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Kirtane AR, Tang C, Freitas D, Bernstock JD, Traverso G. Challenges and opportunities in the development of mucosal mRNA vaccines. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 85:102388. [PMID: 37776698 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have played a critical role in controlling the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and are being actively studied for use in other diseases. There is a growing interest in applying mRNA vaccines at mucosal surfaces as it enables access to a unique immune reservoir in a less-invasive manner. However, mucosal surfaces present several barriers to mRNA uptake, including degrading enzymes, mucus, and clearance mechanisms. In this mini-review, we discuss our understanding of the immune response to mucosal mRNA vaccines as it compares to systemic mRNA vaccines. We also highlight physical and chemical methods for enhancing mRNA uptake across mucosal tissues. Mucosal mRNA vaccination is a nascent field of research, which will greatly benefit from fundamental investigations into the mechanisms of immune activation and the development of technologies for improved delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya R Kirtane
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Chaoyang Tang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dylan Freitas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Borgo GM, Rutishauser RL. Generating and measuring effective vaccine-elicited HIV-specific CD8 + T cell responses. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2023; 18:331-341. [PMID: 37751362 PMCID: PMC10552829 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is growing consensus that eliciting CD8 + T cells in addition to antibodies may be required for an effective HIV vaccine for both prevention and cure. Here, we review key qualities of vaccine-elicited CD8 + T cells as well as major CD8 + T cell-based delivery platforms used in recent HIV vaccine clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Much progress has been made in improving HIV immunogen design and delivery platforms to optimize CD8 + T cell responses. With regards to viral vectors, recent trials have tested newer chimp and human adenovirus vectors as well as a CMV vector. DNA vaccine immunogenicity has been increased by delivering the vaccines by electroporation and together with adjuvants as well as administering them as part of a heterologous regimen. In preclinical models, self-amplifying RNA vaccines can generate durable tissue-based CD8 + T cells. While it may be beneficial for HIV vaccines to recapitulate the functional and phenotypic features of HIV-specific CD8 + T cells isolated from elite controllers, most of these features are not routinely measured in HIV vaccine clinical trials. SUMMARY Identifying a vaccine capable of generating durable T cell responses that target mutationally vulnerable epitopes and that can rapidly intercept infecting or rebounding virus remains a challenge for HIV. Comprehensive assessment of HIV vaccine-elicited CD8 + T cells, as well as comparisons between different vaccine platforms, will be critical to advance our understanding of how to design better CD8 + T cell-based vaccines for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Borgo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Bollimpelli VS, Reddy PBJ, Gangadhara S, Charles TP, Burton SL, Tharp GK, Styles TM, Labranche CC, Smith JC, Upadhyay AA, Sahoo A, Legere T, Shiferaw A, Velu V, Yu T, Tomai M, Vasilakos J, Kasturi SP, Shaw GM, Montefiori D, Bosinger SE, Kozlowski PA, Pulendran B, Derdeyn CA, Hunter E, Amara RR. Intradermal but not intramuscular modified vaccinia Ankara immunizations protect against intravaginal tier2 simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenges in female macaques. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4789. [PMID: 37553348 PMCID: PMC10409804 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Route of immunization can markedly influence the quality of immune response. Here, we show that intradermal (ID) but not intramuscular (IM) modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccinations provide protection from acquisition of intravaginal tier2 simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenges in female macaques. Both routes of vaccination induce comparable levels of serum IgG with neutralizing and non-neutralizing activities. The protection in MVA-ID group correlates positively with serum neutralizing and antibody-dependent phagocytic activities, and envelope-specific vaginal IgA; while the limited protection in MVA-IM group correlates only with serum neutralizing activity. MVA-ID immunizations induce greater germinal center Tfh and B cell responses, reduced the ratio of Th1 to Tfh cells in blood and showed lower activation of intermediate monocytes and inflammasome compared to MVA-IM immunizations. This lower innate activation correlates negatively with induction of Tfh responses. These data demonstrate that the MVA-ID vaccinations protect against intravaginal SHIV challenges by modulating the innate and T helper responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata S Bollimpelli
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Pradeep B J Reddy
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Sailaja Gangadhara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Tysheena P Charles
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Samantha L Burton
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Gregory K Tharp
- NHP Genomics Core Laboratory, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Tiffany M Styles
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Celia C Labranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Justin C Smith
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amit A Upadhyay
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Anusmita Sahoo
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Traci Legere
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Ayalnesh Shiferaw
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tianwei Yu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mark Tomai
- 3M Corporate Research and Materials Lab, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Sudhir P Kasturi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - George M Shaw
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven E Bosinger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pamela A Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia A Derdeyn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Hunter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rama R Amara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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4
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Gaglio SC, Perduca M, Zipeto D, Bardi G. Efficiency of Chitosan Nanocarriers in Vaccinology for Mucosal Immunization. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1333. [PMID: 37631901 PMCID: PMC10459455 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosal barrier constitutes a huge surface area, close to 40 m2 in humans, located mostly in the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts and ocular cavities. It plays a crucial role in tissue interactions with the microbiome, dietary antigens and other environmental materials. Effective vaccinations to achieve highly protective mucosal immunity are evolving strategies to counteract several serious diseases including tuberculosis, diphtheria, influenzae B, severe acute respiratory syndrome, Human Papilloma Virus infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Interestingly, one of the reasons behind the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants has been the weakness of local immunization at the level of the respiratory mucosa. Mucosal vaccines can outperform parenteral vaccination as they specifically elicit protective mucosal immune responses blocking infection and transmission. In this scenario, chitosan-based nanovaccines are promising adjuvants-carrier systems that rely on the ability of chitosan to cross tight junctions and enhance particle uptake due to chitosan-specific mucoadhesive properties. Indeed, chitosan not only improves the adhesion of antigens to the mucosa promoting their absorption but also shows intrinsic immunostimulant abilities. Furthermore, by finely tuning the colloidal properties of chitosan, it can provide sustained antigen release to strongly activate the humoral defense. In the present review, we agnostically discuss the potential reasons why chitosan-based vaccine carriers, that efficiently elicit strong immune responses in experimental setups and in some pre-clinical/clinical studies, are still poorly considered for therapeutic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Calogero Gaglio
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Cà Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Perduca
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Cà Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Donato Zipeto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bardi
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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5
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Zhang L, Guo F, Xu S, Deng Q, Xie M, Sun J, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Deng H, Jiang H, Yu L, Tang BZ. AIEgen-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Preventing Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias Via Local Hyperthermia Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2304620. [PMID: 37532257 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgen) based covalent organic frameworks (COFs), TDTA-COF, BTDTA-COF, and BTDBETA-COF are reported, as hyperthermia agents for inhibiting the occurrence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). These AIE COFs exhibit dual functionality, as they not only directly modulate the function and neural activity of stellate ganglion (SG) through local hyperthermia therapy (LHT) but also induce the browning of white fat and improve the neuroinflammation peri-SG microenvironment, which is favorable for inhibiting ischemia-induced VAs. In vivo studies have confirmed that BTDBETA-COF-mediated LHT enhances thermogenesis and browning-related gene expression, thereby serving a synergistic role in combating VAs. Transcriptome analysis of peri-SG adipose tissue reveals a substantial downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, highlighting the potency of BTDBETA-COF-mediated LHT in ameliorating the neuroinflammation peri-SG microenvironment and offering myocardial and arrhythmia protection. The work on AIE COF-based hyperthermia agent for VAs inhibition provides a new avenue for mitigating cardiac sympathetic nerve hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Luojiashan, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fuding Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Saiting Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qiang Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Mengjie Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry and The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry and The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry and The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hexiang Deng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Luojiashan, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lilei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry and The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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6
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Sun F, Shen H, Yang Q, Yuan Z, Chen Y, Guo W, Wang Y, Yang L, Bai Z, Liu Q, Jiang M, Lam JWY, Sun J, Ye R, Kwok RTK, Tang BZ. Dual Behavior Regulation: Tether-Free Deep-Brain Stimulation by Photothermal and Upconversion Hybrid Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210018. [PMID: 36864009 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetics has been plagued by invasive brain implants and thermal effects during photo-modulation. Here, two upconversion hybrid nanoparticles modified with photothermal agents, named PT-UCNP-B/G, which can modulate neuronal activities via photostimulation and thermo-stimulation under near-infrared laser irradiation at 980 nm and 808 nm, respectively, are demonstrated. PT-UCNP-B/G emits visible light (410-500 nm or 500-570 nm) through the upconversion process at 980 nm, while they exhibit efficient photothermal effect at 808 nm with no visible emission and tissue damage. Intriguingly, PT-UCNP-B significantly activates extracellular sodium currents in neuro2a cells expressing light-gated channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) ion channels under 980-nm irradiation, and inhibits potassium currents in human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing the voltage-gated potassium channels (KCNQ1) under 808-nm irradiation in vitro. Furthermore, deep-brain bidirectional modulation of feeding behavior is achieved under tether-free 980 or 808-nm illumination (0.8 W cm-2 ) in mice stereotactically injected with PT-UCNP-B in the ChR2-expressing lateral hypothalamus region. Thus, PT-UCNP-B/G creates new possibility of utilizing both light and heat to modulate neural activities and provides a viable strategy to overcome the limits of optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyi Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hanchen Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qinghu Yang
- College of Life Science & Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, 716000, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyue Yuan
- College of Life Science & Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, 716000, P. R. China
| | - Yuyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Science & Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, 716000, P. R. China
| | - Liang Yang
- College of Life Science & Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, 716000, P. R. China
| | - Zhantao Bai
- College of Life Science & Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, 716000, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ming Jiang
- College of Life Science & Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, 716000, P. R. China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ruquan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
- Center of Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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7
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Mattathil JG, Volz A, Onabajo OO, Maynard S, Bixler SL, Shen XX, Vargas-Inchaustegui D, Robert-Guroff M, Lebranche C, Tomaras G, Montefiori D, Sutter G, Mattapallil JJ. Direct intranodal tonsil vaccination with modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine protects macaques from highly pathogenic SIVmac251. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1264. [PMID: 36882405 PMCID: PMC9990026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a mucosally transmitted virus that causes immunodeficiency and AIDS. Developing efficacious vaccines to prevent infection is essential to control the epidemic. Protecting the vaginal and rectal mucosa, the primary routes of HIV entry has been a challenge given the significant compartmentalization between the mucosal and peripheral immune systems. We hypothesized that direct intranodal vaccination of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) such as the readily accessible palatine tonsils could overcome this compartmentalization. Here we show that rhesus macaques primed with plasmid DNA encoding SIVmac251-env and gag genes followed by an intranodal tonsil MALT boost with MVA encoding the same genes protects from a repeated low dose intrarectal challenge with highly pathogenic SIVmac251; 43% (3/7) of vaccinated macaques remained uninfected after 9 challenges as compared to the unvaccinated control (0/6) animals. One vaccinated animal remained free of infection even after 22 challenges. Vaccination was associated with a ~2 log decrease in acute viremia that inversely correlated with anamnestic immune responses. Our results suggest that a combination of systemic and intranodal tonsil MALT vaccination could induce robust adaptive and innate immune responses leading to protection from mucosal infection with highly pathogenic HIV and rapidly control viral breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffy G Mattathil
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Asisa Volz
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Sean Maynard
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra L Bixler
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gerd Sutter
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph J Mattapallil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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8
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Caputo V, Libera M, Sisti S, Giuliani B, Diotti RA, Criscuolo E. The initial interplay between HIV and mucosal innate immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1104423. [PMID: 36798134 PMCID: PMC9927018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is still one of the major global health issues, and despite significant efforts that have been put into studying the pathogenesis of HIV infection, several aspects need to be clarified, including how innate immunity acts in different anatomical compartments. Given the nature of HIV as a sexually transmitted disease, one of the aspects that demands particular attention is the mucosal innate immune response. Given this scenario, we focused our attention on the interplay between HIV and mucosal innate response: the different mucosae act as a physical barrier, whose integrity can be compromised by the infection, and the virus-cell interaction induces the innate immune response. In addition, we explored the role of the mucosal microbiota in facilitating or preventing HIV infection and highlighted how its changes could influence the development of several opportunistic infections. Although recent progress, a proper characterization of mucosal innate immune response and microbiota is still missing, and further studies are needed to understand how they can be helpful for the formulation of an effective vaccine.
