1
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Liu C, Roters F, Raabe D. Role of grain-level chemo-mechanics in composite cathode degradation of solid-state lithium batteries. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7970. [PMID: 39266556 PMCID: PMC11393410 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Solid-state Li-ion batteries, based on Ni-rich oxide cathodes and Li-metal anodes, can theoretically reach a high specific energy of 393 Wh kg-1 and hold promise for electrochemical storage. However, Li intercalation-induced dimensional changes can lead to crystal defect formation in these cathodes, and contact mechanics problems between cathode and solid electrolyte. Understanding the interplay between cathode microstructure, operating conditions, micromechanics of battery materials, and capacity decay remains a challenge. Here, we present a microstructure-sensitive chemo-mechanical model to study the impact of grain-level chemo-mechanics on the degradation of composite cathodes. We reveal that crystalline anisotropy, state-of-charge-dependent Li diffusion rates, and lattice dimension changes drive dislocation formation in cathodes and contact loss at the cathode/electrolyte interface. These dislocations induce large lattice strain and trigger oxygen loss and structural degradation preferentially near the surface area of cathode particles. Moreover, contact loss is caused by the micromechanics resulting from the crystalline anisotropy of cathodes and the mechanical properties of solid electrolytes, not just operating conditions. These findings highlight the significance of grain-level cathode microstructures in causing cracking, formation of crystal defects, and chemo-mechanical degradation of solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlai Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Düsseldorf, 40237, Germany.
| | - Franz Roters
- Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Düsseldorf, 40237, Germany
| | - Dierk Raabe
- Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Düsseldorf, 40237, Germany.
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2
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Lim J, Lee JI, Wang Y, Gauriot N, Sebastian E, Chhowalla M, Schnedermann C, Rao A. Photoredox phase engineering of transition metal dichalcogenides. Nature 2024; 633:83-89. [PMID: 39198653 PMCID: PMC11374681 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Crystallographic phase engineering plays an important part in the precise control of the physical and electronic properties of materials. In two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs), phase engineering using chemical lithiation with the organometallization agent n-butyllithium (n-BuLi), to convert the semiconducting 2H (trigonal) to the metallic 1T (octahedral) phase, has been widely explored for applications in areas such as transistors, catalysis and batteries1-15. Although this chemical phase engineering can be performed at ambient temperatures and pressures, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, and the use of n-BuLi raises notable safety concerns. Here we optically visualize the archetypical phase transition from the 2H to the 1T phase in mono- and bilayer 2D TMDs and discover that this reaction can be accelerated by up to six orders of magnitude using low-power illumination at 455 nm. We identify that the above-gap illumination improves the rate-limiting charge-transfer kinetics through a photoredox process. We use this method to achieve rapid and high-quality phase engineering of TMDs and demonstrate that this methodology can be harnessed to inscribe arbitrary phase patterns with diffraction-limited edge resolution into few-layer TMDs. Finally, we replace pyrophoric n-BuLi with safer polycyclic aromatic organolithiation agents and show that their performance exceeds that of n-BuLi as a phase transition agent. Our work opens opportunities for exploring the in situ characterization of electrochemical processes and paves the way for sustainably scaling up materials and devices by photoredox phase engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhwan Lim
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jung-In Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicolas Gauriot
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ebin Sebastian
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manish Chhowalla
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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3
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Astles T, McHugh JG, Zhang R, Guo Q, Howe M, Wu Z, Indykiewicz K, Summerfield A, Goodwin ZAH, Slizovskiy S, Domaretskiy D, Geim AK, Falko V, Grigorieva IV. In-plane staging in lithium-ion intercalation of bilayer graphene. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6933. [PMID: 39138190 PMCID: PMC11322308 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing efforts to optimize rechargeable Li-ion batteries led to the interest in intercalation of nanoscale layered compounds, including bilayer graphene. Its lithium intercalation has been demonstrated recently but the mechanisms underpinning the storage capacity remain poorly understood. Here, using magnetotransport measurements, we report in-operando intercalation dynamics of bilayer graphene. Unexpectedly, we find four distinct intercalation stages that correspond to well-defined Li-ion densities. Transitions between the stages occur rapidly (within 1 sec) over the entire device area. We refer to these stages as 'in-plane', with no in-plane analogues in bulk graphite. The fully intercalated bilayers represent a stoichiometric compound C14LiC14 with a Li density of ∼2.7·1014 cm-2, notably lower than fully intercalated graphite. Combining the experimental findings and DFT calculations, we show that the critical step in bilayer intercalation is a transition from AB to AA stacking which occurs at a density of ∼0.9·1014 cm-2. Our findings reveal the mechanism and limits for electrochemical intercalation of bilayer graphene and suggest possible avenues for increasing the Li storage capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Astles
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James G McHugh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Madeleine Howe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Zefei Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kornelia Indykiewicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alex Summerfield
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Zachary A H Goodwin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sergey Slizovskiy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniil Domaretskiy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andre K Geim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Vladimir Falko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Irina V Grigorieva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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4
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Lu SM, Wang HW, Chen M, Xie BK, Long YT. Unlocking Single Particle Anisotropy in Real-Time for Photoelectrochemistry Processes at the Nanoscale. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404170. [PMID: 38781086 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The key to rationally and rapidly designing high-performance materials is the monitoring and comprehension of dynamic processes within individual particles in real-time, particularly to gain insight into the anisotropy of nanoparticles. The intrinsic property of nanoparticles typically varies from one crystal facet to the next under realistic working conditions. Here, we introduce the operando collision electrochemistry to resolve the single silver nanoprisms (Ag NPs) anisotropy in photoelectrochemistry. We directly identify the effect of anisotropy on the plasmonic-assisted electrochemistry at the single NP/electrolyte interface. The statistical collision frequency shows that heterogeneous diffusion coefficients among crystal facets facilitate Ag NPs to undergo direction-dependent mass transfer toward the gold ultramicroelectrode. Subsequently, the current amplitudes of transient events indicate that the anisotropy enables variations in dynamic interfacial electron transfer behaviors during photothermal processes. The results presented here demonstrate that the measurement precision of collision electrochemistry can be extended to the sub-nanoparticle level, highlighting the potential for high-throughput material screening with comprehensive kinetics information at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Lu
- Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R.China
| | - Hao-Wei Wang
- Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R.China
| | - Mengjie Chen
- Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R.China
| | - Bao-Kang Xie
- Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R.China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R.China
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5
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Zhou X, Shu S, Ye X, Li Z. Engineering Faradaic Electrode Materials for High-Efficiency Water Desalination. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400047. [PMID: 38488708 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Water desalination technologies play a key role in addressing the global water scarcity crisis and ensuring a sustainable supply of freshwater. In contrast to conventional capacitive deionization, which suffers from limitations such as low desalination capacity, carbon anode oxidation, and co-ion expulsion effects of carbon materials, the emerging faradaic electrochemical deionization (FDI) presents a promising avenue for enhancing water desalination performance. These electrode materials employed faradaic charge-transfer processes for ion removal, achieving higher desalination capacity and energy-efficient desalination for high salinity streams. The past decade has witnessed a surge in the advancement of faradaic electrode materials and considerable efforts have been made to explore optimization strategies for improving their desalination performance. This review summarizes the recent progress on the optimization strategies and underlying mechanisms of faradaic electrode materials in pursuit of high-efficiency water desalination, including phase, doping and vacancy engineering, nanocarbon incorporation, heterostructures construction, interlayer spacing engineering, and morphology engineering. The key points of each strategy in design principle, modification method, structural analysis, and optimization mechanism of faradaic materials are discussed in detail. Finally, this work highlights the remaining challenges of faradaic electrode materials and present perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Shirui Shu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ye
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, 211111, China
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6
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Zhao X, Chen H, Cui Y, Zhang X, Hao R. Dual-Mode Imaging of Dynamic Interaction between Bubbles and Single Nanoplates during the Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Process. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400273. [PMID: 38552218 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Gas bubble formation at electrochemical interfaces can significantly affect the efficiency and durability of electrocatalysts. However, obtaining comprehensive details on bubble evolution dynamics, particularly their dynamic interaction with high-performance structured electrocatalysts, poses a considerable challenge. Herein, dual-mode interference/total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy is introduced, which allows for the simultaneous capture of the evolution pathway of bubbles and the 3D motion of nanoplate electrocatalysts, providing high-resolution and accurate spatiotemporal information. During the hydrogen evolution reaction, the dynamics of hydrogen bubble generation and their interactions with single nanoplate electrocatalysts at the electrochemical interface are observed. The results unveiled that, under constant potential, bubbles initially manifest as fast-moving nanobubbles, transforming into stationary microbubbles subsequently. The morphology of stationary nanoplates regulates the trajectories of these moving nanobubbles while the pinned microbubbles induce the motion of the electrocatalysts. The dual-mode microscopy can be employed to scrutinize numerous multiphase electrochemical interactions with high spatiotemporal resolution, which can facilitate the rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Houkai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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7
