1
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Philip DT, Goins NM, Catanzaro NJ, Misumi I, Whitmire JK, Atkins HM, Lazear HM. Interferon lambda restricts herpes simplex virus skin disease by suppressing neutrophil-mediated pathology. mBio 2024; 15:e0262323. [PMID: 38426749 PMCID: PMC11005406 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02623-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFN-λ) are antiviral and immunomodulatory cytokines that have been best characterized in respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, but the effects of IFN-λ against skin infections have not been extensively investigated. We sought to define the skin-specific effects of IFN-λ against the highly prevalent human pathogen, herpes simplex virus (HSV). We infected mice lacking the IFN-λ receptor (Ifnlr1-/-), both the IFN-λ and the IFN-α/β receptors (Ifnar1-/-Ifnlr1-/-), or IFN-λ cytokines (Ifnl2/3-/-) and found that IFN-λ restricts the severity of HSV-1 and HSV-2 skin lesions without affecting viral loads. We used RNAseq to define IFN-λ- and IFN-β-induced transcriptional responses in primary mouse keratinocytes. Using conditional knockout mice, we found that IFN-λ signaling in both keratinocytes and neutrophils was necessary to control HSV-1 skin lesion severity and that IFN-λ signaling in keratinocytes suppressed CXCL9-mediated neutrophil recruitment to the skin. Furthermore, depleting neutrophils or blocking CXCL9 protected against severe HSV-1 skin lesions in Ifnlr1-/- mice. Altogether, our results suggest that IFN-λ plays an immunomodulatory role in the skin that restricts neutrophil-mediated pathology during HSV infection and suggests potential applications for IFN-λ in treating viral skin infections.IMPORTANCEType III interferons (IFN-λ) have been shown to have antiviral and immunomodulatory effects at epithelial barriers such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, but their effects on the skin have not been extensively investigated. We used mice lacking IFN-λ signaling to investigate the skin-specific effects of IFN-λ against the herpes simplex virus (HSV), which targets epithelial tissues to cause cold sores and genital herpes. We found that IFN-λ limited the severity of HSV skin lesions without affecting viral load and that this protective effect required IFN-λ signaling in both keratinocytes and neutrophils. We found that IFN-λ signaling in keratinocytes suppressed neutrophil recruitment to the skin and that depleting neutrophils protected against severe HSV skin lesions in the absence of IFN-λ. Altogether, our results suggest that IFN-λ plays an immunomodulatory role in the skin that restricts neutrophil-mediated pathology during HSV infection and suggests potential applications for IFN-λ in treating viral skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake T. Philip
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nigel M. Goins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Catanzaro
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ichiro Misumi
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason K. Whitmire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hannah M. Atkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Helen M. Lazear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Berber E, Mulik S, Rouse BT. Meeting the Challenge of Controlling Viral Immunopathology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3935. [PMID: 38612744 PMCID: PMC11011832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The mission of this review is to identify immune-damaging participants involved in antiviral immunoinflammatory lesions. We argue these could be targeted and their activity changed selectively by maneuvers that, at the same time, may not diminish the impact of components that help resolve lesions. Ideally, we need to identify therapeutic approaches that can reverse ongoing lesions that lack unwanted side effects and are affordable to use. By understanding the delicate balance between immune responses that cause tissue damage and those that aid in resolution, novel strategies can be developed to target detrimental immune components while preserving the beneficial ones. Some strategies involve rebalancing the participation of immune components using various approaches, such as removing or blocking proinflammatory T cell products, expanding regulatory cells, restoring lost protective cell function, using monoclonal antibodies (moAb) to counteract inhibitory molecules, and exploiting metabolic differences between inflammatory and immuno-protective responses. These strategies can help reverse ongoing viral infections. We explain various approaches, from model studies and some clinical evidence, that achieve innate and adaptive immune rebalancing, offering insights into potential applications for controlling chronic viral-induced lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Berber
- Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Sachin Mulik
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA;
| | - Barry T. Rouse
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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3
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Sattar AA, Qaiser A, Kausar H, Aqil S, Mudassar R, Manzoor S, Ashraf J. The potential of IFN-λ, IL-32γ, IL-6, and IL-22 as safeguards against human viruses: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1303115. [PMID: 38420119 PMCID: PMC10899505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1303115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the antiviral activity of cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-22 (IL-22), interleukin-32 gamma (IL-32γ), and interferon-lambda (IFN-λ) in diverse populations. This study aims to evaluate the role of these cytokines in inhibition of various human and animal viruses when administered exogenously. A comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted on all the relevant studies from three databases. Standard mean differences (SMDs) of overall viral inhibition were used to generate the difference in the antiviral efficacy of these cytokines between control and experimental groups. A total of 4,618 abstracts for IL-6, 3,517 abstracts for IL-22, 2,160 abstracts for IL-32γ, and 1,026 abstracts for IFN-λ were identified, and 7, 4, 8, and 35 studies were included, respectively, for each cytokine. IFN-λ (SMD = 0.9540; 95% CI: 0.69-0.22) and IL-32γ (SMD = 0.459; 95% CI: 0.02-0.90) showed the highest influence followed by IL-6 (SMD = 0.456; CI: -0.04-0.95) and IL-22 (SMD = 0.244; 95% CI: -0.33-0.81). None of the cytokines represented heterogeneity (tau² > 0), but only IFN-λ indicated the funnel plot asymmetry (p = 0.0097). Results also indicated that IFN-λ and IL-32γ are more potent antivirals than IL-6 and IL-22. The collective findings of this study emphasize that exogenously administered pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically IFN-λ and IL-32, exhibit a significant antiviral activity, thereby underscoring them as potent antiviral agents. Nonetheless, additional research is required to ascertain their clinical utility and potential for integration into combinatorial therapeutic regimens against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej A Sattar
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ariba Qaiser
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hina Kausar
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sarah Aqil
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rida Mudassar
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Ashraf
- Department of Community Dentistry, Islamabad Medical and Dental College (IMDC), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland
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4
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Camacho-Concha N, Santana-Román ME, Sánchez NC, Velasco I, Pando-Robles V, Pedraza-Alva G, Pérez-Martínez L. Insights into Zika Virus Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3316. [PMID: 38137537 PMCID: PMC10741857 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a significant public health threat, reaching pandemic levels in 2016. Human infection with ZIKV can manifest as either asymptomatic or as an acute illness characterized by symptoms such as fever and headache. Moreover, it has been associated with severe neurological complications in adults, including Guillain-Barre syndrome, and devastating fetal abnormalities, like microcephaly. The primary mode of transmission is through Aedes spp. mosquitoes, and with half of the world's population residing in regions where Aedes aegypti, the principal vector, thrives, the reemergence of ZIKV remains a concern. This comprehensive review provides insights into the pathogenesis of ZIKV and highlights the key cellular pathways activated upon ZIKV infection. Additionally, we explore the potential of utilizing microRNAs (miRNAs) and phytocompounds as promising strategies to combat ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohemi Camacho-Concha
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - María E. Santana-Román
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - Nilda C. Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Victoria Pando-Robles
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
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5
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Schutt WR, Conde JN, Mladinich MC, Himmler GE, Mackow ER. ZIKV induction of tristetraprolin in endothelial and Sertoli cells post-transcriptionally inhibits IFNβ/λ expression and promotes ZIKV persistence. mBio 2023; 14:e0174223. [PMID: 37707056 PMCID: PMC10653947 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01742-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Our findings define a novel role for ZIKV-induced TTP expression in regulating IFNβ/IFNλ production in primary hBMECs and Sertoli cells. These cells comprise key physiological barriers subverted by ZIKV to access brain and testicular compartments and serve as reservoirs for persistent replication and dissemination. We demonstrate for the first time that the ARE-binding protein TTP is virally induced and post-transcriptionally regulates IFNβ/IFNλ secretion. In ZIKV-infected hBMEC and Sertoli cells, TTP knockout increased IFNβ/IFNλ secretion, while TTP expression blocked IFNβ/IFNλ secretion. The TTP-directed blockade of IFN secretion permits ZIKV spread and persistence in hBMECs and Sertoli cells and may similarly augment ZIKV spread across IFNλ-protected placental barriers. Our work highlights the importance of post-transcriptional ZIKV regulation of IFN expression and secretion in cells that regulate viral access to protected compartments and defines a novel mechanism of ZIKV-regulated IFN responses which may facilitate neurovirulence and sexual transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Schutt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jonas N. Conde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Megan C. Mladinich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Grace E. Himmler
- Center for Infectious Disease, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Erich R. Mackow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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6
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Philip DT, Goins NM, Catanzaro NJ, Misumi I, Whitmire JK, Atkins HM, Lazear HM. Interferon lambda restricts herpes simplex virus skin disease by suppressing neutrophil-mediated pathology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.11.557277. [PMID: 37745383 PMCID: PMC10515813 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFN-λ) are antiviral and immunomodulatory cytokines that have been best characterized in respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, but the effects of IFN-λ against skin infections have not been extensively investigated. We sought to define the skin-specific effects of IFN-λ against the highly prevalent human pathogen herpes simplex virus (HSV). We infected mice lacking the IFN-λ receptor (Ifnlr1-/-), both the IFN-λ and the IFN-αβ receptor (Ifnar1-/- Ifnlr1-/-), or IFN-λ cytokines (Ifnl2/3-/-) and found that IFN-λ restricts the severity of HSV-1 and HSV-2 skin lesions, independent of a direct effect on viral load. Using conditional knockout mice, we found that IFN-λ signaling in both keratinocytes and neutrophils was necessary to control HSV-1 skin lesion severity, and that IFN-λ signaling in keratinocytes suppressed CXCL9-mediated neutrophil recruitment to the skin. Furthermore, depleting neutrophils or blocking CXCL9 protected against severe HSV-1 skin lesions in Ifnlr1-/- mice. Altogether, our results suggest that IFN-λ plays an immunomodulatory role in the skin that restricts neutrophil-mediated pathology during HSV infection, and suggest potential applications for IFN-λ in treating viral skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake T. Philip
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Nigel M. Goins
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Nicholas J. Catanzaro
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ichiro Misumi
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jason K. Whitmire
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Hannah M. Atkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Helen M. Lazear
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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7
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Pelz L, Piagnani E, Marsall P, Wynserski N, Hein MD, Marichal-Gallardo P, Kupke SY, Reichl U. Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity of Influenza A Defective Interfering Particles against Respiratory Syncytial, Yellow Fever, and Zika Virus Replication In Vitro. Viruses 2023; 15:1872. [PMID: 37766278 PMCID: PMC10537524 DOI: 10.3390/v15091872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
