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Lee KH, Stafford AM, Pacheco-Vergara M, Cichewicz K, Canales CP, Seban N, Corea M, Rahbarian D, Bonekamp KE, Gillie GR, Cruz DP, Gill AM, Hwang HE, Uhl KL, Jager TE, Shinawi M, Li X, Obenaus A, Crandall SR, Jeong J, Nord AS, Kim CH, Vogt D. Complimentary vertebrate Wac models exhibit phenotypes relevant to DeSanto-Shinawi Syndrome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.26.595966. [PMID: 38826421 PMCID: PMC11142245 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.26.595966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Monogenic syndromes are associated with neurodevelopmental changes that result in cognitive impairments, neurobehavioral phenotypes including autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and seizures. Limited studies and resources are available to make meaningful headway into the underlying molecular mechanisms that result in these symptoms. One such example is DeSanto-Shinawi Syndrome (DESSH), a rare disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the WAC gene. Individuals with DESSH syndrome exhibit a recognizable craniofacial gestalt, developmental delay/intellectual disability, neurobehavioral symptoms that include autism, ADHD, behavioral difficulties and seizures. However, no thorough studies from a vertebrate model exist to understand how these changes occur. To overcome this, we developed both murine and zebrafish Wac/wac deletion mutants and studied whether their phenotypes recapitulate those described in individuals with DESSH syndrome. We show that the two Wac models exhibit craniofacial and behavioral changes, reminiscent of abnormalities found in DESSH syndrome. In addition, each model revealed impacts to GABAergic neurons and further studies showed that the mouse mutants are susceptible to seizures, changes in brain volumes that are different between sexes and relevant behaviors. Finally, we uncovered transcriptional impacts of Wac loss of function that will pave the way for future molecular studies into DESSH. These studies begin to uncover some biological underpinnings of DESSH syndrome and elucidate the biology of Wac, with advantages in each model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Han Lee
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - April M Stafford
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Maria Pacheco-Vergara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Karol Cichewicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis 95618, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis 95618, USA
| | - Cesar P Canales
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis 95618, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis 95618, USA
| | - Nicolas Seban
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis 95618, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis 95618, USA
| | - Melissa Corea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis 95618, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis 95618, USA
| | - Darlene Rahbarian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis 95618, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis 95618, USA
| | - Kelly E. Bonekamp
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Grant R. Gillie
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Dariangelly Pacheco Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Alyssa M Gill
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Hye-Eun Hwang
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Katie L Uhl
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | | | - Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Director, Preclinical and Translational Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Shane R Crandall
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Juhee Jeong
- Department of Molecular Pathology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Alex S Nord
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis 95618, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis 95618, USA
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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2
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Scheper M, Sørensen FNF, Ruffolo G, Gaeta A, Lissner LJ, Anink JJ, Korshunova I, Jansen FE, Riney K, van Hecke W, Mühlebner A, Khodosevich K, Schubert D, Palma E, Mills JD, Aronica E. Impaired GABAergic regulation and developmental immaturity in interneurons derived from the medial ganglionic eminence in the tuberous sclerosis complex. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:80. [PMID: 38714540 PMCID: PMC11076412 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
GABAergic interneurons play a critical role in maintaining neural circuit balance, excitation-inhibition regulation, and cognitive function modulation. In tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), GABAergic neuron dysfunction contributes to disrupted network activity and associated neurological symptoms, assumingly in a cell type-specific manner. This GABAergic centric study focuses on identifying specific interneuron subpopulations within TSC, emphasizing the unique characteristics of medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)- and caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE)-derived interneurons. Using single-nuclei RNA sequencing in TSC patient material, we identify somatostatin-expressing (SST+) interneurons as a unique and immature subpopulation in TSC. The disrupted maturation of SST+ interneurons may undergo an incomplete switch from excitatory to inhibitory GABAergic signaling during development, resulting in reduced inhibitory properties. Notably, this study reveals markers of immaturity specifically in SST+ interneurons, including an abnormal NKCC1/KCC2 ratio, indicating an imbalance in chloride homeostasis crucial for the postsynaptic consequences of GABAergic signaling as well as the downregulation of GABAA receptor subunits, GABRA1, and upregulation of GABRA2. Further exploration of SST+ interneurons revealed altered localization patterns of SST+ interneurons in TSC brain tissue, concentrated in deeper cortical layers, possibly linked to cortical dyslamination. In the epilepsy context, our research underscores the diverse cell type-specific roles of GABAergic interneurons in shaping seizures, advocating for precise therapeutic considerations. Moreover, this study illuminates the potential contribution of SST+ interneurons to TSC pathophysiology, offering insights for targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirte Scheper
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frederik N F Sørensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabriele Ruffolo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00163, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gaeta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lilian J Lissner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irina Korshunova
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Floor E Jansen
- Department of Child Neurology, Brain Center University Medical Center, Member of ERN EpiCare, 3584 BA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kate Riney
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
- Neurosciences Unit, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Wim van Hecke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantin Khodosevich
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dirk Schubert
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Palma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00163, Rome, Italy
| | - James D Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, SL9 0RJ, UK
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
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3
