1
|
Zhang JH, Li Z, Liu Z, Li M, Guo J, Du J, Cai C, Zhang S, Sun N, Li Y, Xu X, Hao X, Yamauchi Y. Inorganic Dielectric Materials Coupling Micro-/Nanoarchitectures for State-of-the-Art Biomechanical-to-Electrical Energy Conversion Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2025:e2419081. [PMID: 40317564 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202419081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 05/07/2025]
Abstract
Biomechanical-to-electrical energy conversion technology rapidly developed with the emergence of nanogenerators (NGs) in 2006, which proves promising in distributed energy management for the Internet of Things, self-powered sensing, and human-computer interaction. Recently, researchers have increasingly integrated inorganic dielectric materials (IDMs) and micro-/nanoarchitectures into various types of NGs (i.e., triboelectric, piezoelectric, and flexoelectric NGs). This strategy significantly enhances the electrical performance, enabling near-theoretical energy harvesting capability and precise multiple physiological information detection. However, because micro-/nanoarchitectured IDMs function differently in each type of NG, numerous studies have focused on a single NG type and lack a unified perspective on their role across all types of biomechanical energy NGs. In this review, from an overall theoretical root of NGs, the performance enhancement mechanisms and effects of designs of IDMs coupling micro-/nanoarchitectures of various kinds of biomechanical energy NGs are systematically summarized. Next, advanced applications in human energy scavenging and physiological signal sensing are delved into. Finally, challenges and rational guidelines for designing future devices are discussed. This work provides researchers with in-depth insight into the development of high-performance personalized high-entropy power supplies and sensor networks via biomechanical-to-electrical energy conversion technologies based on IDMs coupling micro-/nanoarchitectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Han Zhang
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Electronic-Photonic Smart Sensing Device R&D Team, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Intelligent Communication and Sensing and Signal Processing, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Zhengtong Li
- Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zeng Liu
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Electronic-Photonic Smart Sensing Device R&D Team, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Intelligent Communication and Sensing and Signal Processing, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Electronic-Photonic Smart Sensing Device R&D Team, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Intelligent Communication and Sensing and Signal Processing, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Electronic-Photonic Smart Sensing Device R&D Team, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Intelligent Communication and Sensing and Signal Processing, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Jinhua Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Changkun Cai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Shaohui Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Electronic Instruments and Materials, Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, China
| | - Ningning Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Yong Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Xingtao Xu
- China Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Xihong Hao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang H, Yang C, Xia H, An W, Qi M, Zhang D. Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembled Honeycomb Structure Flexible Pressure Sensor Array for Gait Analysis and Motion Posture Recognition with the Assistance of the ResNet-50 Neural Network. ACS Sens 2025; 10:2358-2366. [PMID: 40064549 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
With the rapid emergence of flexible electronics, flexible pressure sensors are of importance in various fields. In this study, a dopamine-modified melamine sponge (MS) was used to prepare a honeycomb structure of carbon black (CB)/MXene-silicone rubber (SR)@MS flexible pressure sensor (CMSM) through layer-by-layer self-assembly technology. Using SR as a binder to construct the honeycomb structure not only improves the mechanical properties of the sensor but also provides more attachment sites for CB/MXene, enhancing the stability of the conductive network. The honeycomb structure CMSM flexible pressure sensor exhibits high sensitivity (7.44 kPa-1), a wide detection range (0-240 kPa), short response/recovery times (150 ms/180 ms), and exhibits excellent stability. In addition, a flexible smart insole has been developed based on a 6-unit CMSM sensor array, achieving plantar pressure detection. By combination of the ResNet-50 neural network algorithm with plantar pressure data under different postures, the recognition of 16 types of human motion postures has been achieved, with an accuracy rate of 90.63%. This study proposes a flexible sponge pressure sensor with excellent mechanical performance and sensing capabilities, providing new ideas and references for the design of flexible wearable sensor devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Wenzheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Mingyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo Y, Sun X, Li L, Shi Y, Cheng W, Pan L. Deep-Learning-Based Analysis of Electronic Skin Sensing Data. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 25:1615. [PMID: 40096464 PMCID: PMC11902811 DOI: 10.3390/s25051615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2025] [Revised: 02/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
E-skin is an integrated electronic system that can mimic the perceptual ability of human skin. Traditional analysis methods struggle to handle complex e-skin data, which include time series and multiple patterns, especially when dealing with intricate signals and real-time responses. Recently, deep learning techniques, such as the convolutional neural network, recurrent neural network, and transformer methods, provide effective solutions that can automatically extract data features and recognize patterns, significantly improving the analysis of e-skin data. Deep learning is not only capable of handling multimodal data but can also provide real-time response and personalized predictions in dynamic environments. Nevertheless, problems such as insufficient data annotation and high demand for computational resources still limit the application of e-skin. Optimizing deep learning algorithms, improving computational efficiency, and exploring hardware-algorithm co-designing will be the key to future development. This review aims to present the deep learning techniques applied in e-skin and provide inspiration for subsequent researchers. We first summarize the sources and characteristics of e-skin data and review the deep learning models applicable to e-skin data and their applications in data analysis. Additionally, we discuss the use of deep learning in e-skin, particularly in health monitoring and human-machine interactions, and we explore the current challenges and future development directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yi Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (Y.G.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Wen Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (Y.G.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (Y.G.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guan T, Li H, Liu J, Zhang W, Wang S, Ye W, Bian B, Yi X, Wu Y, Liu Y, Du J, Shang J, Li RW. Preparation of Ion Composite Photosensitive Resin and Its Application in 3D-Printing Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 25:1348. [PMID: 40096106 PMCID: PMC11902503 DOI: 10.3390/s25051348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2025] [Revised: 02/17/2025] [Accepted: 02/21/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors play an extremely important role in the fields of intelligent medical treatment, humanoid robots, and so on. However, the low sensitivity and the small initial capacitance still limit its application and development. At present, the method of constructing the microstructure of the dielectric layer is commonly used to improve the sensitivity of the sensor, but there are some problems, such as the complex process and inaccurate control of the microstructure. In this work, an ion composite photosensitive resin based on polyurethane acrylate and ionic liquids (ILs) was prepared. The high compatibility of the photosensitive resin and ILs was achieved by adding a chitooligosaccharide (COS) chain extender. The microstructure of the dielectric layer was optimized by digital light processing (DLP) 3D-printing. Due to the introduction of ILs to construct an electric double layer (EDL), the flexible pressure sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 32.62 kPa-1, which is 12.2 times higher than that without ILs. It also has a wide range of 100 kPa and a fast response time of 51 ms. It has a good pressure response under different pressures and can realize the demonstration application of human health.
