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Cerneckis J, Cai H, Shi Y. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): molecular mechanisms of induction and applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:112. [PMID: 38670977 PMCID: PMC11053163 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has transformed in vitro research and holds great promise to advance regenerative medicine. iPSCs have the capacity for an almost unlimited expansion, are amenable to genetic engineering, and can be differentiated into most somatic cell types. iPSCs have been widely applied to model human development and diseases, perform drug screening, and develop cell therapies. In this review, we outline key developments in the iPSC field and highlight the immense versatility of the iPSC technology for in vitro modeling and therapeutic applications. We begin by discussing the pivotal discoveries that revealed the potential of a somatic cell nucleus for reprogramming and led to successful generation of iPSCs. We consider the molecular mechanisms and dynamics of somatic cell reprogramming as well as the numerous methods available to induce pluripotency. Subsequently, we discuss various iPSC-based cellular models, from mono-cultures of a single cell type to complex three-dimensional organoids, and how these models can be applied to elucidate the mechanisms of human development and diseases. We use examples of neurological disorders, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and cancer to highlight the diversity of disease-specific phenotypes that can be modeled using iPSC-derived cells. We also consider how iPSC-derived cellular models can be used in high-throughput drug screening and drug toxicity studies. Finally, we discuss the process of developing autologous and allogeneic iPSC-based cell therapies and their potential to alleviate human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cerneckis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Hongxia Cai
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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Matsumoto R, Enzhi Y, Takeda K, Morimoto K, Yogo K, Harada M, Tokushige K, Maehara Y, Hirota S, Kojima Y, Ito M, Sougawa N, Miyagawa S, Sawa Y, Okumura K, Uchida K. CD8 + T cell-mediated rejection of allogenic human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte sheets in human PBMC-transferred NOG MHC double knockout mice. J Heart Lung Transplant 2024:S1053-2498(24)01564-X. [PMID: 38657776 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) has emerged as a promising therapy to treat end-stage heart failure. However, the immunogenicity of hiPS-CMs in transplanted patients has not been fully elucidated. Thus, in vivo models are required to estimate immune responses against hiPS-CMs in transplant recipients. METHODS We transferred human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) into NOD/Shi-scid IL-2rgnull (NOG) MHC class I/II double knockout (NOG-ΔMHC) mice, which were reported to accept hPBMCs without xenogeneic-graft-versus-host disease (xeno-GVHD). Then, hiPS-CM sheets generated from the hiPS cell line 201B7 harboring a luciferase transgene were transplanted into the subcutaneous space of NOG-ΔMHC mice. Graft survival was monitored by bioluminescent images using a Xenogen In Vivo Imaging System. RESULTS The human immune cells were engrafted for more than 3 months in NOG-ΔMHC mice without lethal xeno-GVHD. The hiPS-CMs expressed a moderate level of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-class I, but not HLA-class II, molecules even after interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) stimulation. Consistently, the allogenic IFN-γ-treated hiPS-CMs induced weak CD8+ but not CD4+ T cell responses in vitro. hiPS-CM sheets disappeared approximately 17 to 24 days after transplantation in hPBMC-transferred NOG-ΔMHC mice, and CD8+ T cell depletion significantly prolonged graft survival, similar to what was observed following tacrolimus treatment. CONCLUSIONS hiPS-CMs are less immunogenic in vitro but induce sufficient CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses for graft rejection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Matsumoto
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yin Enzhi
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kodai Morimoto
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yogo
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Harada
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Tokushige
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Maehara
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Hirota
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kojima
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ito
- Liver Engineering Laboratory, Department of Applied Research for Laboratory Animals, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nagako Sougawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Physiology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Uchida
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Bovi Dos Santos G, de Lima-Vasconcellos TH, Móvio MI, Birbrair A, Del Debbio CB, Kihara AH. New Perspectives in Stem Cell Transplantation and Associated Therapies to Treat Retinal Diseases: From Gene Editing to 3D Bioprinting. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:722-737. [PMID: 38319527 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Inherited and non-inherited retinopathies can affect distinct cell types, leading to progressive cell death and visual loss. In the last years, new approaches have indicated exciting opportunities to treat retinopathies. Cell therapy in retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular disease, and glaucoma have yielded encouraging results in rodents and humans. The first two diseases mainly impact the photoreceptors and the retinal pigmented epithelium, while glaucoma primarily affects the ganglion cell layer. Induced pluripotent stem cells and multipotent stem cells can be differentiated in vitro to obtain specific cell types for use in transplant as well as to assess the impact of candidate molecules aimed at treating retinal degeneration. Moreover, stem cell therapy is presented in combination with newly developed methods, such as gene editing, Müller cells dedifferentiation, sheet & drug delivery, virus-like particles, optogenetics, and 3D bioprinting. This review describes the recent advances in this field, by presenting an updated panel based on cell transplants and related therapies to treat retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrieli Bovi Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marília Inês Móvio
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Rm 4385, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Carolina Beltrame Del Debbio
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Hiroaki Kihara
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