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Campbell BFN, Cruz-Ochoa N, Otomo K, Lukacsovich D, Espinosa P, Abegg A, Luo W, Bellone C, Földy C, Tyagarajan SK. Gephyrin phosphorylation facilitates sexually dimorphic development and function of parvalbumin interneurons in the mouse hippocampus. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02517-5. [PMID: 38503929 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The precise function of specialized GABAergic interneuron subtypes is required to provide appropriate synaptic inhibition for regulating principal neuron excitability and synchronization within brain circuits. Of these, parvalbumin-type (PV neuron) dysfunction is a feature of several sex-biased psychiatric and brain disorders, although, the underlying developmental mechanisms are unclear. While the transcriptional action of sex hormones generates sexual dimorphism during brain development, whether kinase signaling contributes to sex differences in PV neuron function remains unexplored. In the hippocampus, we report that gephyrin, the main inhibitory post-synaptic scaffolding protein, is phosphorylated at serine S268 and S270 in a developmentally-dependent manner in both males and females. When examining GphnS268A/S270A mice in which site-specific phosphorylation is constitutively blocked, we found that sex differences in PV neuron density in the hippocampal CA1 present in WT mice were abolished, coincident with a female-specific increase in PV neuron-derived terminals and increased inhibitory input onto principal cells. Electrophysiological analysis of CA1 PV neurons indicated that gephyrin phosphorylation is required for sexually dimorphic function. Moreover, while male and female WT mice showed no difference in hippocampus-dependent memory tasks, GphnS268A/S270A mice exhibited sex- and task-specific deficits, indicating that gephyrin phosphorylation is differentially required by males and females for convergent cognitive function. In fate mapping experiments, we uncovered that gephyrin phosphorylation at S268 and S270 establishes sex differences in putative PV neuron density during early postnatal development. Furthermore, patch-sequencing of putative PV neurons at postnatal day 4 revealed that gephyrin phosphorylation contributes to sex differences in the transcriptomic profile of developing interneurons. Therefore, these early shifts in male-female interneuron development may drive adult sex differences in PV neuron function and connectivity. Our results identify gephyrin phosphorylation as a new substrate organizing PV neuron development at the anatomical, functional, and transcriptional levels in a sex-dependent manner, thus implicating kinase signaling disruption as a new mechanism contributing to the sex-dependent etiology of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F N Campbell
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Cruz-Ochoa
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University Research Priority Program (URPP), University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kanako Otomo
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Lukacsovich
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Espinosa
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrin Abegg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wenshu Luo
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Bellone
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Földy
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University Research Priority Program (URPP), University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shiva K Tyagarajan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Page CE, Coutellier L. Kv3.1 Voltage-gated Potassium Channels Modulate Anxiety-like Behaviors in Female Mice. Neuroscience 2024; 538:68-79. [PMID: 38157976 PMCID: PMC10872248 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Inhibitory parvalbumin (PV) interneurons regulate the activity of neural circuits within brain regions involved in emotional processing, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Recently, rodent studies have implicated a stress-induced increase in prefrontal PV neuron activity in the development of anxiety behaviors, particularly in females. However, the mechanisms through which stress increases activity of prefrontal PV neurons remain unknown. The fast-spiking properties of PV neurons in part come from their expression of voltage-gated potassium (K+) ion channels, particularly Kv3.1 channels. We therefore suggest that stress-induced changes in Kv3.1 channels contribute to the appearance of an anxious phenotype following chronic stress in female mice. Here, we first showed that unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) increased expression of Kv3.1 channels on prefrontal PV neurons in female mice, a potential mechanism underlying the previously observed hyperactivity of these neurons after stress. We then showed that female mice deficient in Kv3.1 channels displayed resilience to UCMS-induced anxiety-like behaviors. Altogether, our findings implicate Kv3.1 channels in the development of anxiety-like behaviors following UCMS, particularly in females, providing a novel mechanism to understand sex-specific vulnerabilities to stress-induced psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe E Page
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Laurence Coutellier
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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5
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Hu JS, Malik R, Sohal VS, Rubenstein JL, Vogt D. Tsc1 Loss in VIP-Lineage Cortical Interneurons Results in More VIP+ Interneurons and Enhanced Excitability. Cells 2023; 13:52. [PMID: 38201256 PMCID: PMC10777938 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a powerful regulator of cell proliferation, growth, synapse maintenance and cell fate. While intensely studied for its role in cancer, the role of mTOR signaling is just beginning to be uncovered in specific cell types that are implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Previously, loss of the Tsc1 gene, which results in hyperactive mTOR, was shown to affect the function and molecular properties of GABAergic cortical interneurons (CINs) derived from the medial ganglionic eminence. To assess if other important classes of CINs could be impacted by mTOR dysfunction, we deleted Tsc1 in a caudal ganglionic eminence-derived interneuron group, the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)+ subtype, whose activity disinhibits local circuits. Tsc1 mutant VIP+ CINs reduced their pattern of apoptosis from postnatal days 15-20, resulting in increased VIP+ CINs. The mutant CINs exhibited synaptic and electrophysiological properties that could contribute to the high rate of seizure activity in humans that harbor Tsc1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sheng Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ruchi Malik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Sloan-Swartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Vikaas S. Sohal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Sloan-Swartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John L. Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Riley VA, Shankar V, Holmberg JC, Sokolov AM, Neckles VN, Williams K, Lyman R, Mackay TF, Feliciano DM. Tsc2 coordinates neuroprogenitor differentiation. iScience 2023; 26:108442. [PMID: 38107199 PMCID: PMC10724693 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) of the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) generate numerous cell types. The uncoupling of mRNA transcript availability and translation occurs during the progression from stem to differentiated states. The mTORC1 kinase pathway acutely controls proteins that regulate mRNA translation. Inhibiting mTORC1 during differentiation is hypothesized to be critical for brain development since somatic mutations of mTORC1 regulators perturb brain architecture. Inactivating mutations of TSC1 or TSC2 genes cause tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). TSC patients have growths near the striatum and ventricles. Here, it is demonstrated that V-SVZ NSC Tsc2 inactivation causes striatal hamartomas. Tsc2 removal altered translation factors, translatomes, and translational efficiency. Single nuclei RNA sequencing following in vivo loss of Tsc2 revealed changes in NSC activation states. The inability to decouple mRNA transcript availability and translation delayed differentiation leading to the retention of immature phenotypes in hamartomas. Taken together, Tsc2 is required for translational repression and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Riley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Vijay Shankar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | | | - Aidan M. Sokolov