New broadly acting and readily available antiviral agents are needed to combat existing and emerging viruses. Defective interfering particles (DIPs) of influenza A virus (IAV) are regarded as promising options for the prevention and treatment of IAV infections. Interestingly, IAV DIPs also inhibit unrelated viral infections by stimulating antiviral innate immunity. Here, we tested the ability of IAV DIPs to suppress respiratory syncytial, yellow fever and Zika virus infections in vitro. In human lung (A549) cells, IAV DIP co-infection inhibited the replication and spread of all three viruses. In contrast, we observed no antiviral activity in Vero cells, which are deficient in the production of interferon (IFN), demonstrating its importance for the antiviral effect. Further, in A549 cells, we observed an enhanced type-I and type-III IFN response upon co-infection that appears to explain the antiviral potential of IAV DIPs. Finally, a lack of antiviral activity in the presence of the Janus kinase 1/2 (JAK1/2) inhibitor ruxolitinib was detected. This revealed a dependency of the antiviral activity on the JAK/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. Overall, this study supports the notion that IAV DIPs may be used as broad-spectrum antivirals to treat infections with a variety of IFN-sensitive viruses, particularly respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Pelz
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Elena Piagnani
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Marsall
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nancy Wynserski
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marc Dominique Hein
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Marichal-Gallardo
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Young Kupke
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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8
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Hu H, Feng Y, He ML. Targeting Type I Interferon Induction and Signaling: How Zika Virus Escapes from Host Innate Immunity. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:3015-3028. [PMID: 37416780 PMCID: PMC10321277 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.83056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causes neurological disorders and draws great attention. ZIKV infection can elicit a wide range of immune response. Type I interferons (IFNs) as well as its signaling cascade play crucial role in innate immunity against ZIKV infection and in turn ZIKV can antagonize them. ZIKV genome are mainly recognized by Toll-like receptors 3 (TLR3), TLR7/8 and RIG-I-like receptor 1 (RIG-1), which induces the expression of Type I IFNs and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). ISGs exert antiviral activity at different stages of the ZIKV life cycle. On the other hand, ZIKV takes multiple strategies to antagonize the Type Ⅰ IFN induction and its signaling pathway to establish a pathogenic infection, especially by using the viral nonstructural (NS) proteins. Most of the NS proteins can directly interact with the factors in the pathways to escape the innate immunity. In addition, structural proteins also participate in the innate immune evasion and activation of antibody-binding of blood dendritic cell antigen 2 (BDCA2) or inflammasome also be used to enhance ZIKV replication. In this review, we summarize the recent findings about the interaction between ZIKV infection and type I IFNs pathways and suggest potential strategies for antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaxiu Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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9
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Coldbeck-Shackley RC, Romeo O, Rosli S, Gearing LJ, Gould JA, Lim SS, Van der Hoek KH, Eyre NS, Shue B, Robertson SA, Best SM, Tate MD, Hertzog PJ, Beard MR. Constitutive expression and distinct properties of IFN-epsilon protect the female reproductive tract from Zika virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1010843. [PMID: 36897927 PMCID: PMC10032502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunological surveillance factors controlling vulnerability of the female reproductive tract (FRT) to sexually transmitted viral infections are not well understood. Interferon-epsilon (IFNɛ) is a distinct, immunoregulatory type-I IFN that is constitutively expressed by FRT epithelium and is not induced by pathogens like other antiviral IFNs α, β and λ. We show the necessity of IFNɛ for Zika Virus (ZIKV) protection by: increased susceptibility of IFNɛ-/- mice; their "rescue" by intravaginal recombinant IFNɛ treatment and blockade of protective endogenous IFNɛ by neutralising antibody. Complementary studies in human FRT cell lines showed IFNɛ had potent anti-ZIKV activity, associated with transcriptome responses similar to IFNλ but lacking the proinflammatory gene signature of IFNα. IFNɛ activated STAT1/2 pathways similar to IFNα and λ that were inhibited by ZIKV-encoded non-structural (NS) proteins, but not if IFNε exposure preceded infection. This scenario is provided by the constitutive expression of endogenous IFNε. However, the IFNɛ expression was not inhibited by ZIKV NS proteins despite their ability to antagonise the expression of IFNβ or λ. Thus, the constitutive expression of IFNɛ provides cellular resistance to viral strategies of antagonism and maximises the antiviral activity of the FRT. These results show that the unique spatiotemporal properties of IFNε provides an innate immune surveillance network in the FRT that is a significant barrier to viral infection with important implications for prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa C Coldbeck-Shackley
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ornella Romeo
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Rosli
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linden J Gearing
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jodee A Gould
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - San S Lim
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie H Van der Hoek
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicholas S Eyre
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Byron Shue
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sonja M Best
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton Montana, United States of America
| | - Michelle D Tate
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J Hertzog
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael R Beard
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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10
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Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging virus from the Flaviviridae family that is transmitted to humans by mosquito vectors and represents an important health problem. Infections in pregnant women are of major concern because of potential devastating consequences during pregnancy and have been associated with microcephaly in newborns. ZIKV has a unique ability to use the host machinery to promote viral replication in a tissue-specific manner, resulting in characteristic pathological disorders. Recent studies have proposed that the host ubiquitin system acts as a major determinant of ZIKV tropism by providing the virus with an enhanced ability to enter new cells. In addition, ZIKV has developed mechanisms to evade the host immune response, thereby allowing the establishment of viral persistence and enhancing viral pathogenesis. We discuss recent reports on the mechanisms used by ZIKV to replicate efficiently, and we highlight potential new areas of research for the development of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Giraldo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; ,
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Orozco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; ,
| | - Ricardo Rajsbaum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; ,
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Current affiliation: Center for Virus-Host-Innate-Immunity; Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases; and Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA;
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11
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Jiyarom B, Giannakopoulos S, Strange DP, Panova N, Gale M, Verma S. RIG-I and MDA5 are modulated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP6) and are essential for restricting Zika virus infection in human Sertoli cells. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1062499. [PMID: 36713156 PMCID: PMC9878278 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1062499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with virus persistence in the testes and shedding in the seminal fluid for months after recovery. We previously demonstrated that ZIKV can establish long-term replication without causing cytotoxicity in human Sertoli cells (SC), responsible for maintaining the immune privileged compartment of seminiferous tubules. Functional gene expression analyses also predicted activation of multiple virus sensing pathways including TLR3, RIG-I, and MDA5. Here, we elucidated which of the RNA virus sensing receptors play a decisive role in restricting ZIKV replication. We show that both poly I:C and IFN-β treatment induced a robust antiviral state and reduced ZIKV replication significantly, suggesting that virus sensing and antiviral signaling are functional in SC. Silencing of TLR3, 7, and 9 did not affect virus replication kinetics; however, both RIG-I and MDA5 played a synergistic role in inducing an anti-ZIKV response. Further, the impact of SC-specific immunosuppressive pathways that collectively regulate SC function, specifically the TGF-β superfamily members, TGF-β, Activin A, and BMP6, on ZIKV replication was investigated. While ZIKV did not modulate the expression of TGF-β and Activin A, BMP6 signaling was suppressed at later stages of infection. Notably, treatment with BMP6 increased IFN-β, p-IRF3, and p-STAT1 levels, and expression of key interferon-stimulated genes including MDA5, suggesting that BMP6 enhances antiviral response in SC. Collectively, this study further delineates the key role of the RIG-I-like receptors in sensing ZIKV in SC, and reveals a novel role of BMP6 in modulating innate immune and antiviral response in the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonyanudh Jiyarom
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Stefanos Giannakopoulos
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Daniel P. Strange
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Nataliya Panova
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Saguna Verma
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States,*Correspondence: Saguna Verma, ✉
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12
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Dong S, Xiao MZX, Liang Q. Modulation of cellular machineries by Zika virus-encoded proteins. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28243. [PMID: 36262094 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The strain of Zika virus (ZIKV) that circulated during the 2015 epidemic in Brazil has been associated with more than 2000 cases of microcephaly from September 2015 through November 2016. The viral genome determines the biology and pathogenesis of a virus and the virus employs its own gene products to evade host immune surveillance, manipulate cellular machineries, and establish efficient replication. Therefore, understanding the functions of virus-encoded protein not only aids the knowledge of ZIKV biology but also guides the development of anti-ZIKV drugs. In this review, we focus on 10 proteins encoded by ZIKV and summarize their functions in ZIKV replication and pathogenesis according to studies published in the past 6 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Dong
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maggie Z X Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qiming Liang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Novel Therapeutic Nutrients Molecules That Protect against Zika Virus Infection with a Special Note on Palmitoleate. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010124. [PMID: 36615782 PMCID: PMC9823984 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a Flavivirus from the Flaviviridae family and a positive-sense single strand RNA virus. ZIKV infection can cause a mild infection to the mother but can be vertically transmitted to the developing fetus, causing congenital anomalies. The prevalence of ZIKV infections was relatively insignificant with sporadic outbreaks in the Asian and African continents until 2006. However, recent epidemic in the Caribbean showed significant increased incidence of Congenital Zika Syndrome. ZIKV infection results in placental pathology which plays a crucial role in disease transmission from mother to fetus. Currently, there is no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved vaccine or therapeutic drug against ZIKV. This review article summarizes the recent advances on ZIKV transmission and diagnosis and reviews nutraceuticals which can protect against the ZIKV infection. Further, we have reviewed recent advances related to the novel therapeutic nutrient molecules that have been shown to possess activity against Zika virus infected cells. We also review the mechanism of ZIKV-induced endoplasmic reticulum and apoptosis and the protective role of palmitoleate (nutrient molecule) against ZIKV-induced ER stress and apoptosis in the placental trophoblasts.
