1
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Daugherty M, Jacobse PH, Jiang J, Jornet-Somoza J, Dorit R, Wang Z, Lu J, McCurdy R, Tang W, Rubio A, Louie SG, Crommie MF, Fischer FR. Regioselective On-Surface Synthesis of [3]Triangulene Graphene Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15879-15886. [PMID: 38813680 PMCID: PMC11177251 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The integration of low-energy states into bottom-up engineered graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is a robust strategy for realizing materials with tailored electronic band structure for nanoelectronics. Low-energy zero-modes (ZMs) can be introduced into nanographenes (NGs) by creating an imbalance between the two sublattices of graphene. This phenomenon is exemplified by the family of [n]triangulenes (n ∈ N ). Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of [3]triangulene-GNRs, a regioregular one-dimensional (1D) chain of [3]triangulenes linked by five-membered rings. Hybridization between ZMs on adjacent [3]triangulenes leads to the emergence of a narrow band gap, Eg,exp ∼ 0.7 eV, and topological end states that are experimentally verified using scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Tight-binding and first-principles density functional theory calculations within the local density approximation corroborate our experimental observations. Our synthetic design takes advantage of a selective on-surface head-to-tail coupling of monomer building blocks enabling the regioselective synthesis of [3]triangulene-GNRs. Detailed ab initio theory provides insights into the mechanism of on-surface radical polymerization, revealing the pivotal role of Au-C bond formation/breakage in driving selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
C. Daugherty
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter H. Jacobse
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Joaquim Jornet-Somoza
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group and ETSF, Universidad
del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Donostia E20018, Spain
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Reis Dorit
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley
and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jiaming Lu
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ryan McCurdy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Weichen Tang
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Angel Rubio
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group and ETSF, Universidad
del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Donostia E20018, Spain
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center for
Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The
Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Steven G. Louie
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F. Crommie
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley
and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Felix R. Fischer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley
and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Bakar
Institute of Digital Materials for the Planet, Division of Computing,
Data Science, and Society, University of
California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Šćepanović S, Kimouche A, Mirković J, Sadiek G, Klamroth T, Hassanien A. Delocalized spin states at zigzag termini of armchair graphene nanoribbon. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11641. [PMID: 38773311 PMCID: PMC11109170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy we demonstrate a revival of magnetism in 7-armchair nanoribbon by unpassivated atoms at the termini. Namely, a pair of intense Kondo resonances emerges at the peripheries of zigzag terminus revealing the many-body screening effects of local magnetic moments. Although Kondo resonance originates from a missing local orbital, it extends to a distance of 2.5 nm along the edge of the ribbon. The results are complemented by density functional theory calculations which suggest a possible coupling between Kondo states despite screening effects of substrate electrons. These findings indicate a possibility to restore intrinsic magnetic ordering in graphene nanoribbon without major structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Šćepanović
- Jozef Stefan Institute, 39 Jamova, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Montenegro, 81000, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Amina Kimouche
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jovan Mirković
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Montenegro, 81000, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Gehad Sadiek
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Tillmann Klamroth
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Abdou Hassanien
- Jozef Stefan Institute, 39 Jamova, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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3
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Mishra S, Vilas-Varela M, Lieske LA, Ortiz R, Fatayer S, Rončević I, Albrecht F, Frederiksen T, Peña D, Gross L. Bistability between π-diradical open-shell and closed-shell states in indeno[1,2-a]fluorene. Nat Chem 2024; 16:755-761. [PMID: 38332330 PMCID: PMC11087267 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Indenofluorenes are non-benzenoid conjugated hydrocarbons that have received great interest owing to their unusual electronic structure and potential applications in nonlinear optics and photovoltaics. Here we report the generation of unsubstituted indeno[1,2-a]fluorene on various surfaces by the cleavage of two C-H bonds in 7,12-dihydroindeno[1,2-a]fluorene through voltage pulses applied by the tip of a combined scanning tunnelling microscope and atomic force microscope. On bilayer NaCl on Au(111), indeno[1,2-a]fluorene is in the neutral charge state, but it exhibits charge bistability between neutral and anionic states on the lower-workfunction surfaces of bilayer NaCl on Ag(111) and Cu(111). In the neutral state, indeno[1,2-a]fluorene exhibits one of two ground states: an open-shell π-diradical state, predicted to be a triplet by density functional and multireference many-body perturbation theory calculations, or a closed-shell state with a para-quinodimethane moiety in the as-indacene core. We observe switching between open- and closed-shell states of a single molecule by changing its adsorption site on NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CiQUS) and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Ortiz
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Shadi Fatayer
- Applied Physics Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Igor Rončević
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CiQUS) and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Leo Gross
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
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4
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Cortés-Del Río E, Trivini S, Pascual JI, Cherkez V, Mallet P, Veuillen JY, Cuevas JC, Brihuega I. Shaping Graphene Superconductivity with Nanometer Precision. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308439. [PMID: 38112230 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Graphene holds great potential for superconductivity due to its pure 2D nature, the ability to tune its carrier density through electrostatic gating, and its unique, relativistic-like electronic properties. At present, still far from controlling and understanding graphene superconductivity, mainly because the selective introduction of superconducting properties to graphene is experimentally very challenging. Here, a method is developed that enables shaping at will graphene superconductivity through a precise control of graphene-superconductor junctions. The method combines the proximity effect with scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) manipulation capabilities. Pb nano-islands are first grown that locally induce superconductivity in graphene. Using a STM, Pb nano-islands can be selectively displaced, over different types of graphene surfaces, with nanometre scale precision, in any direction, over distances of hundreds of nanometres. This opens an exciting playground where a large number of predefined graphene-superconductor hybrid structures can be investigated with atomic scale precision. To illustrate the potential, a series of experiments are performed, rationalized by the quasi-classical theory of superconductivity, going from the fundamental understanding of superconductor-graphene-superconductor heterostructures to the construction of superconductor nanocorrals, further used as "portable" experimental probes of local magnetic moments in graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cortés-Del Río
- Departamento Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
| | | | - José I Pascual
- CIC nanoGUNE-BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Vladimir Cherkez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, Grenoble, F-38400, France
- CNRS, Institut Neel, Grenoble, F-38042, France
| | - Pierre Mallet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, Grenoble, F-38400, France
- CNRS, Institut Neel, Grenoble, F-38042, France
| | - Jean-Yves Veuillen
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, Grenoble, F-38400, France
- CNRS, Institut Neel, Grenoble, F-38042, France
| | - Juan C Cuevas
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
- Departamento Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
- Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
| | - Iván Brihuega
- Departamento Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
- Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
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5
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Esteki S, Farghadan R. Spin thermoelectric properties induced by hydrogen impurities in zigzag graphene nanoribbons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12035-12043. [PMID: 38576407 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00329b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of hydrogen impurities on the spin-dependent thermoelectric properties of zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) through density functional theory and the Landauer-Büttiker formula. Hydrogenation induces a net magnetism with a localized spin-dependent band around the Fermi energy in ZGNRs with different spin configurations, such as antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states. The results reveal spin-semiconducting behavior with a tunable energy gap and fully spin-polarized states in certain energy ranges. Application of a thermal gradient induces a thermal spin current, leading to the emergence of the spin Seebeck effect (SSE). By strategically placing a single hydrogen atom in various positions within the ZGNRs, we demonstrate that the hydrogen impurity's location significantly influences the spin-dependent thermoelectric properties, offering opportunities for enhanced thermoelectric performance through engineering. The observed spin thermocurrent and SSE in different impurity locations, considering both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin configurations, highlight the potential of hydrogenated ZGNRs in spin-dependent thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Esteki
- Department of Physics, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-53153, Iran.