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Kaitlyn Williams
- Clemson University Genomics and Bioinformatics Facility (CUGBF), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Rachel Lyman
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Trudy F.C. Mackay
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - David M. Feliciano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
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Stuempflen M, Taymourtash A, Kienast P, Schmidbauer VU, Schwartz E, Mitter C, Binder J, Prayer D, Kasprian G. Ganglionic eminence: volumetric assessment of transient brain structure utilizing fetal magnetic resonance imaging. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2023; 62:405-413. [PMID: 37099530 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) super-resolution-based three-dimensional volumetric reference data on the growth dynamics of the ganglionic eminence (GE) relative to cortical and total fetal brain volumes (TBV). METHODS This was a retrospective study of fetuses without structural central nervous system anomalies or other confounding comorbidities that were referred for fetal MRI. Super-resolution reconstructions of 1.5- and 3-Tesla T2-weighted images were generated. Semiautomatic segmentation of TBV and cortical volume and manual segmentation of the GE were performed. Cortical volume, TBV and GE volume were quantified and three-dimensional reconstructions were generated to visualize the developmental dynamics of the GE. RESULTS Overall, 120 fetuses that underwent 127 MRI scans at a mean gestational age of 27.23 ± 4.81 weeks (range, 20-37 weeks) were included. In the investigated gestational-age range, GE volume ranged from 74.88 to 808.75 mm3 and was at its maximum at 21 gestational weeks, followed by a linear decrease (R2 = 0.559) throughout the late second and third trimesters. A pronounced reduction in GE volume relative to cortical volume and TBV occurred in the late second trimester, with a decline in this reduction observed in the third trimester (R2 = 0.936 and 0.924, respectively). Three-dimensional rendering allowed visualization of a continuous change in the shape and size of the GE throughout the second and third trimesters. CONCLUSIONS Even small compartments of the fetal brain, which are not easily accessible by standardized two-dimensional modalities, can be assessed precisely by super-resolution processed fetal MRI. The inverse growth dynamics of GE volume compared with TBV and cortical volume reflects the transitory nature and physiological involution of this (patho-)physiologically important brain structure. The normal development and involution of the GE is mandatory for normal cortical development. Pathological changes of this transient organ precede impairment of cortical structures, and their detection may allow an earlier diagnosis of such anomalies. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stuempflen
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Taymourtash
- Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Kienast
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - V U Schmidbauer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Schwartz
- Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Mitter
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Binder
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Prayer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Kasprian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Fernandez A, Sarn N, Eng C, Wright KM. Intrinsic control of DRG sensory neuron diversification by Pten. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.04.552039. [PMID: 37781577 PMCID: PMC10541114 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.04.552039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) modulates intracellular survival and differentiation signaling pathways downstream of neurotrophin receptors in the developing peripheral nervous system (PNS). Although well-studied in the context of brain development, our understanding of the in vivo role of PTEN in the PNS is limited to models of neuropathic pain and nerve injury. Here, we assessed how alterations in PTEN signaling affects the development of peripheral somatosensory circuits. We found that sensory neurons within the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in Pten heterozygous ( Pten Het ) mice exhibit defects in neuronal subtype diversification. Abnormal DRG differentiation in Pten Het mice arises early in development, with subsets of neurons expressing both progenitor and neuronal markers. DRGs in Pten Het mice show dysregulation of both mTOR and GSK-3β signaling pathways downstream of PTEN. Finally, we show that mice with an autism-associated mutation in Pten ( Pten Y68H/+ ) show abnormal DRG development. Thus, we have discovered a crucial role for PTEN signaling in the intrinsic diversification of primary sensory neuron populations in the DRG during development.
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9
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Pai ELL, Stafford AM, Vogt D. Cellular signaling impacts upon GABAergic cortical interneuron development. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1138653. [PMID: 36998738 PMCID: PMC10043199 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1138653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and maturation of cortical GABAergic interneurons has been extensively studied, with much focus on nuclear regulation via transcription factors. While these seminal events are critical for the establishment of interneuron developmental milestones, recent studies on cellular signaling cascades have begun to elucidate some potential contributions of cell signaling during development. Here, we review studies underlying three broad signaling families, mTOR, MAPK, and Wnt/beta-catenin in cortical interneuron development. Notably, each pathway harbors signaling factors that regulate a breadth of interneuron developmental milestones and properties. Together, these events may work in conjunction with transcriptional mechanisms and other events to direct the complex diversity that emerges during cortical interneuron development and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ling-Lin Pai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - April M. Stafford
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniel Vogt,
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St18 specifies globus pallidus projection neuron identity in MGE lineage. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7735. [PMID: 36517477 PMCID: PMC9751150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) produces both locally-projecting interneurons, which migrate long distances to structures such as the cortex as well as projection neurons that occupy subcortical nuclei. Little is known about what regulates the migratory behavior and axonal projections of these two broad classes of neurons. We find that St18 regulates the migration and morphology of MGE neurons in vitro. Further, genetic loss-of-function of St18 in mice reveals a reduction in projection neurons of the globus pallidus pars externa. St18 functions by influencing cell fate in MGE lineages as we observe a large expansion of nascent cortical interneurons at the expense of putative GPe neurons in St18 null embryos. Downstream of St18, we identified Cbx7, a component of Polycomb repressor complex 1, and find that it is essential for projection neuron-like migration but not morphology. Thus, we identify St18 as a key regulator of projection neuron vs. interneuron identity.
