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Yuan SHC, Wu CC, Wang YC, Chan XY, Chu HW, Yang Y, Liu HP. AGR2-mediated unconventional secretion of 14-3-3ε and α-actinin-4, responsive to ER stress and autophagy, drives chemotaxis in canine mammary tumor cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:84. [PMID: 38822246 PMCID: PMC11140979 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) in intact female dogs provide a natural model for investigating metastatic human cancers. Our prior research identified elevated expression of Anterior Gradient 2 (AGR2), a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) primarily found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in CMT tissues, highly associated with CMT progression. We further demonstrated that increased AGR2 expression actively influences the extracellular microenvironment, promoting chemotaxis in CMT cells. Unraveling the underlying mechanisms is crucial for assessing the potential of therapeutically targeting AGR2 as a strategy to inhibit a pro-metastatic microenvironment and impede tumor metastasis. METHODS To identify the AGR2-modulated secretome, we employed proteomics analysis of the conditioned media (CM) from two CMT cell lines ectopically expressing AGR2, compared with corresponding vector-expressing controls. AGR2-regulated release of 14-3-3ε (gene: YWHAE) and α-actinin 4 (gene: ACTN4) was validated through ectopic expression, knockdown, and knockout of the AGR2 gene in CMT cells. Extracellular vesicles derived from CMT cells were isolated using either differential ultracentrifugation or size exclusion chromatography. The roles of 14-3-3ε and α-actinin 4 in the chemotaxis driven by the AGR2-modulated CM were investigated through gene knockdown, antibody-mediated interference, and recombinant protein supplement. Furthermore, the clinical relevance of the release of 14-3-3ε and α-actinin 4 was assessed using CMT tissue-immersed saline and sera from CMT-afflicted dogs. RESULTS Proteomics analysis of the AGR2-modulated secretome revealed increased abundance in 14-3-3ε and α-actinin 4. Ectopic expression of AGR2 significantly increased the release of 14-3-3ε and α-actinin 4 in the CM. Conversely, knockdown or knockout of AGR2 expression remarkably reduced their release. Silencing 14-3-3ε or α-actinin 4 expression diminished the chemotaxis driven by AGR2-modulated CM. Furthermore, AGR2 controls the release of 14-3-3ε and α-actinin 4 primarily via non-vesicular routes, responding to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy activation. Knockout of AGR2 resulted in increased α-actinin 4 accumulation and impaired 14-3-3ε translocation in autophagosomes. Depletion of extracellular 14-3-3ε or α-actinin 4 reduced the chemotaxis driven by AGR2-modulated CM, whereas supplement with recombinant 14-3-3ε in the CM enhanced the CM-driven chemotaxis. Notably, elevated levels of 14-3-3ε or α-actinin 4 were observed in CMT tissue-immersed saline compared with paired non-tumor samples and in the sera of CMT dogs compared with healthy dogs. CONCLUSION This study elucidates AGR2's pivotal role in orchestrating unconventional secretion of 14-3-3ε and α-actinin 4 from CMT cells, thereby contributing to paracrine-mediated chemotaxis. The insight into the intricate interplay between AGR2-involved ER stress, autophagy, and unconventional secretion provides a foundation for refining strategies aimed at impeding metastasis in both canine mammary tumors and potentially human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hsien-Chi Yuan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Wang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Xiu-Ya Chan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wei Chu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Youngsen Yang
- Department of Oncology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ping Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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Filippo D, Guardone L, Listorti V, Elisabetta R. Microbiome in cancer: A comparative analysis between humans and dogs. Vet J 2024; 305:106145. [PMID: 38788999 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death in humans and animals worldwide. While cancer survival rates have increased over recent decades, further research to identify risk factors for the onset and progression of disease, and safe and highly efficacious treatments, is needed. Spontaneous tumours in pets represent an excellent model for neoplastic disease in humans. In this regard, dogs are an interesting species, as the divergence between the dog and human genome is low, humans and dogs have important similarities in the development and functioning of the immune system, and both species often share the same physical environment. There is also a higher homology between the canine and human microbiome than murine model. This review aims to describe and organize recently published information on canine microbiome assemblages and their relationship with the onset and progression of colorectal cancer, breast cancer and lymphoma, and to compare this with human disease. In both species, dysbiosis can induce variations in the gut microbiota that strongly influence shifts in status between health and disease. This can produce an inflammatory state, potentially leading to neoplasia, especially in the intestine, thus supporting canine studies in comparative oncology. Intestinal dysbiosis can also alter the efficacy and side effects of cancer treatments. Fewer published studies are available on changes in the relevant microbiomes in canine lymphoma and mammary cancer, and further research in this area could improve our understanding of the role of microbiota in the development of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dell'Anno Filippo
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Genova 16129, Italy; Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lisa Guardone
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Genova 16129, Italy
| | - Valeria Listorti
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Genova 16129, Italy
| | - Razzuoli Elisabetta
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Genova 16129, Italy.
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3
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Kocikowski M, Dziubek K, Węgrzyn K, Hrabal V, Zavadil-Kokas F, Vojtesek B, Alfaro JA, Hupp T, Parys M. Comparative characterization of two monoclonal antibodies targeting canine PD-1. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1382576. [PMID: 38779661 PMCID: PMC11110041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints have revolutionized oncology. Yet, the effectiveness of these treatments varies significantly among patients, and they are associated with unexpected adverse events, including hyperprogression. The murine research model used in drug development fails to recapitulate both the functional human immune system and the population heterogeneity. Hence, a novel model is urgently needed to study the consequences of immune checkpoint blockade. Dogs appear to be uniquely suited for this role. Approximately 1 in 4 companion dogs dies from cancer, yet no antibodies are commercially available for use in veterinary oncology. Here we characterize two novel antibodies that bind canine PD-1 with sub-nanomolar affinity as measured by SPR. Both antibodies block the clinically crucial PD-1/PD-L1 interaction in a competitive ELISA assay. Additionally, the antibodies were tested with a broad range of assays including Western Blot, ELISA, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. The antibodies appear to bind two distinct epitopes as predicted by molecular modeling and peptide phage display. Our study provides new tools for canine oncology research and a potential veterinary therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Kocikowski
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Dziubek
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Węgrzyn
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Vaclav Hrabal
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Filip Zavadil-Kokas
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Javier Antonio Alfaro
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ted Hupp
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maciej Parys
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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4
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Groll T, Aupperle-Lellbach H, Mogler C, Steiger K. [Comparative pathology in oncology-Best practice]. PATHOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 45:190-197. [PMID: 38602524 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-024-01327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Comparative experimental pathology is a research field at the interface of human and veterinary medicine. It is focused on the comparative study of similarities and differences between spontaneous and experimentally induced diseases in animals (animal models) compared to human diseases. The use of animal models for studying human diseases is an essential component of biomedical research. Interdisciplinary teams with species-specific expertise should collaborate wherever possible and maintain close communication. Mutual openness, cooperation, and willingness to learn form the basis for a fruitful collaboration. Research projects jointly led by or involving both animal and human pathologists make a significant contribution to high-quality biomedical research. Such approaches are promising not only in oncological research, as outlined in this article, but also in other research areas where animal models are regularly used, such as infectiology, neurology, and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Groll
- Institut für Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, School of Medicine and Health, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, München, Deutschland
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), School of Medicine and Health, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Heike Aupperle-Lellbach
- Institut für Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, School of Medicine and Health, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, München, Deutschland
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), School of Medicine and Health, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
- LABOKLIN GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Kissingen, Deutschland
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institut für Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, School of Medicine and Health, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, München, Deutschland
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), School of Medicine and Health, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institut für Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, School of Medicine and Health, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, München, Deutschland.
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), School of Medicine and Health, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland.
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5
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Chon E, Hendricks W, White M, Rodrigues L, Haworth D, Post G. Precision Medicine in Veterinary Science. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024; 54:501-521. [PMID: 38212188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Precision medicine focuses on the clinical management of the individual patient, not on population-based findings. Successes from human precision medicine inform veterinary oncology. Early evidence of success for canines shows how precision medicine can be integrated into practice. Decreasing genomic profiling costs will allow increased utilization and subsequent improvement of knowledge base from which to make better informed decisions. Utility of precision medicine in canine oncology will only increase for improved cancer characterization, enhanced therapy selection, and overall more successful management of canine cancer. As such, practitioners are called to interpret and leverage precision medicine reports for their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Chon
- Vidium Animal Health, 7201 East Henkel Way, Suite 210, Scottsdale, AZ 85255, USA
| | - William Hendricks
- Vidium Animal Health, 7201 East Henkel Way, Suite 210, Scottsdale, AZ 85255, USA
| | - Michelle White
- OneHealthCompany, Inc, 530 Lytton Avenue, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - Lucas Rodrigues
- OneHealthCompany, Inc, 530 Lytton Avenue, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - David Haworth
- Vidium Animal Health, 7201 East Henkel Way, Suite 210, Scottsdale, AZ 85255, USA
| | - Gerald Post
- OneHealthCompany, Inc, 530 Lytton Avenue, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA.
