1
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Feng J, Zhou X, Xu M, Shi J, Li Y. Layer Control of Magneto-Optical Effects and Their Quantization in Spin-Valley Splitting Antiferromagnets. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3898-3905. [PMID: 38525906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Magneto-optical effects (MOE), interfacing the fundamental interplay between magnetism and light, have served as a powerful probe for magnetic order, band topology, and valley index. Here, based on multiferroic and topological bilayer antiferromagnets (AFMs), we propose a layer control of MOE (L-MOE), which is created and annihilated by layer-stacking or an electric field effect. The key character of L-MOE is the sign-reversible response controlled by ferroelectric polarization, the Néel vector, or the electric field direction. Moreover, the sign-reversible L-MOE can be quantized in topologically insulating AFMs. We reveal that the switchable L-MOE originates from the combined contributions of spin-conserving and spin-flip interband transitions in spin-valley splitting AFMs, a phenomenon not observed in conventional AFMs. Our findings bridge the ancient MOE to the emergent realms of layertronics, valleytronics, and multiferroics and may hold immense potential in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Feng
- Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials Design and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials Design and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Meiling Xu
- Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials Design and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jingming Shi
- Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials Design and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yinwei Li
- Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials Design and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
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2
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Liu H, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Li X, Zhang C, Xu F, Wu Y, Wu Z, Kang J. Simultaneously Regulated Highly Polarized and Long-Lived Valley Excitons in WSe 2/GaN Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1851-1858. [PMID: 38315876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Interlayer excitons, with prolonged lifetimes and tunability, hold potential for advanced optoelectronics. Previous research on the interlayer excitons has been dominated by two-dimensional heterostructures. Here, we construct WSe2/GaN composite heterostructures, in which the doping concentration of GaN and the twist angle of bilayer WSe2 are employed as two ingredients for the manipulation of exciton behaviors and polarizations. The exciton energies in monolayer WSe2/GaN can be regulated continuously by the doping levels of the GaN substrate, and a remarkable increase in the valley polarizations is achieved. Especially in a heterostructure with 4°-twisted bilayer WSe2, a maximum polarization of 38.9% with a long lifetime is achieved for the interlayer exciton. Theoretical calculations reveal that the large polarization and long lifetime are attributed to the high exciton binding energy and large spin flipping energy during depolarization in bilayer WSe2/GaN. This work introduces a distinctive member of the interlayer exciton with a high degree of polarization and a long lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Liu
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zongnan Zhang
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Chenhao Zhang
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Zhang
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Feiya Xu
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Wu
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Wu
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Junyong Kang
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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3
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Mehew JD, Merino RL, Ishizuka H, Block A, Mérida JD, Carlón AD, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Levitov LS, Efetov DK, Tielrooij KJ. Ultrafast Umklapp-assisted electron-phonon cooling in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj1361. [PMID: 38335282 PMCID: PMC10857426 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding electron-phonon interactions is fundamentally important and has crucial implications for device applications. However, in twisted bilayer graphene near the magic angle, this understanding is currently lacking. Here, we study electron-phonon coupling using time- and frequency-resolved photovoltage measurements as direct and complementary probes of phonon-mediated hot-electron cooling. We find a remarkable speedup in cooling of twisted bilayer graphene near the magic angle: The cooling time is a few picoseconds from room temperature down to 5 kelvin, whereas in pristine bilayer graphene, cooling to phonons becomes much slower for lower temperatures. Our experimental and theoretical analysis indicates that this ultrafast cooling is a combined effect of superlattice formation with low-energy moiré phonons, spatially compressed electronic Wannier orbitals, and a reduced superlattice Brillouin zone. This enables efficient electron-phonon Umklapp scattering that overcomes electron-phonon momentum mismatch. These results establish twist angle as an effective way to control energy relaxation and electronic heat flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Dudley Mehew
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST and CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Rafael Luque Merino
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Castelldefels 08860, Spain
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Schellingstrasse 4, München 80799, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), München, Germany
| | - Hiroaki Ishizuka
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alexander Block
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST and CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Jaime Díez Mérida
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Castelldefels 08860, Spain
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Schellingstrasse 4, München 80799, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), München, Germany
| | - Andrés Díez Carlón
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Castelldefels 08860, Spain
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Schellingstrasse 4, München 80799, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), München, Germany
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Material Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Material Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Leonid S. Levitov
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139 MA, USA
| | - Dmitri K. Efetov
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Schellingstrasse 4, München 80799, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), München, Germany
| | - Klaas-Jan Tielrooij
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST and CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, TU Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, Netherlands
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4
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Qian W, Qi P, Dai Y, Shi B, Tao G, Liu H, Zhang X, Xiang D, Fang Z, Liu W. Strongly Localized Moiré Exciton in Twisted Homobilayers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305200. [PMID: 37649150 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Artificially molding exciton flux is the cornerstone for developing promising excitonic devices. In the emerging hetero/homobilayers, the spatial separated charges prolong exciton lifetimes and create out-plane dipoles, facilitating electrically control exciton flux on a large scale, and the nanoscale periodic moiré potentials arising from twist-angle or/and lattice mismatch can substantially alter exciton dynamics, which are mainly proved in the heterostructures. However, the spatially indirect excitons dynamics in homobilayers without lattice mismatch remain elusive. Here the nonequilibrium dynamics of indirect exciton in homobilayers are systematically investigated. The homobilayers with slightly twist-angle can induce a deep moiré potential (>50 meV) in the energy landscape of indirect excitons, resulting in a strongly localized moiré excitons insulating the transport dynamics from phonons and disorder. These findings provide insights into the exciton dynamics and many-body physics in moiré superlattices modulated energy landscape, with implications for designing excitonic devices operating at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Qian
- Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yuchen Dai
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Beibei Shi
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guangyi Tao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haiyi Liu
- Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xubin Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zheyu Fang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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5
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Molino L, Aggarwal L, Maity I, Plumadore R, Lischner J, Luican-Mayer A. Influence of Atomic Relaxations on the Moiré Flat Band Wave Functions in Antiparallel Twisted Bilayer WS 2. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11778-11784. [PMID: 38054731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Twisting bilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides gives rise to a moiré potential resulting in flat bands with localized wave functions and enhanced correlation effects. In this work, scanning tunneling microscopy is used to image a WS2 bilayer twisted approximately 3° off the antiparallel alignment. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals localized states in the vicinity of the valence band onset, which is observed to occur first in regions with S-on-S Bernal stacking. In contrast, density functional theory calculations on twisted bilayers that have been relaxed in vacuum predict the highest-lying flat valence band to be localized in regions of AA' stacking. However, agreement with experiment is recovered when the calculations are performed on bilayers in which the atomic displacements from the unrelaxed positions have been reduced, reflecting the influence of the substrate and finite temperature. This demonstrates the delicate interplay of atomic relaxations and the electronic structure of twisted bilayer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Molino
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6X3, Canada
| | - Leena Aggarwal
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6X3, Canada