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Wang F, Zhang C, Wu F, He Z, Huang Y. Investigation of the Single-Particle Scale Structure-Activity Relationship Providing New Insights for the Development of High-Performance Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400683. [PMID: 38747891 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
As electric vehicles, portable electronic devices, and tools have increasingly high requirements for battery energy density and power density, constantly improving battery performance is a research focus. Accurate measurement of the structure-activity relationship of active materials is key to advancing the research of high-performance batteries. However, conventional performance tests of active materials are based on the electrochemical measurement of porous composite electrodes containing active materials, polymer binders, and conductive carbon additives, which cannot establish an accurate structure-activity relationship with the physical characterization of microregions. In this review, in order to promote the accurate measurement and understanding of the structure-activity relationship of materials, the electrochemical measurement and physical characterization of energy storage materials at single-particle scale are reviewed. The potential problems and possible improvement schemes of the single particle electrochemical measurement and physical characterization are proposed. Their potential applications in single particle electrochemical simulation and machine learning are prospected. This review aims to promote the further application of single particle electrochemical measurement and physical characterization in energy storage materials, hoping to achieve 3D unified evaluation of physical characterization, electrochemical measurement, and theoretical simulation at the single particle scale to provide new inspiration for the development of high-performance batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Zhichao He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Yudong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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8
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Wang X, Wang SC, Ma J, Xie RC, Wang W. Near-infrared visualisation of single microparticle electrochemistry for batteries. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8536-8544. [PMID: 38846408 PMCID: PMC11151827 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
While optical microscopy of single particle electrochemistry has proven insightful for future nanoparticle-based batteries, little is explored for micron-sized particles of more practical interest. This is largely hindered by the currently limited methodology. Accordingly, we report transmission optical microscopy using near-infrared light for accessing intra-particle electrochemistry in virtue of strong light penetration as compared to visible light. Using near-infrared (λ > 730 nm) bright-field microscopy, the redox electrochemistry of single LiCoO2 microparticles can be readily measured based on the measurements of optical contrast changes during electrochemical cycling. Further using the established methodology, we discover that the solid-state diffusion inside most single microparticles is distinctly directional, instead of in an isotropic manner from outer to inner as observed for the other particles. This phenomenon is also observed using dark field scattering microscopy with near-infrared light, suggesting non-uniform crystal inner structures responsible for the geometrically asymmetric heterogeneity of charge transfer kinetics within each single particle. These results indicate potential opportunities offered by the near-infrared optical methodology for operando studying practical battery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, ChemBIC (Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center), Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Si-Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, ChemBIC (Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center), Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Junjie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, ChemBIC (Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center), Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Ruo-Chen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, ChemBIC (Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center), Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, ChemBIC (Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center), Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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9
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Gruber CG, Frey L, Guntermann R, Medina DD, Cortés E. Early stages of covalent organic framework formation imaged in operando. Nature 2024; 630:872-877. [PMID: 38839960 PMCID: PMC11208157 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a functional material class able to harness, convert and store energy. However, after almost 20 years of research, there are no coherent prediction rules for their synthesis conditions. This is partly because of an incomplete picture of nucleation and growth at the early stages of formation. Here we use the optical technique interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT)1-3 for in operando studies of COF polymerization and framework formation. We observe liquid-liquid phase separation, pointing to the existence of structured solvents in the form of surfactant-free (micro)emulsions in conventional COF synthesis. Our findings show that the role of solvents extends beyond solubility to being kinetic modulators by compartmentation of reactants and catalyst. Taking advantage of these observations, we develop a synthesis protocol for COFs using room temperature instead of elevated temperatures. This work connects framework synthesis with liquid phase diagrams and thereby enables an active design of the reaction environment, emphasizing that visualization of chemical reactions by means of light-scattering-based techniques can be a powerful approach for advancing rational materials synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph G Gruber
- Nanoinstitute Munich and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Frey
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Guntermann
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dana D Medina
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- Nanoinstitute Munich and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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10
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Ansari RM, Chamola S, Ahmad S. Ruddlesden-Popper 2D Perovskite-MoS 2 Hybrid Heterojunction Photocathodes for Efficient and Scalable Photo-Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401350. [PMID: 38822720 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Photo-rechargeable batteries (PRBs) can provide a compact solution to power autonomous smart devices located at remote sites that cannot be connected with the grid. The study reports the Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) metal halide perovskite (MHP) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) hybrid heterojunction-based photocathodes for Li-ion photo-rechargeable battery (Li-PRB) applications. Hybrid Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have demonstrated an average discharge specific capacity of 144.46 and 129.17 mAhg-1 for 50 cycles when operating at 176 and 294 mAg-1, respectively compared to the pristine LIBs which have shown specific capacity of 37.48 and 25.60 mAhg-1 under similar conditions. Hybrid Li-PRB has achieved an average dark discharge specific capacities of 128.66 mAhg-1 (capacity retention: 96.56%) which enhanced to 180.67 mAhg-1 under illumination (capacity retention: 97.39%; photo-enhancement: 40.42%) at 64 mAg-1. Excellent performance of hybrid Li-PRB is attributed to the formation of type-II heterojunction that leads to improved crystallinity and film morphology. The PRB has demonstrated a high photo conversion and storage efficiency (PC-SE) of 0.52% under standard 1 Sun illumination, which outperforms other previously reported MHP based LIBs and PRBs. This work provides a novel approach of harnessing the potential of MHPs for PRBs and offers new avenues for MHP photocathodes for various applications beyond PRBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid M Ansari
- Advanced Energy Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342030, India
| | - Shubham Chamola
- Advanced Energy Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342030, India
| | - Shahab Ahmad
- Advanced Energy Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342030, India
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11
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Wang Y, Wang H, Huang Y, Li Y, Li Z, Makepeace JW, Liu Q, Zhang F, Allan PK, Lu Z. Mitigating Strain Accumulation in Li 2RuO 3 via Fluorine Doping. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5359-5365. [PMID: 38728665 PMCID: PMC11129289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Lithium ruthenium oxide (Li2RuO3) is an archetypal lithium rich cathode material (LRCM) with both cation and anion redox reactions (ARRs). Commonly, the instability of oxygen redox activities has been regarded as the root cause of its performance degradation in long-term operation. However, we find that not triggering ARRs does not improve and even worsens its cyclability due to the detrimental strain accumulation induced by Ru redox activities. To solve this problem, we demonstrate that F-doping in Li2RuO3 can alter its preferential orientation and buffer interlayer repulsion upon Ru redox, both of which can mitigate the strain accumulation along the c-axis and improve its structural stability. This work highlights the importance of optimizing cation redox reactions in LRCMs and provides a new perspective for their rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
- Department
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yongcong Huang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yingzhi Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zongrun Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | | | - Quanbing Liu
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fucai Zhang
- Department
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Phoebe K. Allan
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Zhouguang Lu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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12
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Zhang L, Wahab OJ, Jallow AA, O’Dell ZJ, Pungsrisai T, Sridhar S, Vernon KL, Willets KA, Baker LA. Recent Developments in Single-Entity Electrochemistry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8036-8055. [PMID: 38727715 PMCID: PMC11112546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - O. J. Wahab
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - A. A. Jallow
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Z. J. O’Dell
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - T. Pungsrisai
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - S. Sridhar
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - K. L. Vernon
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - K. A. Willets
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - L. A. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
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13
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Moghaddam M, Godeffroy L, Jasielec JJ, Kostopoulos N, Noël JM, Piquemal JY, Lemineur JF, Peljo P, Kanoufi F. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Meets Optical Microscopy: Probing the Local Paths of Charge Transfer Operando in Booster-Microparticles for Flow Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309607. [PMID: 38757541 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the oxidation/reduction dynamics of secondary microparticles formed from agglomerated nanoscale primary particles is crucial for advancing electrochemical energy storage technologies. In this study, the behavior of individual copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) microparticles is explored at both global and local scales combining scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), for electrochemical interrogation of a single, but global-scale microparticle, and optical microscopy monitoring to obtain a higher resolution dynamic image of the local electrochemistry within the same particle. Chronoamperometric experiments unveil a multistep oxidation/reduction process with varying dynamics. On the one hand, the global SECM analysis enables quantifying the charge transfer as well as its dynamics at the single microparticle level during the oxidation/reduction cycles by a redox mediator in solution. These conditions allow mimicking the charge storage processes in these particles when they are used as solid boosters in redox flow batteries. On the other hand, optical imaging with sub-particle resolution allows the mapping of local conversion rates and state-of-charge within individual CuHCF particles. These maps reveal that regions of different material loadings exhibit varying charge storage capacities and conversion rates. The findings highlight the significance of porous nanostructures and provide valuable insights for designing more efficient energy storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Moghaddam