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6
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Razmara AM, Farley LE, Harris RM, Judge SJ, Lammers M, Iranpur KR, Johnson EG, Dunai C, Murphy WJ, Brown CT, Rebhun RB, Kent MS, Canter RJ. Preclinical evaluation and first-in-dog clinical trials of PBMC-expanded natural killer cells for adoptive immunotherapy in dogs with cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e007963. [PMID: 38631708 PMCID: PMC11029326 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic cells capable of recognizing heterogeneous cancer targets without prior sensitization, making them promising prospects for use in cellular immunotherapy. Companion dogs develop spontaneous cancers in the context of an intact immune system, representing a valid cancer immunotherapy model. Previously, CD5 depletion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was used in dogs to isolate a CD5dim-expressing NK subset prior to co-culture with an irradiated feeder line, but this can limit the yield of the final NK product. This study aimed to assess NK activation, expansion, and preliminary clinical activity in first-in-dog clinical trials using a novel system with unmanipulated PBMCs to generate our NK cell product. METHODS Starting populations of CD5-depleted cells and PBMCs from healthy beagle donors were co-cultured for 14 days, phenotype, cytotoxicity, and cytokine secretion were measured, and samples were sequenced using the 3'-Tag-RNA-Seq protocol. Co-cultured human PBMCs and NK-isolated cells were also sequenced for comparative analysis. In addition, two first-in-dog clinical trials were performed in dogs with melanoma and osteosarcoma using autologous and allogeneic NK cells, respectively, to establish safety and proof-of-concept of this manufacturing approach. RESULTS Calculated cell counts, viability, killing, and cytokine secretion were equivalent or higher in expanded NK cells from canine PBMCs versus CD5-depleted cells, and immune phenotyping confirmed a CD3-NKp46+ product from PBMC-expanded cells at day 14. Transcriptomic analysis of expanded cell populations confirmed upregulation of NK activation genes and related pathways, and human NK cells using well-characterized NK markers closely mirrored canine gene expression patterns. Autologous and allogeneic PBMC-derived NK cells were successfully expanded for use in first-in-dog clinical trials, resulting in no serious adverse events and preliminary efficacy data. RNA sequencing of PBMCs from dogs receiving allogeneic NK transfer showed patient-unique gene signatures with NK gene expression trends in response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the use of unmanipulated PBMCs appears safe and potentially effective for canine NK immunotherapy with equivalent to superior results to CD5 depletion in NK expansion, activation, and cytotoxicity. Our preclinical and clinical data support further evaluation of this technique as a novel platform for optimizing NK immunotherapy in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryana M Razmara
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Lauren E Farley
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Rayna M Harris
- Department Population Health and Reproduction, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sean J Judge
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Marshall Lammers
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Khurshid R Iranpur
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Eric G Johnson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cordelia Dunai
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - C Titus Brown
- Department Population Health and Reproduction, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael S Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Robert J Canter
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
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7
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Silver KI, Mannheimer JD, Saba C, Hendricks WPD, Wang G, Day K, Warrier M, Beck JA, Mazcko C, LeBlanc AK. Clinical, pathologic and molecular findings in 2 Rottweiler littermates with appendicular osteosarcoma. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4223759. [PMID: 38659878 PMCID: PMC11042397 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4223759/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Appendicular osteosarcoma was diagnosed and treated in a pair of littermate Rottweiler dogs, resulting in distinctly different clinical outcomes despite similar therapy within the context of a prospective, randomized clinical trial (NCI-COTC021/022). Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, mRNA sequencing, and targeted DNA hotspot sequencing techniques were applied to both dogs' tumors to define factors that could underpin their differential response to treatment. We describe the comparison of their clinical, histologic and molecular features, as well as those from a companion cohort of Rottweiler dogs, providing new insight into potential prognostic biomarkers for canine osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William P D Hendricks
- Vidium Animal Health, A Subsidiary of The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)
| | - Guannan Wang
- Vidium Animal Health, A Subsidiary of The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)
| | - Kenneth Day
- Vidium Animal Health, A Subsidiary of The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)
| | - Manisha Warrier
- Vidium Animal Health, A Subsidiary of The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)
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8
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Oblak ML, Lu HY, Ram AS, McKenna C. Comparative aspects of targeted sentinel lymph node mapping in veterinary and human medicine: opportunities for future research. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1342456. [PMID: 38633313 PMCID: PMC11021648 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1342456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a significant overlap in the genetic, metabolic and epigenetic alterations between human and companion animal cancers, including those of the oral cavity, breast, bladder, skin, lungs and pancreas. In many cancer types, the identification and removal of affected lymph nodes are essential for accurate cancer management, including treatment and prognosis. Historically, lymphadenectomy and subsequent radical resection based on regional anatomy, palpation and lymph node aspirates were considered sufficient; however, modern approaches with sentinel lymph node mapping (SLN) mapping have increased the accuracy of surgical decision-making. Preoperative and intraoperative SLN mapping techniques in veterinary patients parallel those used in human medicine. While many of these techniques are highly successful, the main challenges with current methodologies are their sensitivity and specificity for the presence of cancer, which can be overcome via precision medicine and targeted SLN mapping agents. Given the large population of dogs and cats with cancer, the crossover of knowledge between species can help to deepen our understanding of many of these cancers and can be useful in evaluating new drugs and/or therapies. In this review, we discuss SLN mapping techniques in veterinary medicine and the concept of precision medicine as it relates to targeted SLN mapping imaging agents. The large number of companion animals affected by cancer is an underutilized resource to bridge the translational gap and we aim to provide a reference for the use of dogs and cats as a comparative model for human SLN mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Oblak
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Hui Yu Lu
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ann S. Ram
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Charly McKenna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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9
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Stinson JA, Barbosa MMP, Sheen A, Momin N, Fink E, Hampel J, Selting K, Kamerer R, Bailey KL, Wittrup KD, Fan TM. Tumor-localized interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 combine with radiation therapy to safely potentiate regression of advanced malignant melanoma in pet dogs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.12.579965. [PMID: 38405716 PMCID: PMC10888855 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.579965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The clinical use of interleukin-2 and -12 cytokines against cancer is limited by their narrow therapeutic windows due to on-target, off-tumor activation of immune cells when delivered systemically. Engineering IL-2 and IL-12 to bind to extracellular matrix collagen allows these cytokines to be retained within tumors after intralesional injection, overcoming these clinical safety challenges. While this approach has potentiated responses in syngeneic mouse tumors without toxicity, the complex tumor-immune interactions in human cancers are difficult to recapitulate in mouse models of cancer. This has driven an increased role for comparative oncology clinical trials in companion (pet) dogs with spontaneous cancers that feature analogous tumor and immune biology to human cancers. Here, we report the results from a dose-escalation clinical trial of intratumoral collagen-binding IL-2 and IL-12 cytokines in pet dogs with malignant melanoma, observing encouraging local and regional responses to therapy that may suggest human clinical benefit with this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Stinson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Allison Sheen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Noor Momin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elizabeth Fink
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jordan Hampel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Kimberly Selting
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Rebecca Kamerer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | | | - K. Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Timothy M. Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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10
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Kaplan BLF, Hoberman AM, Slikker W, Smith MA, Corsini E, Knudsen TB, Marty MS, Sobrian SK, Fitzpatrick SC, Ratner MH, Mendrick DL. Protecting Human and Animal Health: The Road from Animal Models to New Approach Methods. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:251-266. [PMID: 38351072 PMCID: PMC10877708 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals and animal models have been invaluable for our current understanding of human and animal biology, including physiology, pharmacology, biochemistry, and disease pathology. However, there are increasing concerns with continued use of animals in basic biomedical, pharmacological, and regulatory research to provide safety assessments for drugs and chemicals. There are concerns that animals do not provide sufficient information on toxicity and/or efficacy to protect the target population, so scientists are utilizing the principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement (the 3Rs) and increasing the development and application of new approach methods (NAMs). NAMs are any technology, methodology, approach, or assay used to understand the effects and mechanisms of drugs or chemicals, with specific focus on applying the 3Rs. Although progress has been made in several areas with NAMs, complete replacement of animal models with NAMs is not yet attainable. The road to NAMs requires additional development, increased use, and, for regulatory decision making, usually formal validation. Moreover, it is likely that replacement of animal models with NAMs will require multiple assays to ensure sufficient biologic coverage. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a balanced view of the current state of the use of animal models and NAMs as approaches to development, safety, efficacy, and toxicity testing of drugs and chemicals. Animals do not provide all needed information nor do NAMs, but each can elucidate key pieces of the puzzle of human and animal biology and contribute to the goal of protecting human and animal health. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Data from traditional animal studies have predominantly been used to inform human health safety and efficacy. Although it is unlikely that all animal studies will be able to be replaced, with the continued advancement in new approach methods (NAMs), it is possible that sometime in the future, NAMs will likely be an important component by which the discovery, efficacy, and toxicity testing of drugs and chemicals is conducted and regulatory decisions are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L F Kaplan
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Alan M Hoberman
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - William Slikker
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Mary Alice Smith
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Thomas B Knudsen
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - M Sue Marty
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Sonya K Sobrian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Suzanne C Fitzpatrick
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Marcia H Ratner
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
| | - Donna L Mendrick
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (B.L.F.K.); Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania (A.M.H.); Retired, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas (W.S.); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A.S.); Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, 'Rodolfo Paoletti' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (E.C.); US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.B.K.); Dow, Inc., Midland, Michigan (M.S.M.); Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC (S.K.S.); Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland (S.C.F.); Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (M.H.R.); and National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland (D.L.M.)
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11
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Suzuki T, Henshaw MJ, Yanagi T, Aoshima K. Current understanding of comparative pathology and prospective research approaches for canine hemangiosarcoma. Res Vet Sci 2024; 167:105120. [PMID: 38150941 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a malignant tumor originating from endothelial cells. HSA typically develops in dogs, but is rare in other animals, including humans. Although surgery and chemotherapy are conventional treatments for HSA, neither treatment can significantly improve patient prognosis. To develop novel and effective therapeutics, a deeper understanding of HSA pathogenesis must be acquired. However, the limited research tools for HSA have been unable to make a breakthrough; therefore, it is crucial to widely utilize or establish novel research tools such as patient-derived xenograft models, organoids, and chicken embryo xenograft models. The pathogenesis of the human counterpart of HSA, angiosarcoma (AS), also remains incompletely understood, preventing the extrapolation of findings from humans to dogs, unlike other diseases. In this review, we summarize the clinicopathological and morphological features of HSA, and then we discuss the current understanding of the molecular pathology of HSA. Finally, we highlight promising research tools that may accelerate HSA basic research toward developing novel therapeutics. We also briefly summarize AS to help researchers comprehend HSA from the perspective of comparative pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamami Suzuki
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Michael James Henshaw
- English Education Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Teruki Yanagi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Keisuke Aoshima
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; Cancer Research Unit, One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.
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12
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Knapp DW, Dhawan D, Ruple A, Cooper BR, Zhang M, Liu D, Ramos-Vara JA, Bonney PL, Fourez LM, Enstrom AW, Lahrman SA, Tullius JA. Association between cigarette smoke exposure and urinary bladder cancer in Scottish terriers in a cohort study. Vet J 2024; 303:106044. [PMID: 38000695 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Canine urothelial carcinoma (UC) initially responds favorably to treatment, but is ultimately lethal in most cases. Research to identify modifiable risk factors to prevent the cancer is essential. The high breed-associated risk for UC, e.g. 20-fold higher in Scottish terriers, can facilitate this research. The objective was to identify environmental and host factors associated with UC in a cohort of Scottish terriers. Information was obtained through dog owner questionnaires for 120 Scottish terriers ≥ 6 years old participating in a bladder cancer screening study, with comparisons made between dogs that did or did not develop UC during the 3 years of screening. Univariable models were constructed, and variables with P < 0.20 were included when building the multivariable model, and then removed using a backward stepwise procedure. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Urine cotinine concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to further investigate potential cigarette smoke exposure. Biopsy-confirmed UC which was found in 32 of 120 dogs, was significantly associated with the dogs living in a household with cigarette smokers (odds ratio [OR], 6.34; 95 % confidence intervals [CI], 1.16-34.69; P = 0.033), living within a mile of a marsh or wetland (OR, 21.23; 95 % CI, 3.64-123.69; P = 0.001), and history of previous bladder infections (OR, 3.87; 95 % CI, 1.0-14.98; P = 0.050). UC was diagnosed in 18 of 51 dogs (35.3 %) with quantifiable cotinine concentrations, and six of 40 dogs (15.0 %) without quantifiable cotinine concentrations in their urine (P = 0.0165). In conclusion, the main modifiable risk factor for UC in this cohort of dogs was exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - D Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - A Ruple
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, 700 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - B R Cooper
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 1203 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - M Zhang
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Statistics, College of Science, Purdue University, 150 N. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - D Liu
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, Purdue University, 150 N. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J A Ramos-Vara
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 725 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - P L Bonney
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - L M Fourez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - A W Enstrom
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - S A Lahrman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J A Tullius
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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13
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Burton JH, Johnston SA, Vail DM, Eickhoff JC, Sykes KF, Brown JR, Shen L, Gervassi A, Page RL, Willcox JL, Al-Nadaf S, Willis AL, Biggs D, Ralston J, Mok I, Kurzman ID, Huelsmeyer MK, Hayim R, Smith BM, Thamm DH. Design of a randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluating efficacy and safety of a cancer preventative vaccine in dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 267:110691. [PMID: 38056066 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Preventative anti-cancer vaccination strategies have long been hampered by the challenge of targeting the diverse array of potential tumor antigens, with successes to date limited to cancers with viral etiologies. Identification and vaccination against frameshift neoantigens conserved across multiple species and tumor histologies is a potential cancer preventative strategy currently being investigated. Companion dogs spontaneously develop cancers at a similar incidence to those in people and are a complementary comparative patient population for the development of novel anti-cancer therapeutics. In addition to an intact immune system with tumors that arise in an autochthonous tumor microenvironment, dogs also have a shorter lifespan and temporally compressed tumor natural history as compared to humans, which allows for more rapid evaluation of safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of cancer vaccination strategies. Here we describe the study protocol for the Vaccination Against Canine Cancer Study (VACCS), the largest interventional cancer clinical trial conducted in companion dogs to date. In addition to safety and immunogenicity, the primary endpoint of VACCS is the cumulative incidence (CI) of dogs developing malignant neoplasia of any type at the end of the study period. Secondary endpoints include changes in incidence of specific tumor types, survival times following neoplasia diagnosis, and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna H Burton
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 W. Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Stephen Albert Johnston
- Calviri, Inc., Phoenix Bioscience Core, 850 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States; Center for Innovations in Medicine, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E. Tyler Street, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States
| | - David M Vail
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Jens C Eickhoff
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53726, United States
| | - Kathryn F Sykes
- Calviri, Inc., Phoenix Bioscience Core, 850 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
| | - Justin R Brown
- Calviri, Inc., Phoenix Bioscience Core, 850 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
| | - Luhui Shen
- Calviri, Inc., Phoenix Bioscience Core, 850 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
| | - Ana Gervassi
- Calviri, Inc., Phoenix Bioscience Core, 850 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
| | - Rodney L Page
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 W. Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Jennifer L Willcox
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Sami Al-Nadaf
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Amanda L Willis
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 W. Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Danielle Biggs
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 W. Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Jessica Ralston
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 W. Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Irene Mok
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 W. Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Ilene D Kurzman
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Michael K Huelsmeyer
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Rubi Hayim
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Brittany M Smith
- Veterinary Center for Clinical Trials, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 W. Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States.