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Dobner J, Nguyen T, Dunkel A, Prigione A, Krutmann J, Rossi A. Mitochondrial DNA integrity and metabolome profile are preserved in the human induced pluripotent stem cell reference line KOLF2.1J. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:343-350. [PMID: 38402620 PMCID: PMC10937150 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Quality control of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is critical to ensure reproducibility of research. Recently, KOLF2.1J was characterized and published as a male iPSC reference line to study neurological disorders. Emerging evidence suggests potential negative effects of mtDNA mutations, but its integrity was not analyzed in the original publication. To assess mtDNA integrity, we conducted a targeted mtDNA analysis followed by untargeted metabolomics analysis. We found that KOLF2.1J mtDNA integrity was intact at the time of publication and is still preserved in the commercially distributed cell line. In addition, the basal KOLF2.1J metabolome profile was similar to that of the two commercially available iPSC lines IMR90 and iPSC12, but clearly distinct from an in-house-generated ERCC6R683X/R683X iPSC line modeling Cockayne syndrome. Conclusively, we validate KOLF2.1J as a reference iPSC line, and encourage scientists to conduct mtDNA analysis and unbiased metabolomics whenever feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Dobner
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF)-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Thach Nguyen
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF)-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF)-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF)-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Hadzimustafic N, D’Elia A, Shamoun V, Haykal S. Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1863. [PMID: 38339142 PMCID: PMC10855589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of plastic and reconstructive surgery is restoring form and function. Historically, tissue procured from healthy portions of a patient's body has been used to fill defects, but this is limited by tissue availability. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are stem cells derived from the de-differentiation of mature somatic cells. hiPSCs are of particular interest in plastic surgery as they have the capacity to be re-differentiated into more mature cells, and cultured to grow tissues. This review aims to evaluate the applications of hiPSCs in the plastic surgery context, with a focus on recent advances and limitations. The use of hiPSCs and non-human iPSCs has been researched in the context of skin, nerve, vasculature, skeletal muscle, cartilage, and bone regeneration. hiPSCs offer a future for regenerated autologous skin grafts, flaps comprised of various tissue types, and whole functional units such as the face and limbs. Also, they can be used to model diseases affecting tissues of interest in plastic surgery, such as skin cancers, epidermolysis bullosa, and scleroderma. Tumorigenicity, immunogenicity and pragmatism still pose significant limitations. Further research is required to identify appropriate somatic origin and induction techniques to harness the epigenetic memory of hiPSCs or identify methods to manipulate epigenetic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hadzimustafic
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (N.H.); (A.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Andrew D’Elia
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (N.H.); (A.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Valentina Shamoun
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (N.H.); (A.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Siba Haykal
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
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Martini L, Mandoli GE, Pastore MC, Pagliaro A, Bernazzali S, Maccherini M, Henein M, Cameli M. Heart transplantation and biomarkers: a review about their usefulness in clinical practice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1336011. [PMID: 38327491 PMCID: PMC10847311 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1336011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced heart failure (AdvHF) can only be treated definitively by heart transplantation (HTx), yet problems such right ventricle dysfunction (RVD), rejection, cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), and primary graft dysfunction (PGD) are linked to a poor prognosis. As a result, numerous biomarkers have been investigated in an effort to identify and prevent certain diseases sooner. We looked at both established biomarkers, such as NT-proBNP, hs-troponins, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and newer ones, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), donor specific antibodies (DSA), gene expression profile (GEP), donor-derived cell free DNA (dd-cfDNA), microRNA (miRNA), and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2). These biomarkers are typically linked to complications from HTX. We also highlight the relationships between each biomarker and one or more problems, as well as their applicability in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Martini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - G. E. Mandoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - M. C. Pastore
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - A. Pagliaro
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - S. Bernazzali
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - M. Maccherini
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - M. Henein
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M. Cameli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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7
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El Nahas R, Al-Aghbar MA, Herrero L, van Panhuys N, Espino-Guarch M. Applications of Genome-Editing Technologies for Type 1 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:344. [PMID: 38203514 PMCID: PMC10778854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells by the immune system. Although conventional therapeutic modalities, such as insulin injection, remain a mainstay, recent years have witnessed the emergence of novel treatment approaches encompassing immunomodulatory therapies, such as stem cell and β-cell transplantation, along with revolutionary gene-editing techniques. Notably, recent research endeavors have enabled the reshaping of the T-cell repertoire, leading to the prevention of T1D development. Furthermore, CRISPR-Cas9 technology has demonstrated remarkable potential in targeting endogenous gene activation, ushering in a promising avenue for the precise guidance of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) toward differentiation into insulin-producing cells. This innovative approach holds substantial promise for the treatment of T1D. In this review, we focus on studies that have developed T1D models and treatments using gene-editing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana El Nahas
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (R.E.N.); (M.A.A.-A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mohammad Ameen Al-Aghbar
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (R.E.N.); (M.A.A.-A.)
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Nicholas van Panhuys
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (R.E.N.); (M.A.A.-A.)
| | - Meritxell Espino-Guarch
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (R.E.N.); (M.A.A.-A.)