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11
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Bernard C, Exposito-Alonso D, Selten M, Sanalidou S, Hanusz-Godoy A, Aguilera A, Hamid F, Oozeer F, Maeso P, Allison L, Russell M, Fleck RA, Rico B, Marín O. Cortical wiring by synapse type-specific control of local protein synthesis. Science 2022; 378:eabm7466. [PMID: 36423280 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm7466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Neurons use local protein synthesis to support their morphological complexity, which requires independent control across multiple subcellular compartments up to the level of individual synapses. We identify a signaling pathway that regulates the local synthesis of proteins required to form excitatory synapses on parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons in the mouse cerebral cortex. This process involves regulation of the TSC subunit 2 (Tsc2) by the Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ErbB4), which enables local control of messenger RNA {mRNA} translation in a cell type-specific and synapse type-specific manner. Ribosome-associated mRNA profiling reveals a molecular program of synaptic proteins downstream of ErbB4 signaling required to form excitatory inputs on PV+ interneurons. Thus, specific connections use local protein synthesis to control synapse formation in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Bernard
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - David Exposito-Alonso
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Martijn Selten
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Stella Sanalidou
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Alicia Hanusz-Godoy
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Alfonso Aguilera
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Fursham Hamid
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Fazal Oozeer
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Patricia Maeso
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Leanne Allison
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Matthew Russell
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Roland A Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Beatriz Rico
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Oscar Marín
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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12
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Bauer S, Dittrich L, Kaczmarczyk L, Schleif M, Benfeitas R, Jackson WS. Translatome profiling in fatal familial insomnia implicates TOR signaling in somatostatin neurons. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202201530. [PMID: 36192034 PMCID: PMC9531780 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bauer and colleagues report that among the six neuron types studied, somatostatin neurons have an unexpectedly strong and similar response to two distinct genetic prion diseases before disease onset. Selective neuronal vulnerability is common in neurodegenerative diseases but poorly understood. In genetic prion diseases, including fatal familial insomnia (FFI) and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), different mutations in the Prnp gene manifest as clinically and neuropathologically distinct diseases. Here we report with electroencephalography studies that theta waves are mildly increased in 21 mo old knock-in mice modeling FFI and CJD and that sleep is mildy affected in FFI mice. To define affected cell types, we analyzed cell type–specific translatomes from six neuron types of 9 mo old FFI and CJD mice. Somatostatin (SST) neurons responded the strongest in both diseases, with unexpectedly high overlap in genes and pathways. Functional analyses revealed up-regulation of neurodegenerative disease pathways and ribosome and mitochondria biogenesis, and down-regulation of synaptic function and small GTPase-mediated signaling in FFI, implicating down-regulation of mTOR signaling as the root of these changes. In contrast, responses in glutamatergic cerebellar neurons were disease-specific. The high similarity in SST neurons of FFI and CJD mice suggests that a common therapy may be beneficial for multiple genetic prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bauer
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lars Dittrich
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lech Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Melvin Schleif
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rui Benfeitas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Walker S Jackson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
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13
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Riley VA, Holmberg JC, Sokolov AM, Feliciano DM. Tsc2 shapes olfactory bulb granule cell molecular and morphological characteristics. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:970357. [PMID: 36277492 PMCID: PMC9581303 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.970357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations that inactivate TSC1 or TSC2. Hamartin and tuberin are encoded by TSC1 and TSC2 which form a GTPase activating protein heteromer that inhibits the Rheb GTPase from activating a growth promoting protein kinase called mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Growths and lesions occur in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), cortex, olfactory tract, and olfactory bulbs (OB) in TSC. A leading hypothesis is that mutations in inhibitory neural progenitor cells cause brain growths in TSC. OB granule cells (GCs) are GABAergic inhibitory neurons that are generated through infancy by inhibitory progenitor cells along the V-SVZ. Removal of Tsc1 from mouse OB GCs creates cellular phenotypes seen in TSC lesions. However, the role of Tsc2 in OB GC maturation requires clarification. Here, it is demonstrated that conditional loss of Tsc2 alters GC development. A mosaic model of TSC was created by performing neonatal CRE recombinase electroporation into inhibitory V-SVZ progenitors yielded clusters of ectopic cytomegalic neurons with hyperactive mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) in homozygous Tsc2 mutant but not heterozygous or wild type mice. Similarly, homozygous Tsc2 mutant GC morphology was altered at postnatal days 30 and 60. Tsc2 mutant GCs had hypertrophic dendritic arbors that were established by postnatal day 30. In contrast, loss of Tsc2 from mature GCs had negligible effects on mTORC1, soma size, and dendrite arborization. OB transcriptome profiling revealed a network of significantly differentially expressed genes following loss of Tsc2 during development that altered neural circuitry. These results demonstrate that Tsc2 has a critical role in regulating neural development and shapes inhibitory GC molecular and morphological characteristics.
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14
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Impact of Raptor and Rictor Deletion on Hippocampal Pathology Following Status Epilepticus. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1243-1258. [PMID: 35618880 PMCID: PMC9571976 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal hyperactivation of the mTOR signaling pathway may play a role in driving the pathological sequelae that follow status epilepticus. Animal studies using pharmacological tools provide support for this hypothesis, however, systemic inhibition of mTOR-a growth pathway active in every mammalian cell-limits conclusions on cell type specificity. To circumvent the limitations of pharmacological approaches, we developed a viral/genetic strategy to delete Raptor or Rictor, inhibiting mTORC1 or mTORC2, respectively, from excitatory hippocampal neurons after status epilepticus in mice. Raptor or Rictor was deleted from roughly 25% of hippocampal granule cells, with variable involvement of other hippocampal neurons, after pilocarpine status epilepticus. Status epilepticus induced the expected loss of hilar neurons, sprouting of granule cell mossy fiber axons and reduced c-Fos activation. Gene deletion did not prevent these changes, although Raptor loss reduced the density of c-Fos-positive granule cells overall relative to Rictor groups. Findings demonstrate that mTOR signaling can be effectively modulated with this approach and further reveal that blocking mTOR signaling in a minority (25%) of granule cells is not sufficient to alter key measures of status epilepticus-induced pathology. The approach is suitable for producing higher deletion rates, and altering the timing of deletion, which may lead to different outcomes.