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14
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Allenspach K, Zavros Y, Elbadawy M, Zdyrski C, Mochel JP. Leveraging the predictive power of 3D organoids in dogs to develop new treatments for man and man's best friend. BMC Biol 2023; 21:297. [PMID: 38155352 PMCID: PMC10755934 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Allenspach
- Department of Pathology, Precision One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 220 South Riverbend Laboratories, Athens, GA, 30530, USA.
| | - Yana Zavros
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona, University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Department of Pathology, Precision One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 220 South Riverbend Laboratories, Athens, GA, 30530, USA
| | - Christopher Zdyrski
- Department of Pathology, Precision One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 220 South Riverbend Laboratories, Athens, GA, 30530, USA
| | - Jonathan Paul Mochel
- Department of Pathology, Precision One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 220 South Riverbend Laboratories, Athens, GA, 30530, USA
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15
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Silver KI, Patkar S, Mazcko C, Berger EP, Beck JA, LeBlanc AK. Patterns of metastatic progression and association with clinical outcomes in canine osteosarcoma: A necropsy study of 83 dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:646-655. [PMID: 37592810 PMCID: PMC10842475 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly metastatic primary bone tumour that occurs spontaneously in both pet dogs and humans. Patterns of metastasis to organs beyond the most common site (lung) are poorly characterised and it is unknown whether specific associations between patterns of metastatic progression and patient features exist. This retrospective study characterised the necropsy findings of 83 dogs receiving standardised therapy and clinical monitoring in a prospective clinical trial setting to document patterns of metastasis and correlate outcomes with these patterns and other patient and tumour-specific factors. A total of 20 different sites of metastasis were documented, with lung as the most common site, followed by bone, kidney, liver, and heart. Two distinct clusters of dogs were identified based on patterns of metastasis. There was no significant association between site of enrollment, trial arm, sex, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, or tumour location and clinical outcomes. A second cancer type was identified at necropsy in 10 dogs (10/83; 12%). These data showcase the extensive nature of osteosarcoma metastasis beyond the lung and provide a benchmark for clinical monitoring of the disease. Further, this study provides insight into transcriptional features of primary tumours that may relate to a propensity for osteosarcoma metastasis to specific organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Silver
- Comparative Oncology Program, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - S Patkar
- Artificial Intelligence Resource, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - C Mazcko
- Comparative Oncology Program, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - E P Berger
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Comparative Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - J A Beck
- Comparative Oncology Program, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - A K LeBlanc
- Comparative Oncology Program, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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16
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London CA, Gardner H, Zhao S, Knapp DW, Utturkar SM, Duval DL, Chambers MR, Ostrander E, Trent JM, Kuffel G. Leading the pack: Best practices in comparative canine cancer genomics to inform human oncology. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:565-577. [PMID: 37778398 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Pet dogs develop spontaneous cancers at a rate estimated to be five times higher than that of humans, providing a unique opportunity to study disease biology and evaluate novel therapeutic strategies in a model system that possesses an intact immune system and mirrors key aspects of human cancer biology. Despite decades of interest, effective utilization of pet dog cancers has been hindered by a limited repertoire of necessary cellular and molecular reagents for both in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as a dearth of information regarding the genomic landscape of these cancers. Recently, many of these critical gaps have been addressed through the generation of a highly annotated canine reference genome, the creation of several tools necessary for multi-omic analysis of canine tumours, and the development of a centralized repository for key genomic and associated clinical information from canine cancer patients, the Integrated Canine Data Commons. Together, these advances have catalysed multidisciplinary efforts designed to integrate the study of pet dog cancers more effectively into the translational continuum, with the ultimate goal of improving human outcomes. The current review summarizes this recent progress and provides a guide to resources and tools available for comparative study of pet dog cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A London
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heather Gardner
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shaying Zhao
- University of Georgia Cancer Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Deborah W Knapp
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sagar M Utturkar
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Dawn L Duval
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Elaine Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Trent
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Gina Kuffel
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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17
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Carvalho PT, Niza-Ribeiro J, Amorim I, Queiroga F, Severo M, Ribeiro AI, Pinello K. Comparative epidemiological study of breast cancer in humans and canine mammary tumors: insights from Portugal. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1271097. [PMID: 38098996 PMCID: PMC10720630 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1271097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs spontaneously develop mammary gland tumors (MGT) and exhibit striking similarities in clinical and epidemiological characteristics to human breast cancer (HBC). Descriptive and comparative analysis of HBC and canine MGT with a focus on evaluating similarities and geographical distribution were the aims of this study. HBC cases were obtained from North Regional Oncological Registry (RORENO) (2010-2015) and canine MGT cases from Vet-OncoNet (2019-2022). Analyses were performed based on published and well accepted classification systems (ICD-O-3.2 for humans and Vet-ICD-O-canine-1). Age-standardized incidence risks (ASIR) of Porto district municipalities were calculated using 2021 Portuguese census (INE) and data from the Portuguese animal registration system (SIAC). Among 7,674 HBC cases and 1,140 MGT cases, a similar age and sex distribution pattern was observed. Approximately 69.2% of HBC cases were between 40 and 69 years old, while 66.9% of MGT cases were diagnosed between 7 and 12 years old (mean age of 9.6 years, SD = 2.6). In women, Invasive breast carcinoma (8500/3) was the most common histological type (n = 5,679, 74%) while in dogs it was the Complex Carcinoma (8983.1/3) (n = 205, 39%). Cocker and Yorkshire Terriers exhibited the highest relative risks (3.2 and 1.6, p < 0.05, respectively) when compared to cross breed dogs. The municipalities' ASIR of the two species exhibited a high correlation (R = 0.85, p < 0.01) and the spatial cluster analysis revealed similar geographic hotspots. Also, higher ASIR values both in women and dogs were more frequently found in urbanized areas compared to rural areas. This research sheds light on the shared features and geographical correlation between HBC and canine MGT, highlighting the potential of cross-species environmental oncology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Tiago Carvalho
- Vet-OncoNet, Population Studies Department, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Niza-Ribeiro
- Vet-OncoNet, Population Studies Department, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Epidemiology Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Felisbina Queiroga
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Animal and Veterinary Science (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for Animal Science Studies, Institute of Sciences, Technologies and Agroenvironment (CECA-ICETA), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- Epidemiology Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Ribeiro
- Epidemiology Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Katia Pinello
- Vet-OncoNet, Population Studies Department, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Epidemiology Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
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18
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Slika H, Karimov Z, Alimonti P, Abou-Mrad T, De Fazio E, Alomari S, Tyler B. Preclinical Models and Technologies in Glioblastoma Research: Evolution, Current State, and Future Avenues. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16316. [PMID: 38003507 PMCID: PMC10671665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary central nervous system tumor and one of the most debilitating cancers. The prognosis of patients with glioblastoma remains poor, and the management of this tumor, both in its primary and recurrent forms, remains suboptimal. Despite the tremendous efforts that are being put forward by the research community to discover novel efficacious therapeutic agents and modalities, no major paradigm shifts have been established in the field in the last decade. However, this does not mirror the abundance of relevant findings and discoveries made in preclinical glioblastoma research. Hence, developing and utilizing appropriate preclinical models that faithfully recapitulate the characteristics and behavior of human glioblastoma is of utmost importance. Herein, we offer a holistic picture of the evolution of preclinical models of glioblastoma. We further elaborate on the commonly used in vitro and vivo models, delving into their development, favorable characteristics, shortcomings, and areas of potential improvement, which aids researchers in designing future experiments and utilizing the most suitable models. Additionally, this review explores progress in the fields of humanized and immunotolerant mouse models, genetically engineered animal models, 3D in vitro models, and microfluidics and highlights promising avenues for the future of preclinical glioblastoma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Slika
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (H.S.); (Z.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Ziya Karimov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (H.S.); (Z.K.); (S.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Paolo Alimonti
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (P.A.); (E.D.F.)
| | - Tatiana Abou-Mrad
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon;
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Emerson De Fazio
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (P.A.); (E.D.F.)
| | - Safwan Alomari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (H.S.); (Z.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Betty Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (H.S.); (Z.K.); (S.A.)
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19
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Huang HW, Wu S, Chowdhury EA, Shah DK. Expansion of platform physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for monoclonal antibodies towards different preclinical species: cats, sheep, and dogs. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2023:10.1007/s10928-023-09893-5. [PMID: 37947924 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-023-09893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are becoming an important therapeutic option in veterinary medicine, and understanding the pharmacokinetic (PK) of mAbs in higher-order animal species is also important for human drug development. To better understand the PK of mAbs in these animals, here we have expanded a platform physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to characterize the disposition of mAbs in three different preclinical species: cats, sheep, and dogs. We obtained PK data for mAbs and physiological parameters for the three different species from the literature. We were able to describe the PK of mAbs following intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous administration in cats, IV administration in sheep, and IV administration dogs reasonably well by fixing the physiological parameters and just estimating the parameters related to the binding of mAbs to the neonatal Fc receptor. The platform PBPK model presented here provides a quantitative tool to predict the plasma PK of mAbs in dogs, cats, and sheep. The model can also predict mAb PK in different tissues where the site of action might be located. As such, the mAb PBPK model presented here can facilitate the discovery, development, and preclinical-to-clinical translation of mAbs for veterinary and human medicine. The model can also be modified in the future to account for more detailed compartments for certain organs, different pathophysiology in the animals, and target-mediated drug disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Shengjia Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Ekram A Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Dhaval K Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA.