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14
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Grass V, Hardy E, Kobert K, Talemi SR, Décembre E, Guy C, Markov PV, Kohl A, Paris M, Böckmann A, Muñoz-González S, Sherry L, Höfer T, Boussau B, Dreux M. Adaptation to host cell environment during experimental evolution of Zika virus. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1115. [PMID: 36271143 PMCID: PMC9587232 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03902-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can cause important developmental and neurological defects in Humans. Type I/III interferon responses control ZIKV infection and pathological processes, yet the virus has evolved various mechanisms to defeat these host responses. Here, we established a pipeline to delineate at high-resolution the genetic evolution of ZIKV in a controlled host cell environment. We uncovered that serially passaged ZIKV acquired increased infectivity and simultaneously developed a resistance to TLR3-induced restriction. We built a mathematical model that suggests that the increased infectivity is due to a reduced time-lag between infection and viral replication. We found that this adaptation is cell-type specific, suggesting that different cell environments may drive viral evolution along different routes. Deep-sequencing of ZIKV populations pinpointed mutations whose increased frequencies temporally coincide with the acquisition of the adapted phenotype. We functionally validated S455L, a substitution in ZIKV envelope (E) protein, recapitulating the adapted phenotype. Its positioning on the E structure suggests a putative function in protein refolding/stability. Taken together, our results uncovered ZIKV adaptations to the cellular environment leading to accelerated replication onset coupled with resistance to TLR3-induced antiviral response. Our work provides insights into Zika virus adaptation to host cells and immune escape mechanisms. In vitro analyses and computational modelling indicate that Zika virus adapts to the cellular environment of its host over time
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Grass
- CIRI, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Emilie Hardy
- CIRI, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Kassian Kobert
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive (LBBE), UMR CNRS 5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, 69622, France
| | - Soheil Rastgou Talemi
- Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Elodie Décembre
- CIRI, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Coralie Guy
- CIRI, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Peter V Markov
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive (LBBE), UMR CNRS 5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, 69622, France
| | - Alain Kohl
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Mathilde Paris
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Anja Böckmann
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, MMSB, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Sara Muñoz-González
- CIRI, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Lee Sherry
- CIRI, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Bastien Boussau
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive (LBBE), UMR CNRS 5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, 69622, France.
| | - Marlène Dreux
- CIRI, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France.
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15
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Modulation of SOCS3 Levels via STAT3 and Estrogen-ERαp66 Signaling during Hepatitis E Virus Replication in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. J Virol 2022; 96:e0100822. [PMID: 36102649 PMCID: PMC9555149 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01008-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection usually results in a self-limiting acute disease; however, in infected pregnant women, it is associated with increased mortality and fulminant hepatic failure. Estrogen is known to be elevated during pregnancy, and estrogen signaling via classical estrogen receptor-ERα is known to regulate hepatocyte function and host innate immune response, including the STAT3 pathway. In this study, we investigated whether the estrogen classical signaling pathway via ERαp66 has any effect on STAT3 activation during HEV replication and HEV-induced IFN response. We first demonstrated that Huh7-S10-3 liver cells expressed the nonfunctional estrogen receptor ERαp36 isoform and lack the functional ERαp66 isoform. We further showed persistent phosphorylated-STAT3 levels in genotype 3 human HEV (Kernow P6 strain) RNA-transfected cells at later time points. In Huh7-S10-3 cells, estrogen at first-to-third trimester concentration (7.3 to 73 nM) did not significantly affect HEV replication; however, blocking of STAT3 activation led to a decrease in the HEV ORF2 protein level. Our mechanistic study revealed that STAT3 differentially regulates SOCS3 and type-III interferon (IFN) levels during HEV replication and the presence of estrogen-ERαp66 signaling stabilizes SOCS3 levels in vitro. We also demonstrate that HEV infection in pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits led to a significant increase in IFN response as measured by increased levels of IFN-stimulated-gene-15 (ISG15) mRNA levels irrespective of pregnancy status. Collectively, the results indicate that estrogen signaling and STAT3 regulate SOCS3 and IFN responses in vitro during HEV replication. The results have important implications for understanding HEV replication and HEV-induced innate immune response in pregnant women. IMPORTANCE Hepatitis E is usually a self-resolving acute disease; however, in pregnant women, HEV infection is associated with high mortality and fulminant hepatic failure. During pregnancy, estrogen levels are elevated, and in the liver, the estrogen receptor ERα is predominant and estrogen signaling is known to regulate hepatocyte metabolism and leptin-induced STAT3 levels. Viruses can module host innate immune response via STAT3. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether STAT3 and estrogen-classical signaling via the ERαp66 pathway modulate HEV replication and HEV-induced innate immune response. We demonstrated that estrogen signaling did not affect HEV replication in human liver cells, but blocking of STAT3 activation reduced HEV capsid protein levels in human liver cells. We also showed that inhibition of STAT3 activation reduced SOCS3 levels, while the presence of the estrogen-ERαp66 signaling pathway stabilized SOCS3 levels. The results from this study will aid our understanding of the mechanism of HEV pathogenesis and immune response during pregnancy.
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16
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Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is unusual among flaviviruses in its ability to spread between humans through sexual contact, as well as by mosquitoes. Sexual transmission has the potential to change the epidemiology and geographic range of ZIKV compared to mosquito-borne transmission and potentially could produce distinct clinical manifestations, so it is important to understand the host mechanisms that control susceptibility to sexually transmitted ZIKV. ZIKV replicates poorly in wild-type mice following subcutaneous inoculation, so most ZIKV pathogenesis studies use mice lacking type I interferon (IFN-αβ) signaling (e.g., Ifnar1-/-). We found that wild-type mice support ZIKV replication following intravaginal infection, consistent with prior studies, although the infection remained localized to the lower female reproductive tract. Vaginal ZIKV infection required a high-progesterone state (pregnancy or pretreatment with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate [DMPA]) even in Ifnar1-/- mice that otherwise are highly susceptible to ZIKV infection. Progesterone-mediated susceptibility did not appear to result from a compromised epithelial barrier, blunted antiviral gene induction, or changes in vaginal leukocyte populations, leaving open the mechanism by which progesterone confers susceptibility to vaginal ZIKV infection. DMPA treatment is a key component of mouse vaginal infection models for herpes simplex virus and Chlamydia, but the mechanisms by which DMPA increases susceptibility to those pathogens also remain poorly defined. Understanding how progesterone mediates susceptibility to ZIKV vaginal infection may provide insights into host mechanisms influencing susceptibility to diverse sexually transmitted pathogens. IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted by mosquitoes, similar to other flaviviruses. However, ZIKV is unusual among flaviviruses in its ability also to spread through sexual transmission. We found that ZIKV was able to replicate in the vaginas of wild-type mice, even though these mice do not support ZIKV replication by other routes, suggesting that the vagina is particularly susceptible to ZIKV infection. Vaginal susceptibility was dependent on a high-progesterone state, which is a common feature of mouse vaginal infection models for other pathogens, through mechanisms that have remained poorly defined. Understanding how progesterone mediates susceptibility to ZIKV vaginal infection may provide insights into host mechanisms that influence susceptibility to diverse sexually transmitted pathogens.
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17
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Kumar A, Kumar D, Jose J, Giri R, Mysorekar IU. Drugs to limit Zika virus infection and implication for maternal-fetal health. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2022; 2. [PMID: 37064602 PMCID: PMC10104533 DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2022.928599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the placenta has robust defense mechanisms that protect the fetus from a viral infection, some viruses can manipulate or evade these mechanisms and disrupt physiology or cross the placental barrier. It is well established that the Zika virus is capable of vertical transmission from mother to fetus and can cause malformation of the fetal central nervous system (i.e., microcephaly), as well as Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults. This review seeks to gather and assess the contributions of translational research associated with Zika virus infection, including maternal-fetal vertical transmission of the virus. Nearly 200 inhibitors that have been evaluated in vivo and/or in vitro for their therapeutic properties against the Zika virus are summarized in this review. We also review the status of current vaccine candidates. Our main objective is to provide clinically relevant information that can guide future research directions and strategies for optimized treatment and preventive care of infections caused by Zika virus or similar pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO-Kamand, Mandi, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joyce Jose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, State College, United States
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO-Kamand, Mandi, India
| | - Indira U. Mysorekar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- CORRESPONDENCE Indira U. Mysorekar,
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18
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Mungin JW, Chen X, Liu B. Interferon Epsilon Signaling Confers Attenuated Zika Replication in Human Vaginal Epithelial Cells. Pathogens 2022; 11:853. [PMID: 36014974 PMCID: PMC9415962 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus that causes congenital birth defects and neurological compilations in the human host. Although ZIKV is primarily transmitted through infected mosquitos, recent studies reveal sexual contact as a potential transmission route. In vagina-bearing individuals, the vaginal epithelium constitutes the first line of defense against viruses. However, it is unclear how ZIKV interacts with the vaginal epithelium to initiate ZIKV transmission. In this study, we demonstrate that exposing ZIKV to human vaginal epithelial cells (hVECs) resulted in de novo viral RNA replication, increased envelope viral protein production, and a steady, extracellular release of infectious viral particles. Interestingly, our data show that, despite an increase in viral load, the hVECs did not exhibit significant cytopathology in culture as other cell types typically do. Furthermore, our data reveal that the innate antiviral state of hVECs plays a crucial role in preventing viral cytopathology. For the first time, our data show that interferon epsilon inhibits ZIKV replication. Collectively, our results in this study provide a novel perspective on the viral susceptibility and replication dynamics during ZIKV infection in the human vaginal epithelium. These findings will be instrumental towards developing therapeutic agents aimed at eliminating the pathology caused by the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bindong Liu
- Centers for AIDS Health Disparity Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (J.W.M.J.); (X.C.)