Collapse
Grants
- U22A20248, U24A6001, 52127803, U24A20228, U22A2075, 62174165, 52301256, 52401257, 52201236, M-0152 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2024YFB3814100, 2023YFC3603500 National Key R&D Program of China
- 181GJHZ2024138GC International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 2018334 Chinese Academy of Sciences Youth Innovation Promotion Association
- CASSHB-QNPD-2023-022 Talent Plan of Shanghai Branch, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 2022A-007-C Project of Zhejiang Province(2022R52004), Ningbo Technology Project
- 2022J288, 2023J049, 2023J345 Ningbo Natural Science Foundations
- 2023Z097, 2024Z148, 2024Z143, 2024Z199, 2024Z171 Ningbo Key Research and Development Program
- 2023S067 Ningbo Public Welfare Program
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China;
| | - Huayang Li
- Yongjiang Laboratory, Ningbo 315201, China;
| | - Jinyun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.Y.); (B.B.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wuxu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.Y.); (B.B.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.Y.); (B.B.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wentao Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.Y.); (B.B.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoru Bian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.Y.); (B.B.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaohui Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.Y.); (B.B.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuanzhao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.Y.); (B.B.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.Y.); (B.B.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China;
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.Y.); (B.B.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.Y.); (B.B.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim M, Hong S, Khan R, Park JJ, In JB, Ko SH. Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Biosignal Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2025; 21:e2405301. [PMID: 39610205 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024]
Abstract
Recent research for medical fields, robotics, and wearable electronics aims to utilize biosignal sensors to gather bio-originated information and generate new values such as evaluating user well-being, predicting behavioral patterns, and supporting disease diagnosis and prevention. Notably, most biosignal sensors are designed for body placement to directly acquire signals, and the incorporation of nanomaterials such as metal-based nanoparticles or nanowires, carbon-based or polymer-based nanomaterials-offering stretchability, high surface-to-volume ratio, and tunability for various properties-enhances their adaptability for such applications. This review categorizes nanomaterial-based biosignal sensors into three types and analyzes them: 1) biophysical sensors that detect deformation such as folding, stretching, and even pulse, 2) bioelectric sensors that capture electric signal originating from human body such as heart and nerves, and 3) biochemical sensors that catch signals from bio-originated fluids such as sweat, saliva and blood. Then, limitations and improvements to nanomaterial-based biosignal sensors is depicted. Lastly, it is highlighted on deep learning-based signal processing and human-machine interface applications, which can enhance the potential of biosignal sensors. Through this paper, it is aim to provide an understanding of nanomaterial-based biosignal sensors, outline the current state of the technology, discuss the challenges that be addressed, and suggest directions for development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo Kim
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Hong
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Rizwan Khan
- Soft Energy Systems and Laser Applications Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jae Park
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bin In
- Soft Energy Systems and Laser Applications Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research / Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu J, Ai M, Liu C, Bi H, Wu X, Ying WB, Yu Z. Cilia-Inspired Bionic Tactile E-Skin: Structure, Fabrication and Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 25:76. [PMID: 39796867 PMCID: PMC11722616 DOI: 10.3390/s25010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025]
Abstract
The rapid advancement of tactile electronic skin (E-skin) has highlighted the effectiveness of incorporating bionic, force-sensitive microstructures in order to enhance sensing performance. Among these, cilia-like microstructures with high aspect ratios, whose inspiration is mammalian hair and the lateral line system of fish, have attracted significant attention for their unique ability to enable E-skin to detect weak signals, even in extreme conditions. Herein, this review critically examines recent progress in the development of cilia-inspired bionic tactile E-skin, with a focus on columnar, conical and filiform microstructures, as well as their fabrication strategies, including template-based and template-free methods. The relationship between sensing performance and fabrication approaches is thoroughly analyzed, offering a framework for optimizing sensitivity and resilience. We also explore the applications of these systems across various fields, such as medical diagnostics, motion detection, human-machine interfaces, dexterous robotics, near-field communication, and perceptual decoupling systems. Finally, we provide insights into the pathways toward industrializing cilia-inspired bionic tactile E-skin, aiming to drive innovation and unlock the technology's potential for future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Yu
- In Situ Devices Center, School of Integrated Circuits, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Muxi Ai
- In Situ Devices Center, School of Integrated Circuits, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Cairong Liu
- In Situ Devices Center, School of Integrated Circuits, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hengchang Bi
- In Situ Devices Center, School of Integrated Circuits, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xing Wu
- In Situ Devices Center, School of Integrated Circuits, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wu Bin Ying
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhe Yu
- In Situ Devices Center, School of Integrated Circuits, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jung Y, Ko SH. Radiative cooling technology with artificial intelligence. iScience 2024; 27:111325. [PMID: 39628588 PMCID: PMC11612785 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2024] Open
Abstract
As sustainable thermal management becomes a global priority, the development of radiative cooling (RC) technology has recently emerged as a promising solution. Simultaneously, recent advent of artificial intelligence (AI) offers the potential to revolutionize current research in sustainable cooling strategies. This article discusses the advancement of radiative cooling technology through the integration of AI, tackling the challenging issues arising from the conventional approach and offering strategic solutions to address global issues. AI, capable of mimicking or exceeding human capabilities through various algorithms, enables the efficient optimization of RC structures. Moreover, integrating AI with advanced RC technologies, which have the potential to surpass traditional RC configurations and applications but are still in the early stages, can further accelerate progress in the field of RC. Hence, AI-driven RC technologies will contribute to addressing the increasingly prevalent environmental challenges, further being a leading solution for next-generation sustainable thermal managements as these technologies continue to mature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeongju Jung
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design (SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research / Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wan B, Xiao M, Dong X, Yang X, Zheng MS, Dang ZM, Chen G, Zha JW. Dynamic Covalent Adaptable Polyimide Hybrid Dielectric Films with Superior Recyclability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304175. [PMID: 37382198 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Polyimides (PIs) used in advanced electrical and electronic devices can be electrically/mechanically damaged, resulting in a significant waste of resources. Closed-loop chemical recycling may prolong the service life of synthetic polymers. However, the design of dynamic covalent bonds for preparing chemically recyclable crosslinked PIs remains a challenging task. Herein, new crosslinked PI films containing a PI oligomer, chain extender, and crosslinker are reported. They exhibit superior recyclability and excellent self-healable ability owing to the synergistic effect of the chain extender and crosslinker. The produced films can be completely depolymerized in an acidic solution at ambient temperature, leading to efficient monomer recovery. The recovered monomers may be used to remanufacture crosslinked PIs without deteriorating their original performance. In particular, the designed films can serve as corona-resistant films with a recovery rate of approximately 100%. Furthermore, carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs) with PI matrices are suitable for harsh environments and can be recycled multiple times at a non-destructive recycling rate up to 100%. The preparation of high-strength dynamic covalent adaptable PI hybrid films from simple PI oligomers, chain extenders, and crosslinkers may provide a solid basis for sustainable development in the electrical and electronic fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoquan Wan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Mengyu Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodi Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xing Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Sheng Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528300, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Min Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - George Chen
- Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jun-Wei Zha
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528300, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang S, Fan P, Liu W, Hu B, Guo J, Wang Z, Zhu S, Zhao Y, Fan J, Li G, Xu L. Research Progress of Flexible Electronic Devices Based on Electrospun Nanofibers. ACS NANO 2024; 18:31737-31772. [PMID: 39499656 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2024]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers have become an important component in fabricating flexible electronic devices because of their permeability, flexibility, stretchability, and conformability to three-dimensional curved surfaces. This review delves into the advancements in adaptable and flexible electronic devices using electrospun nanofibers as the substrates and explores their diverse and innovative applications. The primary development of key substrates for flexible devices is summarized. After briefly discussing the principle of electrospinning, process parameters that affect electrospinning, and two major electrospinning techniques (i.e., single-fluid electrospinning and multifluid electrospinning), the review shines a spotlight on the recent breakthroughs in multifunctional and stretchable electronic devices that are based on electrospun substrates. These advancements include flexible sensors, flexible energy harvesting and storage devices, flexible accessories for electronic devices, and flexible environmental monitoring devices. In particular, the review outlines the challenges and potential solutions of developing electrospun nanofibers for flexible electronic devices, including overcoming the incompatibility of multiple interfaces, developing 3D microstructure sensor arrays with gradient geometry for various imperceptible on-skin devices, etc. This review may provide a comprehensive understanding of the rational design of application-oriented flexible electronic devices based on electrospun nanofibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shige Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Peng Fan
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxuan Guo
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Zizhao Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Shengke Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Yipu Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jinchen Fan