| | - Indrajit Maity
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, and Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, London SW7 2BP, U.K
| | - Ryan Plumadore
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6X3, Canada
| | - Johannes Lischner
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, and Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, London SW7 2BP, U.K
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6
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Jiao C, Pei S, Wu S, Wang Z, Xia J. Tuning and exploiting interlayer coupling in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2023; 86:114503. [PMID: 37774692 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/acfe89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials can stack into new material systems, with van der Waals (vdW) interaction between the adjacent constituent layers. This stacking process of 2D atomic layers creates a new degree of freedom-interlayer interface between two adjacent layers-that can be independently studied and tuned from the intralayer degree of freedom. In such heterostructures (HSs), the physical properties are largely determined by the vdW interaction between the individual layers,i.e.interlayer coupling, which can be effectively tuned by a number of means. In this review, we summarize and discuss a number of such approaches, including stacking order, electric field, intercalation, and pressure, with both their experimental demonstrations and theoretical predictions. A comprehensive overview of the modulation on structural, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties by these four approaches are also presented. We conclude this review by discussing several prospective research directions in 2D HSs field, including fundamental physics study, property tuning techniques, and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyin Jiao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghai Pei
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenghui Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xia
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
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7
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Cai H, Rasmita A, Tan Q, Lai JM, He R, Cai X, Zhao Y, Chen D, Wang N, Mu Z, Huang Z, Zhang Z, Eng JJH, Liu Y, She Y, Pan N, Miao Y, Wang X, Liu X, Zhang J, Gao W. Interlayer donor-acceptor pair excitons in MoSe 2/WSe 2 moiré heterobilayer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5766. [PMID: 37723156 PMCID: PMC10507070 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized interlayer excitons (LIXs) in two-dimensional moiré superlattices exhibit sharp and dense emission peaks, making them promising as highly tunable single-photon sources. However, the fundamental nature of these LIXs is still elusive. Here, we show the donor-acceptor pair (DAP) mechanism as one of the origins of these excitonic peaks. Numerical simulation results of the DAP model agree with the experimental photoluminescence spectra of LIX in the moiré MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayer. In particular, we find that the emission energy-lifetime correlation and the nonmonotonic power dependence of the lifetime agree well with the DAP IX model. Our results provide insight into the physical mechanism of LIX formation in moiré heterostructures and pave new directions for engineering interlayer exciton properties in moiré superlattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Cai
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Abdullah Rasmita
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qinghai Tan
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jia-Min Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruihua He
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Xiangbin Cai
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Disheng Chen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Naizhou Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhao Mu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zumeng Huang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - John J H Eng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuanda Liu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yongzhi She
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Nan Pan
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Weibo Gao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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8
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Ge C, Zhang D, Xiao F, Zhao H, He M, Huang L, Hou S, Tong Q, Pan A, Wang X. Observation and Modulation of High-Temperature Moiré-Locale Excitons in van der Waals Heterobilayers. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16115-16122. [PMID: 37560986 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenide heterobilayers feature strong moiré potentials with multiple local minima, which can spatially trap interlayer excitons at different locations within one moiré unit cell (dubbed moiré locales). However, current studies mainly focus on moiré excitons trapped at a single moiré locale. Exploring interlayer excitons trapped at different moiré locales is highly desirable for building polarized light-emitter arrays and studying multiorbital correlated and topological physics. Here, via enhancing the interlayer coupling and engineering the heterointerface, we report the observation and modulation of high-temperature interlayer excitons trapped at separate moiré locales in WS2/WSe2 heterobilayers. These moiré-locale excitons are identified by two emission peaks with an energy separation of ∼60 meV, exhibiting opposite circular polarizations due to their distinct local stacking registries. With the increase of temperature, two momentum-indirect moiré-locale excitons are observed, which show a distinct strain dependence with the momentum-direct one. The emission of these moiré-locale excitons can be controlled via engineering the heterointerface with different phonon scattering, while their emission energy can be further modulated via strain engineering. Our reported highly tunable interlayer excitons provide important information on understanding moiré excitonic physics, with possible applications in building high-temperature excitonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihuan Ge
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Danliang Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Feiping Xiao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Haipeng Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Mai He
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Lanyu Huang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shijin Hou
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qingjun Tong
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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9
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Montblanch ARP, Barbone M, Aharonovich I, Atatüre M, Ferrari AC. Layered materials as a platform for quantum technologies. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023:10.1038/s41565-023-01354-x. [PMID: 37322143 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Layered materials are taking centre stage in the ever-increasing research effort to develop material platforms for quantum technologies. We are at the dawn of the era of layered quantum materials. Their optical, electronic, magnetic, thermal and mechanical properties make them attractive for most aspects of this global pursuit. Layered materials have already shown potential as scalable components, including quantum light sources, photon detectors and nanoscale sensors, and have enabled research of new phases of matter within the broader field of quantum simulations. In this Review we discuss opportunities and challenges faced by layered materials within the landscape of material platforms for quantum technologies. In particular, we focus on applications that rely on light-matter interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R-P Montblanch
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Barbone
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, (MCQST), Munich, Germany
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Igor Aharonovich
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mete Atatüre
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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10
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Zhao S, Li Z, Huang X, Rupp A, Göser J, Vovk IA, Kruchinin SY, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Bilgin I, Baimuratov AS, Högele A. Excitons in mesoscopically reconstructed moiré heterostructures. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:572-579. [PMID: 36973398 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Moiré effects in vertical stacks of two-dimensional crystals give rise to new quantum materials with rich transport and optical phenomena that originate from modulations of atomic registries within moiré supercells. Due to finite elasticity, however, the superlattices can transform from moiré-type to periodically reconstructed patterns. Here we expand the notion of such nanoscale lattice reconstruction to the mesoscopic scale of laterally extended samples and demonstrate rich consequences in optical studies of excitons in MoSe2-WSe2 heterostructures with parallel and antiparallel alignments. Our results provide a unified perspective on moiré excitons in near-commensurate semiconductor heterostructures with small twist angles by identifying domains with exciton properties of distinct effective dimensionality, and establish mesoscopic reconstruction as a compelling feature of real samples and devices with inherent finite size effects and disorder. Generalized to stacks of other two-dimensional materials, this notion of mesoscale domain formation with emergent topological defects and percolation networks will instructively expand the understanding of fundamental electronic, optical and magnetic properties of van der Waals heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhao
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Zhijie Li
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Xin Huang
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Anna Rupp
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonas Göser
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ilia A Vovk
- PhysNano Department, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stanislav Yu Kruchinin
- Center for Computational Materials Sciences, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Nuance Communications Austria GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ismail Bilgin
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anvar S Baimuratov
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Alexander Högele
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), München, Germany.
