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Mastrandrea CJ, Hedge ET, Hughson RL. The detrimental effects of bedrest: Premature cardiovascular aging and dysfunction. Can J Cardiol 2024:S0828-282X(24)00395-7. [PMID: 38759726 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Bedrest as an experimental paradigm or as an in-patient stay for medical reasons has negative consequences for cardiovascular health. The effects of severe inactivity parallel many of the changes experienced with natural aging but over a much shorter duration. Cardiac function is reduced, arteries stiffen, neural reflex responses are impaired, and metabolic and oxidative stress responses impose burden on the heart and vascular systems. The impact of these changes is revealed in studies of integrative function. Aerobic fitness progressively deteriorates with bedrest and tolerance of upright posture is rapidly impaired. This review considers the similarities between aging and bedrest-induced cardiovascular deconditioning. We concur with many recent clinical recommendations that early and regular mobility with upright posture will reduce likelihood of hospital-associated disability related to bedrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo J Mastrandrea
- Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Canada; Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Eric T Hedge
- Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Canada; Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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2
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de la Visitación N, Chen W, Krishnan J, Van Beusecum JP, Amarnath V, Hennen EM, Zhao S, Saleem M, Ao M, Dikalov SI, Dikalova AE, Harrison DG, Patrick DM. Immunoproteasomal Processing of IsoLG-Adducted Proteins Is Essential for Hypertension. Circ Res 2024; 134:1276-1291. [PMID: 38623763 PMCID: PMC11081850 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is characterized by CD8+ (cluster differentiation 8) T cell activation and infiltration into peripheral tissues. CD8+ T cell activation requires proteasomal processing of antigenic proteins. It has become clear that isoLG (isolevuglandin)-adduced peptides are antigenic in hypertension; however, IsoLGs inhibit the constitutive proteasome. We hypothesized that immunoproteasomal processing of isoLG-adducts is essential for CD8+ T cell activation and inflammation in hypertension. METHODS IsoLG adduct processing was studied in murine dendritic cells (DCs), endothelial cells (ECs), and B8 fibroblasts. The role of the proteasome and the immunoproteasome in Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced hypertension was studied in C57BL/6 mice treated with bortezomib or the immunoproteasome inhibitor PR-957 and by studying mice lacking 3 critical immunoproteasome subunits (triple knockout mouse). We also examined hypertension in mice lacking the critical immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 (large multifunctional peptidase 7) specifically in either DCs or ECs. RESULTS We found that oxidant stress increases the presence of isoLG adducts within MHC-I (class I major histocompatibility complex), and immunoproteasome overexpression augments this. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the immunoproteasome attenuated hypertension and tissue inflammation. Conditional deletion of LMP7 in either DCs or ECs attenuated hypertension and vascular inflammation. Finally, we defined the role of the innate immune receptors STING (stimulator of interferon genes) and TLR7/8 (toll-like receptor 7/8) as drivers of LMP7 expression in ECs. CONCLUSIONS These studies define a previously unknown role of the immunoproteasome in DCs and ECs in CD8+ T cell activation. The immunoproteasome in DCs and ECs is critical for isoLG-adduct presentation to CD8+ T cells, and in the endothelium, this guides homing and infiltration of T cells to specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor de la Visitación
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Justin P. Van Beusecum
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Charleston South Carolina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Venkataraman Amarnath
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Shilin Zhao
- Vanderbilt Center for Quantitative Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mingfang Ao
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sergey I. Dikalov
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna E. Dikalova
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David G. Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - David M. Patrick
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
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3
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Gutor SS, Salinas RI, Nichols DS, Bazzano JMR, Han W, Gokey JJ, Vasiukov G, West JD, Newcomb DC, Dikalova AE, Richmond BW, Dikalov SI, Blackwell TS, Polosukhin VV. Repetitive sulfur dioxide exposure in mice models post-deployment respiratory syndrome. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L539-L550. [PMID: 38410870 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00239.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Soldiers deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan have a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms than nondeployed military personnel and some have been shown to have a constellation of findings on lung biopsy termed post-deployment respiratory syndrome (PDRS). Since many of the subjects in this cohort reported exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2), we developed a model of repetitive exposure to SO2 in mice that phenocopies many aspects of PDRS, including adaptive immune activation, airway wall remodeling, and pulmonary vascular (PV) disease. Although abnormalities in small airways were not sufficient to alter lung mechanics, PV remodeling resulted in the development of pulmonary hypertension and reduced exercise tolerance in SO2-exposed mice. SO2 exposure led to increased formation of isolevuglandins (isoLGs) adducts and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) acetylation in endothelial cells, which were attenuated by treatment with the isoLG scavenger 2-hydroxybenzylamine acetate (2-HOBA). In addition, 2-HOBA treatment or Siruin-3 overexpression in a transgenic mouse model prevented vascular remodeling following SO2 exposure. In summary, our results indicate that repetitive SO2 exposure recapitulates many aspects of PDRS and that oxidative stress appears to mediate PV remodeling in this model. Together, these findings provide new insights regarding the critical mechanisms underlying PDRS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We developed a mice model of "post-deployment respiratory syndrome" (PDRS), a condition in Veterans with unexplained exertional dyspnea. Our model successfully recapitulates many of the pathological and physiological features of the syndrome, revealing involvement of the ROS-isoLGs-Sirt3-SOD2 pathway in pulmonary vasculature pathology. Our study provides additional knowledge about effects and long-term consequences of sulfur dioxide exposure on the respiratory system, serving as a valuable tool for future PDRS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S Gutor
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Rodrigo I Salinas
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - David S Nichols
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Julia M R Bazzano
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jason J Gokey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Georgii Vasiukov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - James D West
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Anna E Dikalova
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Bradley W Richmond
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Sergey I Dikalov
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Vasiliy V Polosukhin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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De Meyer GRY, Zurek M, Puylaert P, Martinet W. Programmed death of macrophages in atherosclerosis: mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:312-325. [PMID: 38163815 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory disorder of the arterial vessel wall characterized by substantial infiltration of macrophages, which exert both favourable and detrimental functions. Early in atherogenesis, macrophages can clear cytotoxic lipoproteins and dead cells, preventing cytotoxicity. Efferocytosis - the efficient clearance of dead cells by macrophages - is crucial for preventing secondary necrosis and stimulating the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, macrophages can promote tissue repair and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, thereby increasing plaque stability. However, advanced atherosclerotic plaques contain large numbers of pro-inflammatory macrophages that secrete matrix-degrading enzymes, induce death in surrounding cells and contribute to plaque destabilization and rupture. Importantly, macrophages in the plaque can undergo apoptosis and several forms of regulated necrosis, including necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. Regulated necrosis has an important role in the formation and expansion of the necrotic core during plaque progression, and several triggers for necrosis are present within atherosclerotic plaques. This Review focuses on the various forms of programmed macrophage death in atherosclerosis and the pharmacological interventions that target them as a potential means of stabilizing vulnerable plaques and improving the efficacy of currently available anti-atherosclerotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Michelle Zurek
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pauline Puylaert
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Ju G, Huang Z, Zhao Y. Trialkoxysilane-Induced Iridium-Catalyzed para-Selective C-H Bond Borylation of Arenes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2847. [PMID: 38565860 PMCID: PMC10987550 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
An ideal approach for the construction of aryl boron compounds is to selectively replace a C-H bond in arenes with a C-B bond, and controlling regioselectivity is one of the most challenging aspects of these transformations. Herein, we report an iridium-catalyzed trialkoxysilane protecting group-assisted regioselective C-H borylation of arenes, including derivatives of benzaldehydes, acetophenones, benzoic acids, benzyl alcohols, phenols, aryl silanes, benzyl silanes, and multi-functionalized aromatic rings are all well tolerated and gave the para -selective C-H borylation products in a short time without the requirement of inert gases atmosphere. The site-selective C-H borylation can be adjustable by installing the developed trialkoxysilane protecting group on different functional groups on one aromatic ring. Importantly, the preparation process of the trialkoxychlorosilane is efficient and scalable. Mechanistic and computational studies reveal that the steric hindrance of the trialkoxysilane protecting group plays a key role in dictating the para-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Ju
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yingsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, China.