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19
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Balint E, Somani AA, Giles EC, Feng E, Vahedi F, Ashkar AA. Vaginal transmission causes prolonged Zika virus shedding in the vaginal mucosa and delays systemic dissemination. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:468-473. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Balint
- Department of Medicine McMaster Immunology Research Centre McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Armaan Amin Somani
- Department of Medicine McMaster Immunology Research Centre McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Elizabeth C Giles
- Department of Medicine McMaster Immunology Research Centre McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Emily Feng
- Department of Medicine McMaster Immunology Research Centre McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Fatemeh Vahedi
- Department of Medicine McMaster Immunology Research Centre McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Ali A Ashkar
- Department of Medicine McMaster Immunology Research Centre McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
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20
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Alphonse N, Dickenson RE, Alrehaili A, Odendall C. Functions of IFNλs in Anti-Bacterial Immunity at Mucosal Barriers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:857639. [PMID: 35663961 PMCID: PMC9159784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.857639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFNs), or IFNλs, are cytokines produced in response to microbial ligands. They signal through the IFNλ receptor complex (IFNLR), which is located on epithelial cells and select immune cells at barrier sites. As well as being induced during bacterial or viral infection, type III IFNs are produced in response to the microbiota in the lung and intestinal epithelium where they cultivate a resting antiviral state. While the multiple anti-viral activities of IFNλs have been extensively studied, their roles in immunity against bacteria are only recently emerging. Type III IFNs increase epithelial barrier integrity and protect from infection in the intestine but were shown to increase susceptibility to bacterial superinfections in the respiratory tract. Therefore, the effects of IFNλ can be beneficial or detrimental to the host during bacterial infections, depending on timing and biological contexts. This duality will affect the potential benefits of IFNλs as therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on IFNλ induction and signaling, as well as their roles at different barrier sites in the context of anti-bacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Alphonse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Immunoregulation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth E Dickenson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abrar Alrehaili
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Odendall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Cheng Y, Medina A, Yao Z, Basu M, Natekar JP, Lang J, Sanchez E, Nkembo MB, Xu C, Qian X, Nguyen PTT, Wen Z, Song H, Ming GL, Kumar M, Brinton MA, Li MMH, Tang H. Intrinsic antiviral immunity of barrier cells revealed by an iPSC-derived blood-brain barrier cellular model. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110885. [PMID: 35649379 PMCID: PMC9230077 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological blood-tissue barriers play a critical role in separating the circulation from immune-privileged sites and denying access to blood-borne viruses. The mechanism of virus restriction by these barriers is poorly understood. We utilize induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human brain microvascular endothelial cells (iBMECs) to study virus-blood-brain barrier (BBB) interactions. These iPSC-derived cells faithfully recapitulate a striking difference in in vivo neuroinvasion by two alphavirus isolates and are selectively permissive to neurotropic flaviviruses. A model of cocultured iBMECs and astrocytes exhibits high transendothelial electrical resistance and blocks non-neurotropic flaviviruses from getting across the barrier. We find that iBMECs constitutively express an interferon-induced gene, IFITM1, which preferentially restricts the replication of non-neurotropic flaviviruses. Barrier cells from blood-testis and blood-retinal barriers also constitutively express IFITMs that contribute to the viral resistance. Our application of a renewable human iPSC-based model for studying virus-BBB interactions reveals that intrinsic immunity at the barriers contributes to virus exclusion. Using a stem cell-derived cellular model and a panel of human pathogenic viruses, Cheng et al. show a mechanism by which some viruses can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and cause diseases in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Cheng
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Angelica Medina
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Zhenlan Yao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mausumi Basu
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jianshe Lang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Egan Sanchez
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Mezindia B Nkembo
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Chongchong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xuyu Qian
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phuong T T Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Margo A Brinton
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melody M H Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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22
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Shao X, Yu W, Yang Y, Wang F, Yu X, Wu H, Ma Y, Cao B, Wang YL. The mystery of the life tree: the placenta. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:301-316. [PMID: 35552600 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is the interface between the fetal and maternal environments during mammalian gestation, critically safeguarding the health of the developing fetus and the mother. Placental trophoblasts origin from embryonic trophectoderm that differentiates into various trophoblastic subtypes through villous and extravillous pathways. The trophoblasts actively interact with multiple decidual cells and immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface and thus construct fundamental functional units, which are responsible for blood perfusion, maternal-fetal material exchange, placental endocrine, immune tolerance, and adequate defense barrier against pathogen infection. Various pregnant complications are tightly associated with the defects in placental development and function maintenance. In this review, we summarize the current views and our recent progress on the mechanisms underlying the formation of placental functional units, the interactions among trophoblasts and various uterine cells, as well as the placental barrier against pathogen infections during pregnancy. The involvement of placental dysregulation in adverse pregnancy outcomes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhe Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yeling Ma
- Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Taylor BD, Criscitiello MF, Hernandez T, Norwood B, Noah A, Bazer FW. Interferon epsilon and preterm birth subtypes; a new piece of the type I interferon puzzle during pregnancy? Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 87:e13526. [PMID: 35147251 PMCID: PMC9978937 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Interferon epsilon (IFNε) is a unique type I IFN that is expressed in response to sex steroids. Studies suggest that type I IFNs regulate inflammation-induced preterm birth (PTB), but no study has examined the role of IFNε in human pregnancy. METHOD OF STUDY We used stored vaginal swabs between 8 and 26 weeks of gestation from the Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth (GAPPS) biobank and measured IFNε by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 29 women with spontaneous preterm births, 34 women with medically indicated preterm births, and 134 women with term births were included. Secondary outcomes included a preterm birth with chorioamnionitis and preeclampsia with a preterm birth. Logistic regression calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusting for maternal age, race, body mass index, prior pregnancy complications, lower genital tract infections, chronic health conditions, and gestational age at blood draw. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS There was no significant association between IFNε and spontaneous preterm birth (ORadj 1.0, 0.8-1.3) or chorioamnionitis (ORadj 1.6, 0.7-3.5). A trend toward increased odds of medically indicated preterm birth (ORadj . 1.3, 1.0-1.8) was observed. This was likely due to elevated IFNε among women with preterm preeclampsia (ORadj . 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.2). While exploratory, our novel findings suggest that larger longitudinal studies of IFNε across human pregnancy may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandie DePaoli Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Basic and Translational Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555,Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston, Galveston, Texas,Correspondence: Brandie DePaoli Taylor, PhD, MPH, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Basic and Translational Research, University of Texas Medical Branch ; phone: 409-772-7592
| | - Michael F. Criscitiello
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843,Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Tyne Hernandez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19143
| | - Brooke Norwood
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Akawinyene Noah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Basic and Translational Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555,Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - Fuller W. Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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24
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Rodriguez-Hernandez CJ, Sokoloski KJ, Stocke KS, Dukka H, Jin S, Metzler MA, Zaitsev K, Shpak B, Shen D, Miller DP, Artyomov MN, Lamont RJ, Bagaitkar J. Microbiome-mediated incapacitation of interferon lambda production in the oral mucosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2105170118. [PMID: 34921113 PMCID: PMC8713781 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105170118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we show that Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), an endogenous oral pathogen, dampens all aspects of interferon (IFN) signaling in a manner that is strikingly similar to IFN suppression employed by multiple viral pathogens. Pg suppressed IFN production by down-regulating several IFN regulatory factors (IRFs 1, 3, 7, and 9), proteolytically degrading STAT1 and suppressing the nuclear translocation of the ISGF3 complex, resulting in profound and systemic repression of multiple interferon-stimulated genes. Pg-induced IFN paralysis was not limited to murine models but was also observed in the oral tissues of human periodontal disease patients, where overabundance of Pg correlated with suppressed IFN generation. Mechanistically, multiple virulence factors and secreted proteases produced by Pg transcriptionally suppressed IFN promoters and also cleaved IFN receptors, making cells refractory to exogenous IFN and inducing a state of broad IFN paralysis. Thus, our data show a bacterial pathogen with equivalence to viruses in the down-regulation of host IFN signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Kevin J Sokoloski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Kendall S Stocke
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Himabindu Dukka
- Department of Diagnosis and Oral Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Shunying Jin
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Melissa A Metzler
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Konstantin Zaitsev
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Boris Shpak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Daonan Shen
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Daniel P Miller
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202;
| | - Juhi Bagaitkar
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202;
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25
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Azamor T, Cunha DP, da Silva AMV, Bezerra OCDL, Ribeiro-Alves M, Calvo TL, Kehdy FDSG, Manta FDN, Pinto TGDT, Ferreira LP, Portari EA, Guida LDC, Gomes L, Moreira MEL, de Carvalho EF, Cardoso CC, Muller M, Ano Bom APD, Neves PCDC, Vasconcelos Z, Moraes MO. Congenital Zika Syndrome Is Associated With Interferon Alfa Receptor 1. Front Immunol 2021; 12:764746. [PMID: 34899713 PMCID: PMC8657619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.764746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Host factors that influence Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) outcome remain elusive. Interferons have been reported as the main antiviral factor in Zika and other flavivirus infections. Here, we accessed samples from 153 pregnant women (77 without and 76 with CZS) and 143 newborns (77 without and 66 with CZS) exposed to ZIKV conducted a case-control study to verify whether interferon alfa receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and interferon lambda 2 and 4 (IFNL2/4) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute to CZS outcome, and characterized placenta gene expression profile at term. Newborns carrying CG/CC genotypes of rs2257167 in IFNAR1 presented higher risk of developing CZS (OR=3.41; IC=1.35-8.60; Pcorrected=0.032). No association between IFNL SNPs and CZS was observed. Placenta from CZS cases displayed lower levels of IFNL2 and ISG15 along with higher IFIT5. The rs2257167 CG/CC placentas also demonstrated high levels of IFIT5 and inflammation-related genes. We found CZS to be related with exacerbated type I IFN and insufficient type III IFN in placenta at term, forming an unbalanced response modulated by the IFNAR1 rs2257167 genotype. Despite of the low sample size se findings shed light on the host-pathogen interaction focusing on the genetically regulated type I/type III IFN axis that could lead to better management of Zika and other TORCH (Toxoplasma, Others, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes) congenital infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiris Azamor
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Vice-Diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela Prado Cunha
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa Marques Vieira da Silva
- Vice-Diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thyago Leal Calvo
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Elyzabeth Avvad Portari
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia da Cunha Guida
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Gomes
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabeth Lopes Moreira
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Cynthia Chester Cardoso
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Muller
- Vice-Diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dinis Ano Bom
- Vice-Diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Zilton Vasconcelos
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milton Ozório Moraes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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26
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Balint E, Montemarano A, Feng E, Ashkar AA. From Mosquito Bites to Sexual Transmission: Evaluating Mouse Models of Zika Virus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112244. [PMID: 34835050 PMCID: PMC8625727 DOI: 10.3390/v13112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in Latin America, ZIKV has emerged as a global health threat due to its ability to induce neurological disease in both adults and the developing fetus. ZIKV is largely mosquito-borne and is now endemic in many parts of Africa, Asia, and South America. However, several reports have demonstrated persistent ZIKV infection of the male reproductive tract and evidence of male-to-female sexual transmission of ZIKV. Sexual transmission may broaden the reach of ZIKV infections beyond its current geographical limits, presenting a significant threat worldwide. Several mouse models of ZIKV infection have been developed to investigate ZIKV pathogenesis and develop effective vaccines and therapeutics. However, the majority of these models focus on mosquito-borne infection, while few have considered the impact of sexual transmission on immunity and pathogenesis. This review will examine the advantages and disadvantages of current models of mosquito-borne and sexually transmitted ZIKV and provide recommendations for the effective use of ZIKV mouse models.