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6
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Jacobse PH, Sarker M, Saxena A, Zahl P, Wang Z, Berger E, Aluru NR, Sinitskii A, Crommie MF. Tunable Magnetic Coupling in Graphene Nanoribbon Quantum Dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400473. [PMID: 38412424 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Carbon-based quantum dots (QDs) enable flexible manipulation of electronic behavior at the nanoscale, but controlling their magnetic properties requires atomically precise structural control. While magnetism is observed in organic molecules and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), GNR precursors enabling bottom-up fabrication of QDs with various spin ground states have not yet been reported. Here the development of a new GNR precursor that results in magnetic QD structures embedded in semiconducting GNRs is reported. Inserting one such molecule into the GNR backbone and graphitizing it results in a QD region hosting one unpaired electron. QDs composed of two precursor molecules exhibit nonmagnetic, antiferromagnetic, or antiferromagnetic ground states, depending on the structural details that determine the coupling behavior of the spins originating from each molecule. The synthesis of these QDs and the emergence of localized states are demonstrated through high-resolution atomic force microscopy (HR-AFM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging, and spectroscopy, and the relationship between QD atomic structure and magnetic properties is uncovered. GNR QDs provide a useful platform for controlling the spin-degree of freedom in carbon-based nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Jacobse
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mamun Sarker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Anshul Saxena
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Percy Zahl
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Emma Berger
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Narayana R Aluru
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Alexander Sinitskii
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Michael F Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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7
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Zhao C, Huang Q, Valenta L, Eimre K, Yang L, Yakutovich AV, Xu W, Ma J, Feng X, Juríček M, Fasel R, Ruffieux P, Pignedoli CA. Tailoring Magnetism of Graphene Nanoflakes via Tip-Controlled Dehydrogenation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:046201. [PMID: 38335341 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.046201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Atomically precise graphene nanoflakes called nanographenes have emerged as a promising platform to realize carbon magnetism. Their ground state spin configuration can be anticipated by Ovchinnikov-Lieb rules based on the mismatch of π electrons from two sublattices. While rational geometrical design achieves specific spin configurations, further direct control over the π electrons offers a desirable extension for efficient spin manipulations and potential quantum device operations. To this end, we apply a site-specific dehydrogenation using a scanning tunneling microscope tip to nanographenes deposited on a Au(111) substrate, which shows the capability of precisely tailoring the underlying π-electron system and therefore efficiently manipulating their magnetism. Through first-principles calculations and tight-binding mean-field-Hubbard modeling, we demonstrate that the dehydrogenation-induced Au-C bond formation along with the resulting hybridization between frontier π orbitals and Au substrate states effectively eliminate the unpaired π electron. Our results establish an efficient technique for controlling the magnetism of nanographenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Zhao
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Qiang Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Leoš Valenta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Kristjan Eimre
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Lin Yang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Aliaksandr V Yakutovich
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Wangwei Xu
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Ji Ma
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
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8
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Jacobse P, Daugherty MC, Čerņevičs K, Wang Z, McCurdy RD, Yazyev OV, Fischer FR, Crommie MF. Five-Membered Rings Create Off-Zero Modes in Nanographene. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24901-24909. [PMID: 38051766 PMCID: PMC10753889 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The low-energy electronic structure of nanographenes can be tuned through zero-energy π-electron states, typically referred to as zero-modes. Customizable electronic and magnetic structures have been engineered by coupling zero-modes through exchange and hybridization interactions. Manipulation of the energy of such states, however, has not yet received significant attention. We find that attaching a five-membered ring to a zigzag edge hosting a zero-mode perturbs the energy of that mode and turns it into an off-zero mode: a localized state with a distinctive electron-accepting character. Whereas the end states of typical 7-atom-wide armchair graphene nanoribbons (7-AGNRs) lose their electrons when physisorbed on Au(111) (due to its high work function), converting them into off-zero modes by introducing cyclopentadienyl five-membered rings allows them to retain their single-electron occupation. This approach enables the magnetic properties of 7-AGNR end states to be explored using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on a gold substrate. We find a gradual decrease of the magnetic coupling between off-zero mode end states as a function of GNR length, and evolution from a more closed-shell to a more open-shell ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter
H. Jacobse
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael C. Daugherty
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristia̅ns Čerņevičs
- Institute
of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ryan D. McCurdy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Oleg V. Yazyev
- Institute
of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix R. Fischer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Bakar
Institute
of Digital Materials for the Planet, Division of Computing, Data Science,
and Society, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F. Crommie
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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9
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Hieulle J, Garcia Fernandez C, Friedrich N, Vegliante A, Sanz S, Sánchez-Portal D, Haley MM, Casado J, Frederiksen T, Pascual JI. From Solution to Surface: Persistence of the Diradical Character of a Diindenoanthracene Derivative on a Metallic Substrate. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11506-11512. [PMID: 38088859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Organic diradicals are envisioned as elementary building blocks for designing a new generation of spintronic devices and have been used in constructing prototypical field effect transistors and nonlinear optical devices. Open-shell systems, however, are also reactive, thus requiring design strategies to "protect" their radical character from the environment, especially when they are embedded in solid-state devices. Here, we report the persistence on a metallic surface of the diradical character of a diindeno[b,i]anthracene (DIAn) core protected by bulky end-groups. Our scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements on single-molecules detected singlet-triplet excitations that were absent for DIAn species packed in assembled structures. Density functional theory simulations unravel that the molecular geometry on the metal substrate can crucially modify the value of the singlet-triplet gap via the delocalization of the radical sites. The persistence of the diradical character over metallic substrates is a promising finding for integrating radical-based materials into functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sofia Sanz
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales MPC (CSIC/UPV-EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Pascual
- CIC nanoGUNE-BRTA, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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10
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Erpenbeck A, Gull E, Cohen G. Shaping Electronic Flows with Strongly Correlated Physics. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10480-10489. [PMID: 37955307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonequilibrium quantum transport is of central importance in nanotechnology. Its description requires the understanding of strong electronic correlations that couple atomic-scale phenomena to the nanoscale. So far, research in correlated transport has focused predominantly on few-channel transport, precluding the investigation of cross-scale effects. Recent theoretical advances enable the solution of models that capture the interplay between quantum correlations and confinement beyond a few channels. This problem is the focus of this study. We consider an atomic impurity embedded in a metallic nanosheet spanning two leads, showing that transport is significantly altered by tuning only the phase of a single local hopping parameter. Furthermore─depending on this phase─correlations reshape the electronic flow throughout the sheet, either funneling it through the impurity or scattering it away from a much larger region. This demonstrates the potential for quantum correlations to bridge length scales in the design of nanoelectronic devices and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Erpenbeck
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Emanuel Gull
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Guy Cohen
- The Raymond and Beverley Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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11
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Liu Y, Li C, Xue FH, Su W, Wang Y, Huang H, Yang H, Chen J, Guan D, Li Y, Zheng H, Liu C, Qin M, Wang X, Wang R, Li DY, Liu PN, Wang S, Jia J. Quantum Phase Transition in Magnetic Nanographenes on a Lead Superconductor. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9704-9710. [PMID: 37870505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Quantum spins, also known as spin operators that preserve SU(2) symmetry, lack a specific orientation in space and are hypothesized to display unique interactions with superconductivity. However, spin-orbit coupling and crystal field typically cause a significant magnetic anisotropy in d/f shell spins on surfaces. Here, we fabricate atomically precise S = 1/2 magnetic nanographenes on Pb(111) through engineering sublattice imbalance in the graphene honeycomb lattice. Through tuning the magnetic exchange strength between the unpaired spin and Cooper pairs, a quantum phase transition from the singlet to the doublet state has been observed, consistent with the quantum spin models. From our calculations, the particle-hole asymmetry is induced by the Coulomb scattering potential and gives a transition point about kBTk ≈ 1.6Δ. Our work demonstrates that delocalized π electron magnetism hosts highly tunable magnetic bound states, which can be further developed to study the Majorana bound states and other rich quantum phases of low-dimensional quantum spins on superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Fu-Hua Xue
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Su
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100084, China
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Center for Computational Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haili Huang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Dandan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Canhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Mingpu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Deng-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jinfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
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12
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Brede J, Merino-Díez N, Berdonces-Layunta A, Sanz S, Domínguez-Celorrio A, Lobo-Checa J, Vilas-Varela M, Peña D, Frederiksen T, Pascual JI, de Oteyza DG, Serrate D. Detecting the spin-polarization of edge states in graphene nanoribbons. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6677. [PMID: 37865684 PMCID: PMC10590394 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Low dimensional carbon-based materials can show intrinsic magnetism associated to p-electrons in open-shell π-conjugated systems. Chemical design provides atomically precise control of the π-electron cloud, which makes them promising for nanoscale magnetic devices. However, direct verification of their spatially resolved spin-moment remains elusive. Here, we report the spin-polarization of chiral graphene nanoribbons (one-dimensional strips of graphene with alternating zig-zag and arm-chair boundaries), obtained by means of spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscopy. We extract the energy-dependent spin-moment distribution of spatially extended edge states with π-orbital character, thus beyond localized magnetic moments at radical or defective carbon sites. Guided by mean-field Hubbard calculations, we demonstrate that electron correlations are responsible for the spin-splitting of the electronic structure. Our versatile platform utilizes a ferromagnetic substrate that stabilizes the organic magnetic moments against thermal and quantum fluctuations, while being fully compatible with on-surface synthesis of the rapidly growing class of nanographenes.