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Guisheng Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Materials Innovation Institute for Life Sciences and Energy (MILES), The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu P, Gu J, Liu X, Ren Y, Mi X, Zhan W, Zhang X, Wang H, Ji X, Yue Z, Liang J. A Robust Core-Shell Nanofabric with Personal Protection, Health Monitoring and Physical Comfort for Smart Sportswear. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2411131. [PMID: 39370585 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202411131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Smart textiles with a high level of personal protection, health monitoring, physical comfort, and wearing durability are highly demanded in clothing for harsh application scenarios, such as modern sportswear. However, seamlessly integrating such a smart clothing system has been a long-sought but challenging goal. Herein, based on coaxial electrospinning techniques, a smart non-woven textile (Smart-NT) integrated with high impact resistance is developed, multisensory functions, and radiative cooling effects. This Smart-NT is comprised of core-shell nanofibers with an ionic conductive polymer sheath and an impact-stiffening polymer core. The soft smart textile, with a thickness of only 800 µm, can attenuate over 60% of impact force, sense pressure stimulus with sensitivity up to 201.5 kPa-1, achieve temperature sensing resolution of 0.1 °C, and reduce skin temperature by ≈17 °C under a solar intensity of 1 kW m-2. In addition, the stretchable Smart-NT is highly durable and robust, retaining its multifunction features over 10 000 bending and multiple washing cycles. Finally, application scenarios are demonstrated for real-time health monitoring, body protection, and physical comfort of smart sportswear based on Smart-NT for outdoor sports. The strategy opens a new avenue for seamless integration of smart clothing systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xue Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Ren
- Department of Microelectronics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Mi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Zhan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Yue
- Department of Microelectronics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jiajie Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu X, Li P, Liu Y, Zhang C, He M, Pei Z, Chen J, Shi K, Liu F, Wang W, Zhang W, Jiang P, Huang X. Hybrid Passive Cooling for Power Equipment Enabled by Metal-Organic Framework. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2409473. [PMID: 39240041 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
While providing electrical energy for human society, power equipment also consumes electricity and generate heat. Cooling equipment consumes a significant amount of electricity, further increasing energy consumption and load on the power grid. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop low-energy and sustainable cooling technologies for power equipment. In this study, a hybrid passive cooling composite designed to enhance heat dissipation for heavy-load power equipment is introduced. Specifically, the composite material achieves outstanding radiative cooling performance with an average solar reflectance of up to 0.98, while its excellent atmospheric water harvesting performance ensures high evaporation cooling power without the need for manual water replenishment. As a result, the composite effectively lowers the temperature of outdoor heavy-load power equipment (e.g., transformers) by 25.3 °C. The excellent heat dissipation properties of the composite make it a powerful tool in safeguarding electrical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pengli Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Meng He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhantao Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kunming Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wanlin Wang
- School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pingkai Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xingyi Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun X, Guo X, Gao J, Wu J, Huang F, Zhang JH, Huang F, Lu X, Shi Y, Pan L. E-Skin and Its Advanced Applications in Ubiquitous Health Monitoring. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2307. [PMID: 39457619 PMCID: PMC11505155 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
E-skin is a bionic device with flexible and intelligent sensing ability that can mimic the touch, temperature, pressure, and other sensing functions of human skin. Because of its flexibility, breathability, biocompatibility, and other characteristics, it is widely used in health management, personalized medicine, disease prevention, and other pan-health fields. With the proposal of new sensing principles, the development of advanced functional materials, the development of microfabrication technology, and the integration of artificial intelligence and algorithms, e-skin has developed rapidly. This paper focuses on the characteristics, fundamentals, new principles, key technologies, and their specific applications in health management, exercise monitoring, emotion and heart monitoring, etc. that advanced e-skin needs to have in the healthcare field. In addition, its significance in infant and child care, elderly care, and assistive devices for the disabled is analyzed. Finally, the current challenges and future directions of the field are discussed. It is expected that this review will generate great interest and inspiration for the development and improvement of novel e-skins and advanced health monitoring systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xidi Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (J.G.); (J.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Xin Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (J.G.); (J.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Jiansong Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (J.G.); (J.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Jing Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (J.G.); (J.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Fengchang Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (J.G.); (J.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Jia-Han Zhang
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;
| | - Fuhua Huang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China;
| | - Xiao Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210093, China;
| | - Yi Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (J.G.); (J.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (J.G.); (J.W.); (F.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen Y, Zhang X, Lu C. Flexible piezoelectric materials and strain sensors for wearable electronics and artificial intelligence applications. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc05166a. [PMID: 39355228 PMCID: PMC11440360 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc05166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the applications of flexible piezoelectric sensors in health monitoring and human-machine interaction have attracted increasing attention. Recent advances in flexible materials and fabrication technologies have promoted practical applications of wearable devices, enabling their assembly in various forms such as ultra-thin films, electronic skins and electronic tattoos. These piezoelectric sensors meet the requirements of high integration, miniaturization and low power consumption, while simultaneously maintaining their unique sensing performance advantages. This review provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge research studies on enhanced wearable piezoelectric sensors. Promising piezoelectric polymer materials are highlighted, including polyvinylidene fluoride and conductive hydrogels. Material engineering strategies for improving sensitivity, cycle life, biocompatibility, and processability are summarized and discussed focusing on filler doping, fabrication techniques optimization, and microstructure engineering. Additionally, this review presents representative application cases of smart piezoelectric sensors in health monitoring and human-machine interaction. Finally, critical challenges and promising principles concerning advanced manufacture, biological safety and function integration are discussed to shed light on future directions in the field of piezoelectrics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Chao Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tang W, Zhan Y, Yang J, Meng X, Zhu X, Li Y, Lin T, Jiang L, Zhao Z, Wang S. Cascaded Heteroporous Nanocomposites for Thermo-Adaptive Passive Radiation Cooling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310923. [PMID: 39075820 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Passive radiative cooling is a promising technology for heat dissipation that does not consume energy. However, current radiative cooling materials can only exhibit subambient cooling under atmospheric conditions and struggle to process specific heat accumulation. Thus, a passive thermal regulation mechanism adapted to wide-temperature-range applications is required to match device heating systems. Herein, a heteroporous nanocomposite film (HENF) with thermo-adaptive radiation cooling performance is reported. Compared to conventional porous cooling films with limited scattering efficiencies, the HENFs with multistage scattering have a strong emissivity of 96.5% (8-13 µm) and a high reflectivity of 97.3% (0.3-2.5 µm), resulting in an ultrahigh cooling power of 114 W m-2. In such HENFs, theoretical analyses have confirmed the spectrum management superiority of the heteroporous unit in terms of the scattering efficiency strength, with their cascading effect enhancing the overall film-cooling efficiency. The high mechanical performance, phase-transition features, and environmental adaptive properties of HENFs are also exhibited. Importantly, HENFs synergistically couple thermal dissipation and absorption to effectively process heat accumulation and counteract thermal shock in heating devices. It is anticipated that thermo-adaptive HENFs will act as a promising platform for device surface thermal regulation over a wide temperature range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yaohui Zhan
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Soochow, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Jingrun Yang
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xue Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xingyue Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ziguang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang Z, Yu S, Xu Y, Cao Z, Zhang J, Guo Z, Wu T, Liao Q, Zheng Y, Chen Z, Liao X. In-Sensor Tactile Fusion and Logic for Accurate Intention Recognition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2407329. [PMID: 38966893 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Touch control intention recognition is an important direction for the future development of human-machine interactions (HMIs). However, the implementation of parallel-sensing functional modules generally requires a combination of different logical blocks and control circuits, which results in regional redundancy, redundant data, and low efficiency. Here, a location-and-pressure intelligent tactile sensor (LPI tactile sensor) unprecedentedly combined with sensing, computing, and logic is proposed, enabling efficient and ultrahigh-resolution action-intention interaction. The LPI tactile sensor eliminates the need for data transfer among the functional units through the core integration design of the layered structure. It actuates in-sensor perception through feature transmission, fusion, and differentiation, thereby revolutionizing the traditional von Neumann architecture. While greatly simplifying the data dimensionality, the LPI tactile sensor achieves outstanding resolution sensing in both location (<400 µm) and pressure (75 Pa). Synchronous feature fusion and decoding support the high-fidelity recognition of action and combinatorial logic intentions. Benefiting from location and pressure synergy, the LPI tactile sensor demonstrates robust privacy as an encrypted password device and interaction intelligence through pressure enhancement. It can recognize continuous touch actions in real time, map real intentions to target events, and promote accurate and efficient intention-driven HMIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Huang
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shifan Yu
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yijing Xu
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhicheng Cao
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ziquan Guo
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Tingzhu Wu