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Liu J, Yang F, Shang L, Cai S, Wu Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Fei C, Wang M, Gu F. Recapitulating familial hypercholesterolemia in a mouse model by knock-in patient-specific LDLR mutation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23573. [PMID: 38526846 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301216rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is one of the most prevalent monogenetic disorders leading to cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide. Mutations in Ldlr, encoding a membrane-spanning protein, account for the majority of FH cases. No effective and safe clinical treatments are available for FH. Adenine base editor (ABE)-mediated molecular therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy to treat genetic diseases caused by point mutations, with evidence of successful treatment in mouse disease models. However, due to the differences in the genomes between mice and humans, ABE with specific sgRNA, a key gene correction component, cannot be directly used to treat FH patients. Thus, we generated a knock-in mouse model harboring the partial patient-specific fragment and including the Ldlr W490X mutation. LdlrW490X/W490X mice recapitulated cholesterol metabolic disorder and clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis associated with FH patients, including high plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and lipid deposition in aortic vessels. Additionally, we showed that the mutant Ldlr gene could be repaired using ABE with the cellular model. Taken together, these results pave the way for ABE-mediated molecular therapy for FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Fayu Yang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Shang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Cai
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenzhong Fei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
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7
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Xu J, Guan G, Ye Z, Zhang C, Guo Y, Ma Y, Lu C, Lei L, Zhang XB, Song G. Enhancing lipid peroxidation via radical chain transfer reaction for MRI guided and effective cancer therapy in mice. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:636-647. [PMID: 38158292 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation (LPO), the process of membrane lipid oxidation, is a potential new form of cell death for cancer treatment. However, the radical chain reaction involved in LPO is comprised of the initiation, propagation (the slowest step), and termination stages, limiting its effectiveness in vivo. To address this limitation, we introduce the radical chain transfer reaction into the LPO process to target the propagation step and overcome the sluggish rate of lipid peroxidation, thereby promoting endogenous lipid peroxidation and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Firstly, radical chain transfer agent (CTA-1)/Fe nanoparticles (CTA-Fe NPs-1) was synthesized. Notably, CTA-1 convert low activity peroxyl radicals (ROO·) into high activity alkoxyl radicals (RO·), creating the cycle of free radical oxidation and increasing the propagation of lipid peroxidation. Additionally, CTA-1/Fe ions enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, consume glutathione (GSH), and thereby inactivate GPX-4, promoting the initiation stage and reducing termination of free radical reaction. CTA-Fe NPs-1 induce a higher level of peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipid membranes, leading to highly effective treatment in cancer cells. In addition, CTA-Fe NPs-1 could be enriched in tumors inducing potent tumor inhibition and exhibit activatable T1-MRI contrast of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In summary, CTA-Fe NPs-1 can enhance intracellular lipid peroxidation by accelerating initiation, propagation, and inhibiting termination step, promoting the cycle of free radical reaction, resulting in effective anticancer outcomes in tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Guoqiang Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhifei Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yibo Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lingling Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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Subati T, Yang Z, Murphy MB, Stark JM, Trykall DZ, Davies SS, Barnett JV, Murray KT. Isolevuglandins Promote Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Electrophysiologic Abnormalities in Atrial Cardiomyocytes. Cells 2024; 13:483. [PMID: 38534327 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the AF substrate remain unclear. Isolevuglandins (IsoLGs) are highly reactive lipid dicarbonyl products that mediate oxidative stress-related injury. In murine hypertension, the lipid dicarbonyl scavenger 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) reduced IsoLGs and AF susceptibility. We hypothesized that IsoLGs mediate detrimental pathophysiologic effects in atrial cardiomyocytes that promote the AF substrate. Using Seahorse XFp extracellular flux analysis and a luminescence assay, IsoLG exposure suppressed intracellular ATP production in atrial HL-1 cardiomyocytes. IsoLGs caused mitochondrial dysfunction, with reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) with protein carbonylation, and mitochondrial DNA damage. Moreover, they generated cytosolic preamyloid oligomers previously shown to cause similar detrimental effects in atrial cells. In mouse atrial and HL-1 cells, patch clamp experiments demonstrated that IsoLGs rapidly altered action potentials (AP), implying a direct effect independent of oligomer formation by reducing the maximum Phase 0 upstroke slope and shortening AP duration due to ionic current modifications. IsoLG-mediated mitochondrial and electrophysiologic abnormalities were blunted or totally prevented by 2-HOBA. These findings identify IsoLGs as novel mediators of oxidative stress-dependent atrial pathophysiology and support the investigation of dicarbonyl scavengers as a novel therapeutic approach to prevent AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuerdi Subati
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zhenjiang Yang
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew B Murphy
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joshua M Stark
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David Z Trykall
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sean S Davies
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joey V Barnett
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Katherine T Murray
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology Room 559, Preston Research Building, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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9
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Murphy MB, Yang Z, Subati T, Farber-Eger E, Kim K, Blackwell DJ, Fleming MR, Stark JM, Van Amburg JC, Woodall KK, Van Beusecum JP, Agrawal V, Smart CD, Pitzer A, Atkinson JB, Fogo AB, Bastarache JA, Kirabo A, Wells QS, Madhur MS, Barnett JV, Murray KT. LNK/SH2B3 loss of function increases susceptibility to murine and human atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2024:cvae036. [PMID: 38377486 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The lymphocyte adaptor protein (LNK) is a negative regulator of cytokine and growth factor signaling. The rs3184504 variant in SH2B3 reduces LNK function and is linked to cardiovascular, inflammatory, and hematologic disorders including stroke. In mice, deletion of Lnk causes inflammation and oxidative stress. We hypothesized that Lnk-/- mice are susceptible to atrial fibrillation (AF) and that rs3184504 is associated with AF and AF-related stroke in humans. During inflammation, reactive lipid dicarbonyls are a major component of oxidative injury, and we further hypothesized that these mediators are critical drivers of the AF substrate in Lnk-/- mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Lnk-/- or wild-type (WT) mice were treated with vehicle or 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA), a dicarbonyl scavenger, for 3 months. Compared to WT, Lnk-/- mice displayed increased AF duration that was prevented by 2-HOBA. In the Lnk-/- atria, action potentials were prolonged with reduced transient outward K+ current, increased late Na+ current, and reduced peak Na+ current, proarrhythmic effects that were inhibited by 2-HOBA. Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially for complex I, was evident in Lnk-/- atria, while scavenging lipid dicarbonyls prevented this abnormality. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were elevated in Lnk-/- plasma and atrial tissue, respectively, both of which caused electrical and bioenergetic remodeling in vitro. Inhibition of soluble TNF-α prevented electrical remodeling and AF susceptibility, while IL-1β inhibition improved mitochondrial respiration but had no effect on AF susceptibility. In a large database of genotyped patients, rs3184504 was associated with AF, as well as AF-related stroke. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify a novel role for LNK in the pathophysiology of AF in both experimental mice and in humans. Moreover, reactive lipid dicarbonyls are critical to the inflammatory AF substrate in Lnk-/- mice and mediate the proarrhythmic effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, primarily through electrical remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Murphy
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
| | - Zhenjiang Yang
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
| | - Tuerdi Subati
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
| | | | - Kyungsoo Kim
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
| | - Daniel J Blackwell
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
| | | | - Joshua M Stark
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
| | - Joseph C Van Amburg
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
| | - Kaylen K Woodall
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
| | - Justin P Van Beusecum
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
| | | | - Charles D Smart
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
| | - Ashley Pitzer
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
| | | | | | | | - Annet Kirabo
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
| | - Quinn S Wells
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Meena S Madhur
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
| | - Joey V Barnett
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
| | - Katherine T Murray
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
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10
