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Wang J, Yao C, Lu S, Wang S, Zheng D, Song F, Wan J. Enhanced magnetic anisotropy of iridium dimers on antisite defects of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11798-11806. [PMID: 38566592 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00301b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The combination of transition-metal (TM) elements with two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) provides an effective route to realizing a 2D controllable magnetic order, leading to significant applications in multifunctional nanospintronics. However, in most TM atoms@TMDs nanostructures, it is challenging for the magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) to exceed 30 meV when affected by the crystal field. Hence, the stronger magnetic anisotropy of TMDs has yet to be developed. Here, utilizing first-principle calculations based on density functional theory (DFT), a feasible method to enhance the MAEs of TMDs via configurating iridium dimers (Ir2) on 2D traditional and Janus TMDs with antisite defects is reported. Calculations revealed that 28 of the 54 configurations considered possessed structure-dependent MAEs of >60 meV per Ir2 in the out-of-plane direction, suggesting the potential for applications at room temperature. We also showed the ability to tune the MAE further massively by applying a biaxial strain as well as the surface asymmetric polarization reversal of Janus-type substrates. This approach led to changes to >80 meV per Ir2. This work provides a novel strategy to achieve tunable large magnetic anisotropy in 2D TMDs. It also extends the functionality of antisite-defective TMDs, thereby providing theoretical support for the development of magnetic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Chen Yao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Siqi Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Atomic Manufacture Institute (AMI), 211805 Nanjing, China
| | - Suyun Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Dong Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Atomic Manufacture Institute (AMI), 211805 Nanjing, China
| | - Fengqi Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Atomic Manufacture Institute (AMI), 211805 Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguo Wan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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2
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Zhao L, Wu W, Gao B, Zhao Z, An B, Xu Q. CO 2 Stress-Driven Room Temperature Ferromagnetism of Ultrathin 2D Gallium Oxide. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308187. [PMID: 38016073 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Spintronic devices work by manipulating the spin of electrons other than charge transfer, which is of revolutionary significance and can largely reduce energy consumption in the future. Herein, ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) non-van der Waals (non-vdW) γ-Ga2O3 with room temperature ferromagnetism is successfully obtained by using supercritical CO2 (SC CO2). The stress effect of SC CO2 under different pressures selectively modulates the orientation and strength of covalent bonds, leading to the change of atomic structure including lattice expansion, introduction of O vacancy, and transition of Ga-O coordination (GaO4 and GaO6). Magnetic measurements show that pristine γ-Ga2O3 is nonferromagnetic, whereas the SC CO2 treated γ-Ga2O3 exhibits obvious ferromagnetic behavior with an optimal magnetization of 0.025 emu g-1 and a Curie temperature of 300 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyu Zhao
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenzhuo Wu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bo Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhao
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bin An
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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3
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Coelho PM. Magnetic doping in transition metal dichalcogenides. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:203001. [PMID: 38324890 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad271b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are materials with unique electronic properties due to their two-dimensional nature. Recently, there is a large and growing interest in synthesizing ferromagnetic TMDCs for applications in electronic devices and spintronics. Apart from intrinsically magnetic examples, modification via either intrinsic defects or external dopants may induce ferromagnetism in non-magnetic TMDCs and, hence expand the application of these materials. Here, we review recent experimental work on intrinsically non-magnetic TMDCs that present ferromagnetism as a consequence of either intrinsic defects or doping via self-flux approach, ion implantation or e-beam evaporation. The experimental work discussed here is organized by modification/doping mechanism. We also review current work on density functional theory calculations that predict ferromagnetism in doped systems, which also serve as preliminary data for the choice of new doped TMDCs to be explored experimentally. Implementing a controlled process to induce magnetism in two-dimensional materials is key for technological development and this topical review discusses the fundamental procedures while presenting promising materials to be investigated in order to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mariel Coelho
- Department of Physics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
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Ortiz Jimenez V, Pham YTH, Zhou D, Liu M, Nugera FA, Kalappattil V, Eggers T, Hoang K, Duong DL, Terrones M, Rodriguez Gutiérrez H, Phan M. Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Making Atomic-Level Magnetism Tunable with Light at Room Temperature. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304792. [PMID: 38072638 PMCID: PMC10870067 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The capacity to manipulate magnetization in 2D dilute magnetic semiconductors (2D-DMSs) using light, specifically in magnetically doped transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers (M-doped TX2 , where M = V, Fe, and Cr; T = W, Mo; X = S, Se, and Te), may lead to innovative applications in spintronics, spin-caloritronics, valleytronics, and quantum computation. This Perspective paper explores the mediation of magnetization by light under ambient conditions in 2D-TMD DMSs and heterostructures. By combining magneto-LC resonance (MLCR) experiments with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we show that the magnetization can be enhanced using light in V-doped TMD monolayers (e.g., V-WS2 , V-WSe2 ). This phenomenon is attributed to excess holes in the conduction and valence bands, and carriers trapped in magnetic doping states, mediating the magnetization of the semiconducting layer. In 2D-TMD heterostructures (VSe2 /WS2 , VSe2 /MoS2 ), the significance of proximity, charge-transfer, and confinement effects in amplifying light-mediated magnetism is demonstrated. We attributed this to photon absorption at the TMD layer that generates electron-hole pairs mediating the magnetization of the heterostructure. These findings will encourage further research in the field of 2D magnetism and establish a novel design of 2D-TMDs and heterostructures with optically tunable magnetic functionalities, paving the way for next-generation magneto-optic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Ortiz Jimenez
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of South FloridaTampaFL33620USA
- Nanoscale Device Characterization DivisionNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD20899USA
| | | | - Da Zhou
- Department of PhysicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Mingzu Liu
- Department of PhysicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | | | | | - Tatiana Eggers
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of South FloridaTampaFL33620USA
| | - Khang Hoang
- Center for Computationally Assisted Science and Technology and Department of PhysicsNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND58108USA
| | - Dinh Loc Duong
- Department of PhysicsMontana State UniversityBozemanMT59717USA
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of PhysicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | | | - Manh‐Huong Phan
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of South FloridaTampaFL33620USA
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Wu S, Dai M, Li H, Li R, Han Z, Hu W, Zhao Z, Hou Y, Gou H, Zou R, Chen Y, Luo X, Zhao X. Atomically Unraveling Highly Crystalline Self-Intercalated Tantalum Sulfide with Correlated Stacking Registry-Dependent Magnetism. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:378-385. [PMID: 38117785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
In self-intercalated two-dimensional (ic-2D) materials, understanding the local chemical environment and the topology of the filling site remains elusive, and the subsequent correlation with the macroscopically manifested physical properties has rarely been investigated. Herein, highly crystalline gram-scale ic-2D Ta1.33S2 crystals were successfully grown by the high-pressure high-temperature method. Employing combined atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy annular dark field imaging and density functional theory calculations, we systematically unveiled the atomic structures of an atlas of stacking registries in a well-defined √3(a) × √3(a) Ta1.33S2 superlattice. Ferromagnetic order was observed in the AC' stacking registry, and it evolves into an antiferromagnetic state in AA/AB/AB' stacking registries; the AA' stacking registry shows ferrimagnetic ordering. Therefore, we present a novel approach for fabricating large-scale highly crystalline ic-2D crystals and shed light on a powerful means of modulating the magnetic order of ic-2D systems via stacking engineering, i.e., stackingtronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Minzhi Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hang Li
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runlai Li
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ziyi Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenchao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zijing Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanglong Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huiyang Gou
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruqiang Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongjin Chen
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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6
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Gao Z, Xin B, Chen J, Liu Z, Yao R, Ai W, He Y, Xu L, Cheng TH, Wang WH, Luo F. Above-Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in Copper-Doped Two-Dimensional Chromium-Based Nanosheets. ACS NANO 2024; 18:703-712. [PMID: 38133597 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional ferromagnetic materials (2D-FMs) are expected to become ideal candidates for low-power, high-density information storage in next-generation spintronics devices due to their atomically ultrathin and intriguing magnetic properties. However, 2D-FMs with room-temperature Curie temperatures (Tc) are still rarely reported, which greatly hinders their research progress and practical applications. Herein, ultrathin Cu-doped Cr7Te8 FMs were successfully prepared and can achieve above-room-temperature ferromagnetism with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy via a facile chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, which can be controlled down to an atomic thin layer of ∼3.4 nm. STEM-EDX quantitative analysis shows that the proportion of Cu to metal atoms is ∼5%. Moreover, based on the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) measurements in a six-terminal Hall bar device without any encapsulation as well as an out-of-plane magnetic field, the maximum Tc achieved ∼315 K when the thickness of the sample is ∼28.8 nm; even the ultrathin 7.6 nm sample possessed a near-room-temperature Tc of ∼275 K. Meanwhile, theoretical calculations elucidated the mechanism of the ferromagnetic enhancement of Cu-doped Cr7Te8 nanosheets. More importantly, the ferromagnetism of CVD-synthesized Cu-doped CrSe nanosheets can also be maintained above room temperature. Our work broadens the scope on room-temperature ferromagnets and their heterojunctions, promoting fundamental research and practical applications in next-generation spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhansheng Gao
- Center for the Physics of Low-Dimensional Materials, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, Smart Sensor Interdisciplinary Science Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Baojuan Xin
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology (MOE), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiabiao Chen
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, Smart Sensor Interdisciplinary Science Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhaochao Liu
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, Smart Sensor Interdisciplinary Science Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Rui Yao
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology (MOE), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei Ai
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, Smart Sensor Interdisciplinary Science Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuyu He
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, Smart Sensor Interdisciplinary Science Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lingyun Xu
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology (MOE), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tong-Huai Cheng
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, Smart Sensor Interdisciplinary Science Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology (MOE), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, Smart Sensor Interdisciplinary Science Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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7