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qingliang Liao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices for Post-Moore Chips Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuanjin Zheng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xinqin Liao
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Z, Zhang JH, Li J, Wang S, Zhang L, He CY, Lin P, Melhi S, Yang T, Yamauchi Y, Xu X. Dynamical Janus-Like Behavior Excited by Passive Cold-Heat Modulation in the Earth-Sun/Universe System: Opportunities and Challenges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309397. [PMID: 38644343 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of solar-thermal energy and universal cold energy has led to many innovative designs that achieve effective temperature regulation in different application scenarios. Numerous studies on passive solar heating and radiation cooling often operate independently (or actively control the conversion) and lack a cohesive framework for deep connections. This work provides a concise overview of the recent breakthroughs in solar heating and radiation cooling by employing a mechanism material in the application model. Furthermore, the utilization of dynamic Janus-like behavior serves as a novel nexus to elucidate the relationship between solar heating and radiation cooling, allowing for the analysis of dynamic conversion strategies across various applications. Additionally, special discussions are provided to address specific requirements in diverse applications, such as optimizing light transmission for clothing or window glass. Finally, the challenges and opportunities associated with the development of solar heating and radiation cooling applications are underscored, which hold immense potential for substantial carbon emission reduction and environmental preservation. This work aims to ignite interest and lay a solid foundation for researchers to conduct in-depth studies on effective and self-adaptive regulation of cooling and heating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jia-Han Zhang
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jiaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Lvfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Cheng-Yu He
- Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Peng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Saad Melhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Xingtao Xu
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang X, Chen W, Fan Q, Chen J, Chen Y, Lai F, Liu H. Electronic Skin for Health Monitoring Systems: Properties, Functions, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402542. [PMID: 38754914 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin), a skin-like wearable electronic device, holds great promise in the fields of telemedicine and personalized healthcare because of its good flexibility, biocompatibility, skin conformability, and sensing performance. E-skin can monitor various health indicators of the human body in real time and over the long term, including physical indicators (exercise, respiration, blood pressure, etc.) and chemical indicators (saliva, sweat, urine, etc.). In recent years, the development of various materials, analysis, and manufacturing technologies has promoted significant development of e-skin, laying the foundation for the application of next-generation wearable medical technologies and devices. Herein, the properties required for e-skin health monitoring devices to achieve long-term and precise monitoring and summarize several detectable indicators in the health monitoring field are discussed. Subsequently, the applications of integrated e-skin health monitoring systems are reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future development directions in this field are discussed. This review is expected to generate great interest and inspiration for the development and improvement of e-skin and health monitoring systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Yang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Wenzheng Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Qunfu Fan
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Feili Lai
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Hezhou Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Dee-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guo C, Tang H, Wang P, Xu Q, Pan H, Zhao X, Fan F, Li T, Zhao D. Radiative cooling assisted self-sustaining and highly efficient moisture energy harvesting. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6100. [PMID: 39030229 PMCID: PMC11271565 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Harvesting electricity from ubiquitous water vapor represents a promising route to alleviate the energy crisis. However, existing studies rarely comprehensively consider the impact of natural environmental fluctuations on electrical output. Here, we demonstrate a bilayer polymer enabling self-sustaining and highly efficient moisture-electric generation from the hydrological cycle by establishing a stable internal directed water/ion flow through thermal exchange with the ambient environment. Specifically, the radiative cooling effect of the hydrophobic top layer prevents the excessive daytime evaporation from solar absorption while accelerating nighttime moisture sorption. The introduction of LiCl into the bottom hygroscopic ionic hydrogel enhances moisture sorption capacity and facilitates ion transport, thus ensuring efficient energy conversion. A single device unit (1 cm2) can continuously generate a voltage of ~0.88 V and a current of ~306 μA, delivering a maximum power density of ~51 μW cm-2 at 25 °C and 70% relative humidity (RH). The device has been demonstrated to operate steadily outdoors for continuous 6 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Guo
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huajie Tang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihao Xu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haodan Pan
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Fan
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingxian Li
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dongliang Zhao
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
- Institute of Science and Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
- Institute for Carbon Neutral Development, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Z, Zou X, Liu T, Zhu Y, Wu D, Bai Y, Du G, Luo B, Zhang S, Chi M, Liu Y, Shao Y, Wang J, Wang S, Nie S. Directional Moisture-Wicking Triboelectric Materials Enabled by Laplace Pressure Differences. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7125-7133. [PMID: 38808683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Wearable sensors are experiencing vibrant growth in the fields of health monitoring systems and human motion detection, with comfort becoming a significant research direction for wearable sensing devices. However, the weak moisture-wicking capability of sensor materials leads to liquid retention, severely restricting the comfort of the wearable sensors. This study employs a pattern-guided alignment strategy to construct microhill arrays, endowing triboelectric materials with directional moisture-wicking capability. Within 2.25 s, triboelectric materials can quickly and directionally remove the droplets, driven by the Laplace pressure differences and the wettability gradient. The directional moisture-wicking triboelectric materials exhibit excellent pressure sensing performance, enabling rapid response/recovery (29.1/37.0 ms), thereby achieving real-time online monitoring of human respiration and movement states. This work addresses the long-standing challenge of insufficient moisture-wicking driving force in flexible electronic sensing materials, holding significant implications for enhancing the comfort and application potential of electronic skin and wearable electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xuelian Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Di Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yayu Bai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Guoli Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Mingchao Chi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuzheng Shao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shuangxi Nie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhi C, Shi S, Wu H, Si Y, Zhang S, Lei L, Hu J. Emerging Trends of Nanofibrous Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Applications: Mechanisms, Electroactive Materials, and Designed Architectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401264. [PMID: 38545963 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, significant progress in piezo-/triboelectric nanogenerators (PTEGs) has led to the development of cutting-edge wearable technologies. Nanofibers with good designability, controllable morphologies, large specific areas, and unique physicochemical properties provide a promising platform for PTEGs for various advanced applications. However, the further development of nanofiber-based PTEGs is limited by technical difficulties, ranging from materials design to device integration. Herein, the current developments in PTEGs based on electrospun nanofibers are systematically reviewed. This review begins with the mechanisms of PTEGs and the advantages of nanofibers and nanodevices, including high breathability, waterproofness, scalability, and thermal-moisture comfort. In terms of materials and structural design, novel electroactive nanofibers and structure assemblies based on 1D micro/nanostructures, 2D bionic structures, and 3D multilayered structures are discussed. Subsequently, nanofibrous PTEGs in applications such as energy harvesters, personalized medicine, personal protective equipment, and human-machine interactions are summarized. Nanofiber-based PTEGs still face many challenges such as energy efficiency, material durability, device stability, and device integration. Finally, the research gap between research and practical applications of PTEGs is discussed, and emerging trends are proposed, providing some ideas for the development of intelligent wearables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwei Zhi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Hanbai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yifan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Leqi Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li Z, Li K, Wang W, Zhang T, Yang X. Ultrawide linear range, high sensitivity, and large-area pressure sensor arrays enabled by pneumatic spraying broccoli-like microstructures. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2271-2280. [PMID: 38439709 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh02232c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Large-area pressure sensor arrays with a wide linear response range and high sensitivity are beneficial to map the inhomogeneous interface pressure, which is significant in practical applications. Here, we demonstrate a pneumatic spraying method to prepare large-area microstructure films (PSMF) for high performance pressure sensor arrays. The sprayed surface morphology is designable by controlling the spraying parameters. It is worth noting that the constructed "broccoli" like morphology with a swollen top and shrunken bottom inspired a new mechanism to enlarge the linear response range by decreasing the series resistance with pressure increasing. At the same time, the pneumatic sprayed "broccoli" has a rough surface due to droplet stacking, which reduces the initial current effectively. Hence, the sensor achieves a 10 000 kPa ultrawide linear response range with a high sensitivity (98.71 kPa-1), and low detection (5 Pa). The prepared sensor has a small static response error (4.4%) and 5000 cycle full-range dynamic response durability. Finally, the constructed sensor arrays can distinguish the pressure distribution in different ranges clearly, which indicates a great potential in health care, motion detection, and the tire industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zonglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Huangpu Institute of Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaoniu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhao Z, Yang C, Li D. Skin Electrodes Based on TPU Fiber Scaffolds with Conductive Nanocomposites with Stretchability, Breathability, and Washability. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:598. [PMID: 38793171 PMCID: PMC11122800 DOI: 10.3390/mi15050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In the context of an aging population and escalating work pressures, cardiovascular diseases pose increasing health risks. Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring presents a preventive tool, but conventional devices often compromise comfort. This study proposes an approach using Ag NW/TPU composites for flexible and breathable epidermal electronics. In this new structure, TPU fibers are used to support Ag NWs/TPU nanocomposites. The TPU fiber-reinforced Ag NW/TPU (TFRAT) nanocomposites exhibit excellent conductivity, stretchability, and electromechanical durability. The composite ensures high steam permeability, maintaining stable electrical performance after washing cycles. Employing this technology, a flexible ECG detection system is developed, augmented with a convolutional neural network (CNN) for automated signal analysis. The experimental results demonstrate the system's reliability in capturing physiological signals. Additionally, a CNN model trained on ECG data achieves over 99% accuracy in diagnosing arrhythmias. This study presents TFRAT as a promising solution for wearable electronics, offering both comfort and functionality in long-term epidermal applications, with implications for healthcare and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chaopeng Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, No. 5340, Xiping Road, Tianjin 300130, China;