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Gonzalez AL, Dungan MM, Smart CD, Madhur MS, Doran AC. Inflammation Resolution in the Cardiovascular System: Arterial Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, and Ischemic Heart Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:292-316. [PMID: 37125445 PMCID: PMC11071112 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Chronic inflammation has emerged as a major underlying cause of many prevalent conditions in the Western world, including cardiovascular diseases. Although targeting inflammation has emerged as a promising avenue by which to treat cardiovascular disease, it is also associated with increased risk of infection. Recent Advances: Though previously assumed to be passive, resolution has now been identified as an active process, mediated by unique immunoresolving mediators and mechanisms designed to terminate acute inflammation and promote tissue repair. Recent work has determined that failures of resolution contribute to chronic inflammation and the progression of human disease. Specifically, failure to produce pro-resolving mediators and the impaired clearance of dead cells from inflamed tissue have been identified as major mechanisms by which resolution fails in disease. Critical Issues: Drawing from a rapidly expanding body of experimental and clinical studies, we review here what is known about the role of inflammation resolution in arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and ischemic heart disease. For each, we discuss the involvement of specialized pro-resolving mediators and pro-reparative cell types, including T regulatory cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and macrophages. Future Directions: Pro-resolving therapies offer the promise of limiting chronic inflammation without impairing host defense. Therefore, it is imperative to better understand the mechanisms underlying resolution to identify therapeutic targets. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 292-316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azuah L. Gonzalez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew M. Dungan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - C. Duncan Smart
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Meena S. Madhur
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amanda C. Doran
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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11
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Ma Y, Sun W, Ye Z, Liu L, Li M, Shang J, Xu X, Cao H, Xu L, Liu Y, Kong X, Song G, Zhang XB. Oxidative stress biomarker triggered multiplexed tool for auxiliary diagnosis of atherosclerosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1037. [PMID: 37831761 PMCID: PMC10575586 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is integral in the development of atherosclerosis, but knowledge of how oxidative stress affects atherosclerosis remains insufficient. Here, we design a multiplexed diagnostic tool that includes two functions (photoacoustic imaging and urinalysis), for assessing intraplaque and urinary malondialdehyde (MDA), a well-recognized end-product of oxidative stress. Molecular design is conducted to develop the first near-infrared MDA-responsive molecule (MRM). Acid-unlocked ratiometric photoacoustic nanoprobe is designed to report intraplaque MDA, enabling it to reflect plaque burden. Furthermore, MRM is tailored for urinary MDA detection with excellent specificity in a blind study. Moreover, we found a significant difference in urinary MDA between healthy adults and atherosclerotic patients (more than 600 participants). Combining these two functions, such a multiplexed diagnostic tool can dynamically report intraplaque and systemic oxidative stress levels during atherosclerosis progression, pneumonia infection, and drug treatment in atherosclerotic mice, which is promising for the auxiliary diagnosis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhifei Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Liuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Menghuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jinhui Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yongchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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12
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Martín-Grau M, Pardo-Tendero M, Casanova P, Dromant M, Marrachelli VG, Morales JM, Borrás C, Pisoni S, Maestrini S, Di Blasio AM, Monleon D. Altered Lipid Moieties and Carbonyls in a Wistar Rat Dietary Model of Subclinical Fatty Liver: Potential Sex-Specific Biomarkers of Early Fatty Liver Disease? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1808. [PMID: 37891887 PMCID: PMC10604774 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which excess fat builds up in the liver. To date, there is a lack of knowledge about the subtype of lipid structures affected in the early stages of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to analyze serum and liver lipid moieties, specifically unsaturations and carbonyls, by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in a subclinical Wistar rat model of NAFLD for detecting early alterations and potential sex dimorphisms. Twelve weeks of a high-fat diet (HFD) induced fat accumulation in the liver to a similar extent in male and female Wistar rats. In addition to total liver fat accumulation, Wistar rats showed a shift in lipid subtype composition. HFD rats displayed increased lipid carbonyls in both liver and serum, and decreased in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), with a much stronger effect in male than female animals. Our results revealed that the change in fat was not only quantitative but also qualitative, with dramatic shifts in relevant lipid structures. Finally, we compared the results found in Wistar rats with an analysis in a human patient cohort of extreme obesity. For the first time to our knowledge, lipid carbonyl levels and lipoproteins profiles were analyzed in the context of subclinical NAFLD. The association found between lipid carbonyls and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in a human cohort of extremely obese individuals further supports the potential role of lipid moieties as biomarkers of early NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martín-Grau
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Pardo-Tendero
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Casanova
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Dromant
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vannina G Marrachelli
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Morales
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Serena Pisoni
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabrina Maestrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20145 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna M Di Blasio
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20145 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniel Monleon
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERFES_ISCIII, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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13
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Rathmacher JA, Fuller JC, Abumrad NN, Flynn CR. Inflammation Biomarker Response to Oral 2-Hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) Acetate in Healthy Humans. Inflammation 2023; 46:1343-1352. [PMID: 36935449 PMCID: PMC10025056 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01801-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the formation of lipid-derived compounds, such as isolevuglandins (IsoLGs), malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-nonenal, and 4-oxo-nonenal. The most reactive of these are the IsoLGs, which form covalent adducts with lysine residues and other cellular primary amines leading to changes in protein function, immunogenicity, and epigenetic alterations and have been shown to contribute to a number of inflammatory diseases. 2-Hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) is a natural compound found in buckwheat seeds and reacts with all IsoLG adducts preventing adduct formation with proteins and DNA. Therefore, 2-HOBA is well positioned as an agent for the prevention of inflammatory-prone diseases. In this study, we examined the potential beneficial effects of 2-HOBA on oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in two cohorts of healthy younger and older adults. We utilized the Olink® targeted inflammation panel before and after an oral 15-day treatment regimen with 2-HOBA. We found significant relative changes in the plasma concentration of 15 immune proteins that may reflect the in vivo immune targets of 2-HOBA. Treatment of 2-HOBA resulted in significant increased levels of CCL19, IL-12β, IL-20Rα, and TNFβ, whereas levels of TWEAK significantly decreased. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified canonical pathways regulated by the differentially secreted cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors upon 2-HOBA treatment and further points to biofunctions related to the recruitment, attraction, and movement of different immune cell types. In conclusion, 2-HOBA significantly altered the protein biomarkers CCL19, IL-12β, IL-20Rα, TNFβ, and TWEAK, and these may be responsible for the protective effects of 2-HOBA against reactive electrophiles, such as IsoLGs, commonly expressed in conditions of excessive oxidative stress. 2-HOBA has a role as a IsoLG scavenger to proactively improve immune health in a variety of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Rathmacher
- MTI BioTech, Inc, Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Naji N Abumrad
- MTI BioTech, Inc, Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, IA, USA
- Metabolic Technologies, LLC, Missoula, MT, USA
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MRBIV Room 8465A, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Charles R Flynn
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MRBIV Room 8465A, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Epidemiologic studies detected an inverse relationship between HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), identifying HDL-C as a major risk factor for ASCVD and suggesting atheroprotective functions of HDL. However, the role of HDL-C as a mediator of risk for ASCVD has been called into question by the failure of HDL-C-raising drugs to reduce cardiovascular events in clinical trials. Progress in understanding the heterogeneous nature of HDL particles in terms of their protein, lipid, and small RNA composition has contributed to the realization that HDL-C levels do not necessarily reflect HDL function. The most examined atheroprotective function of HDL is reverse cholesterol transport, whereby HDL removes cholesterol from plaque macrophage foam cells and delivers it to the liver for processing and excretion into bile. Indeed, in several studies, HDL has shown inverse associations between HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and ASCVD in humans. Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque formation, and a fundamental function of HDL is suppression of inflammatory signaling in macrophages and other cells. Oxidation is also a critical process to ASCVD in promoting atherogenic oxidative modifications of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and cellular inflammation. HDL and its proteins including apoAI (apolipoprotein AI) and PON1 (paraoxonase 1) prevent cellular oxidative stress and LDL modifications. Importantly, HDL in humans with ASCVD is oxidatively modified rendering HDL dysfunctional and proinflammatory. Modification of HDL with reactive carbonyl species, such as malondialdehyde and isolevuglandins, dramatically impairs the antiatherogenic functions of HDL. Importantly, treatment of murine models of atherosclerosis with scavengers of reactive dicarbonyls improves HDL function and reduces systemic inflammation, atherosclerosis development, and features of plaque instability. Here, we discuss the HDL antiatherogenic functions in relation to oxidative modifications and the potential of reactive dicarbonyl scavengers as a therapeutic approach for ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacRae F. Linton