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11
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Li Z, Tabataba-Vakili F, Zhao S, Rupp A, Bilgin I, Herdegen Z, März B, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Schleder GR, Baimuratov AS, Kaxiras E, Müller-Caspary K, Högele A. Lattice Reconstruction in MoSe 2-WSe 2 Heterobilayers Synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4160-4166. [PMID: 37141148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c05094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Vertical van der Waals heterostructures of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides realize moiré systems with rich correlated electron phases and moiré exciton phenomena. For material combinations with small lattice mismatch and twist angles as in MoSe2-WSe2, however, lattice reconstruction eliminates the canonical moiré pattern and instead gives rise to arrays of periodically reconstructed nanoscale domains and mesoscopically extended areas of one atomic registry. Here, we elucidate the role of atomic reconstruction in MoSe2-WSe2 heterostructures synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. With complementary imaging down to the atomic scale, simulations, and optical spectroscopy methods, we identify the coexistence of moiré-type cores and extended moiré-free regions in heterostacks with parallel and antiparallel alignment. Our work highlights the potential of chemical vapor deposition for applications requiring laterally extended heterosystems of one atomic registry or exciton-confining heterostack arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Li
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Farsane Tabataba-Vakili
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingtraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Shen Zhao
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Anna Rupp
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Ismail Bilgin
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Ziria Herdegen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 11, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Benjamin März
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 11, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Gabriel Ravanhani Schleder
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Anvar S Baimuratov
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Efthimios Kaxiras
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Knut Müller-Caspary
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 11, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Alexander Högele
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingtraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
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12
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Xiao C, Wang Y, Yao W. Dynamic Generation of Spin Spirals of Moiré Trapped Carriers via Exciton Mediated Spin Interactions. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1872-1877. [PMID: 36799955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stacking transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) to form moiré superlattices has provided exciting opportunities to explore many-body correlation phenomena of the moiré trapped carriers. TMD bilayers, on the other hand, host long-lived interlayer exciton (IX), an elementary excitation of long spin-valley lifetime that can be optically or electrically injected. Here we find that, through the Coulomb exchange between mobile IXs and carriers, the IX bath can mediate both Heisenberg and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya type spin interactions between moiré trapped carriers, controllable by exciton density and exciton spin current, respectively. We show the strong Heisenberg interaction and the extraordinarily long-ranged Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction here can jointly establish robust spin spiral magnetic orders in Mott-Wigner crystal states at various filling factors, with the spiral direction controlled by the exciton current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxin Xiao
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Lin BH, Chao YC, Hsieh IT, Chuu CP, Lee CJ, Chu FH, Lu LS, Hsu WT, Pao CW, Shih CK, Su JJ, Chang WH. Remarkably Deep Moiré Potential for Intralayer Excitons in MoSe 2/MoS 2 Twisted Heterobilayers. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1306-1312. [PMID: 36745443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A moiré superlattice formed in twisted van der Waals bilayers has emerged as a new tuning knob for creating new electronic states in two-dimensional materials. Excitonic properties can also be altered drastically due to the presence of moiré potential. However, quantifying the moiré potential for excitons is nontrivial. By creating a large ensemble of MoSe2/MoS2 heterobilayers with a systematic variation of twist angles, we map out the minibands of interlayer and intralayer excitons as a function of twist angles, from which we determine the moiré potential for excitons. Surprisingly, the moiré potential depth for intralayer excitons is up to ∼130 meV, comparable to that for interlayer excitons. This result is markedly different from theoretical calculations based on density functional theory, which show an order of magnitude smaller moiré potential for intralayer excitons. The remarkably deep intralayer moiré potential is understood within the framework of structural reconstruction within the moiré unit cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Han Lin
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu30010, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chun Chao
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu30010, Taiwan
| | - I Ta Hsieh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei11529, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Piao Chuu
- Corporate Research, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), Hsinchu30075, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ju Lee
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu30010, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Hsien Chu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu30010, Taiwan
| | - Li-Syuan Lu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu30010, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30004, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Pao
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei11529, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Shih
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Jung-Jung Su
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu30010, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Chang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu30010, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei11529, Taiwan
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan33302, Taiwan
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14
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Godiksen RH, Wang S, Raziman TV, Rivas JG, Curto AG. Impact of indirect transitions on valley polarization in WS 2 and WSe 2. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17761-17769. [PMID: 36426625 PMCID: PMC9730303 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04800k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the momentum of carriers in semiconductors, known as valley polarization, is a new resource for optoelectronics and information technologies. Materials exhibiting high polarization are needed for valley-based devices. Few-layer WS2 shows a remarkable spin-valley polarization above 90%, even at room temperature. In stark contrast, polarization is absent for few-layer WSe2 despite the expected material similarities. Here, we explain the origin of valley polarization in both materials based on the interplay between two indirect optical transitions. We show that the relative energy minima at the Λ- and K-valleys in the conduction band determine the spin-valley polarization of the direct K-K transition. Polarization appears as the energy of the K-valley rises above the Λ-valley as a function of temperature and number of layers. Our results advance the understanding of the high spin-valley polarization in WS2. This insight will impact the design of both passive and tunable valleytronic devices operating at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus H Godiksen
- Dep. Applied Physics and Institute for Photonic Integration, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Shaojun Wang
- Dep. Applied Physics and Institute for Photonic Integration, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- MOE Key Lab. of Modern Optical Technologies and Jiangsu Key Lab. of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - T V Raziman
- Dep. Applied Physics and Institute for Photonic Integration, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Jaime Gómez Rivas
- Dep. Applied Physics and Institute for Photonic Integration, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Alberto G Curto
- Dep. Applied Physics and Institute for Photonic Integration, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Photonics Research Group, Ghent University-imec, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Zheng W, Xiang L, de Quesada FA, Augustin M, Lu Z, Wilson M, Sood A, Wu F, Shcherbakov D, Memaran S, Baumbach RE, McCandless GT, Chan JY, Liu S, Edgar JH, Lau CN, Lui CH, Santos EJG, Lindenberg A, Smirnov D, Balicas L. Thickness- and Twist-Angle-Dependent Interlayer Excitons in Metal Monochalcogenide Heterostructures. ACS NANO 2022; 16:18695-18707. [PMID: 36257051 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Interlayer excitons, or bound electron-hole pairs whose constituent quasiparticles are located in distinct stacked semiconducting layers, are being intensively studied in heterobilayers of two-dimensional semiconductors. They owe their existence to an intrinsic type-II band alignment between both layers that convert these into p-n junctions. Here, we unveil a pronounced interlayer exciton (IX) in heterobilayers of metal monochalcogenides, namely, γ-InSe on ε-GaSe, whose pronounced emission is adjustable just by varying their thicknesses given their number of layers dependent direct band gaps. Time-dependent photoluminescense spectroscopy unveils considerably longer interlayer exciton lifetimes with respect to intralayer ones, thus confirming their nature. The linear Stark effect yields a bound electron-hole pair whose separation d is just (3.6 ± 0.1) Å with d being very close to dSe = 3.4 Å which is the calculated interfacial Se separation. The envelope of IX is twist-angle-dependent and describable by superimposed emissions that are nearly equally spaced in energy, as if quantized due to localization induced by the small moiré periodicity. These heterostacks are characterized by extremely flat interfacial valence bands making them prime candidates for the observation of magnetism or other correlated electronic phases upon carrier doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Zheng