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Chang SH, Park CG. Comparing the Benefits and Drawbacks of Stem Cell Therapy Based on the Cell Origin or Manipulation Process: Addressing Immunogenicity. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e44. [PMID: 38188600 PMCID: PMC10767552 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are effective in treating autoimmune diseases and managing various conditions, such as engraftment of allogeneic islets. Additionally, autologous and HLA-matched allogeneic MSCs can aid in the engraftment of human allogeneic kidneys with or without low doses of tacrolimus, respectively. However, HLA alloantigens are problematic because cell therapy uses more HLA-mismatched allogeneic cells than autologous for convenience and standardization. In particular, HLA-mismatched MSCs showed increased Ag-specific T/B cells and reduced viability faster than HLA-matched MSCs. In CRISPR/Cas9-based cell therapy, Cas9 induce T cell activation in the recipient's immune system. Interestingly, despite their immunogenicity being limited to the cells with foreign Ags, the accumulation of HLA alloantigen-sensitized T/B cells may lead to allograft rejection, suggesting that alloantigens may have a greater scope of adverse effects than foreign Ags. To avoid alloantigen recognition, the β2-microglobulin knockout (B2MKO) system, eliminating class-I MHC, was able to avoid rejection by alloreactive CD8 T cells compared to controls. Moreover, universal donor cells in which both B2M and Class II MHC transactivator (CIITA) were knocked out was more effective in avoiding immune rejection than single KO. However, B2MKO and CIITA KO system remain to be controlled and validated for adverse effects such as the development of tumorigenicity due to deficient Ag recognition by CD8 T and CD4 T cells, respectively. Overall, better HLA-matching or depletion of HLA alloantigens prior to cell therapy can reduce repetitive transplantation through the long-term survival of allogeneic cell therapy, which may be especially important for patients seeking allogeneic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Chang
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Chung Gyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Gravina A, Tediashvili G, Zheng Y, Iwabuchi KA, Peyrot SM, Roodsari SZ, Gargiulo L, Kaneko S, Osawa M, Schrepfer S, Deuse T. Synthetic immune checkpoint engagers protect HLA-deficient iPSCs and derivatives from innate immune cell cytotoxicity. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1538-1548.e4. [PMID: 37922880 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune rejection of allogeneic cell therapeutics remains a major problem for immuno-oncology and regenerative medicine. Allogeneic cell products so far have inferior persistence and efficacy when compared with autologous alternatives. Engineering of hypoimmune cells may greatly improve their therapeutic benefit. We present a new class of agonistic immune checkpoint engagers that protect human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-depleted induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (iECs) from innate immune cells. Engagers with agonistic functionality to their inhibitory receptors TIM3 and SIRPα effectively protect engineered iECs from natural killer (NK) cell and macrophage killing. The SIRPα engager can be combined with truncated CD64 to generate fully immune evasive iECs capable of escaping allogeneic cellular and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody-mediated rejection. Synthetic immune checkpoint engagers have high target specificity and lack retrograde signaling in the engineered cells. This modular design allows for the exploitation of more inhibitory immune pathways for immune evasion and could contribute to the advancement of allogeneic cell therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Gravina
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI)-Lab, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Grigol Tediashvili
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI)-Lab, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yueting Zheng
- Shinobi Therapeutics, 2 Tower Place, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kumiko A Iwabuchi
- Shinobi Therapeutics, 2 Tower Place, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sara M Peyrot
- Shinobi Therapeutics, 2 Tower Place, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Susan Z Roodsari
- Shinobi Therapeutics, 2 Tower Place, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lauren Gargiulo
- Shinobi Therapeutics, 2 Tower Place, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immunotherapy, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS cell Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Shinobi Therapeutics, Med-Pharm Collaboration Building 46-29, Yoshida-Shimo-Adachi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sonja Schrepfer
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI)-Lab, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tobias Deuse
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI)-Lab, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Qiu C, Sun Y, Li J, Zhou J, Xu Y, Qiu C, Yu K, Liu J, Jiang Y, Cui W, Wang G, Liu H, Yuan W, Jiang T, Kou Y, Ge Z, He Z, Zhang S, He Y, Yu L. A 3D-Printed Dual Driving Forces Scaffold with Self-Promoted Cell Absorption for Spinal Cord Injury Repair. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301639. [PMID: 37870182 PMCID: PMC10667844 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells play critical roles in cell therapies and tissue engineering for nerve repair. However, achieving effective delivery of high cell density remains a challenge. Here, a novel cell delivery platform termed the hyper expansion scaffold (HES) is developed to enable high cell loading. HES facilitated self-promoted and efficient cell absorption via a dual driving force model. In vitro tests revealed that the HES rapidly expanded 80-fold in size upon absorbing 2.6 million human amniotic epithelial stem cells (hAESCs) within 2 min, representing over a 400% increase in loading capacity versus controls. This enhanced uptake benefited from macroscopic swelling forces as well as microscale capillary action. In spinal cord injury (SCI) rats, HES-hAESCs promoted functional recovery and axonal projection by reducing neuroinflammation and improving the neurotrophic microenvironment surrounding the lesions. In summary, the dual driving forces model provides a new rationale for engineering hydrogel scaffolds to facilitate self-promoted cell absorption. The HES platform demonstrates great potential as a powerful and efficient vehicle for delivering high densities of hAESCs to promote clinical treatment and repair of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of CardiologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory of College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic SystemsSchool of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Jinying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of CardiologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory of College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of CardiologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory of College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Yuchen Xu
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced StudiesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Cong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of CardiologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory of College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Kang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic SystemsSchool of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of CardiologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory of College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Yuanqing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of CardiologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory of College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Wenyu Cui
- Eye Centerthe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310009China
| | | | - He Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of CardiologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory of College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Weixin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of CardiologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory of College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Tuoying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of CardiologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory of College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Yaohui Kou
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of CardiologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory of College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Zhen Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310013China
| | - Zhiying He
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200123China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghai200335China
| | - Shaomin Zhang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced StudiesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic SystemsSchool of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Luyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of CardiologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory of College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
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11