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27
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Walker FC, Sridhar PR, Baldridge MT. Differential roles of interferons in innate responses to mucosal viral infections. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:1009-1023. [PMID: 34629295 PMCID: PMC8496891 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are among the first vertebrate immune pathways activated upon viral infection and are crucial for control of viral replication and dissemination, especially at mucosal surfaces as key locations for host exposure to pathogens. Inhibition of viral establishment and spread at and from these mucosal sites is paramount for preventing severe disease, while concomitantly limiting putative detrimental effects of inflammation. Here, we compare the roles of type I, II, and III IFNs in regulating three archetypal viruses - norovirus, herpes simplex virus, and severe acute respiratory virus coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - which infect distinct mammalian mucosal tissues. Emerging paradigms include highly specific roles for IFNs in limiting local versus systemic infection, synergistic activities, and a spectrum of protective versus detrimental effects of IFNs during the infection response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest C Walker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pratyush R Sridhar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Megan T Baldridge
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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28
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Foo SS, Cambou MC, Mok T, Fajardo VM, Jung KL, Fuller T, Chen W, Kerin T, Mei J, Bhattacharya D, Choi Y, Wu X, Xia T, Shin WJ, Cranston J, Aldrovandi G, Tobin N, Contreras D, Ibarrondo FJ, Yang O, Yang S, Garner O, Cortado R, Bryson Y, Janzen C, Ghosh S, Devaskar S, Asilnejad B, Moreira ME, Vasconcelos Z, Soni PR, Gibson LC, Brasil P, Comhair SA, Arumugaswami V, Erzurum SC, Rao R, Jung JU, Nielsen-Saines K. The systemic inflammatory landscape of COVID-19 in pregnancy: Extensive serum proteomic profiling of mother-infant dyads with in utero SARS-CoV-2. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100453. [PMID: 34723226 PMCID: PMC8549189 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While pregnancy increases the risk for severe COVID-19, the clinical and immunological implications of COVID-19 on maternal-fetal health remain unknown. Here, we present the clinical and immunological landscapes of 93 COVID-19 mothers and 45 of their SARS-CoV-2-exposed infants through comprehensive serum proteomics profiling for >1,400 cytokines of their peripheral and cord blood specimens. Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory immune activation. Pregnant women with severe COVID-19 show increased inflammation and unique IFN-λ antiviral signaling, with elevated levels of IFNL1 and IFNLR1. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection re-shapes maternal immunity at delivery, altering the expression of pregnancy complication-associated cytokines, inducing MMP7, MDK, and ESM1 and reducing BGN and CD209. Finally, COVID-19-exposed infants exhibit induction of T cell-associated cytokines (IL33, NFATC3, and CCL21), while some undergo IL-1β/IL-18/CASP1 axis-driven neonatal respiratory distress despite birth at term. Our findings demonstrate COVID-19-induced immune rewiring in both mothers and neonates, warranting long-term clinical follow-up to mitigate potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suan-Sin Foo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mary Catherine Cambou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thalia Mok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Viviana M. Fajardo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kyle L. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Trevon Fuller
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tara Kerin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jenny Mei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Debika Bhattacharya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Younho Choi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jessica Cranston
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Grace Aldrovandi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicole Tobin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Deisy Contreras
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Francisco J. Ibarrondo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Otto Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shangxin Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Omai Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ruth Cortado
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yvonne Bryson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carla Janzen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shubhamoy Ghosh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sherin Devaskar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brenda Asilnejad
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | | | - Zilton Vasconcelos
- Instituto Fernades Figueira, Fiocruz, Flamengo, Rio de Janeiro 20140-360, Brazil
| | - Priya R. Soni
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90049, USA
| | - L. Caroline Gibson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90049, USA
| | - Patricia Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Suzy A.A. Comhair
- Respiratory Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Serpil C. Erzurum
- Respiratory Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Rashmi Rao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Corresponding author
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29
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Patel MV, Hopkins DC, Barr FD, Wira CR. Sex Hormones and Aging Modulate Interferon Lambda 1 Production and Signaling by Human Uterine Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718380. [PMID: 34630393 PMCID: PMC8497887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) have potent effects on immune function in the human uterine endometrium which is essential for creating an environment conducive for successful reproduction. Type III/lambda (λ) interferons (IFN) are implicated in immune defense of the placenta against viral pathogens, which occurs against the backdrop of high E2 and P levels. However, the effect of E2 and P in modulating the expression and function of IFNλ1 in the non-pregnant human uterine endometrium is unknown. We generated purified in vitro cultures of human uterine epithelial cells and stromal fibroblast cells recovered from hysterectomy specimens. Poly (I:C), a viral dsRNA mimic, potently increased secretion of IFNλ1 by both epithelial cells and fibroblasts. The secretion of IFNλ1 by epithelial cells significantly increased with increasing age following poly (I:C) stimulation. Stimulation of either cell type with E2 (5x10-8M) or P (1x10-7M) had no effect on expression or secretion of IFNλ1 either alone or in the presence of poly (I:C). E2 suppressed the IFNλ1-induced upregulation of the antiviral IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) MxA, OAS2 and ISG15 in epithelial cells, but not fibroblasts. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) blockade using Raloxifene indicated that E2 mediated its inhibitory effects on ISG expression via ERα. In contrast to E2, P potentiated the upregulation of ISG15 in response to IFNλ1 but had no effect on MxA and OAS2 in epithelial cells. Our results demonstrate that the effects of E2 and P on IFNλ1-induced ISGs are cell-type specific. E2-mediated suppression, and selective P-mediated stimulation, of IFNλ1-induced ISG expression in uterine epithelial cells suggest that the effects of IFNλ1 varies with menstrual cycle stage, pregnancy, and menopausal status. The suppressive effect of E2 could be a potential mechanism by which ascending pathogens from the lower reproductive tract can infect the pregnant and non-pregnant endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickey V. Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
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30
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Filgueiras IS, Torrentes de Carvalho A, Cunha DP, Mathias da Fonseca DL, El Khawanky N, Freire PP, Cabral-Miranda G, Schimke LF, Camara NOS, Ochs HD, Peron JPS, Cabral-Marques O, de Vasconcelos ZFM. The clinical spectrum and immunopathological mechanisms underlying ZIKV-induced neurological manifestations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009575. [PMID: 34351896 PMCID: PMC8341629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 2015 to 2016 outbreak in America, Zika virus (ZIKV) infected almost 900,000 patients. This international public health emergency was mainly associated with a significant increase in the number of newborns with congenital microcephaly and abnormal neurologic development, known as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Furthermore, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), a neuroimmune disorder of adults, has also been associated with ZIKV infection. Currently, the number of ZIKV-infected patients has decreased, and most of the cases recently reported present as a mild and self-limiting febrile illness. However, based on its natural history of a typical example of reemerging pathogen and the lack of specific therapeutic options against ZIKV infection, new outbreaks can occur worldwide, demanding the attention of researchers and government authorities. Here, we discuss the clinical spectrum and immunopathological mechanisms underlying ZIKV-induced neurological manifestations. Several studies have confirmed the tropism of ZIKV for neural progenitor stem cells by demonstrating the presence of ZIKV in the central nervous system (CNS) during fetal development, eliciting a deleterious inflammatory response that compromises neurogenesis and brain formation. Of note, while the neuropathology of CZS can be due to a direct viral neuropathic effect, adults may develop neuroimmune manifestations such as GBS due to poorly understood mechanisms. Antiganglioside autoantibodies have been detected in multiple patients with ZIKV infection-associated GBS, suggesting a molecular mimicry. However, further additional immunopathological mechanisms remain to be uncovered, paving the way for new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Salerno Filgueiras
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Torrentes de Carvalho
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology of Federal University of Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela Prado Cunha
- Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Nadia El Khawanky
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paula Paccielli Freire
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Cabral-Miranda
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lena F. Schimke
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hans D. Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Otávio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analyses and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Hadziselimovic F. Viral infections that alter estrogen levels during pregnancy may contribute to the etiology of cryptorchidism. Basic Clin Androl 2021; 31:16. [PMID: 34233607 PMCID: PMC8265119 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-021-00135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptorchidism is as common as type 2 diabetes or celiac disease. Boys with congenital cryptorchidism are at increased risk of infertility and testicular cancer. Zika syndrome, which affects pregnant women, is associated with a high incidence of undescended testes in the infant, accompanied by epididymal anomalies. Zika and influenza virus infections during pregnancy trigger a strong anti-inflammatory immune response and elevated estradiol levels. Elevated estradiol and α-fetoprotein in syncytiotrophoblasts from women who have given birth to cryptorchid boys are indicative of increased estradiol levels in the fetus. Here, I present a hypothesis that hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, cryptorchidism, and retarded epididymal development may be due to elevated fetal estradiol levels caused by viral infection during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Hadziselimovic
- Cryptorchidism Research Institute, Children's day care center Liestal, Liestal, Switzerland.