- Research Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turun Yliopisto, 20014, Finland
| | | | - Jerzy J Jasielec
- Research Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turun Yliopisto, 20014, Finland
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Modelling, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Kraków, 30-059, Poland
| | | | - Jean-Marc Noël
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS, Paris, F-75013, France
| | | | | | - Pekka Peljo
- Research Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turun Yliopisto, 20014, Finland
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14
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Morzy J, Dose WM, Vullum PE, Lai MC, Mahadevegowda A, De Volder MFL, Ducati C. Origins and Importance of Intragranular Cracking in Layered Lithium Transition Metal Oxide Cathodes. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2024; 7:3945-3956. [PMID: 38756866 PMCID: PMC11094680 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.4c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Li-ion batteries have a pivotal role in the transition toward electric transportation. Ni-rich layered transition metal oxide (LTMO) cathode materials promise high specific capacity and lower cost but exhibit faster degradation compared with lower Ni alternatives. Here, we employ high-resolution electron microscopy and spectroscopy techniques to investigate the nanoscale origins and impact on performance of intragranular cracking (within primary crystals) in Ni-rich LTMOs. We find that intragranular cracking is widespread in charged specimens early in cycle life but uncommon in discharged samples even after cycling. The distribution of intragranular cracking is highly inhomogeneous. We conclude that intragranular cracking is caused by local stresses that can have several independent sources: neighboring particle anisotropic expansion/contraction, Li- and TM-inhomogeneities at the primary and secondary particle levels, and interfacing of electrochemically active and inactive phases. Our results suggest that intragranular cracks can manifest at different points of life of the cathode and can potentially lead to capacity fade and impedance rise of LTMO cathodes through plane gliding and particle detachment that lead to exposure of additional surfaces to the electrolyte and loss of electrical contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jędrzej
K. Morzy
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Institute
for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 17 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Faraday
Institution, Quad One,
Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Wesley M. Dose
- Institute
for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 17 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Faraday
Institution, Quad One,
Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Per Erik Vullum
- Department
of Physics, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology, Ho̷gskoleringen 1, Trondheim 7034, Norway
- Sintef
Industry, Trondheim 7034, Norway
| | - May Ching Lai
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Faraday
Institution, Quad One,
Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Amoghavarsha Mahadevegowda
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Faraday
Institution, Quad One,
Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F. L. De Volder
- Institute
for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 17 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Faraday
Institution, Quad One,
Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Ducati
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Faraday
Institution, Quad One,
Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
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15
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Lu J, Xu C, Dose W, Dey S, Wang X, Wu Y, Li D, Ci L. Microstructures of layered Ni-rich cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4707-4740. [PMID: 38536022 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00741c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Millions of electric vehicles (EVs) on the road are powered by lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on nickel-rich layered oxide (NRLO) cathodes, and they suffer from a limited driving range and safety concerns. Increasing the Ni content is a key way to boost the energy densities of LIBs and alleviate the EV range anxiety, which are, however, compromised by the rapid performance fading. One unique challenge lies in the worsening of the microstructural stability with a rising Ni-content in the cathode. In this review, we focus on the latest advances in the understanding of NLRO microstructures, particularly the microstructural degradation mechanisms, state-of-the-art stabilization strategies, and advanced characterization methods. We first elaborate on the fundamental mechanisms underlying the microstructural failures of NRLOs, including anisotropic lattice evolution, microcracking, and surface degradation, as a result of which other degradation processes, such as electrolyte decomposition and transition metal dissolution, can be severely aggravated. Afterwards, we discuss representative stabilization strategies, including the surface treatment and construction of radial concentration gradients in polycrystalline secondary particles, the fabrication of rod-shaped primary particles, and the development of single-crystal NRLO cathodes. We then introduce emerging microstructural characterization techniques, especially for identification of the particle orientation, dynamic changes, and elemental distributions in NRLO microstructures. Finally, we provide perspectives on the remaining challenges and opportunities for the development of stable NRLO cathodes for the zero-carbon future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Lu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Chao Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wesley Dose
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sunita Dey
- School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Xihao Wang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yehui Wu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Deping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Lijie Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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16
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Liu Y, Chen Q, Zhang H, Feng Z, Zou G, Zhang D. Cascaded momentum-space polarization filters enabled label-free black-field microscopy for single nanoparticles analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321825121. [PMID: 38498716 PMCID: PMC10990084 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321825121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Label-free optical imaging of single-nanometer-scale matter is extremely important for a variety of biomedical, physical, and chemical investigations. One central challenge is that the background intensity is much stronger than the intensity of the scattering light from single nano-objects. Here, we propose an optical module comprising cascaded momentum-space polarization filters that can perform vector field modulation to block most of the background field and result in an almost black background; in contrast, only a small proportion of the scattering field is blocked, leading to obvious imaging contrast enhancement. This module can be installed in various optical microscopies to realize a black-field microscopy. Various single nano-objects with dimensions smaller than 20 nm appear distinctly in the black-field images. The chemical reactions occurring on single nanocrystals with edge lengths of approximately 10 nm are in situ real-time monitored by using the black-field microscopy. This label-free black-field microscopy is highly promising for a wide range of future multidisciplinary science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
| | - Qiankun Chen
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
| | - Zeyu Feng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
| | - Gang Zou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
| | - Douguo Zhang
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230088, China
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17
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Mao J, Li G, Xu D, Hao R. Direct imaging of dynamic heterogeneous lithium-gold interaction at the electrochemical interface during the charging/discharging processes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3192-3202. [PMID: 38425538 PMCID: PMC10901480 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lithium can smoothly plate on certain lithium alloys in theory, such as the Li-Au alloy, making the alloy/metal films promising current collectors for high energy density anode-free batteries. However, the actual performance of the batteries with alloy film electrodes often rapidly deteriorates. It remains challenging for current imaging approaches to provide sufficient details for fully understanding the process. Here, a "see-through" operando optical microscopic approach that allows direct imaging of Li-Au interaction with high spatiotemporal and chemical resolution has been developed. Through this approach, a two-step Li-Au alloying process that exhibits interesting complementary spatiotemporal evolution paths has been discovered. The alloying process regulates the nucleation of further Li deposition, while the Li nucleation sites generate pores on the electrode film. After several cycles, film rupture occurs due to the generation of an increased number of pores, thus explaining the previously unclear mechanism of poor cycling stability. We have also elucidated the deterioration mechanism of silver electrodes: the growth of defect pores in size, independent of the alloying process. Overall, this new imaging approach opens up an effective and simple way to monitor the dynamic heterogeneity of metal-metal interaction at the electrochemical interface, which could provide helpful insight for designing high-performance batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Guopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Dongwei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Rui Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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18
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Ji P, Lei X, Su D. In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Methods for Lithium-Ion Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301539. [PMID: 38385838 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In situ Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) stands as an invaluable instrument for the real-time examination of the structural changes in materials. It features ultrahigh spatial resolution and powerful analytical capability, making it significantly versatile across diverse fields. Particularly in the realm of Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs), in situ TEM is extensively utilized for real-time analysis of phase transitions, degradation mechanisms, and the lithiation process during charging and discharging. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest advancements in in situ TEM applications for LIBs. Additionally, it compares the suitability and effectiveness of two techniques: the open cell technique and the liquid cell technique. The technical aspects of both the open cell and liquid cell techniques are introduced, followed by a comparison of their applications in cathodes, anodes, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, and lithium dendrite growth in LIBs. Lastly, the review concludes by stimulating discussions on possible future research trajectories that hold potential to expedite the progression of battery technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Ji
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xincheng Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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19