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida32306, United States
| | - Li Xiang
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida32306, United States
| | - Felipe A de Quesada
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Mathias Augustin
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, The University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengguang Lu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida32306, United States
| | - Matthew Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California92521, United States
| | - Aditya Sood
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Fengcheng Wu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072China
| | - Dmitry Shcherbakov
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Shahriar Memaran
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida32306, United States
| | - Ryan E Baumbach
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida32306, United States
| | - Gregory T McCandless
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas76798, United States
| | - Julia Y Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas76798, United States
| | - Song Liu
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas66506, United States
| | - James H Edgar
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas66506, United States
| | - Chun Ning Lau
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Chun Hung Lui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California92521, United States
| | - Elton J G Santos
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, The University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia International Physics Centre, 20018Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Aaron Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Dmitry Smirnov
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida32310, United States
| | - Luis Balicas
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida32306, United States
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16
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Zheng SW, Wang D, Wang HY, Wang H, Chen X, Zhao LY, Wang L, Li XB, Sun HB. Spin-Valley Depolarization in van der Waals Heterostructures. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5501-5507. [PMID: 35695739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The appearance of van der Waals heterostructures offers a new solution to valleytronics. Here, we observe the spin-valley depolarization process of electrons and holes in type-II MoS2-WSe2 heterostructures simultaneously for the first time by valley-resolved broad-band femtosecond pump-probe experiments. The different depolarization paths between electrons and holes make them have different spin-valley polarization lifetimes. The spin-valley depolarization pathway of holes is mainly dominated by a phonon-assisted intervalley scattering process, while intra- and intervalley coupling can trigger additional depolarization pathways for electrons. The hole polarization lifetime can be further prolonged to more than three times in trilayer heterostructure 2MoS2-WSe2. For MoS2-WS2 that has strong orbital hybridization of Mo and W atoms, both electrons and holes lose the spin-valley polarization extremely soon after charge separation, behaving similarly to intraexcitons in a monolayer. Our work advances the basic understanding of spin-valley depolarization of van der Waals heterostructures and facilitates the effort toward longer lifetime valleytronic devices for information transfer and storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Hai-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Le-Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xian-Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 100084, China
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17
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Purz TL, Martin EW, Holtzmann WG, Rivera P, Alfrey A, Bates KM, Deng H, Xu X, Cundiff ST. Imaging dynamic exciton interactions and coupling in transition metal dichalcogenides. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:214704. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0087544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are regarded as a possible material platform for quantum information science and related device applications. In TMD monolayers, the dephasing time and inhomogeneity are crucial parameters for any quantum information application. In TMD heterostructures, coupling strength and interlayer exciton lifetimes are also parameters of interest. However, many demonstrations in TMDs can only be realized at specific spots on the sample, presenting a challenge to the scalability of these applications. Here, using multi-dimensional coherent imaging spectroscopy, we shed light on the underlying physics—including dephasing, inhomogeneity, and strain—for a MoSe2 monolayer and identify both promising and unfavorable areas for quantum information applications. We, furthermore, apply the same technique to a MoSe2/WSe2 heterostructure. Despite the notable presence of strain and dielectric environment changes, coherent and incoherent coupling and interlayer exciton lifetimes are mostly robust across the sample. This uniformity is despite a significantly inhomogeneous interlayer exciton photoluminescence distribution that suggests a bad sample for device applications. This robustness strengthens the case for TMDs as a next-generation material platform in quantum information science and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben L. Purz
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Eric W. Martin
- MONSTR Sense Technologies LLC, Ann Abor, Michigan 48104, USA
| | - William G. Holtzmann
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Pasqual Rivera
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Adam Alfrey
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Kelsey M. Bates
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Steven T. Cundiff
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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18
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Liu Y, Elbanna A, Gao W, Pan J, Shen Z, Teng J. Interlayer Excitons in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Semiconductors for 2D Optoelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107138. [PMID: 34700359 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic materials that allow on-chip integrated light signal emitting, routing, modulation, and detection are crucial for the development of high-speed and high-throughput optical communication and computing technologies. Interlayer excitons in 2D van der Waals heterostructures, where electrons and holes are bounded by Coulomb interaction but spatially localized in different 2D layers, have recently attracted intense attention for their enticing properties and huge potential in device applications. Here, a general view of these 2D-confined hydrogen-like bosonic particles and the state-of-the-art developments with respect to the frontier concepts and prototypes is presented. Staggered type-II band alignment enables expansion of the interlayer direct bandgap from the intrinsic visible in monolayers up to the near- or even mid-infrared spectrum. Owing to large exciton binding energy, together with ultralong lifetime, room-temperature exciton devices and observation of quantum behaviors are demonstrated. With the rapid advances, it can be anticipated that future studies of interlayer excitons will not only allow the construction of all-exciton information processing circuits but will also continue to enrich the panoply of ideas on quantum phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanda Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Ahmed Elbanna
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Weibo Gao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jisheng Pan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zexiang Shen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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19
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Wang QH, Bedoya-Pinto A, Blei M, Dismukes AH, Hamo A, Jenkins S, Koperski M, Liu Y, Sun QC, Telford EJ, Kim HH, Augustin M, Vool U, Yin JX, Li LH, Falin A, Dean CR, Casanova F, Evans RFL, Chshiev M, Mishchenko A, Petrovic C, He R, Zhao L, Tsen AW, Gerardot BD, Brotons-Gisbert M, Guguchia Z, Roy X, Tongay S, Wang Z, Hasan MZ, Wrachtrup J, Yacoby A, Fert A, Parkin S, Novoselov KS, Dai P, Balicas L, Santos EJG. The Magnetic Genome of Two-Dimensional van der Waals Materials. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6960-7079. [PMID: 35442017 PMCID: PMC9134533 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials has recently emerged as one of the most promising areas in condensed matter research, with many exciting emerging properties and significant potential for applications ranging from topological magnonics to low-power spintronics, quantum computing, and optical communications. In the brief time after their discovery, 2D magnets have blossomed into a rich area for investigation, where fundamental concepts in magnetism are challenged by the behavior of spins that can develop at the single layer limit. However, much effort is still needed in multiple fronts before 2D magnets can be routinely used for practical implementations. In this comprehensive review, prominent authors with expertise in complementary fields of 2D magnetism (i.e., synthesis, device engineering, magneto-optics, imaging, transport, mechanics, spin excitations, and theory and simulations) have joined together to provide a genome of current knowledge and a guideline for future developments in 2D magnetic materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hua Wang