- 1. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Patricia G. Yancey
- 1. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Huan Tao
- 1. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Sean S. Davies
- 2. Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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15
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Gobert AP, Asim M, Smith TM, Williams KJ, Barry DP, Allaman MM, McNamara KM, Hawkins CV, Delgado AG, Zhao S, Piazuelo MB, Washington MK, Coburn LA, Rathmacher JA, Wilson KT. Electrophilic reactive aldehydes as a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. Oncogene 2023; 42:1685-1691. [PMID: 37037901 PMCID: PMC10182918 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem worldwide. Dicarbonyl electrophiles, such as isolevuglandins (isoLGs), are generated from lipid peroxidation and form covalent adducts with amine-containing macromolecules. We have shown high levels of adducts of isoLGs in colonic epithelial cells of patients with CRC. We thus investigated the role of these reactive aldehydes in colorectal cancer development. We found that 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA), a natural compound derived from buckwheat seeds that acts as a potent scavenger of electrophiles, is bioavailable in the colon of mice after supplementation in the drinking water and does not affect the colonic microbiome. 2-HOBA reduced the level of isoLG adducts to lysine as well as tumorigenesis in models of colitis-associated carcinogenesis and of sporadic CRC driven by specific deletion of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene in colonic epithelial cells. In parallel, we found that oncogenic NRF2 activation and signaling were decreased in the colon of 2-HOBA-treated mice. Additionally, the growth of xenografted human HCT116 CRC cells in nude mice was significantly attenuated by 2-HOBA supplementation. In conclusion, 2-HOBA represents a promising natural compound for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thaddeus M Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kamery J Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel P Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Margaret M Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kara M McNamara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Caroline V Hawkins
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lori A Coburn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John A Rathmacher
- MTI BioTech Inc., Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Kidney disease is associated with adverse consequences in many organs beyond the kidney, including the heart, lungs, brain, and intestines. The kidney-intestinal cross talk involves intestinal epithelial damage, dysbiosis, and generation of uremic toxins. Recent studies reveal that kidney injury expands the intestinal lymphatics, increases lymphatic flow, and alters the composition of mesenteric lymph. The intestinal lymphatics, like blood vessels, are a route for transporting potentially harmful substances generated by the intestines. The lymphatic architecture and actions are uniquely suited to take up and transport large macromolecules, functions that differentiate them from blood vessels, allowing them to play a distinct role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Here, we focus on the mechanisms by which kidney diseases result in deleterious changes in intestinal lymphatics and consider a novel paradigm of a vicious cycle of detrimental organ cross talk. This concept involves kidney injury-induced modulation of intestinal lymphatics that promotes production and distribution of harmful factors, which in turn contributes to disease progression in distant organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (A.K.)
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine (A.B.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Elaine L Shelton
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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17
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Gobert AP, Asim M, Smith TM, Williams KJ, Barry DP, Allaman MM, McNamara KM, Hawkins CV, Delgado AG, Piazuelo MB, Rathmacher JA, Wilson KT. The nutraceutical electrophile scavenger 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) attenuates gastric cancer development caused by Helicobacter pylori. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114092. [PMID: 36493697 PMCID: PMC9879697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomach cancer is a leading cause of cancer death. Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial gastric pathogen that is the primary risk factor for carcinogenesis, associated with its induction of inflammation and DNA damage. Dicarbonyl electrophiles are generated from lipid peroxidation during the inflammatory response and form covalent adducts with amine-containing macromolecules. 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) is a natural compound derived from buckwheat seeds and acts as a potent scavenger of reactive aldehydes. Our goal was to investigate the effect of 2-HOBA on the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection. We used transgenic FVB/N insulin-gastrin (INS-GAS) mice as a model of gastric cancer. First, we found that 2-HOBA is bioavailable in the gastric tissues of these mice after supplementation in the drinking water. Moreover, 2-HOBA reduced the development of gastritis in H. pylori-infected INS-GAS mice without affecting the bacterial colonization level in the stomach. Further, we show that the development of gastric dysplasia and carcinoma was significantly reduced by 2-HOBA. Concomitantly, DNA damage were also inhibited by 2-HOBA treatment in H. pylori-infected mice. In parallel, DNA damage was inhibited by 2-HOBA in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells in vitro. In conclusion, 2-HOBA, which has been shown to be safe in human clinical trials, represents a promising nutritional compound for the chemoprevention of the more severe effects of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain P. Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thaddeus M. Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kamery J. Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel P. Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Margaret M. Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kara M. McNamara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Caroline V. Hawkins
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John A. Rathmacher
- MTI BioTech, Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, IA, USA,Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA,Correspondence to: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215B Garland Ave., 1030C MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232-0252, USA. (K.T. Wilson)
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18
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Huang J, Tao H, Yancey PG, Leuthner Z, May-Zhang LS, Jung JY, Zhang Y, Ding L, Amarnath V, Liu D, Collins S, Davies SS, Linton MF. Scavenging dicarbonyls with 5'-O-pentyl-pyridoxamine increases HDL net cholesterol efflux capacity and attenuates atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. Mol Metab 2022; 67:101651. [PMID: 36481344 PMCID: PMC9792904 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress contributes to the development of insulin resistance (IR) and atherosclerosis. Peroxidation of lipids produces reactive dicarbonyls such as Isolevuglandins (IsoLG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) that covalently bind plasma/cellular proteins, phospholipids, and DNA leading to altered function and toxicity. We examined whether scavenging reactive dicarbonyls with 5'-O-pentyl-pyridoxamine (PPM) protects against the development of IR and atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice. METHODS Male or female Ldlr-/- mice were fed a western diet (WD) for 16 weeks and treated with PPM versus vehicle alone. Plaque extent, dicarbonyl-lysyl adducts, efferocytosis, apoptosis, macrophage inflammation, and necrotic area were measured. Plasma MDA-LDL adducts and the in vivo and in vitro effects of PPM on the ability of HDL to reduce macrophage cholesterol were measured. Blood Ly6Chi monocytes and ex vivo 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation into bone marrow CD11b+ monocytes and CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) were also examined. IR was examined by measuring fasting glucose/insulin levels and tolerance to insulin/glucose challenge. RESULTS PPM reduced the proximal aortic atherosclerosis by 48% and by 46% in female and male Ldlr-/- mice, respectively. PPM also decreased IR and hepatic fat and inflammation in male Ldlr-/- mice. Importantly, PPM decreased plasma MDA-LDL adducts and prevented the accumulation of plaque MDA- and IsoLG-lysyl adducts in Ldlr-/- mice. In addition, PPM increased the net cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL from Ldlr-/- mice and prevented both the in vitro impairment of HDL net cholesterol efflux capacity and apoAI crosslinking by MPO generated hypochlorous acid. Moreover, PPM decreased features of plaque instability including decreased proinflammatory M1-like macrophages, IL-1β expression, myeloperoxidase, apoptosis, and necrotic core. In contrast, PPM increased M2-like macrophages, Tregs, fibrous cap thickness, and efferocytosis. Furthermore, PPM reduced inflammatory monocytosis as evidenced by decreased blood Ly6Chi monocytes and proliferation of bone marrow monocytes and HSPC from Ldlr-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS PPM has pleotropic atheroprotective effects in a murine model of familial hypercholesterolemia, supporting the therapeutic potential of reactive dicarbonyl scavenging in the treatment of IR and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Huang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Huan Tao
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Patricia G. Yancey
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Zoe Leuthner
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Linda S. May-Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ju-Yang Jung
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Youmin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Venkataraman Amarnath
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Dianxin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sheila Collins
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sean S. Davies
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - MacRae F. Linton
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States,Corresponding author. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN, United States.