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Grants
- E13-20R Gobierno de Aragón
- E12-20R Gobierno de Aragón
- ED431G2019/03 Xunta de Galicia
- 863098 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies (H2020 Excellent Science - Future and Emerging Technologies)
- PRE-2021-2-0190 Eusko Jaurlaritza (Basque Government)
- PIBA-2020-1-0014 Eusko Jaurlaritza (Basque Government)
- 863098 EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies (H2020 Excellent Science - Future and Emerging Technologies)
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Grant no PID2019-107338RB-C64 Eureopean Comission | European Regional Developement Funds | Interreg, Grant no EFA194/16 TNSI
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Grant no PID2019-107338RB-C64
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Grant no PID2019-107338RB-C62
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Grant no PID2020–115406GB-I00
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Grant no PID2019-107338RB-C61 Maria de Maeztu Excellence Program, Grant no CEX2020-001038-M Diputación Foral de Guipuzkoa | Guipuzkoa Next, grant no 2021-CIEN-000069-01
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Grant no PID2019-107338RB-C63
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Brede
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, E-20018, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, E-20018, Spain
| | - Nestor Merino-Díez
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, E-20018, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, E-20018, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berdonces-Layunta
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, E-20018, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, E-20018, Spain
| | - Sofía Sanz
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, E-20018, Spain
| | - Amelia Domínguez-Celorrio
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50009, Spain
| | - Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50009, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50009, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50009, Spain
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, E-20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, E-48013, Spain
| | - José I Pascual
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, E-48013, Spain.
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, San Sebastián, E-20018, Spain.
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, E-20018, Spain.
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, E-20018, Spain.
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-PA, El Entrego, E-33940, Spain.
| | - David Serrate
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50009, Spain.
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50009, Spain.
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, E-50009, Spain.
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13
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Vilas-Varela M, Romero-Lara F, Vegliante A, Calupitan JP, Martínez A, Meyer L, Uriarte-Amiano U, Friedrich N, Wang D, Schulz F, Koval NE, Sandoval-Salinas ME, Casanova D, Corso M, Artacho E, Peña D, Pascual JI. On-Surface Synthesis and Characterization of a High-Spin Aza-[5]-Triangulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307884. [PMID: 37604782 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Triangulenes are a class of open-shell triangular graphene flakes with total spin increasing with their size. In the last years, on-surface-synthesis strategies have permitted fabricating and engineering triangulenes of various sizes and structures with atomic precision. However, direct proof of the increasing total spin with their size remains elusive. In this work, we report the combined in-solution and on-surface synthesis of a large nitrogen-doped triangulene (aza-[5]-triangulene) on a Au(111) surface, and the detection of its high-spin ground state. Bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy images uncovered radical states distributed along the zigzag edges, which were detected as weak zero-bias resonances in scanning tunneling spectra. These spectral features reveal the partial Kondo screening of a high-spin state. Through a combination of several simulation tools, we find that the observed distribution of radical states is explained by a quintet ground state (S=2), instead of the quartet state (S=3/2) expected for the neutral species. This confirms that electron transfer to the metal substrate raises the spin of the ground state. We further provide a qualitative description of the change of (anti)aromaticity introduced by N-substitution, and its role in the charge stabilization on a surface, resulting in an S=2 aza-triangulene on Au(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Jan Patrick Calupitan
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adrián Martínez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lorenz Meyer
- CIC nanoGUNE-BRTA, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | | | - Dongfei Wang
- CIC nanoGUNE-BRTA, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fabian Schulz
- CIC nanoGUNE-BRTA, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | | | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Martina Corso
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Emilio Artacho
- CIC nanoGUNE-BRTA, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Ave., Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Pascual
- CIC nanoGUNE-BRTA, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
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14
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Yin R, Wang Z, Tan S, Ma C, Wang B. On-Surface Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons with Atomically Precise Structural Heterogeneities and On-Site Characterizations. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17610-17623. [PMID: 37666005 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are strips of graphene, with widths of a few nanometers, that are promising candidates for future applications in nanodevices and quantum information processing due to their highly tunable structure-dependent electronic, spintronic, topological, and optical properties. Implantation of periodic structural heterogeneities, such as heteroatoms, nanopores, and non-hexagonal rings, has become a powerful manner for tailoring the designer properties of GNRs. The bottom-up synthesis approach, by combining on-surface chemical reactions based on rationally designed molecular precursors and in situ tip-based microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, promotes the construction of atomically precise GNRs with periodic structural modulations. However, there are still obstacles and challenges lying on the way toward the understanding of the intrinsic structure-property relations, such as the strong screening and Fermi level pinning effect of the normally used transition metal substrates and the lack of collective tip-based techniques that can cover multi-internal degrees of freedom of the GNRs. In this Perspective, we briefly review the recent progress in the on-surface synthesis of GNRs with diverse structural heterogeneities and highlight the structure-property relations as characterized by the noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. We furthermore motivate to deliver the need for developing strategies to achieve quasi-freestanding GNRs and for exploiting multifunctional tip-based techniques to collectively probe the intrinsic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoting Yin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhengya Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shijing Tan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Chuanxu Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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15
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Wen EH, Jacobse PH, Jiang J, Wang Z, Louie SG, Crommie MF, Fischer FR. Fermi-Level Engineering of Nitrogen Core-Doped Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19338-19346. [PMID: 37611208 PMCID: PMC10485924 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Substitutional heteroatom doping of bottom-up engineered 1D graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is a versatile tool for realizing low-dimensional functional materials for nanoelectronics and sensing. Previous efforts have largely relied on replacing C-H groups lining the edges of GNRs with trigonal planar N atoms. This type of atomically precise doping, however, only results in a modest realignment of the valence band (VB) and conduction band (CB) energies. Here, we report the design, bottom-up synthesis, and spectroscopic characterization of nitrogen core-doped 5-atom-wide armchair GNRs (N2-5-AGNRs) that yield much greater energy-level shifting of the GNR electronic structure. Here, the substitution of C atoms with N atoms along the backbone of the GNR introduces a single surplus π-electron per dopant that populates the electronic states associated with previously unoccupied bands. First-principles DFT-LDA calculations confirm that a sizable shift in Fermi energy (∼1.0 eV) is accompanied by a broad reconfiguration of the band structure, including the opening of a new band gap and the transition from a direct to an indirect semiconducting band gap. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) lift-off charge transport experiments corroborate the theoretical results and reveal the relationship among substitutional heteroatom doping, Fermi-level shifting, electronic band structure, and topological engineering for this new N-doped GNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan
Chi Ho Wen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter H. Jacobse
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Steven G. Louie
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F. Crommie
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley
and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Felix R. Fischer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley
and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Bakar
Institute of Digital Materials for the Planet, Division of Computing,
Data Science, and Society, University of
California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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16
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Du Q, Su X, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Li C, Yan K, Ortiz R, Frederiksen T, Wang S, Yu P. Orbital-symmetry effects on magnetic exchange in open-shell nanographenes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4802. [PMID: 37558678 PMCID: PMC10412602 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Open-shell nanographenes appear as promising candidates for future applications in spintronics and quantum technologies. A critical aspect to realize this potential is to design and control the magnetic exchange. Here, we reveal the effects of frontier orbital symmetries on the magnetic coupling in diradical nanographenes through scanning probe microscope measurements and different levels of theoretical calculations. In these open-shell nanographenes, the exchange energy exhibits a remarkable variation between 20 and 160 meV. Theoretical calculations reveal that frontier orbital symmetries play a key role in affecting the magnetic coupling on such a large scale. Moreover, a triradical nanographene is demonstrated for investigating the magnetic interaction among three unpaired electrons with unequal magnetic exchange, in agreement with Heisenberg spin model calculations. Our results provide insights into both theoretical design and experimental realization of nanographene materials with different exchange interactions through tuning the orbital symmetry, potentially useful for realizing magnetically operable graphene-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Du
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelei Su