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Amilcar Bedoya-Pinto
- NISE
Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure
Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat
de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Mark Blei
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Avalon H. Dismukes
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Assaf Hamo
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Sarah Jenkins
- Twist
Group,
Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Duisburg, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Koperski
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Qi-Chao Sun
- Physikalisches
Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Evan J. Telford
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering
Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of
Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Mathias Augustin
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Uri Vool
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John Harvard
Distinguished Science Fellows Program, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jia-Xin Yin
- Laboratory
for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lu Hua Li
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Alexey Falin
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Cory R. Dean
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Fèlix Casanova
- CIC nanoGUNE
BRTA, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Basque
Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Richard F. L. Evans
- Department
of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Mairbek Chshiev
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Artem Mishchenko
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Cedomir Petrovic
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Rui He
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, 910 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United
States
| | - Liuyan Zhao
- Department
of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Adam W. Tsen
- Institute
for Quantum Computing and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Brian D. Gerardot
- SUPA, Institute
of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Brotons-Gisbert
- SUPA, Institute
of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Zurab Guguchia
- Laboratory
for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer
Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M. Zahid Hasan
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Princeton
Institute for Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Joerg Wrachtrup
- Physikalisches
Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amir Yacoby
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John A.
Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Albert Fert
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Unité
Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
- Department
of Materials Physics UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Stuart Parkin
- NISE
Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure
Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Pengcheng Dai
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Luis Balicas
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department
of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Elton J. G. Santos
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Higgs Centre
for Theoretical Physics, The University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
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20
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Zhang Y, Kim H, Zhang W, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Gao Y, Maruyama M, Okada S, Shinokita K, Matsuda K. Magnon-Coupled Intralayer Moiré Trion in Monolayer Semiconductor-Antiferromagnet Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200301. [PMID: 35233833 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Moiré fringe patterns created by stacking different 2D layered materials as artificial van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have become a novel platform to study and engineer optically generated excitonic properties. The moiré patterns contribute to the formation of spatially ordered excitonic states (excitons and trions), which can be used in the quantum simulation of many-body systems and ensembles of coherent quantum light emitters. The intriguing moiré excitonic properties are affected by and controlled via the interaction with magnetic elements. Here, a moiré excitonic system interacting with the magnetic elementary excitation of antiferromagnetic orders in MoSe2 /MnPS3 vdW heterostructures is reported. The low-temperature photoluminescence spectra with additional fine spectral structures on the low-energy side, which are coupled magnon-trion peaks below the Néel temperature of MnPS3 , are carefully investigated. The fine spectral structures with long lifetime and coherence time are assigned to intralayer trion-magnon complexes trapped in the moiré potentials (moiré trion-magnon complexes). These findings highlight the emergence of moiré trion-magnon complexes and provide a new way to explore novel quantum phenomena in moiré excitonic systems with magnetic functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Heejun Kim
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yanlin Gao
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Mina Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Susumu Okada
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shinokita
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazunari Matsuda
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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21
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Deng JP, Li HJ, Ma XF, Liu XY, Cui Y, Ma XJ, Li ZQ, Wang ZW. Self-Trapped Interlayer Excitons in van der Waals Heterostructures. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3732-3739. [PMID: 35445599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The self-trapped state (STS) of the interlayer exciton (IX) has aroused enormous interest owing to its significant impact on the fundamental properties of the van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs). Nevertheless, the microscopic mechanisms of STS are still controversial. Herein, we study the corrections of the binding energies of the IXs stemming from the exciton-interface optical phonon coupling in four kinds of vdWHs and find that these IXs are in the STS for the appropriate ratio of the electron and hole effective masses. We show that these self-trapped IXs could be classified into type I with the increasing binding energy in the tens of millielectronvolts range, which are very agreement with the red-shift of the IX spectra in experiments, and type II with the decreasing binding energy, which provides a possible explanation for the blue-shift and broad line width of the IX's spectra at low temperatures. Moreover, these two types of exciton states could be transformed into each other by adjusting the structural parameters of vdWHs. These results not only provide an in-depth understanding for the self-trapped mechanism but also shed light on the modulations of IXs in vdWHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Pei Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Juan Li
- College of Physics and Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering, Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xu-Fei Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Jun Ma
- Research Team of Extreme Condition Physics, College of Mathematics and Physics, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028043, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, Tianjin, China
| | - Zi-Wu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, Tianjin, China
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22
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Kong Y, Obaidulla SM, Habib MR, Wang Z, Wang R, Khan Y, Zhu H, Xu M, Yang D. Interlayer exciton emission in a MoS 2/VOPc inorganic/organic van der Waals heterostructure. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1253-1263. [PMID: 35099485 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01622a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructures built from two-dimensional (2D) materials and organic semiconductors offer a unique platform for addressing many fundamental physics and construction of functional devices by taking advantage of both the 2D materials and organic semiconductors. We report interlayer exciton emission in the near infrared range around 1.54 eV (∼805 nm) from the heterostructure of pyramidal VOPc (p-type) and transition metal dichalcogenide monolayer MoS2 (VOPc/MoS2). This contrasts the observation of photoluminescence (PL) from the SnCl2Pc/MoS2 heterostructure despite both being type-II heterostructures. We attribute the exciton emission to the carrier transition from the generated interface mid-gap states of VOPc to the ground states of MoS2 in the heterostructure system as predicted from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, the observed PL signal of the VOPc/MoS2 heterostructure shows blue shift, while the PL peak of the SnCl2Pc/MoS2 heterostructure shows red shift. Our finding opens up a new avenue to tune the optoelectronic properties of the van der Waals heterojunctions consisting of 2D materials and organic semiconductors for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Kong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Sk Md Obaidulla
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička cesta 46, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mohammad Rezwan Habib