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Xu J, Zhang P, Chen Y. Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors: A Review of Molecular Imaging with High Spatial Resolution. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:84. [PMID: 38392003 PMCID: PMC10886473 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a powerful tool for determining molecular interactions quantitatively. SPR imaging (SPRi) further improves the throughput of SPR technology and provides the spatially resolved capability for observing the molecular interaction dynamics in detail. SPRi is becoming more and more popular in biological and chemical sensing and imaging. However, SPRi suffers from low spatial resolution due to the imperfect optical components and delocalized features of propagating surface plasmonic waves along the surface. Diverse kinds of approaches have been developed to improve the spatial resolution of SPRi, which have enormously impelled the development of the methodology and further extended its possible applications. In this minireview, we introduce the mechanisms for building a high-spatial-resolution SPRi system and present its experimental schemes from prism-coupled SPRi and SPR microscopy (SPRM) to surface plasmonic scattering microscopy (SPSM); summarize its exciting applications, including molecular interaction analysis, molecular imaging and profiling, tracking of single entities, and analysis of single cells; and discuss its challenges in recent decade as well as the promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Xu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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20
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Lin C, Li J, Yin ZW, Huang W, Zhao Q, Weng Q, Liu Q, Sun J, Chen G, Pan F. Structural Understanding for High-Voltage Stabilization of Lithium Cobalt Oxide. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307404. [PMID: 37870392 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of modern consumer electronics is placing higher demands on the lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2 ; LCO) cathode that powers them. Increasing operating voltage is exclusively effective in boosting LCO capacity and energy density but is inhibited by the innate high-voltage instability of the LCO structure that serves as the foundation and determinant of its electrochemical behavior in lithium-ion batteries. This has stimulated extensive research on LCO structural stabilization. Here, it is focused on the fundamental structural understanding of LCO cathode from long-term studies. Multi-scale structures concerning LCO bulk and surface and various structural issues along with their origins and corresponding stabilization strategies with specific mechanisms are uncovered and elucidated at length, which will certainly deepen and advance the knowledge of LCO structure and further its inherent relationship with electrochemical performance. Based on these understandings, remaining questions and opportunities for future stabilization of the LCO structure are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lin
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianyuan Li
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zu-Wei Yin
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weiyuan Huang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qinghe Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qingsong Weng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Junliang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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21
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Feng Z, Ye J, Li X, Li L, Fang C, Wang R, Hu W. Optical Approach for Mapping the Intercalation Capacity of Porous Electrodes. Anal Chem 2024; 96:394-400. [PMID: 38149960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The intercalation capacity of a porous electrode in real batteries is not uniform spatially due to the inevitable structural and compositional inhomogeneity and site-dependent ion and electron transport features. Reliable methods to quantify the capacity distribution are highly desirable but absent so far in battery research. In this paper, a novel optical technique, oblique incident reflection difference (OIRD), was employed to monitor in situ the electrochemical ion (de)intercalation behavior of Prussian blue analogue (PBA) porous films. The OIRD signal responded synchronously to the ion (de)intercalation, and the change in the OIRD signal (ΔI) was positively correlated with the local electrochemical capacity, thereby enabling mapping of the spatially resolved ion storage capacity of the films. Optical analysis further showed that the OIRD response originated from the ion (de)intercalation-induced dielectric constant change of PBA films. This work therefore offers an intriguing in situ and spatially resolved tool for the study of rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education; School of Materials and Energy, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education; School of Materials and Energy, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education; School of Materials and Energy, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education; School of Materials and Energy, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Changxiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education; School of Materials and Energy, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Rongfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education; School of Materials and Energy, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education; School of Materials and Energy, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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22
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Xue Z, Sharma N, Wu F, Pianetta P, Lin F, Li L, Zhao K, Liu Y. Asynchronous domain dynamics and equilibration in layered oxide battery cathode. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8394. [PMID: 38110430 PMCID: PMC10728132 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve lithium-ion battery technology, it is essential to probe and comprehend the microscopic dynamic processes that occur in a real-world composite electrode under operating conditions. The primary and secondary particles are the structural building blocks of battery cathode electrodes. Their dynamic inconsistency has profound but not well-understood impacts. In this research, we combine operando coherent multi-crystal diffraction and optical microscopy to examine the chemical dynamics in local domains of layered oxide cathode. Our results not only pinpoint the asynchronicity of the lithium (de)intercalation at the sub-particle level, but also reveal sophisticated diffusion kinetics and reaction patterns, involving various localized processes, e.g., chemical onset, reaction front propagation, domains equilibration, particle deformation and motion. These observations shed new lights onto the activation and degradation mechanisms of state-of-the-art battery cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichen Xue
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Nikhil Sharma
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Feixiang Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China.
| | - Piero Pianetta
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Luxi Li
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
| | - Kejie Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Yijin Liu
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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23
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Ji H, Wang J, Ma J, Cheng HM, Zhou G. Fundamentals, status and challenges of direct recycling technologies for lithium ion batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8194-8244. [PMID: 37886791 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Advancement in energy storage technologies is closely related to social development. However, a significant conflict has arisen between the explosive growth in battery demand and resource availability. Facing the upcoming large-scale disposal problem of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), their recycling technology development has become key. Emerging direct recycling has attracted widespread attention in recent years because it aims to 'repair' the battery materials, rather than break them down and extract valuable products from their components. To achieve this goal, a profound understanding of the failure mechanisms of spent LIB electrode materials is essential. This review summarizes the failure mechanisms of LIB cathode and anode materials and the direct recycling strategies developed. We systematically explore the correlation between the failure mechanism and the required repair process to achieve efficient and even upcycling of spent LIB electrode materials. Furthermore, we systematically introduce advanced in situ characterization techniques that can be utilized for investigating direct recycling processes. We then compare different direct recycling strategies, focussing on their respective advantages and disadvantages and their applicability to different materials. It is our belief that this review will offer valuable guidelines for the design and selection of LIB direct recycling methods in future endeavors. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for the future of battery direct recycling technology are discussed, paving the way for its further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Ji
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Junxiong Wang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering & Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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24
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Martens I, Vostrov N, Mirolo M, Leake SJ, Zatterin E, Zhu X, Wang L, Drnec J, Richard MI, Schulli TU. Defects and nanostrain gradients control phase transition mechanisms in single crystal high-voltage lithium spinel. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6975. [PMID: 37914690 PMCID: PMC10620135 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithiation dynamics and phase transition mechanisms in most battery cathode materials remain poorly understood, because of the challenge in differentiating inter- and intra-particle heterogeneity. In this work, the structural evolution inside Li1-xMn1.5Ni0.5O4 single crystals during electrochemical delithiation is directly resolved with operando X-ray nanodiffraction microscopy. Metastable domains of solid-solution intermediates do not appear associated with the reaction front between the lithiated and delithiated phases, as predicted by current phase transition theory. Instead, unusually persistent strain gradients inside the single crystals suggest that the shape and size of solid solution domains are instead templated by lattice defects, which guide the entire delithiation process. Morphology, strain distributions, and tilt boundaries reveal that the (Ni2+/Ni3+) and (Ni3+/Ni4+) phase transitions proceed through different mechanisms, offering solutions for reducing structural degradation in high voltage spinel active materials towards commercially useful durability. Dynamic lattice domain reorientation during cycling are found to be the cause for formation of permanent tilt boundaries with their angular deviation increasing during continuous cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Martens
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Nikita Vostrov
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marta Mirolo
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Steven J Leake
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Edoardo Zatterin
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, and Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jakub Drnec
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Tobias U Schulli
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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25
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Fan Y, Walls M, Salzemann C, Noël JM, Kanoufi F, Courty A, Lemineur JF. Metal Core-Shell Nanoparticle Supercrystals: From Photoactivation of Hydrogen Evolution to Photocorrosion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305402. [PMID: 37492940 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Gas nanobubbles are directly linked to many important chemical reactions. While they can be detrimental to operational devices, they also reflect the local activity at the nanoscale. Here, supercrystals made of highly monodisperse Ag@Pt core-shell nanoparticles are first grown onto a solid support and fully characterized by electron microscopies and X-ray scattering. Supercrystals are then used as a plasmonic photocatalytic platform for triggering the hydrogen evolution reaction. The catalytic activity is measured operando at the single supercrystal level by high-resolution optical microscopy, which allows gas nanobubble nucleation to be probed at the early stage with high temporal resolution and the amount of gas molecules trapped inside them to be quantified. Finally, a correlative microscopy approach and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy help to decipher the mechanisms at the origin of the local degradation of the supercrystals during catalysis, namely nanoscale erosion and corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Fan