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yashi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - KaKing Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Ricardo Ortiz
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) - UPV/EHU, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) - UPV/EHU, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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17
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He Y, Wu D, Zhang X. Bottom-up on-surface synthesis based on click-functionalized peptide bundles. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:8996-9002. [PMID: 37144607 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01070h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis is a modern technique for the preparation of atomically low-dimensional molecular nanostructures. However, most nanomaterials grow horizontally on the surface, and the step-by-step longitudinally controllable covalent bonding reaction on the surface is rarely reported. Here, we successfully achieved bottom-up on-surface synthesis by using coiled-coil homotetrameric peptide bundles called 'bundlemers' as building blocks. Rigid nano-cylindrical bundlemer with two click-reactive functionalities at each end can be grafted vertically onto the surface or another bundlemer with complementary clickable groups by click reaction at one end, thus enabling the longitudinal bottom-up synthesis of rigid rods with an exact number of bundlemers (up to 6) on the surface. Moreover, we can graft linear poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to one terminal of rigid rods to obtain rod-PEG hybrid nanostructures that can be released from the surface under specific conditions. Interestingly, rod-PEG nanostructures consisting of different numbers of bundles can self-assemble in water into different nano-hyperstructures. In general, the bottom-up on-surface synthesis strategy presented here can provide a simple and accurate method to manufacture a variety of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Dongdong Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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18
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Sun L, Zhang Z, Bian J, Bai F, Su H, Li Z, Xie J, Xu R, Sun J, Bai L, Chen C, Han Y, Tang J, Jing L. A Z-Scheme Heterojunctional Photocatalyst Engineered with Spatially Separated Dual Redox Sites for Selective CO 2 Reduction with Water: Insight by In Situ µs-Transient Absorption Spectra. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300064. [PMID: 36872578 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven CO2 reduction by water with a Z-scheme heterojunction affords an avenue to access energy storage and to alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, yet the separation of charge carriers and the integrative regulation of water oxidation and CO2 activation sites remain challenging. Here, a BiVO4 /g-C3 N4 (BVO/CN) Z-scheme heterojunction as such a prototype is constructed by spatially separated dual sites with CoOx clusters and imidazolium ionic liquids (IL) toward CO2 photoreduction. The optimized CoOx -BVO/CN-IL delivers an ≈80-fold CO production rate without H2 evolution compared with urea-C3 N4 counterpart, together with nearly stoichiometric O2 gas produced. Experimental results and DFT calculations unveil the cascade Z-scheme charge transfer and subsequently the prominent redox co-catalysis by CoOx and IL for holes-H2 O oxidation and electrons-CO2 reduction, respectively. Moreover, in situ µs-transient absorption spectra clearly show the function of each cocatalyst and quantitatively reveal that the resulting CoOx -BVO/CN-IL reaches up to the electron transfer efficiency of 36.4% for CO2 reduction, far beyond those for BVO/CN (4.0%) and urea-CN (0.8%), underlining an exceptional synergy of dual reaction sites engineering. This work provides deep insights and guidelines for the rational design of highly efficient Z-scheme heterojunctions with precise redox catalytic sites toward solar fuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Ziqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Ji Bian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Fuquan Bai
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Hengwei Su
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jijia Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Rongping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Linlu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Cailing Chen
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu Han
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junwang Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- Industrial catalysis center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
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19
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Liu JC, Pawlak R, Wang X, Chen H, D’Astolfo P, Drechsel C, Zhou P, Häner R, Decurtins S, Aschauer U, Liu SX, Wulfhekel W, Meyer E. Proximity-Induced Superconductivity in Atomically Precise Nanographene on Ag/Nb(110). ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2023; 5:1083-1090. [PMID: 37034384 PMCID: PMC10074385 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.2c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining a robust superconducting state in atomically precise nanographene (NG) structures by proximity to a superconductor could foster the discovery of topological superconductivity in graphene. On-surface synthesis of such NGs has been achieved on noble metals and metal oxides; however, it is still absent on superconductors. Here, we present a synthetic method to induce superconductivity of polymeric chains and NGs adsorbed on the superconducting Nb(110) substrate covered by thin Ag films. Using atomic force microscopy at low temperature, we characterize the chemical structure of each subproduct formed on the superconducting Ag layer. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy further allows us to elucidate the electronic properties of these nanostructures, which consistently show a superconducting gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ching Liu
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Pawlak
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xing Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Physikalisches
Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Philipp D’Astolfo
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carl Drechsel
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Robert Häner
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Aschauer
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Shi-Xia Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Physikalisches
Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Cahlík A, Liu D, Zengin B, Taskin M, Schwenk J, Natterer FD. A versatile platform for graphene nanoribbon synthesis, electronic decoupling, and spin polarized measurements. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1722-1728. [PMID: 36926566 PMCID: PMC10012868 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00668e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The on-surface synthesis of nano-graphenes has led the charge in prototyping structures with perspectives beyond silicon-based technology. Following reports of open-shell systems in graphene-nanoribbons (GNRs), a flurry of research activity was directed at investigating their magnetic properties with a keen eye for spintronic applications. Although the synthesis of nano-graphenes is usually carried out on Au(111), the substrate is difficult to use for electronic decoupling and spin-polarized measurements. Using a binary alloy Cu3Au(111), we show possibilities for gold-like on-surface synthesis compatible with spin polarization and electronic decoupling known from copper. We prepare copper oxide layers, demonstrate the synthesis of GNRs, and grow thermally stable magnetic Co islands. We functionalize the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope with carbon-monoxide, nickelocene, or attach Co clusters for high-resolution imaging, magnetic sensing, or spin-polarized measurements. This versatile platform will be a valuable tool in the advanced study of magnetic nano-graphenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Cahlík
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Danyang Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Berk Zengin
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Mert Taskin
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Johannes Schwenk
- Institute of Physics, EPFL Station 3 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Fabian Donat Natterer
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
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21
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Wang T, Fan Q, Zhu J. Steering On-Surface Reactions by Kinetic and Thermodynamic Strategies. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2251-2262. [PMID: 36821589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has emerged as a powerful tool to fabricate various functional low-dimensional nanostructures with atomic precision, thus becoming a promising platform for the preparation of next-generation semiconductive, magnetic, and topological nanodevices. With the aid of scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy, both the chemical structures and physical properties of the obtained products can be well characterized. A major challenge in this field is how to efficiently steer reaction pathways and improve the yield/quality of products. To address this problem, in recent years various kinetic and thermodynamic strategies have been successfully employed to control on-surface reactions. In this Perspective, we discuss these strategies in view of basic reaction steps on surfaces, including molecular adsorption, diffusion, and reaction. We hope this Perspective will help readers to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of on-surface reactions and rationally design reaction procedures for the fabrication of high-quality functional nanomaterials on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Qitang Fan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
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22
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Steering Large Magnetic Exchange Coupling in Nanographenes near the Closed-Shell to Open-Shell Transition. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2968-2974. [PMID: 36708335 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The design of open-shell carbon-based nanomaterials is at the vanguard of materials science, steered by their beneficial magnetic properties like weaker spin-orbit coupling than that of transition metal atoms and larger spin delocalization, which are of potential relevance for future spintronics and quantum technologies. A key parameter in magnetic materials is the magnetic exchange coupling (MEC) between unpaired spins, which should be large enough to allow device operation at practical temperatures. In this work, we theoretically and experimentally explore three distinct families of nanographenes (NGs) (A, B, and C) featuring majority zigzag peripheries. Through many-body calculations, we identify a transition from a closed-shell ground state to an open-shell ground state upon an increase of the molecular size. Our predictions indicate that the largest MEC for open-shell NGs occurs in proximity to the transition between closed-shell and open-shell states. Such predictions are corroborated by the on-surface syntheses and structural, electronic, and magnetic characterizations of three NGs (A[3,5], B[4,5], and C[4,3]), which are the smallest open-shell systems in their respective chemical families and are thus located the closest to the transition boundary. Notably, two of the NGs (B[4,5] and C[4,3]) feature record values of MEC (close to 200 meV) measured on the Au(111) surface. Our strategy for maximizing the MEC provides perspectives for designing carbon nanomaterials with robust magnetic ground states.