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Chen C, Guan MX. Induced pluripotent stem cells: ex vivo models for human diseases due to mitochondrial DNA mutations. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:82. [PMID: 37737178 PMCID: PMC10515435 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for cellular metabolism and physiology in eukaryotic cells. Human mitochondria have their own genome (mtDNA), which is maternally inherited with 37 genes, encoding 13 polypeptides for oxidative phosphorylation, and 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs for translation. mtDNA mutations are associated with a wide spectrum of degenerative and neuromuscular diseases. However, the pathophysiology of mitochondrial diseases, especially for threshold effect and tissue specificity, is not well understood and there is no effective treatment for these disorders. Especially, the lack of appropriate cell and animal disease models has been significant obstacles for deep elucidating the pathophysiology of maternally transmitted diseases and developing the effective therapy approach. The use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients to obtain terminally differentiated specific lineages such as inner ear hair cells is a revolutionary approach to deeply understand pathogenic mechanisms and develop the therapeutic interventions of mitochondrial disorders. Here, we review the recent advances in patients-derived iPSCs as ex vivo models for mitochondrial diseases. Those patients-derived iPSCs have been differentiated into specific targeting cells such as retinal ganglion cells and eventually organoid for the disease modeling. These disease models have advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of maternally inherited diseases and stepped toward therapeutic interventions for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Biomedicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Center for Mitochondrial Biomedicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Lab of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education of PRC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Li Y, Wang Y, Yang W, Wu Z, Ma D, Sun J, Tao H, Ye Q, Liu J, Ma Z, Qiu L, Li W, Li L, Hu M. ROS-responsive exogenous functional mitochondria can rescue neural cells post-ischemic stroke. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1207748. [PMID: 37465011 PMCID: PMC10350566 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1207748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The transfer of mitochondria from healthy mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to injured MSCs has been shown to have potential therapeutic benefits for neural cell post-ischemic stroke. Specifically, functional mitochondria can perform their normal functions after being internalized by stressed cells, leading to host cell survival. However, while this approach shows promise, there is still a lack of understanding regarding which neural cells can internalize functional mitochondria and the regulatory mechanisms involved. To address this gap, we investigated the ability of different neural cells to internalize exogenous functional mitochondria extracted from MSCs. Methods: Functional mitochondria (F-Mito) isolated from umbilical cord derived-MSCs (UCMSCs) were labeled with lentivirus of HBLV-mito-dsred-Null-PURO vector. The ability of stressed cells to internalize F-Mito was analyzed using a mouse (C57BL/6 J) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell model. The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 kit. Time-course of intracellular ROS levels in stressed cells were analyzed by DCFH-DA staining after OGD/R and F-Mito treatment. MitoSOX, Mitotracker and WGA labeling were used to assess the relationship between ROS levels and the uptake of F-Mito at the single-cell level. Pharmacological modulation of ROS was performed using acetylcysteine (ROS inhibitor). Results: Our findings demonstrate that neurons and endothelial cells are more effective at internalizing mitochondria than astrocytes, both in vitro and in vivo, using an ischemia-reperfusion model. Additionally, internalized F-Mito decreases host cell reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and rescues survival. Importantly, we found that the ROS response in stressed cells after ischemia is a crucial determinant in positively mediating the internalization of F-Mito by host cells, and inhibiting the generation of ROS chemicals in host cells may decrease the internalization of F-Mito. These results offer insight into how exogenous mitochondria rescue neural cells via ROS response in an ischemic stroke model. Overall, our study provides solid evidence for the translational application of MSC-derived mitochondria as a promising treatment for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases and Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yachao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Institute Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiqi Yang
- Department of Burn Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Yunnan Jici Institute for Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Daiping Ma
- Yunnan Jici Institute for Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Jianxiu Sun
- Yunnan Jici Institute for Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Huixian Tao
- Yunnan Jici Institute for Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Qinlian Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Institute Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingnan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical and Public Health School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxia Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases and Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases and Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liyan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Hu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases and Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Jici Institute for Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
- Shenzhen Zhendejici Pharmaceutical Research and Development Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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13
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Xue D, Lu S, Zhang H, Zhang L, Dai Z, Kaufman DS, Zhang J. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived engineered T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells in immunotherapy. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:907-922. [PMID: 36858941 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages (Macs), and dendritic cells (DCs) are among the most common sources for immune-cell-based therapies for cancer. Antitumor activity can be enhanced in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived immune cells by using iPSCs as a platform for stable genetic modifications that impact immuno-activating or -suppressive signaling pathways, such as transducing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or deletion of immunosuppressive checkpoint molecules. This review outlines the utility of four iPSC-derived immune-cell-based therapies, highlight the latest progress and future trends in the genome-editing strategies designed to improve efficacy, safety, and universality, and provides perspectives that compare different contexts in which each of these iPSC-derived immune cell types can be most effectively used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixuan Xue
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wen Yi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wen Yi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wen Yi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wen Yi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan S Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wen Yi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center of Gene/Cell Engineering and Genome Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Valantine HA. Applying Genomics to Unravel Health Disparities in Organ Transplantation: Paul I. Terasaki State-of-the-art Lecture; American Transplant Congress 2021. Transplantation 2023; 107:1258-1264. [PMID: 36584376 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An extensive body of research about team science provides empirical evidence that diverse teams outperform homogenous teams in creating more innovative solutions to complex problems. At the core of diverse and inclusive teams is a rich diversity of perspectives, experiences, and backgrounds that invite new questions and broaden the scope of research. Diverse perspectives are especially relevant for biomedicine, which seeks to find solutions for challenging problems affecting the human condition. It is essential that diversity and inclusion in biomedicine is prioritized as a key driver of innovation, both through the people who conduct the research and the science itself. Key questions have been articulated as important drivers for funding research: (1) Who is doing the science and who is building the tools? (2) What science and technology is being done and how? and (3) Who has access to the knowledge and benefits of scientific innovation? I will briefly review the empirical evidence supporting diversity as a powerful enhancer of the quality and outputs of research and clinical care. I offer my own research as a case study of incorporating a framework of diversity, equity, and inclusion into research that uses new emerging genomic tools for earlier and more precise diagnosis of organ transplant rejection. I will demonstrate how these same tools hold great promise for accelerating the discovery of hitherto unexplored mechanisms that drive the poor outcomes for African ancestry organ transplant recipients, which in turn will identify new diagnostics and therapeutic targets that benefit transplant recipients across all ancestries.