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9
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Lee J, Khang D. Mucosal delivery of nanovaccine strategy against COVID-19 and its variants. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:S2211-3835(22)00489-0. [PMID: 36438851 PMCID: PMC9676163 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the global administration of approved COVID-19 vaccines (e.g., ChAdOx1 nCoV-19®, mRNA-1273®, BNT162b2®), the number of infections and fatalities continue to rise at an alarming rate because of the new variants such as Omicron and its subvariants. Including COVID-19 vaccines that are licensed for human use, most of the vaccines that are currently in clinical trials are administered via parenteral route. However, it has been proven that the parenteral vaccines do not induce localized immunity in the upper respiratory mucosal surface, and administration of the currently approved vaccines does not necessarily lead to sterilizing immunity. This further supports the necessity of a mucosal vaccine that blocks the main entrance route of COVID-19: nasal and oral mucosal surfaces. Understanding the mechanism of immune regulation of M cells and dendritic cells and targeting them can be another promising approach for the successful stimulation of the mucosal immune system. This paper reviews the basic mechanisms of the mucosal immunity elicited by mucosal vaccines and summarizes the practical aspects and challenges of nanotechnology-based vaccine platform development, as well as ligand hybrid nanoparticles as potentially effective target delivery agents for mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
- Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
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10
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Monge C, Ayad C, Paris AL, Rovera R, Colomb E, Verrier B. Mucosal Adjuvants Delivered by a Mucoadhesive Patch for Sublingual Administration of Subunit Vaccines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13440. [PMID: 36362224 PMCID: PMC9655718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Among mucosal administration routes for vaccines, the sublingual route has been proven capable of inducing a potent systemic and mucosal immune response. However, the absence of a simple and compliant delivery system and the lack of robust mucosal adjuvants impede the development of sublingual vaccines. Here, we describe a mucoadhesive patch made of a layer-by-layer assembly of polysaccharides, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid. The mucoadhesive patch was covered by adjuvanted nanoparticles carrying viral proteins. We showed that the nanoparticles effectively cross the outer layers of the sublingual mucosa to reach the epithelium. Furthermore, the encapsulated adjuvants, 3M-052 and mifamurtide, targeting toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 (NOD2), respectively, remain fully active after encapsulation into nanoparticles and exhibit a cytokine/chemokine signature similar to the mucosal gold-standard adjuvant, the cholera toxin. However, the particulate adjuvants induced more moderate levels of proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-6 and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), suggesting a controlled activation of the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Monge
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d’Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69007 Lyon, France
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11
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Xu S, Carpenter MC, Spreng RL, Neidich SD, Sarkar S, Tenney D, Goodman D, Sawant S, Jha S, Dunn B, Juliana McElrath M, Bekker V, Mudrak SV, Flinko R, Lewis GK, Ferrari G, Tomaras GD, Shen X, Ackerman ME. Impact of adjuvants on the biophysical and functional characteristics of HIV vaccine-elicited antibodies in humans. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:90. [PMID: 35927399 PMCID: PMC9352797 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants can alter the magnitude, characteristics, and persistence of the humoral response to protein vaccination. HIV vaccination might benefit from tailored adjuvant choice as raising a durable and protective response to vaccination has been exceptionally challenging. Analysis of trials of partially effective HIV vaccines have identified features of the immune response that correlate with decreased risk, including high titers of V1V2-binding IgG and IgG3 responses with low titers of V1V2-binding IgA responses and enhanced Fc effector functions, notably antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). However, there has been limited opportunity to compare the effect of different adjuvants on these activities in humans. Here, samples from the AVEG015 study, a phase 1 trial in which participants (n = 112) were immunized with gp120SF-2 and one of six different adjuvants or combinations thereof were assessed for antibody titer, biophysical features, and diverse effector functions. Three adjuvants, MF59 + MTP-PE, SAF/2, and SAF/2 + MDP, increased the peak magnitude and durability of antigen-specific IgG3, IgA, FcγR-binding responses and ADCP activity, as compared to alum. While multiple adjuvants increased the titer of IgG, IgG3, and IgA responses, none consistently altered the balance of IgG to IgA or IgG3 to IgA. Linear regression analysis identified biophysical features including gp120-specific IgG and FcγR-binding responses that could predict functional activity, and network analysis identified coordinated aspects of the humoral response. These analyses reveal the ability of adjuvants to drive the character and function of the humoral response despite limitations of small sample size and immune variability in this human clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Xu
- Quantitative Biomedical Science Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Rachel L Spreng
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott D Neidich
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sharanya Sarkar
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - DeAnna Tenney
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Derrick Goodman
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sheetal Sawant
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shalini Jha
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brooke Dunn
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Valerie Bekker
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah V Mudrak
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robin Flinko
- Division of Vaccine Research, The Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George K Lewis
- Division of Vaccine Research, The Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Quantitative Biomedical Science Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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12
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Styles TM, Gangadhara S, Reddy PBJ, Sahoo A, Shiferaw A, Welbourn S, Kozlowski PA, Derdeyn CA, Velu V, Amara RR. V2 hotspot optimized MVA vaccine expressing stabilized HIV-1 Clade C envelope Gp140 delays acquisition of heterologous Clade C Tier 2 challenges in Mamu-A*01 negative Rhesus Macaques. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914969. [PMID: 35935987 PMCID: PMC9353326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stabilized HIV envelope (Env) trimeric protein immunogens have been shown to induce strong autologous neutralizing antibody response. However, there is limited data on the immunogenicity and efficacy of stabilized Env expressed by a viral vector-based immunogen. Here, we compared the immunogenicity and efficacy of two modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccines based on variable loop 2 hotspot (V2 HS) optimized C.1086 envelope (Env) sequences, one expressing the membrane anchored gp150 (MVA-150) and the other expressing soluble uncleaved pre-fusion optimized (UFO) gp140 trimer (MVA-UFO) in a DNA prime/MVA boost approach against heterologous tier 2 SHIV1157ipd3N4 intrarectal challenges in rhesus macaques (RMs). Both MVA vaccines also expressed SIVmac239 Gag and form virus-like particles. The DNA vaccine expressed SIVmac239 Gag, C.1086 gp160 Env and rhesus CD40L as a built-in adjuvant. Additionally, all immunizations were administered intradermally (ID) to reduce induction of vaccine-specific IFNγ+ CD4 T cell responses. Our results showed that both MVA-150 and MVA-UFO vaccines induce comparable Env specific IgG responses in serum and rectal secretions. The vaccine-induced serum antibody showed ADCC and ADCVI activities against the challenge virus. Comparison with a previous study that used similar immunogens via intramuscular route (IM) showed that ID immunizations induced markedly lower SHIV specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses compared to IM immunizations. Following challenge, MVA-UFO vaccinated animals showed a significant delay in acquisition of SHIV1157ipd3N4 infection but only in Mamu-A*01 negative macaques with an estimated vaccine efficacy of 64% per exposure. The MVA-150 group also showed a trend (p=0.1) for delay in acquisition of SHIV infection with an estimated vaccine efficacy of 57%. The vaccine-induced IFNγ secreting CD8 T cell responses showed a direct association and CD4 T cells showed an inverse association with delay in acquisition of SHIV infection. These results demonstrated that both MVA-150 and MVA-UFO immunogens induce comparable humoral and cellular immunity and the latter provides marginally better protection against heterologous tier 2 SHIV infection. They also demonstrate that DNA/MVA vaccinations delivered by ID route induce better antibody and lower CD4 and CD8 T cell responses compared to IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M. Styles
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sailaja Gangadhara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pradeep B. J. Reddy
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Anusmita Sahoo
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ayalensh Shiferaw
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sarah Welbourn
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pamela A. Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Cynthia A. Derdeyn
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rama Rao Amara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Rama Rao Amara,
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13
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Sahoo A, Jones AT, Cheedarla N, Gangadhara S, Roy V, Styles TM, Shiferaw A, Walter KL, Williams LD, Shen X, Ozorowski G, Lee WH, Burton S, Yi L, Song X, Qin ZS, Derdeyn CA, Ward AB, Clements JD, Varadarajan R, Tomaras GD, Kozlowski PA, Alter G, Amara RR. A clade C HIV-1 vaccine protects against heterologous SHIV infection by modulating IgG glycosylation and T helper response in macaques. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabl4102. [PMID: 35867800 PMCID: PMC9410801 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl4102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The rising global HIV-1 burden urgently requires vaccines capable of providing heterologous protection. Here, we developed a clade C HIV-1 vaccine consisting of priming with modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) and boosting with cyclically permuted trimeric gp120 (CycP-gp120) protein, delivered either orally using a needle-free injector or through parenteral injection. We tested protective efficacy of the vaccine against intrarectal challenges with a pathogenic heterologous clade C SHIV infection in rhesus macaques. Both routes of vaccination induced a strong envelope-specific IgG in serum and rectal secretions directed against V1V2 scaffolds from a global panel of viruses with polyfunctional activities. Envelope-specific IgG showed lower fucosylation compared with total IgG at baseline, and most of the vaccine-induced proliferating blood CD4+ T cells did not express CCR5 and α4β7, markers associated with HIV target cells. After SHIV challenge, both routes of vaccination conferred significant and equivalent protection, with 40% of animals remaining uninfected at the end of six weekly repeated challenges with an estimated efficacy of 68% per exposure. Induction of envelope-specific IgG correlated positively with G1FB glycosylation, and G2S2F glycosylation correlated negatively with protection. Vaccine-induced TNF-α+ IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells and TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells expressing low levels of CCR5 in the rectum at prechallenge were associated with decreased risk of SHIV acquisition. These results demonstrate that the clade C MVA/CycP-gp120 vaccine provides heterologous protection against a tier2 SHIV rectal challenge by inducing a polyfunctional antibody response with distinct Fc glycosylation profile, as well as cytotoxic CD8 T cell response and CCR5-negative T helper response in the rectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusmita Sahoo
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew T Jones
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Narayanaiah Cheedarla
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sailaja Gangadhara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tiffany M Styles
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ayalnesh Shiferaw
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Korey L Walter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - LaTonya D Williams
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical School, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical School, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Samantha Burton
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Lasanajak Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Glycomics and Molecular Interactions Core (EGMIC), School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Glycomics and Molecular Interactions Core (EGMIC), School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhaohui S Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cynthia A Derdeyn
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - John D Clements
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 8638, USA