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32
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Nakayama E, Kato F, Tajima S, Ogawa S, Yan K, Takahashi K, Sato Y, Suzuki T, Kawai Y, Inagaki T, Taniguchi S, Le TT, Tang B, Prow NA, Uda A, Maeki T, Lim CK, Khromykh AA, Suhrbier A, Saijo M. Neuroinvasiveness of the MR766 strain of Zika virus in IFNAR-/- mice maps to prM residues conserved amongst African genotype viruses. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009788. [PMID: 34310650 PMCID: PMC8341709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) strains are classified into the African and Asian genotypes. The higher virulence of the African MR766 strain, which has been used extensively in ZIKV research, in adult IFNα/β receptor knockout (IFNAR-/-) mice is widely viewed as an artifact associated with mouse adaptation due to at least 146 passages in wild-type suckling mouse brains. To gain insights into the molecular determinants of MR766's virulence, a series of genes from MR766 were swapped with those from the Asian genotype PRVABC59 isolate, which is less virulent in IFNAR-/- mice. MR766 causes 100% lethal infection in IFNAR-/- mice, but when the prM gene of MR766 was replaced with that of PRVABC59, the chimera MR/PR(prM) showed 0% lethal infection. The reduced virulence was associated with reduced neuroinvasiveness, with MR766 brain titers ≈3 logs higher than those of MR/PR(prM) after subcutaneous infection, but was not significantly different in brain titers of MR766 and MR/PR(prM) after intracranial inoculation. MR/PR(prM) also showed reduced transcytosis when compared with MR766 in vitro. The high neuroinvasiveness of MR766 in IFNAR-/- mice could be linked to the 10 amino acids that differ between the prM proteins of MR766 and PRVABC59, with 5 of these changes affecting positive charge and hydrophobicity on the exposed surface of the prM protein. These 10 amino acids are highly conserved amongst African ZIKV isolates, irrespective of suckling mouse passage, arguing that the high virulence of MR766 in adult IFNAR-/- mice is not the result of mouse adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Nakayama
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fumihiro Kato
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tajima
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Ogawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kexin Yan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kenta Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Sato
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawai
- Management Department of Biosafety and Laboratory Animal, Division of Biosafety Control and Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Inagaki
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thuy T. Le
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie A. Prow
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, The University of Queensland and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Akihiko Uda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeki
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chang-Kweng Lim
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, The University of Queensland and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, The University of Queensland and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Goel RR, Kotenko SV, Kaplan MJ. Interferon lambda in inflammation and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:349-362. [PMID: 33907323 PMCID: PMC8077192 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interferons are potent antiviral cytokines that modulate immunity in response to infection or other danger signals. In addition to their antiviral functions, type I interferons (IFNα and IFNβ) are important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Type III interferons (IFNλs) were initially described as a specialized system that inhibits viral replication at epithelial barrier surfaces while limiting inflammatory damage. However, evidence now suggests that type III interferons have complex effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses and might also be pathogenic in systemic autoimmune diseases. Concentrations of IFNλs are increased in blood and tissues in a number of autoimmune rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, and are further associated with specific clinical and laboratory parameters. This Review is aimed at providing a critical evaluation of the current literature on IFNλ biology and how type III interferons might contribute to immune dysregulation and tissue damage in autoimmunity. The potential effects of type III interferons on treatment strategies for autoimmune rheumatic diseases, such as interferon blockade, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R Goel
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sergei V Kotenko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Cell Signaling, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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34
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Vadakedath S, Kandi V, Mohapatra RK, Pinnelli VBK, Yegurla RR, Shahapur PR, Godishala V, Natesan S, Vora KS, Sharun K, Tiwari R, Bilal M, Dhama K. Immunological aspects and gender bias during respiratory viral infections including novel Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): A scoping review. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5295-5309. [PMID: 33990972 PMCID: PMC8242919 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human immune system is not adequately equipped to eliminate new microbes and could result in serious damage on first exposure. This is primarily attributed to the exaggerated immune response (inflammatory disease), which may prove detrimental to the host, as evidenced by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. From the experiences of Novel Coronavirus Disease‐19 to date, male patients are likely to suffer from high‐intensity inflammation and disease severity than the female population. Hormones are considered the significant pillars of sex differences responsible for the discrepancy in immune response exhibited by males and females. Females appear to be better equipped to counter invading respiratory viral pathogens, including the novel SARS‐CoV‐2, than males. It can be hypothesized that females are more shielded from disease severity, probably owing to the diverse action/influence of estrogen and other sex hormones on both cellular (thymus‐derived T lymphocytes) and humoral immunity (antibodies). Hormones are considered as significant pillars of sex differences and influence both the innate as well as adaptive immune responses. Sex hormones and their potential role in the immune responses has not been completely understood. Females are more shielded from disease severity probably owing to their unique hormonal constitution. In females, the immunological cells have been noted to restrict the spread of infections as compared to males. Males suffer from increased severity of respiratory infections and are less prone to autoimmune disorders as compared to the female counterparts. Estrogen and other sex hormones play a key role both in restricting the inflammatory responses and in effective clearance of pathogens including the novel Coronairus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabitha Vadakedath
- Department of Biochemistry, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
| | - Venkata B K Pinnelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Richa R Yegurla
- Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India
| | | | - Vikram Godishala
- Department of Biotechnology, Ganapthi Degree College, Parakal, Telangana, India
| | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Ganghinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kranti S Vora
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Ganghinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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35
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Schnepf D, Crotta S, Thamamongood T, Stanifer M, Polcik L, Ohnemus A, Vier J, Jakob C, Llorian M, Gad HH, Hartmann R, Strobl B, Kirschnek S, Boulant S, Schwemmle M, Wack A, Staeheli P. Selective Janus kinase inhibition preserves interferon-λ-mediated antiviral responses. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabd5318. [PMID: 33990378 PMCID: PMC7610871 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd5318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are frequently treated with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors to diminish cytokine signaling. These treatments can lead to inadvertent immune suppression and may increase the risk of viral infection. Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a JAK family member required for efficient type I interferon (IFN-α/β) signaling. We report here that selective TYK2 inhibition preferentially blocked potentially detrimental type I IFN signaling, whereas IFN-λ-mediated responses were largely preserved. In contrast, the clinically used JAK1/2 inhibitor baricitinib was equally potent in blocking IFN-α/β- or IFN-λ-driven responses. Mechanistically, we showed that epithelial cells did not require TYK2 for IFN-λ-mediated signaling or antiviral protection. TYK2 deficiency diminished IFN-α-induced protection against lethal influenza virus infection in mice but did not impair IFN-λ-mediated antiviral protection. Our findings suggest that selective TYK2 inhibitors used in place of broadly acting JAK1/2 inhibitors may represent a superior treatment option for type I interferonopathies to counteract inflammatory responses while preserving antiviral protection mediated by IFN-λ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefania Crotta
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Thiprampai Thamamongood
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Megan Stanifer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Polcik
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Ohnemus
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Vier
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Celia Jakob
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Llorian
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Hans Henrik Gad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Kirschnek
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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36
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Li X, Peng T. Strategy, Progress, and Challenges of Drug Repurposing for Efficient Antiviral Discovery. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:660710. [PMID: 34017257 PMCID: PMC8129523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.660710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging or re-emerging viruses are still major threats to public health. Prophylactic vaccines represent the most effective way to prevent virus infection; however, antivirals are more promising for those viruses against which vaccines are not effective enough or contemporarily unavailable. Because of the slow pace of novel antiviral discovery, the high disuse rates, and the substantial cost, repurposing of the well-characterized therapeutics, either approved or under investigation, is becoming an attractive strategy to identify the new directions to treat virus infections. In this review, we described recent progress in identifying broad-spectrum antivirals through drug repurposing. We defined the two major categories of the repurposed antivirals, direct-acting repurposed antivirals (DARA) and host-targeting repurposed antivirals (HTRA). Under each category, we summarized repurposed antivirals with potential broad-spectrum activity against a variety of viruses and discussed the possible mechanisms of action. Finally, we proposed the potential investigative directions of drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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37
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Pletnev AG, Maximova OA, Liu G, Kenney H, Nagata BM, Zagorodnyaya T, Moore I, Chumakov K, Tsetsarkin KA. Epididymal epithelium propels early sexual transmission of Zika virus in the absence of interferon signaling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2469. [PMID: 33927207 PMCID: PMC8084954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of Zika virus (ZIKV) sexual transmission (ST) among humans challenges our understanding of the maintenance of mosquito-borne viruses in nature. Here we dissected the relative contributions of the components of male reproductive system (MRS) during early male-to-female ZIKV transmission by utilizing mice with altered antiviral responses, in which ZIKV is provided an equal opportunity to be seeded in the MRS tissues. Using microRNA-targeted ZIKV clones engineered to abolish viral infectivity to different parts of the MRS or a library of ZIKV genomes with unique molecular identifiers, we pinpoint epithelial cells of the epididymis (rather than cells of the testis, vas deferens, prostate, or seminal vesicles) as a most likely source of the sexually transmitted ZIKV genomes during the early (most productive) phase of ZIKV shedding into the semen. Incorporation of this mechanistic knowledge into the development of a live-attenuated ZIKV vaccine restricts its ST potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Pletnev
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olga A Maximova
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guangping Liu
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather Kenney
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bianca M Nagata
- Infectious Disease and Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Tatiana Zagorodnyaya
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ian Moore
- Infectious Disease and Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Konstantin Chumakov
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Konstantin A Tsetsarkin
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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38