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15
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Serra I, Stravs A, Osório C, Oyaga MR, Schonewille M, Tudorache C, Badura A. Tsc1 Haploinsufficiency Leads to Pax2 Dysregulation in the Developing Murine Cerebellum. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:831687. [PMID: 35645731 PMCID: PMC9137405 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.831687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) is a tumor suppressor that promotes the inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and mutations in TSC1 lead to a rare complex disorder of the same name. Despite phenotype heterogeneity, up to 50% of TSC patients present with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Consequently, TSC models are often used to probe molecular and behavioral mechanisms of ASD development. Amongst the different brain areas proposed to play a role in the development of ASD, the cerebellum is commonly reported to be altered, and cerebellar-specific deletion of Tsc1 in mice is sufficient to induce ASD-like phenotypes. However, despite these functional changes, whether Tsc1 haploinsufficiency affects cerebellar development is still largely unknown. Given that the mTOR pathway is a master regulator of cell replication and migration, we hypothesized that dysregulation of this pathway would also disrupt the development of cell populations during critical periods of cerebellar development. Here, we used a mouse model of TSC to investigate gene and protein expression during embryonic and early postnatal periods of cerebellar development. We found that, at E18 and P7, mRNA levels of the cerebellar inhibitory interneuron marker paired box gene 2 (Pax2) were dysregulated. This dysregulation was accompanied by changes in the expression of mTOR pathway-related genes and downstream phosphorylation of S6. Differential gene correlation analysis revealed dynamic changes in correlated gene pairs across development, with an overall loss of correlation between mTOR- and cerebellar-related genes in Tsc1 mutants compared to controls. We corroborated the genetic findings by characterizing the mTOR pathway and cerebellar development on protein and cellular levels with Western blot and immunohistochemistry. We found that Pax2-expressing cells were largely unchanged at E18 and P1, while at P7, their number was increased and maturation into parvalbumin-expressing cells delayed. Our findings indicate that, in mice, Tsc1 haploinsufficiency leads to altered cerebellar development and that cerebellar interneuron precursors are particularly susceptible to mTOR pathway dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Serra
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ana Stravs
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Catarina Osório
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Roa Oyaga
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Aleksandra Badura
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Aleksandra Badura,
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16
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Malik R, Li Y, Schamiloglu S, Sohal VS. Top-down control of hippocampal signal-to-noise by prefrontal long-range inhibition. Cell 2022; 185:1602-1617.e17. [PMID: 35487191 PMCID: PMC10027400 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is postulated to exert "top-down control" on information processing throughout the brain to promote specific behaviors. However, pathways mediating top-down control remain poorly understood. In particular, knowledge about direct prefrontal connections that might facilitate top-down control of hippocampal information processing remains sparse. Here we describe monosynaptic long-range GABAergic projections from PFC to hippocampus. These preferentially inhibit vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-expressing interneurons, which are known to disinhibit hippocampal microcircuits. Indeed, stimulating prefrontal-hippocampal GABAergic projections increases hippocampal feedforward inhibition and reduces hippocampal activity in vivo. The net effect of these actions is to specifically enhance the signal-to-noise ratio for hippocampal encoding of object locations and augment object-induced increases in spatial information. Correspondingly, activating or inhibiting these projections promotes or suppresses object exploration, respectively. Together, these results elucidate a top-down prefrontal pathway in which long-range GABAergic projections target disinhibitory microcircuits, thereby enhancing signals and network dynamics underlying exploratory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Malik
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Selin Schamiloglu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vikaas S Sohal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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17
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Cossart R, Garel S. Step by step: cells with multiple functions in cortical circuit assembly. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:395-410. [DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Godoy LD, Prizon T, Rossignoli MT, Leite JP, Liberato JL. Parvalbumin Role in Epilepsy and Psychiatric Comorbidities: From Mechanism to Intervention. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:765324. [PMID: 35250498 PMCID: PMC8891758 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.765324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin is a calcium-binding protein present in inhibitory interneurons that play an essential role in regulating many physiological processes, such as intracellular signaling and synaptic transmission. Changes in parvalbumin expression are deeply related to epilepsy, which is considered one of the most disabling neuropathologies. Epilepsy is a complex multi-factor group of disorders characterized by periods of hypersynchronous activity and hyperexcitability within brain networks. In this scenario, inhibitory neurotransmission dysfunction in modulating excitatory transmission related to the loss of subsets of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneuron may have a prominent role in disrupted excitability. Some studies also reported that parvalbumin-positive interneurons altered function might contribute to psychiatric comorbidities associated with epilepsy, such as depression, anxiety, and psychosis. Understanding the epileptogenic process and comorbidities associated with epilepsy have significantly advanced through preclinical and clinical investigation. In this review, evidence from parvalbumin altered function in epilepsy and associated psychiatric comorbidities were explored with a translational perspective. Some advances in potential therapeutic interventions are highlighted, from current antiepileptic and neuroprotective drugs to cutting edge modulation of parvalbumin subpopulations using optogenetics, designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) techniques, transcranial magnetic stimulation, genome engineering, and cell grafting. Creating new perspectives on mechanisms and therapeutic strategies is valuable for understanding the pathophysiology of epilepsy and its psychiatric comorbidities and improving efficiency in clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívea Dornela Godoy
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tamiris Prizon
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Matheus Teixeira Rossignoli
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Pereira Leite
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- João Pereira Leite,
| | - José Luiz Liberato
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: José Luiz Liberato,
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19
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Niescier RF, Lin YC. The Potential Role of AMPA Receptor Trafficking in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Conditions. Neuroscience 2021; 479:180-191. [PMID: 34571086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted condition associated with difficulties in social interaction and communication. It also shares several comorbidities with other neurodevelopmental conditions. Intensive research examining the molecular basis and characteristics of ASD has revealed an association with a large number and variety of low-penetrance genes. Many of the variants associated with ASD are in genes underlying pathways involved in long-term potentiation (LTP) or depression (LTD). These mechanisms then control the tuning of neuronal connections in response to experience by modifying and trafficking ionotropic glutamate receptors at the post-synaptic areas. Despite the high genetic heterogeneity in ASD, surface trafficking of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor is a vulnerable pathway in ASD. In this review, we discuss autism-related alterations in the trafficking of AMPA receptors, whose surface density and composition at the post-synapse determine the strength of the excitatory connection between neurons. We highlight genes associated with neurodevelopmental conditions that share the autism comorbidity, including Fragile X syndrome, Rett Syndrome, and Tuberous Sclerosis, as well as the autism-risk genes NLGNs, IQSEC2, DOCK4, and STXBP5, all of which are involved in regulating AMPAR trafficking to the post-synaptic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Niescier
- Program in Neuroscience, Hussman Institute for Autism, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Yu-Chih Lin
- Program in Neuroscience, Hussman Institute for Autism, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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20
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Development, Diversity, and Death of MGE-Derived Cortical Interneurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179297. [PMID: 34502208 PMCID: PMC8430628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, cortical interneurons (INs) are a highly diverse group of cells. A key neurophysiological question concerns how each class of INs contributes to cortical circuit function and whether specific roles can be attributed to a selective cell type. To address this question, researchers are integrating knowledge derived from transcriptomic, histological, electrophysiological, developmental, and functional experiments to extensively characterise the different classes of INs. Our hope is that such knowledge permits the selective targeting of cell types for therapeutic endeavours. This review will focus on two of the main types of INs, namely the parvalbumin (PV+) or somatostatin (SOM+)-containing cells, and summarise the research to date on these classes.