| | - Raghavan Varadarajan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India.,Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical School, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Pamela A Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rama Rao Amara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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14
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Routhu NK, Gangadhara S, Lai L, Davis Gardner ME, Floyd K, Shiferaw A, Bartsch YC, Fischinger S, Khoury G, Rahman SA, Stampfer SD, Schaefer A, Jean SM, Wallace C, Stammen RL, Wood J, Cohen J, Nagy T, Parsons MS, Gralinski L, Kozlowski PA, Alter G, Suthar MS, Amara RR. A modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine expressing spike and nucleocapsid protects rhesus macaques against SARS-CoV-2 Delta infection. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabo0226. [PMID: 35357886 PMCID: PMC8995033 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines should induce broadly cross-reactive humoral and T cell responses to protect against emerging variants of concern (VOCs). Here, we inactivated the furin cleavage site (FCS) of spike expressed by a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus vaccine (MVA/SdFCS) and found that FCS inactivation markedly increased spike binding to human ACE2. After vaccination of mice, the MVA/SdFCS vaccine induced eightfold higher neutralizing antibodies compared with MVA/S, which expressed spike without FCS inactivation, and protected against the Beta variant. We next added nucleocapsid to the MVA/SdFCS vaccine (MVA/SdFCS-N) and tested its immunogenicity and efficacy via intramuscular (IM), buccal (BU), or sublingual (SL) routes in rhesus macaques. IM vaccination induced spike-specific IgG in serum and mucosae (nose, throat, lung, and rectum) that neutralized the homologous (WA-1/2020) and heterologous VOCs, including Delta, with minimal loss (<2-fold) of activity. IM vaccination also induced both spike- and nucleocapsid-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in the blood. In contrast, the SL and BU vaccinations induced less spike-specific IgG in secretions and lower levels of polyfunctional IgG in serum compared with IM vaccination. After challenge with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, the IM route induced robust protection, the BU route induced moderate protection, and the SL route induced no protection. Vaccine-induced neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibody effector functions positively correlated with protection, but only the effector functions correlated with early protection. Thus, IM vaccination with MVA/SdFCS-N vaccine elicited cross-reactive antibody and T cell responses, protecting against heterologous SARS-CoV-2 VOC more effectively than other routes of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Kishore Routhu
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Sailaja Gangadhara
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Lilin Lai
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Meredith Elizabeth Davis Gardner
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Katharine Floyd
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Ayalnesh Shiferaw
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Yannic C Bartsch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - Georges Khoury
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Sheikh Abdul Rahman
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Samuel David Stampfer
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Alexandra Schaefer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sherrie M. Jean
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Chelsea Wallace
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Rachelle L. Stammen
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Jennifer Wood
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Joyce Cohen
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Tamas Nagy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Matthew S. Parsons
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lisa Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, USA
| | - Pamela A. Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mehul S. Suthar
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rama Rao Amara
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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15
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Garcia‐del Rio L, Diaz‐Rodriguez P, Pedersen GK, Christensen D, Landin M. Sublingual Boosting with a Novel Mucoadhesive Thermogelling Hydrogel Following Parenteral CAF01 Priming as a Strategy Against Chlamydia trachomatis. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102508. [PMID: 35124896 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease of bacterial origin. The high number of asymptomatic cases makes it difficult to stop the transmission, requiring vaccine development. Herein, a strategy is proposed to obtain local genital tract immunity against C. trachomatis through parenteral prime and sublingual boost. Subcutaneous administration of chlamydia CTH522 subunit vaccine loaded in the adjuvant CAF01 is combined with sublingual administration of CTH522 loaded in a novel thermosensitive and mucoadhesive hydrogel. Briefly, a ternary optimized hydrogel (OGEL) with desirable biological and physicochemical properties is obtained using artificial intelligence techniques. This formulation exhibits a high gel strength and a strong mucoadhesive, adhesive and cohesive nature. The thermosensitive properties of the hydrogel facilitate application under the tongue. Meanwhile the fast gelation at body temperature together with rapid antigen release should avoid CTH522 leakage by swallowing and increase the contact with sublingual tissue, thus promoting absorption. In vivo studies demonstrate that parenteral-sublingual prime-boost immunization, using CAF01 and OGEL as CTH522 vaccine carriers, shows a tendency to increase cellular (Th1/Th17) immune responses when compared to mucosal or parenteral vaccination alone. Furthermore, parenteral prime with CAF01/CTH522 followed by sublingual boosting with OGEL/CTH522 elicits a local IgA response in the genital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Garcia‐del Rio
- Departamento de Farmacología Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica Grupo I+D Farma (GI‐1645) Agrupación Estratégica de Materiales (AeMat) Facultad de Farmacia Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) IDIS Research Institute Santiago de Compostela 15706 Spain
| | - Patricia Diaz‐Rodriguez
- Departamento de Farmacología Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica Grupo I+D Farma (GI‐1645) Agrupación Estratégica de Materiales (AeMat) Facultad de Farmacia Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) IDIS Research Institute Santiago de Compostela 15706 Spain
| | - Gabriel Kristian Pedersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology Statens Serum Institut Artillerivej 5 Copenhagen S 2300 Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology Statens Serum Institut Artillerivej 5 Copenhagen S 2300 Denmark
| | - Mariana Landin
- Departamento de Farmacología Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica Grupo I+D Farma (GI‐1645) Agrupación Estratégica de Materiales (AeMat) Facultad de Farmacia Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) IDIS Research Institute Santiago de Compostela 15706 Spain
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16
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Xu Y, Jiang X, Zhou Z, Ferguson T, Obliosca J, Luo CC, Chan KW, Kong XP, Tison CK. Mucosal Delivery of HIV-1 Glycoprotein Vaccine Candidate Enabled by Short Carbon Nanotubes. PARTICLE & PARTICLE SYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION : MEASUREMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF PARTICLE PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOR IN POWDERS AND OTHER DISPERSE SYSTEMS 2022; 39:2200011. [PMID: 36186663 PMCID: PMC9523582 DOI: 10.1002/ppsc.202200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein spike is the target of antibodies, and therefore represents the main viral antigen for antibody-based vaccine design. One of the challenges in HIV-1 vaccine development is finding efficient ways for the immune system to recognize and respond to HIV-1 without establishing an infection. Since HIV-1 enters the body at mucosal surfaces, induction of immune response at these sites is a preferred preventive approach. Nasal administration is a very effective route for mucosal immunization since it can stimulate mucosal immune responses both locally and distantly. In this paper, Luna develops a safe, short carbon nanotube (CNT)-based, needle-free delivery platform known as "CNTVac". The size of short CNT was controlled to possess HIV-1 particle-like morphology (100-200 nm) capable of efficiently delivering a broad range of antigens intranasally. PEG-Lipid served as the antigen conformation protector and mucosal barrier penetration enhancer (Schematic Figure) was localized between V1V2 antigens, which caused highly enhanced local IgA and systemic antibody IgG responses in mice and rabbits. The short CNT incorporated with PEG-Lipid could not only serve as efficient delivery system but also reduce the amount of lipid usage in order to balance the vaccine dosage in order to eliminate the potential adverse effect. These data suggest a promising platform technology for vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Biotech Group, Luna Labs, Luna Innovations Incorporated, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Xunqing Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, US, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ziyou Zhou
- Biotech Group, Luna Labs, Luna Innovations Incorporated, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tammy Ferguson
- Biotech Group, Luna Labs, Luna Innovations Incorporated, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Judy Obliosca
- Biotech Group, Luna Labs, Luna Innovations Incorporated, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Christina C Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, US, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kun-Wei Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, US, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiang-Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, US, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher K Tison
- Biotech Group, Luna Labs, Luna Innovations Incorporated, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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17
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Jansen van Vuren P, McAuley AJ, Kuiper MJ, Singanallur NB, Bruce MP, Riddell S, Goldie S, Mangalaganesh S, Chahal S, Drew TW, Blasdell KR, Tachedjian M, Caly L, Druce JD, Ahmed S, Khan MS, Malladi SK, Singh R, Pandey S, Varadarajan R, Vasan SS. Highly Thermotolerant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Elicits Neutralising Antibodies against Delta and Omicron in Mice. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040800. [PMID: 35458530 PMCID: PMC9031315 DOI: 10.3390/v14040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As existing vaccines fail to completely prevent COVID-19 infections or community transmission, there is an unmet need for vaccines that can better combat SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC). We previously developed highly thermo-tolerant monomeric and trimeric receptor-binding domain derivatives that can withstand 100 °C for 90 min and 37 °C for four weeks and help eliminate cold-chain requirements. We show that mice immunised with these vaccine formulations elicit high titres of antibodies that neutralise SARS-CoV-2 variants VIC31 (with Spike: D614G mutation), Delta and Omicron (BA.1.1) VOC. Compared to VIC31, there was an average 14.4-fold reduction in neutralisation against BA.1.1 for the three monomeric antigen-adjuvant combinations and a 16.5-fold reduction for the three trimeric antigen-adjuvant combinations; the corresponding values against Delta were 2.5 and 3.0. Our findings suggest that monomeric formulations are suitable for upcoming Phase I human clinical trials and that there is potential for increasing the efficacy with vaccine matching to improve the responses against emerging variants. These findings are consistent with in silico modelling and AlphaFold predictions, which show that, while oligomeric presentation can be generally beneficial, it can make important epitopes inaccessible and also carries the risk of eliciting unwanted antibodies against the oligomerisation domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus Jansen van Vuren
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (P.J.v.V.); (A.J.M.); (N.B.S.); (M.P.B.); (S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (T.W.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Alexander J. McAuley
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (P.J.v.V.); (A.J.M.); (N.B.S.); (M.P.B.); (S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (T.W.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Michael J. Kuiper
- Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Docklands, VIC 3008, Australia;
| | - Nagendrakumar Balasubramanian Singanallur
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (P.J.v.V.); (A.J.M.); (N.B.S.); (M.P.B.); (S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (T.W.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Matthew P. Bruce
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (P.J.v.V.); (A.J.M.); (N.B.S.); (M.P.B.); (S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (T.W.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Shane Riddell
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (P.J.v.V.); (A.J.M.); (N.B.S.); (M.P.B.); (S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (T.W.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Sarah Goldie
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (P.J.v.V.); (A.J.M.); (N.B.S.); (M.P.B.); (S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (T.W.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Shruthi Mangalaganesh
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (P.J.v.V.); (A.J.M.); (N.B.S.); (M.P.B.); (S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (T.W.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.T.)