| | - Dongchan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, No. 5340, Xiping Road, Tianjin 300130, China;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Niu H, Li H, Zhang Q, Kim ES, Kim NY, Li Y. Intuition-and-Tactile Bimodal Sensing Based on Artificial-Intelligence-Motivated All-Fabric Bionic Electronic Skin for Intelligent Material Perception. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308127. [PMID: 38009787 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Developing electronic skins (e-skins) with extraordinary perception through bionic strategies has far-reaching significance for the intellectualization of robot skins. Here, an artificial intelligence (AI)-motivated all-fabric bionic (AFB) e-skin is proposed, where the overall structure is inspired by the interlocked bionics of the epidermis-dermis interface inside the skin, while the structural design inspiration of the dielectric layer derives from the branch-needle structure of conifers. More importantly, AFB e-skin achieves intuition sensing in proximity mode and tactile sensing in pressure mode based on the fringing and iontronic effects, respectively, and is simulated and verified through COMSOL finite element analysis. The proposed AFB e-skin in pressure mode exhibits maximum sensitivity of 15.06 kPa-1 (<50 kPa), linear sensitivity of 6.06 kPa-1 (50-200 kPa), and fast response/recovery time of 5.6 ms (40 kPa). By integrating AFB e-skin with AI algorithm, and with the support of material inference mechanisms based on dielectric constant and softness/hardness, an intelligent material perception system capable of recognizing nine materials with indistinguishable surfaces within one proximity-pressure cycle is established, demonstrating abilities that surpass human perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Niu
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
- RFIC Centre, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Hao Li
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Qichong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Eun-Seong Kim
- RFIC Centre, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Nam-Young Kim
- RFIC Centre, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Yang Li
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li H, Tan P, Rao Y, Bhattacharya S, Wang Z, Kim S, Gangopadhyay S, Shi H, Jankovic M, Huh H, Li Z, Maharjan P, Wells J, Jeong H, Jia Y, Lu N. E-Tattoos: Toward Functional but Imperceptible Interfacing with Human Skin. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3220-3283. [PMID: 38465831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The human body continuously emits physiological and psychological information from head to toe. Wearable electronics capable of noninvasively and accurately digitizing this information without compromising user comfort or mobility have the potential to revolutionize telemedicine, mobile health, and both human-machine or human-metaverse interactions. However, state-of-the-art wearable electronics face limitations regarding wearability and functionality due to the mechanical incompatibility between conventional rigid, planar electronics and soft, curvy human skin surfaces. E-Tattoos, a unique type of wearable electronics, are defined by their ultrathin and skin-soft characteristics, which enable noninvasive and comfortable lamination on human skin surfaces without causing obstruction or even mechanical perception. This review article offers an exhaustive exploration of e-tattoos, accounting for their materials, structures, manufacturing processes, properties, functionalities, applications, and remaining challenges. We begin by summarizing the properties of human skin and their effects on signal transmission across the e-tattoo-skin interface. Following this is a discussion of the materials, structural designs, manufacturing, and skin attachment processes of e-tattoos. We classify e-tattoo functionalities into electrical, mechanical, optical, thermal, and chemical sensing, as well as wound healing and other treatments. After discussing energy harvesting and storage capabilities, we outline strategies for the system integration of wireless e-tattoos. In the end, we offer personal perspectives on the remaining challenges and future opportunities in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbian Li
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Philip Tan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yifan Rao
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sarnab Bhattacharya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zheliang Wang
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sangjun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Susmita Gangopadhyay
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hongyang Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Matija Jankovic
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Heeyong Huh
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhengjie Li
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Pukar Maharjan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jonathan Wells
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hyoyoung Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yaoyao Jia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nanshu Lu
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liang Y, Zhao N, Gao W, Bai H. Mechanically and Thermally Guided, Honeycomb-like Nanocomposites with Strain-Insensitive High Thermal Conductivity for Stretchable Electronics. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8199-8208. [PMID: 38457331 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Thermal management materials have become increasingly crucial for stretchable electronic devices and systems. Drastically different from conventional thermally conductive materials, which are applied at static conditions, thermal management materials for stretchable electronics additionally require strain-insensitive thermal conductivity, as they generally undergo cyclic deformation. However, realizing such a property remains challenging mainly because conventional thermally conductive polymer composites generally lack a mechanically guided design. Here, we report a honeycomb-like nanocomposite with a three-dimensional (3D) thermally conductive network fabricated by an arrayed ice-templating technique followed by elastomer infiltration. The hexagonal honeycomb-like structure with thin, compact walls (≈ 40 μm) endows our composite with a high through-plane thermal conductivity (≈ 1.54 W m-1 K-1) at an ultralow boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) loading (≈ 0.85 vol %), with an enhancement factor of thermal conductivity up to 820% and thermal-insensitive strain up to 200%, which are 2.7 and 2 times higher than those reported in the literature. We report an intelligent strategy for the development of advanced thermal management materials for high-performance stretchable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Nifang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030000, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ding Y, Jiang J, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Zheng Z. Porous Conductive Textiles for Wearable Electronics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1535-1648. [PMID: 38373392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, researchers have made significant strides in the development of novel flexible/stretchable and conductive materials, enabling the creation of cutting-edge electronic devices for wearable applications. Among these, porous conductive textiles (PCTs) have emerged as an ideal material platform for wearable electronics, owing to their light weight, flexibility, permeability, and wearing comfort. This Review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the progress and state of the art of utilizing PCTs for the design and fabrication of a wide variety of wearable electronic devices and their integrated wearable systems. To begin with, we elucidate how PCTs revolutionize the form factors of wearable electronics. We then discuss the preparation strategies of PCTs, in terms of the raw materials, fabrication processes, and key properties. Afterward, we provide detailed illustrations of how PCTs are used as basic building blocks to design and fabricate a wide variety of intrinsically flexible or stretchable devices, including sensors, actuators, therapeutic devices, energy-harvesting and storage devices, and displays. We further describe the techniques and strategies for wearable electronic systems either by hybridizing conventional off-the-shelf rigid electronic components with PCTs or by integrating multiple fibrous devices made of PCTs. Subsequently, we highlight some important wearable application scenarios in healthcare, sports and training, converging technologies, and professional specialists. At the end of the Review, we discuss the challenges and perspectives on future research directions and give overall conclusions. As the demand for more personalized and interconnected devices continues to grow, PCT-based wearables hold immense potential to redefine the landscape of wearable technology and reshape the way we live, work, and play.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Ding
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Jiang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yingsi Wu
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yaokang Zhang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Zhou
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qiyao Huang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang PL, Mai T, Zhang W, Qi MY, Chen L, Liu Q, Ma MG. Robust and Multifunctional Ti 3 C 2 T x /Modified Sawdust Composite Paper for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Wearable Thermal Management. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304914. [PMID: 37679061 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Robust, ultrathin, and environmental-friendliness papers that synergize high-efficiency electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, personal thermal management, and wearable heaters are essential for next-generation smart wearable devices. Herein, MXene nanocomposite paper with a nacre-like structure for EMI shielding and electrothermal/photothermal conversion is fabricated by vacuum filtration of Ti3 C2 Tx MXene and modified sawdust. The hydrogen bonding and highly oriented structure enhance the mechanical properties of the modified sawdust/MXene composite paper (SM paper). The SM paper with 50 wt% MXene content shows a strength of 23 MPa and a toughness of 13 MJ·M-3 . The conductivity of the SM paper is 10 195 S·m-1 , resulting in an EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 67.9 dB and a specific SE value (SSE/t) of 8486 dB·cm2 ·g-1 . In addition, the SM paper exhibits excellent thermal management performance including high light/electro-to-thermal conversion, rapid Joule heating and photothermal response, and sufficient heating stability. Notably, the SM paper exhibits low infrared emissivity and distinguished infrared stealth performance, camouflaging a high-temperature heater surface of 147-81 °C. The SM-based e-skin achieves visualization of Joule heating and realizes human motions monitoring. This work presents a new strategy for designing MXene-based wearable devices with great EMI shielding, artificial intelligence, and thermal management applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lin Wang
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Tian Mai
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Yu Qi
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Guo Ma
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Research Center of Biomass Clean Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