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23
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Jiménez-Martín A, Villalobos F, Mallada B, Edalatmanesh S, Matěj A, Cuerva JM, Jelínek P, Campaña AG, de la Torre B. On-surface synthesis of non-benzenoid conjugated polymers by selective atomic rearrangement of ethynylarenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1403-1412. [PMID: 36794197 PMCID: PMC9906656 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04722e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a new on-surface synthetic strategy to precisely introduce five-membered units into conjugated polymers from specifically designed precursor molecules that give rise to low-bandgap fulvalene-bridged bisanthene polymers. The selective formation of non-benzenoid units is finely controlled by the annealing parameters, which govern the initiation of atomic rearrangements that efficiently transform previously formed diethynyl bridges into fulvalene moieties. The atomically precise structures and electronic properties have been unmistakably characterized by STM, nc-AFM, and STS and the results are supported by DFT theoretical calculations. Interestingly, the fulvalene-bridged bisanthene polymers exhibit experimental narrow frontier electronic gaps of 1.2 eV on Au(111) with fully conjugated units. This on-surface synthetic strategy can potentially be extended to other conjugated polymers to tune their optoelectronic properties by integrating five-membered rings at precise sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Jiménez-Martín
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic .,Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague Brehova 7 Prague 1 115 19 Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 162 00 Czech Republic
| | - Federico Villalobos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Unidad de Excelencia de Química UEQ, C. U. Fuentenueva Granada 18071 Spain
| | - Benjamin Mallada
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic .,J. Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 162 00 Czech Republic
| | - Shayan Edalatmanesh
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic .,J. Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 162 00 Czech Republic
| | - Adam Matěj
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic .,J. Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Czech Republic.,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 162 00 Czech Republic
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Unidad de Excelencia de Química UEQ, C. U. FuentenuevaGranada 18071Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic .,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 162 00 Czech Republic
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Unidad de Excelencia de Química UEQ, C. U. FuentenuevaGranada 18071Spain
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic .,Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 162 00 Czech Republic
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24
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Li Z, Tang Y, Guo J, Zhang J, Deng M, Xiao W, Li F, Yao Y, Xie S, Yang K, Zeng Z. Stair-like narrow N-doped nanographene with unusual diradical character at the topological interface. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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25
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Luo T, Wang Y, Hao J, Chen PA, Hu Y, Chen B, Zhang J, Yang K, Zeng Z. Furan-Extended Helical Rylenes with Fjord Edge Topology and Tunable Optoelectronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214653. [PMID: 36470852 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lateral furan-expansion of polycyclic aromatics, which enables multiple O-doping and peripheral edge evolution of rylenes, is developed for the first time. Tetrafuranylperylene TPF-4CN and octafuranylquaterrylene OFQ-8CN were prepared as model compounds bearing unique fjord edge topology and helical conformations. Compared to TPF-4CN, the higher congener OFQ-8CN displays a largely red-shifted (≈333 nm) and intensified absorption band (λmax =829 nm) as well as a narrowed electrochemical band gap (≈1.08 eV) due to its pronounced π-delocalization and emerging of open-shell diradicaloid upon the increase of fjord edge length. Moreover, strong circular dichroism signals in a broad range until 900 nm are observed for open-shell chiral OFQ-8CN, owing to the excellent conformational stability of its central bis(tetraoxa[5]helicene) fragments. Our studies provide insights into the relationships between edge topologies and (chir)optoelectronic properties for this novel type of O-doped PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Luo
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanpei Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jiahang Hao
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ping-An Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230039, P. R. China
| | - Kun Yang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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26
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Lawrence J, Berdonces-Layunta A, Edalatmanesh S, Castro-Esteban J, Wang T, Jimenez-Martin A, de la Torre B, Castrillo-Bodero R, Angulo-Portugal P, Mohammed MSG, Matěj A, Vilas-Varela M, Schiller F, Corso M, Jelinek P, Peña D, de Oteyza DG. Circumventing the stability problems of graphene nanoribbon zigzag edges. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1451-1458. [PMID: 36163268 PMCID: PMC10665199 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanostructures with zigzag edges exhibit unique properties-such as localized electronic states and spins-with exciting potential applications. Such nanostructures however are generally synthesized under vacuum because their zigzag edges are unstable under ambient conditions: a barrier that must be surmounted to achieve their scalable integration into devices for practical purposes. Here we show two chemical protection/deprotection strategies, demonstrated on labile, air-sensitive chiral graphene nanoribbons. Upon hydrogenation, the chiral graphene nanoribbons survive exposure to air, after which they are easily converted back to their original structure by annealing. We also approach the problem from another angle by synthesizing a form of the chiral graphene nanoribbons that is functionalized with ketone side groups. This oxidized form is chemically stable and can be converted to the pristine hydrocarbon form by hydrogenation and annealing. In both cases, the deprotected chiral graphene nanoribbons regain electronic properties similar to those of the pristine nanoribbons. We believe both approaches may be extended to other graphene nanoribbons and carbon-based nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lawrence
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berdonces-Layunta
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Castro-Esteban
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tao Wang
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jimenez-Martin
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Mohammed S G Mohammed
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Frederik Schiller
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Martina Corso
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelinek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain.
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-PA, El Entrego, Spain.