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Liu H, Wu F, Liu XY, Yu J, Liu YT, Ding B. Multiscale Synergetic Bandgap/Structure Engineering in Semiconductor Nanofibrous Aerogels for Enhanced Solar Evaporation. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11907-11915. [PMID: 38095425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven interface evaporation has been identified as a sustainable seawater desalination and water purification technology. Nonetheless, the evaporation performance is still restricted by salt deposition and heat loss owing to weak solar spectrum absorption, tortuous channels, and limited plane area of conventional photothermal material. Herein, the semiconductor nanofibrous aerogels with a narrow bandgap, vertically aligned channels, and a conical architecture are constructed by the multiscale synergetic engineering strategy, encompassing bandgap engineering at the atomic scale and structure engineering at the nano-micro scale. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, a Co-doped MoS2 nanofibrous aerogel is synthesized, which exhibits the entire solar absorption, superhydrophilic, and excellent thermal insulation, achieving a net evaporation rate of 1.62 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 sun irradiation, as well as a synergistically efficient dye ion adsorption function. This work opens up new possibilities for the development of solar evaporators for practical applications in clean water production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualei Liu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yi-Tao Liu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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8
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Wang Y, Xu W, Fu L, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Wu L, Yang D, Peng S, Ning J, Zhang C, Cui X, Zhong W, Liu Y, Xiong Q, Han G, Hao Y. Realization of Robust and Ambient-Stable Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in Wide Bandgap Semiconductor 2D Carbon Nitride Sheets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54797-54807. [PMID: 37962367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to their weak intrinsic spin-orbit coupling and a distinct bandgap of 3.06 eV, 2D carbon nitride (CN) flakes are promising materials for next-generation spintronic devices. However, achieving strong room-temperature (RT) and ambient-stable ferromagnetism (FM) remains a huge challenge. Here, we demonstrate that the strong RT FM with a high Curie temperature (TC) up to ∼400 K and saturation magnetization (Ms) of 2.91 emu/g can be achieved. Besides, the RT FM exhibits excellent air stability, with Ms remaining stable for over 6 months. Through the magneto-optic Kerr effect, Hall device, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, and magnetic force microscopy measurements, we acquired clear evidence of magnetic behavior and magnetic domain evolutions at room temperature. Electrical and optical measurements confirm that the Co-doped CN retains its semiconductor properties. Detailed structural characterizations confirm that the single-atom Co coordination and nitrogen defects as well as C-C covalent bonds are simultaneously introduced into CN. Density functional theory calculations reveal that introducing C-C bonds causes carrier spin polarization, and spin-polarized carrier-mediated magnetic exchange between adjacent Co atoms leads to long-range magnetic ordering in CN. We believe that our findings provide a strong experimental foundation for the enormous potential of 2D wide bandgap semiconductor spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- Emerging Device and Chip Laboratory, Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Wei Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Physics, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yizhang Wu
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Liting Wu
- Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- Emerging Device and Chip Laboratory, Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Dingyi Yang
- Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- Emerging Device and Chip Laboratory, Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Shouzhong Peng
- Fert Beijing Institute, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jing Ning
- Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Xuan Cui
- Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- Emerging Device and Chip Laboratory, Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Genquan Han
- Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- Emerging Device and Chip Laboratory, Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Yue Hao
- Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- Emerging Device and Chip Laboratory, Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311200, China
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9
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Li Y, Wang K, Wang Y, Qian Z, Huang W, Wang J, Yang Q, Wang H, Liao J, Hussain S, Xie L, Qi J. Synthesis of component-controllable monolayer Mo xW (1-x)S 2ySe 2(1-y) alloys with continuously tunable band gap and carrier type. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34464-34474. [PMID: 38024984 PMCID: PMC10667966 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07065d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alloying can effectively modify electronic and optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). However, efficient and simple methods to synthesize atomically thin TMD alloys need to be further developed. In this study, we synthesized 25 monolayer MoxW(1-x)S2ySe2(1-y) alloys by using a new liquid phase edge epitaxy (LPEE) growth method with high controllability. This straightforward approach can be used to obtain monolayer materials and operates on a self-limiting growth mechanism. The process allows the liquid solution to come into contact with the two-dimensional grains only at their edges, resulting in epitaxy confined only along the in-plane direction, which produces exclusively monolayer epitaxy. By controlling the weight ratio of MoS2/WSe2 (MoSe2/WS2), 25 monolayer MoxW(1-x)S2ySe2(1-y) alloys with different atomic ratios can be obtained on sapphire substrates, with band gap ranging from WS2 (1.55 eV) to MoSe2 (1.99 eV) and a continuously broad spectrum ranging from 623 nm to 800 nm. By adjusting the alloy composition, the carrier type and carrier mobility of alloy-based field-effect transistors can be modulated. In particular, the adjustable conductivity of MoxW(1-x)S2ySe2(1-y) alloys from n-type to bipolar type is achieved for the first time. This general synthetic strategy provides a foundation for the development of monolayer TMD alloys with multiple components and various 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Kangkang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Ziyue Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Junqi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Qichao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Honggang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Junyi Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Sabir Hussain
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Liming Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Junjie Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China
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10
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Maity D, Sharma R, Sahoo KR, Panda JJ, Lal A, Puthirath AB, Ajayan PM, Narayanan TN. On the electronic and spin-valley coupling of vanadium doped MoS 2(1-x)Se 2xmonolayers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:505002. [PMID: 37708898 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acf9d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Monolayers of MoS2with tunable bandgap and valley positions are highly demanding for their applications in opto-spintronics. Herein, selenium (Se) and vanadium (V) co-doped MoS2monolayers (vanadium doped MoS2(1-x)Se2x(V-MoSSe)) are developed and showed their variations in the electronic and optical properties with dopant content. Vanadium gets substitutionally (in place of Mo) doped within the MoS2lattice while selenium doped in place of sulfur, as shown by a detailed microstructure and spectroscopy analyses. The bandgap tunability with selenium doping can be achieved while valley shift is occurred due to the doping of vanadium. Chemical vapor deposition assisted grown MoS2(also selenium doped MoS2as shown here) is known for its n-type transport behavior while vanadium doping is found to be changing its nature to p-doping. Chirality dependent photoexcitation studies indicate a room temperature valley splitting in V-MoSSe (∼8 meV), where such a valley splitting is verified using density functional theory based calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Maity
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-Hyderabad, Serilingampally Mandal, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-Hyderabad, Serilingampally Mandal, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Krishna Rani Sahoo
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-Hyderabad, Serilingampally Mandal, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Janmey Jay Panda
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-Hyderabad, Serilingampally Mandal, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Ashique Lal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-Hyderabad, Serilingampally Mandal, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Anand B Puthirath
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States of America
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States of America
| | - Tharangattu N Narayanan
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-Hyderabad, Serilingampally Mandal, Hyderabad 500046, India
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11
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Li X, Yang J, Sun H, Huang L, Li H, Shi J. Controlled Synthesis and Accurate Doping of Wafer-Scale 2D Semiconducting Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305115. [PMID: 37406665 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
2D semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDCs) possess atomically thin thickness, a dangling-bond-free surface, flexible band structure, and silicon-compatible feature, making them one of the most promising channels for constructing state-of-the-art field-effect transistors in the post-Moore's era. However, the existing 2D semiconducting TMDCs fall short of meeting the industry criteria for practical applications in electronics due to their small domain size and the lack of an effective approach to modulate intrinsic physical properties. Therefore, it is crucial to prepare and dope 2D semiconducting TMDCs single crystals with wafer size. In this review, the up-to-date progress regarding the wafer-scale growth of 2D semiconducting TMDC polycrystalline and single-crystal films is systematically summarized. The domain orientation control of 2D TMDCs and the seamless stitching of unidirectionally aligned 2D islands by means of substrate design are proposed. In addition, the accurate and uniform doping of 2D semiconducting TMDCs and the effect on electronic device performances are also discussed. Finally, the dominating challenges pertaining to the enhancement of the electronic device performances of TMDCs are emphasized, and further development directions are put forward. This review provides a systematic and in-depth summary of high-performance device applications of 2D semiconducting TMDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hang Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ling Huang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Shi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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12
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Li H, Yang J, Li X, Luo Q, Cheng M, Feng W, Du R, Wang Y, Song L, Wen X, Wen Y, Xiao M, Liao L, Zhang Y, Shi J, He J. Bridging Synthesis and Controllable Doping of Monolayer 4 in. Length Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides Single Crystals with High Electron Mobility. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211536. [PMID: 36929175 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial growth and controllable doping of wafer-scale atomically thin semiconductor single crystals are two central tasks to tackle the scaling challenge of transistors. Despite considerable efforts are devoted, addressing such crucial issues simultaneously under 2D confinement is yet to be realized. Here, an ingenious strategy to synthesize record-breaking 4 in. length Fe-doped transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) single crystals on industry-compatible c-plane sapphire without special miscut angle is designed. Atomically thin transistors with high electron mobility (≈146 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) and remarkable on/off current ratio (≈109 ) are fabricated based on 4 in. length Fe-MoS2 single crystals, due to the ultralow contact resistance (≈489 Ω µm). In-depth characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the introduction of Fe significantly decreases the formation energy of parallel steps on sapphire surfaces and contributes to the edge-nucleation of unidirectional alignment TMDCs domains (>99%). This work represents a substantial leap in terms of bridging synthesis and doping of wafer-scale 2D semiconductor single crystals, which should promote the further device downscaling and extension of Moore's law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Quankun Luo
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Mo Cheng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wang Feng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ruofan Du
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Luying Song
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xia Wen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Xiao
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Shi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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13