- MONARIS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8233, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Michael Walls
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Caroline Salzemann
- MONARIS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8233, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Jean-Marc Noël
- ITODYS, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, F-75013, France
| | | | - Alexa Courty
- MONARIS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8233, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
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26
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Lin H, Xu Y, Chen X, Fang Z, Yan T, Ma K, Liu L, Xi J. In Situ Mapping of Activity Distribution of V(II)/V(III) and Onset Potential Distribution of Hydrogen Evolution Side Reaction in Vanadium Flow Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300841. [PMID: 37882331 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) face a challenge with the low reaction rates of the V(II)/V(III) redox couple, which limits the performance of VFBs. Additionally, the negative electrode in VFBs is often accompanied by the persistent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which is difficult to eliminate. Therefore, understanding the spatial distribution of activity on the negative electrode and the HER side reaction on the electrode surface is of critical importance. This study proposes a weak measurement imaging method to characterize the spatial distribution of surface activity and HER onset potential on the negative electrode in VFBs). This method enables the visualization and in situ detection of key parameters such as the absolute values of |ipa |, |ipc |, |∆E|, |ipc /ipa |, and the HER onset potential. By comparing three different types of graphite felts with varying activity levels, it validates the feasibility of this method. Furthermore, electrochemical stability tests are conducted to study the electrodes repeatability, uniformity, and durability. This method holds promise in guiding the design of electrodes with enhanced activity, good reversibility, minimized HER side reactions, and uniform distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zengxian Fang
- Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tian Yan
- Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kaijie Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1301, USA
| | - Le Liu
- Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jingyu Xi
- Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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27
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Zhang Z, Faez S. Iontronic microscopy of a tungsten microelectrode: "seeing" ionic currents under an optical microscope. Faraday Discuss 2023; 246:426-440. [PMID: 37404127 PMCID: PMC10568260 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00040k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical methods for monitoring electrochemical reactions at an interface are advantageous because of their table-top setup and ease of integration into reactors. Here we apply EDL-modulation microscopy to one of the main components of amperometric measurement devices: a microelectrode. We present experimental measurements of the EDL-modulation contrast from the tip of a tungsten microelectrode at various electrochemical potentials inside a ferrocene-dimethanol Fe(MeOH)2 solution. Using the combination of the dark-field scattering microscope and the lock-in detection technique, we measure the phase and amplitude of local ion-concentration oscillations in response to an AC potential as the electrode potential is scanned through the redox-activity window of the dissolved species. We present the amplitude and phase map of this response, as such this method can be used to study the spatial and temporal variations of the ion-flux due to an electrochemical reaction close to metallic and semiconducting objects of general geometry. We discuss the advantages and possible extensions of using this microscopy method for wide-field imaging of ionic currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhang
- Nanophotonics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sanli Faez
- Nanophotonics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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28
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Kang SD, Chueh WC. Probing the depths of battery heterogeneity. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:1130. [PMID: 37591938 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Dongmin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - William C Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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29
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Li R, Makogon A, Galochkina T, Lemineur JF, Kanoufi F, Shkirskiy V. Unsupervised Analysis of Optical Imaging Data for the Discovery of Reactivity Patterns in Metal Alloy. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300214. [PMID: 37382395 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Operando wide-field optical microscopy imaging yields a wealth of information about the reactivity of metal interfaces, yet the data are often unstructured and challenging to process. In this study, the power of unsupervised machine learning (ML) algorithms is harnessed to analyze chemical reactivity images obtained dynamically by reflectivity microscopy in combination with ex situ scanning electron microscopy to identify and cluster the chemical reactivity of particles in Al alloy. The ML analysis uncovers three distinct clusters of reactivity from unlabeled datasets. A detailed examination of representative reactivity patterns confirms the chemical communication of generated OH- fluxes within particles, as supported by statistical analysis of size distribution and finite element modelling (FEM). The ML procedures also reveal statistically significant patterns of reactivity under dynamic conditions, such as pH acidification. The results align well with a numerical model of chemical communication, underscoring the synergy between data-driven ML and physics-driven FEM approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Université Paris Cité, ITODYS, CNRS, Paris, 75013, France
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30
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Pandya R, Valzania L, Dorchies F, Xia F, Mc Hugh J, Mathieson A, Tan HJ, Parton TG, Godeffroy L, Mazloomian K, Miller TS, Kanoufi F, De Volder M, Tarascon JM, Gigan S, de Aguiar HB, Grimaud A. Three-dimensional operando optical imaging of particle and electrolyte heterogeneities inside Li-ion batteries. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:1185-1194. [PMID: 37591934 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding (de)lithiation heterogeneities in battery materials is key to ensure optimal electrochemical performance. However, this remains challenging due to the three-dimensional morphology of electrode particles, the involvement of both solid- and liquid-phase reactants and a range of relevant timescales (seconds to hours). Here we overcome this problem and demonstrate the use of confocal microscopy for the simultaneous three-dimensional operando measurement of lithium-ion dynamics in individual agglomerate particles, and the electrolyte in batteries. We examine two technologically important cathode materials: LixCoO2 and LixNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2. The surface-to-core transport velocity of Li-phase fronts and volume changes are captured as a function of cycling rate. Additionally, we visualize heterogeneities in the bulk and at agglomerate surfaces during cycling, and image microscopic liquid electrolyte concentration gradients. We discover that surface-limited reactions and intra-agglomerate competing rates control (de)lithiation and structural heterogeneities in agglomerate-based electrodes. Importantly, the conditions under which optical imaging can be performed inside the complex environments of battery electrodes are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pandya
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Paris, France.
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Lorenzo Valzania
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Florian Dorchies
- Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie, UMR 8260, Collège de France, Paris, France
- Réseau sur le stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), Amiens, France
| | - Fei Xia
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Jeffrey Mc Hugh
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Angus Mathieson
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hwee Jien Tan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas G Parton
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Katrina Mazloomian
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London, UK
| | - Thomas S Miller
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London, UK
| | | | | | - Jean-Marie Tarascon
- Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie, UMR 8260, Collège de France, Paris, France
- Réseau sur le stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), Amiens, France
| | - Sylvain Gigan
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Paris, France.
| | - Hilton B de Aguiar
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Paris, France.
| | - Alexis Grimaud
- Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie, UMR 8260, Collège de France, Paris, France.
- Réseau sur le stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), Amiens, France.
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
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31
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Zhao X, Li Y, Cui Y, Saqib M, Zhang X, Hao R, Zheng Z. Spatiotemporally and Chemically Resolved Imaging of Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution on Single Nanoplates of Cobalt-Layered Hydroxide. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20897-20906. [PMID: 37721427 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-layered hydroxides have been extensively studied in order to address the key challenge of slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, how the catalytically active sites are evolved and the corresponding heterogeneous structure-property relationship remain unclear. Herein, using cobalt-layered hydroxide as a representative catalyst, we report a strategy for the comprehensive in situ investigation of the electrocatalytic OER process at the single electrocatalyst level using combined electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and vis-absorption microscopy. The stepwise heterogeneous electrocatalytic responses of single-cobalt hydroxide nanoplates are unveiled with ECL imaging, and the corresponding valence state changes are revealed by vis-absorption imaging. The correlated in situ and ex situ multimode analyses indicate that, during the oxidation process, the Co2+ cations in the tetrahedral sites (CoTd2+) turned into CoTd3+ and even the highly unstable CoTd4+, assisted by the interlayer water in a metastable CoOOH·xH2O phase. Crucially, the CoTd4+ sites are mainly distributed in the inner part of the nanoplates and show superior electrocatalytic properties. The correlative single-particle imaging approach for electrocatalytic process analysis with high spatiotemporal and chemical resolution enables in-depth mechanistic insights to be generated and, in turn, will benefit the rational design of electrocatalysts with enhanced performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Ministry of Education), Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Ministry of Education), Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
- Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Ministry of Education), Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
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32
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Yi H, Du Y, Fang J, Li Z, Ren H, Zhao W, Chen H, Zhou L, Zhao Q, Pan F. Revealing the Grain-Boundary-Cracking Induced Capacity Decay of a High-Voltage LiCoO 2 at 4.6 V. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42667-42675. [PMID: 37639518 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