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20
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Wei AZ, Chen LN, Orloff M, Ariyan CE, Asgari M, Barker CA, Buchbinder E, Chandra S, Couts K, Frumovitz MM, Futreal A, Gershenwald JE, Hanna EY, Izar B, LeBlanc AK, Leitao MM, Lipson EJ, Liu D, McCarter M, McQuade JL, Najjar Y, Rapisuwon S, Selig S, Shoushtari AN, Yeh I, Schwartz GK, Guo J, Patel SP, Carvajal RD. Proceedings from the Melanoma Research Foundation Mucosal Melanoma Meeting (December 16, 2022, New York, USA). Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2023; 36:542-556. [PMID: 37804122 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal melanoma remains a rare cancer with high mortality and a paucity of therapeutic options. This is due in significant part to its low incidence leading to limited patient access to expert care and downstream clinical/basic science data for research interrogation. Clinical challenges such as delayed and at times inaccurate diagnoses, and lack of consensus tumor staging have added to the suboptimal outcomes for these patients. Clinical trials, while promising, have been difficult to activate and accrue. While individual institutions and investigators have attempted to seek solutions to such problems, international, national, and local partnership may provide the keys to more efficient and innovative paths forward. Furthermore, a mucosal melanoma coalition would provide a potential network for patients and caregivers to seek expert opinion and advice. The Melanoma Research Foundation Mucosal Melanoma Meeting (December 16, 2022, New York, USA) highlighted the current clinical challenges faced by patients, providers, and scientists, identified current and future clinical trial investigations in this rare disease space, and aimed to increase national and international collaboration among the mucosal melanoma community in an effort to improve patient outcomes. The included proceedings highlight the clinical challenges of mucosal melanoma, global clinical trial experience, basic science advances in mucosal melanoma, and future directions, including the creation of shared rare tumor registries and enhanced collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Z Wei
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lanyi N Chen
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marlana Orloff
- Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sunandana Chandra
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kasey Couts
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Andrew Futreal
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ehab Y Hanna
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin Izar
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amy K LeBlanc
- National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mario M Leitao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evan J Lipson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Liu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin McCarter
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Yana Najjar
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sara Selig
- Melanoma Research Foundation, CURE OM, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Iwei Yeh
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Jun Guo
- Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Sapna P Patel
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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21
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Miguelena Chamorro B, Hameed SA, Dechelette M, Claude JB, Piney L, Chapat L, Swaminathan G, Poulet H, Longet S, De Luca K, Mundt E, Paul S. Characterization of Canine Peyer's Patches by Multidimensional Analysis: Insights from Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry, and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:788-805. [PMID: 38015460 PMCID: PMC10696420 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral route is effective and convenient for vaccine administration to stimulate a protective immune response. GALT plays a crucial role in mucosal immune responses, with Peyer's patches (PPs) serving as the primary site of induction. A comprehensive understanding of the structures and functions of these structures is crucial for enhancing vaccination strategies and comprehending disease mechanisms; nonetheless, our current knowledge of these structures in dogs remains incomplete. We performed immunofluorescence and flow cytometry studies on canine PPs to identify cell populations and structures. We also performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to investigate the immune cell subpopulations present in PPs at steady state in dogs. We generated and validated an Ab specifically targeting canine M cells, which will be a valuable tool for elucidating Ag trafficking into the GALT of dogs. Our findings will pave the way for future studies of canine mucosal immune responses to oral vaccination and enteropathies. Moreover, they add to the growing body of knowledge in canine immunology, further expanding our understanding of the complex immune system of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Miguelena Chamorro
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
- Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim, Saint-Priest, France
| | | | | | | | - Lauriane Piney
- Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim, Saint-Priest, France
| | - Ludivine Chapat
- Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim, Saint-Priest, France
| | | | - Hervé Poulet
- Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim, Saint-Priest, France
| | - Stéphanie Longet
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
| | - Karelle De Luca
- Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim, Saint-Priest, France
| | - Egbert Mundt
- Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim, Saint-Priest, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
- International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
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22
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Shinada M, Kato D, Motegi T, Tsuboi M, Ikeda N, Aoki S, Iguchi T, Li T, Kodera Y, Ota R, Hashimoto Y, Takahashi Y, Chambers J, Uchida K, Kato Y, Nishimura R, Nakagawa T. Podoplanin Drives Amoeboid Invasion in Canine and Human Mucosal Melanoma. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:1205-1219. [PMID: 37493578 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal melanoma metastasizes at an early stage of the disease in human and dog. We revealed that overexpression of podoplanin in tumor invasion fronts (IF) was related to poor prognosis of dogs with mucosal melanoma. Moreover, podoplanin expressed in canine mucosal melanoma cells promotes proliferation and aggressive amoeboid invasion by activating Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) signaling. PDPN-ROCK-MLC2 signaling plays a role in cell-cycle arrest and cellular senescence escape as a mechanism for regulating proliferation. Podoplanin induces amoeboid invasion in the IFs of mouse xenografted tumor tissues, similar to canine mucosal melanoma clinical samples. We further identified that podoplanin expression was related to poor prognosis of human patients with mucosal melanoma, and human mucosal melanoma with podoplanin-high expression enriched gene signatures related to amoeboid invasion, similar to canine mucosal melanoma. Overall, we propose that podoplanin promotes canine and human mucosal melanoma metastasis by inducing aggressive amoeboid invasion and naturally occurring canine mucosal melanoma can be a novel research model for podoplanin expressing human mucosal melanoma. IMPLICATIONS Podoplanin could be a new therapeutic target to restrict the metastatic dissemination of canine and human mucosal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shinada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Kato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Motegi
- Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Tsuboi
- Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Namiko Ikeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Aoki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Iguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Kodera
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ota
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Hashimoto
- Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Takahashi
- Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Gingrich AA, Razmara AM, Gingrich PW, Rebhun RB, Murphy WJ, Kent MS, Brown CT, Siegel JB, Canter RJ. Missing a "Missing Self" Mechanism: Modeling and Detection of Ly49 Expression in Canine NK Cells. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:760-770. [PMID: 37971282 PMCID: PMC10696421 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells are a key focus in immuno-oncology, based on their ability to eliminate malignant cells without prior sensitization. Dogs are valuable models for translational immunotherapy studies, especially for NK cells, where critical species differences exist between mice and humans. Given that the mechanism for recognition of "self" by canine NK cells is currently unknown, we sought to evaluate expression of Ly49 in canine NK cells using in silico and high-throughput techniques. We interrogated the identified polymorphism/mutation in canine Ly49 and assessed the potential impact on structure using computational modeling of three-dimensional protein structure and protein-protein docking of canine Ly49 with MHC class I (MHC-I). Bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to detect gene expression of Ly49/KLRA1 in resting and activated NK cells. Tertiary protein structure demonstrated significant structural similarity to the known murine system. Molecular docking of canine Ly49 with MHC-I was favorable, converging at a single low-energy conformation. RNA sequencing revealed expression of Ly49/KLRA1 in both resting and activated NK cells and demonstrated almost exclusive expression of the gene in the NK cluster at the single-cell level. Despite prior reports of a mutated, nonfunctional canine Ly49, our data support that the protein product is predicted to bind to MHC-I in a comparable conformation to the murine system and is expressed in canine NK cells with upregulation following activation. Taken together, these data suggest that Ly49 is capable of recognizing MHC-I and therefore regulating NK cell function in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A. Gingrich
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Aryana M. Razmara
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Phillip W. Gingrich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Robert B. Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - William J. Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Michael S. Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - C. Titus Brown
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Justin B. Siegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Robert J. Canter
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
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24
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Thomsen M, Künstner A, Wohlers I, Olbrich M, Lenfers T, Osumi T, Shimazaki Y, Nishifuji K, Ibrahim SM, Watson A, Busch H, Hirose M. A comprehensive analysis of gut and skin microbiota in canine atopic dermatitis in Shiba Inu dogs. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:232. [PMID: 37864204 PMCID: PMC10590023 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Like its human counterpart, canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a chronic relapsing condition; thus, most cAD-affected dogs will require lifelong treatment to maintain an acceptable quality of life. A potential intervention is modulation of the composition of gut microbiota, and in fact, probiotic treatment has been proposed and tried in human atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Since dogs are currently receiving intensive medical care, this will be the same option for dogs, while evidence of gut dysbiosis in cAD is still missing, although skin microbial profiling in cAD has been conducted in several studies. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of both gut and skin microbiota in cAD in one specific cAD-predisposed breed, Shiba Inu. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of commonly used medical management on cAD (Janus kinase; JAK inhibitor, oclacitinib) on the gut and skin microbiota. Furthermore, we genotyped the Shiba Inu dogs according to the mitochondrial DNA haplogroup and assessed its association with the composition of the gut microbiota. RESULTS Staphylococcus was the most predominant bacterial genus observed in the skin; Escherichia/Shigella and Clostridium sensu stricto were highly abundant in the gut of cAD-affected dogs. In the gut microbiota, Fusobacteria and Megamonas were highly abundant in healthy dogs but significantly reduced in cAD-affected dogs. The abundance of these bacterial taxa was positively correlated with the effect of the treatment and state of the disease. Oclacitinib treatment on cAD-affected dogs shifted the composition of microbiota towards that in healthy dogs, and the latter brought it much closer to healthy microbiota, particularly in the gut. Additionally, even within the same dog breed, the mtDNA haplogroup varied, and there was an association between the mtDNA haplogroup and microbial composition in the gut and skin. CONCLUSIONS Dysbiosis of both the skin and the gut was observed in cAD in Shiba Inu dogs. Our findings provide a basis for the potential treatment of cAD by manipulating the gut microbiota as well as the skin microbiota. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Thomsen
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Axel Künstner
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inken Wohlers
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Biomolecular Data Science in Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 1-40, 23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Michael Olbrich
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Tim Lenfers
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Takafumi Osumi
- Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yotaro Shimazaki
- Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Koji Nishifuji
- Division of Animal Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Saleh M Ibrahim
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- College of Medical and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Shakhbout Bin Sultan Street, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Adrian Watson
- Royal Canin SAS, 650 avenue de la Petite Camargue, 30470, Aimargues, France
| | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Misa Hirose
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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Ushio N, Hasan MN, Arif M, Miura N. Novel Y RNA-Derived Fragments Can Differentiate Canine Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Hepatocellular Adenoma. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3054. [PMID: 37835660 PMCID: PMC10571523 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) are common tumors, whereas hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are rare, benign tumors in dogs. The aberrant expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) plays a pivotal role in HCC tumorigenesis and progression. Among ncRNAs, micro RNAs have been widely researched in human HCC, but much less widely in canine HCC. However, Y RNA-derived fragments have yet to be investigated in canine HCC and HCA. This study targeted canine HCC and HCA patients. We used qRT-PCR to determine Y RNA expression in clinical tissues, plasma, and plasma extracellular vesicles, and two HCC cell lines (95-1044 and AZACH). Y RNA was significantly decreased in tissue, plasma, and plasma extracellular vesicles for canine HCC versus canine HCA and healthy controls. Y RNA was decreased in 95-1044 and AZACH cells versus normal liver tissue and in AZACH versus 95-1044 cells. In plasma samples, Y RNA levels were decreased in HCC versus HCA and Healthy controls and increased in HCA versus Healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that Y RNA could be a promising biomarker for distinguishing HCC from HCA and healthy controls. Overall, the dysregulated expression of Y RNA can distinguish canine HCC from HCA. However, further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying Y RNA-related molecular mechanisms in hepatocellular neoplastic diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the relative expression of Y RNA in canine HCC and HCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Ushio
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-0841, Japan;
| | - Md Nazmul Hasan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.N.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Arif
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.N.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Naoki Miura
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-0841, Japan;
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.N.H.); (M.A.)