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Sun T, Tang Z, Zang W, Li Z, Li J, Li Z, Cao L, Dominic Rodriguez JS, Mariano COM, Xu H, Lyu P, Hai X, Lin H, Sheng X, Shi J, Zheng Y, Lu YR, He Q, Chen J, Novoselov KS, Chuang CH, Xi S, Luo X, Lu J. Ferromagnetic single-atom spin catalyst for boosting water splitting. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023:10.1038/s41565-023-01407-1. [PMID: 37231143 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous single-atom spin catalysts combined with magnetic fields provide a powerful means for accelerating chemical reactions with enhanced metal utilization and reaction efficiency. However, designing these catalysts remains challenging due to the need for a high density of atomically dispersed active sites with a short-range quantum spin exchange interaction and long-range ferromagnetic ordering. Here, we devised a scalable hydrothermal approach involving an operando acidic environment for synthesizing various single-atom spin catalysts with widely tunable substitutional magnetic atoms (M1) in a MoS2 host. Among all the M1/MoS2 species, Ni1/MoS2 adopts a distorted tetragonal structure that prompts both ferromagnetic coupling to nearby S atoms as well as adjacent Ni1 sites, resulting in global room-temperature ferromagnetism. Such coupling benefits spin-selective charge transfer in oxygen evolution reactions to produce triplet O2. Furthermore, a mild magnetic field of ~0.5 T enhances the oxygen evolution reaction magnetocurrent by ~2,880% over Ni1/MoS2, leading to excellent activity and stability in both seawater and pure water splitting cells. As supported by operando characterizations and theoretical calculations, a great magnetic-field-enhanced oxygen evolution reaction performance over Ni1/MoS2 is attributed to a field-induced spin alignment and spin density optimization over S active sites arising from field-regulated S(p)-Ni(d) hybridization, which in turn optimizes the adsorption energies for radical intermediates to reduce overall reaction barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering to College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zejun Li
- School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhihao Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Jan Sebastian Dominic Rodriguez
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Haomin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pin Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao Hai
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huihui Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyu Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiwei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Zheng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Rui Lu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Qian He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering to College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingsheng Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering to College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kostya S Novoselov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering to College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Hao Chuang
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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14
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Fang M, Yang EH. Advances in Two-Dimensional Magnetic Semiconductors via Substitutional Doping of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103701. [PMID: 37241328 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are two-dimensional (2D) materials with remarkable electrical, optical, and chemical properties. One promising strategy to tailor the properties of TMDs is to create alloys through a dopant-induced modification. Dopants can introduce additional states within the bandgap of TMDs, leading to changes in their optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. This paper overviews chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods to introduce dopants into TMD monolayers, and discusses the advantages, limitations, and their impacts on the structural, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of substitutionally doped TMDs. The dopants in TMDs modify the density and type of carriers in the material, thereby influencing the optical properties of the materials. The magnetic moment and circular dichroism in magnetic TMDs are also strongly affected by doping, which enhances the magnetic signal in the material. Finally, we highlight the different doping-induced magnetic properties of TMDs, including superexchange-induced ferromagnetism and valley Zeeman shift. Overall, this review paper provides a comprehensive summary of magnetic TMDs synthesized via CVD, which can guide future research on doped TMDs for various applications, such as spintronics, optoelectronics, and magnetic memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Eui-Hyeok Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
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15
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Dutta D, Mukherjee S, Uzhansky M, Mohapatra PK, Ismach A, Koren E. Edge-Based Two-Dimensional α-In 2Se 3-MoS 2 Ferroelectric Field Effect Device. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18505-18515. [PMID: 37000129 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructures based on two-dimensional materials offer the possibility to achieve synergistic functionalities, which otherwise remain secluded by their individual counterparts. Herein, ferroelectric polarization switching in α-In2Se3 has been utilized to engineer multilevel nonvolatile conduction states in a partially overlapping α-In2Se3-MoS2-based ferroelectric semiconducting field effect device. In particular, we demonstrate how the intercoupled ferroelectric nature of α-In2Se3 allows to nonvolatilely switch between n-i and n-i-n type junction configurations based on a novel edge state actuation mechanism, paving the way for subnanometric scale nonvolatile device miniaturization. Furthermore, the induced asymmetric polarization enables enhanced photogenerated carriers' separation, resulting in an extremely high photoresponse of ∼1275 A/W in the visible range and strong nonvolatile modulation of the bright A- and B- excitonic emission channels in the overlaying MoS2 monolayer. Our results show significant potential to harness the switchable polarization in partially overlapping α-In2Se3-MoS2 based FeFETs to engineer multimodal, nonvolatile nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debopriya Dutta
- Nanoscale Electronic Materials and Devices Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Subhrajit Mukherjee
- Nanoscale Electronic Materials and Devices Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Michael Uzhansky
- Nanoscale Electronic Materials and Devices Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Pranab K Mohapatra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ariel Ismach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Elad Koren
- Nanoscale Electronic Materials and Devices Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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16
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Anbalagan AK, Hu FC, Chan WK, Gandhi AC, Gupta S, Chaudhary M, Chuang KW, Ramesh AK, Billo T, Sabbah A, Chiang CY, Tseng YC, Chueh YL, Wu SY, Tai NH, Chen HYT, Lee CH. Gamma-Ray Irradiation Induced Ultrahigh Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in MoS 2 Sputtered Few-Layered Thin Films. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6555-6564. [PMID: 36951422 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Defect engineering is of great interest to the two-dimensional (2D) materials community. If nonmagnetic transition-metal dichalcogenides can possess room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) induced by defects, then they will be ideal for application as spintronic materials and also for studying the relation between electronic and magnetic properties of quantum-confined structures. Thus, in this work, we aimed to study gamma-ray irradiation effects on MoS2, which is diamagnetic in nature. We found that gamma-ray exposure up to 9 kGy on few-layered (3.5 nm) MoS2 films induces an ultrahigh saturation magnetization of around 610 emu/cm3 at RT, whereas no significant changes were observed in the structure and magnetism of bulk MoS2 (40 nm) films even after gamma-ray irradiation. The RTFM in a few-layered gamma-ray irradiated sample is most likely due to the bound magnetic polaron created by the spin interaction of Mo 4d ions with trapped electrons present at sulfur vacancies. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the defect containing one Mo and two S vacancies is the dominant defect inducing the RTFM in MoS2. These DFT results are consistent with Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ESR spectroscopy results, and they confirm the breakage of Mo and S bonds and the existence of vacancies after gamma-ray irradiation. Overall, this study suggests that the occurrence of magnetism in gamma-ray irradiated MoS2 few-layered films could be attributed to the synergistic effects of magnetic moments arising from the existence of both Mo and S vacancies as well as lattice distortion of the MoS2 structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Kumar Anbalagan
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chi Hu
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Weng Kent Chan
- College of Semiconductor Research, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ashish Chhaganlal Gandhi
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shivam Gupta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Mayur Chaudhary
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Chuang
- Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Akhil K Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Center for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Tadesse Billo
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Amr Sabbah
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Chiang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chieh Tseng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Sheng Yun Wu
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Nyan-Hwa Tai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Tiffany Chen
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- College of Semiconductor Research, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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17
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Thoutam LR, Mathew R, Ajayan J, Tayal S, Nair SV. A critical review of fabrication challenges and reliability issues in top/bottom gated MoS 2field-effect transistors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:232001. [PMID: 36731113 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acb826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The voyage of semiconductor industry to decrease the size of transistors to achieve superior device performance seems to near its physical dimensional limitations. The quest is on to explore emerging material systems that offer dimensional scaling to match the silicon- based technologies. The discovery of atomic flat two-dimensional materials has opened up a completely new avenue to fabricate transistors at sub-10 nanometer level which has the potential to compete with modern silicon-based semiconductor devices. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a two-dimensional layered material with novel semiconducting properties at atomic level seems like a promising candidate that can possibly meet the expectation of Moore's law. This review discusses the various 'fabrication challenges' in making MoS2based electronic devices from start to finish. The review outlines the intricate challenges of substrate selection and various synthesis methods of mono layer and few-layer MoS2. The review focuses on the various techniques and methods to minimize interface defect density at substrate/MoS2interface for optimum MoS2-based device performance. The tunable band-gap of MoS2with varying thickness presents a unique opportunity for contact engineering to mitigate the contact resistance issue using different elemental metals. In this work, we present a comprehensive overview of different types of contact materials with myriad geometries that show a profound impact on device performance. The choice of different insulating/dielectric gate oxides on MoS2in co-planar and vertical geometry is critically reviewed and the physical feasibility of the same is discussed. The experimental constraints of different encapsulation techniques on MoS2and its effect on structural and electronic properties are extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Raju Thoutam
- Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Ribu Mathew
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, 466114, India
| | - J Ajayan
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SR University, Warangal, 506371, India
| | - Shubham Tayal
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SR University, Warangal, 506371, India
| | - Shantikumar V Nair
- Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi 682041, India
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18
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Dang N, Kozlenko DP, Lis ON, Kichanov SE, Lukin YV, Golosova NO, Savenko BN, Duong D, Phan T, Tran T, Phan M. High Pressure-Driven Magnetic Disorder and Structural Transformation in Fe 3 GeTe 2 : Emergence of a Magnetic Quantum Critical Point. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206842. [PMID: 36698300 PMCID: PMC10037988 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among the recently discovered 2D intrinsic van der Waals (vdW) magnets, Fe3 GeTe2 (FGT) has emerged as a strong candidate for spintronics applications, due to its high Curie temperature (130 - 220 K) and magnetic tunability in response to external stimuli (electrical field, light, strain). Theory predicts that the magnetism of FGT can be significantly modulated by an external strain. However, experimental evidence is needed to validate this prediction and understand the underlying mechanism of strain-mediated vdW magnetism in this system. Here, the effects of pressure (0 - 20 GPa) are elucidated on the magnetic and structural properties of Fe3 GeTe2 by means of synchrotron Mössbauer source spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy over a wide temperature range of 10 - 290 K. A strong suppression of ferromagnetic ordering is observed with increasing pressure, and a paramagnetic ground state emerges when pressure exceeds a critical value, PPM ≈ 15 GPa. The anomalous pressure dependence of structural parameters and vibrational modes is observed at PC ≈ 7 GPa and attributed to an isostructural phase transformation. Density functional theory calculations complement these experimental findings. This study highlights pressure as a driving force for magnetic quantum criticality in layered vdW magnetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc‐Toan Dang
