zhi Mi
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
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39
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Awad RM, Meeus F, Ceuppens H, Ertveldt T, Hanssens H, Lecocq Q, Mateusiak L, Zeven K, Valenta H, De Groof TWM, De Vlaeminck Y, Krasniqi A, De Veirman K, Goyvaerts C, D'Huyvetter M, Hernot S, Devoogdt N, Breckpot K. Emerging applications of nanobodies in cancer therapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 369:143-199. [PMID: 35777863 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease, requiring treatment tailored to the unique phenotype of the patient's tumor. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and variants thereof have enabled targeted therapies to selectively target cancer cells. Cancer cell-specific mAbs have been used for image-guided surgery and targeted delivery of radionuclides or toxic agents, improving classical treatment strategies. Cancer cell-specific mAbs can further inhibit tumor cell growth or can stimulate immune-mediated destruction of cancer cells, a feature that has also been achieved through mAb-mediated manipulation of immune cells and pathways. Drawbacks of mAbs and their variants, together with the discovery of camelid heavy chain-only antibodies and the many advantageous features of their variable domains, referred to as VHHs, single domain antibodies or nanobodies (Nbs), resulted in the exploration of Nbs as an alternative targeting moiety. We therefore review the state-of-the-art as well as novel exploitation strategies of Nbs for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Maximilian Awad
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fien Meeus
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Ceuppens
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Ertveldt
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heleen Hanssens
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Quentin Lecocq
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lukasz Mateusiak
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katty Zeven
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hana Valenta
- Lab for Nanobiology, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Timo W M De Groof
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yannick De Vlaeminck
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ahmet Krasniqi
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cleo Goyvaerts
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'Huyvetter
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hernot
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Compte M, Sanz L, Álvarez-Vallina L. Applications of trimerbodies in cancer immunotherapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 369:71-87. [PMID: 35777865 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trimerbodies, with their unique structural and functional properties, are the basis of a new generation of therapeutic antibodies, which due to their small size and plasticity are ideal for the generation of novel biological protein drugs with multiple competitive advantages over conventional full-length monoclonal antibodies. Since their emergence, trimerbodies have been used in preclinical cancer diagnosis and therapy. Trimerbodies are highly adaptable molecules, as they allow target-specific modulation of T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity to enhance preexisting responses or to generate de novo immune responses. In fact, a tumor-specific humanized 4-1BB-agonistic trimerbody has shown a rather impressive safety and efficacy profile in preclinical studies making it a realistic option for clinical development. Moreover, thanks to the avidity effect they are endowed with considerable therapeutic potential as carriers to deliver cytotoxic payloads to tumors. In addition, molecular imaging studies could benefit from some intermediate-sized trivalent trimerbodies as promising candidates for targeted therapy and tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Compte
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis S.L., Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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41
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Van Fossen EM, Bednar RM, Jana S, Franklin R, Beckman J, Karplus PA, Mehl RA. Nanobody assemblies with fully flexible topology enabled by genetically encoded tetrazine amino acids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm6909. [PMID: 35522749 PMCID: PMC9075797 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm6909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Assembling nanobodies (Nbs) into polyvalent multimers is a powerful strategy for improving the effectiveness of Nb-based therapeutics and biotechnological tools. However, generally effective approaches to Nb assembly are currently restricted to the amino or carboxyl termini, greatly limiting the diversity of Nb multimer topologies that can be produced. Here, we show that reactive tetrazine groups-site-specifically inserted by genetic code expansion at Nb surface sites-are compatible with Nb folding and function, enabling Nb assembly at any desired point. Using two anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nbs with viral neutralization ability, we created Nb homo- and heterodimers with improved properties compared with conventionally linked Nb homodimers, which, in the case of our tetrazine-conjugated trimer, translated into enhanced viral neutralization. Thus, this tetrazine-based approach is a generally applicable strategy that greatly increases the accessible range of Nb assembly topologies, and thereby adds the optimization of topology as an effective avenue to generate Nb assemblies with improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Van Fossen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Riley M Bednar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Subhashis Jana
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Rachel Franklin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Joseph Beckman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- e-MSion, Inc., 2121 NE Jack London Drive, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - P Andrew Karplus