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21
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Benthall KN, Cording KR, Agopyan-Miu AHCW, Wong CD, Chen EY, Bateup HS. Loss of Tsc1 from striatal direct pathway neurons impairs endocannabinoid-LTD and enhances motor routine learning. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109511. [PMID: 34380034 PMCID: PMC8404511 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that often presents with psychiatric conditions, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is characterized by restricted, repetitive, and inflexible behaviors, which may result from abnormal activity in striatal circuits that mediate motor learning and action selection. To test whether altered striatal activity contributes to aberrant motor behaviors in the context of TSC, we conditionally deleted Tsc1 from direct or indirect pathway striatal projection neurons (dSPNs or iSPNs, respectively). We find that dSPN-specific loss of Tsc1 impairs endocannabinoid-mediated long-term depression (eCB-LTD) at cortico-dSPN synapses and strongly enhances corticostriatal synaptic drive, which is not observed in iSPNs. dSPN-Tsc1 KO, but not iSPN-Tsc1 KO, mice show enhanced motor learning, a phenotype observed in several mouse models of ASD. These findings demonstrate that dSPNs are particularly sensitive to Tsc1 loss and suggest that enhanced corticostriatal activation may contribute to altered motor behaviors in TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn N Benthall
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Katherine R Cording
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Corinna D Wong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Emily Y Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Helen S Bateup
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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22
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Bassetti D, Luhmann HJ, Kirischuk S. Effects of Mutations in TSC Genes on Neurodevelopment and Synaptic Transmission. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147273. [PMID: 34298906 PMCID: PMC8305053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 genes are linked to alterations in neuronal function which ultimately lead to the development of a complex neurological phenotype. Here we review current research on the effects that reduction in TSC1 or TSC2 can produce on the developing neural network. A crucial feature of the disease pathophysiology appears to be an early deviation from typical neurodevelopment, in the form of structural abnormalities. Epileptic seizures are one of the primary early manifestation of the disease in the CNS, followed by intellectual deficits and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Research using mouse models suggests that morphological brain alterations might arise from the interaction of different cellular types, and hyperexcitability in the early postnatal period might be transient. Moreover, the increased excitation-to-inhibition ratio might represent a transient compensatory adjustment to stabilize the developing network rather than a primary factor for the development of ASD symptoms. The inhomogeneous results suggest region-specificity as well as an evolving picture of functional alterations along development. Furthermore, ASD symptoms and epilepsy might originate from different but potentially overlapping mechanisms, which can explain recent observations obtained in patients. Potential treatment is determined not only by the type of medicament, but also by the time point of treatment.
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23
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Sensitive period for rescuing parvalbumin interneurons connectivity and social behavior deficits caused by TSC1 loss. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3653. [PMID: 34135323 PMCID: PMC8209106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway controls several aspects of neuronal development. Mutations in regulators of mTORC1, such as Tsc1 and Tsc2, lead to neurodevelopmental disorders associated with autism, intellectual disabilities and epilepsy. The correct development of inhibitory interneurons is crucial for functional circuits. In particular, the axonal arborisation and synapse density of parvalbumin (PV)-positive GABAergic interneurons change in the postnatal brain. How and whether mTORC1 signaling affects PV cell development is unknown. Here, we show that Tsc1 haploinsufficiency causes a premature increase in terminal axonal branching and bouton density formed by mutant PV cells, followed by a loss of perisomatic innervation in adult mice. PV cell-restricted Tsc1 haploinsufficient and knockout mice show deficits in social behavior. Finally, we identify a sensitive period during the third postnatal week during which treatment with the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin rescues deficits in both PV cell innervation and social behavior in adult conditional haploinsufficient mice. Our findings reveal a role of mTORC1 signaling in the regulation of the developmental time course and maintenance of cortical PV cell connectivity and support a mechanistic basis for the targeted rescue of autism-related behaviors in disorders associated with deregulated mTORC1 signaling.