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15
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Temple S. Advancing cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:512-529. [PMID: 37084729 PMCID: PMC10201979 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are being developed for various neurodegenerative diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS). Concomitantly, the roles of individual cell types in neurodegenerative pathology are being uncovered by genetic and single-cell studies. With a greater understanding of cellular contributions to health and disease and with the arrival of promising approaches to modulate them, effective therapeutic cell products are now emerging. This review examines how the ability to generate diverse CNS cell types from stem cells, along with a deeper understanding of cell-type-specific functions and pathology, is advancing preclinical development of cell products for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Temple
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
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16
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Bogomiakova ME, Sekretova EK, Anufrieva KS, Khabarova PO, Kazakova AN, Bobrovsky PA, Grigoryeva TV, Eremeev AV, Lebedeva OS, Bogomazova AN, Lagarkova MA. iPSC-derived cells lack immune tolerance to autologous NK-cells due to imbalance in ligands for activating and inhibitory NK-cell receptors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:77. [PMID: 37038186 PMCID: PMC10088155 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dozens of transplants generated from pluripotent stem cells are currently in clinical trials. The creation of patient-specific iPSCs makes personalized therapy possible due to their main advantage of immunotolerance. However, some reports have claimed recently that aberrant gene expression followed by proteome alterations and neoantigen formation can result in iPSCs recognition by autologous T-cells. Meanwhile, the possibility of NK-cell activation has not been previously considered. This study focused on the comparison of autologous and allogeneic immune response to iPSC-derived cells and isogeneic parental somatic cells used for reprogramming. METHODS We established an isogeneic cell model consisting of parental dermal fibroblasts, fibroblast-like iPSC-derivatives (iPS-fibro) and iPS-fibro lacking beta-2-microglobulin (B2M). Using the cells obtained from two patients, we analyzed the activation of autologous and allogeneic T-lymphocytes and NK-cells co-cultured with target cells. RESULTS Here we report that cells differentiated from iPSCs can be recognized by NK-cells rather than by autologous T-cells. We observed that iPS-fibro elicited a high level of NK-cell degranulation and cytotoxicity, while isogeneic parental skin fibroblasts used to obtain iPSCs barely triggered an NK-cell response. iPSC-derivatives with B2M knockout did not cause an additional increase in NK-cell activation, although they were devoid of HLA-I, the major inhibitory molecules for NK-cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed a significant imbalance of ligands for activating and inhibitory NK-cell receptors in iPS-fibro. Compared to parental fibroblasts, iPSC-derivatives had a reduced expression of HLA-I simultaneously with an increased gene expression of major activating ligands, such as MICA, NECTIN2, and PVR. The lack of inhibitory signals might be due to insufficient maturity of cells differentiated from iPSCs. In addition, we showed that pretreatment of iPS-fibro with proinflammatory cytokine IFNγ restored the ligand imbalance, thereby reducing the degranulation and cytotoxicity of NK-cells. CONCLUSION In summary, we showed that iPSC-derived cells can be sensitive to the cytotoxic potential of autologous NK-cells regardless of HLA-I status. Thus, the balance of ligands for NK-cell receptors should be considered prior to iPSC-based cell therapies. Trial registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita E Bogomiakova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435.