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Ryan A Mehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Angre T, Kumar A, Singh AK, Thareja S, Kumar P. Role of collagen regulators in cancer treatment: A comprehensive review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2956-2984. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220501162351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Collagen is the most important structural protein and also a main component of extra-cellular matrix (ECM). It plays a role in tumor progression. Collagen can be regulated by altering it’s biosynthesis pathway through various signaling pathways, receptors and genes. Activity of cancer cells can also be regulated by other ECM components like metalloproteinases, hyaluronic acid, fibronectin and so on. Hypoxia is also one of the condition which leads to cancer progression by stimulating the expression of procollagen lysine as a collagen crosslinker, which increases the size of collagen fibres promoting cancer spread. The collagen content in cancerous cells leads to resistance in chemotherapy. So, to reduce this resistance, some of the collagen regulating therapies are introduced, which include inhibiting its biosynthesis, disturbing cancer cell signaling pathway, mediating ECM components and directly utilizing collagenase. This study is an effort to compile the strategies reported to control the collagen level and different collagen inhibitors reported so far. More research is needed in this area, growing understandings of collagen’s structural features and its role in cancer progression will aid in the advancement of newer chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Angre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
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Morana O, Nieto‐Garai JA, Björkholm P, Bernardino de la Serna J, Terrones O, Arboleya A, Ciceri D, Rojo‐Bartolomé I, Blouin CM, Lamaze C, Lorizate M, Contreras F. Identification of a New Cholesterol-Binding Site within the IFN-γ Receptor that is Required for Signal Transduction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105170. [PMID: 35166455 PMCID: PMC9008429 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a master regulator of innate and adaptive immunity involved in a broad array of human diseases that range from atherosclerosis to cancer. IFN-γ exerts it signaling action by binding to a specific cell surface receptor, the IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR), whose activation critically depends on its partition into lipid nanodomains. However, little is known about the impact of specific lipids on IFN-γR signal transduction activity. Here, a new conserved cholesterol (chol) binding motif localized within its single transmembrane domain is identified. Through direct binding, chol drives the partition of IFN-γR2 chains into plasma membrane lipid nanodomains, orchestrating IFN-γR oligomerization and transmembrane signaling. Bioinformatics studies show that the signature sequence stands for a conserved chol-binding motif presented in many mammalian membrane proteins. The discovery of chol as the molecular switch governing IFN-γR transmembrane signaling represents a significant advance for understanding the mechanism of lipid selectivity by membrane proteins, but also for figuring out the role of lipids in modulating cell surface receptor function. Finally, this study suggests that inhibition of the chol-IFNγR2 interaction may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for various IFN-γ-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Morana
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC)University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB)University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
| | - Jon Ander Nieto‐Garai
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC)University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB)University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
| | - Patrik Björkholm
- Center for Biomembrane ResearchDepartment of Biochemistry and BiophysicsStockholm UniversityStockholmSE‐106 91Sweden
- Science for Life LaboratoryStockholm UniversitySolnaSE‐171 21Sweden
| | - Jorge Bernardino de la Serna
- National Heart and Lung InstituteFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonSouth KensingtonSir Alexander Fleming BuildingLondonSW7 2AZUK
- Central Laser FacilityRutherford Appleton LaboratoryMRC‐Research Complex at HarwellScience and Technology Facilities CouncilHarwellOX11 0QXUK
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research CentreLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Oihana Terrones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
| | - Aroa Arboleya
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC)University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB)University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
| | - Dalila Ciceri
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC)University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB)University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
| | - Iratxe Rojo‐Bartolomé
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC)University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB)University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
| | - Cédric M. Blouin
- Institut Curie ‐ Centre de RecherchePSL Research UniversityMembrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling LaboratoryParis75248France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)ParisU1143France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)UMR 3666Paris75248France
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Institut Curie ‐ Centre de RecherchePSL Research UniversityMembrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling LaboratoryParis75248France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)ParisU1143France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)UMR 3666Paris75248France
| | - Maier Lorizate
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC)University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
| | - Francesc‐Xabier Contreras
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC)University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Barrio Sarriena s/nLeioaE‐48940Spain
- IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbao48011Spain
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Cendrowicz E, Jacob L, Greenwald S, Tamir A, Pecker I, Tabakman R, Ghantous L, Tamir L, Kahn R, Avichzer J, Aronin A, Amsili S, Zorde-Khvalevsky E, Gozlan Y, Vlaming M, Huls G, van Meerten T, Dranitzki ME, Foley-Comer A, Pereg Y, Peled A, Chajut A, Bremer E. DSP107 combines inhibition of CD47/SIRPα axis with activation of 4-1BB to trigger anticancer immunity. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:97. [PMID: 35287686 PMCID: PMC8919572 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with rituximab and the CHOP treatment regimen is associated with frequent intrinsic and acquired resistance. However, treatment with a CD47 monoclonal antibody in combination with rituximab yielded high objective response rates in patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL in a phase I trial. Here, we report on a new bispecific and fully human fusion protein comprising the extracellular domains of SIRPα and 4-1BBL, termed DSP107, for the treatment of DLBCL. DSP107 blocks the CD47:SIRPα ‘don’t eat me’ signaling axis on phagocytes and promotes innate anticancer immunity. At the same time, CD47-specific binding of DSP107 enables activation of the costimulatory receptor 4-1BB on activated T cells, thereby, augmenting anticancer T cell immunity. Methods Using macrophages, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), and T cells of healthy donors and DLBCL patients, DSP107-mediated reactivation of immune cells against B cell lymphoma cell lines and primary patient-derived blasts was studied with phagocytosis assays, T cell activation and cytotoxicity assays. DSP107 anticancer activity was further evaluated in a DLBCL xenograft mouse model and safety was evaluated in cynomolgus monkey. Results Treatment with DSP107 alone or in combination with rituximab significantly increased macrophage- and PMN-mediated phagocytosis and trogocytosis, respectively, of DLBCL cell lines and primary patient-derived blasts. Further, prolonged treatment of in vitro macrophage/cancer cell co-cultures with DSP107 and rituximab decreased cancer cell number by up to 85%. DSP107 treatment activated 4-1BB-mediated costimulatory signaling by HT1080.4-1BB reporter cells, which was strictly dependent on the SIRPα-mediated binding of DSP107 to CD47. In mixed cultures with CD47-expressing cancer cells, DSP107 augmented T cell cytotoxicity in vitro in an effector-to-target ratio-dependent manner. In mice with established SUDHL6 xenografts, the treatment with human PBMCs and DSP107 strongly reduced tumor size compared to treatment with PBMCs alone and increased the number of tumor-infiltrated T cells. Finally, DSP107 had an excellent safety profile in cynomolgus monkeys. Conclusions DSP107 effectively (re)activated innate and adaptive anticancer immune responses and may be of therapeutic use alone and in combination with rituximab for the treatment of DLBCL patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02256-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Cendrowicz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Jacob
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Kahr Medical Ltd, 1 Kiryat Hadassah POB 9779, 9109701, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shirley Greenwald
- Kahr Medical Ltd, 1 Kiryat Hadassah POB 9779, 9109701, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ami Tamir
- Kahr Medical Ltd, 1 Kiryat Hadassah POB 9779, 9109701, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Iris Pecker
- Kahr Medical Ltd, 1 Kiryat Hadassah POB 9779, 9109701, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rinat Tabakman
- Kahr Medical Ltd, 1 Kiryat Hadassah POB 9779, 9109701, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lucy Ghantous
- Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liat Tamir
- Kahr Medical Ltd, 1 Kiryat Hadassah POB 9779, 9109701, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roy Kahn
- Kahr Medical Ltd, 1 Kiryat Hadassah POB 9779, 9109701, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jasmine Avichzer
- Kahr Medical Ltd, 1 Kiryat Hadassah POB 9779, 9109701, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexandra Aronin
- Kahr Medical Ltd, 1 Kiryat Hadassah POB 9779, 9109701, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shira Amsili
- Kahr Medical Ltd, 1 Kiryat Hadassah POB 9779, 9109701, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Yosi Gozlan
- Kahr Medical Ltd, 1 Kiryat Hadassah POB 9779, 9109701, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Martijn Vlaming
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Huls
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van Meerten
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Elhalel Dranitzki
- Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adam Foley-Comer
- Kahr Medical Ltd, 1 Kiryat Hadassah POB 9779, 9109701, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Pereg
- Kahr Medical Ltd, 1 Kiryat Hadassah POB 9779, 9109701, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amnon Peled
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayelet Chajut
- Kahr Medical Ltd, 1 Kiryat Hadassah POB 9779, 9109701, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Edwin Bremer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Balakrishnan PB, Ledezma DK, Cano-Mejia J, Andricovich J, Palmer E, Patel VA, Latham PS, Yvon ES, Villagra A, Fernandes R, Sweeney EE. CD137 agonist potentiates the abscopal efficacy of nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy for melanoma. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 15:2300-2314. [PMID: 36089987 PMCID: PMC9455608 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-3813-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the promise of immunotherapy such as the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 for advanced melanoma, only 26%-52% of patients respond, and many experience grade III/IV immune-related adverse events. Motivated by the need for an effective therapy for patients non-responsive to clinically approved ICIs, we have developed a novel nanoimmunotherapy that combines locally administered Prussian blue nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy (PBNP-PTT) with systemically administered agonistic anti-CD137 monoclonal antibody therapy (aCD137). PBNP-PTT was administered at various thermal doses to melanoma cells in vitro, and was combined with aCD137 in vivo to test treatment effects on melanoma tumor progression, animal survival, immunological protection against tumor rechallenge, and hepatotoxicity. When administered at a melanoma-specific thermal dose, PBNP-PTT elicits immunogenic cell death (ICD) in melanoma cells and upregulates markers associated with antigen presentation and immune cell co-stimulation in vitro. Consequently, PBNP-PTT eliminates primary melanoma tumors in vivo, yielding long-term tumor-free survival. However, the antitumor immune effects generated by PBNP-PTT cannot eliminate secondary tumors, despite significantly slowing their growth. The addition of aCD137 enables significant abscopal efficacy and improvement of survival, functioning through activated dendritic cells and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, and generates CD4+ and CD8+ T cell memory that manifests in the rejection of tumor rechallenge, with no long-term hepatotoxicity. This study describes for the first time a novel and effective nanoimmunotherapy combination of PBNP-PTT with aCD137 mAb therapy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Bala Balakrishnan
- GW Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Debbie K. Ledezma
- The Institute for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Juliana Cano-Mejia
- GW Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Jaclyn Andricovich
- The Institute for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Erica Palmer
- GW Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Vishal A. Patel
- Department of Dermatology & Oncology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Patricia S. Latham
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Eric S. Yvon
- GW Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Alejandro Villagra
- GW Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Rohan Fernandes
- GW Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- The Institute for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- ImmunoBlue, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Elizabeth E. Sweeney
- GW Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- ImmunoBlue, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
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Thoreau F, Chudasama V. Enabling the next steps in cancer immunotherapy: from antibody-based bispecifics to multispecifics, with an evolving role for bioconjugation chemistry. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:140-169. [PMID: 35360884 PMCID: PMC8826860 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, immunotherapy has established itself as one of the leading strategies for cancer treatment, as illustrated by the exponentially growing number of related clinical trials. This trend was, in part, prompted by the clinical success of both immune checkpoint modulation and immune cell engagement, to restore and/or stimulate the patient's immune system's ability to fight the disease. These strategies were sustained by progress in bispecific antibody production. However, despite the decisive progress made in the treatment of cancer, toxicity and resistance are still observed in some cases. In this review, we initially provide an overview of the monoclonal and bispecific antibodies developed with the objective of restoring immune system functions to treat cancer (cancer immunotherapy), through immune checkpoint modulation, immune cell engagement or a combination of both. Their production, design strategy and impact on the clinical trial landscape are also addressed. In the second part, the concept of multispecific antibody formats, notably MuTICEMs (Multispecific Targeted Immune Cell Engagers & Modulators), as a possible answer to current immunotherapy limitations is investigated. We believe it could be the next step to take for cancer immunotherapy research and expose why bioconjugation chemistry might play a key role in these future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Thoreau
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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47
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Tapia-Galisteo A, Sánchez Rodríguez Í, Aguilar-Sopeña O, Harwood SL, Narbona J, Ferreras Gutierrez M, Navarro R, Martín-García L, Corbacho C, Compte M, Lacadena J, Blanco FJ, Chames P, Roda-Navarro P, Álvarez-Vallina L, Sanz L. Trispecific T-cell engagers for dual tumor-targeting of colorectal cancer. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2034355. [PMID: 35154908 PMCID: PMC8837253 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2034355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tapia-Galisteo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Íñigo Sánchez Rodríguez
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Aguilar-Sopeña
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
- Lymphocyte Immunobiology Group, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Seandean Lykke Harwood
- Protein Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Javier Narbona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Navarro
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis Sl, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martín-García
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cesáreo Corbacho
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Compte
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis Sl, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Lacadena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Blanco
- Biomolecular NMR, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick Chames
- Antibody Therapeutics and Immunotargeting Group, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institute Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Pedro Roda-Navarro
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
- Lymphocyte Immunobiology Group, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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48