- Institute of Research and DevelopmentDuy Tan UniversityDa Nang550000Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Natural SciencesDuy Tan UniversityDa Nang550000Vietnam
| | | | - Olga N. Lis
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron PhysicsJINRMoscow Reg.Dubna141980Russia
- Kazan Federal UniversityKazan420008Russia
| | | | | | | | - Boris N. Savenko
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron PhysicsJINRMoscow Reg.Dubna141980Russia
| | - Dinh‐Loc Duong
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure PhysicsInstitute for Basic ScienceSuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - The‐Long Phan
- Faculty of Engineering Physics and NanotechnologyVNU‐University of Engineering and Technology144 Xuan Thuy, Cau GiayHa Noi100000Vietnam
| | - Tuan‐Anh Tran
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and EducationHo Chi Minh700000Vietnam
| | - Manh‐Huong Phan
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of South FloridaTampaFL33620USA
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19
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Sun J, Tan Z, Ye H, Bai D, Wang J. Enhanced Curie temperature and conductivity of van der Waals ferromagnet MgV 2S 4via electrostatic doping. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5878-5884. [PMID: 36748839 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05294f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A van der Waals intrinsic ferromagnet with double magnetic atom layers is of great interest for both revealing fundamental physics and exploring promising applications in low-dimensional spintronics. Here, the magnetic and electronic properties of the van der Waals ferromagnet MgV2S4 monolayer are studied under electrostatic doping using first-principles calculations. A MgV2S4 monolayer presents the desired physical properties such as that of being a half-semiconductor with a direct bandgap of 1.21 eV and a ferromagnetic ground state, and having a high Curie temperature of 462 K. Unlike the robust ferromagnetic ground state, magnetic anisotropy and Curie temperature are sensitive to electrostatic doping. Meanwhile, the transition from a semiconductor to a half-metal and the significant improvement in conductivity under electrostatic doping make the MgV2S4 monolayer a promising candidate for low-dimensional spintronic field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Zheng Tan
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Haoshen Ye
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China. .,School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Dongmei Bai
- School of Mathematics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Jianli Wang
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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20
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Zhang T, Liu M, Fujisawa K, Lucking M, Beach K, Zhang F, Shanmugasundaram M, Krayev A, Murray W, Lei Y, Yu Z, Sanchez D, Liu Z, Terrones H, Elías AL, Terrones M. Spatial Control of Substitutional Dopants in Hexagonal Monolayer WS 2 : The Effect of Edge Termination. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205800. [PMID: 36587989 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the density and spatial distribution of substitutional dopants in semiconductors is crucial for achieving desired physicochemical properties. Substitutional doping with adjustable doping levels has been previously demonstrated in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs); however, the spatial control of dopant distribution remains an open field. In this work, edge termination is demonstrated as an important characteristic of 2D TMD monocrystals that affects the distribution of substitutional dopants. Particularly, in chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown monolayer WS2 , it is found that a higher density of transition metal dopants is always incorporated in sulfur-terminated domains when compared to tungsten-terminated domains. Two representative examples demonstrate this spatial distribution control, including hexagonal iron- and vanadium-doped WS2 monolayers. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are further performed, indicating that the edge-dependent dopant distribution is due to a strong binding of tungsten atoms at tungsten-zigzag edges, resulting in the formation of open sites at sulfur-zigzag edges that enable preferential dopant incorporation. Based on these results, it is envisioned that edge termination in crystalline TMD monolayers can be utilized as a novel and effective knob for engineering the spatial distribution of substitutional dopants, leading to in-plane hetero-/multi-junctions that display fascinating electronic, optoelectronic, and magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mingzu Liu
- Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kazunori Fujisawa
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Michael Lucking
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Kory Beach
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Fu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | | | | | - William Murray
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yu Lei
- Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhuohang Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - David Sanchez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Humberto Terrones
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Ana Laura Elías
- Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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21
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Giri A, Park G, Jeong U. Layer-Structured Anisotropic Metal Chalcogenides: Recent Advances in Synthesis, Modulation, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3329-3442. [PMID: 36719999 PMCID: PMC10103142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The unique electronic and catalytic properties emerging from low symmetry anisotropic (1D and 2D) metal chalcogenides (MCs) have generated tremendous interest for use in next generation electronics, optoelectronics, electrochemical energy storage devices, and chemical sensing devices. Despite many proof-of-concept demonstrations so far, the full potential of anisotropic chalcogenides has yet to be investigated. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress made in the synthesis, mechanistic understanding, property modulation strategies, and applications of the anisotropic chalcogenides. It begins with an introduction to the basic crystal structures, and then the unique physical and chemical properties of 1D and 2D MCs. Controlled synthetic routes for anisotropic MC crystals are summarized with example advances in the solution-phase synthesis, vapor-phase synthesis, and exfoliation. Several important approaches to modulate dimensions, phases, compositions, defects, and heterostructures of anisotropic MCs are discussed. Recent significant advances in applications are highlighted for electronics, optoelectronic devices, catalysts, batteries, supercapacitors, sensing platforms, and thermoelectric devices. The article ends with prospects for future opportunities and challenges to be addressed in the academic research and practical engineering of anisotropic MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP-211002, India
| | - Gyeongbae Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk790-784, Korea.,Functional Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gwahakdanji-ro 137-41, Sacheon-myeon, Gangneung, Gangwon-do25440, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk790-784, Korea
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22
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An Efficient, Short Stimulus PANC-1 Cancer Cell Ablation and Electrothermal Therapy Driven by Hydrophobic Interactions. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010106. [PMID: 36678734 PMCID: PMC9867450 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Promising results in clinical studies have been demonstrated by the utilization of electrothermal agents (ETAs) in cancer therapy. However, a difficulty arises from the balance between facilitating the degradation of ETAs, and at the same time, increasing the electrothermal performance/stability required for highly efficient treatment. In this study, we controlled the thermal signature of the MoS2 by harnessing MoS2 nanostructures with M13 phage (MNM) via the structural assembling (hydrophobic interaction) phenomena and developed a combined PANC-1 cancer cell-MNM alternating current (AC)-stimulus framework for cancer cell ablation and electrothermal therapy. A percentage decrease in the cell viability of ~23% was achieved, as well as a degradation time of 2 weeks; a stimulus length of 100 μs was also achieved. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed the assembling kinetics in integrated M13 phage-cancer cell protein systems and the structural origin of the hydrophobic interaction-enabled increase in thermal conduction. This study not only introduced an 'ideal' agent that avoided the limitations of ETAs but also provided a proof-of-concept application of MoS2-based materials in efficacious cancer therapy.
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23
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Lin D, Raghuram V, Webb KJ. Determining optical material parameters with motion in structured illumination. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:46010-46019. [PMID: 36558565 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A set of power measurements as a function of controlled nanopositioner movement of a planar film arrangement in a standing wave field is presented as a means to obtain the thicknesses and the dielectric constants to a precision dictated by noise in an exciting laser beam and the positioning and detector process, all of which can be refined with averaging. From a mutual information perspective, knowing the set of positions at which measurements are performed adds information. While applicable to any arrangement of planar films, the implementation considered involves thin transmissive membranes, as are employed in applications such as optomechanics. We show that measured power data as a function of object position provides sensitivity to the film refractive index and far-subwavelength thickness. Use of a cost function allows iterative retrieval of the film parameters, and a multi-resolution framework is described as a computationally efficient procedure. The approach is complementary to ellipsometry and could play an important role in routine film characterization studies for fields involving solid state material processing, as is common in the semiconductor device field.
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24
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Al-Khaldi A, Fadlallah MM, Alhajri F, Maarouf AA. Hybrid G/BN@2H-MoS 2 Nanomaterial Composites: Structural, Electronic and Molecular Adsorption Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4351. [PMID: 36558204 PMCID: PMC9784729 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid structures often possess superior properties to those of their component materials. This arises from changes in the structural or physical properties of the new materials. Here, we investigate the structural, electronic, and gas-adsorption properties of hybrid structures made from graphene/hexagonal boron nitride and 2H-molybdenum disulfide (G/BN@MoS2) monolayers. We consider hybrid systems in which the G/BN patch is at the Mo plane (model I) and the S plane (model II). We find that the implanted hexagon of G or BN in MoS2 alters its electronic properties: G@MoS2 (I,II) are metallic, while BN@MoS2 (I) is an n-type conducting and BN@MoS2 (II) is semiconducting. We study the molecular adsorption of some diatomic gases (H2, OH, N2, NO, CO), triatomic gases (CO2, NO2, H2S, SO2), and polyatomic gases (COOH, CH4, and NH3) on our hybrid structures while considering multiple initial adsorption sites. Our results suggest that the hybrid systems may be suitable materials for some applications: G@MOS2 (I) for oxygen reduction reactions, BN@MoS2 (I,II) for NH3-based hydrogen production, and G@MoS2 (I) and BN@MoS2 (I,II) for filtration of No, Co, SO2, H2S, and NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Al-Khaldi
- Department of Physics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fawziah Alhajri
- Department of Physics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Maarouf
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo 13411, Egypt
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25
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Gas K, Sawicki M. A Simplified Method of the Assessment of Magnetic Anisotropy of Commonly Used Sapphire Substrates in SQUID Magnetometers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8532. [PMID: 36500027 PMCID: PMC9739591 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state wafers are indispensable components in material science as substrates for epitaxial homo- or heterostructures or carriers for two-dimensional materials. However, reliable determination of magnetic properties of nanomaterials in volume magnetometry is frequently affected by unexpectedly rich magnetism of these substrates, including significant magnetic anisotropy. Here, we describe a simplified experimental routine of magnetic anisotropy assessment, which we exemplify and validate for epi-ready sapphire wafers from various sources. Both the strength and the sign of magnetic anisotropy are obtained from carefully designed temperature-dependent measurements, which mitigate all known pitfalls of volume SQUID magnetometry and are substantially faster than traditional approaches. Our measurements indicate that in all the samples, two types of net paramagnetic contributions coexist with diamagnetism. The first one can be as strong as 10% of the base diamagnetism of sapphire [-3.7(1) × 10-7 emu/gOe], and when exceeds 2%, it exhibits pronounced magnetic anisotropy, with the easy axis oriented perpendicularly to the face of c-plane wafers. The other is much weaker, but exhibits a ferromagnetic-like appearance. These findings form an important message that nonstandard magnetism of common substrates can significantly influence the results of precise magnetometry of nanoscale materials and that its existence must be taken for granted by both industry and academia.