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435.
| | - Elizaveta K Sekretova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Ksenia S Anufrieva
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | - Polina O Khabarova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Anastasia N Kazakova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | - Pavel A Bobrovsky
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | | | - Artem V Eremeev
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | - Olga S Lebedeva
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | - Alexandra N Bogomazova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | - Maria A Lagarkova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991
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17
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Tolle I, Tiranti V, Prigione A. Modeling mitochondrial DNA diseases: from base editing to pluripotent stem-cell-derived organoids. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55678. [PMID: 36876467 PMCID: PMC10074100 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases are multi-systemic disorders caused by mutations affecting a fraction or the entirety of mtDNA copies. Currently, there are no approved therapies for the majority of mtDNA diseases. Challenges associated with engineering mtDNA have in fact hindered the study of mtDNA defects. Despite these difficulties, it has been possible to develop valuable cellular and animal models of mtDNA diseases. Here, we describe recent advances in base editing of mtDNA and the generation of three-dimensional organoids from patient-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Together with already available modeling tools, the combination of these novel technologies could allow determining the impact of specific mtDNA mutations in distinct human cell types and might help uncover how mtDNA mutation load segregates during tissue organization. iPSC-derived organoids could also represent a platform for the identification of treatment strategies and for probing the in vitro effectiveness of mtDNA gene therapies. These studies have the potential to increase our mechanistic understanding of mtDNA diseases and may open the way to highly needed and personalized therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Tolle
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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18
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Chua CYX, Jiang AY, Eufrásio-da-Silva T, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Langer R, Orive G, Grattoni A. Emerging immunomodulatory strategies for cell therapeutics. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:358-373. [PMID: 36549959 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cellular therapies are poised to transform the field of medicine by restoring dysfunctional tissues and treating various diseases in a dynamic manner not achievable by conventional pharmaceutics. Spanning various therapeutic areas inclusive of cancer, regenerative medicine, and immune disorders, cellular therapies comprise stem or non-stem cells derived from various sources. Despite numerous clinical approvals or trials underway, the host immune response presents a critical impediment to the widespread adoption and success of cellular therapies. Here, we review current research and clinical advances in immunomodulatory strategies to mitigate immune rejection or promote immune tolerance to cellular therapies. We discuss the potential of these immunomodulatory interventions to accelerate translation or maximize the prospects of improving therapeutic outcomes of cellular therapies for clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine Ying Xuan Chua
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Allen Yujie Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology-UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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19
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Neoantigens: promising targets for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:9. [PMID: 36604431 PMCID: PMC9816309 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in neoantigen research have accelerated the development and regulatory approval of tumor immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy and antibody-based therapies, especially for solid tumors. Neoantigens are newly formed antigens generated by tumor cells as a result of various tumor-specific alterations, such as genomic mutation, dysregulated RNA splicing, disordered post-translational modification, and integrated viral open reading frames. Neoantigens are recognized as non-self and trigger an immune response that is not subject to central and peripheral tolerance. The quick identification and prediction of tumor-specific neoantigens have been made possible by the advanced development of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic technologies. Compared to tumor-associated antigens, the highly immunogenic and tumor-specific neoantigens provide emerging targets for personalized cancer immunotherapies, and serve as prospective predictors for tumor survival prognosis and immune checkpoint blockade responses. The development of cancer therapies will be aided by understanding the mechanism underlying neoantigen-induced anti-tumor immune response and by streamlining the process of neoantigen-based immunotherapies. This review provides an overview on the identification and characterization of neoantigens and outlines the clinical applications of prospective immunotherapeutic strategies based on neoantigens. We also explore their current status, inherent challenges, and clinical translation potential.
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20
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Meissner TB, Schulze HS, Dale SM. Immune Editing: Overcoming Immune Barriers in Stem Cell Transplantation. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2022; 8:206-218. [PMID: 36406259 PMCID: PMC9643905 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-022-00221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Human pluripotent stem cells have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of inborn and degenerative diseases, including aging and autoimmunity. A major barrier to their wider adoption in cell therapies is immune rejection. Genome editing allows for tinkering of the human genome in stem and progenitor cells and raises the prospect for overcoming the immune barriers to transplantation. Recent Findings Initial attempts have focused primarily on the major histocompatibility barrier that is formed by the human leukocyte antigens (HLA). More recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-L1, CD47, or HLA-G, are being explored both, in the presence or absence of HLA, to mitigate immune rejection by the various cellular components of the immune system. Summary In this review, we discuss progress in surmounting immune barriers to cell transplantation, with a particular focus on genetic engineering of human pluripotent stem and progenitor cells and the therapeutic cell types derived from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten B. Meissner
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Henrike S. Schulze
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
| | - Stanley M. Dale
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