- Clinical Veterinary Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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do Valle NCH, Janssen S, Stroet MCM, Pollenus S, Van den Block S, Devoogdt N, Debacker JM, Hernot S, De Rooster H. Safety assessment of fluorescently labeled anti-EGFR Nanobodies in healthy dogs. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1266288. [PMID: 37781693 PMCID: PMC10538052 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1266288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Surgical resection is one of the main treatment options for several types of cancer, the desired outcome being complete removal of the primary tumor and its local metastases. Any malignant tissue that remains after surgery may lead to relapsing disease, negatively impacting the patient's quality of life and overall survival. Fluorescence imaging in surgical oncology aims to facilitate full resection of solid tumors through the visualization of malignant tissue during surgery, following the administration of a fluorescent contrast agent. An important class of targeting molecules are Nanobodies® (Nbs), small antigen-binding fragments derived from camelid heavy chain only antibodies. When coupled with a fluorophore, Nbs can bind to a specific receptor and demarcate tumor margins through a fluorescence camera, improving the accuracy of surgical intervention. A widely investigated target for fluorescence-guided surgery is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is overexpressed in several types of tumors. Promising results with the fluorescently labeled anti-EGFR Nb 7D12-s775z in murine models motivated a project employing the compound in a pioneering study in dogs with spontaneous cancer. Methods: To determine the safety profile of the study drug, three healthy purpose-bred dogs received an intravenous injection of the tracer at 5.83, 11.66, and 19.47 mg/m2, separated by a 14-day wash-out period. Physical examination and fluorescence imaging were performed at established time points, and the animals were closely monitored between doses. Blood and urine values were analyzed pre- and 24 h post administration. Results: No adverse effects were observed, and blood and urine values stayed within the reference range. Images of the oral mucosa, acquired with a fluorescence imaging device (Fluobeam®), suggest rapid clearance, which was in accordance with previous in vivo studies. Discussion: These are the first results to indicate that 7D12-s775z is well tolerated in dogs and paves the way to conduct clinical trials in canine patients with EGFR-overexpressing spontaneous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayra Cristina Herreira do Valle
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simone Janssen
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marcus C. M. Stroet
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sofie Pollenus
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sonja Van den Block
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jens M. Debacker
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hernot
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hilde De Rooster
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Børresen B, Arendt ML, Konradsson E, Bastholm Jensen K, Bäck SÅJ, Munck af Rosenschöld P, Ceberg C, Petersson K. Evaluation of single-fraction high dose FLASH radiotherapy in a cohort of canine oral cancer patients. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1256760. [PMID: 37766866 PMCID: PMC10520273 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1256760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background FLASH radiotherapy (RT) is a novel method for delivering ionizing radiation, which has been shown in preclinical studies to have a normal tissue sparing effect and to maintain anticancer efficacy as compared to conventional RT. Treatment of head and neck tumors with conventional RT is commonly associated with severe toxicity, hence the normal tissue sparing effect of FLASH RT potentially makes it especially advantageous for treating oral tumors. In this work, the objective was to study the adverse effects of dogs with spontaneous oral tumors treated with FLASH RT. Methods Privately-owned dogs with macroscopic malignant tumors of the oral cavity were treated with a single fraction of ≥30Gy electron FLASH RT and subsequently followed for 12 months. A modified conventional linear accelerator was used to deliver the FLASH RT. Results Eleven dogs were enrolled in this prospective study. High grade adverse effects were common, especially if bone was included in the treatment field. Four out of six dogs, who had bone in their treatment field and lived at least 5 months after RT, developed osteoradionecrosis at 3-12 months post treatment. The treatment was overall effective with 8/11 complete clinical responses and 3/11 partial responses. Conclusion This study shows that single-fraction high dose FLASH RT was generally effective in this mixed group of malignant oral tumors, but the risk of osteoradionecrosis is a serious clinical concern. It is possible that the risk of osteonecrosis can be mitigated through fractionation and improved dose conformity, which needs to be addressed before moving forward with clinical trials in human cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betina Børresen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maja L. Arendt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Elise Konradsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Sven ÅJ. Bäck
- Radiation Physics, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Munck af Rosenschöld
- Radiation Physics, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Crister Ceberg
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Petersson
- Radiation Physics, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Mannheimer JD, Tawa G, Gerhold D, Braisted J, Sayers CM, McEachron TA, Meltzer P, Mazcko C, Beck JA, LeBlanc AK. Transcriptional profiling of canine osteosarcoma identifies prognostic gene expression signatures with translational value for humans. Commun Biol 2023; 6:856. [PMID: 37591946 PMCID: PMC10435536 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine osteosarcoma is increasingly recognized as an informative model for human osteosarcoma. Here we show in one of the largest clinically annotated canine osteosarcoma transcriptional datasets that two previously reported, as well as de novo gene signatures devised through single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA), have prognostic utility in both human and canine patients. Shared molecular pathway alterations are seen in immune cell signaling and activation including TH1 and TH2 signaling, interferon signaling, and inflammatory responses. Virtual cell sorting to estimate immune cell populations within canine and human tumors showed similar trends, predominantly for macrophages and CD8+ T cells. Immunohistochemical staining verified the increased presence of immune cells in tumors exhibiting immune gene enrichment. Collectively these findings further validate naturally occurring osteosarcoma of the pet dog as a translationally relevant patient model for humans and improve our understanding of the immunologic and genomic landscape of the disease in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Mannheimer
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory Tawa
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David Gerhold
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - John Braisted
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carly M Sayers
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Troy A McEachron
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christina Mazcko
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica A Beck
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy K LeBlanc
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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29
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Tarone L, Giacobino D, Camerino M, Maniscalco L, Iussich S, Parisi L, Giovannini G, Dentini A, Bolli E, Quaglino E, Merighi IF, Morello E, Buracco P, Riccardo F, Cavallo F. A chimeric human/dog-DNA vaccine against CSPG4 induces immunity with therapeutic potential in comparative preclinical models of osteosarcoma. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2342-2359. [PMID: 37312451 PMCID: PMC10421998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate of osteosarcoma (OSA) patients highlights the requirement of alternative strategies. The young age of patients, as well as the rarity and aggressiveness of the disease, limits opportunities for the robust testing of novel therapies, suggesting the need for valuable preclinical systems. Having previously shown the overexpression of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG)4 in OSA, herein the functional consequences of its downmodulation in human OSA cells were evaluated in vitro, with a significant impairment of cell proliferation, migration, and osteosphere generation. The potential of a chimeric human/dog (HuDo)-CSPG4 DNA vaccine was explored in translational comparative OSA models, including human xenograft mouse models and canine patients affected by spontaneous OSA. The adoptive transfer of HuDo-CSPG4 vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells and sera in immunodeficient human OSA-bearing mice delayed tumor growth and metastasis development. HuDo-CSPG4 vaccination resulted safe and effective in inducing anti-CSPG4 immunity in OSA-affected dogs, which displayed prolonged survival as compared to controls. Finally, HuDo-CSPG4 was also able to induce a cytotoxic response in a human surrogate setting in vitro. On the basis of these results and the high predictive value of spontaneous OSA in dogs, this study paves the way for a possible translation of this approach to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Tarone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Giacobino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Mariateresa Camerino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Lorella Maniscalco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Selina Iussich
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Lorenza Parisi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Bolli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Quaglino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Fiore Merighi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morello
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Paolo Buracco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Federica Riccardo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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MAEDA S. Second era of molecular-targeted cancer therapies in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:790-798. [PMID: 37380433 PMCID: PMC10466056 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of molecular biology and bioinformatics using next-generation sequencing has dramatically advanced the identification of molecules involved in various diseases and the elucidation of their pathogenesis. Consequently, many molecular-targeted therapies have been developed in the medical field. In veterinary medicine, the world's first molecular-targeted drug for animals, masitinib, was approved in 2008, followed by the multikinase inhibitor toceranib in 2009. Toceranib was originally approved for mast cell tumors in dogs but has also been shown to be effective in other tumors because of its ability to inhibit molecules involved in angiogenesis. Thus, toceranib has achieved great success as a molecular-targeted cancer therapy for dogs. Although there has been no progress in the development and commercialization of new molecular-targeted drugs for the treatment of cancer since the success of toceranib, several clinical trials have recently reported the administration of novel agents in the research stage to dogs with tumors. This review provides an overview of molecular-targeted drugs for canine tumors, particularly transitional cell carcinomas, and presents some of our recent data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo MAEDA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate
School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Nam AR, Heo M, Lee KH, Kim JY, Won SH, Cho JY. The landscape of PBMC methylome in canine mammary tumors reveals the epigenetic regulation of immune marker genes and its potential application in predicting tumor malignancy. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:403. [PMID: 37460953 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide dysregulation of CpG methylation accompanies tumor progression and characteristic states of cancer cells, prompting a rationale for biomarker development. Understanding how the archetypic epigenetic modification determines systemic contributions of immune cell types is the key to further clinical benefits. RESULTS In this study, we characterized the differential DNA methylome landscapes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 76 canines using methylated CpG-binding domain sequencing (MBD-seq). Through gene set enrichment analysis, we discovered that genes involved in the growth and differentiation of T- and B-cells are highly methylated in tumor PBMCs. We also revealed the increased methylation at single CpG resolution and reversed expression in representative marker genes regulating immune cell proliferation (BACH2, SH2D1A, TXK, UHRF1). Furthermore, we utilized the PBMC methylome to effectively differentiate between benign and malignant tumors and the presence of mammary gland tumors through a machine-learning approach. CONCLUSIONS This research contributes to a better knowledge of the comprehensive epigenetic regulation of circulating immune cells responding to tumors and suggests a new framework for identifying benign and malignant cancers using genome-wide methylome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Reum Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Heo
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Won
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Vanhaezebrouck IF, Scarpelli ML. Companion Animals as a Key to Success for Translating Radiation Therapy Research into the Clinic. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3377. [PMID: 37444487 PMCID: PMC10341092 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many successful preclinical findings fail to be replicated during translation to human studies. This leads to significant resources being spent on large clinical trials, and in some cases, promising therapeutics not being pursued due to the high costs of clinical translation. These translational failures emphasize the need for improved preclinical models of human cancer so that there is a higher probability of successful clinical translation. Companion-animal cancers offer a potential solution. These cancers are more similar to human cancer than other preclinical models, with a natural evolution over time, genetic alterations, intact immune system, and a permanent adaptation to the microenvironment. These advantages have led pioneers in veterinary radiation oncology to aid human medicine by elucidating basic principles of radiation biology. More recently, the veterinary and human radiation oncology fields have increasingly collaborated to achieve advancements in education, radiotherapy techniques, and trial networks. This review describes these advancements, including significant prior research findings and the evolution of the veterinary radiation oncology discipline. It concludes by describing how companion-animal models can help shape the future of human radiotherapy. Taken as a whole, this review suggests companion-animal cancers may become widely used for preclinical radiotherapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew L. Scarpelli
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