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26
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Abdullahi YZ, Ahmad S, Ersan F. Exploring room-temperature ferromagnetism in WXBC (X = W, Mn, Fe) monolayers. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28433-28440. [PMID: 36320505 PMCID: PMC9533317 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04488a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal boron-carbide is a novel material that has unique properties suitable for advanced spintronics and storage applications. Through first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we report a new class of stable 2D ceramic WXBC (X = W, Mn, Fe) monolayers. We find that all WXBC monolayers prefer a ferromagnetic ground state with metallic electronic property. DFT calculations proved that WXBC monolayers exhibit good energetic, mechanical, and dynamic stabilities. More importantly, these monolayers exhibit large magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of 1213 μeV, 247 μeV and 20 μeV per magnetic atom for W2BC, WMnBC, and WFeBC, respectively. An out-of-plane easy axis (EA) magnetization direction is found for W2BC whereas the EA for WMnBC and WFeBC are in-plane. By performing Monte Carlo (MC) simulations based on the 2D Heisenberg model, we predict Curie temperatures (TC) of 155 K for the W2BC monolayer. The Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition (BKT) temperature values of WMnBC and WFeBC are as high as 374.69 K and 417.39 K. For further investigations, the adsorption properties of Li, Na, and K atoms on WXBC (atm-WXBC) systems are examined. It is revealed that the initial ferromagnetic metallic properties of bare WXBC monolayers are maintained for all atm-WXBC systems. The obtained strong chemisorption energies are high enough to make adsorbed Li, Na, and K immobile on WXBC surfaces. All these findings demonstrate the unique potential of WXBC monolayers as multifunctional candidates for advanced magnetic device and storage applications. Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal boron-carbide is a novel material that has unique properties suitable for advanced spintronics and storage applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Zuntu Abdullahi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State UniversityP.M.B. 2339 Kaduna StateNigeria
| | - Sohail Ahmad
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid UniversityP O Box 9004AbhaSaudi Arabia
| | - Fatih Ersan
- Department of Physics, Aydin Adnan Menderes UniversityAydin 09010Turkey
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27
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Ali SR, De M. Fe-Doped MoS 2 Nanozyme for Antibacterial Activity and Detoxification of Mustard Gas Simulant. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:42940-42949. [PMID: 36122369 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The peroxidase-like catalytic activity of various nanozymes was extensively applied in various fields. In this study, we have demonstrated the preparation of Fe-doped MoS2 (Fe@MoS2) nanomaterials with enhanced peroxidase-like activity of MoS2 in a co-catalytic pathway. In view of Fenton reaction, the peroxidase-like Fe@MoS2 nanozyme prompted the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to a reactive hydroxyl radical (·OH). The efficient decomposition of H2O2 in the presence of Fe@MoS2 has been employed toward the antibacterial activity and detoxification of mustard gas simulant. The combined effect of Fe@MoS2 and H2O2 showed remarkable antibacterial activity against the drug-resistant bacterial strain methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with the use of minimal concentration of H2O2. Fe@MoS2 was further applied for the detoxification of the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard simulant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, by selective conversion to the nontoxic sulfoxide. This work demonstrates the development of a hybrid nanozyme and its environmental remediation from harmful chemicals to microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Rajab Ali
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mrinmoy De
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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28
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Shen D, Zhao B, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Yang X, Huang Z, Li B, Song R, Jin Y, Wu R, Li B, Li J, Duan X. Synthesis of Group VIII Magnetic Transition-Metal-Doped Monolayer MoSe 2. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10623-10631. [PMID: 35735791 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The limitation on the spintronic applications of van der Waals layered transition-metal dichalcogenide semiconductors is ascribed to the intrinsic nonmagnetic feature. Recent studies have proved that substitutional doping is an effective route to alter the magnetic properties of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). However, highly valid and repeatable substitutional doping of TMDs remains to be developed. Herein, we report group VIII magnetic transition metal-doped molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) single crystals via a one-pot mixed-salt-intermediated chemical vapor deposition method with high controllability and reproducibility. The high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy studies further confirm that the sites of Fe are indeed substitutionally incorporated into the MoSe2 monolayer. The Fe-doped MoSe2 monolayer with a concentration from 0.93% to 6.10% could be obtained by controlling the ratios of FeCl3/Na2MoO4. Moreover, this strategy can be extended to create Co(Ni)-doped MoSe2 monolayers. The magnetic hysteresis (M-H) measurements demonstrate that group VIII magnetic transition-metal-doped MoSe2 samples exhibit room-temperature ferromagnetism. Additionally, the Fe-doped MoSe2 field effect transistor shows n-type semiconductor characteristics, indicating the obtainment of a room-temperature dilute magnetic semiconductor. Our approach is universal in magnetic transition-metal substitutional doping of TMDs, and it inspires further research interest in the study of related spintronic and magnetoelectric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Shen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082, China
| | - Bei Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082, China
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zucheng Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082, China
| | - Bailing Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082, China
| | - Rong Song
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yejun Jin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ruixia Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jia Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xidong Duan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082, China
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29
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Kang T, Tang TW, Pan B, Liu H, Zhang K, Luo Z. Strategies for Controlled Growth of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides by Chemical Vapor Deposition for Integrated Electronics. ACS MATERIALS AU 2022; 2:665-685. [PMID: 36855548 PMCID: PMC9928416 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.2c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD)-based electronics have experienced a prosperous stage of development, and some considerable applications include field-effect transistors, photodetectors, and light-emitting diodes. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), a typical bottom-up approach for preparing 2D materials, is widely used to synthesize large-area 2D TMD films and is a promising method for mass production to implement them for practical applications. In this review, we investigate recent progress in controlled CVD growth of 2D TMDs, aiming for controlled nucleation and orientation, using various CVD strategies such as choice of precursors or substrates, process optimization, and system engineering. We then survey different patterning methods, such as surface patterning, metal precursor patterning, and postgrowth sulfurization/selenization/tellurization, to mass produce heterostructures for device applications. With these strategies, various well-designed architectures, such as wafer-scale single crystals, vertical and lateral heterostructures, patterned structures, and arrays, are achieved. In addition, we further discuss various electronics made from CVD-grown TMDs to demonstrate the diverse application scenarios. Finally, perspectives regarding the current challenges of controlled CVD growth of 2D TMDs are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Kang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao
Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology,
William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong
Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue
Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong
University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Tsz Wing Tang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao
Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology,
William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong
Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue
Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong
University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Baojun Pan
- Macao
Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao
Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology,
William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong
Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue
Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong
University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Kenan Zhang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao
Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology,
William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong
Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue
Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong
University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Zhengtang Luo
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao
Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology,
William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Hong Kong
Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue
Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong
University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P.R. China,
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30
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Zhao H, Zhang G, Yan B, Ning B, Wang C, Zhao Y, Shi X. Substantially Enhanced Properties of 2D WS 2 by High Concentration of Erbium Doping against Tungsten Vacancy Formation. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9840970. [PMID: 35909939 PMCID: PMC9285636 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9840970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Doping in 2D materials is an important method for tuning of band structures. For this purpose, it is important to develop controllable doping techniques. Here, we demonstrate a substitutional doping strategy by erbium (Er) ions in the synthesis of monolayer WS2 by chemical vapor deposition. Substantial enhancements in photoluminescent and photoresponsive properties are achieved, which indicate a tungsten vacancy suppression mechanism by Er filling. Er ion doping in the monolayer WS2 is proved by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), fluorescence, absorption, excitation, and Raman spectra. 11.5 at% of the maximum Er concentration is examined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Over 6 times enhancement of intensities with 7.9 nm redshift in peaks are observed from the fluorescent spectra of Er-doped WS2 monolayers compared with their counterparts of the pristine WS2 monolayers, which agrees well with the density functional theory calculations. In addition, over 11 times of dark current, 469 times of photocurrents, photoresponsivity, and external quantum efficiency, and two orders of photoresponse speed are demonstrated from the Er-doped WS2 photodetector compared with those of the pristine WS2 device. Our findings prove rare-earth doping in 2D materials, the exciting and ideal technique for substantially enhanced photoluminescent and photoresponsive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongquan Zhao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Guoxing Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100064, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100064, China
| | - Bo Ning
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100064, China