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Wu D, Yang K, Zhang Z, Feng Y, Rao L, Chen X, Yu G. Metal-free bioorthogonal click chemistry in cancer theranostics. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1336-1376. [PMID: 35050284 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00451d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry is a powerful tool to site-specifically activate drugs in living systems. Bioorthogonal reactions between a pair of biologically reactive groups can rapidly and specifically take place in a mild physiological milieu without perturbing inherent biochemical processes. Attributed to their high selectivity and efficiency, bioorthogonal reactions can significantly decrease background signals in bioimaging. Compared with metal-catalyzed bioorthogonal click reactions, metal-free click reactions are more biocompatible without the metal catalyst-induced cytotoxicity. Although a great number of bioorthogonal chemistry-based strategies have been reported for cancer theranostics, a comprehensive review is scarce to highlight the advantages of these strategies. In this review, recent progress in cancer theranostics guided by metal-free bioorthogonal click chemistry will be depicted in detail. The elaborate design as well as the advantages of bioorthogonal chemistry in tumor theranostics are summarized and future prospects in this emerging field are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Kuikun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, P. R. China
| | - Zhankui Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yunxuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
| | - Guocan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
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49
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Schardt JS, Jhajj HS, O’Meara RL, Lwo TS, Smith MD, Tessier PM. Agonist antibody discovery: Experimental, computational, and rational engineering approaches. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:31-48. [PMID: 34571277 PMCID: PMC8714685 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Agonist antibodies that activate cellular signaling have emerged as promising therapeutics for treating myriad pathologies. Unfortunately, the discovery of rare antibodies with the desired agonist functions is a major bottleneck during drug development. Nevertheless, there has been important recent progress in discovering and optimizing agonist antibodies against a variety of therapeutic targets that are activated by diverse signaling mechanisms. Herein, we review emerging high-throughput experimental and computational methods for agonist antibody discovery as well as rational molecular engineering methods for optimizing their agonist activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Schardt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Harkamal S. Jhajj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ryen L. O’Meara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Timon S. Lwo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew D. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter M. Tessier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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50
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Otano I, Azpilikueta A, Glez-Vaz J, Alvarez M, Medina-Echeverz J, Cortés-Domínguez I, Ortiz-de-Solorzano C, Ellmark P, Fritzell S, Hernandez-Hoyos G, Nelson MH, Ochoa MC, Bolaños E, Cuculescu D, Jaúregui P, Sanchez-Gregorio S, Etxeberria I, Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Sanmamed MF, Teijeira Á, Berraondo P, Melero I. CD137 (4-1BB) costimulation of CD8 + T cells is more potent when provided in cis than in trans with respect to CD3-TCR stimulation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7296. [PMID: 34911975 PMCID: PMC8674279 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD137 (4-1BB; TNFSR9) is an activation-induced surface receptor that through costimulation effects provide antigen-primed T cells with augmented survival, proliferation and effector functions as well as metabolic advantages. These immunobiological mechanisms are being utilised for cancer immunotherapy with agonist CD137-binding and crosslinking-inducing agents that elicit CD137 intracellular signaling. In this study, side-by-side comparisons show that provision of CD137 costimulation in-cis with regard to the TCR-CD3-ligating cell is superior to that provided in-trans in terms of T cell activation, proliferation, survival, cytokine secretion and mitochondrial fitness in mouse and human. Cis ligation of CD137 relative to the TCR-CD3 complex results in more intense canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling and provides a more robust induction of cell cycle and DNA damage repair gene expression programs. Here we report that the superiority of cis versus trans CD137-costimulation is readily observed in vivo and is relevant for understanding the immunotherapeutic effects of CAR T cells and CD137 agonistic therapies currently undergoing clinical trials, which may provide costimulation either in cis or in trans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Otano
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre/ Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arantza Azpilikueta
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Glez-Vaz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ivan Cortés-Domínguez
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Program of Solid Tumours, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ortiz-de-Solorzano
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Program of Solid Tumours, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Peter Ellmark
- Alligator Bioscience, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - María Carmen Ochoa
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elixabet Bolaños
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Doina Cuculescu
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Jaúregui
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Gregorio
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Etxeberria
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María E Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Teijeira
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre/ Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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