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Zapata I, Eyre AW, Alvarez CE. Psychological Stress Is Associated with Increased Cancer Risk in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1869. [PMID: 37889770 PMCID: PMC10251977 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is evidence that psychological stress may be associated with increased cancer risk, the effect of stress on cancer risk is difficult to study, both in humans, due to socioeconomic factors, and in animal models, due to questionable biological relevance. Here, we test whether heritable canine temperament that increases psychological stress is associated with cancer risk. The study data are breed-specific averages of incidences of multiple cancer types and of temperament classes. The latter are derived from a latent class analysis of behavioral questionnaires completed by owners (C-BARQ). We thus classified the dogs according to whether they are calm vs. reactive within and across breeds. Using meta-analysis approaches, we modeled the risk of multiple cancer types in calm vs. reactive dogs. We adjusted for breed averages of body mass and lifespan, which are common confounders that impact cancer. Our study confirms that body size has a significant effect of on risk of multiple types of cancers in dogs and shows for the first time that temperament also has a moderate effect. These findings suggest dog models of heritable psychological stress are suitable for molecular epidemiological and translational studies on its effects on cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isain Zapata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Englewood, CO 80112, USA
| | | | - Carlos E Alvarez
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Stinson JA, Sheen A, Momin N, Hampel J, Bernstein R, Kamerer R, Fadl-Alla B, Samuelson J, Fink E, Fan TM, Wittrup KD. Collagen-Anchored Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-12 Safely Reprogram the Tumor Microenvironment in Canine Soft-Tissue Sarcomas. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2110-2122. [PMID: 37014656 PMCID: PMC10239368 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cytokine therapies such as IL2 and IL12 suffer from impractically small therapeutic windows driven by their on-target, off-tumor activity, limiting their clinical potential despite potent antitumor effects. We previously engineered cytokines that bind and anchor to tumor collagen following intratumoral injection, and sought to test their safety and biomarker activity in spontaneous canine soft-tissue sarcomas (STS). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Collagen-binding cytokines were canine-ized to minimize immunogenicity and were used in a rapid dose-escalation study in healthy beagles to identify a maximum tolerated dose. Ten client-owned pet dogs with STS were then enrolled into trial, receiving cytokines at different intervals prior to surgical tumor excision. Tumor tissue was analyzed through IHC and NanoString RNA profiling for dynamic changes within treated tumors. Archived, untreated STS samples were analyzed in parallel as controls. RESULTS Intratumorally administered collagen-binding IL2 and IL12 were well tolerated by STS-bearing dogs, with only Grade 1/2 adverse events observed (mild fever, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia). IHC revealed enhanced T-cell infiltrates, corroborated by an enhancement in gene expression associated with cytotoxic immune function. We found concordant increases in expression of counter-regulatory genes that we hypothesize would contribute to a transient antitumor effect, and confirmed in mouse models that combination therapy to inhibit this counter-regulation can improve responses to cytokine therapy. CONCLUSIONS These results support the safety and activity of intratumorally delivered, collagen-anchoring cytokines for inflammatory polarization of the canine STS tumor microenvironment. We are further evaluating the efficacy of this approach in additional canine cancers, including oral malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Stinson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Allison Sheen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Noor Momin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jordan Hampel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca Bernstein
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca Kamerer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bahaa Fadl-Alla
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan Samuelson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fink
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Timothy M. Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - K. Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Oh W, Kim AMJ, Dhawan D, Kirkham PM, Ostafe R, Franco J, Aryal UK, Carnahan RH, Patsekin V, Robinson JP, Knapp DW, Lim SO. Development of an Anti-canine PD-L1 Antibody and Caninized PD-L1 Mouse Model as Translational Research Tools for the Study of Immunotherapy in Humans. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:860-873. [PMID: 37377896 PMCID: PMC10184575 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy, one of the most promising cancer immunotherapies, has shown remarkable clinical impact in multiple cancer types. Despite the recent success of immune checkpoint blockade therapy, however, the response rates in patients with cancer are limited (∼20%-40%). To improve the success of immune checkpoint blockade therapy, relevant preclinical animal models are essential for the development and testing of multiple combination approaches and strategies. Companion dogs naturally develop several types of cancer that in many respects resemble clinical cancer in human patients. Therefore, the canine studies of immuno-oncology drugs can generate knowledge that informs and prioritizes new immuno-oncology therapy in humans. The challenge has been, however, that immunotherapeutic antibodies targeting canine immune checkpoint molecules such as canine PD-L1 (cPD-L1) have not been commercially available. Here, we developed a new cPD-L1 antibody as an immuno-oncology drug and characterized its functional and biological properties in multiple assays. We also evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of cPD-L1 antibodies in our unique caninized PD-L1 mice. Together, these in vitro and in vivo data, which include an initial safety profile in laboratory dogs, support development of this cPD-L1 antibody as an immune checkpoint inhibitor for studies in dogs with naturally occurring cancer for translational research. Our new therapeutic antibody and caninized PD-L1 mouse model will be essential translational research tools in raising the success rate of immunotherapy in both dogs and humans. Significance Our cPD-L1 antibody and unique caninized mouse model will be critical research tools to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in both dogs and humans. Furthermore, these tools will open new perspectives for immunotherapy applications in cancer as well as other autoimmune diseases that could benefit a diverse and broader patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonkyung Oh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Alyssa Min Jung Kim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Perry M. Kirkham
- Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Raluca Ostafe
- Molecular Evolution, Protein Engineering and Production, Purdue Institute for Inflammation Immunology and Infection Diseases, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jackeline Franco
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Uma K. Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Robert H. Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Valery Patsekin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - J. Paul Robinson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Deborah W. Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Seung-Oe Lim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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AbdulJabbar K, Castillo SP, Hughes K, Davidson H, Boddy AM, Abegglen LM, Minoli L, Iussich S, Murchison EP, Graham TA, Spiro S, Maley CC, Aresu L, Palmieri C, Yuan Y. Bridging clinic and wildlife care with AI-powered pan-species computational pathology. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2408. [PMID: 37100774 PMCID: PMC10133243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers occur across species. Understanding what is consistent and varies across species can provide new insights into cancer initiation and evolution, with significant implications for animal welfare and wildlife conservation. We build a pan-species cancer digital pathology atlas (panspecies.ai) and conduct a pan-species study of computational comparative pathology using a supervised convolutional neural network algorithm trained on human samples. The artificial intelligence algorithm achieves high accuracy in measuring immune response through single-cell classification for two transmissible cancers (canine transmissible venereal tumour, 0.94; Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease, 0.88). In 18 other vertebrate species (mammalia = 11, reptilia = 4, aves = 2, and amphibia = 1), accuracy (range 0.57-0.94) is influenced by cell morphological similarity preserved across different taxonomic groups, tumour sites, and variations in the immune compartment. Furthermore, a spatial immune score based on artificial intelligence and spatial statistics is associated with prognosis in canine melanoma and prostate tumours. A metric, named morphospace overlap, is developed to guide veterinary pathologists towards rational deployment of this technology on new samples. This study provides the foundation and guidelines for transferring artificial intelligence technologies to veterinary pathology based on understanding of morphological conservation, which could vastly accelerate developments in veterinary medicine and comparative oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid AbdulJabbar
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Simon P Castillo
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannah Davidson
- Zoological Society of London, London, UK
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Sq, London, UK
| | - Amy M Boddy
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M Abegglen
- Department of Pediatrics and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- PEEL Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Selina Iussich
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Elizabeth P Murchison
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trevor A Graham
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Sq, London, UK
| | | | - Carlo C Maley
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Chiara Palmieri
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, 4343, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Qiao L, Qin S, Weng N, Li B, Luo M, Zhang Z, Zhou L, Wang D, Huang C. Discovery of canine drug toceranib phosphate as a repurposed agent against human hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2023; 43:928-944. [PMID: 36776105 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor clinical outcomes. There are limited therapeutic options for those diagnosed with terminal HCC and therefore incorporating novel agents into standard-of-care regimens is urgently needed. In contrast to de novo drug discovery, the strategy of repurposing compounds initially designed to treat animals might yield substantial advantages in terms of efficacy and safety. Given the evidence for the clinical efficacy of toceranib phosphate (TOC) against canine carcinomas, we aimed to investigate its therapeutic effect on human HCC. METHODS The antitumor effects of TOC were evaluated using human HCC cell lines and cell-line-derived xenograft models. Changes in autophagic response upon TOC exposure were quantified through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analysis. The role of TOC-triggered autophagy was addressed via pharmacological and genetic inhibition. RESULTS We demonstrated TOC exhibited potent antitumor activity against human HCC cells by stimulating apoptosis in vitro and in vivo by a concomitant increase in autophagic flux. Blocking the TOC-triggered autophagy inhibited cellular proliferation and decreased tumour burden, indicating a protective role of autophagy against TOC-mediated HCC cell death. This role played by TOC-induced autophagy was further linked to the inactivation of the Akt/mTOR pathway that could be attributed to the upregulation of Cyr61. Moreover, treatment with sorafenib plus TOC resulted in pronounced synergistic effects on HCC cells. CONCLUSION Our results elucidate a newly identified therapeutic potential of TOC in treating HCC, sparking a growing interest in repurposing such canine drugs for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ningna Weng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Maochao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Zhou C, Lin Z, Li X, Zhang D, Song P. Establishment and characterization of a multi-drug resistant cell line for canine mammary tumors. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1129756. [PMID: 37077947 PMCID: PMC10108679 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1129756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purposeCanine mammary tumors are the most common tumor disease of female dogs, and adjuvant chemotherapy often results in multi-drug resistance. Currently, the mechanisms underlying the development of tumor multi-drug resistance are unclear. The translation of research applications that can be used to effectively overcome tumor resistance is similarly hampered. Therefore, it is urgent to construct multi-drug resistance models of canine mammary tumors that can be used for research, to explore the mechanisms and means of overcoming resistance.Materials and methodsIn this study, the canine triple negative breast cancer cell line CMT-7364 was induced to develop multidrug resistance using doxorubicin by high-dose drug pulse method. The drug resistance and the expression of drug transport pumps of the cells was verified by CCK8 assay, immunoblotting, qPCR and immunofluorescence. Next, we used scratch assay and Transwell invasion assay to compare the migration and invasion abilities of the two cell lines and examined the expression of EMT-related proteins in both using immunoblotting. The differences of transcriptome between parental and drug-resistant cell lines were detected by RNA-seq sequencing. Finally, mouse xenograft models of drug-resistant and parental cell lines were constructed to evaluate the tumorigenic ability.ResultsAfter more than 50 generations of continuous passages stimulated by high-dose drug pulse method, the morphology of drug-resistant cell line CMT-7364/R tended to be mesenchymal-like and heterogeneous under light microscopy compared with the parental cell line CMT-7364/S, and developed resistance to doxorubicin and other commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs. In CMT-7364/R, BCRP was expressed at higher levels at both transcriptional and protein levels, while P-glycoprotein was not significantly different. Secondly, the migration and invasion ability of CMT-7364/R was significantly enhanced, with decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of vimentin and mucin 1-N terminus. Finally, mouse xenograft models were constructed, while there was no significant difference in the volume of masses formed at 21 days.ConclusionIn summary, by using the canine mammary tumor cell line CMT-7364/S as the parental cell line, we successfully constructed a multidrug-resistant CMT-7364/R with high-dose drug pulse methods. Compared to its parental cell line, CMT-7364/R has decreased growth rate, overexpression of BCRP and increased migration and invasion ability due to EMT. The results of this study showed that CMT-7364/R might serve as a model for future studies on tumor drug resistance.