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Chunxiang Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Li Z, Tang M, Huang J, Qin F, Ao L, Shen Z, Zhang C, Chen P, Bi X, Qiu C, Yu Z, Zhai K, Ideue T, Wang L, Liu Z, Tian Y, Iwasa Y, Yuan H. Magnetic Anisotropy Control with Curie Temperature above 400 K in a van der Waals Ferromagnet for Spintronic Device. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201209. [PMID: 35448916 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The technological appeal of van der Waals ferromagnetic materials is the ability to control magnetism under external fields with desired thickness toward novel spintronic applications. For practically useful devices, ferromagnetism above room temperature or tunable magnetic anisotropy is highly demanded but remains challenging. To date, only a few layered materials exhibit unambiguous ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature via gating techniques or interface engineering. Here, it is demonstrated that the magnetic anisotropy control and dramatic modulation of Curie temperature (Tc ) up to 400 K are realized in layered Fe5 GeTe2 via the high-pressure diamond-anvil-cell technique. Magnetic phases manifesting with in-plane anisotropic, out-of-plane anisotropic and nearly isotropic magnetic states can be tuned in a controllable way, depicted by the phase diagram with a maximum Tc up to 360 K. Remarkably, the Tc can be gradually enhanced to above 400 K owing to the Fermi surface evolution during a pressure loading-deloading process. Such an observation sheds light on the understanding and control of emergent magnetic states in practical spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeya Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Ming Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Junwei Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Feng Qin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Lingyi Ao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Caorong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Peng Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xiangyu Bi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Caiyu Qiu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Kun Zhai
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Toshiya Ideue
- Quantum Phase Electronic Center and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Lin Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Yongjun Tian
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Yoshihiro Iwasa
- Quantum Phase Electronic Center and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hongtao Yuan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
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32
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Deng J, Zhou Z, Chen J, Cheng Z, Liu J, Wang Z. Vanadium-Doped Molybdenum Diselenide Atomic Layers with Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200162. [PMID: 35593048 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional diluted magnetic semiconductors with high Curie temperature are highly sought after because of their potential applications in spintronics. Development of new techniques for preparation of high quanlity diluted magnetic semiconductors is critical for their applications. In this study, vanadium-doped molybdenum selenide, a new diluted magnetic semiconductor, was synthesized by a single-step chemical vapor deposition method. The merit of this method is that the molybdenum and vanadium precursors can be supplied to the growth substrate uniformly. Photoluminescence measurements reveal that the band gap of MoSe 2 decreases after doping, which can be attributed to the formation of impurity energy band caused by p-type doping at the valence band maximum. Thus, the V-doped MoSe 2 still maintains the semiconducting characteristics. Vibrating sample magnetometer studies clearly show the ferromagnetism of V-doped MoSe 2 at room temperature. DFT calculations illustrates the joint contribution of V dopants and nearby atoms to the magnetic moments. This study provides future prospects for the multifunctional application of two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Deng
- Renmin University of China, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Zhonghao Zhou
- Renmin University of China, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Jinglong Chen
- Renmin University of China, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Zhihai Cheng
- Renmin University of China, Department of Physics, CHINA
| | - Jia Liu
- China Electronics Technology Group Corporation 38th Research Institute, No. 24, CHINA
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Renmin University of China, Department of Chemistry, Zhongguancun Street, 100872, Beijing, CHINA
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33
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Li H, Cheng M, Wang P, Du R, Song L, He J, Shi J. Reducing Contact Resistance and Boosting Device Performance of Monolayer MoS 2 by In Situ Fe Doping. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200885. [PMID: 35257429 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2D semiconductors are emerging as plausible candidates for next-generation "More-than-Moore" nanoelectronics to tackle the scaling challenge of transistors. Wafer-scale 2D semiconductors, such as MoS2 and WS2 , have been successfully synthesized recently; nevertheless, the absence of effective doping technology fundamentally results in energy barriers and high contact resistances at the metal-semiconductor interfaces, and thus restrict their practical applications. Herein, a controllable doping strategy in centimeter-sized monolayer MoS2 films is developed to address this critical issue and boost the device performance. The ultralow contact resistance and perfect Ohmic contact with metal electrodes are uncovered in monolayer Fe-doped MoS2 , which deliver excellent device performance featured with ultrahigh electron mobility and outstanding on/off current ratio. Impurity scattering is suppressed significantly thanks to the ultralow electron effective mass and appropriate doping site. Particularly, unidirectionally aligned monolayer Fe-doped MoS2 domains are prepared on 2 in. commercial c-plane sapphire, suggesting the feasibility of synthesizing wafer-scale 2D single-crystal semiconductors with outstanding device performance. This work presents the potential of high-performance monolayer transistors and enables further device downscaling and extension of Moore's law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Mo Cheng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ruofan Du
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Luying Song
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Shi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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34
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Chemical Vapor Deposition of Ferrimagnetic Fe3O4 Thin Films. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin magnetic materials with room-temperature ferromagnetism/ferrimagnetism hold great potential in spintronic applications. In this work, we report the successful controllable growth of Fe3O4 thin films using a facile chemical vapor deposition method. Room-temperature ferrimagnetism was maintained in the as-grown Fe3O4 thin films down to 4 nm. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis were conducted to reveal the structure and quality of the Fe3O4 film. Magnetization measurement showed ferrimagnetic hysteresis loops in all Fe3O4 thin films. A saturation magnetization of 752 emu/cm3 was observed for the 4 nm Fe3O4 film, which was higher than that of bulk Fe3O4 materials (480 emu/cm3). Additionally, the Verwey transition at ~120 K was visible for the Fe3O4 thin films. This work provides an alternative method of synthesizing ferrimagnetic ultrathin films for electronic, spintronic, and memory device applications.
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Growth of highly conducting MoS2-xNx thin films with enhanced 1T' phase by pulsed laser deposition and exploration of their nanogenerator application. iScience 2022; 25:103898. [PMID: 35243256 PMCID: PMC8881714 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High-quality growth of MoS2-xNx films is realized on single-crystal c-Al2O3 substrates by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in ammonia rendering highly stable and tunable 1Tʹ/2H biphasic constitution. Raman spectroscopy reveals systematic enhancement of 1Tʹ phase component due to the incorporation of covalently bonded N-doping in MoS2 lattice, inducing compressive strain. Interestingly, the film deposited at 300 mTorr NH3 shows ∼80% 1Tʹ phase. The transport measurements performed on MoS2-xNx films deposited at 300 mTorr NH3 display very low room temperature resistivity of 0.03 mΩ-cm which is 100 times enhanced over the undoped MoS2 grown under comparable conditions. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device containing biphasic MoS2-xNx film as an electron acceptor exhibits a clear enhancement in the output voltage as compared to the pristine MoS2. Device architecture, p-type N doping in MoS2 lattice, favorably increased work-function, multiphasic component of MoS2, and increased surface roughness synergistically contribute to superior TENG performance. MoS2-xNx films grown on c-Al2O3 and ITO/PET by pulsed laser deposition in NH3 p-type doping with high conductivity and 1T’+2H dual polymorph state is realized Increased work-function of MoS2-xNx films over pristine MoS2 is realized Impressive Triboelectric Nanogenerator application is demonstrated with MoS2-xNx
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36
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Yun SJ, Cho BW, Dinesh T, Yang DH, Kim YI, Jin JW, Yang SH, Nguyen TD, Kim YM, Kim KK, Duong DL, Kim SG, Lee YH. Escalating Ferromagnetic Order via Se-Vacancies Near Vanadium in WSe 2 Monolayers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106551. [PMID: 34962658 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic order has been proposed to arise from a variety of defects, including vacancies, antisites, and grain boundaries, which are relevant in numerous electronics and spintronics applications. Nevertheless, its magnetism remains controversial due to the lack of structural analysis. The escalation of ferromagnetism in vanadium-doped WSe2 monolayer is herein demonstrated by tailoring complex configurations of Se vacancies (SeVac ) via post heat-treatment. Structural analysis of atomic defects is systematically performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enabled by the monolayer nature. Temperature-dependent magnetoresistance hysteresis ensures enhanced magnetic order after high-temperature heat-treatment, consistent with magnetic domain analysis from magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The vanadium-Se vacancy pairing is a key to promoting ferromagnetism via spin-flip by electron transfer, predicted from density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations. The approach toward nanodefect engineering paves a way to overcome weak magnetic order in diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) for renovating semiconductor spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Joon Yun
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Wook Cho
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Thapa Dinesh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Dae Hee Yang
- Department of Energy Science, Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong In Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Jin
- Department of Energy Science, Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeok Yang
- Department of Energy Science, Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuan Dung Nguyen
- Department of Energy Science, Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Kang Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Loc Duong
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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37
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Yu H, Shao Z, Tao Y, Jiang X, Dong Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Yang X, Chen D. Tunable tunneling magnetoresistance in in-plane double barrier magnetic tunnel junctions based on B vacancy h-NB nanoribbons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3451-3459. [PMID: 35076037 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04895c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) have attained new opportunities due to the emergence of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials after they were proposed more than forty years ago. Here, an in-plane double barrier magnetic tunnel junction (IDB-MTJ) based on B vacancy h-NB nanoribbons has been proposed firstly, and the transport properties have been studied using density functional theory combined with the nonequilibrium Green's function method. Due to its unique structural characteristics, the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio can be tuned and the maximum TMR can reach 1.86 × 105. The potential applications of the IDB-MTJ in magnetic random-access memories and logical computation have also been discussed. We find that the IDB-MTJs have great potential in magnetic random-access memories and logical computation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Yu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Zhenguang Shao
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China.
| | - Yongmei Tao
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China.
| | - Xuefan Jiang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China.
| | - Yaojun Dong
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China.
| | - Yushen Liu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China.
| | - Xifeng Yang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China.