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Fadaei R, Davies SS. Oxidative modification of HDL by lipid aldehydes impacts HDL function. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109397. [PMID: 36116503 PMCID: PMC9670862 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol correlate with increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and HDL performs functions including reverse cholesterol transport, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and suppression of inflammation, that would appear critical for cardioprotection. However, several large clinical trials utilizing pharmacologic interventions that elevated HDL cholesterol levels failed to provide cardioprotection to at-risk individuals. The reasons for these unexpected results have only recently begun to be elucidated. HDL cholesterol levels and HDL function can be significantly discordant, so that elevating HDL cholesterol levels may not necessarily lead to increased functional capacity, particularly under conditions that cause HDL to become oxidatively modified, resulting in HDL dysfunction. Here we review evidence that oxidative modifications of HDL, including by reactive lipid aldehydes generated by lipid peroxidation, reduce HDL functionality and that dicarbonyl scavengers that protect HDL against lipid aldehyde modification are beneficial in pre-clinical models of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sean S Davies
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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20
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Zhong J, Yang HC, Shelton EL, Matsusaka T, Clark AJ, Yermalitsky V, Mashhadi Z, May-Zhang LS, Linton MF, Fogo AB, Kirabo A, Davies SS, Kon V. Dicarbonyl-modified lipoproteins contribute to proteinuric kidney injury. JCI Insight 2022; 7:161878. [PMID: 36125905 PMCID: PMC9675465 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein modification by reactive dicarbonyls, including isolevuglandin (IsoLG), produces dysfunctional particles. Kidneys participate in lipoprotein metabolism, including tubular uptake. However, the process beyond the proximal tubule is unclear, as is the effect of kidney injury on this pathway. We found that patients and animals with proteinuric injury have increased urinary apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), IsoLG, and IsoLG adduct enrichment of the urinary apoAI fraction compared with other proteins. Proteinuric mice, induced by podocyte-specific injury, showed more tubular absorption of IsoLG-apoAI and increased expression of lipoprotein transporters in proximal tubular cells compared with uninjured animals. Renal lymph reflects composition of the interstitial compartment and showed increased apoAI and IsoLG in proteinuric animals, supporting a tubular cell-interstitium-lymph pathway for renal handling of lipoproteins. IsoLG-modified apoAI was not only a marker of renal injury but also directly damaged renal cells. IsoLG-apoAI increased inflammatory cytokines in cultured tubular epithelial cells (TECs), activated lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), and caused greater contractility of renal lymphatic vessels than unmodified apoAI. In vivo, inhibition of IsoLG by a dicarbonyl scavenger reduced both albuminuria and urinary apoAI and decreased TEC and LEC injury, lymphangiogenesis, and interstitial fibrosis. Our results indicate that IsoLG-modified apoAI is, to our knowledge, a novel pathogenic mediator and therapeutic target in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics and,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics and,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Zahra Mashhadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology
| | | | | | - Agnes B. Fogo
- Department of Pediatrics and,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, and
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology,,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sean S. Davies
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology
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21
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Salivary Redox Homeostasis in Human Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710076. [PMID: 36077473 PMCID: PMC9455999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis is a self-regulatory dynamic process that maintains a stable internal environment in the human body. These regulations are essential for the optimal functioning of enzymes necessary for human health. Homeostasis elucidates disrupted mechanisms leading to the development of various pathological conditions caused by oxidative stress. In our work, we discuss redox homeostasis and salivary antioxidant activity during healthy periods and in periods of disease: dental carries, oral cavity cancer, periodontal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, systemic sclerosis, and pancreatitis. The composition of saliva reflects dynamic changes in the organism, which makes it an excellent tool for determining clinically valuable biomarkers. The oral cavity and saliva may form the first line of defense against oxidative stress. Analysis of salivary antioxidants may be helpful as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic marker of not only oral, but also systemic health.
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22
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Krishnan J, de la Visitación N, Hennen EM, Amarnath V, Harrison DG, Patrick DM. IsoLGs (Isolevuglandins) Drive Neutrophil Migration in Hypertension and Are Essential for the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Hypertension 2022; 79:1644-1655. [PMID: 35686559 PMCID: PMC9308685 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IsoLGs (isolevuglandins) are electrophilic products of lipid peroxidation formed in the presence of reactive oxygen species. IsoLGs contribute to hypertension by an unknown mechanism. Studies have shown that reactive oxygen species production drives the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and that NETs accumulate within the aorta and kidneys of patients with hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of isoLGs in neutrophil migration and NET formation (NETosis) in hypertension. METHODS Mice were treated with Ang II (angiotensin II) and the specific isoLG scavenger 2-hydroxybenzylamine and examined for tissue neutrophil and NET accumulation by single-cell sequencing and flow cytometry. Isolated human neutrophils were studied to determine the role of isoLGs in NETosis and neutrophil chromatin expansion by immunofluorescence and live cell confocal microscopy. RESULTS Single-cell sequencing performed on sham, Ang II, and Ang II+2-hydroxybenzylamine treated mice revealed neutrophils as a primary target of 2-hydroxybenzylamine. Peripheral neutrophil migration, aortic NET accumulation, and renal NET accumulation is blocked with 2-hydroxybenzylamine treatment. In isolated human neutrophils, isoLGs accumulate during NETosis and scavenging of isoLGs prevents NETosis. IsoLGs drive neutrophil chromatin expansion during NETosis and disrupt nucleosome structure. CONCLUSIONS These observations identified a critical role of isoLGs in neutrophil migration and NETosis in hypertension and provide a potential therapy for NET-associated diseases including hypertension and associated end organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Krishnan
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (J.K., N.d.l.V., V.A., D.G.H., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Néstor de la Visitación
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (J.K., N.d.l.V., V.A., D.G.H., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | | | - Venkataraman Amarnath
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (J.K., N.d.l.V., V.A., D.G.H., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - David G Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (J.K., N.d.l.V., V.A., D.G.H., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.G.H., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - David M Patrick
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (J.K., N.d.l.V., V.A., D.G.H., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.G.H., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN (D.M.P.)
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23
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Serum anti-malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde IgA antibody concentration improves prediction of coronary atherosclerosis beyond traditional risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10547. [PMID: 35732827 PMCID: PMC9217813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased atherosclerosis; oxidative stress may be a contributor. Oxidative stress produces immunogenic malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) protein adducts and anti-MAA antibodies are detectable in human serum. We hypothesized that anti-MAA antibody concentrations are associated with coronary atherosclerosis in RA patients. Serum concentrations of anti-MAA antibodies (IgA, IgG, and IgM) were measured in 166 RA patients using ELISA cross-sectionally. Relationship between anti-MAA antibody concentrations and cardiovascular and metabolic measures and predictive accuracy of anti-MAA antibodies for presence of coronary artery calcium (CAC) and high CAC (≥ 300 Agatston units or ≥ 75th percentile) were assessed. Only serum IgA anti-MAA antibody concentration was associated with increased CAC, insulin resistance, and decreased high-density lipoprotein particle number. When added as an interaction term with ACC/AHA 10-year risk score plus high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IgA anti-MAA antibody concentration improved the C-statistic for prediction of any CAC and high CAC compared to ACC/AHA 10-year risk score plus hs-CRP alone. IgA anti-MAA concentration is associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors and modifies the relationship between ACC/AHA 10-year risk score and CAC in RA patients. IgA anti-MAA concentration could assist in prediction of atherosclerotic CVD and risk stratification when added to standard measures of cardiovascular risk.