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Simran Chahal
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (P.J.v.V.); (A.J.M.); (N.B.S.); (M.P.B.); (S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (T.W.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Trevor W. Drew
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (P.J.v.V.); (A.J.M.); (N.B.S.); (M.P.B.); (S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (T.W.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Kim R. Blasdell
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (P.J.v.V.); (A.J.M.); (N.B.S.); (M.P.B.); (S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (T.W.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Mary Tachedjian
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (P.J.v.V.); (A.J.M.); (N.B.S.); (M.P.B.); (S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (T.W.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Leon Caly
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (J.D.D.)
| | - Julian D. Druce
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (J.D.D.)
| | - Shahbaz Ahmed
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (S.A.); (M.S.K.); (S.K.M.); (R.V.)
| | - Mohammad Suhail Khan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (S.A.); (M.S.K.); (S.K.M.); (R.V.)
| | - Sameer Kumar Malladi
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (S.A.); (M.S.K.); (S.K.M.); (R.V.)
| | - Randhir Singh
- Mynvax Private Limited, ES-12, Incubation Centre, Society for Innovation and Development, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (R.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Suman Pandey
- Mynvax Private Limited, ES-12, Incubation Centre, Society for Innovation and Development, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (R.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Raghavan Varadarajan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (S.A.); (M.S.K.); (S.K.M.); (R.V.)
| | - Seshadri S. Vasan
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (P.J.v.V.); (A.J.M.); (N.B.S.); (M.P.B.); (S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (T.W.D.); (K.R.B.); (M.T.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-352275346
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18
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Wang H, Li P, Zhang M, Bi J, He Y, Li F, Yu R, Gao F, Kong W, Yu B, Chen L, Yu X. Vaccine with bacterium-like particles displaying HIV-1 gp120 trimer elicits specific mucosal responses and neutralizing antibodies in rhesus macaques. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2022-2039. [PMID: 35290714 PMCID: PMC9249329 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have shown that the induction of secretory IgA (sIgA) in mucosa and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in sera is essential for designing vaccines that can effectively block the transmission of HIV-1. We previously showed that a vaccine consisting of bacterium-like particles (BLPs) displaying Protan-gp120AE-MTQ (PAM) could induce mucosal immune responses through intranasal (IN) immunization in mice and NAbs through intramuscular (IM) immunization in guinea pigs. Here, we evaluated the ability of this vaccine BLP-PAM to elicit HIV-1-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses through IN and IM immunization combination strategies in rhesus macaques. First, the morphology, antigenicity and epitope accessibility of the vaccine were analysed by transmission electron microscopy, bio-layer interferometry and ELISA. In BLP-PAM-immunized macaques, HIV-1-specific sIgA were rapidly induced through IN immunization in situ and distant mucosal sites, although the immune responses are relatively weak. Furthermore, the HIV-1-specific IgG and IgA antibody levels in mucosal secretions were enhanced and maintained, while production of serum NAbs against heterologous HIV-1 tier 1 and 2 pseudoviruses was elicited after IM boost. Additionally, situ mucosal responses and systemic T cell immune responses were improved by rAd2-gp120AE boost immunization via the IN and IM routes. These results suggested that BLP-based delivery in combination with the IN and IM immunization approach represents a potential vaccine strategy against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jinpeng Bi
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yizi He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fangshen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Rongzhen Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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19
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Timofeeva A, Sedykh S, Nevinsky G. Post-Immune Antibodies in HIV-1 Infection in the Context of Vaccine Development: A Variety of Biological Functions and Catalytic Activities. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030384. [PMID: 35335016 PMCID: PMC8955465 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike many other viruses, HIV-1 is highly variable. The structure of the viral envelope changes as the infection progresses and is one of the biggest obstacles in developing an HIV-1 vaccine. HIV-1 infection can cause the production of various natural autoantibodies, including catalytic antibodies hydrolyzing DNA, myelin basic protein, histones, HIV-integrase, HIV-reverse transcriptase, β-casein, serum albumin, and some other natural substrates. Currently, there are various directions for the development of HIV-1 vaccines: stimulation of the immune response on the mucous membranes; induction of cytotoxic T cells, which lyse infected cells and hold back HIV-infection; immunization with recombinant Env proteins or vectors encoding Env; mRNA-based vaccines and some others. However, despite many attempts to develop an HIV-1 vaccine, none have been successful. Here we review the entire spectrum of antibodies found in HIV-infected patients, including neutralizing antibodies specific to various viral epitopes, as well as antibodies formed against various autoantigens, catalytic antibodies against autoantigens, and some viral proteins. We consider various promising targets for developing a vaccine that will not produce unwanted antibodies in vaccinated patients. In addition, we review common problems in the development of a vaccine against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Timofeeva
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.); (G.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-91-32-027-154
| | - Sergey Sedykh
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.); (G.N.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy Nevinsky
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.); (G.N.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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20
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Sahoo A, Hodge EA, LaBranche CC, Styles TM, Shen X, Cheedarla N, Shiferaw A, Ozorowski G, Lee WH, Ward AB, Tomaras GD, Montefiori DC, Irvine DJ, Lee KK, Amara RR. Structure-guided changes at the V2 apex of HIV-1 clade C trimer enhance elicitation of autologous neutralizing and broad V1V2-scaffold antibodies. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110436. [PMID: 35235790 PMCID: PMC8982139 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 clade C envelope immunogens that elicit both neutralizing and non-neutralizing V1V2-scaffold-specific antibodies (protective correlates from RV144 human trial) are urgently needed due to the prevalence of this clade in the most impacted regions worldwide. To achieve this, we introduce structure-guided changes followed by consensus-C-sequence-guided optimizations at the V2 region to generate UFO-v2-RQH173 trimer. This improves the abundance of well-formed trimers. Following the immunization of rabbits, the wild-type protein fails to elicit any autologous neutralizing antibodies, but UFO-v2-RQH173 elicits both autologous neutralizing and broad V1V2-scaffold antibodies. The variant with a 173Y modification in the V2 region, most prevalent among HIV-1 sequences, shows decreased ability in displaying a native-like V1V2 epitope with time in vitro and elicited antibodies with lower neutralizing and higher V1V2-scaffold activities. Our results identify a stabilized clade C trimer capable of eliciting improved neutralizing and V1V2-scaffold antibodies and reveal the importance of the V2 region in tuning this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusmita Sahoo
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Edgar A Hodge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Celia C LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical School, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tiffany M Styles
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical School, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Narayanaiah Cheedarla
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ayalnesh Shiferaw
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical School, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical School, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kelly K Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rama Rao Amara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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21
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Hernandez JL, Park J, Hughes SM, Hladik F, Woodrow KA. Characterization of Immune Cells in Oral Tissues of Non-human Primates. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:821812. [PMID: 35224539 PMCID: PMC8873106 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.821812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral mucosa contains distinct tissue sites with immune niches capable of either immunogenic or tolerogenic responses. However, immune cell compositions within oral mucosal tissues at homeostasis have not been well-characterized in human relevant tissues. Non-human primates (NHP) are a major model for the human immune system and oral anatomy, and therefore improved understanding of NHP oral immune cell populations can provide important insights for studying disease pathologies and developing therapies. Herein, we characterize immune cell types of three sites within the oral cavity (buccal, sublingual, lingual tonsil) sampled by biopsy and cytobrush in pigtail macaques. Tonsil biopsies had more T-cells, dendritic cells (DCs), DC subtypes, and CD4+ T-cells than buccal or sublingual biopsies when normalized by tissue mass. Biopsy proved to collect more immune cells than cytobrushes, however frequencies of CD45+ subpopulations were comparable between methods. Live cells isolated from biopsied tonsils had greater CD45+ leukocyte frequencies (mean 31.6 ± SD 20.4%) than buccal (13.8 ± 4.6%) or sublingual (10.0 ± 5.1%) tissues. T-cells composed more than half of the CD45+ population in sublingual tissue (60.1 ± 9.6%) and the tonsil (54.6 ± 7.5%), but only 31.9 ± 7.2% in buccal samples. CD20+ B-cells composed a greater percentage of CD45+ leukocytes in the tonsil (12.8 ± 9.1%) than buccal (1.2 ± 1.0%) or sublingual tissues (0.8 ± 1.2%). Immune population comparisons are also made between sex and age. These results present an important step for understanding the oral immune environment, oral disease, and site-specific therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Hernandez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jaehyung Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sean M. Hughes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Florian Hladik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kim A. Woodrow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kim A. Woodrow
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22
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Soares DCF, Poletto F, Eberhardt MJ, Domingues SC, De Sousa FB, Tebaldi ML. Polymer-hybrid nanosystems for antiviral applications: Current advances. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112249. [PMID: 34972632 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of many new viruses in recent times has resulted in a significant scientific challenge for discovering drugs and vaccines that effectively treat and prevent viral diseases. Nanotechnology has opened doors to prevent the spread of several diseases, including those caused by viruses. Polymer-hybrid nanodevices are a class of nanotechnology platforms for biomedical applications that present synergistic properties among their components, with improved performance compared to conventional forms of therapy. Considering the growing interest in this emerging field and the promising technological advantages of polymer-hybrid nanodevices, this work presents the current status of these systems in the context of prevention and treatment of viral diseases. A brief description of the different types of polymer-hybrid nanodevices highlighting some peculiar characteristics such as their composition, biodistribution, delivery of antigens, and overall immune responses in systemic tissues are discussed. Finally, the work presents the future trends for new nanotechnological hybrid materials based on polymers and perspectives for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Poletto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo J Eberhardt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Calazans Domingues
- Laboratório de Bioengenharia - Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI) - Campus Itabira, Itabira, MG 35903-087, Brazil
| | - Frederico B De Sousa
- Laboratório de Sistemas Poliméricos e Supramoleculares (LSPS) - Instituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI), Itajubá, MG 37500-903, Brazil
| | - Marli Luiza Tebaldi
- Laboratório de Bioengenharia - Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI) - Campus Itabira, Itabira, MG 35903-087, Brazil
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23
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Orally Administrated Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Displaying ROP4 Induces Protection against Toxoplasma gondii Challenge Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020152. [PMID: 35214611 PMCID: PMC8878533 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVVs) are attenuated viruses and are widely utilized as vectored vaccine platforms against numerous diseases. However, the protective efficacy of these rVV vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii and the resulting mucosal immunity has not been thoroughly assessed. Here, rVVs expressing the rhoptry protein 4 (ROP4) of T. gondii were generated. To evaluate the protection induced by the vaccines, mice were orally immunized with the ROP4-rVVs and subsequently challenge-infected with a lethal dose of T. gondii ME49 strain. Immunization with the rVVs induced higher levels of parasite-specific IgG and IgA antibody responses in sera compared to unimmunized control (NC). Upon challenge infection, significantly higher levels of IgG or IgA antibody responses in the brain, intestines, and vaginal samples were found in the immunized mice compared to NC. The ROP4-rVV vaccination elicited potent IgG and IgA secreting cell (ASC) responses, while substantially enhancing germinal center B cell, as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses from lymphoid organs. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-6 in the brains was markedly diminished following immunization. The immunized mice also experienced reduced bodyweight loss and possessed fewer brain cysts than the control group. These results suggest that oral delivery of ROP4 displaying rVVs induced mucosal and systemic immunities that contributed to protection against lethal T. gondii challenge infection.