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Zukun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- ZJU Hangzhou Global Sci & Technol Innovat Ctr, Adv Semicond Res Inst, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China
| | - Yahya Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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23
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Pang R, Wang S. Dipole moment and pressure dependent interlayer excitons in MoSSe/WSSe heterostructures. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3416-3424. [PMID: 35113117 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06204b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The broken mirror symmetry of two-dimensional (2D) Janus materials brings novel quantum properties and various application prospects. Particularly, when stacking into heterostructures, their intrinsic dipole moments and large band offsets are very favorable to the photoexcited properties concerning electron-hole pairs, i.e., excitons. However, the effect of the intrinsic dipole moments on the interlayer excitons in the heterostructures composed of 2D Janus materials is still unclear. Here we use the GW/BSE methods to explore the effect of the intrinsic dipole moments on the interlayer excitons via varying the stacking configuration of MoSSe/WSSe heterostructures. Surprisingly, our results reveal that the parallel-arranged intrinsic dipole moments enhance the interlayer coupling in the heterostructures, and hence make the lowest interlayer exciton have an intensity comparable to the bright excitons while accompanied by a large binding energy and a radiative lifetime as long as 10-7 s at 300 K, though it is almost a spin-forbidden process, and with the out-of-plane light polarization, long lifetime interlayer excitons are observed under the effect of selection rules. More intriguingly, we found that the photoexcited properties of the interlayer excitons considering the momentum in the stacking configuration with parallel-arranged intrinsic dipole moments are greatly tunable through hydrostatic pressure. These explorations provide a basic perspective for optoelectronic applications by means of engineering the intrinsic dipole moments in Janus heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtian Pang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Shudong Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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24
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Zhao Y, Yan Y, Lee JM. Recent progress on transition metal diselenides from formation and modification to applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1075-1095. [PMID: 35019924 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of graphene promotes the research of similar two-dimensional (2D) materials, especially 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with semiconductor properties. Monolayer or few-layer TMDCs have several advantages, such as direct band gap, weak interlayer van der Waals force, large interlayer spacing, and abundant marginal active sites, which make them widely used in catalysis, optoelectronics, as well as energy conversion and storage devices. In addition, transition metal diselenides (TMDSs) also possess many intriguing characteristics. For instance, transition metal diselenides (e.g., MoSe2) have a more stable 1T phase, larger interlayer spacing, smaller band gap, and more obvious metallic property of Se than TMDCs (e.g., MoS2). Thus, it has become one of the most attractive research topics branching out from TMDCs. Herein, this review unveils the structures, synthesis, properties, modifications, applications, and perspectives for TMDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yibo Yan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore.
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25
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Baek H, Brotons-Gisbert M, Campbell A, Vitale V, Lischner J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Gerardot BD. Optical read-out of Coulomb staircases in a moiré superlattice via trapped interlayer trions. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1237-1243. [PMID: 34556832 PMCID: PMC8592839 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Moiré patterns with a superlattice potential can be formed by vertically stacking two layered materials with a relative twist or lattice constant mismatch. In transition metal dichalcogenide-based systems, the moiré potential landscape can trap interlayer excitons (IXs) at specific atomic registries. Here, we report that spatially isolated trapped IXs in a molybdenum diselenide/tungsten diselenide heterobilayer device provide a sensitive optical probe of carrier filling in their immediate environment. By mapping the spatial positions of individual trapped IXs, we are able to spectrally track the emitters as the moiré lattice is filled with excess carriers. Upon initial doping of the heterobilayer, neutral trapped IXs form charged IXs (IX trions) uniformly with a binding energy of ~7 meV. Upon further doping, the empty superlattice sites sequentially fill, creating a Coulomb staircase: stepwise changes in the IX trion emission energy due to Coulomb interactions with carriers at nearest-neighbour moiré sites. This non-invasive, highly local technique can complement transport and non-local optical sensing techniques to characterize Coulomb interaction energies, visualize charge correlated states, or probe local disorder in a moiré superlattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjun Baek
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Mauro Brotons-Gisbert
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aidan Campbell
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Valerio Vitale
- Departments of Materials and Physics and the Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Johannes Lischner
- Departments of Materials and Physics and the Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Brian D Gerardot
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
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26
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Wang X, Zhu J, Seyler KL, Rivera P, Zheng H, Wang Y, He M, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Yan J, Mandrus DG, Gamelin DR, Yao W, Xu X. Moiré trions in MoSe 2/WSe 2 heterobilayers. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1208-1213. [PMID: 34531556 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenide moiré bilayers with spatially periodic potentials have emerged as a highly tunable platform for studying both electronic1-6 and excitonic4,7-13 phenomena. The power of these systems lies in the combination of strong Coulomb interactions with the capability of controlling the charge number in a moiré potential trap. Electronically, exotic charge orders at both integer and fractional fillings have been discovered2,5. However, the impact of charging effects on excitons trapped in moiré potentials is poorly understood. Here, we report the observation of moiré trions and their doping-dependent photoluminescence polarization in H-stacked MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers. We find that as moiré traps are filled with either electrons or holes, new sets of interlayer exciton photoluminescence peaks with narrow linewidths emerge about 7 meV below the energy of the neutral moiré excitons. Circularly polarized photoluminescence reveals switching from co-circular to cross-circular polarizations as moiré excitons go from being negatively charged and neutral to positively charged. This switching results from the competition between valley-flip and spin-flip energy relaxation pathways of photo-excited electrons during interlayer trion formation. Our results offer a starting point for engineering both bosonic and fermionic many-body effects based on moiré excitons14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jiayi Zhu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kyle L Seyler
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pasqual Rivera
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Huiyuan Zheng
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingqi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Minhao He
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jiaqiang Yan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - David G Mandrus
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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27
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Mao XR, Shao ZK, Luan HY, Wang SL, Ma RM. Magic-angle lasers in nanostructured moiré superlattice. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1099-1105. [PMID: 34400821 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conventional laser cavities require discontinuity of material property or disorder to localize a light field for feedback. Recently, an emerging class of materials, twisted van der Waals materials, have been explored for applications in electronics and photonics. Here we propose and develop magic-angle lasers, where the localization is realized in periodic twisted photonic graphene superlattices. We reveal that the confinement mechanism of magic-angle lasers does not rely on a full bandgap but on the mode coupling between two twisted layers of photonic graphene lattice. Without any fine-tuning in structure parameters, a simple twist can result in nanocavities with strong field confinement and a high quality factor. Furthermore, the emissions of magic-angle lasers allow direct imaging of the wavefunctions of magic-angle states. Our work provides a robust platform to construct high-quality nanocavities for nanolasers, nano light-emitting diodes, nonlinear optics and cavity quantum electrodynamics at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Rui Mao
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Kai Shao
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Yi Luan
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Lei Wang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, China.