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24
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Inflammation, Lymphatics, and Cardiovascular Disease: Amplification by Chronic Kidney Disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:455-463. [PMID: 35727522 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Kidney disease is a strong modulator of the composition and metabolism of the intestinal microbiome that produces toxins and inflammatory factors. The primary pathways for these harmful factors are blood vessels and nerves. Although lymphatic vessels are responsible for clearance of interstitial fluids, macromolecules, and cells, little is known about whether and how kidney injury impacts the intestinal lymphatic network. RECENT FINDINGS Kidney injury stimulates intestinal lymphangiogenesis, activates lymphatic endothelial cells, and increases mesenteric lymph flow. The mesenteric lymph of kidney-injured animals contains increased levels of cytokines, immune cells, isolevuglandin (IsoLG), a highly reactive dicarbonyl, and of apolipoprotein AI (apoAI). IsoLG is increased in the ileum of kidney injured animals, and intestinal epithelial cells exposed to myeloperoxidase produce more IsoLG. IsoLG-modified apoAI directly increases lymphatic vessel contractions and activates lymphatic endothelial cells. Inhibition of IsoLG by carbonyl scavenger treatment reduces intestinal lymphangiogenesis in kidney-injured animals. Research from our group and others suggests a novel mediator (IsoLG-modified apoAI) and a new pathway (intestinal lymphatic network) in the cross talk between kidneys and intestines and heart. Kidney injury activates intestinal lymphangiogenesis and increases lymphatic flow via mechanisms involving intestinally generated IsoLG. The data identify a new pathway in the kidney gut-heart axis and present a new target for kidney disease-induced intestinal disruptions that may lessen the major adverse consequence of kidney impairment, namely cardiovascular disease.
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25
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Linton MF, Yancey PG, Leuthner ZM, Brown JD. The FoxOs are in the ApoM house. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:158471. [PMID: 35362476 PMCID: PMC8970665 DOI: 10.1172/jci158471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome continues to increase globally and heightens the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Insulin resistance is a core pathophysiologic mechanism that causes abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and atherogenic changes in circulating lipoprotein quantity and function. In particular, dysfunctional HDL is postulated to contribute to CVD risk in part via loss of HDL-associated sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). In this issue of the JCI, Izquierdo et al. demonstrate that HDL from humans with insulin resistance contained lower levels of S1P. Apolipoprotein M (ApoM), a protein constituent of HDL that binds S1P and controls bioavailability was decreased in insulin-resistant db/db mice. Gain- and loss-of-function mouse models implicated the forkhead box O transcription factors (FoxO1,3,4) in the regulation of both ApoM and HDL-associated S1P. These data have important implications for potential FoxO-based therapies designed to treat lipid and carbohydrate abnormalities associated with human metabolic disease and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacRae F Linton
- Department of Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Patricia G Yancey
- Department of Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and
| | - Zoe M Leuthner
- Department of Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and
| | - Jonathan D Brown
- Department of Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and
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26
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Guo J, Xu F, Ji H, Jing Y, Shen L, Weng X, Hu L. Isolevuglandins Scavenger Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemic Injury by Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:836035. [PMID: 35356291 PMCID: PMC8959416 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.836035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Augmented levels of reactive isolevuglandins (IsoLGs) are responsible for cardiovascular diseases. The role of IsoLGs in myocardial infarction (MI) remains elusive. Here we explored the effect of IsoLGs scavenger 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) in post-infarction cardiac repair. We observed that infarcted cardiac tissues expressed high IsoLGs in mice. Following MI injury, 2-HOBA treated mice displayed decreased infarction area and improved heart function compared with the saline-treated group. Moreover, 2-HOBA effectively attenuated MI-induced cardiac remodeling, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. 4-hydroxybenzylamine (4-HOBA), a less reactive isomer of 2-HOBA, barely antagonized the MI-induced injury. These findings suggest that IsoLGs elimination may be helpful in MI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Municipal Key Laboratory of Hypertension (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine), Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Junjie Guo, ; Xinyu Weng, ; Longgang Hu,
| | - Fengqiang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Municipal Key Laboratory of Hypertension (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine), Qingdao, China
| | - Hongwei Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Municipal Key Laboratory of Hypertension (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine), Qingdao, China
| | - Yajun Jing
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Junjie Guo, ; Xinyu Weng, ; Longgang Hu,
| | - Longgang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Junjie Guo, ; Xinyu Weng, ; Longgang Hu,
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27
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Li J, Wu D, Xiao Y, Li C, Ji X, Sun Q, Chang D, Zhou L, Jing D, Gong J, Chen W. Salts of 2-hydroxybenzylamine with improvements on solubility and stability: Virtual and experimental screening. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 169:106091. [PMID: 34875374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
2-Hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) is a drug used to effectively treat oxidative stress. To improve its aqueous solubility and thermal stability, salt screening and synthesis was carried out. The conductor-like screening model for the real solvents model (COSMO-RS) was applied to virtual screening of coformers among 200 commonly used candidates for salification of 2-HOBA. As a result, 40 hit compounds were subjected to experimental liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) with 2-HOBA, then 21 systems were characterized as new solid phases by PXRD. Nine multicomponent single crystals of 2-HOBA with succinic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, o-nitrobenzoic acid, p-toluic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, p-nitrophenol, and 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid were obtained and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. All of them were salts and exhibited higher decomposition temperatures compared with pure 2-HOBA. The apparent aqueous solubility of three new salts, i.e., those with succinic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, and p-nitrophenol were higher than the equilibrium solubility of 2-HOBA. The accelerated stability test indicated that all salts show excellent stability under conditions (40 °C and 75% RH) for 4 weeks. Overall, this work introduced a protocol that combined the virtual screening tool based on the COSMO-RS model and the experimental LAG method to screen new salts for a target compound. The feasibility of this protocol was confirmed in the case of 2-HOBA whose new salts were successfully obtained and represented an improvement for aqueous solubility and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiulong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yuntian Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Chang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xu Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Qin Sun
- Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co., Ltd., Shenyang, Liaoning 110021, PR China
| | - Dewu Chang
- Shandong Lukang pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jining, Shandong 272104, PR China
| | - Lina Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; National Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Dingding Jing
- Asymchem Life Science Tianjin Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Junbo Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; National Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; National Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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Farahi L, Sinha SK, Lusis AJ. Roles of Macrophages in Atherogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:785220. [PMID: 34899348 PMCID: PMC8660976 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that may ultimately lead to local proteolysis, plaque rupture, and thrombotic vascular disease, resulting in myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden cardiac death. Circulating monocytes are recruited to the arterial wall in response to inflammatory insults and differentiate into macrophages which make a critical contribution to tissue damage, wound healing, and also regression of atherosclerotic lesions. Within plaques, macrophages take up aggregated lipoproteins which have entered the vessel wall to give rise to cholesterol-engorged foam cells. Also, the macrophage phenotype is influenced by various stimuli which affect their polarization, efferocytosis, proliferation, and apoptosis. The heterogeneity of macrophages in lesions has recently been addressed by single-cell sequencing techniques. This article reviews recent advances regarding the roles of macrophages in different stages of disease pathogenesis from initiation to advanced atherosclerosis. Macrophage-based therapies for atherosclerosis management are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Farahi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Satyesh K. Sinha
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Emerging Anti-Atherosclerotic Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212109. [PMID: 34829992 PMCID: PMC8624828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CAD) is the main cause of morbidity and deaths in the western world. The development of atherosclerosis underlying CAD development begins early in human life. There are numerous genetic and environmental risk factors accelerating its progression which then leads to the occurrence of acute events. Despite considerable progress in determining risk factors, there is still a lot of work ahead since identified determinants are responsible only for a part of overall CAD risk. Current therapies are insufficient to successfully reduce the risk of atherosclerosis development. Therefore, there is a need for effective preventive measures of clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis since the currently available drugs cannot prevent the occurrence of even 70% of clinical events. The shift of the target from lipid metabolism has opened the door to many new therapeutic targets. Currently, the majority of known targets for anti-atherosclerotic drugs focus also on inflammation (a common mediator of many risk factors), mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis, molecule scavengers, etc. The therapeutic potential of cyclodextrins, protein kinase inhibitors, colchicine, inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), lipid dicarbonyl scavengers, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1β, and P-selectin inhibitors is still not fully confirmed and requires confirmation in large clinical trials. The preliminary results look promising.