| | - Dunjun Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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38
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Zhang D, Zhou B. Conduction band-edge valley splitting in two-dimensional ferroelectric AgBiP 2S 6 by magnetic doping: towards electron valley-polarized transport. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13765-13773. [PMID: 35530381 PMCID: PMC9074848 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01697d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional valleytronic systems, using the valley index of carriers to perform logic operations, serves as the basis of the next-generation information technologies. For efficient use of the valley degree of freedom, the major challenge currently is to lift the valley degeneracy to achieve valley splitting. In this work, using first-principles calculations, we propose that valley splitting can be readily achieved in a ferroelectric AgBiP2S6 monolayer by TM doping (TM = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni), which is highly feasible in experiments. In sharp contrast to most previous reports of valley-related features in the valence band-edge, the pristine AgBiP2S6 monolayer has a direct band-gap located at K/K′ points of the Brillouin zone and harbors strong coupled spin and valley physics around the conduction band-edge, due to inversion symmetry breaking combined with strong spin–orbit coupling. By TM-doping, the local magnetic moment can be introduced into the system, which can destroy the valley degeneration of the conduction band-edge and induce valley splitting. Especially in a V-doped system, accompanied with a large valley splitting (26.8 meV), there is a serious n-type doping in AgBiP2S6. The efficient electron-doping moves the Fermi level just located between the conduction band minimum of the K/K′ valleys, which is suitable for valley-polarized transport. Moreover, the valley-polarized index can be flipped by applying a small magnetic field to rotate the magnetocrystalline direction. The magnitude of valley splitting relies on the strength of orbital hybridization between the TM-d and Bi-p states and can be tuned continually by applying biaxial strain. Under an in-plane electric field, such valley degeneracy breaking would give rise to the long-sought anomalous valley Hall effect, which is crucial to design a valleytronic device. The anomalous valley Hall effect in two-dimensional ferroelectric AgBiP2S6 by magnetic doping offering a possible avenue to realize data storage using valley splitting.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communicate Devices, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Baozeng Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communicate Devices, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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39
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Nguyen LAT, Dhakal KP, Lee Y, Choi W, Nguyen TD, Hong C, Luong DH, Kim YM, Kim J, Lee M, Choi T, Heinrich AJ, Kim JH, Lee D, Duong DL, Lee YH. Spin-Selective Hole-Exciton Coupling in a V-Doped WSe 2 Ferromagnetic Semiconductor at Room Temperature. ACS NANO 2021; 15:20267-20277. [PMID: 34807575 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While valley polarization with strong Zeeman splitting is the most prominent characteristic of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors under magnetic fields, enhancement of the Zeeman splitting has been demonstrated by incorporating magnetic dopants into the host materials. Unlike Fe, Mn, and Co, V is a distinctive dopant for ferromagnetic semiconducting properties at room temperature with large Zeeman shifting of band edges. Nevertheless, little known is the excitons interacting with spin-polarized carriers in V-doped TMDs. Here, we report anomalous circularly polarized photoluminescence (CPL) in a V-doped WSe2 monolayer at room temperature. Excitons couple to V-induced spin-polarized holes to generate spin-selective positive trions, leading to differences in the populations of neutral excitons and trions between left and right CPL. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we elucidate the origin of excitons and trions that are inherently distinct for defect-mediated and impurity-mediated trions. Ferromagnetic characteristics are further confirmed by the significant Zeeman splitting of nanodiamonds deposited on the V-doped WSe2 monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Anh T Nguyen
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Krishna P Dhakal
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhan Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseon Choi
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuan Dung Nguyen
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chengyun Hong
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Hoa Luong
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyong Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongwon Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Choi
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Andreas J Heinrich
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghun Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Loc Duong
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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40
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Cao J, Fertig HA, Brey L. Quantum Internal Structure of Plasmons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:196403. [PMID: 34797157 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.196403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmons are usually described in terms of macroscopic quantities such as electric fields and currents. However, as fundamental excitations of metals, they are also quantum objects with internal structure. We demonstrate that this can induce an intrinsic dipole moment which is tied to the quantum geometry of the Hilbert space of plasmon states. This quantum geometric dipole offers a unique handle for manipulation of plasmon dynamics via density modulations and electric fields. As a concrete example, we demonstrate that scattering of plasmons with a nonvanishing quantum geometric dipole from impurities is nonreciprocal, skewing in different directions in a valley-dependent fashion. This internal structure can be used to control plasmon trajectories in two dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlyu Cao
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA and Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408 USA
| | - H A Fertig
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA and Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408 USA
| | - Luis Brey
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Giri A, De C, Kumar M, Pal M, Lee HH, Kim JS, Cheong SW, Jeong U. Large-Area Epitaxial Film Growth of van der Waals Ferromagnetic Ternary Chalcogenides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103609. [PMID: 34536038 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Following the first experimental realization of intrinsic ferromagnetism in 2D van der Waals (vdW) crystals, several ternary metal chalcogenides with unprecedented long-range ferromagnetic order have been explored. However, the synthesis of large-area 2D ternary metal chalcogenide thin films is a great challenge, and a generalized synthesis has not been demonstrated yet. Here, a quick and scalable synthesis of epitaxially aligned ferromagnetic ternary metal chalcogenide thin films (Cr2 Ge2 Te6 , Cr2 Si2 Te6 , Mn3 Si2 Te6 ) is reported. The synthesis is based on the flux-controlled surface diffusion of Te on metal (Cr, Mn)-deposited wafer (Ge, Si) substrates. Magnetic anisotropy study of the epitaxial ternary thin films reveals the intrinsic magnetic easy axis; out-of-plane direction for Cr2 Ge2 Te6 and Cr2 Si2 Te6 , and in-plane direction for Mn3 Si2 Te6 . In addition to the synthesis, this work creates an opportunity for transfer-free device fabrication for realizing magnetoelectronics based on the electrical control of both charge and spin degrees of freedom in 2D ferromagnetic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Giri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Chandan De
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic System (CALDES), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Pohang Emergent Materials (l-PEM), Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Manish Kumar
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Monalisa Pal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Hyun Hwi Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic System (CALDES), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Cheong
- Laboratory of Pohang Emergent Materials (l-PEM), Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
- Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
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Tan H, Wang C, Duan H, Tian J, Ji Q, Lu Y, Hu F, Hu W, Li G, Li N, Wang Y, Chu W, Sun Z, Yan W. Intrinsic Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in V 2C MXene Nanosheets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:33363-33370. [PMID: 34236162 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials with intrinsic magnetic properties are intensively explored due to their potential applications in low-power-consumption electronics and spintronics. To date, only a handful of intrinsic magnetic 2D materials have been reported. Here, we report a realization of intrinsic ferromagnetic behavior in 2D V2C MXene nanosheets through layer mismatch engineering. The V2C MXene nanosheets with a small-angle twisting show a robust intrinsic ferromagnetic response with a saturation magnetic moment of 0.013 emu/g at room temperature. An in-depth study has been performed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy as well as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. It has been revealed that the symmetry-broken interlayer twisting reduced the degeneracy of V 3d states and the van Hove singularity. This led to a redistribution of the density of electronic states near the Fermi level and consequently activated the Stoner ferromagnetism with improved density of itinerant d electrons. This work highlights V2C MXene as a promising intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetic material with potential applications in spintronics or spin-based electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Hengli Duan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jie Tian
- Engineering and Materials Science Experiment Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Ji
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Ying Lu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Fengchun Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Guinan Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Wangsheng Chu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Zhihu Sun
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
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Khan R, Rahman AU, Zhang Q, Kratzer P, Ramay SM. First-principles computational exploration of ferromagnetism in monolayer GaS via substitutional doping. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:314003. [PMID: 34034249 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac04ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using first-principles calculations, functionalization of the monolayer-GaS crystal structure through N or Cr-doping at all possible lattice sites has been investigated. Our results show that pristine monolayer-GaS is an indirect-bandgap, non-magnetic semiconductor. The bandgap can be tuned and a magnetic moment (MM) can be induced by the introduction of N or Cr atomic anion/cation doping in monolayer GaS. For instance, the intrinsic character of monolayer GaS can be changed by substitution of N for the S-site to p-type, while substitution of Cr at the S-site or Ga-site induces half-metallicity at sufficiently high concentrations. The defect states are located in the electronic bandgap region of the GaS monolayer. These findings help to extend the application of monolayer-GaS structures in nano-electronics and spintronics. Since the S-sites at the surface are more easily accessible to doping in experiment, we chose the S-site for further investigations. Finally, we perform calculations with ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) alignment of the MMs at the dopants. For pairs of impurities of the same species at low concentrations we find Cr atoms to prefer the FM state, while N atoms prefer the AFM state, both for impurities on opposite surfaces of the GaS monolayer and for impurities sharing a common Ga neighbor sitting at the same surface. Extending our study to higher concentrations of Cr atoms, we find that clusters of four Cr atoms prefer AFM coupling, whereas the FM coupling is retained for Cr atoms at larger distance arranged on a honeycomb lattice. For the latter arrangement, we estimate the FM Curie temperatureTCto be 241 K. We conclude that the Cr-doped monolayer-GaS crystal structure offers enhanced electronic and magnetic properties and is an appealing candidate for spintronic devices operating close to room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Khan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 Xianning W.Rd., Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Altaf Ur Rahman
- Department of Physics, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qingmin Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 Xianning W.Rd., Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Kratzer
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Shahid M Ramay