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24
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Zhang X, Bu X, Jia W, Ying Y, Lv S, Jiang G. Near-Infrared Light-Activated Oxygen Generator a Multidynamic Photo-Nanoplatform for Effective Anti-Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5761-5777. [PMID: 36466785 PMCID: PMC9717597 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s378321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nanophototherapy has emerged as a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment; however, its efficacy in dermatological tumors and precancerous lesions remains severely limited. This study aimed to use the gas-liquid injection technique to fully utilize the synergistic photodynamic therapy (PDT)/photothermal therapy (PTT) of nanomaterials to enhance the antitumor effect. Methods A novel oxygen-generating nanocomposite (TSL-IR820-CAT) was synthesized by encapsulating the photosensitizer IR820 and catalase (CAT) using a matrix encapsulation method based on thermosensitive liposomes (TSL).-The liquid injection technology enhances the treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The combined PDT/PTT therapeutic effect of TSL-IR820-CAT on cSCC was investigated using in vivo and in vitro experiments. Results TSL-IR820-CAT, with good stability, efficient drug release, and photothermal conversion ability, was successfully developed. Nanoparticles injected through a needle-free syringe efficiently accumulate in the tumor tissue. As TSL-IR820-CAT was consumed by A431 cells, some of it localized to the mitochondria and produced oxygen to relieve hypoxia, thereby enhancing the efficacy of PDT. PDT/PTT combination therapy resulted in irreversible apoptosis and inhibited cSCC growth. TSL-IR820-CAT coupled with gas-liquid injection was free from apparent systemic side effects. Conclusion This article discusses new strategies and ideas for treating skin tumors and has significant application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbo Bu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Jia
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ying
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanrong Lv
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
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25
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Jain S, Venkataraman A, Wechsler ME, Peppas NA. Messenger RNA-based vaccines: Past, present, and future directions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114000. [PMID: 34637846 PMCID: PMC8502079 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have received major attention in the fight against COVID-19. Formulations from companies such as Moderna and BioNTech/Pfizer have allowed us to slowly ease the social distancing measures, mask requirements, and lockdowns that have been prevalent since early 2020. This past year's focused work on mRNA vaccines has catapulted this technology to the forefront of public awareness and additional research pursuits, thus leading to new potential for bionanotechnology principles to help drive further innovation using mRNA. In addition to alleviating the burden of COVID-19, mRNA vaccines could potentially provide long-term solutions all over the world for diseases ranging from influenza to AIDS. Herein, we provide a brief commentary based on the history and development of mRNA vaccines in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we address current research using the technology and future directions of mRNA vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samagra Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Abhijeet Venkataraman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Marissa E. Wechsler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Peppas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,Corresponding author
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26
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A recombinant measles virus vaccine strongly reduces SHIV viremia and virus reservoir establishment in macaques. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:123. [PMID: 34686669 PMCID: PMC8536681 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Replicative vectors derived from live-attenuated measles virus (MV) carrying additional non-measles vaccine antigens have long demonstrated safety and immunogenicity in humans despite pre-existing immunity to measles. Here, we report the vaccination of cynomolgus macaques with MV replicative vectors expressing simian-human immunodeficiency virus Gag, Env, and Nef antigens (MV-SHIV Wt) either wild type or mutated in the immunosuppressive (IS) domains of Nef and Env antigens (MV-SHIV Mt). We found that the inactivation of Nef and Env IS domains by targeted mutations led to the induction of significantly enhanced post-prime cellular immune responses. After repeated challenges with low doses of SHIV-SF162p3, vaccinees were protected against high viremia, resulting in a 2-Log reduction in peak viremia, accelerated viral clearance, and a decrease -even complete protection for nearly half of the monkeys- in reservoir cell infection. This study demonstrates the potential of a replicative viral vector derived from the safe and widely used measles vaccine in the development of a future human vaccine against HIV-1.
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27
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Alotaibi BS, Buabeid M, Ibrahim NA, Kharaba ZJ, Ijaz M, Murtaza G. Recent strategies driving oral biologic administration. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1587-1601. [PMID: 34612121 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1990044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High patient compliance, noninvasiveness, and self-administration are the leading features of vaccine delivery through the oral route. The implementation of swift mass vaccination campaigns in pandemic outbreaks fascinates the use of oral vaccination. This approach can elicit both mucosal and systemic immune responses to protect against infection at the surface of the mucosa. AREA COVERED As pathogen entry and spread mainly occurs through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) mucosal surfaces, oral vaccination may protect and limit disease spread. Oral vaccines target various potential mucosal inductive sites in the GIT, such as the oral cavity, gastric area, and small intestine. Orally delivered vaccines having subunit and nucleic acid pass through various GIT-associated risks, such as the biodegradation of biologics and their reduced absorption. This article presents a summarized review of the existing technologies and prospects for oral vaccination. EXPERT OPINION The intestinal mucosa focuses on current approaches, while future strategies target new mucosal sites, i.e. oral cavity and stomach. Recent developments in biologic delivery through the oral route and their potential use in future oral vaccination are mainly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah Shadid Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Buabeid
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, UAE.,Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nihal Abdalla Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, UAE.,Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zelal Jaber Kharaba
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munazza Ijaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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28
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent work defining Fc-mediated effector functions for both viral control and protection against infection is summarized and considered along with new strategies to drive robust Fc-mediated responses. RECENT FINDINGS In new human and nonhuman primate (NHP) vaccine trials as well as studies of natural infection, Fc-mediated effector responses have sometimes been observed to correlate with decreased risk of infection or with better clinical outcomes, suggesting a potential role for these responses in HIV-1 prevention and therapy. Recent highlights include use of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-sensitizing CD4-induced mimetic compounds, novel V1V2 immunogens, passive transfer studies, and vaccine regimens that successfully elicited Fc-mediated responses and were reported to decrease risk of infection in challenge studies in NHPs. Lastly, detailed studies of IgG3 forms of HIV-specific antibodies have reported that both neutralizing and Fc-mediated responses can be increased relative to the more prevalent IgG1 subclass. SUMMARY Successful harmonization of neutralizing and Fc-mediated responses may make key contributions to the goal of reducing HIV-1 infection via active and passive vaccination. New studies continue to highlight the importance of Fc-mediated antibody responses as correlates of decreased risk of infection and suggest enhanced phagocytosis is a potential mechanism of reduced risk of infection associated with human IgG3 responses. Results from recent studies may help guide the rational design of therapies and vaccines that aim to specifically leverage antibody effector function.
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29
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Malladi S, Patel UR, Rajmani RS, Singh R, Pandey S, Kumar S, Khaleeq S, van Vuren PJ, Riddell S, Goldie S, Gayathri S, Chakraborty D, Kalita P, Pramanick I, Agarwal N, Reddy P, Girish N, Upadhyaya A, Khan MS, Kanjo K, Bhat M, Mani S, Bhattacharyya S, Siddiqui S, Tyagi A, Jha S, Pandey R, Tripathi S, Dutta S, McAuley AJ, Singanallur N, Vasan SS, Ringe RP, Varadarajan R. Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of a Highly Thermotolerant, Trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Derivative. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2546-2564. [PMID: 34260218 PMCID: PMC8996237 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. We designed a trimeric, highly thermotolerant glycan engineered RBD by fusion to a heterologous, poorly immunogenic disulfide linked trimerization domain derived from cartilage matrix protein. The protein expressed at a yield of ∼80-100 mg/L in transiently transfected Expi293 cells, as well as CHO and HEK293 stable cell lines and formed homogeneous disulfide-linked trimers. When lyophilized, these possessed remarkable functional stability to transient thermal stress of up to 100 °C and were stable to long-term storage of over 4 weeks at 37 °C unlike an alternative RBD-trimer with a different trimerization domain. Two intramuscular immunizations with a human-compatible SWE adjuvanted formulation elicited antibodies with pseudoviral neutralizing titers in guinea pigs and mice that were 25-250 fold higher than corresponding values in human convalescent sera. Against the beta (B.1.351) variant of concern (VOC), pseudoviral neutralization titers for RBD trimer were ∼3-fold lower than against wildtype B.1 virus. RBD was also displayed on a designed ferritin-like Msdps2 nanoparticle. This showed decreased yield and immunogenicity relative to trimeric RBD. Replicative virus neutralization assays using mouse sera demonstrated that antibodies induced by the trimers neutralized all four VOC to date, namely B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, and B.1.617.2 without significant differences. Trimeric RBD immunized hamsters were protected from viral challenge. The excellent immunogenicity, thermotolerance, and high yield of these immunogens suggest that they are a promising modality to combat COVID-19, including all SARS-CoV-2 VOC to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer
Kumar Malladi
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute
of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Unnatiben Rajeshbhai Patel
- Mynvax
Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Raju S. Rajmani
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute
of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Randhir Singh
- Mynvax
Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Suman Pandey
- Mynvax
Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Sahil Kumar
- Virology
Unit, Institute of Microbial Technology,
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Sara Khaleeq
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute
of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Petrus Jansen van Vuren
- Australian
Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong 3220, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shane Riddell
- Australian
Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong 3220, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Goldie
- Australian
Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong 3220, Victoria, Australia
| | - Savitha Gayathri
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute
of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Debajyoti Chakraborty
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute
of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Parismita Kalita
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute
of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Ishika Pramanick
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute
of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Nupur Agarwal
- Mynvax
Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Poorvi Reddy
- Mynvax
Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Nidhi Girish
- Mynvax
Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Aditya Upadhyaya
- Mynvax
Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Mohammad Suhail Khan
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute
of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Kawkab Kanjo
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute
of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Madhuraj Bhat
- Mynvax
Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Shailendra Mani
- Translational
Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Third Milestone, Gurugram-Faridabad
Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Sankar Bhattacharyya
- Translational
Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Third Milestone, Gurugram-Faridabad
Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Samreen Siddiqui
- Max Super
Speciality Hospital (A Unit of Devki Devi Foundation), Max Healthcare, Delhi 1100017, India
| | - Akansha Tyagi
- Max Super
Speciality Hospital (A Unit of Devki Devi Foundation), Max Healthcare, Delhi 1100017, India
| | - Sujeet Jha
- Max Super
Speciality Hospital (A Unit of Devki Devi Foundation), Max Healthcare, Delhi 1100017, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- Integrative
Genomics of Host-Pathogen (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Shashank Tripathi
- Department
of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian
Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
- Centre
for Infectious Disease Research, Indian
Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Somnath Dutta
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute
of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Alexander J. McAuley
- Australian
Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong 3220, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nagendrakumar
Balasubramanian Singanallur
- Australian
Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong 3220, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seshadri S. Vasan
- Australian
Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong 3220, Victoria, Australia
- Department
of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh P. Ringe
- Virology
Unit, Institute of Microbial Technology,
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Raghavan Varadarajan
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute
of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
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30
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Abstract
Mucosal vaccines offer the potential to trigger robust protective immune responses at the predominant sites of pathogen infection. In principle, the induction of adaptive immunity at mucosal sites, involving secretory antibody responses and tissue-resident T cells, has the capacity to prevent an infection from becoming established in the first place, rather than only curtailing infection and protecting against the development of disease symptoms. Although numerous effective mucosal vaccines are in use, the major advances seen with injectable vaccines (including adjuvanted subunit antigens, RNA and DNA vaccines) have not yet been translated into licensed mucosal vaccines, which currently comprise solely live attenuated and inactivated whole-cell preparations. The identification of safe and effective mucosal adjuvants allied to innovative antigen discovery and delivery strategies is key to advancing mucosal vaccines. Significant progress has been made in resolving the mechanisms that regulate innate and adaptive mucosal immunity and in understanding the crosstalk between mucosal sites, and this provides valuable pointers to inform mucosal adjuvant design. In particular, increased knowledge on mucosal antigen-presenting cells, innate lymphoid cell populations and resident memory cells at mucosal sites highlights attractive targets for vaccine design. Exploiting these insights will allow new vaccine technologies to be leveraged to facilitate rational mucosal vaccine design for pathogens including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and for cancer.