During a practical battery manufacture process, the LiCoO2 (LCO) electrodes are usually rolled with high pressure to achieve better performance, including reducing electrode polarization, increasing compact density, enhancing mechanical toughness, etc. In this work, a high-voltage LCO (HV-LCO) is achieved via modulating a commercialized LCO with an Al/F enriched and spinel reinforced surface structure. We reveal that the rolling can more or less introduce risk of grain-boundary-cracking (GBC) inside the HV-LCO and accelerate the capacity decay when cycled at 3-4.6 V vs Li/Li+. In particular, the concept of interface structure is proposed to explain the reason for the deteriorated cycle stability. As the GBC is generated, the interface structure of HV-LCO alters from a surface spinel phase to a hybrid of surface spinel plus boundary layer phases, leading to the exposure of some the nonprotective layer phase against the electrolyte. This alternation causes serious bulk structure damage upon cycles, including expanding GBC among the primary crystals, forming intragranular cracks and inactive spinel phases inside the bulk regions, etc., eventually leading to the deteriorated cycle stability. Above all, we realize that it is far from enough to achieve a eligible high-voltage LCO via only applying surface modification. This work provides a new insight for developing more advanced LCO cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocong Yi
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Du
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Fang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hengyu Ren
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wenguang Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qinghe Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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33
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Zhao H, Deng HD, Cohen AE, Lim J, Li Y, Fraggedakis D, Jiang B, Storey BD, Chueh WC, Braatz RD, Bazant MZ. Learning heterogeneous reaction kinetics from X-ray videos pixel by pixel. Nature 2023; 621:289-294. [PMID: 37704764 PMCID: PMC10499602 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Reaction rates at spatially heterogeneous, unstable interfaces are notoriously difficult to quantify, yet are essential in engineering many chemical systems, such as batteries1 and electrocatalysts2. Experimental characterizations of such materials by operando microscopy produce rich image datasets3-6, but data-driven methods to learn physics from these images are still lacking because of the complex coupling of reaction kinetics, surface chemistry and phase separation7. Here we show that heterogeneous reaction kinetics can be learned from in situ scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) images of carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate (LFP) nanoparticles. Combining a large dataset of STXM images with a thermodynamically consistent electrochemical phase-field model, partial differential equation (PDE)-constrained optimization and uncertainty quantification, we extract the free-energy landscape and reaction kinetics and verify their consistency with theoretical models. We also simultaneously learn the spatial heterogeneity of the reaction rate, which closely matches the carbon-coating thickness profiles obtained through Auger electron microscopy (AEM). Across 180,000 image pixels, the mean discrepancy with the learned model is remarkably small (<7%) and comparable with experimental noise. Our results open the possibility of learning nonequilibrium material properties beyond the reach of traditional experimental methods and offer a new non-destructive technique for characterizing and optimizing heterogeneous reactive surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Haitao Dean Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander E Cohen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jongwoo Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yiyang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dimitrios Fraggedakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benben Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - William C Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Richard D Braatz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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34
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Pandya R, Mathieson A, Boruah BD, de Aguiar HB, de Volder M. Interrogating the Light-Induced Charging Mechanism in Li-Ion Batteries Using Operando Optical Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7288-7296. [PMID: 37552026 PMCID: PMC10450808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Photobatteries, batteries with a light-sensitive electrode, have recently been proposed as a way of simultaneously capturing and storing solar energy in a single device. Despite reports of photocharging with multiple different electrode materials, the overall mechanism of operation remains poorly understood. Here, we use operando optical reflection microscopy to investigate light-induced charging in LixV2O5 electrodes. We image the electrode, at the single-particle level, under three conditions: (a) with a closed circuit and light but no electronic power source (photocharging), (b) during galvanostatic cycling with light (photoenhanced), and (c) with heat but no light (thermal). We demonstrate that light can indeed drive lithiation changes in LixV2O5 while maintaining charge neutrality, possibly via a combination of faradaic and nonfaradaic effects taking place in individual particles. Our results provide an addition to the photobattery mechanistic model highlighting that both intercalation-based charging and lithium concentration polarization effects contribute to the increased photocharging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pandya
- Laboratoire
Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Angus Mathieson
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Buddha Deka Boruah
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
- Institute
for Materials Discovery, University College
London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Hilton B. de Aguiar
- Laboratoire
Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michael de Volder
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
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35
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Ruff Z, Coates CS, Märker K, Mahadevegowda A, Xu C, Penrod ME, Ducati C, Grey CP. O3 to O1 Phase Transitions in Highly Delithiated NMC811 at Elevated Temperatures. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:4979-4987. [PMID: 37456596 PMCID: PMC10339451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes such as NMC811 (LixNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2) currently have the highest practical capacities of cathodes used commercially, approaching 200 mAh/g. Lithium is removed from NMC811 via a solid-solution behavior when delithiated to xLi > 0.10, maintaining the same layered (O3 structure) throughout as observed via operando diffraction measurements. Although it is possible to further delithiate NMC811, it is kinetically challenging, and there are significant side reactions between the electrolyte and cathode surface. Here, small format, NMC811-graphite pouch cells were charged to high voltages at elevated temperatures and held for days to access high states of delithiation. Rietveld refinements on high-resolution diffraction data and indexing of selected area electron diffraction patterns, both acquired ex situ, show that NMC811 undergoes a partial and reversible transition from the O3 to the O1 phase under these conditions. The O1 phase fraction depends not only on the concentration of intercalated lithium but also on the hold temperature and hold time, indicating that the phase transition is kinetically controlled. 1H NMR spectroscopy shows that the proton concentration decreases with O1 phase fraction and is not, therefore, likely to be driving the O3-O1 phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Ruff
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell
Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11
0RA, U.K.
| | - Chloe S. Coates
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Katharina Märker
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell
Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11
0RA, U.K.
| | - Amoghavarsha Mahadevegowda
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles
Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Chao Xu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell
Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11
0RA, U.K.
| | - Megan E. Penrod
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell
Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11
0RA, U.K.
| | - Caterina Ducati
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles
Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Clare P. Grey
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell
Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11
0RA, U.K.
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36
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Zhao L, Yan P, Liu T, Wang X, Wang Z, Wu C, Bao W, Zhu H, Zhang Y, Xie J. Temperature-Driven Anisotropic Mg 2+ Doping for a Pillared LiCoO 2 Interlayer Surface in High-Voltage Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37379244 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
High-voltage lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) has the highest volumetric energy density among commercial cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries due to its high working voltage and compacted density. However, under high voltage (4.6 V), the capacity of LiCoO2 fades rapidly due to parasitic reactions of high-valent cobalt with the electrolyte and the loss of lattice oxygen at the interface. In this study, we report a temperature-driven anisotropic doping phenomenon of Mg2+ that results in surface-populated Mg2+ doping to the side of the (003) plane of LiCoO2. Mg2+ dopants enter the Li+ sites, lower the valence state of Co ions with less hybridization between the O 2p and Co 3d orbitals, promote the formation of surface Li+/Co2+ anti-sites, and suppress lattice oxygen loss on the surface. As a result, the modified LiCoO2 demonstrates excellent cycling performance under 4.6 V, reaching an energy density of 911.2 Wh/kg at 0.1C and retaining 92.7% (184.3 mAh g-1) of its capacity after 100 cycles at 1C. Our results highlight a promising avenue for enhancing the electrochemical performance of LiCoO2 by anisotropic surface doping with Mg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianqi Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Pu Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tianying Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xingzhi Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Cong Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenda Bao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Haiyin Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jin Xie
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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37
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Godeffroy L, Makogon A, Gam Derouich S, Kanoufi F, Shkirskiy V. Imaging and Quantifying the Chemical Communication between Single Particles in Metal Alloys. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37327768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The communication within particle agglomerates in industrial alloys can have a significant impact on the macroscopic reactivity, putting a high demand on the adaptation of wide-field methodologies to clarify this phenomenon. In this work, we report the application of correlated optical microscopies probing operando both local pH and local surface chemical transformation correlated with identical location scanning electron microscopy to quantify in situ the structure reactivity of particle agglomerates of foreign elements in the Al alloy. The optical operando analyses allow us (i) to reveal and quantify the local production of OH- from proton and oxygen reduction at individual Si- or Fe-rich microparticles and (ii) to quantify (and model) the chemical communication between these active sites, within a few micrometer range, on the local chemical transformation of the material. Wide-field image analysis highlights the statistical importance of chemical communication that may introduce a new conceptual framework for the understanding of the mechanisms in related fields of charge transfer, electrocatalysis, and corrosion.