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27
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Friedrich N, Menchón RE, Pozo I, Hieulle J, Vegliante A, Li J, Sánchez-Portal D, Peña D, Garcia-Lekue A, Pascual JI. Addressing Electron Spins Embedded in Metallic Graphene Nanoribbons. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14819-14826. [PMID: 36037149 PMCID: PMC9527809 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spin-hosting graphene nanostructures are promising metal-free systems for elementary quantum spintronic devices. Conventionally, spins are protected from quenching by electronic band gaps, which also hinder electronic access to their quantum state. Here, we present a narrow graphene nanoribbon substitutionally doped with boron heteroatoms that combines a metallic character with the presence of localized spin 1/2 states in its interior. The ribbon was fabricated by on-surface synthesis on a Au(111) substrate. Transport measurements through ribbons suspended between the tip and the sample of a scanning tunneling microscope revealed their ballistic behavior, characteristic of metallic nanowires. Conductance spectra show fingerprints of localized spin states in the form of Kondo resonances and inelastic tunneling excitations. Density functional theory rationalizes the metallic character of the graphene nanoribbon due to the partial depopulation of the valence band induced by the boron atoms. The transferred charge builds localized magnetic moments around the boron atoms. The orthogonal symmetry of the spin-hosting state's and the valence band's wave functions protects them from mixing, maintaining the spin states localized. The combination of ballistic transport and spin localization into a single graphene nanoribbon offers the perspective of electronically addressing and controlling carbon spins in real device architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo E. Menchón
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Iago Pozo
- CiQUS,
Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Jingcheng Li
- CIC
nanoGUNE-BRTA, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- CiQUS,
Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Pascual
- CIC
nanoGUNE-BRTA, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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28
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de Oteyza DG, Frederiksen T. Carbon-based nanostructures as a versatile platform for tunable π-magnetism. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:443001. [PMID: 35977474 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac8a7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emergence ofπ-magnetism in open-shell nanographenes has been theoretically predicted decades ago but their experimental characterization was elusive due to the strong chemical reactivity that makes their synthesis and stabilization difficult. In recent years, on-surface synthesis under vacuum conditions has provided unprecedented opportunities for atomically precise engineering of nanographenes, which in combination with scanning probe techniques have led to a substantial progress in our capabilities to realize localized electron spin states and to control electron spin interactions at the atomic scale. Here we review the essential concepts and the remarkable advances in the last few years, and outline the versatility of carbon-basedπ-magnetic materials as an interesting platform for applications in spintronics and quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas G de Oteyza
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-PA, E-33940 El Entrego, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)-UPV/EHU, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)-UPV/EHU, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
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29
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Yin J, Jacobse PH, Pyle D, Wang Z, Crommie MF, Dong G. Programmable Fabrication of Monodisperse Graphene Nanoribbons via Deterministic Iterative Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16012-16019. [PMID: 36017775 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
While enormous progress has been achieved in synthesizing atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), the preparation of GNRs with a fully predetermined length and monomer sequence remains an unmet challenge. Here, we report a fabrication method that provides access to structurally diverse and monodisperse "designer" GNRs through utilization of an iterative synthesis strategy, in which a single monomer is incorporated into an oligomer chain during each chemical cycle. Surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation is subsequently employed to generate the final nanoribbons, and bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy is utilized to characterize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangliang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Peter H Jacobse
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel Pyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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30
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Mallada B, Chen Q, Chutora T, Sánchez‐Grande A, Cirera B, Santos J, Martín N, Ecija D, Jelínek P, de la Torre B. Resolving Atomic‐Scale Defects in Conjugated Polymers On‐Surfaces. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200944. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Mallada
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN) Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry Faculty of Science Palacký University 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic
| | - Qifan Chen
- Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic
| | - Taras Chutora
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN) Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Current address: Department of Physics University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2J1 Canada
| | | | - Borja Cirera
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco Madrid Spain
| | - José Santos
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco Madrid Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco Madrid Spain
| | - David Ecija
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco Madrid Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN) Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN) Palacký University Olomouc 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic
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31
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Houtsma RSK, Enache M, Havenith RWA, Stöhr M. Length-dependent symmetry in narrow chevron-like graphene nanoribbons. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3531-3536. [PMID: 36134350 PMCID: PMC9400478 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00297c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the structural and electronic properties of narrow chevron-like graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), which depending on their length are either mirror or inversion symmetric. Additionally, GNRs of different length can form molecular heterojunctions based on an unusual binding motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Koen Houtsma
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mihaela Enache
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Remco W A Havenith
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Ghent Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 (S3) B-9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
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32
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Sun K, Silveira OJ, Saito S, Sagisaka K, Yamaguchi S, Foster AS, Kawai S. Manipulation of Spin Polarization in Boron-Substituted Graphene Nanoribbons. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11244-11250. [PMID: 35730993 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The design of magnetic topological states due to spin polarization in an extended π carbon system has great potential in spintronics application. Although magnetic zigzag edges in graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have been investigated earlier, real-space observation and manipulation of spin polarization in a heteroatom substituted system remains challenging. Here, we investigate a zero-bias peak at a boron site embedded at the center of an armchair-type GNR on a AuSiX/Au(111) surface with a combination of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. After the tip-induced removal of a Si atom connected to two adjacent boron atoms, a clear Kondo resonance peak appeared and was further split by an applied magnetic field of 12 T. This magnetic state can be relayed along the longitudinal axis of the GNR by sequential removal of Si atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Sun
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Orlando J Silveira
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, PO Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Shohei Saito
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sagisaka
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Adam S Foster
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, PO Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kawai
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
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33
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Wen ECH, Jacobse PH, Jiang J, Wang Z, McCurdy RD, Louie SG, Crommie MF, Fischer FR. Magnetic Interactions in Substitutional Core-Doped Graphene Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13696-13703. [PMID: 35867847 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The design of a spin imbalance within the crystallographic unit cell of bottom-up engineered 1D graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) gives rise to nonzero magnetic moments within each cell. Here, we demonstrate the bottom-up assembly and spectroscopic characterization of a one-dimensional Kondo spin chain formed by a chevron-type GNR (cGNR) physisorbed on Au(111). Substitutional nitrogen core doping introduces a pair of low-lying occupied states per monomer within the semiconducting gap of cGNRs. Charging resulting from the interaction with the gold substrate quenches one electronic state for each monomer, leaving behind a 1D chain of radical cations commensurate with the unit cell of the ribbon. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) reveal the signature of a Kondo resonance emerging from the interaction of S = 1/2 spin centers in each monomer core with itinerant electrons in the Au substrate. STM tip lift-off experiments locally reduce the effective screening of the unpaired radical cation being lifted, revealing a robust exchange coupling between neighboring spin centers. First-principles DFT-LSDA calculations support the presence of magnetic moments in the core of this GNR when it is placed on Au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Chi Ho Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter H Jacobse
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ryan D McCurdy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Steven G Louie
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Felix R Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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34
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Sanz S, Papior N, Giedke G, Sánchez-Portal D, Brandbyge M, Frederiksen T. Spin-Polarizing Electron Beam Splitter from Crossed Graphene Nanoribbons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:037701. [PMID: 35905343 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.037701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Junctions composed of two crossed graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have been theoretically proposed as electron beam splitters where incoming electron waves in one GNR can be split coherently into propagating waves in two outgoing terminals with nearly equal amplitude and zero back-scattering. Here we scrutinize this effect for devices composed of narrow zigzag GNRs taking explicitly into account the role of Coulomb repulsion that leads to spin-polarized edge states within mean-field theory. We show that the beam-splitting effect survives the opening of the well-known correlation gap and, more strikingly, that a spin-dependent scattering potential emerges which spin polarizes the transmitted electrons in the two outputs. By studying different ribbons and intersection angles we provide evidence that this is a general feature with edge-polarized nanoribbons. A near-perfect polarization can be achieved by joining several junctions in series. Our findings suggest that GNRs are interesting building blocks in spintronics and quantum technologies with applications for interferometry and entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sanz
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nick Papior
- DTU Computing Center, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Géza Giedke
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) CSIC-UPV/EHU, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mads Brandbyge