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31
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Monge C, Verrier B. Sublingual antigen delivery: a solution for needle-free HIV vaccination. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1047-1050. [PMID: 34225546 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1951249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Monge
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305 CNRS/UCBL, Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305 CNRS/UCBL, Lyon, France
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32
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Velarde de la Cruz E, Wang L, Bose D, Gangadhara S, Wilson RL, Amara RR, Kozlowski PA, Aldovini A. Oral Vaccination Approaches for Anti-SHIV Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702705. [PMID: 34234789 PMCID: PMC8256843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We modified a Sabin Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) vector to permit secretion of the antigens of interest with the goal of improving anti-HIV Env humoral responses in a SHIV mucosal immunization composed of DNA and recombinant OPVs. We evaluated stimulation of systemic and mucosal cell-mediated and humoral immunity in Rhesus macaques by two regimens, both involving a prime with a SHIVBG505 DNA construct producing non-infectious particles formulated in lipid nanoparticles, administered in the oral cavity, and two different viral vector boostings, administered in the oral cavity and intestinally. Group 1 was boosted with rMVA-SHIVBG505, expressing SIV Gag/Pol and HIVBG505 Env. Group 2 was boosted with a SHIVBG505-OPV vaccine including a non-secreting SIVmac239CA-p6-OPV, expressing Gag CA, NC and p6 proteins, and a HIVBG505C1-V2-OPV, secreting the C1-V2 fragment of HIV EnvBG505, recognized by the broadly neutralizing antibody PG16. A time course analysis of anti-SHIV Gag and Env CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in PBMC and in lymph node, rectal, and vaginal MNC was carried out. Both regimens stimulated significant cell-mediated responses in all compartments, with SHIVBG505-OPV immunization stimulating more significant levels of responses than rMVA- SHIVBG505. Boolean analysis of these responses revealed predominantly monofunctional responses with multifunctional responses also present in all tissues. Stimulation of antibody responses was disappointing in both groups with negative anti-SHIV IgG in plasma, and IgA in salivary, rectal and vaginal secretions being restricted to a few animals. After repeated rectal challenge with SHIVBG505, two Group 1 animals remained uninfected at challenge termination. No significant differences were observed in post-infection viral loads between groups. After the acute phase decline, CD4+ T cell percentages returned to normal levels in vaccinated as well as control animals. However, when compared to controls, vaccinate groups had more significant preservation of PBMC and rectal MNC Th17/Treg ratios, considered the strongest surrogate marker of progression to AIDS. We conclude that the vaccine platforms used in this study are insufficient to stimulate significant humoral immunity at the tested doses and schedule but sufficient to stimulate significant mucosal and systemic cell-mediated immunity, impacting the preservation of key Th17 CD4+ T cells in blood and rectal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erandi Velarde de la Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Deepanwita Bose
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sailaja Gangadhara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Robert L. Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Rama R. Amara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pamela A. Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Anna Aldovini
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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33
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Stone AE, Scheuermann SE, Haile CN, Cuny GD, Velasquez ML, Linhuber JP, Duddupudi AL, Vigliaturo JR, Pravetoni M, Kosten TA, Kosten TR, Norton EB. Fentanyl conjugate vaccine by injected or mucosal delivery with dmLT or LTA1 adjuvants implicates IgA in protection from drug challenge. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:69. [PMID: 33986280 PMCID: PMC8119695 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fentanyl is a major contributor to the devastating increase in overdose deaths from substance use disorders (SUD). A vaccine targeting fentanyl could be a powerful immunotherapeutic. Here, we evaluated adjuvant and delivery strategies for conjugate antigen vaccination with fentanyl-based haptens. We tested adjuvants derived from the heat-labile toxin of E. coli including dmLT and LTA1 by intramuscular, sublingual or intranasal delivery. Our results show anti-fentanyl serum antibodies and antibody secreting cells in the bone-marrow after vaccination with highest levels observed with an adjuvant (alum, dmLT, or LTA1). Vaccine adjuvanted with LTA1 or dmLT elicited the highest levels of anti-fentanyl antibodies, whereas alum achieved highest levels against the carrier protein. Vaccination with sublingual dmLT or intranasal LTA1 provided the most robust blockade of fentanyl-induced analgesia and CNS penetration correlating strongly to anti-FEN IgA. In conclusion, this study demonstrates dmLT or LTA1 adjuvant as well as mucosal delivery may be attractive strategies for improving the efficacy of vaccines against SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison E Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah E Scheuermann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Colin N Haile
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Institute of Measurement Evaluation and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gregory D Cuny
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marcela Lopez Velasquez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Joshua P Linhuber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Anantha L Duddupudi
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer R Vigliaturo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marco Pravetoni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Therese A Kosten
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Institute of Measurement Evaluation and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas R Kosten
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Institute of Measurement Evaluation and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Krizek J, Lavickova B, Moser C. Degradation study on molecules released from laser-based jet injector. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120664. [PMID: 33933639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Development of needle-free methods to administer injectable therapeutics has been researched for a few decades. We focused our attention on a laser-based jet injection technique where the liquid-jet actuation mechanism is based on optical cavitation. This study investigates the potential damage to therapeutic molecules which are exposed to nanosecond laser pulses in the configuration of a compact laser-based jet injection device. Implementation of a pulsed laser source at 1574 nm wavelength allowed us to generate jets from pure water solutions and circumvent the need to reformulate therapeutics with absorbing dyes. We performed H1-NMR analysis on exposed samples of Lidocaine and δ-Aminolevulinic acid. We made several tests with linear and plasmid DNA to assess the structural integrity and functional potency after ejection with our device. The tests showed no significant degradation or detectable side products, which is promising for further development and eventually clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Krizek
- School of Engineering, Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Barbora Lavickova
- School of Engineering, Laboratory of Biological Network Characterisation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Moser
- School of Engineering, Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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35
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Wang R, Bian Q, Xu Y, Xu D, Gao J. Recent advances in mechanical force-assisted transdermal delivery of macromolecular drugs. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120598. [PMID: 33862129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The transdermal delivery of macromolecular drugs has become one of the focused topics in pharmaceutical research since it enables highly specific and effective delivery, while avoiding the pain and needle phobia associated with injection, or incidences like drug degradation and low bioavailability of oral administration. However, the passive absorption of macromolecular drugs via skin is highly restricted by the stratum corneum owing to high molecular weight. Therefore, various strategies have been extensively developed and conducted to facilitate the transdermal delivery of macromolecular drugs, among which, mechanical force-assisted techniques occupy dominant positions. Such techniques include ultrasound, needle-free jet injection, temporary pressure and microneedles. In this review, we focus on recent transdermal enhancing strategies utilizing mechanical force, and summarize their mechanisms, advantages, limitations and clinical applications respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxuan Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiong Bian
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yihua Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donghang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for New-type External and Transdermal Preparations, Changzhou 213149, China.
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36
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Sublingual vaccination and delivery systems. J Control Release 2021; 332:553-562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ratnapriya S, Perez-Greene E, Schifanella L, Herschhorn A. Adjuvant-mediated enhancement of the immune response to HIV vaccines. FEBS J 2021; 289:3317-3334. [PMID: 33705608 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protection from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition will likely require an effective vaccine that elicits antibodies against the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs), which are the sole target of neutralizing antibodies and a main focus of vaccine development. Adjuvants have been widely used to augment the magnitude and longevity of the adaptive immune responses to immunizations with HIV-1 Envs and to guide the development of specific immune responses. Here, we review the adjuvants that have been used in combination with HIV-1 Envs in several preclinical and human clinical trials in recent years. We summarize the interactions between the HIV-1 Envs and adjuvants, and highlight the routes of vaccine administration for various formulations. We then discuss the use of combinations of different adjuvants, the potential effect of adjuvants on the elicitation of antibodies enriched in somatic hypermutation and containing long complementarity-determining region 3 of the antibody heavy chain, and the elicitation of non-neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ratnapriya
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eva Perez-Greene
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Outcomes and Precision Medicine Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alon Herschhorn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,The College of Veterinary Medicine Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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38
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Kasturi SP, Rasheed MAU, Havenar-Daughton C, Pham M, Legere T, Sher ZJ, Kovalenkov Y, Gumber S, Huang JY, Gottardo R, Fulp W, Sato A, Sawant S, Stanfield-Oakley S, Yates N, LaBranche C, Alam SM, Tomaras G, Ferrari G, Montefiori D, Wrammert J, Villinger F, Tomai M, Vasilakos J, Fox CB, Reed SG, Haynes BF, Crotty S, Ahmed R, Pulendran B. 3M-052, a synthetic TLR-7/8 agonist, induces durable HIV-1 envelope-specific plasma cells and humoral immunity in nonhuman primates. Sci Immunol 2021; 5:5/48/eabb1025. [PMID: 32561559 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abb1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental challenge in vaccinology is learning how to induce durable antibody responses. Live viral vaccines induce antibody responses that last a lifetime, but those induced with subunit vaccines wane rapidly. Studies in mice and humans have established that long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) in the bone marrow (BM) are critical mediators of durable antibody responses. Here, we present data that adjuvanting an HIV-1 clade C 1086.C-derived gp140 immunogen (Env) with a novel synthetic Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7/8 agonist named 3M-052 formulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid or PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) or with alum, either alone or in combination with a TLR-4 agonist GLA, induces notably high and persistent (up to ~1 year) frequencies of Env-specific LLPCs in the BM and serum antibody responses in rhesus macaques. Up to 36 and 18% of Env-specific cells among total IgG-secreting BM-resident plasma cells were detected at peak and termination, respectively. In contrast, adjuvanting Env with alum or GLA in NP induced significantly lower (~<100-fold) LLPC and antibody responses. Immune responses induced by 3M-052 were also significantly higher than those induced by a combination of TLR-7/8 (R848) and TLR-4 (MPL) agonists. Adjuvanting Env with 3M-052 also induced robust activation of blood monocytes, strong plasmablast responses in blood, germinal center B cells, T follicular helper (TFH) cells, and persistent Env-specific plasma cells in draining lymph nodes. Overall, these results demonstrate efficacy of 3M-052 in promoting high magnitude and durability of antibody responses via robust stimulation of innate immunity and BM-resident LLPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Pai Kasturi
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mohammed Ata Ur Rasheed
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Division of Microbiology and Immunology and Rollins Research Center, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Mathew Pham
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Traci Legere
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zarpheen Jinnah Sher
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yevgeny Kovalenkov
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica Y Huang
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William Fulp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alicia Sato
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sheetal Sawant
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Department of Immunology, Duke University, NC, USA
| | - Sherry Stanfield-Oakley
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nicole Yates
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Department of Immunology, Duke University, NC, USA
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - S Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Georgia Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Department of Immunology, Duke University, NC, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Department of Immunology, Duke University, NC, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.,New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Mark Tomai
- 3M Drug Delivery Systems, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Christopher B Fox
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,HDT Bio, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute of Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Division of Microbiology and Immunology and Rollins Research Center, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Departments of Pathology and Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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39
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Bruxelle JF, Trattnig N, Mureithi MW, Landais E, Pantophlet R. HIV-1 Entry and Prospects for Protecting against Infection. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020228. [PMID: 33499233 PMCID: PMC7911371 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) establishes a latent viral reservoir soon after infection, which poses a major challenge for drug treatment and curative strategies. Many efforts are therefore focused on blocking infection. To this end, both viral and host factors relevant to the onset of infection need to be considered. Given that HIV-1 is most often transmitted mucosally, strategies designed to protect against infection need to be effective at mucosal portals of entry. These strategies need to contend also with cell-free and cell-associated transmitted/founder (T/F) virus forms; both can initiate and establish infection. This review will discuss how insight from the current model of HIV-1 mucosal transmission and cell entry has highlighted challenges in developing effective strategies to prevent infection. First, we examine key viral and host factors that play a role in transmission and infection. We then discuss preventive strategies based on antibody-mediated protection, with emphasis on targeting T/F viruses and mucosal immunity. Lastly, we review treatment strategies targeting viral entry, with focus on the most clinically advanced entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Bruxelle
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.-F.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Nino Trattnig
- Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Marianne W. Mureithi
- KAVI—Institute of Clinical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box, Nairobi 19676–00202, Kenya;
| | - Elise Landais
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.-F.B.); (R.P.)