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Brianna, Ling APK, Wong YP. Applying stem cell therapy in intractable diseases: a narrative review of decades of progress and challenges. Stem Cell Investig 2022; 9:4. [PMID: 36238449 PMCID: PMC9552054 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2022-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Stem cell therapy (SCT) is one of the vastly researched branches of regenerative medicine as a therapeutic tool to treat incurable diseases. With the use of human stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells (ASCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), stem cell therapy aims to regenerate or repair damaged tissues and congenital defects. As stem cells are able to undergo infinite self-renewal, differentiate into various types of cells and secrete protective paracrine factors, many researchers have investigated the potential of SCT in regenerative medicine. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive review on the recent application of SCT in various intractable diseases, namely, haematological diseases, neurological diseases, diabetes mellitus, retinal degenerative disorders and COVID-19 infections along with the challenges faced in the clinical translation of SCT. Methods An extensive search was conducted on Google scholar, PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov using related keywords. Latest articles on stem cell therapy application in selected diseases along with their challenges in clinical applications were selected. Key content and findings In vitro and in vivo studies involving SCT are shown to be safe and efficacious in treating various diseases covered in this review. There are also a number of small-scale clinical trials that validated the positive therapeutic outcomes of SCT. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of SCT are highly variable as some SCT works best in patients with early-stage diseases while in other diseases, SCT is more likely to work in patients in late stages of illnesses. Among the challenges identified in SCT translation are uncertainty in the underlying stem cell mechanism, ethical issues, genetic instability and immune rejection. Conclusions SCT will be a revolutionary treatment in the future that will provide hope to patients with intractable diseases. Therefore, studies ought to be done to ascertain the long-term effects of SCT while addressing the challenges faced in validating SCT for clinical use. Moreover, as there are many studies investigating the safety and efficacy of SCT, future studies should look into elucidating the regenerative and reparative capabilities of stem cells which largely remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna
- Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Pick Kiong Ling
- Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ying Pei Wong
- Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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22
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Endowing universal CAR T-cell with immune-evasive properties using TALEN-gene editing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3453. [PMID: 35773273 PMCID: PMC9247096 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Universal CAR T-cell therapies are poised to revolutionize cancer treatment and to improve patient outcomes. However, realizing these advantages in an allogeneic setting requires universal CAR T-cells that can kill target tumor cells, avoid depletion by the host immune system, and proliferate without attacking host tissues. Here, we describe the development of a novel immune-evasive universal CAR T-cells scaffold using precise TALEN-mediated gene editing and DNA matrices vectorized by recombinant adeno-associated virus 6. We simultaneously disrupt and repurpose the endogenous TRAC and B2M loci to generate TCRαβ- and HLA-ABC-deficient T-cells expressing the CAR construct and the NK-inhibitor named HLA-E. This highly efficient gene editing process enables the engineered T-cells to evade NK cell and alloresponsive T-cell attacks and extend their persistence and antitumor activity in the presence of cytotoxic levels of NK cell in vivo and in vitro, respectively. This scaffold could enable the broad use of universal CAR T-cells in allogeneic settings and holds great promise for clinical applications.
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Du S, Li Y, Geng Z, Zhang Q, Buhler LH, Gonelle-Gispert C, Wang Y. Engineering Islets From Stem Cells: The Optimal Solution for the Treatment of Diabetes? Front Immunol 2022; 13:869514. [PMID: 35572568 PMCID: PMC9092457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by insulin deficiency. Bioengineering of stem cells with the aim to restore insulin production and glucose regulation has the potential to cure diabetic patients. In this review, we focus on the recent developments for bioengineering of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and pancreatic progenitor cells in view of generating insulin producing and glucose regulating cells for β-cell replacement therapies. Recent clinical trials using islet cells derived from stem cells have been initiated for the transplantation into diabetic patients, with crucial bottlenecks of tumorigenesis, post-transplant survival, genetic instability, and immunogenicity that should be further optimized. As a new approach given high expectations, bioengineered islets from stem cells occupies considerable potential for the future clinical application and addressing the treatment dilemma of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suya Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Geng
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Leo H Buhler
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Yi Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Signaling cascades in the failing heart and emerging therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:134. [PMID: 35461308 PMCID: PMC9035186 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is the end stage of cardiac diseases. With a high prevalence and a high mortality rate worldwide, chronic heart failure is one of the heaviest health-related burdens. In addition to the standard neurohormonal blockade therapy, several medications have been developed for chronic heart failure treatment, but the population-wide improvement in chronic heart failure prognosis over time has been modest, and novel therapies are still needed. Mechanistic discovery and technical innovation are powerful driving forces for therapeutic development. On the one hand, the past decades have witnessed great progress in understanding the mechanism of chronic heart failure. It is now known that chronic heart failure is not only a matter involving cardiomyocytes. Instead, chronic heart failure involves numerous signaling pathways in noncardiomyocytes, including fibroblasts, immune cells, vascular cells, and lymphatic endothelial cells, and crosstalk among these cells. The complex regulatory network includes protein-protein, protein-RNA, and RNA-RNA interactions. These achievements in mechanistic studies provide novel insights for future therapeutic targets. On the other hand, with the development of modern biological techniques, targeting a protein pharmacologically is no longer the sole option for treating chronic heart failure. Gene therapy can directly manipulate the expression level of genes; gene editing techniques provide hope for curing hereditary cardiomyopathy; cell therapy aims to replace dysfunctional cardiomyocytes; and xenotransplantation may solve the problem of donor heart shortages. In this paper, we reviewed these two aspects in the field of failing heart signaling cascades and emerging therapeutic strategies based on modern biological techniques.
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Mitochondrial Proteins as Source of Cancer Neoantigens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052627. [PMID: 35269772 PMCID: PMC8909979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, anti-tumour immune responses have been successfully exploited to improve the outcome of patients with different cancers. Significant progress has been made in taking advantage of different types of T cell functions for therapeutic purposes. Despite these achievements, only a subset of patients respond favorably to immunotherapy. Therefore, there is a need of novel approaches to improve the effector functions of immune cells and to recognize the major targets of anti-tumour immunity. A major hallmark of cancer is metabolic rewiring associated with switch of mitochondrial functions. These changes are a consequence of high energy demand and increased macromolecular synthesis in cancer cells. Such adaptations in tumour cells might generate novel targets of tumour therapy, including the generation of neoantigens. Here, we review the most recent advances in research on the immune response to mitochondrial proteins in different cellular conditions.