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
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35
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Biswas K, Urbani M, Sánchez-Grande A, Soler-Polo D, Lauwaet K, Matěj A, Mutombo P, Veis L, Brabec J, Pernal K, Gallego JM, Miranda R, Écija D, Jelínek P, Torres T, Urgel JI. Interplay between π-Conjugation and Exchange Magnetism in One-Dimensional Porphyrinoid Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12725-12731. [PMID: 35817408 PMCID: PMC9305978 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel polymeric materials with porphyrinoid compounds as key components of the repeating units attracts widespread interest from several scientific fields in view of their extraordinary variety of functional properties with potential applications in a wide range of highly significant technologies. The vast majority of such polymers present a closed-shell ground state, and, only recently, as the result of improved synthetic strategies, the engineering of open-shell porphyrinoid polymers with spin delocalization along the conjugation length has been achieved. Here, we present a combined strategy toward the fabrication of one-dimensional porphyrinoid-based polymers homocoupled via surface-catalyzed [3 + 3] cycloaromatization of isopropyl substituents on Au(111). Scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy describe the thermal-activated intra- and intermolecular oxidative ring closure reactions as well as the controlled tip-induced hydrogen dissociation from the porphyrinoid units. In addition, scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements, complemented by computational investigations, reveal the open-shell character, that is, the antiferromagnetic singlet ground state (S = 0) of the formed polymers, characterized by singlet-triplet inelastic excitations observed between spins of adjacent porphyrinoid units. Our approach sheds light on the crucial relevance of the π-conjugation in the correlations between spins, while expanding the on-surface synthesis toolbox and opening avenues toward the synthesis of innovative functional nanomaterials with prospects in carbon-based spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Biswas
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Maxence Urbani
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Diego Soler-Polo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Praha 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Praha 162 00, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Praha 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Veis
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 182 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Brabec
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 182 00, Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Pernal
- Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz 90-924, Poland
| | - José M Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.,Departamento de Física de La Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Praha 162 00, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Tomás Torres
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - José I Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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36
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Gu Y, Qiu Z, Müllen K. Nanographenes and Graphene Nanoribbons as Multitalents of Present and Future Materials Science. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11499-11524. [PMID: 35671225 PMCID: PMC9264366 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As cut-outs from a graphene sheet, nanographenes (NGs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are ideal cases with which to connect the world of molecules with that of bulk carbon materials. While various top-down approaches have been developed to produce such nanostructures in high yields, in the present perspective, precision structural control is emphasized for the length, width, and edge structures of NGs and GNRs achieved by modern solution and on-surface syntheses. Their structural possibilities have been further extended from "flatland" to the three-dimensional world, where chirality and handedness are the jewels in the crown. In addition to properties exhibited at the molecular level, self-assembly and thin-film structures cannot be neglected, which emphasizes the importance of processing techniques. With the rich toolkit of chemistry in hand, NGs and GNRs can be endowed with versatile properties and functions ranging from stimulated emission to spintronics and from bioimaging to energy storage, thus demonstrating their multitalents in present and future materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Shenzhen
Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and
Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg
University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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37
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He Y, Li N, Castelli IE, Li R, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li C, Wang B, Gao S, Peng L, Hou S, Shen Z, Lü JT, Wu K, Hedegård P, Wang Y. Observation of Biradical Spin Coupling through Hydrogen Bonds. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:236401. [PMID: 35749188 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.236401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of intermolecular electron spin interaction is of fundamental importance in both science and technology. Here, radical pairs of all-trans retinoic acid molecules on Au(111) are created using an ultralow temperature scanning tunneling microscope. Antiferromagnetic coupling between two radicals is identified by magnetic-field-dependent spectroscopy. The measured exchange energies are from 0.1 to 1.0 meV. The biradical spin coupling is mediated through O─H⋯O hydrogen bonds, as elucidated from analysis combining density functional theory calculation and a modern version of valence bond theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Center for Carbon-Based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Na Li
- Center for Carbon-Based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ivano E Castelli
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ruoning Li
- Center for Carbon-Based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Center for Carbon-Based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Center for Carbon-Based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chao Li
- Center for Carbon-Based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lianmao Peng
- Center for Carbon-Based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shimin Hou
- Center for Carbon-Based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ziyong Shen
- Center for Carbon-Based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing-Tao Lü
- School of Physics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Per Hedegård
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Center for Carbon-Based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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38
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Biswas K, Urgel JI, Ajayakumar MR, Ma J, Sánchez-Grande A, Edalatmanesh S, Lauwaet K, Mutombo P, Gallego JM, Miranda R, Jelínek P, Feng X, Écija D. Synthesis and Characterization of peri-Heptacene on a Metallic Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114983. [PMID: 35170842 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of long n-peri-acenes (n-PAs) is challenging as a result of their inherent open-shell radical character, which arises from the presence of parallel zigzag edges beyond a certain n value. They are considered as π-electron model systems to study magnetism in graphene nanostructures; being potential candidates in the fabrication of optoelectronic and spintronic devices. Here, we report the on-surface formation of the largest pristine member of the n-PA family, i.e. peri-heptacene (n=7, 7-PA), obtained on an Au(111) substrate under ultra-high vacuum conditions. Our high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy investigations, complemented by theoretical simulations, provide insight into the chemical structure of this previously elusive compound. In addition, scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals the antiferromagnetic open-shell singlet ground state of 7-PA, exhibiting singlet-triplet spin-flip inelastic excitations with an effective exchange coupling (Jeff ) of 49 meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Biswas
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José I Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M R Ajayakumar
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shayan Edalatmanesh
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, 16253, Praha, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, 16253, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - José M Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, 16253, Praha, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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39
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Strain-Modulated Magnetism in MoS2. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111929. [PMID: 35683784 PMCID: PMC9182138 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the experiments found that two-dimensional (2D) materials such as single-layer MoS2 can withstand up to 20% strain, strain-modulated magnetism has gradually become an emerging research field. However, applying strain alone is difficult to modulate the magnetism of single-layer pristine MoS2, but applying strain combined with other tuning techniques such as introducing defects makes it easier to produce and alter the magnetism in MoS2. Here, we summarize the recent progress of strain-dependent magnetism in MoS2. First, we review the progress in theoretical study. Then, we compare the experimental methods of applying strain and their effects on magnetism. Specifically, we emphasize the roles played by web buckles, which induce biaxial tensile strain conveniently. Despite some progress, the study of strain-dependent MoS2 magnetism is still in its infancy, and a few potential directions for future research are discussed at the end. Overall, a broad and in-depth understanding of strain-tunable magnetism is very necessary, which will further drive the development of spintronics, straintronics, and flexible electronics.
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40
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Biswas K, Urgel JI, Ajayakumar MR, Ma J, Sánchez‐Grande A, Edalatmanesh S, Lauwaet K, Mutombo P, Gallego JM, Miranda R, Jelínek P, Feng X, Écija D. Synthesis and Characterization of
peri
‐Heptacene on a Metallic Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Biswas
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - José I. Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - M. R. Ajayakumar
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technical University of Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technical University of Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Ana Sánchez‐Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Shayan Edalatmanesh
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science 16253 Praha Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc 771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science 16253 Praha Czech Republic
| | - José M. Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science 16253 Praha Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc 771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technical University of Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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41
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On-surface synthesis of triangulene trimers via dehydration reaction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1705. [PMID: 35361812 PMCID: PMC8971457 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Triangulene and its homologues are of considerable interest for molecular spintronics due to their high-spin ground states as well as the potential for constructing high spin frameworks. Realizing triangulene-based high-spin system on surface is challenging but of particular importance for understanding π-electron magnetism. Here, we report two approaches to generate triangulene trimers on Au(111) by using surface-assisted dehydration and alkyne trimerization, respectively. We find that the developed dehydration reaction shows much higher chemoselectivity thus resulting in significant promotion of product yield compared to that using alkyne trimerization approach, through cutting the side reaction path. Combined with spin-polarized density functional theory calculations, scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements identify the septuple (S = 3) high-spin ground state and quantify the collective ferromagnetic interaction among three triangulene units. Our results demonstrate the approaches to fabricate high-quality triangulene-based high spin systems and understand their magnetic interactions, which are essential for realizing carbon-based spintronic devices.