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Y Wu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
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41
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Coffey JW, Gaiha GD, Traverso G. Oral Biologic Delivery: Advances Toward Oral Subunit, DNA, and mRNA Vaccines and the Potential for Mass Vaccination During Pandemics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 61:517-540. [PMID: 32466690 PMCID: PMC8057107 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030320-092348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral vaccination enables pain-free and self-administrable vaccine delivery for rapid mass vaccination during pandemic outbreaks. Furthermore, it elicits systemic and mucosal immune responses. This protects against infection at mucosal surfaces, which may further enhance protection and minimize the spread of disease. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract presents a number of prospective mucosal inductive sites for vaccine targeting, including the oral cavity, stomach, and small intestine. However, currently available oral vaccines are effectively limited to live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines against enteric diseases. The GI tract poses a number of challenges,including degradative processes that digest biologics and mucosal barriers that limit their absorption. This review summarizes the approaches currently under development and future opportunities for oral vaccine delivery to established (intestinal) and relatively new (oral cavity, stomach) mucosal targets. Special consideration is given to recent advances in oral biologic delivery that offer promise as future platforms for the administration of oral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob William Coffey
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Gaurav Das Gaiha
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
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42
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Liu R, Americo JL, Cotter CA, Earl PL, Erez N, Peng C, Moss B. MVA Vector Vaccines Inhibit SARS CoV-2 Replication in Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts of Transgenic Mice and Prevent Lethal Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2020.12.30.424878. [PMID: 33442693 PMCID: PMC7805450 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.30.424878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Replication-restricted modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a licensed smallpox vaccine and numerous clinical studies investigating recombinant MVAs (rMVAs) as vectors for prevention of other infectious diseases have been completed or are in progress. Two rMVA COVID-19 vaccine trials are at an initial stage, though no animal protection studies have been reported. Here, we characterize rMVAs expressing the S protein of CoV-2. Modifications of full length S individually or in combination included two proline substitutions, mutations of the furin recognition site and deletion of the endoplasmic retrieval signal. Another rMVA in which the receptor binding domain (RBD) flanked by the signal peptide and transmembrane domains of S was also constructed. Each modified S protein was displayed on the surface of rMVA-infected human cells and was recognized by anti-RBD antibody and by soluble hACE2 receptor. Intramuscular injection of mice with the rMVAs induced S-binding and pseudovirus-neutralizing antibodies. Boosting occurred following a second homologous rMVA but was higher with adjuvanted purified RBD protein. Weight loss and lethality following intranasal infection of transgenic hACE2 mice with CoV-2 was prevented by one or two immunizations with rMVAs or by passive transfer of serum from vaccinated mice. One or two rMVA vaccinations also prevented recovery of infectious CoV-2 from the lungs. A low amount of virus was detected in the nasal turbinates of only one of eight rMVA-vaccinated mice on day 2 and none later. Detection of subgenomic mRNA in turbinates on day 2 only indicated that replication was abortive in immunized animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine A. Cotter
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Patricia L. Earl
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | | | | | - Bernard Moss
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892 USA
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43
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Chaudhary O, Wang L, Bose D, Narayan V, Yeh MT, Carville A, Clements JD, Andino R, Kozlowski PA, Aldovini A. Comparative Evaluation of Prophylactic SIV Vaccination Modalities Administered to the Oral Cavity. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2020; 36:984-997. [PMID: 32962398 PMCID: PMC7703093 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Attempts to develop a protective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine have had limited success, especially in terms of inducing protective antibodies capable of neutralizing different viral strains. As HIV transmission occurs mainly via mucosal surfaces, HIV replicates significantly in the gastrointestinal tract, and the oral route of vaccination is a very convenient one to implement worldwide, we explored three SIV vaccine modalities administered orally and composed of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) DNA priming with different boosting immunogens, with the goal of evaluating whether they could provide lasting humoral and cellular responses, including at mucosal surfaces that are sites of HIV entry. Twenty-four Cynomolgus macaques (CyM) were primed with replication-incompetent SIV DNA provirus and divided into three groups for the following booster vaccinations, all administered in the oral cavity: Group 1 with recombinant SIV gp140 and Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin adjuvant dmLT, Group 2 with recombinant SIV-Oral Poliovirus (SIV-OPV), and Group 3 with recombinant SIV-modified vaccinia ankara (SIV-MVA). Cell-mediated responses were measured using blood, lymph node, rectal and vaginal mononuclear cells. Significant levels of systemic and mucosal T-cell responses against Gag and Env were observed in all groups. Some SIV-specific plasma IgG, rectal and salivary IgA antibodies were generated, mainly in animals that received SIV DNA + SIV-MVA, but no vaginal IgA was detected. Susceptibility to infection after SIVmac251 challenge was similar in vaccinated and nonvaccinated animals, but acute infection viremia levels were lower in the group that received SIV DNA + SIV-MVA. Nonvaccinated CyM maintained central memory and total CD4+ T-cell levels in the normal range during the 5 months of postinfection follow-up as did the vaccinated animals, precluding evaluation of vaccine impact on disease progression. We conclude that the oral cavity vaccination tested in these regimens can stimulate cell-mediated immunity systemically and mucosally, but humoral response stimulation was limited with the doses and the vaccine platforms used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar Chaudhary
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deepanwita Bose
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vivek Narayan
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ming Te Yeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - John D. Clements
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Raul Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pamela A. Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Anna Aldovini
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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44
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A facile method of mapping HIV-1 neutralizing epitopes using chemically masked cysteines and deep sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:29584-29594. [PMID: 33168755 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010256117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of specific epitopes targeted by neutralizing antibodies is essential to advance epitope-based vaccine design strategies. We report a facile methodology for rapid epitope mapping of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against HIV-1 Envelope (Env) at single-residue resolution, using Cys labeling, viral neutralization assays, and deep sequencing. This was achieved by the generation of a library of Cys mutations in Env glycoprotein on the viral surface, covalent labeling of the Cys residues using a Cys-reactive label that masks epitope residues, followed by infection of the labeled mutant virions in mammalian cells in the presence of NAbs. Env gene sequencing from NAb-resistant viruses was used to accurately delineate epitopes for the NAbs VRC01, PGT128, and PGT151. These agreed well with corresponding experimentally determined structural epitopes previously inferred from NAb:Env structures. HIV-1 infection is associated with complex and polyclonal antibody responses, typically composed of multiple antibody specificities. Deconvoluting the epitope specificities in a polyclonal response is a challenging task. We therefore extended our methodology to map multiple specificities of epitopes targeted in polyclonal sera, elicited in immunized animals as well as in an HIV-1-infected elite neutralizer capable of neutralizing tier 3 pseudoviruses with high titers. The method can be readily extended to other viruses for which convenient reverse genetics or lentiviral surface display systems are available.
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45
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Probing the Structure of the HIV-1 Envelope Trimer Using Aspartate Scanning Mutagenesis. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01426-20. [PMID: 32817217 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01426-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein gp160 exists as a trimer of heterodimers on the viral surface. In most structures of the soluble ectodomain of trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, the regions from 512 to 517 of the fusion peptide and from 547 to 568 of the N-heptad repeat are disordered. We used aspartate scanning mutagenesis of subtype B strain JRFL Env as an alternate method to probe residue burial in the context of cleaved, cell surface-expressed Env, as buried residues should be intolerant to substitution with Asp. The data are inconsistent with a fully disordered 547 to 568 stretch, as residues 548, 549, 550, 555, 556, 559, 562, and 566 to 569 are all sensitive to Asp substitution. In the fusion peptide region, residues 513 and 515 were also sensitive to Asp substitution, suggesting that the fusion peptide may not be fully exposed in native Env. gp41 is metastable in the context of native trimer. Introduction of Asp at residues that are exposed in the prefusion state but buried in the postfusion state is expected to destabilize the postfusion state and any intermediate states where the residue is buried. We therefore performed soluble CD4 (sCD4)-induced gp120 shedding experiments to identify Asp mutants at residues 551, 554 to 559, 561 to 567, and 569 that could prevent gp120 shedding. We also observed similar mutational effects on shedding for equivalent mutants in the context of clade C Env from isolate 4-2J.41. These substitutions can potentially be used to stabilize native-like trimer derivatives that are used as HIV-1 vaccine immunogens.IMPORTANCE In most crystal structures of the soluble ectodomain of the HIV-1 Env trimer, some residues in the fusion and N-heptad repeat regions are disordered. Whether this is true in the context of native, functional Env on the virion surface is not known. This knowledge may be useful for stabilizing Env in its prefusion conformation and will also help to improve understanding of the viral entry process. Burial of the charged residue Asp in a protein structure is highly destabilizing. We therefore used Asp scanning mutagenesis to probe the burial of apparently disordered residues in native Env and to examine the effect of mutations in these regions on Env stability and conformation as probed by antibody binding to cell surface-expressed Env, CD4-induced shedding of HIV-1 gp120, and viral infectivity studies. Mutations that prevent shedding can potentially be used to stabilize native-like Env constructs for use as vaccine immunogens.