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Ryan FJ, Carr JM, Furtado JM, Ma Y, Ashander LM, Simões M, Oliver GF, Granado GB, Dawson AC, Michael MZ, Appukuttan B, Lynn DJ, Smith JR. Zika Virus Infection of Human Iris Pigment Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:644153. [PMID: 33968035 PMCID: PMC8100333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.644153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent Zika epidemics, adults infected with Zika virus (ZIKV) have developed organ-specific inflammatory complications. The most serious Zika-associated inflammatory eye disease is uveitis, which is commonly anterior in type, affecting both eyes and responding to corticosteroid eye drops. Mechanisms of Zika-associated anterior uveitis are unknown, but ZIKV has been identified in the aqueous humor of affected individuals. The iris pigment epithelium is a target cell population in viral anterior uveitis, and it acts to maintain immune privilege within the anterior eye. Interactions between ZIKV and human iris pigment epithelial cells were investigated with infectivity assays and RNA-sequencing. Primary cell isolates were prepared from eyes of 20 cadaveric donors, and infected for 24 hours with PRVABC59 strain ZIKV or incubated uninfected as control. Cytoimmunofluorescence, RT-qPCR on total cellular RNA, and focus-forming assays of culture supernatant showed cell isolates were permissive to infection, and supported replication and release of infectious ZIKV. To explore molecular responses of cell isolates to ZIKV infection at the whole transcriptome level, RNA was sequenced on the Illumina NextSeq 500 platform, and results were aligned to the human GRCh38 genome. Multidimensional scaling showed clear separation between transcriptomes of infected and uninfected cell isolates. Differential expression analysis indicated a vigorous molecular response of the cell to ZIKV: 7,935 genes were differentially expressed between ZIKV-infected and uninfected cells (FDR < 0.05), and 99% of 613 genes that changed at least two-fold were up-regulated. Reactome and KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses indicated strong activation of viral recognition and defense, in addition to biosynthesis processes. A CHAT network included 6275 molecular nodes and 24 contextual hubs in the cell response to ZIKV infection. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1) was the most significantly connected contextual hub. Correlation of gene expression with read counts assigned to the ZIKV genome identified a negative correlation between interferon signaling and viral load across isolates. This work represents the first investigation of mechanisms of Zika-associated anterior uveitis using an in vitro human cell model. The results suggest the iris pigment epithelium mounts a molecular response that limits intraocular pathology in most individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feargal J Ryan
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jillian M Carr
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - João M Furtado
- Ophthalmology Division, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Yuefang Ma
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Liam M Ashander
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Milena Simões
- Ophthalmology Division, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Genevieve F Oliver
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - G Bracho Granado
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Abby C Dawson
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Z Michael
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Binoy Appukuttan
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - David J Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Justine R Smith
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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Zhao L, Hao Y, Song Z, Fan Y, Li S. TRIM37 negatively regulates inflammatory responses induced by virus infection via controlling TRAF6 ubiquitination. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 556:87-92. [PMID: 33839419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Virus-induced cytokine storm has been a devastating actuality in clinic. The abnormal production of type I interferon (IFN-1) and upregulation of multiple cytokines induced strong inflammation and thus lead to shock and organ failure. As an E3 ubiquitin ligase, tripartite motif-containing 37 (TRIM37) regulates the ubiquitination of multiple proteins including TRAFs. RNA sequencing was performed to investigated the alteration of transcriptional profile of H1N1-infected patients. qRT-PCR assay was performed to investigate the RNA levels of certain genes. The group of immune cells was examined by the Flow cytometry analysis. H&E staining was applied to evaluate lung inflammation of WT and TRIM37-KO mice. ELISA assay was performed to demonstrate the alteration of multiple cytokines. The protein levels in NF-kB signaling was estimated by western blotting and immunoprecipitation assays were applied to demonstrate the direct interaction between TRIM37 and TRAF-6. The RNA level of TRIM37 decreased in CD11b+ cells of Flu-infected patients. Knockout of TRIM37 inhibited the immune responses of H1N1-infected mice. TRIM37 deficiency reduced the levels of virous proinflammatory cytokines in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). Mechanically, TRIM37 promoted the K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF6. TRIM37 negatively regulated inflammatory responses induced by virus infection via promoting TRAF6 ubiquitination at K63.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanyan Hao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhuohui Song
- Department of Physiology, Changzhi Medical College, No.161 Jiefang East Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Functional Comprehensive Laboratory, Changzhi Medical College, No.161 Jiefang East Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Shufen Li
- Department of Physiology, Changzhi Medical College, No.161 Jiefang East Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China.
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Chloroquine and Sulfadoxine Derivatives Inhibit ZIKV Replication in Cervical Cells. Viruses 2020; 13:v13010036. [PMID: 33383619 PMCID: PMC7823661 DOI: 10.3390/v13010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the severe morbidity caused by Zika fever, its specific treatment is still a challenge for public health. Several research groups have investigated the drug repurposing of chloroquine. However, the highly toxic side effect induced by chloroquine paves the way for the improvement of this drug for use in Zika fever clinics. Our aim is to evaluate the anti-Zika virus (ZIKV) effect of hybrid compounds derived from chloroquine and sulfadoxine antimalarial drugs. The antiviral activity of hybrid compounds (C-Sd1 to C-Sd7) was assessed in an in-vitro model of human cervical and Vero cell lines infected with a Brazilian (BR) ZIKV strain. First, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect on cultures treated with up to 200 µM of C-Sds and observed CC50 values that ranged from 112.0 ± 1.8 to >200 µM in cervical cells and 43.2 ± 0.4 to 143.0 ± 1.3 µM in Vero cells. Then, the cultures were ZIKV-infected and treated with up to 25 µM of C-Sds for 48 h. The treatment of cervical cells with C-Sds at 12 µM induced a reduction of 79.8% ± 4.2% to 90.7% ± 1.5% of ZIKV-envelope glycoprotein expression in infected cells as compared to 36.8% ± 2.9% of infection in vehicle control. The viral load was also investigated and revealed a reduction of 2- to 3-logs of ZIKV genome copies/mL in culture supernatants compared to 6.7 ± 0.7 × 108 copies/mL in vehicle control. The dose-response curve by plaque-forming reduction (PFR) in cervical cells revealed a potent dose-dependent activity of C-Sds in inhibiting ZIKV replication, with PFR above 50% and 90% at 6 and 12 µM, respectively, while 25 µM inhibited 100% of viral progeny. The treatment of Vero cells at 12 µM led to 100% PFR, confirming the C-Sds activity in another cell type. Regarding effective concentration in cervical cells, the EC50 values ranged from 3.2 ± 0.1 to 5.0 ± 0.2 µM, and the EC90 values ranged from 7.2 ± 0.1 to 11.6 ± 0.1 µM, with selectivity index above 40 for most C-Sds, showing a good therapeutic window. Here, our aim is to investigate the anti-ZIKV activity of new hybrid compounds that show highly potent efficacy as inhibitors of ZIKV in-vitro infection. However, further studies will be needed to investigate whether these new chemical structures can lead to the improvement of chloroquine antiviral activity.
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Lacroix G, Gouyer V, Gottrand F, Desseyn JL. The Cervicovaginal Mucus Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218266. [PMID: 33158227 PMCID: PMC7663572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm births are a global health priority that affects 15 million babies every year worldwide. There are no effective prognostic and therapeutic strategies relating to preterm delivery, but uterine infections appear to be a major cause. The vaginal epithelium is covered by the cervicovaginal mucus, which is essential to health because of its direct involvement in reproduction and functions as a selective barrier by sheltering the beneficial lactobacilli while helping to clear pathogens. During pregnancy, the cervical canal is sealed with a cervical mucus plug that prevents the vaginal flora from ascending toward the uterine compartment, which protects the fetus from pathogens. Abnormalities of the cervical mucus plug and bacterial vaginosis are associated with a higher risk of preterm delivery. This review addresses the current understanding of the cervicovaginal mucus and the cervical mucus plug and their interactions with the microbial communities in both the physiological state and bacterial vaginosis, with a focus on gel-forming mucins. We also review the current state of knowledge of gel-forming mucins contained in mouse cervicovaginal mucus and the mouse models used to study bacterial vaginosis.
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42
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Premzl M. Comparative genomic analysis of eutherian interferon genes. Genomics 2020; 112:4749-4759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Interferon-λ Enhances the Differentiation of Naive B Cells into Plasmablasts via the mTORC1 Pathway. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Wang R, Gornalusse GG, Kim Y, Pandey U, Hladik F, Vojtech L. Potent Restriction of Sexual Zika Virus Infection by the Lipid Fraction of Extracellular Vesicles in Semen. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:574054. [PMID: 33133043 PMCID: PMC7550675 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.574054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission from men to women occurs less frequently than the often-detected high viral loads in semen would suggest, but worries that this transmission route predisposes to fetal damage in pregnant women remain. To better understand sexual ZIKV pathogenesis, we studied the permissiveness of the human female genital tract to infection and the effect of semen on this process. ZIKV replicates in vaginal tissues and primary epithelial cells from the vagina, ectocervix, and endocervix and induces an innate immune response, but also continues to replicate without cytopathic effect. Infection of genital cells and tissues is strongly inhibited by extracellular vesicles (EV) in semen at physiological vesicle-to-virus ratios. Liposomes with the same composition as semen EVs also impair infection, indicating that the EV’s lipid fraction, rather than their protein or RNA cargo, is responsible for this anti-viral effect. Thus, EVs in semen potently restrict ZIKV transmission, but the virus propagates well once infection in the recipient mucosa has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Germán G Gornalusse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Urvashi Pandey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Florian Hladik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lucia Vojtech
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Sharp TM, Quandelacy TM, Adams LE, Aponte JT, Lozier MJ, Ryff K, Flores M, Rivera A, Santiago GA, Muñoz-Jordán JL, Alvarado LI, Rivera-Amill V, Garcia-Negrón M, Waterman SH, Paz-Bailey G, Johansson MA, Rivera-Garcia B. Epidemiologic and spatiotemporal trends of Zika Virus disease during the 2016 epidemic in Puerto Rico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008532. [PMID: 32956416 PMCID: PMC7529257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged in the Americas, laboratory-based surveillance for arboviral diseases in Puerto Rico was adapted to include ZIKV disease. Methods and findings Suspected cases of arboviral disease reported to Puerto Rico Department of Health were tested for evidence of infection with Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses by RT-PCR and IgM ELISA. To describe spatiotemporal trends among confirmed ZIKV disease cases, we analyzed the relationship between municipality-level socio-demographic, climatic, and spatial factors, and both time to detection of the first ZIKV disease case and the midpoint of the outbreak. During November 2015–December 2016, a total of 71,618 suspected arboviral disease cases were reported, of which 39,717 (55.5%; 1.1 cases per 100 residents) tested positive for ZIKV infection. The epidemic peaked in August 2016, when 71.5% of arboviral disease cases reported weekly tested positive for ZIKV infection. Incidence of ZIKV disease was highest among 20–29-year-olds (1.6 cases per 100 residents), and most (62.3%) cases were female. The most frequently reported symptoms were rash (83.0%), headache (64.6%), and myalgia (63.3%). Few patients were hospitalized (1.2%), and 13 (<0.1%) died. Early detection of ZIKV disease cases was associated with increased population size (log hazard ratio [HR]: -0.22 [95% confidence interval -0.29, -0.14]), eastern longitude (log HR: -1.04 [-1.17, -0.91]), and proximity to a city (spline estimated degrees of freedom [edf] = 2.0). Earlier midpoints of the outbreak were associated with northern latitude (log HR: -0.30 [-0.32, -0.29]), eastern longitude (spline edf = 6.5), and higher mean monthly temperature (log HR: -0.04 [-0.05, -0.03]). Higher incidence of ZIKV disease was associated with lower mean precipitation, but not socioeconomic factors. Conclusions During the ZIKV epidemic in Puerto Rico, 1% of residents were reported to public health authorities and had laboratory evidence of ZIKV disease. Transmission was first detected in urban areas of eastern Puerto Rico, where transmission also peaked earlier. These trends suggest that ZIKV was first introduced to Puerto Rico in the east before disseminating throughout the island. During epidemics of Zika virus disease in the Americas in 2015 and 2016, assessment of transmission dynamics was limited by inconsistent laboratory testing of patients with suspected Zika virus disease. This limitation was further complicated by co-circulation of dengue and chikungunya viruses, which cause illnesses clinically similar to Zika virus disease. In Puerto Rico, all reported suspect cases of arboviral disease were tested for Zika, dengue, and chikungunya virus infection throughout the epidemic, which allowed for fine-scale analysis of epidemiologic and spatiotemporal trends. In total, 39,717 cases of Zika virus disease were detected, or roughly 1% of all residents of Puerto Rico. Young adults and females were most affected. Disease was mostly mild, as only 1% of cases were hospitalized. Thirteen patients with Zika virus disease died, most of whom had Guillain-Barré syndrome or severe underlying illnesses. Early detection of Zika virus disease cases was associated with more populated areas of eastern Puerto Rico, where early detection of peak case numbers also occurred, particularly in warmer areas. These trends suggest that, in contrast to prior epidemics of dengue and chikungunya that started in the San Juan metropolitan region, the Zika virus epidemic appears to have begun in eastern Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M. Sharp