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38
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McClelland I, Booth SG, Anthonisamy NN, Middlemiss LA, Pérez GE, Cussen EJ, Baker PJ, Cussen SA. Direct Observation of Dynamic Lithium Diffusion Behavior in Nickel-Rich, LiNi 0.8Mn 0.1Co 0.1O 2 (NMC811) Cathodes Using Operando Muon Spectroscopy. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:4149-4158. [PMID: 37332678 PMCID: PMC10268956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c03834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ni-rich layered oxide cathode materials such as LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) are widely tipped as the next-generation cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. The NMC class offers high capacities but suffers an irreversible first cycle capacity loss, a result of slow Li+ diffusion kinetics at a low state of charge. Understanding the origin of these kinetic hindrances to Li+ mobility inside the cathode is vital to negate the first cycle capacity loss in future materials design. Here, we report on the development of operando muon spectroscopy (μSR) to probe the Å-length scale Li+ ion diffusion in NMC811 during its first cycle and how this can be compared to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). Volume-averaged muon implantation enables measurements that are largely unaffected by interface/surface effects, thus providing a specific characterization of the fundamental bulk properties to complement surface-dominated electrochemical methods. First cycle measurements show that the bulk Li+ mobility is less affected than the surface Li+ mobility at full depth of discharge, indicating that sluggish surface diffusion is the likely cause of first cycle irreversible capacity loss. Additionally, we demonstrate that trends in the nuclear field distribution width of the implanted muons during cycling correlate with those observed in differential capacity, suggesting the sensitivity of this μSR parameter to structural changes during cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innes McClelland
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council,
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel G. Booth
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Nirmalesh N. Anthonisamy
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence A. Middlemiss
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel E. Pérez
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council,
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund J. Cussen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Baker
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council,
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Serena A. Cussen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
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39
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Zhang L, Fan H, Dang Y, Zhuang Q, Arandiyan H, Wang Y, Cheng N, Sun H, Pérez Garza HH, Zheng R, Wang Z, S Mofarah S, Koshy P, Bhargava SK, Cui Y, Shao Z, Liu Y. Recent advances in in situ and operando characterization techniques for Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12-based solid-state lithium batteries. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1479-1538. [PMID: 37040188 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO)-based solid-state Li batteries (SSLBs) have emerged as one of the most promising energy storage systems due to the potential advantages of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), such as ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, chemical stability and electrochemical stability. However, there remain several scientific and technical obstacles that need to be tackled before they can be commercialised. The main issues include the degradation and deterioration of SSEs and electrode materials, ambiguity in the Li+ migration routes in SSEs, and interface compatibility between SSEs and electrodes during the charging and discharging processes. Using conventional ex situ characterization techniques to unravel the reasons that lead to these adverse results often requires disassembly of the battery after operation. The sample may be contaminated during the disassembly process, resulting in changes in the material properties within the battery. In contrast, in situ/operando characterization techniques can capture dynamic information during cycling, enabling real-time monitoring of batteries. Therefore, in this review, we briefly illustrate the key challenges currently faced by LLZO-based SSLBs, review recent efforts to study LLZO-based SSLBs using various in situ/operando microscopy and spectroscopy techniques, and elaborate on the capabilities and limitations of these in situ/operando techniques. This review paper not only presents the current challenges but also outlines future developmental prospects for the practical implementation of LLZO-based SSLBs. By identifying and addressing the remaining challenges, this review aims to enhance the comprehensive understanding of LLZO-based SSLBs. Additionally, in situ/operando characterization techniques are highlighted as a promising avenue for future research. The findings presented here can serve as a reference for battery research and provide valuable insights for the development of different types of solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Huilin Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yuzhen Dang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Quanchao Zhuang
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Hamidreza Arandiyan
- Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis for Sustainability, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Melbourne, Vic 3125, Australia
| | - Ningyan Cheng
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- DENSsolutions B.V., Informaticalaan 12, 2628 ZD Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Runguo Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Sajjad S Mofarah
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Pramod Koshy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Yanhua Cui
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Zongping Shao
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Yanguo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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40
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Tetteh EB, Valavanis D, Daviddi E, Xu X, Santana Santos C, Ventosa E, Martín-Yerga D, Schuhmann W, Unwin PR. Fast Li-ion Storage and Dynamics in TiO 2 Nanoparticle Clusters Probed by Smart Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214493. [PMID: 36469735 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anatase TiO2 is a promising material for Li-ion (Li+ ) batteries with fast charging capability. However, Li+ (de)intercalation dynamics in TiO2 remain elusive and reported diffusivities span many orders of magnitude. Here, we develop a smart protocol for scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) with in situ optical microscopy (OM) to enable the high-throughput charge/discharge analysis of single TiO2 nanoparticle clusters. Directly probing active nanoparticles revealed that TiO2 with a size of ≈50 nm can store over 30 % of the theoretical capacity at an extremely fast charge/discharge rate of ≈100 C. This finding of fast Li+ storage in TiO2 particles strengthens its potential for fast-charging batteries. More generally, smart SECCM-OM should find wide applications for high-throughput electrochemical screening of nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Batsa Tetteh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK.,Analytical Chemistry-, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Enrico Daviddi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
| | - Carla Santana Santos
- Analytical Chemistry-, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Edgar Ventosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | | | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
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41
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Zhang Y, Nguyen M, Schnedermann C, Keene ST, Jacobs I, Rao A, Sirringhaus H. Transmission-based charge modulation microscopy on conjugated polymer blend field-effect transistors. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:034201. [PMID: 36681638 DOI: 10.1063/5.0132426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge modulation microscopy (CMM) is an electro-optical method that is capable of mapping the spatial distribution of induced charges in an organic field-effect transistor (OFET). Here, we report a new (and simple) implementation of CMM in transmission geometry with camera-based imaging. A significant improvement in data acquisition speed (by at least an order of magnitude) has been achieved while preserving the spatial and spectral resolution. To demonstrate the capability of the system, we measured the spatial distribution of the induced charges in an OFET with a polymer blend of indacenodithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole and poly-vinylcarbazole that shows micrometer-scale phase separation. We were able to resolve spatial variations in the accumulated charge density on a length scale of 500 nm. We demonstrated through a careful spectral analysis that the measured signal is a genuine charge accumulation signal that is not dominated by optical artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Malgorzata Nguyen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Scott T Keene
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Jacobs
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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42
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Xu X, Valavanis D, Ciocci P, Confederat S, Marcuccio F, Lemineur JF, Actis P, Kanoufi F, Unwin PR. The New Era of High-Throughput Nanoelectrochemistry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:319-356. [PMID: 36625121 PMCID: PMC9835065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | - Paolo Ciocci
- Université
Paris Cité, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Samuel Confederat
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Fabio Marcuccio
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Faculty
of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paolo Actis
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | | | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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43
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Chen W, Zhan X, Yuan R, Pidaparthy S, Yong AXB, An H, Tang Z, Yin K, Patra A, Jeong H, Zhang C, Ta K, Riedel ZW, Stephens RM, Shoemaker DP, Yang H, Gewirth AA, Braun PV, Ertekin E, Zuo JM, Chen Q. Formation and impact of nanoscopic oriented phase domains in electrochemical crystalline electrodes. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:92-99. [PMID: 36280702 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical phase transformation in ion-insertion crystalline electrodes is accompanied by compositional and structural changes, including the microstructural development of oriented phase domains. Previous studies have identified prevailingly transformation heterogeneities associated with diffusion- or reaction-limited mechanisms. In comparison, transformation-induced domains and their microstructure resulting from the loss of symmetry elements remain unexplored, despite their general importance in alloys and ceramics. Here, we map the formation of oriented phase domains and the development of strain gradient quantitatively during the electrochemical ion-insertion process. A collocated four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy approach, coupled with data mining, enables the study. Results show that in our model system of cubic spinel MnO2 nanoparticles their phase transformation upon Mg2+ insertion leads to the formation of domains of similar chemical identity but different orientations at nanometre length scale, following the nucleation, growth and coalescence process. Electrolytes have a substantial impact on the transformation microstructure ('island' versus 'archipelago'). Further, large strain gradients build up from the development of phase domains across their boundaries with high impact on the chemical diffusion coefficient by a factor of ten or more. Our findings thus provide critical insights into the microstructure formation mechanism and its impact on the ion-insertion process, suggesting new rules of transformation structure control for energy storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Xun Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Renliang Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Saran Pidaparthy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Adrian Xiao Bin Yong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hyosung An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zhichu Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kaijun Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Arghya Patra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Heonjae Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kim Ta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Zachary W Riedel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ryan M Stephens
- Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel P Shoemaker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hong Yang
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Andrew A Gewirth
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Paul V Braun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Elif Ertekin
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jian-Min Zuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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44
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Coherent correlation imaging for resolving fluctuating states of matter. Nature 2023; 614:256-261. [PMID: 36653456 PMCID: PMC9908557 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations and stochastic transitions are ubiquitous in nanometre-scale systems, especially in the presence of disorder. However, their direct observation has so far been impeded by a seemingly fundamental, signal-limited compromise between spatial and temporal resolution. Here we develop coherent correlation imaging (CCI) to overcome this dilemma. Our method begins by classifying recorded camera frames in Fourier space. Contrast and spatial resolution emerge by averaging selectively over same-state frames. Temporal resolution down to the acquisition time of a single frame arises independently from an exceptionally low misclassification rate, which we achieve by combining a correlation-based similarity metric1,2 with a modified, iterative hierarchical clustering algorithm3,4. We apply CCI to study previously inaccessible magnetic fluctuations in a highly degenerate magnetic stripe domain state with nanometre-scale resolution. We uncover an intricate network of transitions between more than 30 discrete states. Our spatiotemporal data enable us to reconstruct the pinning energy landscape and to thereby explain the dynamics observed on a microscopic level. CCI massively expands the potential of emerging high-coherence X-ray sources and paves the way for addressing large fundamental questions such as the contribution of pinning5-8 and topology9-12 in phase transitions and the role of spin and charge order fluctuations in high-temperature superconductivity13,14.