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28
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Zimmermann JE, Axt M, Mooshammer F, Nagler P, Schüller C, Korn T, Höfer U, Mette G. Ultrafast Charge-Transfer Dynamics in Twisted MoS 2/WSe 2 Heterostructures. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14725-14731. [PMID: 34520661 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides offer a fascinating platform for creating van der Waals heterojunctions with exciting physical properties. Because of their typical type-II band alignment, photoexcited electrons and holes can separate via interfacial charge transfer. Furthermore, the relative crystallographic alignment of the individual layers in these heterostructures represents an important degree of freedom. Based on both effects, various fascinating ideas for applications in optoelectronics and valleytronics have been suggested. Despite its utmost importance for the design and efficiency of potential devices, the nature and the dynamics of ultrafast charge transfer are not yet well understood. This is mainly because the charge transfer can be surprisingly fast, usually faster than the temporal resolution of previous experimental approaches. Here, we apply time- and polarization-resolved second-harmonic imaging microscopy to investigate the charge-transfer dynamics for three MoS2/WSe2 heterostructures with different stacking angles at a previously unattainable time resolution of ≈10 fs. For 1.70 eV excitation energy, electron transfer from WSe2 to MoS2 is found to depend considerably on the stacking angle with the fastest transfer time observed to be as short as 12 fs. At 1.85 eV excitation energy, ultrafast hole transfer from MoS2 to hybridized states at the Γ-point and to the K-points of WSe2 has to be considered. Surprisingly, the corresponding decay dynamics show only a minor stacking-angle dependence indicating that radiative recombination of momentum-space indirect Γ-K excitons becomes the dominant decay route for all samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas E Zimmermann
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marleen Axt
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Mooshammer
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Nagler
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schüller
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Korn
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ulrich Höfer
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerson Mette
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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29
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He F, Zhou Y, Ye Z, Cho SH, Jeong J, Meng X, Wang Y. Moiré Patterns in 2D Materials: A Review. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5944-5958. [PMID: 33769797 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantum materials have attracted much attention in recent years due to their exotic and incredible properties. Among them, van der Waals materials stand out due to their weak interlayer coupling, providing easy access to manipulating electrical and optical properties. Many fascinating electrical, optical, and magnetic properties have been reported in the moiré superlattices, such as unconventional superconductivity, photonic dispersion engineering, and ferromagnetism. In this review, we summarize the methods to prepare moiré superlattices in the van der Waals materials and focus on the current discoveries of moiré pattern-modified electrical properties, recent findings of atomic reconstruction, as well as some possible future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zefang Ye
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sang-Hyeok Cho
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jihoon Jeong
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xianghai Meng
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yaguo Wang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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30
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Errando-Herranz C, Schöll E, Picard R, Laini M, Gyger S, Elshaari AW, Branny A, Wennberg U, Barbat S, Renaud T, Sartison M, Brotons-Gisbert M, Bonato C, Gerardot BD, Zwiller V, Jöns KD. Resonance Fluorescence from Waveguide-Coupled, Strain-Localized, Two-Dimensional Quantum Emitters. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:1069-1076. [PMID: 34056034 PMCID: PMC8155555 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Efficient on-chip integration of single-photon emitters imposes a major bottleneck for applications of photonic integrated circuits in quantum technologies. Resonantly excited solid-state emitters are emerging as near-optimal quantum light sources, if not for the lack of scalability of current devices. Current integration approaches rely on cost-inefficient individual emitter placement in photonic integrated circuits, rendering applications impossible. A promising scalable platform is based on two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. However, resonant excitation and single-photon emission of waveguide-coupled 2D emitters have proven to be elusive. Here, we show a scalable approach using a silicon nitride photonic waveguide to simultaneously strain-localize single-photon emitters from a tungsten diselenide (WSe2) monolayer and to couple them into a waveguide mode. We demonstrate the guiding of single photons in the photonic circuit by measuring second-order autocorrelation of g(2)(0) = 0.150 ± 0.093 and perform on-chip resonant excitation, yielding a g(2)(0) = 0.377 ± 0.081. Our results are an important step to enable coherent control of quantum states and multiplexing of high-quality single photons in a scalable photonic quantum circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Errando-Herranz
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
- E-mail:
| | - Eva Schöll
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Physics, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
- E-mail:
| | - Raphaël Picard
- Institute
for Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Micaela Laini
- Institute
for Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Gyger
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali W. Elshaari
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Art Branny
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Wennberg
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastien Barbat
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thibaut Renaud
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marc Sartison
- Department
of Physics, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Mauro Brotons-Gisbert
- Institute
for Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Cristian Bonato
- Institute
for Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Brian D. Gerardot
- Institute
for Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Val Zwiller
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus D. Jöns
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Physics, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
- E-mail:
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31
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Jiang Y, Chen S, Zheng W, Zheng B, Pan A. Interlayer exciton formation, relaxation, and transport in TMD van der Waals heterostructures. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:72. [PMID: 33811214 PMCID: PMC8018964 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) generally possess a type-II band alignment that facilitates the formation of interlayer excitons between constituent monolayers. Manipulation of the interlayer excitons in TMD vdW heterostructures holds great promise for the development of excitonic integrated circuits that serve as the counterpart of electronic integrated circuits, which allows the photons and excitons to transform into each other and thus bridges optical communication and signal processing at the integrated circuit. As a consequence, numerous studies have been carried out to obtain deep insight into the physical properties of interlayer excitons, including revealing their ultrafast formation, long population recombination lifetimes, and intriguing spin-valley dynamics. These outstanding properties ensure interlayer excitons with good transport characteristics, and may pave the way for their potential applications in efficient excitonic devices based on TMD vdW heterostructures. At present, a systematic and comprehensive overview of interlayer exciton formation, relaxation, transport, and potential applications is still lacking. In this review, we give a comprehensive description and discussion of these frontier topics for interlayer excitons in TMD vdW heterostructures to provide valuable guidance for researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Shula Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihao Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Biyuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China.