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- US Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Talia M. Quandelacy
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Laura E. Adams
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- US Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jomil Torres Aponte
- Office of Epidemiology, Puerto Rico Department of Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Matthew J. Lozier
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- US Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kyle Ryff
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Mitchelle Flores
- Biological and Chemical Emergencies Laboratory, Puerto Rico Department of Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Aidsa Rivera
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Gilberto A. Santiago
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen H. Waterman
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- US Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Paz-Bailey
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Michael A. Johansson
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Brenda Rivera-Garcia
- Biological and Chemical Emergencies Laboratory, Puerto Rico Department of Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Pereira NZ, Branco ACCC, Manfrere KCG, de Lima JF, Yoshikawa FSY, Milanez HMBPM, Pereira NV, Sotto MN, Duarte AJDS, Sato MN. Increased Expression on Innate Immune Factors in Placentas From HIV-Infected Mothers Concurs With Dampened Systemic Immune Activation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1822. [PMID: 32983090 PMCID: PMC7477039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is one of the main protection mechanisms against viral infections, but how this system works at the maternal-fetal interface, especially during HIV infection, is still poorly known. In this study, we investigated the relationship between pregnancy and innate mechanisms associated with HIV immunity by evaluating the expression of DAMPs, inflammasome components and type I/III IFNs in placenta and serum samples from HIV-infected mothers and exposed newborns. Our results showed that most of these factors, including HMGB1, IL-1, and IFN, were increased in placental villi from HIV-infected mothers. Curiously, however, these factors were simultaneously repressed in serum from HIV-infected mothers and their exposed newborns, suggesting that pregnancy could restrict HIV immune activation systemically but preserve the immune response at the placental level. An effective local antiviral status associated with a suppressed inflammatory environment can balance the maternal immune response, promoting homeostasis for fetal development and protection against HIV infection in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nátalli Zanete Pereira
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Cláudia Calvielli Castelo Branco
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Gomes Manfrere
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josenilson Feitosa de Lima
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Seiti Yamada Yoshikawa
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Naiura Vieira Pereira
- Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam Nacagami Sotto
- Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Guerrero D, Cantaert T, Missé D. Aedes Mosquito Salivary Components and Their Effect on the Immune Response to Arboviruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:407. [PMID: 32850501 PMCID: PMC7426362 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases are responsible for over a billion infections each year and nearly one million deaths. Mosquito-borne dengue virus, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, Zika, Chikungunya, and Rift Valley Fever viruses constitute major public health problems in regions with high densities of arthropod vectors. During the initial step of the transmission cycle, vector, host, and virus converge at the bite site, where local immune cells interact with the vector's saliva. Hematophagous mosquito saliva is a mixture of bioactive components known to modulate vertebrate hemostasis, immunity, and inflammation during the insect's feeding process. The capacity of mosquito saliva to modulate the host immune response has been well-studied over the last few decades and has led to the consensus that the presence of saliva is linked to the enhancement of virus transmission, host susceptibility, disease progression, viremia levels, and mortality. We review some of the major aspects of the interactions between mosquito saliva and the host immune response that may be useful for future studies on the control of arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Guerrero
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, IRD, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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Amaral MS, Goulart E, Caires-Júnior LC, Morales-Vicente DA, Soares-Schanoski A, Gomes RP, Olberg GGDO, Astray RM, Kalil JE, Zatz M, Verjovski-Almeida S. Differential gene expression elicited by ZIKV infection in trophoblasts from congenital Zika syndrome discordant twins. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008424. [PMID: 32745093 PMCID: PMC7425990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) causes congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), which is characterized by fetal demise, microcephaly and other abnormalities. ZIKV in the pregnant woman circulation must cross the placental barrier that includes fetal endothelial cells and trophoblasts, in order to reach the fetus. CZS occurs in ~1-40% of cases of pregnant women infected by ZIKV, suggesting that mothers' infection by ZIKV during pregnancy is not deterministic for CZS phenotype in the fetus. Therefore, other susceptibility factors might be involved, including the host genetic background. We have previously shown that in three pairs of dizygotic twins discordant for CZS, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from the CZS-affected twins presented differential in vitro ZIKV susceptibility compared with NPCs from the non-affected. Here, we analyzed human-induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived (hiPSC-derived) trophoblasts from these twins and compared by RNA-Seq the trophoblasts from CZS-affected and non-affected twins. Following in vitro exposure to a Brazilian ZIKV strain (ZIKVBR), trophoblasts from CZS-affected twins were significantly more susceptible to ZIKVBR infection when compared with trophoblasts from the non-affected. Transcriptome profiling revealed no differences in gene expression levels of ZIKV candidate attachment factors, IFN receptors and IFN in the trophoblasts, either before or after ZIKVBR infection. Most importantly, ZIKVBR infection caused, only in the trophoblasts from CZS-affected twins, the downregulation of genes related to extracellular matrix organization and to leukocyte activation, which are important for trophoblast adhesion and immune response activation. In addition, only trophoblasts from non-affected twins secreted significantly increased amounts of chemokines RANTES/CCL5 and IP10 after infection with ZIKVBR. Overall, our results showed that trophoblasts from non-affected twins have the ability to more efficiently activate genes that are known to play important roles in cell adhesion and in triggering the immune response to ZIKV infection in the placenta, and this may contribute to predict protection from ZIKV dissemination into fetuses' tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto Goulart
- Departmento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Caires-Júnior
- Departmento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Abraham Morales-Vicente
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jorge E. Kalil
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina e Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Departmento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Verjovski-Almeida
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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49
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Liang B, Guida JP, Costa Do Nascimento ML, Mysorekar IU. Host and viral mechanisms of congenital Zika syndrome. Virulence 2020; 10:768-775. [PMID: 31451049 PMCID: PMC6735503 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1656503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2015–2016, in the Americas, and especially in northeast Brazil, a significant number of cases of microcephaly and other congenital brain abnormalities were linked with an outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women. While maternal symptoms of ZIKV are generally mild and self-limiting, clinical presentation in fetuses and newborns infected is extensive and includes microcephaly, decreased cortical development, atrophy and hypoplasia of the cerebellum and cerebellar vermis, arthrogryposis, and polyhydramnios. The term congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZS) was introduced to describe the range of findings associated with maternal-fetal ZIKV transmission. ZIKV is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, however non-vector-dependent routes are also possible. Mechanisms of maternal-fetal transmission remain unknown, and the trans-placental route has been extensively studied in animal models and in human samples. The aim of this review was to summarize recent studies that helped to elucidate the mechanism of CZS in animal models and observational studies. There are still challenges in the diagnosis and prevention of CZS in humans, due to the large gap that remains in translating ZIKV research to clinical practice. Translational research linking governments, local health workers, scientists and industry is fundamental to improve care for mothers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - José Paulo Guida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | | | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.,Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
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50
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Benhammadi M, Mathé J, Dumont-Lagacé M, Kobayashi KS, Gaboury L, Brochu S, Perreault C. IFN-λ Enhances Constitutive Expression of MHC Class I Molecules on Thymic Epithelial Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1268-1280. [PMID: 32690660 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of MHC class I (MHC I) expression has been studied almost exclusively in hematolymphoid cells. We report that thymic epithelial cells (TECs), particularly the medullary TECs, constitutively express up to 100-fold more cell surface MHC I proteins than epithelial cells (ECs) from the skin, colon, and lung. Differential abundance of cell surface MHC I in primary ECs is regulated via transcription of MHC I and of genes implicated in the generation of MHC I-binding peptides. Superior MHC I expression in TECs is unaffected by deletion of Ifnar1 or Ifngr1, but is lessened by deletion of Aire, Ifnlr1, Stat1, or Nlrc5, and is driven mainly by type III IFN produced by medullary TECs. Ifnlr1 -/- mice show impaired negative selection of CD8 thymocytes and, at 9 mo of age, present autoimmune manifestations. Our study shows unanticipated variation in MHC I expression by ECs from various sites and provides compelling evidence that superior expression of MHC I in TECs is crucial for proper thymocyte education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Benhammadi
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Justine Mathé
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Maude Dumont-Lagacé
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Koichi S Kobayashi
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843.,Department of Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan; and
| | - Louis Gaboury
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sylvie Brochu
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada; .,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Claude Perreault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada; .,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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