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42
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Pizzochero M, Kaxiras E. Hydrogen Atoms on Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons: Chemistry and Magnetism Meet at the Edge. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1922-1928. [PMID: 35167308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the unconventional π-magnetism at the zigzag edges of graphene holds promise for a wide array of applications, whether and to what degree it plays a role in their chemistry remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the addition of a hydrogen atom─the simplest yet the most experimentally relevant adsorbate─to zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs). We show that the π-magnetism governs the chemistry of ZGNRs, giving rise to a site-dependent reactivity of the carbon atoms and driving the hydrogenation process to the nanoribbon edges. Conversely, the chemisorbed hydrogen atom governs the π-magnetism of ZGNRs, acting as a spin-1/2 paramagnetic center in the otherwise antiferromagnetic ground state and spin-polarizing the charge carriers at the band extrema. Our findings establish a comprehensive picture of the peculiar interplay between chemistry and magnetism that emerges at the zigzag edges of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pizzochero
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Efthimios Kaxiras
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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43
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Wang T, Berdonces-Layunta A, Friedrich N, Vilas-Varela M, Calupitan JP, Pascual JI, Peña D, Casanova D, Corso M, de Oteyza DG. Aza-Triangulene: On-Surface Synthesis and Electronic and Magnetic Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4522-4529. [PMID: 35254059 PMCID: PMC8931755 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Nitrogen
heteroatom doping into a triangulene molecule allows tuning
its magnetic state. However, the synthesis of the nitrogen-doped triangulene
(aza-triangulene) has been challenging. Herein, we report the successful
synthesis of aza-triangulene on the Au(111) and Ag(111) surfaces,
along with their characterizations by scanning tunneling microscopy
and spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory (DFT)
calculations. Aza-triangulenes were obtained by reducing ketone-substituted
precursors. Exposure to atomic hydrogen followed by thermal annealing
and, when necessary, manipulations with the scanning probe afforded
the target product. We demonstrate that on Au(111), aza-triangulene
donates an electron to the substrate and exhibits an open-shell triplet
ground state. This is derived from the different Kondo resonances
of the final aza-triangulene product and a series of intermediates
on Au(111). Experimentally mapped molecular orbitals match with DFT-calculated
counterparts for a positively charged aza-triangulene. In contrast,
aza-triangulene on Ag(111) receives an extra electron from the substrate
and displays a closed-shell character. Our study reveals the electronic
properties of aza-triangulene on different metal surfaces and offers
an approach for the fabrication of new hydrocarbon structures, including
reactive open-shell molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berdonces-Layunta
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Jose Ignacio Pascual
- CIC NanoGUNE BRTA, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Martina Corso
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dimas G. de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-PA; 33940 El Entrego, Spain
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44
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Wang T, Sanz S, Castro-Esteban J, Lawrence J, Berdonces-Layunta A, Mohammed MSG, Vilas-Varela M, Corso M, Peña D, Frederiksen T, de Oteyza DG. Magnetic Interactions Between Radical Pairs in Chiral Graphene Nanoribbons. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:164-171. [PMID: 34936370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Open-shell graphene nanoribbons have become promising candidates for future applications, including quantum technologies. Here, we characterize magnetic states hosted by chiral graphene nanoribbons (chGNRs). The substitution of a hydrogen atom at the chGNR edge by a ketone effectively adds one pz electron to the π-electron network, producing an unpaired π-radical. A similar scenario occurs for regular ketone-functionalized chGNRs in which one ketone is missing. Two such radical states can interact via exchange coupling, and we study those interactions as a function of their relative position, which includes a remarkable dependence on the chirality, as well as on the nature of the surrounding ribbon, that is, with or without ketone functionalization. Besides, we determine the parameters whereby this type of system with oxygen heteroatoms can be adequately described within the widely used mean-field Hubbard model. Altogether, we provide insight to both theoretically model and devise GNR-based nanostructures with tunable magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sofia Sanz
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jesús Castro-Esteban
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - James Lawrence
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berdonces-Layunta
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mohammed S G Mohammed
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Martina Corso
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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45
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Jacobse PH, Jin Z, Jiang J, Peurifoy S, Yue Z, Wang Z, Rizzo DJ, Louie SG, Nuckolls C, Crommie MF. Pseudo-atomic orbital behavior in graphene nanoribbons with four-membered rings. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabl5892. [PMID: 34936436 PMCID: PMC8694588 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl5892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of nonhexagonal rings into graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is an effective strategy for engineering localized electronic states, bandgaps, and magnetic properties. Here, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of nanoribbons having four-membered ring (cyclobutadienoid) linkages by using an on-surface synthesis approach involving direct contact transfer of coronene-type precursors followed by thermally assisted [2 + 2] cycloaddition. The resulting coronene-cyclobutadienoid nanoribbons feature a narrow 600-meV bandgap and novel electronic frontier states that can be interpreted as linear chains of effective px and py pseudo-atomic orbitals. We show that these states give rise to exceptional physical properties, such as a rigid indirect energy gap. This provides a previously unexplored strategy for constructing narrow gap GNRs via modification of precursor molecules whose function is to modulate the coupling between adjacent four-membered ring states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Jacobse
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zexin Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Samuel Peurifoy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ziqin Yue
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rizzo
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Steven G. Louie
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Michael F. Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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46
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47
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Spin State Switching in Heptauthrene Nanostructure by Electric Field: Computational Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413364. [PMID: 34948161 PMCID: PMC8705984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental studies proved the presence of the triplet spin state in atomically precise heptauthrene nanostructure of nanographene type (composed of two interconnected triangles with zigzag edge). In the paper, we report the computational study predicting the possibility of controlling this spin state with an external in-plane electric field by causing the spin switching. We construct and discuss the ground state magnetic phase diagram involving S=1 (triplet) state, S=0 antiferromagnetic state and non-magnetic state and predict the switching possibility with the critical electric field of the order of 0.1 V/Å. We discuss the spin distribution across the nanostructure, finding its concentration along the longest zigzag edge. To model our system of interest, we use the mean-field Hubbard Hamiltonian, taking into account the in-plane external electric field as well as the in-plane magnetic field (in a form of the exchange field from the substrate). We also assess the effect of uniaxial strain on the magnetic phase diagram.
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48
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Kawai S, Ishikawa A, Ishida S, Yamakado T, Ma Y, Sun K, Tateyama Y, Pawlak R, Meyer E, Saito S, Osuka A. On‐Surface Synthesis of Porphyrin‐Complex Multi‐Block Co‐Oligomers by Defluorinative Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Kawai
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Sengen 1-2-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishikawa
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials (GREEN) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Namiki 1–1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 333-0012 Japan
| | - Shin‐ichiro Ishida
- Kyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takuya Yamakado
- Kyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yujing Ma
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Sengen 1-2-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Kewei Sun
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Sengen 1-2-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tateyama
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials (GREEN) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Namiki 1–1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB) Kyoto University 1-30 Goryo-Ohara Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245 Japan
| | - Rémy Pawlak
- Department of Physics University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Shohei Saito
- Kyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Kyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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49
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Kawai S, Ishikawa A, Ishida SI, Yamakado T, Ma Y, Sun K, Tateyama Y, Pawlak R, Meyer E, Saito S, Osuka A. On-Surface Synthesis of Porphyrin-Complex Multi-Block Co-Oligomers by Defluorinative Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114697. [PMID: 34826204 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
On-surface chemical reaction has become a very powerful technique to synthesize nanostructures by linking small molecules in the bottom-up approach. Given the fact that most reactants are simultaneously activated at certain temperatures, a sequential reaction in a controlled way has remained challenging. Here, we present an on-surface synthesis of multi-block co-oligomers from trifluoromethyl (CF3 ) substituted porphyrin metal complexes. The oligomerization on Au(111) is demonstrated with a combination of bond-resolved scanning probe microscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Even after the first oligomerization of single monomer unit, the termini of the oligomer keep the CF3 group, which can be used as a reactant for further coupling in a sequential order. Consequently, copper, cobalt, and palladium complexes of bisanthracene-fused porphyrin oligomers were linked with each other in a designed order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Kawai
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishikawa
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials (GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 333-0012, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Ishida
- Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamakado
- Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yujing Ma
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kewei Sun
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tateyama
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials (GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8245, Japan
| | - Rémy Pawlak
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shohei Saito
- Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Hieulle J, Castro S, Friedrich N, Vegliante A, Lara FR, Sanz S, Rey D, Corso M, Frederiksen T, Pascual JI, Peña D. On-Surface Synthesis and Collective Spin Excitations of a Triangulene-Based Nanostar. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25224-25229. [PMID: 34647398 PMCID: PMC9292598 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Triangulene nanographenes are open‐shell molecules with predicted high spin state due to the frustration of their conjugated network. Their long‐sought synthesis became recently possible over a metal surface. Here, we present a macrocycle formed by six [3]triangulenes, which was obtained by combining the solution synthesis of a dimethylphenyl‐anthracene cyclic hexamer and the on‐surface cyclodehydrogenation of this precursor over a gold substrate. The resulting triangulene nanostar exhibits a collective spin state generated by the interaction of its 12 unpaired π‐electrons along the conjugated lattice, corresponding to the antiferromagnetic ordering of six S=1 sites (one per triangulene unit). Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy resolved three spin excitations connecting the singlet ground state with triplet states. The nanostar behaves close to predictions from the Heisenberg model of an S=1 spin ring, representing a unique system to test collective spin modes in cyclic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Castro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco Romero Lara
- CIC nanoGUNE-BRTA, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sofía Sanz
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dulce Rey
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Martina Corso
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Pascual
- CIC nanoGUNE-BRTA, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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