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Cardiovascular protective effect of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and its major bioactive constituent piperine. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Kon V, Yang HC, Smith LE, Vickers KC, Linton MF. High-Density Lipoproteins in Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158201. [PMID: 34360965 PMCID: PMC8348850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of epidemiological studies have established the strong inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration and cardiovascular disease. Recent evidence suggests that HDL particle functions, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions, and cholesterol efflux capacity may be more strongly associated with cardiovascular disease protection than HDL cholesterol concentration. These HDL functions are also relevant in non-cardiovascular diseases, including acute and chronic kidney disease. This review examines our current understanding of the kidneys’ role in HDL metabolism and homeostasis, and the effect of kidney disease on HDL composition and functionality. Additionally, the roles of HDL particles, proteins, and small RNA cargo on kidney cell function and on the development and progression of both acute and chronic kidney disease are examined. The effect of HDL protein modification by reactive dicarbonyls, including malondialdehyde and isolevuglandin, which form adducts with apolipoprotein A-I and impair proper HDL function in kidney disease, is also explored. Finally, the potential to develop targeted therapies that increase HDL concentration or functionality to improve acute or chronic kidney disease outcomes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (V.K.); (H.-C.Y.)
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (V.K.); (H.-C.Y.)
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Loren E. Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Kasey C. Vickers
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - MacRae F. Linton
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Correspondence:
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Myeloperoxidase-induced modification of HDL by isolevuglandins inhibits paraoxonase-1 activity. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101019. [PMID: 34331945 PMCID: PMC8390528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced activity of paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme, has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Post-translational modifications of PON1 may represent important mechanisms leading to reduced PON1 activity. Under atherosclerotic conditions, myeloperoxidase (MPO) is known to associate with HDL. MPO generates the oxidants hypochlorous acid and nitrogen dioxide, which can lead to post-translational modification of PON1, including tyrosine modifications that inhibit PON1 activity. Nitrogen dioxide also drives lipid peroxidation, leading to the formation of reactive lipid dicarbonyls such as malondialdehyde and isolevuglandins, which modify HDL and could inhibit PON1 activity. Because isolevuglandins are more reactive than malondialdehyde, we used in vitro models containing HDL, PON1, and MPO to test the hypothesis that IsoLG formation by MPO and its subsequent modification of HDL contributes to MPO-mediated reductions in PON1 activity. Incubation of MPO with HDL led to modification of HDL proteins, including PON1, by IsoLG. Incubation of HDL with IsoLG reduced PON1 lactonase and antiperoxidation activities. IsoLG modification of recombinant PON1 markedly inhibited its activity, while irreversible IsoLG modification of HDL before adding recombinant PON1 only slightly inhibited the ability of HDL to enhance the catalytic activity of recombinant PON1. Together, these studies support the notion that association of MPO with HDL leads to lower PON1 activity in part via IsoLG-mediated modification of PON1, so that IsoLG modification of PON1 could contribute to increased risk for atherosclerosis, and blocking this modification might prove beneficial to reduce atherosclerosis.
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van Gelder MK, Vollenbroek JC, Lentferink BH, Hazenbrink DHM, Besseling PJ, Simonis F, Giovanella S, Ligabue G, Bajo Rubio MA, Cappelli G, Joles JA, Verhaar MC, Gerritsen KGF. Safety of electrooxidation for urea removal in a wearable artificial kidney is compromised by formation of glucose degradation products. Artif Organs 2021; 45:1422-1428. [PMID: 34251693 PMCID: PMC8597045 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge for the development of a wearable artificial kidney (WAK) is the removal of urea from the spent dialysate, as urea is the waste solute with the highest daily molar production and is difficult to adsorb. Here we present results on glucose degradation products (GDPs) formed during electrooxidation (EO), a technique that applies a current to the dialysate to convert urea into nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen gas. Uremic plasma and peritoneal effluent were dialyzed for 8 hours with a WAK with and without EO‐based dialysate regeneration. Samples were taken regularly during treatment. GDPs (glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and 3‐deoxyglucosone) were measured in EO‐ and non‐EO‐treated fluids. Glyoxal and methylglyoxal concentrations increased 26‐ and 11‐fold, respectively, in uremic plasma (at [glucose] 7 mmol/L) and 209‐ and 353‐fold, respectively, in peritoneal effluent (at [glucose] 100 mmol/L) during treatment with EO, whereas no change was observed in GDP concentrations during dialysate regeneration without EO. EO for dialysate regeneration in a WAK is currently not safe due to the generation of GDPs which are not biocompatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike K van Gelder
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen C Vollenbroek
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Babette H Lentferink
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diënty H M Hazenbrink
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Besseling
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Silvia Giovanella
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Ligabue
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria A Bajo Rubio
- Nephrology Service, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital and IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianni Cappelli
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jaap A Joles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin G F Gerritsen
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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34
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Vickers KC, Michell DL. HDL-small RNA Export, Transport, and Functional Delivery in Atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:38. [PMID: 33983531 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights recent advances on the mechanisms and impact of HDL-small non-coding RNAs (sRNA) on intercellular communication in atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Studies demonstrate that HDL-microRNAs (miRNA) are significantly altered in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and are responsive to diet, obesity, and diabetes. Immune cells, pancreatic beta cells, and neurons are shown to export miRNAs to HDL. In turn, HDL can deliver functional miRNAs to recipient hepatocytes and endothelial cells regulating adhesion molecule expression, cytokines, and angiogenesis. With high-throughput sRNA sequencing, we now appreciate the full sRNA signature on circulating HDL, including the transport of rRNA and tRNA-derived fragments. Strikingly, HDL were highly enriched with exogenous microbial sRNAs. HDL transport a diverse set of host and non-host sRNAs that are altered in cardiometabolic diseases. Given the bioactivity of these sRNAs, they likely contribute to cellular communication within atherosclerotic lesions, and are potential disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave. 312 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Danielle L Michell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave. 312 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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35
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Escolà-Gil JC, Rotllan N, Julve J, Blanco-Vaca F. Reverse Cholesterol Transport Dysfunction Is a Feature of Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:29. [PMID: 33914189 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We seek to establish whether high-density lipoprotein HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) impairment is an intrinsic feature of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). RECENT FINDINGS RCT from macrophages (m-RCT), a vascular cell type of major influence on atherosclerosis, is impaired in FH due to defective low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) function via both the HDL- and LDL-mediated pathways. Potential mechanisms include impaired HDL metabolism, which is linked to increased LDL levels, as well as the increased transport of cellular unesterified cholesterol to LDL, which presents a defective catabolism. RCT dysfunction is consistently associated with mutation-positive FH linked to decreased HDL levels as well as impaired HDL remodeling and LDLR function. It remains to be explored whether these alterations are also present in less well-characterized forms of FH, such as cases with no identified mutations, and whether they are fully corrected by current standard treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain. .,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Noemí Rotllan
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Felix FB, Vago JP, Fernandes DDO, Martins DG, Moreira IZ, Gonçalves WA, Costa WC, Araújo JMD, Queiroz-Junior CM, Campolina-Silva GH, Soriani FM, Sousa LP, Grespan R, Teixeira MM, Pinho V. Biochanin A Regulates Key Steps of Inflammation Resolution in a Model of Antigen-Induced Arthritis via GPR30/PKA-Dependent Mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:662308. [PMID: 33995086 PMCID: PMC8114065 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.662308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochanin A (BCA) is a natural organic compound of the class of phytochemicals known as flavonoids and isoflavone subclass predominantly found in red clover (Trifolium pratense). It has anti-inflammatory activity and some pro-resolving actions, such as neutrophil apoptosis. However, the effect of BCA in the resolution of inflammation is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of BCA on the neutrophilic inflammatory response and its resolution in a model of antigen-induced arthritis. Male wild-type BALB/c mice were treated with BCA at the peak of the inflammatory process (12 h). BCA decreased the accumulation of migrated neutrophils, and this effect was associated with reduction of myeloperoxidase activity, IL-1β and CXCL1 levels, and the histological score in periarticular tissues. Joint dysfunction, as seen by mechanical hypernociception, was improved by treatment with BCA. The resolution interval (Ri) was also quantified, defining profiles of acute inflammatory parameters that include the amplitude and duration of the inflammatory response monitored by the neutrophil infiltration. BCA treatment shortened Ri from ∼23 h observed in vehicle-treated mice to ∼5.5 h, associated with an increase in apoptotic events and efferocytosis, both key steps for the resolution of inflammation. These effects of BCA were prevented by H89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA) and G15, a selective G protein–coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) antagonist. In line with the in vivo data, BCA also increased the efferocytic ability of murine bone marrow–derived macrophages. Collectively, these data indicate for the first time that BCA resolves neutrophilic inflammation acting in key steps of the resolution of inflammation, requiring activation of GPR30 and via stimulation of cAMP-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciel Batista Felix