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Klosowski M, Haines L, Alfino L, McMellen A, Leibowitz M, Regan D. Naturally occurring canine sarcomas: Bridging the gap from mouse models to human patients through cross-disciplinary research partnerships. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1130215. [PMID: 37035209 PMCID: PMC10076632 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1130215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fueled by support from the National Cancer Institute's "Cancer Moonshot" program, the past few years have witnessed a renewed interest in the canine spontaneous cancer model as an invaluable resource in translational oncology research. Increasingly, there is awareness that pet dogs with cancer provide an accessible bridge to improving the efficiency of cancer drug discovery and clinical therapeutic development. Canine tumors share many biological, genetic, and histologic features with their human tumor counterparts, and most importantly, retain the complexities of naturally occurring drug resistance, metastasis, and tumor-host immune interactions, all of which are difficult to recapitulate in induced or genetically engineered murine tumor models. The utility of canine models has been particularly apparent in sarcoma research, where the increased incidence of sarcomas in dogs as compared to people has facilitated comparative research resulting in treatment advances benefitting both species. Although there is an increasing awareness of the advantages in using spontaneous canine sarcoma models for research, these models remain underutilized, in part due to a lack of more permanent institutional and cross-institutional infrastructure to support partnerships between veterinary and human clinician-scientists. In this review, we provide an updated overview of historical and current applications of spontaneously occurring canine tumor models in sarcoma research, with particular attention to knowledge gaps, limitations, and growth opportunities within these applications. Furthermore, we propose considerations for working within existing veterinary translational and comparative oncology research infrastructures to maximize the benefit of partnerships between veterinary and human biomedical researchers within and across institutions to improve the utility and application of spontaneous canine sarcomas in translational oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Klosowski
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Laurel Haines
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lauren Alfino
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Alexandra McMellen
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael Leibowitz
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Daniel Regan
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Ruger L, Yang E, Gannon J, Sheppard H, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Ziemlewicz TJ, Dervisis N, Allen IC, Daniel GB, Tuohy J, Vlaisavljevich E, Klahn S. Mechanical High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (Histotripsy) in Dogs With Spontaneously Occurring Soft Tissue Sarcomas. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2023; 70:768-779. [PMID: 36006886 PMCID: PMC9969335 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3201709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Histotripsy is a non-invasive focused ultrasound therapy that uses controlled acoustic cavitation to mechanically disintegrate tissue. To date, there are no reports investigating histotripsy for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the in vivo feasibility of ablating STS with histotripsy and to characterize the impact of partial histotripsy ablation on the acute immunologic response in canine patients with spontaneous STS. METHODS A custom 500 kHz histotripsy system was used to treat ten dogs with naturally occurring STS. Four to six days after histotripsy, tumors were surgically resected. Safety was determined by monitoring vital signs during treatment and post-treatment physical examinations, routine lab work, and owners' reports. Ablation was characterized using radiologic and histopathologic analyses. Systemic immunological impact was evaluated by measuring changes in cytokine concentrations, and tumor microenvironment changes were evaluated by characterizing changes in infiltration with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) using multiplex immunohistochemistry and differential gene expression. RESULTS Results showed histotripsy ablation was achievable and well-tolerated in all ten dogs. Immunological results showed histotripsy induced pro-inflammatory changes in the tumor microenvironment. Conclusion & Significance: Overall, this study demonstrates histotripsy's potential as a precise, non-invasive treatment for STS.
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Kwon JY, Moskwa N, Kang W, Fan TM, Lee C. Canine as a Comparative and Translational Model for Human Mammary Tumor. J Breast Cancer 2023; 26:1-13. [PMID: 36762784 PMCID: PMC9981990 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2023.26.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances in research and treatment of human breast cancer, its incidence rate continues to increase by 0.5% per year, and the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies for specific subtypes of human breast cancer remains challenging. Traditional laboratory mouse models have contributed tremendously to human breast cancer research. However, mice do not develop tumors spontaneously; consequently, genetically engineered mouse models or patient-derived xenograft models are often relied upon for more sophisticated human breast cancer studies. Since human breast cancer develops spontaneously, there is a need for alternative, yet complementary, models that can better recapitulate the features of human breast cancer to better understand the molecular and clinical complexities of the disease in developing new therapeutic strategies. Canine mammary tumors are one such alternative model that share features with human breast cancer, including prevalence rate, subtype classification, treatment, and mutational profiles, all of which are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Young Kwon
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | - Nicholas Moskwa
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | | | - Timothy M. Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA
| | - Charles Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, USA.
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Cataracts Across the Tree of Life: A Roadmap for Prevention and Biomedical Innovation. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 249:167-173. [PMID: 36716847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spontaneous cataracts have been identified in the lenses of animals across a phylogenetically wide range of species. This can be a source of insights and innovation for human health professionals, but many persons may lack awareness of it. By providing a phylogenetic survey and analysis of species with cataract vulnerability, this paper demonstrates how a broad comparative perspective can provide critical information about environmental hazards to human visual health and can spark potential innovations in the prevention and treatment of cataracts in humans. DESIGN Perspectives. METHODS Review and synthesis of selected literature with interpretation and perspective. RESULTS We found 273 recorded cases of spontaneously occurring cataracts in 113 species of birds, 83 species of mammals, 30 species of actinopterygii fish, 10 species of amphibians, 6 species of reptiles, and 1 species of cephalopod. CONCLUSION A phylogenetically wide range of species, including many living in and around human environments, are vulnerable to cataracts. These animals may serve as sentinels for human visual health. Variation in cataract vulnerability across species may also facilitate the identification of resistance-conferring physiologies, leading to accelerated innovation in the prevention and treatment of cataracts in humans.
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Arendt ML, Sakthikumar S, Melin M, Elvers I, Rivera P, Larsen M, Saellström S, Lingaas F, Rönnberg H, Lindblad-Toh K. PIK3CA is recurrently mutated in canine mammary tumors, similarly to in human mammary neoplasia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:632. [PMID: 36635367 PMCID: PMC9837039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological features of neoplastic disease affecting mammary gland tissue are shared between canines and humans. Research performed in either species has translational value and early phase clinical trials performed in canines with spontaneous disease could be informative for human trials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the somatic genetic aberrations occurring in canine mammary neoplasia by exome capture and next generation sequencing. Based on 55 tumor-normal pairs we identified the PIK3CA gene as the most commonly mutated gene in canine mammary tumors, with 25% of samples carrying mutations in this gene. A recurrent missense mutation was identified, p.H1047R, which is homologous to the human PIK3CA hotspot mutation found in different types of breast neoplasia. Mutations homologous to other known human mutation hotspots such as the PIK3CA p.E545K and the KRAS p.G12V/D were also identified. We identified copy number aberrations affecting important tumor suppressor and oncogenic pathways including deletions affecting the PTEN tumor suppressor gene. We suggest that activation of the KRAS or PIK3CA oncogenes or loss of the PTEN suppressor gene may be important for mammary tumor development in dogs. This data endorses the conservation of cancer across species and the validity of studying cancer in non-human species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Louise Arendt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | - Malin Melin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Clinical Genomics Uppsala, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Sara Saellström
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frode Lingaas
- Veterinary Faculty, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Henrik Rönnberg
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Patkar S, Beck J, Harmon S, Mazcko C, Turkbey B, Choyke P, Brown GT, LeBlanc A. Deep Domain Adversarial Learning for Species-Agnostic Classification of Histologic Subtypes of Osteosarcoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:60-72. [PMID: 36309101 PMCID: PMC9798510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcomas (OSs) are aggressive bone tumors with many divergent histologic patterns. During pathology review, OSs are subtyped based on the predominant histologic pattern; however, tumors often demonstrate multiple patterns. This high tumor heterogeneity coupled with scarcity of samples compared with other tumor types render histology-based prognosis of OSs challenging. To combat lower case numbers in humans, dogs with spontaneous OSs have been suggested as a model species. Herein, a convolutional neural network was adversarially trained to classify distinct histologic patterns of OS in humans using mostly canine OS data during training. Adversarial training improved domain adaption of a histologic subtype classifier from canines to humans, achieving an average multiclass F1 score of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.74-0.79) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.78-0.81) when compared with the ground truth in canines and humans, respectively. Finally, this trained model, when used to characterize the histologic landscape of 306 canine OSs, uncovered distinct clusters with markedly different clinical responses to standard-of-care therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Patkar
- Artificial Intelligence Resource, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Jessica Beck
- Comparative Oncology Program, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephanie Harmon
- Artificial Intelligence Resource, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christina Mazcko
- Comparative Oncology Program, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Artificial Intelligence Resource, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter Choyke
- Artificial Intelligence Resource, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - G. Thomas Brown
- Artificial Intelligence Resource, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amy LeBlanc
- Comparative Oncology Program, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Ruger L, Yang E, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Vickers E, Gannon J, Nightengale M, Hsueh A, Ciepluch B, Dervisis N, Vlaisavljevich E, Klahn S. Histotripsy ablation for the treatment of feline injection site sarcomas: a first-in-cat in vivo feasibility study. Int J Hyperthermia 2023; 40:2210272. [PMID: 37196996 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2023.2210272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Feline soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and injection site sarcoma (fISS) are rapidly growing tumors with low metastatic potential, but locally aggressive behavior. Histotripsy is a non-invasive focused ultrasound therapy using controlled acoustic cavitation to mechanically disintegrate tissue. In this study, we investigated the in vivo safety and feasibility of histotripsy to treat fISS using a custom 1 MHz transducer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three cats with naturally-occurring STS were treated with histotripsy before surgical removal of the tumor 3 to 6 days later. Gross and histological analyses were used to characterize the ablation efficacy of the treatment, and routine immunohistochemistry and batched cytokine analysis were used to investigate the acute immunological effects of histotripsy. RESULTS Results showed that histotripsy ablation was achievable and well-tolerated in all three cats. Precise cavitation bubble clouds were generated in all patients, and hematoxylin & eosin stained tissues revealed ablative damage in targeted regions. Immunohistochemical results identified an increase in IBA-1 positive cells in treated tissues, and no significant changes in cytokine concentrations were identified post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the safety and feasibility of histotripsy to target and ablate superficial feline STS and fISS tumors and guide the clinical development of histotripsy devices for this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Ruger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, VA Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ester Yang
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott
- Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Elliana Vickers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, VA Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Jessica Gannon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, VA Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Marlie Nightengale
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Andy Hsueh