- State Silica-based Materials Laboratory of Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sun Z, Hu Y, Wei W, Li Y, Zhang Q, Li K, Wang H, Hou C. Hyperstable Eutectic Core-Spun Fiber Enabled Wearable Energy Harvesting and Personal Thermal Management Fabric. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310102. [PMID: 37865832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Electronic textiles have gradually evolved into one of the most important mainstays of flexible electronics owing to their good wearability. However, textile multifunctionality is generally achieved by stacking functional modules, which is not conducive to wearability. Integrating these modules into a single fiber provides a better solution. In this work, a core-spun functional fiber (CSF) constructed from hyper-environmentally stable Zn-based eutectogel as the core layer and polytetrafluoroethylene as the sheath is designed. The CSF achieves a synergistic output effect of piezoelectricity-enhanced triboelectricity, as well as reliable hydrophobicity, and high mid-infrared emissivity and visible light reflectivity. A monolayer functionalized integrated textile is woven from the CSF to enable effective energy (mechanical and droplet energy) harvesting and personal thermal management functions. Furthermore, scenarios for the energy supply, motion detection, and outdoor use of electronic fabrics for electronics applications are demonstrated, opening new avenues for the functional integration of electronic textiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouquan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Kerui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang Y, Fu J, Ding Y, Babar AA, Song X, Chen F, Yu X, Zheng Z. Thermal and Moisture Managing E-Textiles Enabled by Janus Hierarchical Gradient Honeycombs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2311633. [PMID: 38112378 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Moisture and thermal comfort are critical for long-term wear. In recent years, there has been rapidly growing attention on the importance of the comfortability in wearable electronic textiles (e-textiles), particularly in fields such as health monitoring, sports training, medical diagnosis and treatment, where long-term comfort is crucial. Nonetheless, simultaneously regulating thermal and moisture comfort for the human body without compromising electronic performance remains a significant challenge to date. Herein, a thermal and moisture managing e-textile (TMME-textile) that integrates unidirectional water transport and daytime radiative cooling properties with highly sensitive sensing performance is developed. The TMME-textile is made by patterning sensing electrodes on rationally designed Janus hierarchical gradient honeycombs that offer wetting gradient and optical management. The TMME-textile can unidirectionally pump excessive sweat, providing a dry and comfortable microenvironment for users. Moreover, it possesses high solar reflectivity (98.3%) and mid-infrared emissivity (89.2%), which reduce skin temperature by ≈7.0 °C under a solar intensity of 1 kW m-2 . The TMME-textile-based strain sensor displays high sensitivity (0.1749 kPa-1 ) and rapid response rate (170 ms), effectively enabling smooth long-term monitoring, especially during high-intensity outdoor sports where thermal and moisture stresses are prominent challenges to conventional e-textiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhang
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jingjing Fu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yichun Ding
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Aijaz Ahmed Babar
- Textile Engineering Department, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, 76060, Pakistan
| | - Xian Song
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems (RI-IWEAR), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang M, Liu Y, Yang W, Liu J. Thread-Embedded-in-PDMS Wearable Strain Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Human Joint Motion. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2250. [PMID: 38138419 PMCID: PMC10746070 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of human joint motion holds paramount importance in assessing joint health status, preventing and treating joint diseases, and evaluating physical flexibility and coordination. However, traditional strain sensors face limitations in meeting the substantial strain requirements associated with human joint motion. Recently, there has been considerable attention directed towards flexible strain sensors prepared using pliable substrates combined with silk and cotton fabrics. Nonetheless, these sensors exhibit insufficient linearity across the entire measurement range, thereby compromising the predictability of real joint motion based on the output signal. This paper introduced a flexible strain sensor designed to address this issue by offering an enhanced range and high linearity. Specifically, the core wire of the strain sensor was produced by coating a polybutylene terephthalate thread with conductive carbon ink integrated with carbon nanotubes, encapsulated in a thin layer of polydimethylsiloxane in an "S" configuration. The proposed strain sensor maintained excellent linearity within its strain range of 60%, along with advantages such as rapid response speed and robust durability. On-trial tests further affirmed the sensor's capability to effectively monitor the motion of human joints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingpeng Yang
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China; (M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yongquan Liu
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China; (M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- School of Atmospheric and Remote Sensing, Wuxi University, 333 Xishan Avenue, Wuxi 214105, China;
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China; (M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yuan YM, Liu B, Adibeig MR, Xue Q, Qin C, Sun QY, Jin Y, Wang M, Yang C. Microstructured Polyelectrolyte Elastomer-Based Ionotronic Sensors with High Sensitivities and Excellent Stability for Artificial Skins. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2310429. [PMID: 38095237 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
High-performance flexible pressure sensors are highly demanded for artificial tactile sensing. Using ionic conductors as the dielectric layer has enabled ionotronic pressure sensors with high sensitivities owing to giant capacitance of the electric double layer (EDL) formed at the ionic conductor/electronic conductor interface. However, conventional ionotronic sensors suffer from leakage, which greatly hinders long-term stability and practical applications. Herein, a leakage-free polyelectrolyte elastomer as the dielectric layer for ionotronic sensors is synthesized. The mechanical and electrical properties of the polyelectrolyte elastomer are optimized, a micropyramid array is constructed, and it is used as the dielectric layer for an ionotronic pressure sensor with marked performances. The obtained sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 69.6 kPa-1 , a high upper detecting limit on the order of 1 MPa, a fast response/recovery speed of ≈6 ms, and excellent stability under both static and dynamic loads. Notably, the sensor retains a high sensitivity of 4.96 kPa-1 at 500 kPa, and its broad sensing range within high-pressure realm enables a brand-new coding strategy. The applications of the sensor as a wearable keyboard and a quasicontinuous controller for a robotic arm are demonstrated. Durable and highly sensitive ionotronic sensors potentialize high-performance artificial skins for soft robots, human-machine interfaces, and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Binhong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Mohammad Reza Adibeig
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qiqi Xue
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chu Qin
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yin Sun
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ying Jin
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Canhui Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jang HJ, Tiruneh DM, Ryu H, Yoon JK. Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Enhanced Wound Healing. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:517. [PMID: 37999158 PMCID: PMC10669670 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8070517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a highly orchestrated biological process characterized by sequential phases involving inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling, and the role of endogenous electrical signals in regulating these phases has been highlighted. Recently, external electrostimulation has been shown to enhance these processes by promoting cell migration, extracellular matrix formation, and growth factor release while suppressing pro-inflammatory signals and reducing the risk of infection. Among the innovative approaches, piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators have emerged as the next generation of flexible and wireless electronics designed for energy harvesting and efficiently converting mechanical energy into electrical power. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the emerging field of nanogenerators for harnessing electrical stimulation to accelerate wound healing. We elucidate the fundamental mechanisms of wound healing and relevant bioelectric physiology, as well as the principles underlying each nanogenerator technology, and review their preclinical applications. In addition, we address the prominent challenges and outline the future prospects for this emerging era of electrical wound-healing devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Jang
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si 17546, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Daniel Manaye Tiruneh
- Department of Intelligence Energy and Industry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hanjun Ryu
- Department of Intelligence Energy and Industry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si 17546, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kee Yoon
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si 17546, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhu L, Tian L, Jiang S, Han L, Liang Y, Li Q, Chen S. Advances in photothermal regulation strategies: from efficient solar heating to daytime passive cooling. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7389-7460. [PMID: 37743823 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00500c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal regulation concerning solar harvesting and repelling has recently attracted significant interest due to the fast-growing research focus in the areas of solar heating for evaporation, photocatalysis, motion, and electricity generation, as well as passive cooling for cooling textiles and smart buildings. The parallel development of photothermal regulation strategies through both material and system designs has further improved the overall solar utilization efficiency for heating/cooling. In this review, we will review the latest progress in photothermal regulation, including solar heating and passive cooling, and their manipulating strategies. The underlying mechanisms and criteria of highly efficient photothermal regulation in terms of optical absorption/reflection, thermal conversion, transfer, and emission properties corresponding to the extensive catalog of nanostructured materials are discussed. The rational material and structural designs with spectral selectivity for improving the photothermal regulation performance are then highlighted. We finally present the recent significant developments of applications of photothermal regulation in clean energy and environmental areas and give a brief perspective on the current challenges and future development of controlled solar energy utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Liang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Siyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Lihua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yunzheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li X, Dai B, Wang L, Yang X, Xu T, Zhang X. Radiative cooling and anisotropic wettability in E-textile for comfortable biofluid monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115434. [PMID: 37301178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Long-term wearing comfort is essential for future advanced electronic textiles (e-textiles). Herein, we fabricate a skin-comfortable e-textile for long-term wearing experience on human epidermis. Such e-textile was simply fabricated through two different dip coating methods and single-side air plasma treatment, which couples radiative thermal and moisture management for biofluid monitoring. The silk-based substrate with improved optical properties and anisotropic wettability can provide a temperature drop of 1.4 °C under strong sunlight. Moreover, the anisotropic wettability of the e-textile can provide a dryer skin microenvironment by comparing with traditional fabric. The fiber electrodes weaving into the inner side of the substrate can noninvasively monitor multiple sweat biomarkers (i.e., pH, uric acid, and Na+). Such a synergistic strategy may pave a new path to design next-generation e-textiles with significantly improved comfort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