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Priscila Vago
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Débora de Oliveira Fernandes
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Débora Gonzaga Martins
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabella Zaidan Moreira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - William Antonio Gonçalves
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Walyson Coelho Costa
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Frederico Marianetti Soriani
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia Pires Sousa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renata Grespan
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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In-Depth AGE and ALE Profiling of Human Albumin in Heart Failure: Ex Vivo Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030358. [PMID: 33673523 PMCID: PMC7997412 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end-products (ALEs), particularly carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), have been largely proposed as factors involved in the establishment and progression of heart failure (HF). Despite this evidence, the current literature lacks the comprehensive identification and characterization of the plasma AGEs/ALEs involved in HF (untargeted approach). This work provides the first ex vivo high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) profiling of AGEs/ALEs occurring in human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in plasma, characterized by several nucleophilic sites and thus representing the main protein substrate for AGE/ALE formation. A set of AGE/ALE adducts in pooled HF-HSA samples was defined, and a semi-quantitative analysis was carried out in order to finally select those presenting in increased amounts in the HF samples with respect to the control condition. These adducts were statistically confirmed by monitoring their content in individual HF samples by applying a targeted approach. Selected AGEs/ALEs proved to be mostly CML derivatives on Lys residues (i.e., CML-Lys12, CML-Lys378, CML-Lys402), and one deoxy-fructosyl derivative on the Lys 389 (DFK-Lys 389). The nature of CML adducts was finally confirmed using immunological methods and in vitro production of such adducts further confirmed by mass spectrometry.
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Di Gioia M, Zanoni I. Dooming Phagocyte Responses: Inflammatory Effects of Endogenous Oxidized Phospholipids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:626842. [PMID: 33790857 PMCID: PMC8005915 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.626842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous oxidized phospholipids are produced during tissue stress and are responsible for sustaining inflammatory responses in immune as well as non-immune cells. Their local and systemic production and accumulation is associated with the etiology and progression of several inflammatory diseases, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie the biological activities of these oxidized phospholipids remain elusive. Increasing evidence highlights the ability of these stress mediators to modulate cellular metabolism and pro-inflammatory signaling in phagocytes, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and to alter the activation and polarization of these cells. Because these immune cells serve a key role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and organ function, understanding how endogenous oxidized lipids reshape phagocyte biology and function is vital for designing clinical tools and interventions for preventing, slowing down, or resolving chronic inflammatory disorders that are driven by phagocyte dysfunction. Here, we discuss the metabolic and signaling processes elicited by endogenous oxidized lipids and outline new hypotheses and models to elucidate the impact of these lipids on phagocytes and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Gioia
- Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ivan Zanoni,
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Aschner M, Nguyen TT, Sinitskii AI, Santamaría A, Bornhorst J, Ajsuvakova OP, da Rocha JBT, Skalny AV, Tinkov AA. Isolevuglandins (isoLGs) as toxic lipid peroxidation byproducts and their pathogenetic role in human diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:266-273. [PMID: 33099003 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation results in generation of a variety of lipid hydroperoxides and other highly reactive species that covalently modify proteins, nucleic acids, and other lipids, thus resulting in lipotoxicity. Although biological relevance of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) is well studied, the existing data on the role of isolevuglandins (isoLGs) in pathology are insufficient. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to review the existing data on biological effects of isoLG and isoLG adducts and their role in multiple diseases. Sixty four highly reactive levuglandin-like γ-ketoaldehyde (γ-KA, or isoketals, IsoK, or isolevuglandins, IsoLG) regio- and stereo-isomers are formed as products of arachidonic acid oxidation. IsoLGs react covalently with lysyl residues of proteins to form a stable adduct and intramolecular aminal, bispyrrole, and trispyrrole cross-links. Phosphatidylethanolamine was also shown to be the target for isoLG binding as compared to proteins and DNA. Free IsoLGs are not detectable in vivo, although isolevuglandin adduction to amino acid residues of particular proteins may be evaluated with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Adducts formed were shown to play a significant role in the development and maintenance of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. These, and more specific molecular pathways, link isoLG and isoLG-adduct formation to develop a variety of pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure), obesity and diabetes, cancer, neurodegeneration, eye diseases (retinal degeneration and glaucoma), as well as ageing. Hypothetically, isoLGs and isoLG adduct formation may be considered as the potential target for treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Thuy T Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | | | - Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
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40
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Bornfeldt KE, Linton MF, Fisher EA, Guyton JR. JCL roundtable: Lipids and inflammation in atherosclerosis. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:3-17. [PMID: 33589093 PMCID: PMC10009885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Clinical effort in lipidology focuses largely on mitigating effects of atherosclerosis, a pathologic process localized to the intimal layer of larger arteries. This JCL Roundtable brings together 3 leading researchers to discuss the current understanding of pathogenesis in atherosclerosis. We begin by recognizing that low density lipoprotein concentrations in arterial intima far exceed concentrations in other connective tissues, consistent with the response-to-retention hypothesis of atherogenesis. High density lipoproteins facilitate reverse cholesterol transport and also have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles. New evidence points to remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins as promoters of atherogenesis, highlighted by deleterious effects of apolipoprotein C-III. The multifaceted role of inflammation is becoming clearer through discoveries related to leukocyte recruitment, efferocytosis, resolution of inflammation, and crystal formation. MicroRNAs represent a new, complex mode of gene regulation bearing on lipoprotein and inflammation biology. Progress in understanding atherosclerosis portends a future in which residual risk related to obesity, diabetes, and other factors will yield to new targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin E Bornfeldt
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Lipid Clinic and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Division of Cardiology, Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John R Guyton
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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41
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May-Zhang LS, Kirabo A, Huang J, Linton MF, Davies SS, Murray KT. Scavenging Reactive Lipids to Prevent Oxidative Injury. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 61:291-308. [PMID: 32997599 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031620-035348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative injury due to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species is implicated in cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, lung and liver diseases, and many cancers. Antioxidant therapies have generally been ineffective at treating these diseases, potentially due to ineffective doses but also due to interference with critical host defense and signaling processes. Therefore, alternative strategies to prevent oxidative injury are needed. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species induce lipid peroxidation, generating reactive lipid dicarbonyls. These lipid oxidation products may be the most salient mediators of oxidative injury, as they cause cellular and organ dysfunction by adducting to proteins, lipids, and DNA. Small-molecule compounds have been developed in the past decade to selectively and effectively scavenge these reactive lipid dicarbonyls. This review outlines evidence supporting the role of lipid dicarbonyls in disease pathogenesis, as well as preclinical data supporting the efficacy of novel dicarbonyl scavengers in treating or preventing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S May-Zhang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA;
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA;
| | - Jiansheng Huang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA;
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA;
| | - Sean S Davies
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA;
| | - Katherine T Murray
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA;
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