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Khanna K, Karwasra R, Choudhary S, Sharma D, Sharma N, Nagpal P, Chorsiya V, Nishad DK, Popli H, Bhatnagar A. Submental nalbuphine exhibits improved efficacy in ameliorating acute pain in prehospital emergent conditions; a comparative study with conventional intramuscular using gamma scintigraphy. Injury 2020; 51:1970-1978. [PMID: 32591214 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nalbuphine (NLB) is a kappa-agonist and mu-partial antagonist, widely used for opioid withdrawal de-addiction, opioid-induced pruritis and as emergent analgesia. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of NLB in pain sensitization, through a submental route so as to provide faster management in emergent situations. MATERIALS & METHODS In-vivo efficacy and safety studies of NLB-submental injection were assessed in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. For eddy's hot plate study, animals were allocated into three groups, the first group served as normal control; group II received NLB (through submental route at 1.2 mg/kg); group III received NLB (through intramuscular route at 1.2 mg/kg). Response latency (in terms of response latency) was measured at 10, 30 & 60 min in all the experimental groups. Safety studies were carried out according to OECD 423. In-vitro release study was conducted using a cellulose dialysis membrane (12,000 KDa). The biodistribution and release kinetics studies were carried out using gamma scintigraphy studies in New Zealand rabbits and humans respectively. RESULTS The response latency of NLB from the submental route was found to be 7.17 (SD 1.47) seconds and in the case of the intramuscular route it was calculated as 4.00 (SD 1.26) seconds at 10 min. The data depicts the better efficacy of submental injection in ameliorating pain than the intramuscular injection. Toxicity studies predict the safe profile through a submental route. The release kinetics in humans of submental NLB was 46% faster as compared to the intramuscular site of injection. The NLB injection through both routes was compared by non-invasive gamma scintigraphy technique and we found that submental injection has faster (within 10 min) onset of action & distributes rapidly. CONCLUSION The submental route of NLB is faster, more efficacious than the intramuscular route. Thus, we conclude that in the case of emergent scenarios (i.v or i.m. route is compromised), where immediate relief is necessary, the submental route is a preferred choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushagra Khanna
- Department of CEPIN, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) Defence Research and Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, INDIA; Department of Pharmacy, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, INDIA
| | - Ritu Karwasra
- Department of CEPIN, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) Defence Research and Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, INDIA
| | - Sandeep Choudhary
- Department of CEPIN, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) Defence Research and Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, INDIA
| | - Deeksha Sharma
- Department of CEPIN, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) Defence Research and Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, INDIA
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, NH-58, Baghpat Crossing, Bypass Road, Meerut, 250005, INDIA
| | - Puja Nagpal
- Department of Research and Education, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, INDIA
| | - Varsha Chorsiya
- School of Physiotherapy, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, INDIA
| | - Dhruv Kumar Nishad
- Department of CEPIN, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) Defence Research and Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, INDIA
| | - Harvinder Popli
- Department of Pharmacy, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, INDIA.
| | - Aseem Bhatnagar
- Department of CEPIN, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) Defence Research and Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, INDIA.
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Villarruel Mendoza LA, Scilletta NA, Bellino MG, Desimone MF, Catalano PN. Recent Advances in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Devices for Controlled Drug Release Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:827. [PMID: 32850709 PMCID: PMC7405504 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, controlled release of drugs has posed numerous challenges with the aim of optimizing parameters such as the release of the suitable quantity of drugs in the right site at the right time with the least invasiveness and the greatest possible automation. Some of the factors that challenge conventional drug release include long-term treatments, narrow therapeutic windows, complex dosing schedules, combined therapies, individual dosing regimens, and labile active substance administration. In this sense, the emergence of micro-devices that combine mechanical and electrical components, so called micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) can offer solutions to these drawbacks. These devices can be fabricated using biocompatible materials, with great uniformity and reproducibility, similar to integrated circuits. They can be aseptically manufactured and hermetically sealed, while having mobile components that enable physical or analytical functions together with electrical components. In this review we present recent advances in the generation of MEMS drug delivery devices, in which various micro and nanometric structures such as contacts, connections, channels, reservoirs, pumps, valves, needles, and/or membranes can be included in their design and manufacture. Implantable single and multiple reservoir-based and transdermal-based MEMS devices are discussed in terms of fundamental mechanisms, fabrication, performance, and drug release applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Antonela Scilletta
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnologia, Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, CNEA-CONICET, San Martín, Argentina
| | | | - Martin Federico Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paolo Nicolas Catalano
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnologia, Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, CNEA-CONICET, San Martín, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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48
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Systems serology for decoding infection and vaccine-induced antibody responses to HIV-1. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2020; 14:253-264. [PMID: 31033729 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Experimental and analytical advances have enabled systematic, high-resolution studies of humoral immune responses, and are beginning to define mechanisms of immunity to HIV. RECENT FINDINGS High-throughput, information-rich experimental and analytical methods, whether genomic, proteomic, or transcriptomic, have firmly established their value across a diversity of fields. Consideration of these tools as trawlers in 'fishing expeditions' has faded as 'data-driven discovery' has come to be valued as an irreplaceable means to develop fundamental understanding of biological systems. Collectively, studies of HIV-1 infection and vaccination including functional, biophysical, and biochemical humoral profiling approaches have provided insights into the phenotypic characteristics of individual and pools of antibodies. Relating these measures to clinical status, protection/efficacy outcomes, and cellular profiling data using machine learning has offered the possibility of identifying unanticipated mechanisms of action and gaining insights into fundamental immunological processes that might otherwise be difficult to decipher. SUMMARY Recent evidence establishes that systematic data collection and application of machine learning approaches can identify humoral immune correlates that are generalizable across distinct HIV-1 immunogens and vaccine regimens and translatable between model organisms and the clinic. These outcomes provide a strong rationale supporting the utility and further expansion of these approaches both in support of vaccine development and more broadly in defining mechanisms of immunity.
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Arunachalam PS, Charles TP, Joag V, Bollimpelli VS, Scott MKD, Wimmers F, Burton SL, Labranche CC, Petitdemange C, Gangadhara S, Styles TM, Quarnstrom CF, Walter KA, Ketas TJ, Legere T, Jagadeesh Reddy PB, Kasturi SP, Tsai A, Yeung BZ, Gupta S, Tomai M, Vasilakos J, Shaw GM, Kang CY, Moore JP, Subramaniam S, Khatri P, Montefiori D, Kozlowski PA, Derdeyn CA, Hunter E, Masopust D, Amara RR, Pulendran B. T cell-inducing vaccine durably prevents mucosal SHIV infection even with lower neutralizing antibody titers. Nat Med 2020; 26:932-940. [PMID: 32393800 PMCID: PMC7303014 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent efforts toward an HIV vaccine focus on inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies, but eliciting both neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and cellular responses may be superior. Here, we immunized macaques with an HIV envelope trimer, either alone to induce nAbs, or together with a heterologous viral vector regimen to elicit nAbs and cellular immunity, including CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells. After ten vaginal challenges with autologous virus, protection was observed in both vaccine groups at 53.3% and 66.7%, respectively. A nAb titer >300 was generally associated with protection but in the heterologous viral vector + nAb group, titers <300 were sufficient. In this group, protection was durable as the animals resisted six more challenges 5 months later. Antigen stimulation of T cells in ex vivo vaginal tissue cultures triggered antiviral responses in myeloid and CD4+ T cells. We propose that cellular immune responses reduce the threshold of nAbs required to confer superior and durable protection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/drug effects
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/drug effects
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Female
- Gene Products, gag/genetics
- Gene Products, gag/immunology
- Genetic Vectors
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Immunity, Heterologous
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Immunologic Memory/immunology
- Macaca mulatta
- Mucous Membrane
- SAIDS Vaccines/pharmacology
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- Vagina
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu S Arunachalam
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tysheena P Charles
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vineet Joag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Venkata S Bollimpelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Madeleine K D Scott
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Florian Wimmers
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samantha L Burton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Celia C Labranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Caroline Petitdemange
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- HIV Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sailaja Gangadhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tiffany M Styles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Clare F Quarnstrom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Korey A Walter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Thomas J Ketas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Traci Legere
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pradeep Babu Jagadeesh Reddy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Pfizer, Andover, MA, USA
| | - Sudhir Pai Kasturi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Shakti Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark Tomai
- 3M Corporate Research and Materials Lab, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - George M Shaw
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chil-Yong Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John P Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pamela A Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Cynthia A Derdeyn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Eric Hunter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Rama R Amara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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50
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Fisher BS, Dambrauskas N, Trakhimets O, Andrade DV, Smedley J, Sodora DL, Sather DN. Oral Immunization with HIV-1 Envelope SOSIP trimers elicits systemic immune responses and cross-reactive anti-V1V2 antibodies in non-human primates. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233577. [PMID: 32470041 PMCID: PMC7259690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a successful HIV vaccine is dependent upon a determination of the optimum antigen and adjuvant as well as choosing an optimal site for vaccine delivery. The site of delivery is particularly relevant as HIV transmission generally requires that the virus crosses a mucosal membrane to infect a new host. Here we undertake a pilot study comparing three vaccine delivery routes, two to the oral cavity (intraepithelial (iEp) and needle-free (NF-Injex)) as well as intramuscular (IM) delivery. These vaccinations utilized a recombinant HIV-1 Env trimer 10042.05 from an elite neutralizer, subject VC10042, that has previously induced high titers of cross-clade reactive V1V2 antibodies. The 10042.05.SOSIP fused trimer was administered with adjuvants R848 (Resiquimod), MPLA and Alhydrogel to characterize the innate cellular and anti-HIV Envelope (Env) antibody responses following the administration of the vaccine to the oral mucosa. Oral delivery of the 10042.05.SOSIP induced high titers of anti-V1V2 antibodies, which together with previous studies, indicates an immunogenic bias toward the V1V2 regions in 10042-derived Envs. Both types of oral vaccine delivery resulted in immunologic and serologic responses that were comparable to the IM delivery route. Furthermore, induction of anti-V1-V2 specific antibodies was best following iEp delivery of the oral vaccine identifying this as the optimal method to orally deliver this vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget S. Fisher
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Olesya Trakhimets
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Daniela V. Andrade
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Smedley
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Donald L. Sodora
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DNS); (DLS)
| | - D. Noah Sather
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DNS); (DLS)
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