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Holter MC, Hewitt LT, Nishimura KJ, Knowles SJ, Bjorklund GR, Shah S, Fry NR, Rees KP, Gupta TA, Daniels CW, Li G, Marsh S, Treiman DM, Olive MF, Anderson TR, Sanabria F, Snider WD, Newbern JM. Hyperactive MEK1 Signaling in Cortical GABAergic Neurons Promotes Embryonic Parvalbumin Neuron Loss and Defects in Behavioral Inhibition. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3064-3081. [PMID: 33570093 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many developmental syndromes have been linked to genetic mutations that cause abnormal ERK/MAPK activity; however, the neuropathological effects of hyperactive signaling are not fully understood. Here, we examined whether hyperactivation of MEK1 modifies the development of GABAergic cortical interneurons (CINs), a heterogeneous population of inhibitory neurons necessary for cortical function. We show that GABAergic-neuron specific MEK1 hyperactivation in vivo leads to increased cleaved caspase-3 labeling in a subpopulation of immature neurons in the embryonic subpallial mantle zone. Adult mutants displayed a significant loss of parvalbumin (PV), but not somatostatin, expressing CINs and a reduction in perisomatic inhibitory synapses on excitatory neurons. Surviving mutant PV-CINs maintained a typical fast-spiking phenotype but showed signs of decreased intrinsic excitability that coincided with an increased risk of seizure-like phenotypes. In contrast to other mouse models of PV-CIN loss, we discovered a robust increase in the accumulation of perineuronal nets, an extracellular structure thought to restrict plasticity. Indeed, we found that mutants exhibited a significant impairment in the acquisition of behavioral response inhibition capacity. Overall, our data suggest PV-CIN development is particularly sensitive to hyperactive MEK1 signaling, which may underlie certain neurological deficits frequently observed in ERK/MAPK-linked syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Holter
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Lauren T Hewitt
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kenji J Nishimura
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Sara J Knowles
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | | | - Shiv Shah
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Noah R Fry
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Katherina P Rees
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Tanya A Gupta
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Carter W Daniels
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Guohui Li
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Steven Marsh
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | | | | | - Trent R Anderson
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Federico Sanabria
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - William D Snider
- University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jason M Newbern
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Regulatory Elements Inserted into AAVs Confer Preferential Activity in Cortical Interneurons. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0211-20.2020. [PMID: 33199411 PMCID: PMC7768279 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0211-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical interneuron (CIN) dysfunction is thought to play a major role in neuropsychiatric conditions like epilepsy, schizophrenia and autism. It is therefore essential to understand how the development, physiology, and functions of CINs influence cortical circuit activity and behavior in model organisms such as mice and primates. While transgenic driver lines are powerful tools for studying CINs in mice, this technology is limited in other species. An alternative approach is to use viral vectors such as AAV, which can be used in multiple species including primates and also have potential for therapeutic use in humans. Thus, we sought to discover gene regulatory enhancer elements (REs) that can be used in viral vectors to drive expression in specific cell types. The present study describes the systematic genome-wide identification of putative REs (pREs) that are preferentially active in immature CINs by histone modification chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-seq). We evaluated two novel pREs in AAV vectors, alongside the well-established Dlx I12b enhancer, and found that they drove CIN-specific reporter expression in adult mice. We also showed that the identified Arl4d pRE could drive sufficient expression of channelrhodopsin for optogenetic rescue of behavioral deficits in the Dlx5/6+/- mouse model of fast-spiking CIN dysfunction.
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Wundrach D, Martinetti LE, Stafford AM, Bilinovich SM, Angara K, Prokop JW, Crandall SR, Vogt D. A Human TSC1 Variant Screening Platform in Gabaergic Cortical Interneurons for Genotype to Phenotype Assessments. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:573409. [PMID: 33071758 PMCID: PMC7539171 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.573409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The TSC1 and TSC2 genes are connected to multiple syndromes from Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with uncertainty if genetic variants cause all or subsets of phenotypes based on the location and type of change. For TSC1, few have addressed if non-TSC associated genetic variants have direct contributions to changes in neurological genotype-to-phenotype impacts, including elevated rates of ASD and seizures. Dominant variants cause TSC, yet TSC1 has many heritable variants not dominant for TSC that are poorly understood in neurological function, with some associated with ASD. Herein, we examined how missense variants in TSC1, R336W, T360N, T393I, S403L, and H732Y, impacted the development of cortical inhibitory interneurons, cell-types whose molecular, cellular, and physiological properties are altered after the loss of mouse TSC1. We found these variants complemented a known phenotype caused by loss of TSC1, increased cell size. However, distinct variants, particularly S403L showed deficits in complementing an increase in parvalbumin levels and exhibited smaller amplitude after hyperpolarizations. Overall, these data show that subtle phenotypes can be induced by some TSC1 missense variants and provide an in vivo system to assess TSC1 variants’ neurological impact better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Wundrach
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Luis E Martinetti
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - April M Stafford
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Stephanie M Bilinovich
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Kartik Angara
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Jeremy W Prokop
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Center for Research in Autism, Intellectual and other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Shane R Crandall
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Center for Research in Autism, Intellectual and other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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27
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Neurodevelopmental Disorders: From Genetics to Functional Pathways. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:608-621. [PMID: 32507511 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a class of disorders affecting brain development and function and are characterized by wide genetic and clinical variability. In this review, we discuss the multiple factors that influence the clinical presentation of NDDs, with particular attention to gene vulnerability, mutational load, and the two-hit model. Despite the complex architecture of mutational events associated with NDDs, the various proteins involved appear to converge on common pathways, such as synaptic plasticity/function, chromatin remodelers and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms behind these pathways will hopefully lead to the identification of candidates that could be targeted for treatment approaches.