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Jia Z, Wang W, Li Z, Sun R, Zhou S, Deepak FL, Su C, Li Y, Wang Z. Morphology-Tunable Synthesis of Intrinsic Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic γ-Fe 2O 3 Nanoflakes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24051-24061. [PMID: 33999608 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials with room-temperature ferromagnetism and air stability are highly desirable for spintronic applications. However, the experimental observations of such 2D or ultrathin ferromagnetic materials are rarely reported owing to the scarcity of these materials in nature and for the intricacy in their synthesis. Here, we report a successful controllable growth of ultrathin γ-Fe2O3 nanoflakes with a variety of morphologies tunable by the growth temperature alone using a facile chemical vapor deposition method and demonstrate that all ultrathin nanoflakes still show intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism and a semiconducting nature. The γ-Fe2O3 nanoflakes epitaxially grown on α-Al2O3 substrates take a triangular shape at low temperature and develop gradually in lateral size, forming eventually a large-scale γ-Fe2O3 thin film as the growth time increases due to a thermodynamic control process. The morphology of the nanoflakes could be tuned from triangular to stellated, petaloid, and dendritic crystalloids in sequence with the rise of precursor temperature, revealing a growth process from thermodynamically to kinetically dominated control. Moreover, the petaloid and dendritic nanoflakes exhibit enhanced coercivity compared with the triangular and stellated nanoflakes, and all the nanoflakes with diverse shapes possess differing electrical conductivity. The findings of such ultrathin, air-stable, and room-temperature ferromagnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoflakes with tunable shape and multifunctionality may offer guidance in synthesizing other non-layered magnetic materials for next-generation electronic and spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Jia
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Zichao Li
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328 Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Rong Sun
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328 Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Francis Leonard Deepak
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Chenliang Su
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ying Li
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Zhongchang Wang
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Zou J, Cai Z, Lai Y, Tan J, Zhang R, Feng S, Wang G, Lin J, Liu B, Cheng HM. Doping Concentration Modulation in Vanadium-Doped Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide for Synaptic Transistors. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7340-7347. [PMID: 33764052 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Doping is an effective way to modify the electronic property of two-dimensional (2D) materials and endow them with additional functionalities. However, wide-range control of the doping concentrations in monolayer 2D materials with large-scale uniformity remains challenging. Here, we report in situ chemical vapor deposition growth of vanadium-doped monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with widely tunable doping concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 13.1 atom %. The key to regulate the doping concentration lies in the use of appropriate vanadium precursors with different doping abilities, which also generate large-scale uniform doping to MoS2. Artificial synaptic transistors were fabricated using the heavily doped MoS2 as the channel material. Synaptic potentiation, depression, and repetitive learning processes were mimicked by the gate-tunable changes of channel conductance in such transistors with abundant vanadium atoms to trap/detrap electrons. This work develops a feasible method to dope monolayer 2D semiconductors and demonstrates their applications in artificial synaptic transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Zou
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyang Cai
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yongjue Lai
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Junyang Tan
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Rongjie Zhang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Simin Feng
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Physics, SUSTech Core Research Facilities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Junhao Lin
- Department of Physics, SUSTech Core Research Facilities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Bilu Liu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
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Hu L, Cao L, Li L, Duan J, Liao X, Long F, Zhou J, Xiao Y, Zeng YJ, Zhou S. Two-dimensional magneto-photoconductivity in non-van der Waals manganese selenide. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1286-1296. [PMID: 34821921 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00009h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Deficient intrinsic species and suppressed Curie temperatures (Tc) in two-dimensional (2D) magnets are major barriers for future spintronic applications. As an alternative, delaminating non-van der Waals (vdW) magnets can offset these shortcomings and involve robust bandgaps to explore 2D magneto-photoconductivity at ambient temperature. Herein, non-vdW α-MnSe2 is first delaminated as quasi-2D nanosheets for the study of emerging semiconductor, ferromagnetism and magneto-photoconductivity behaviors. Abundant nonstoichiometric surfaces induce the renormalization of the band structure and open a bandgap of 1.2 eV. The structural optimization strengthens ferromagnetic super-exchange interactions between the nearest-neighbor Mn2+, which enables us to achieve a high Tc of 320 K well above room temperature. The critical fitting of magnetization and transport measurements both verify that it is of quasi-2D nature. The above observations are evidenced by multiple microscopic and macroscopic characterization tools, in line with the prediction of first-principles calculations. Profiting from the negative magnetoresistance effect, the self-powered infrared magneto-photoconductivity performance including a responsivity of 330.4 mA W-1 and a millisecond-level response speed are further demonstrated. Such merits stem from the synergistic modulation of magnetic and light fields on photogenerated carriers. This provides a new strategy to manipulate both charge and spin in 2D non-vdW systems and displays their alluring prospects in magneto-photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
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Enhanced Electrical Performance of Monolayer MoS 2 with Rare Earth Element Sm Doping. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030769. [PMID: 33803612 PMCID: PMC8002856 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rare earth (RE) element-doped two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with applications in luminescence and magnetics have received considerable attention in recent years. To date, the effect of RE element doping on the electronic properties of monolayer 2D-TMDCs remains unanswered due to challenges including the difficulty of achieving valid monolayer doping and introducing RE elements with distinct valence and atomic configurations. Herein, we report a unique strategy to grow the Sm-doped monolayer MoS2 film by using an atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition method with the substrate face down on top of the growth source. A stable monolayer triangular Sm-doped MoS2 was achieved. The threshold voltage of an Sm-doped MoS2-based field effect transistor (FET) moved from -12 to 0 V due to the p-type character impurity state introduced by Sm ions in monolayer MoS2. Additionally, the electrical performance of the monolayer MoS2-based FET was improved by RE element Sm doping, including a 500% increase of the on/off current ratio and a 40% increase of the FET's mobility. The electronic property enhancement resulted from Sm doping MoS2, which led internal lattice strain and changes in Fermi energy levels. These findings provide a general approach to synthesize RE element-doped monolayer 2D-TMDCs and to enrich their applications in electrical devices.
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Chu J, Wang Y, Wang X, Hu K, Rao G, Gong C, Wu C, Hong H, Wang X, Liu K, Gao C, Xiong J. 2D Polarized Materials: Ferromagnetic, Ferrovalley, Ferroelectric Materials, and Related Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004469. [PMID: 33325574 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of 2D polarized materials, including ferromagnetic, ferrovalley, and ferroelectric materials, has demonstrated unique quantum behaviors at atomic scales. These polarization behaviors are tightly bonded to the new degrees of freedom (DOFs) for next generation information storage and processing, which have been dramatically developed in the past few years. Here, the basic 2D polarized materials system and related devices' application in spintronics, valleytronics, and electronics are reviewed. Specifically, the underlying physical mechanism accompanied with symmetry broken theory and the modulation process through heterostructure engineering are highlighted. These summarized works focusing on the 2D polarization would continue to enrich the cognition of 2D quantum system and promising practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Kai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Gaofeng Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Chuanhui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Chunchun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Hao Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xianfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chunlei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), Department of Physics, and Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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Liu N, Gallaro CM, Shayan K, Mukherjee A, Kim B, Hone J, Vamivakas N, Strauf S. Antiferromagnetic proximity coupling between semiconductor quantum emitters in WSe 2 and van der Waals ferromagnets. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:832-841. [PMID: 33351877 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06632j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals ferromagnets have gained significant interest due to their unique ability to provide magnetic response even at the level of a few monolayers. Particularly in combination with 2D semiconductors, such as the transition metal dichalcogenide WSe2, one can create heterostructures that feature unique magneto-optical response in the exciton emission through the magnetic proximity effect. Here we use 0D quantum emitters in WSe2 to probe for the ferromagnetic response in heterostructures with Fe3GT and Fe5GT ferromagnets through an all-optical read-out technique that does not require electrodes. The spectrally narrow spin-doublet of the WSe2 quantum emitters allowed to fully resolve the hysteretic magneto-response in the exciton emission, revealing the characteristic signature of both ferro- and antiferromagnetic proximity coupling that originates from the interplay among Fe3GT or Fe5GT, a thin surface oxide, and the spin doublets of the quantum emitters. Our work highlights the utility of 0D quantum emitters for probing interface magnetic dipoles in vdW heterostructures with high precision. The observed hysteretic magneto response in the exciton emission of quantum emitters adds further new degrees of freedom for spin and g-factor manipulation of quantum states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA. and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
| | - Cosmo M Gallaro
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA. and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
| | - Kamran Shayan
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA and Center for Coherence and Quantum Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Arunabh Mukherjee
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA and Center for Coherence and Quantum Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Bumho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York 10027, USA
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York 10027, USA
| | - Nick Vamivakas
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA and Center for Coherence and Quantum Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Stefan Strauf
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA. and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
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Kang K, Fu S, Shayan K, Anthony Y, Dadras S, Yuzan X, Kazunori F, Terrones M, Zhang W, Strauf S, Meunier V, Vamivakas AN, Yang EH. The effects of substitutional Fe-doping on magnetism in MoS 2and WS 2monolayers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 32:095708. [PMID: 33232946 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abcd61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Doping of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors has been intensively studied toward modulating their electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. While ferromagnetic 2D semiconductors hold promise for future spintronics and valleytronics, the origin of ferromagnetism in 2D materials remains unclear. Here, we show that substitutional Fe-doping of MoS2and WS2monolayers induce different magnetic properties. The Fe-doped monolayers are directly synthesized via chemical vapor deposition. In both cases, Fe substitutional doping is successfully achieved, as confirmed using scanning transmission electron microscopy. While both Fe:MoS2and Fe:WS2show PL quenching and n-type doping, Fe dopants in WS2monolayers are found to assume deep-level trap states, in contrast to the case of Fe:MoS2, where the states are found to be shallow. Usingμm- and mm-precision local NV-magnetometry and superconducting quantum interference device, we discover that, unlike MoS2monolayers, WS2monolayers do not show a magnetic phase transition to ferromagnetism upon Fe-doping. The absence of ferromagnetism in Fe:WS2is corroborated using density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungnam Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States of America
| | - Shichen Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States of America
| | - Kamran Shayan
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States of America
| | - Yoshimura Anthony
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Siamak Dadras
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States of America
| | - Xiong Yuzan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, United States of America
| | - Fujisawa Kazunori
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, United States of America
| | - Stefan Strauf
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States of America
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States of America
| | - Vincent Meunier
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - A Nick Vamivakas
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States of America
- Center for Coherence and Quantum Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States of America
| | - Eui-Hyeok Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States of America
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States of America
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