| | - Bing Dai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
| | - Lirong Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
| | - Xuejun Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
| | - Tailin Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Han Y, Cui Y, Liu X, Wang Y. A Review of Manufacturing Methods for Flexible Devices and Energy Storage Devices. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:896. [PMID: 37754130 PMCID: PMC10526154 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Given the advancements in modern living standards and technological development, conventional smart devices have proven inadequate in meeting the demands for a high-quality lifestyle. Therefore, a revolution is necessary to overcome this impasse and facilitate the emergence of flexible electronics. Specifically, there is a growing focus on health detection, necessitating advanced flexible preparation technology for biosensor-based smart wearable devices. Nowadays, numerous flexible products are available on the market, such as electronic devices with flexible connections, bendable LED light arrays, and flexible radio frequency electronic tags for storing information. The manufacturing process of these devices is relatively straightforward, and their integration is uncomplicated. However, their functionality remains limited. Further research is necessary for the development of more intricate applications, such as intelligent wearables and energy storage systems. Taking smart wear as an example, it is worth noting that the current mainstream products on the market primarily consist of bracelet-type health testing equipment. They exhibit limited flexibility and can only be worn on the wrist for measurement purposes, which greatly limits their application diversity. Flexible energy storage and flexible display also face the same problem, so there is still a lot of room for development in the field of flexible electronics manufacturing. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the developmental history of flexible devices, systematically summarizing representative preparation methods and typical applications, identifying challenges, proposing solutions, and offering prospects for future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yaqun Wang
- College of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wan B, Dong X, Yang X, Wang J, Zheng MS, Dang ZM, Chen G, Zha JW. Rising of Dynamic Polyimide Materials: A Versatile Dielectric for Electrical and Electronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301185. [PMID: 36906511 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyimides (PIs) are widely used in circuit components, electrical insulators, and power systems in modern electronic devices and large electrical appliances. Electrical/mechanical damage of materials are important factors that threaten reliability and service lifetime. Dynamic (self-healable, recyclable and degradable) PIs, a promising class of materials that successfully improve electrical/mechanical properties after damage, are anticipated to solve this issue. The viewpoints and perspectives on the status and future trends of dynamic PI based on a few existing documents are shared. The main damage forms of PI dielectric materials in the application process are first introduced, and initial strategies and schemes to solve these problems are proposed. Fundamentally, the bottleneck issues faced by the development of dynamic PIs are indicated, and the relationship between various damage forms and the universality of the method is evaluated. The potential mechanism of the dynamic PI to deal with electrical damage is highlighted and several feasible prospective schemes to address electrical damage are discussed. This study is concluded by presenting a short outlook and future improvements to systems, challenges, and solutions of dynamic PI in electrical insulation. The summary of theory and practice should encourage policy development favoring energy conservation and environmental protection and promoting sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoquan Wan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528300, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodi Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528300, P. R. China
| | - Xing Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528300, P. R. China
| | - Jiangqiong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528300, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Sheng Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528300, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Min Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - George Chen
- Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jun-Wei Zha
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528300, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Saritas R, Al-Ghamdi M, Das TM, Rasheed O, Kocer S, Gulsaran A, Khan AA, Rana MM, Khater M, Kayaharman M, Ban D, Yavuz M, Abdel-Rahman E. Nano Groove and Prism-Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerators. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1707. [PMID: 37763870 PMCID: PMC10538223 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the output power of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) requires the creation of micro or nano-features on polymeric triboelectric surfaces to increase the TENGs' effective contact area and, therefore, output power. We deploy a novel bench-top fabrication method called dynamic Scanning Probe Lithography (d-SPL) to fabricate massive arrays of uniform 1 cm long and 2.5 µm wide nano-features comprising a 600 nm deep groove (NG) and a 600 nm high triangular prism (NTP). The method creates both features simultaneously in the polymeric surface, thereby doubling the structured surface area. Six thousand pairs of NGs and NTPs were patterned on a 6×5 cm2 PMMA substrate. It was then used as a mold to structure the surface of a 200 µm thick Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer. We show that the output power of the nano-structured TENG is significantly more than that of a TENG using flat PDMS films, at 12.2 mW compared to 2.2 mW, under the same operating conditions (a base acceleration amplitude of 0.8 g).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Resul Saritas
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (S.K.); (E.A.-R.)
| | - Majed Al-Ghamdi
- National Security Program King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, KACST, Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taylan Memik Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kirikkale, Kirikkale 71450, Turkey;
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Omar Rasheed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada;
| | - Samed Kocer
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (S.K.); (E.A.-R.)
| | - Ahmet Gulsaran
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Asif Abdullah Khan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.A.K.); (M.M.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Md Masud Rana
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.A.K.); (M.M.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Mahmoud Khater
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammed Kayaharman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.A.K.); (M.M.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Dayan Ban
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.A.K.); (M.M.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Mustafa Yavuz
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Eihab Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (S.K.); (E.A.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abdellatif SO, Moustafa A, Khalid A, Ghannam R. Integration of Capacitive Pressure Sensor-on-Chip with Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells for Continuous Health Monitoring. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1676. [PMID: 37763839 PMCID: PMC10536692 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of hypertension necessitates continuous blood pressure monitoring. This can be safely and painlessly achieved using non-invasive wearable electronic devices. However, the integration of analog, digital, and power electronics into a single system poses significant challenges. Therefore, we demonstrated a comprehensive multi-scale simulation of a sensor-on-chip that was based on a capacitive pressure sensor. Two analog interfacing circuits were proposed for a full-scale operation ranging from 0 V to 5 V, enabling efficient digital data processing. We also demonstrated the integration of lead-free perovskite solar cells as a mechanism for self-powering the sensor. The proposed system exhibits varying sensitivity from 1.4 × 10-3 to 0.095 (kPa)-1, depending on the pressure range of measurement. In the most optimal configuration, the system consumed 50.5 mW, encompassing a 6.487 mm2 area for the perovskite cell and a CMOS layout area of 1.78 × 1.232 mm2. These results underline the potential for such sensor-on-chip designs in future wearable health-monitoring technologies. Overall, this paper contributes to the field of wearable health-monitoring technologies by presenting a novel approach to self-powered blood pressure monitoring through the integration of capacitive pressure sensors, analog interfacing circuits, and lead-free perovskite solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameh O. Abdellatif
- The Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and FabLab, Centre for Emerging Learning Technologies (CELT), The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo 11387, Egypt; (S.O.A.); (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Afaf Moustafa
- The Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and FabLab, Centre for Emerging Learning Technologies (CELT), The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo 11387, Egypt; (S.O.A.); (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Ahmed Khalid
- The Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and FabLab, Centre for Emerging Learning Technologies (CELT), The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo 11387, Egypt; (S.O.A.); (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Rami Ghannam
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gao FL, Liu J, Li XP, Ma Q, Zhang T, Yu ZZ, Shang J, Li RW, Li X. Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Based Multifunctional Tactile Sensors for Precisely Detecting and Distinguishing Temperature and Pressure Stimuli. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16036-16047. [PMID: 37577988 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Although skin-like sensors that can simultaneously detect various physical stimuli are of fair importance in cutting-edge human-machine interaction, robotic, and healthcare applications, they still face challenges in facile, scalable, and cost-effective production using conventional active materials. The emerging two-dimensional transition metal carbide, Ti3C2Tx MXene, integrated with favorable thermoelectric properties, metallic-like conductivity, and a hydrophilic surface, is promising for solving these problems. Herein, skin-like multifunctional sensors are designed to precisely detect and distinguish temperature and pressure stimuli without cross-talk by decorating elastic and porous substrates with MXene sheets. Because the combination of the thermoelectric and conductive MXene with the thermally insulating, elastic, and porous substrate integrates efficient Seebeck and piezoresistive effects, the resultant sensor exhibits not only an ultralow detection limit (0.05 K), high signal-to-noise ratio, and excellent cycling stability for temperature detection but also high sensitivity, fast response time, and outstanding durability for pressure detection. Based on the impressive dual-mode sensing properties and independent temperature and pressure detections, a multimode input terminal and an electronic skin are created, exhibiting great potential in robotic and human-machine interaction applications. This work provides a scalable fabrication of multifunctional tactile sensors for precisely detecting and distinguishing temperature and pressure stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Lin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ji Liu