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45
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Pagot G, Di Noto V, Vezzù K, Barbiellini B, Toso V, Caruso A, Zheng M, Li X, Ferragut R. Quantum view of Li-ion high mobility at carbon-coated cathode interfaces. iScience 2022; 26:105794. [PMID: 36594017 PMCID: PMC9803833 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are among the most promising power sources for electric vehicles, portable electronics and smart grids. In LIBs, the cathode is a major bottleneck, with a particular reference to its low electrical conductivity and Li-ion diffusivity. The coating with carbon layers is generally employed to enhance the electrical conductivity and to protect the active material from degradation during operation. Here, we demonstrate that this layer has a primary role in the lithium diffusivity into the cathode nanoparticles. Positron is a useful quantum probe at the electroactive materials/carbon interface to sense the mobility of Li-ion. Broadband electrical spectroscopy demonstrates that only a small number of Li-ions are moving, and that their diffusion strongly depends on the type of carbon additive. Positron annihilation and broadband electrical spectroscopies are crucial complementary tools to investigate the electronic effect of the carbon phase on the cathode performance and Li-ion dynamics in electroactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioele Pagot
- Section of Chemistry for the Technology (ChemTech), Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy,Corresponding author
| | - Vito Di Noto
- Section of Chemistry for the Technology (ChemTech), Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy,Corresponding author
| | - Keti Vezzù
- Section of Chemistry for the Technology (ChemTech), Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Bernardo Barbiellini
- Physics Department, School of Engineering Science, LUT-University, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland,Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Valerio Toso
- L-NESS and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy,INFN Milan Unit, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Caruso
- L-NESS and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Meiying Zheng
- Physics Department, School of Engineering Science, LUT-University, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland,L-NESS and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Xin Li
- Physics Department, School of Engineering Science, LUT-University, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland,L-NESS and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Rafael Ferragut
- L-NESS and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy,INFN Milan Unit, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy,Corresponding author
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46
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Zeng C, Liang J, Cui C, Zhai T, Li H. Dynamic Investigation of Battery Materials via Advanced Visualization: From Particle, Electrode to Cell Level. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200777. [PMID: 35363408 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Li-ion batteries, the most-popular secondary battery, are typically electrochemical systems controlled by ion-insertion dynamics. The battery dynamics involve mass transport, charge transfer, ion-electron coupled reactions, electrolyte penetration, ion solvation, and interfacial evolution. However, it is difficult for the traditional electrochemical methods to capture the accurate and individual details of the dynamic processes in "black box" batteries; instead, only the net result of multi-factors on the whole scale. Recently, different advanced visualization techniques have been developed, which provide powerful tools to track and monitor the internal real-time dynamic processes, giving intuitive details and fine information at various scales from crystal lattice, single particle, electrode to cell level. Here, the recent progress on the investigation of electrochemical dynamics in battery materials are reviewed, via developed techniques across wide timescales and space-scales, including the dynamic process inside the active particle, kinetics issues at the electrode/electrolyte interface, dynamic inhomogeneity in the electrode, and dynamic transportation at the cell level. Finally, the fundamental principles to improve the battery dynamics are summarized and new technologies for future more stringent conditions are highlighted. In prospect, this review opens sight on the battery interior for a clearer, deeper, and more thorough understanding of the dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Can Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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47
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Guo H, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Liu G, Song Y, Wan J, Jiang K, Guo Y, Sun X, Wen R. Surface Degradation of Single‐crystalline Ni‐rich Cathode and Regulation Mechanism by Atomic Layer Deposition in Solid‐State Lithium Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211626. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui‐Juan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yipeng Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Ontario London Ontario, N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Ontario London Ontario, N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Gui‐Xian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yue‐Xian Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Ke‐Cheng Jiang
- Dongguan TAFEL New Energy Technology Company, Limited Dongguan 523000 P.R. China
| | - Yu‐Guo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Ontario London Ontario, N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Rui Wen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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48
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Santos DA, Andrews JL, Lin B, De Jesus LR, Luo Y, Pas S, Gross MA, Carillo L, Stein P, Ding Y, Xu BX, Banerjee S. Multivariate hyperspectral data analytics across length scales to probe compositional, phase, and strain heterogeneities in electrode materials. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 3:100634. [PMID: 36569543 PMCID: PMC9768684 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2022.100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The origins of performance degradation in batteries can be traced to atomistic phenomena, accumulated at mesoscale dimensions, and compounded up to the level of electrode architectures. Hyperspectral X-ray spectromicroscopy techniques allow for the mapping of compositional variations, and phase separation across length scales with high spatial and energy resolution. We demonstrate the design of workflows combining singular value decomposition, principal-component analysis, k-means clustering, and linear combination fitting, in conjunction with a curated spectral database, to develop high-accuracy quantitative compositional maps of the effective depth of discharge across individual positive electrode particles and ensembles of particles. Using curated reference spectra, accurate and quantitative mapping of inter- and intraparticle compositional heterogeneities, phase separation, and stress gradients is achieved for a canonical phase-transforming positive electrode material, α-V2O5. Phase maps from single-particle measurements are used to reconstruct directional stress profiles showcasing the distinctive insights accessible from a standards-informed application of high-dimensional chemical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA
| | - Justin L. Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Binbin Lin
- Institute of Materials Science, Mechanics of Functional Materials, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Luis R. De Jesus
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA
| | - Yuting Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA
| | - Savannah Pas
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA
| | - Michelle A. Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA
| | - Luis Carillo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA
| | - Peter Stein
- Institute of Materials Science, Mechanics of Functional Materials, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA
| | - Bai-Xiang Xu
- Institute of Materials Science, Mechanics of Functional Materials, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany,Corresponding author
| | - Sarbajit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA,Corresponding author
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49
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Huang W, Xiang X, Jin L, He Y. Oscillatory Reaction Activity of Single Cuprous Oxide Microparticles with NO 2. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10342-10349. [PMID: 36314659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on using dark-field microscopy (DFM) as a simple and low-cost imaging platform to visually resolve the kinetics of single cuprous oxide (Cu2O) microparticles for NO2 removal in a real-time manner. Unexpectedly, we find that the redox reaction between Cu2O microparticles and NO2 is oscillating with the reaction time. Specifically, the oscillatory behavior of single Cu2O microparticles for NO2 reduction shows a large particle-to-particle variability, which is also dependent upon the NO2 pressure and Cu2O facets. A combined DFM imaging, spectroscopic, scanning electron microscopy, and density functional theory study uncovers that Cu2O is gradually transformed to copper nitrate hydroxide [Cu2(NO3)(OH)3], and this oscillatory reaction is attributed to the cyclic formation and structural collapse of Cu2(NO3)(OH)3. The present findings open an alternative avenue for probing structure-performance relationships, which are anticipated to benefit the creation of functional materials for air purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Xiang
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyue Jin
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi He
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, People's Republic of China
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50
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Ding L, Shan X, Wang D, Liu B, Du Z, Di X, Chen C, Maddahfar M, Zhang L, Shi Y, Reece P, Halkon B, Aharonovich I, Xu X, Wang F. Lanthanide Ion Resonance-Driven Rayleigh Scattering of Nanoparticles for Dual-Modality Interferometric Scattering Microscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203354. [PMID: 35975425 PMCID: PMC9661846 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light scattering from nanoparticles is significant in nanoscale imaging, photon confinement. and biosensing. However, engineering the scattering spectrum, traditionally by modifying the geometric feature of particles, requires synthesis and fabrication with nanometre accuracy. Here it is reported that doping lanthanide ions can engineer the scattering properties of low-refractive-index nanoparticles. When the excitation wavelength matches the ion resonance frequency of lanthanide ions, the polarizability and the resulted scattering cross-section of nanoparticles are dramatically enhanced. It is demonstrated that these purposely engineered nanoparticles can be used for interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy. Conceptually, a dual-modality iSCAT microscopy is further developed to identify different nanoparticle types in living HeLa cells. The work provides insight into engineering the scattering features by doping elements in nanomaterials, further inspiring exploration of the geometry-independent scattering modulation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
- School of Electrical and Data EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Xuchen Shan
- School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
- School of Electrical and Data EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
- School of PhysicsBeihang UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Dejiang Wang
- School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Baolei Liu
- School of PhysicsBeihang UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Ziqing Du
- School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Xiangjun Di
- School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Chaohao Chen
- School of Electrical and Data EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Mahnaz Maddahfar
- School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Electrical and Data EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Yuzhi Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano FabricationDepartment of Micro/Nano ElectronicsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Peter Reece
- School of PhysicsThe University of New South WalesKensingtonNew South Wales2033Australia
| | - Benjamin Halkon
- Centre for Audio, Acoustics & VibrationFaculty of Engineering & ITUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Igor Aharonovich
- School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta‐Optical Systems (TMOS)Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Electrical and Data EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South Wales2007Australia
- School of PhysicsBeihang UniversityBeijing100191China
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