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32
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Andersen TI, Scuri G, Sushko A, De Greve K, Sung J, Zhou Y, Wild DS, Gelly RJ, Heo H, Bérubé D, Joe AY, Jauregui LA, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kim P, Park H, Lukin MD. Excitons in a reconstructed moiré potential in twisted WSe 2/WSe 2 homobilayers. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:480-487. [PMID: 33398121 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Moiré superlattices in twisted van der Waals materials have recently emerged as a promising platform for engineering electronic and optical properties. A major obstacle to fully understanding these systems and harnessing their potential is the limited ability to correlate direct imaging of the moiré structure with optical and electronic properties. Here we develop a secondary electron microscope technique to directly image stacking domains in fully functional van der Waals heterostructure devices. After demonstrating the imaging of AB/BA and ABA/ABC domains in multilayer graphene, we employ this technique to investigate reconstructed moiré patterns in twisted WSe2/WSe2 bilayers and directly correlate the increasing moiré periodicity with the emergence of two distinct exciton species in photoluminescence measurements. These states can be tuned individually through electrostatic gating and feature different valley coherence properties. We attribute our observations to the formation of an array of two intralayer exciton species that reside in alternating locations in the superlattice, and open up new avenues to realize tunable exciton arrays in twisted van der Waals heterostructures, with applications in quantum optoelectronics and explorations of novel many-body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Scuri
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrey Sushko
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristiaan De Greve
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- imec, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jiho Sung
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dominik S Wild
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan J Gelly
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hoseok Heo
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Damien Bérubé
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Y Joe
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luis A Jauregui
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Philip Kim
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hongkun Park
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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33
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Moiré excitons in MoSe 2-WSe 2 heterobilayers and heterotrilayers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1656. [PMID: 33712577 PMCID: PMC7955063 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Layered two-dimensional materials exhibit rich transport and optical phenomena in twisted or lattice-incommensurate heterostructures with spatial variations of interlayer hybridization arising from moiré interference effects. Here, we report experimental and theoretical studies of excitons in twisted heterobilayers and heterotrilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides. Using MoSe2-WSe2 stacks as representative realizations of twisted van der Waals bilayer and trilayer heterostructures, we observe contrasting optical signatures and interpret them in the theoretical framework of interlayer moiré excitons in different spin and valley configurations. We conclude that the photoluminescence of MoSe2-WSe2 heterobilayer is consistent with joint contributions from radiatively decaying valley-direct interlayer excitons and phonon-assisted emission from momentum-indirect reservoirs that reside in spatially distinct regions of moiré supercells, whereas the heterotrilayer emission is entirely due to momentum-dark interlayer excitons of hybrid-layer valleys. Our results highlight the profound role of interlayer hybridization for transition metal dichalcogenide heterostacks and other realizations of multi-layered semiconductor van der Waals heterostructures.
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34
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Bai Y, Zhou L, Wang J, Wu W, McGilly LJ, Halbertal D, Lo CFB, Liu F, Ardelean J, Rivera P, Finney NR, Yang XC, Basov DN, Yao W, Xu X, Hone J, Pasupathy AN, Zhu XY. Excitons in strain-induced one-dimensional moiré potentials at transition metal dichalcogenide heterojunctions. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:1068-1073. [PMID: 32661380 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of confining interlayer excitons in interfacial moiré patterns has recently gained attention as a strategy to form ordered arrays of zero-dimensional quantum emitters and topological superlattices in transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. Strain is expected to play an important role in the modulation of the moiré potential landscape, tuning the array of quantum dot-like zero-dimensional traps into parallel stripes of one-dimensional quantum wires. Here, we present real-space imaging of unstrained zero-dimensional and strain-induced one-dimensional moiré patterns along with photoluminescence measurements of the corresponding excitonic emission from WSe2/MoSe2 heterobilayers. Whereas excitons in zero-dimensional moiré traps display quantum emitter-like sharp photoluminescence peaks with circular polarization, the photoluminescence emission from excitons in one-dimensional moiré potentials shows linear polarization and two orders of magnitude higher intensity. These results establish strain engineering as an effective method to tailor moiré potentials and their optoelectronic response on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leo J McGilly
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dorri Halbertal
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny Ardelean
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pasqual Rivera
- Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathan R Finney
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xu-Chen Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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35
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Alexeev EM, Mullin N, Ares P, Nevison-Andrews H, Skrypka O, Godde T, Kozikov A, Hague L, Wang Y, Novoselov KS, Fumagalli L, Hobbs JK, Tartakovskii AI. Emergence of Highly Linearly Polarized Interlayer Exciton Emission in MoSe 2/WSe 2 Heterobilayers with Transfer-Induced Layer Corrugation. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11110-11119. [PMID: 32803959 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The availability of accessible fabrication methods based on deterministic transfer of atomically thin crystals has been essential for the rapid expansion of research into van der Waals heterostructures. An inherent issue of these techniques is the deformation of the polymer carrier film during the transfer, which can lead to highly nonuniform strain induced in the transferred two-dimensional material. Here, using a combination of optical spectroscopy, atomic force, and Kelvin probe force microscopy, we show that the presence of nanometer scale wrinkles formed due to transfer-induced stress relaxation can lead to strong changes in the optical properties of MoSe2/WSe2 heterostructures and the emergence of linearly polarized interlayer exciton photoluminescence. We attribute these changes to local breaking of crystal symmetry in the nanowrinkles, which act as efficient accumulation centers for interlayer excitons due to the strain-induced interlayer band gap reduction. Surface potential images of the rippled heterobilayer samples acquired using Kelvin probe force microscopy reveal variations of the local work function consistent with strain-induced band gap modulation, while the potential offset observed at the ridges of the wrinkles shows a clear correlation with the value of the tensile strain estimated from the wrinkle geometry. Our findings highlight the important role of the residual strain in defining optical properties of van der Waals heterostructures and suggest effective approaches for interlayer exciton manipulation by local strain engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny M Alexeev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Nic Mullin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Ares
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet Nevison-Andrews
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Oleksandr Skrypka
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Tillmann Godde
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksey Kozikov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Hague
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Yibo Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kostya S Novoselov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 117546 Singapore
- Chongqing 2D Materials Institute, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, 400714 China
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie K Hobbs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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36
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Baek H, Brotons-Gisbert M, Koong ZX, Campbell A, Rambach M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Gerardot BD. Highly energy-tunable quantum light from moiré-trapped excitons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/37/eaba8526. [PMID: 32917702 PMCID: PMC7486092 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba8526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Photon antibunching, a hallmark of quantum light, has been observed in the correlations of light from isolated atomic and atomic-like solid-state systems. Two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures offer a unique method to create a quantum light source: Moiré trapping potentials for excitons are predicted to create arrays of quantum emitters. While signatures of moiré-trapped excitons have been observed, their quantum nature has yet to be confirmed. Here, we report photon antibunching from single moiré-trapped interlayer excitons in a heterobilayer. Via magneto-optical spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the discrete anharmonic spectra arise from bound band-edge electron-hole pairs trapped in moiré potentials. Last, we exploit the large permanent dipole of interlayer excitons to achieve large direct current (DC) Stark tuning up to 40 meV. Our results confirm the quantum nature of moiré-confined excitons and open opportunities to investigate their inhomogeneity and interactions between the emitters or energetically tune single emitters into resonance with cavity modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Baek
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - M Brotons-Gisbert
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Z X Koong
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - A Campbell
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - M Rambach
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - K Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - B D Gerardot
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
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