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Xiao-Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen X, Li H, Xu Z, Lu L, Pan Z, Mao Y. Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Bioinspired Artificial Skins for Healthcare Monitoring and Human-Machine Interaction. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:223. [PMID: 37366818 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial skin, also known as bioinspired electronic skin (e-skin), refers to intelligent wearable electronics that imitate the tactile sensory function of human skin and identify the detected changes in external information through different electrical signals. Flexible e-skin can achieve a wide range of functions such as accurate detection and identification of pressure, strain, and temperature, which has greatly extended their application potential in the field of healthcare monitoring and human-machine interaction (HMI). During recent years, the exploration and development of the design, construction, and performance of artificial skin has received extensive attention from researchers. With the advantages of high permeability, great ratio surface of area, and easy functional modification, electrospun nanofibers are suitable for the construction of electronic skin and further demonstrate broad application prospects in the fields of medical monitoring and HMI. Therefore, the critical review is provided to comprehensively summarize the recent advances in substrate materials, optimized fabrication techniques, response mechanisms, and related applications of the flexible electrospun nanofiber-based bio-inspired artificial skin. Finally, some current challenges and future prospects are outlined and discussed, and we hope that this review will help researchers to better understand the whole field and take it to the next level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Han Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ziteng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lijun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhifeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanchao Mao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ying S, Li J, Huang J, Zhang JH, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Sun X, Pan L, Shi Y. A Flexible Piezocapacitive Pressure Sensor with Microsphere-Array Electrodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111702. [PMID: 37299605 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors that emulate the sensation and characteristics of natural skins are of great importance in wearable medical devices, intelligent robots, and human-machine interfaces. The microstructure of the pressure-sensitive layer plays a significant role in the sensor's overall performance. However, microstructures usually require complex and costly processes such as photolithography or chemical etching for fabrication. This paper proposes a novel approach that combines self-assembled technology to prepare a high-performance flexible capacitive pressure sensor with a microsphere-array gold electrode and a nanofiber nonwoven dielectric material. When subjected to pressure, the microsphere structures of the gold electrode deform via compressing the medium layer, leading to a significant increase in the relative area between the electrodes and a corresponding change in the thickness of the medium layer, as simulated in COMSOL simulations and experiments, which presents high sensitivity (1.807 kPa-1). The developed sensor demonstrates excellent performance in detecting signals such as slight object deformations and human finger bending.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ying
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiean Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jinrong Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jia-Han Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yongchang Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xidi Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhou Y, Zhang JH, Li S, Qiu H, Shi Y, Pan L. Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on 2D Materials: From Materials and Devices to Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14051043. [PMID: 37241666 DOI: 10.3390/mi14051043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increasing consumption of fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas in both industrial production and daily life. This high demand for non-renewable energy sources has prompted researchers to investigate sustainable and renewable energy alternatives. The development and production of nanogenerators provide a promising solution to address the energy crisis. Triboelectric nanogenerators, in particular, have attracted significant attention due to their portability, stability, high energy conversion efficiency, and compatibility with a wide range of materials. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have many potential applications in various fields, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT). Additionally, by virtue of their remarkable physical and chemical properties, two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), MXenes, and layered double hydroxides (LDHs), have played a crucial role in the advancement of TENGs. This review summarizes recent research progress on TENGs based on 2D materials, from materials to their practical applications, and provides suggestions and prospects for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jia-Han Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Songlin Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shi J, Dai Y, Cheng Y, Xie S, Li G, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang R, Bai N, Cai M, Zhang Y, Zhan Y, Zhang Z, Yu C, Guo CF. Embedment of sensing elements for robust, highly sensitive, and cross-talk-free iontronic skins for robotics applications. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8831. [PMID: 36867698 PMCID: PMC9984179 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Iontronic pressure sensors are promising in robot haptics because they can achieve high sensing performance using nanoscale electric double layers (EDLs) for capacitive signal output. However, it is challenging to achieve both high sensitivity and high mechanical stability in these devices. Iontronic sensors need microstructures that offer subtly changeable EDL interfaces to boost sensitivity, while the microstructured interfaces are mechanically weak. Here, we embed isolated microstructured ionic gel (IMIG) in a hole array (28 × 28) of elastomeric matrix and cross-link the IMIGs laterally to achieve enhanced interfacial robustness without sacrificing sensitivity. The embedded configuration toughens and strengthens the skin by pinning cracks and by the elastic dissipation of the interhole structures. Furthermore, cross-talk between the sensing elements is suppressed by isolating the ionic materials and by designing a circuit with a compensation algorithm. We have demonstrated that the skin is potentially useful for robotic manipulation tasks and object recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junli Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- Tencent Robotics X, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Sai Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Physics and TcSUH, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Jingxiao Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- Tencent Robotics X, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Ningning Bai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Minkun Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yifei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | | | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Chuan Fei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Centers for Mechanical Engineering Research and Education at MIT and SUSTech, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yang J, Zhang Z, Zhou P, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Xu Y, Gu Y, Qin S, Haick H, Wang Y. Toward a new generation of permeable skin electronics. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3051-3078. [PMID: 36723108 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06236d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Skin-mountable electronics are considered to be the future of the next generation of portable electronics, due to their softness and seamless integration with human skin. However, impermeable materials limit device comfort and reliability for long-term, continuous usage. The recent emergence of permeable skin-mountable electronics has attracted tremendous attention in the soft electronics field. Herein, we provide a comprehensive and systematic review of permeable skin-mountable electronics. Typical porous materials and structures are first highlighted, followed by discussion of important device properties. Then, we review the latest representative applications of breathable skin-mountable electronics, such as bioelectrical sensors, temperature sensors, humidity and hydration sensors, strain and pressure sensors, and energy harvesting and storage devices. Finally, a conclusion and future directions for permeable skin electronics are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Zongman Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yumiao Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Yuheng Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Shenglin Qin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu E, Cai Z, Ye Y, Zhou M, Liao H, Yi Y. An Overview of Flexible Sensors: Development, Application, and Challenges. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:817. [PMID: 36679612 PMCID: PMC9863693 DOI: 10.3390/s23020817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and advancement of flexible electronics have great potential to lead development trends in many fields, such as "smart electronic skin" and wearable electronics. By acting as intermediates to detect a variety of external stimuli or physiological parameters, flexible sensors are regarded as a core component of flexible electronic systems and have been extensively studied. Unlike conventional rigid sensors requiring costly instruments and complicated fabrication processes, flexible sensors can be manufactured by simple procedures with excellent production efficiency, reliable output performance, and superior adaptability to the irregular surface of the surroundings where they are applied. Here, recent studies on flexible sensors for sensing humidity and strain/pressure are outlined, emphasizing their sensory materials, working mechanisms, structures, fabrication methods, and particular applications. Furthermore, a conclusion, including future perspectives and a short overview of the market share in this field, is given for further advancing this field of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying Yi
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tang Q, Zhang Z, Zhang JH, Tang F, Wang C, Cui X. Oscillatory Motion of Water Droplets Both in Oil and on Superhydrophobic Surface under Corona Discharge. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2229. [PMID: 36557527 PMCID: PMC9780946 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Charged droplets driven by Coulomb force are an important part of a droplet-based micro reactor. In this study, we realized the rapid oscillatory motion of droplets both in oil and on superhydrophobic surface by injecting charges through corona discharge. Distinct from the oscillatory motion of water droplets under a DC electric field, charge injection can make the motion of water droplets more flexible. A droplet in the oil layer can move up and down regularly under the action of corona discharge, and the discharge voltage can control the movement period and height of the droplet. In addition, the left-right translation of droplets on a superhydrophobic surface can be achieved by injecting charges into the hydrophobic film surface through corona discharge. Two kinds of droplet motion behaviors are systematically analyzed, and the mechanism of droplet motion is explained. The present results could help establish new approaches to designing efficient machines in microfluidics and micromechanical equipment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China
| | - Zongtang Zhang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China
| | - Jia-Han Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Feiran Tang
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chengjun Wang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China
| | - Xiaxia Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China
| |
Collapse
|