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Pai ELL, Chen J, Fazel Darbandi S, Cho FS, Chen J, Lindtner S, Chu JS, Paz JT, Vogt D, Paredes MF, Rubenstein JLR. Maf and Mafb control mouse pallial interneuron fate and maturation through neuropsychiatric disease gene regulation. eLife 2020; 9:e54903. [PMID: 32452758 PMCID: PMC7282818 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Maf (c-Maf) and Mafb transcription factors (TFs) have compensatory roles in repressing somatostatin (SST+) interneuron (IN) production in medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) secondary progenitors in mice. Maf and Mafb conditional deletion (cDKO) decreases the survival of MGE-derived cortical interneurons (CINs) and changes their physiological properties. Herein, we show that (1) Mef2c and Snap25 are positively regulated by Maf and Mafb to drive IN morphological maturation; (2) Maf and Mafb promote Mef2c expression which specifies parvalbumin (PV+) INs; (3) Elmo1, Igfbp4 and Mef2c are candidate markers of immature PV+ hippocampal INs (HIN). Furthermore, Maf/Mafb neonatal cDKOs have decreased CINs and increased HINs, that express Pnoc, an HIN specific marker. Our findings not only elucidate key gene targets of Maf and Mafb that control IN development, but also identify for the first time TFs that differentially regulate CIN vs. HIN production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ling-Lin Pai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Siavash Fazel Darbandi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Frances S Cho
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jiapei Chen
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoUnited States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Susan Lindtner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Julia S Chu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoUnited States
- The Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State UniversityGrand RapidsUnited States
| | - Mercedes F Paredes
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- The Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - John LR Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- The Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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Haji N, Riebe I, Aguilar-Valles A, Artinian J, Laplante I, Lacaille JC. Tsc1 haploinsufficiency in Nkx2.1 cells upregulates hippocampal interneuron mTORC1 activity, impairs pyramidal cell synaptic inhibition, and alters contextual fear discrimination and spatial working memory in mice. Mol Autism 2020; 11:29. [PMID: 32375878 PMCID: PMC7201610 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 genes cause tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a disorder associated with epilepsy, autism, and intellectual disability. TSC1 and TSC2 are repressors of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a key regulator of protein synthesis. Dysregulation of mTORC1 in TSC mouse models leads to impairments in excitation-inhibition balance, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory deficits. However, synaptic inhibition arises from multiple types of inhibitory interneurons and how changes in specific interneurons contribute to TSC remains largely unknown. In the present work, we determined the effect of conditional Tsc1 haploinsufficiency in a specific subgroup of inhibitory cells on hippocampal function in mice. Methods We investigated the consequences of conditional heterozygous knockout of Tsc1 in MGE-derived inhibitory cells by crossing Nkx2.1Cre/wt;Tsc1f/f mice. We examined the changes in mTORC1 activity and synaptic transmission in hippocampal cells, as well as hippocampus-related cognitive tasks. Results We detected selective increases in phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in interneurons, indicating cell-specific-upregulated mTORC1 signaling. At the behavioral level, Nkx2.1Cre/wt;Tsc1f/wt mice exhibited intact contextual fear memory, but impaired contextual fear discrimination. They displayed intact spatial learning and reference memory but impairment in spatial working memory. Whole-cell recordings in hippocampal slices of Nkx2.1Cre/wt;Tsc1f/wt mice showed intact basic membrane properties, as well as miniature excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission, in pyramidal and Nkx2.1-expressing inhibitory cells. Using optogenetic activation of Nkx2.1 interneurons in slices of Nkx2.1Cre/wt;Tsc1f/wt mice, we found a decrease in synaptic inhibition of pyramidal cells. Chronic, but not acute treatment, with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin reversed the impairment in synaptic inhibition. Conclusions Our results indicate that Tsc1 haploinsufficiency in MGE-derived inhibitory cells upregulates mTORC1 activity in these interneurons, reduces their synaptic inhibition of pyramidal cells, and alters contextual fear discrimination and spatial working memory. Thus, selective dysregulation of mTORC1 function in Nkx2.1-expressing inhibitory cells appears sufficient to impair synaptic inhibition and contributes to cognitive deficits in the Tsc1 mouse model of TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Haji
- Department of Neurosciences and Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central (GRSNC), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3 J7, Canada
| | - Ilse Riebe
- Department of Neurosciences and Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central (GRSNC), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3 J7, Canada
| | - Argel Aguilar-Valles
- Department of Neurosciences and Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central (GRSNC), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3 J7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Julien Artinian
- Department of Neurosciences and Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central (GRSNC), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3 J7, Canada
| | - Isabel Laplante
- Department of Neurosciences and Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central (GRSNC), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3 J7, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Lacaille
- Department of Neurosciences and Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central (GRSNC), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3 J7, Canada.
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Angara K, Pai ELL, Bilinovich SM, Stafford AM, Nguyen JT, Li KX, Paul A, Rubenstein JL, Vogt D. Nf1 deletion results in depletion of the Lhx6 transcription factor and a specific loss of parvalbumin + cortical interneurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6189-6195. [PMID: 32123116 PMCID: PMC7084085 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915458117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene, which encodes the protein, neurofibromin, an inhibitor of Ras activity. Cortical GABAergic interneurons (CINs) are implicated in NF1 pathology, but the cellular and molecular changes to CINs are unknown. We deleted mouse Nf1 from the medial ganglionic eminence, which gives rise to both oligodendrocytes and CINs that express somatostatin and parvalbumin. Nf1 loss led to a persistence of immature oligodendrocytes that prevented later-generated oligodendrocytes from occupying the cortex. Moreover, molecular and cellular properties of parvalbumin (PV)-positive CINs were altered by the loss of Nf1, without changes in somatostatin (SST)-positive CINs. We discovered that loss of Nf1 results in a dose-dependent decrease in Lhx6 expression, the transcription factor necessary to establish SST+ and PV+ CINs, which was rescued by the MEK inhibitor SL327, revealing a mechanism whereby a neurofibromin/Ras/MEK pathway regulates a critical CIN developmental milestone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Angara
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Emily Ling-Lin Pai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Stephanie M Bilinovich
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - April M Stafford
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Julie T Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Katie X Li
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Anirban Paul
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, PennState University, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - John L Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503;
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
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