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Brittany Ciepluch
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Nikolaos Dervisis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Eli Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, VA Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shawna Klahn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
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Cloquell A, Mateo I, Gambera S, Pumarola M, Alemany R, García-Castro J, Perisé-Barrios AJ. Systemic cellular viroimmunotherapy for canine high-grade gliomas. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005669. [PMID: 36600663 PMCID: PMC9772696 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncolytic viruses constitute a growing field of interest, both in human and veterinary oncology, given that they are particularly helpful for treating non-surgical tumors and disseminated cancer, such as high-grade gliomas. Companion dogs present malignant gliomas with biological, genetic, phenotypic, immunological, and clinical similarities to human gliomas. These features favor comparative approaches, leading to the treatment of canine oncological patients to achieve translational applications to the human clinic. The systemic administration of oncolytic viruses presents a challenge due to their limitations in effectively targeting tumors and metastases. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and antitumor activity of a virotherapy used in spontaneous canine tumors. METHODS Ten dogs with high-grade rostrotentorial gliomas underwent weekly systemic endovenous cellular virotherapy with dCelyvir (canine mesenchymal stem cells infected with the canine oncolytic adenovirus ICOCAV17) for 8 weeks. Efficacy was determined in seven dogs according to the Response Assessment in Veterinary Neuro-Oncology criteria considering clinical status and MRI measurements. Medical history, physical and neurological examinations, and vaccination status were evaluated prior to and during follow-up. Safety was evaluated by physical examinations and hematological and biochemical changes in peripheral blood. Immune populations were analyzed by flow cytometry in peripheral blood and by gene expression and immunohistochemistry in the tumor microenvironment. RESULTS The treatment was well tolerated and major adverse effects were not observed. Two dogs had partial responses (76% and 86% reduction in tumor size), and 3/7 showed stable disease. ICOCAV17 was detected in peripheral blood in nine dogs, and a correlation between the ICOCAV17 particles and anti-canine adenovirus (CAV) antibodies was observed. ICOCAV17 was detected in 3/9 tumor tissues after necropsies. Regarding tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, the dogs with disease stabilization and partial response tended to have reduced memory B-cell infiltration and increased monocyte/macrophage lineage cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that dCelyvir is safe and presents efficacy in canine rostrotentorial high-grade gliomas. These data are relevant to the ongoing phase Ib regulated human clinical trial that is administering this virotherapy to children, adolescents, and young adults with diffuse pontine glioma. Celyvir should be further explored as a treatment in veterinary and human neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cloquell
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
| | - Isidro Mateo
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain,Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Veterinario VETSIA, Leganés, Spain
| | - Stefano Gambera
- Unidad de Biotecnología Celular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Martí Pumarola
- Unitat de Patologia Murina i Comparada (UPMiC), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinaria, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- IDIBELL, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Judith Perisé-Barrios
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica (UIB-UAX), Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
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Tarone L, Mareschi K, Tirtei E, Giacobino D, Camerino M, Buracco P, Morello E, Cavallo F, Riccardo F. Improving Osteosarcoma Treatment: Comparative Oncology in Action. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122099. [PMID: 36556464 PMCID: PMC9783386 DOI: 10.3390/life12122099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common pediatric malignant bone tumor. Although surgery together with neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy has improved survival for localized OSA, most patients develop recurrent/metastatic disease with a dismally poor outcome. Therapeutic options have not improved for these OSA patients in recent decades. As OSA is a rare and "orphan" tumor, with no distinct targetable driver antigens, the development of new efficient therapies is still an unmet and challenging clinical need. Appropriate animal models are therefore critical for advancement in the field. Despite the undoubted relevance of pre-clinical mouse models in cancer research, they present some intrinsic limitations that may be responsible for the low translational success of novel therapies from the pre-clinical setting to the clinic. From this context emerges the concept of comparative oncology, which has spurred the study of pet dogs as a uniquely valuable model of spontaneous OSA that develops in an immune-competent system with high biological and clinical similarities to corresponding human tumors, including in its metastatic behavior and resistance to conventional therapies. For these reasons, the translational power of studies conducted on OSA-bearing dogs has seen increasing recognition. The most recent and relevant veterinary investigations of novel combinatorial approaches, with a focus on immune-based strategies, that can most likely benefit both canine and human OSA patients have been summarized in this commentary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Tarone
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Katia Mareschi
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco-Haematology Department, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Tirtei
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco-Haematology Department, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, City of Health and Science of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Giacobino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Torino, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Camerino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Buracco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morello
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Federica Riccardo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (F.R.)
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Gardner HL, Fenger JM, Roberts RD, London CA. Characterizing the metabolic role of STAT3 in canine osteosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2022; 20:817-824. [PMID: 35608271 PMCID: PMC9669091 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) dysregulation has been characterized in canine OS, with previous data suggesting that constitutive STAT3 activation contributes to survival and proliferation in OS cell lines in vitro. Recently, the contribution of STAT3 to tumour metabolism has been described across several tumour histologies, and understanding the metabolic implications of STAT3 loss may elucidate novel therapeutic approaches with synergistic activity. The objective of this work was to characterize metabolic benchmarks associated with STAT3 loss in canine OS. STAT3 expression and activation was evaluated using western blotting in canine OS cell lines OSCA8 and Abrams. STAT3 was deleted from these OS cell lines using CRISPR-Cas9, and the effects on proliferation, invasion and metabolism (respirometry, intracellular lactate) were determined. Loss of STAT3 was associated with decreased basal and compensatory glycolysis in canine OS cell lines, without modulation of cellular proliferation. Loss of STAT3 also resulted in diminished invasive capacity in vitro. Interestingly, the absence of STAT3 did not impact sensitivity to doxorubicin in vitro. Our data demonstrate that loss of STAT3 modulates features of aerobic glycolysis in canine OS impacting capacities for cellular invasions, suggesting a role for this transcription factor in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. Gardner
- Cummings School of Veterinary MedicineTufts UniversityNorth GraftonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Joelle M. Fenger
- College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA,Present address:
Ethos Veterinary Health and Ethos Discovery (501c3)WoburnMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ryan D. Roberts
- Research Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Cheryl A. London
- Cummings School of Veterinary MedicineTufts UniversityNorth GraftonMassachusettsUSA
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Dhawan D, Ramos-Vara JA, Utturkar SM, Ruple A, Tersey SA, Nelson JB, Cooper B, Heng HG, Ostrander EA, Parker HG, Hahn NM, Adams LG, Fulkerson CM, Childress MO, Bonney P, Royce C, Fourez LM, Enstrom AW, Ambrosius LA, Knapp DW. Identification of a naturally-occurring canine model for early detection and intervention research in high grade urothelial carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1011969. [PMID: 36439482 PMCID: PMC9692095 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1011969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection and intervention research is expected to improve the outcomes for patients with high grade muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma (InvUC). With limited patients in suitable high-risk study cohorts, relevant animal model research is critical. Experimental animal models often fail to adequately represent human cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of dogs with high breed-associated risk for naturally-occurring InvUC to serve as relevant models for early detection and intervention research. The feasibility of screening and early intervention, and similarities and differences between canine and human tumors, and early and later canine tumors were determined. METHODS STs (n=120) ≥ 6 years old with no outward evidence of urinary disease were screened at 6-month intervals for 3 years with physical exam, ultrasonography, and urinalysis with sediment exam. Cystoscopic biopsy was performed in dogs with positive screening tests. The pathological, clinical, and molecular characteristics of the "early" cancer detected by screening were determined. Transcriptomic signatures were compared between the early tumors and published findings in human InvUC, and to more advanced "later" canine tumors from STs who had the typical presentation of hematuria and urinary dysfunction. An early intervention trial of an oral cyclooxygenase inhibitor, deracoxib, was conducted in dogs with cancer detected through screening. RESULTS Biopsy-confirmed bladder cancer was detected in 32 (27%) of 120 STs including InvUC (n=29, three starting as dysplasia), grade 1 noninvasive cancer (n=2), and carcinoma in situ (n=1). Transcriptomic signatures including druggable targets such as EGFR and the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, were very similar between canine and human InvUC, especially within luminal and basal molecular subtypes. Marked transcriptomic differences were noted between early and later canine tumors, particularly within luminal subtype tumors. The deracoxib remission rate (42% CR+PR) compared very favorably to that with single-agent cyclooxygenase inhibitors in more advanced canine InvUC (17-25%), supporting the value of early intervention. CONCLUSIONS The study defined a novel naturally-occurring animal model to complement experimental models for early detection and intervention research in InvUC. Research incorporating the canine model is expected to lead to improved outcomes for humans, as well as pet dogs, facing bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - José A. Ramos-Vara
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sagar M. Utturkar
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Audrey Ruple
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sarah A. Tersey
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer B. Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bruce R. Cooper
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Hock Gan Heng
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Heidi G. Parker
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Noah M. Hahn
- Department of Oncology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Larry G. Adams
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Christopher M. Fulkerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Michael O. Childress
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Patty L. Bonney
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Christine Royce
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Lindsey M. Fourez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Alexander W. Enstrom
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Lisbeth A. Ambrosius
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Deborah W. Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Comparative Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Companion Animals: Immuno-Oncology as a Relevant Translational Model for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205008. [PMID: 36291791 PMCID: PMC9599753 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Laboratory experiments studying solid tumors are limited by the inability to adequately model the tumor microenvironment and important immune interactions. Immune cells that infiltrate the tumor bed or periphery have been documented as reliable biomarkers in human studies. Veterinary oncology provides a naturally occurring cancer model that could complement biomarker discovery, clinical trials, and drug development. Abstract Despite the important role of preclinical experiments to characterize tumor biology and molecular pathways, there are ongoing challenges to model the tumor microenvironment, specifically the dynamic interactions between tumor cells and immune infiltrates. Comprehensive models of host-tumor immune interactions will enhance the development of emerging treatment strategies, such as immunotherapies. Although in vitro and murine models are important for the early modelling of cancer and treatment-response mechanisms, comparative research studies involving veterinary oncology may bridge the translational pathway to human studies. The natural progression of several malignancies in animals exhibits similar pathogenesis to human cancers, and previous studies have shown a relevant and evaluable immune system. Veterinary oncologists working alongside oncologists and cancer researchers have the potential to advance discovery. Understanding the host-tumor-immune interactions can accelerate drug and biomarker discovery in a clinically relevant setting. This review presents discoveries in comparative immuno-oncology and implications to cancer therapy.
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