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Qian X, Shah P, Agbor-Enoh S. Noninvasive biomarkers in heart transplant: 2020-2021 year in review. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2022; 27:7-14. [PMID: 34939959 PMCID: PMC8711631 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB), the current gold standard for cardiac allograft monitoring is invasive, may have a low sensitivity and is associated with significant variability in histopathologic interpretation. Fortunately, on-going research is identifying noninvasive biomarkers that address some of these limitations. This review provides an update on noninvasive blood-based methods for rejection surveillance and diagnosis in heart transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies highlight good test performance to detect acute rejection for donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) and microRNAs (miR). dd-cfDNA is sensitive, nonspecific, and has a high negative predictive value for acute cellular and antibody-mediated rejection. Clinical utility trials are being planned to test its role as a rule-out test for acute rejection as compared to the EMB. miRs may have an added advantage as it may phenotype the subtypes of rejection alleviating the need for an EMB or permitting the initiation of targeted therapy while awaiting the results of the EMB. SUMMARY In this review, we discuss recent advances in the field of noninvasive biomarkers to detect allograft rejection after heart transplant. We provide a perspective of additional studies needed to prove their clinical utility and bring these biomarkers to widescale clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Qian
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church VA
| | - Palak Shah
- Heart Failure, MCS and Transplant, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church VA
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation (GRAfT), Bethesda, MD
- Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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27
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Current Progress in Vascular Engineering and Its Clinical Applications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030493. [PMID: 35159302 PMCID: PMC8834640 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is caused by narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is widely used for the treatment of severe CHD cases. Although autologous vessels are a preferred choice, healthy autologous vessels are not always available; hence there is a demand for tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) to be used as alternatives. However, producing clinical grade implantable TEVGs that could healthily survive in the host with long-term patency is still a great challenge. There are additional difficulties in producing small diameter (<6 mm) vascular conduits. As a result, there have not been TEVGs that are commercially available. Properties of vascular scaffolds such as tensile strength, thrombogenicity and immunogenicity are key factors that determine the biocompatibility of TEVGs. The source of vascular cells employed to produce TEVGs is a limiting factor for large-scale productions. Advanced technologies including the combined use of natural and biodegradable synthetic materials for scaffolds in conjunction with the use of mesenchyme stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide promising solutions for vascular tissue engineering. The aim of this review is to provide an update on various aspects in this field and the current status of TEVG clinical applications.
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28
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Bartolomé A. Stem Cell-Derived β Cells: A Versatile Research Platform to Interrogate the Genetic Basis of β Cell Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:501. [PMID: 35008927 PMCID: PMC8745644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell dysfunction is a central component of diabetes progression. During the last decades, the genetic basis of several monogenic forms of diabetes has been recognized. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have also facilitated the identification of common genetic variants associated with an increased risk of diabetes. These studies highlight the importance of impaired β cell function in all forms of diabetes. However, how most of these risk variants confer disease risk, remains unanswered. Understanding the specific contribution of genetic variants and the precise role of their molecular effectors is the next step toward developing treatments that target β cell dysfunction in the era of personalized medicine. Protocols that allow derivation of β cells from pluripotent stem cells, represent a powerful research tool that allows modeling of human development and versatile experimental designs that can be used to shed some light on diabetes pathophysiology. This article reviews different models to study the genetic basis of β cell dysfunction, focusing on the recent advances made possible by stem cell applications in the field of diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bartolomé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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29
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From genome editing to blastocyst complementation: a new horizon in heart transplantation? JTCVS Tech 2022; 12:177-184. [PMID: 35403039 PMCID: PMC8987386 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Higher levels of allograft injury in black patients early after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 41:855-858. [PMID: 35016813 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Black patients suffer higher rates of antibody-mediated rejection and have worse long-term graft survival after heart transplantation. Donor-derived cell free DNA (ddcfDNA) is released into the blood following allograft injury. This study analyzed %ddcfDNA in 63 heart transplant recipients categorized by Black and non-Black race, during the first 200 days after transplant. Immediately after transplant, %ddcfDNA was higher for Black patients (mean [SE]: 8.3% [1.3%] vs 3.2% [1.2%], p = 0.001). In the first week post-transplant, the rate of decay in %ddcfDNA was similar (0.7% [0.68] vs 0.7% [0.11], p = 0.78), and values declined in both groups to a comparable plateau at 7 days post-transplant (0.46% [0.03] vs 0.45% [0.04], p = 0.78). The proportion of Black patients experiencing AMR was higher than non-Black patients (21% vs 9% [hazard ratio of 2.61 [95% confidence interval: 0.651-10.43], p = 0.18). Black patients were more likely to receive a race mismatched organ than non-Black patients (69% vs 35%, p = 0.01), which may explain the higher levels of early allograft injury.
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Application of the Pluripotent Stem Cells and Genomics in Cardiovascular Research-What We Have Learnt and Not Learnt until Now. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113112. [PMID: 34831333 PMCID: PMC8623147 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized regenerative medicine and biomedical research have been galvanized and revolutionized by human pluripotent stem cells in combination with recent advances in genomics, artificial intelligence, and genome engineering. More recently, we have witnessed the unprecedented breakthrough life-saving translation of mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19 to contain the global pandemic and the investment in billions of US dollars in space exploration projects and the blooming space-tourism industry fueled by the latest reusable space vessels. Now, it is time to examine where the translation of pluripotent stem cell research stands currently, which has been touted for more than the last two decades to cure and treat millions of patients with severe debilitating degenerative diseases and tissue injuries. This review attempts to highlight the accomplishments of pluripotent stem cell research together with cutting-edge genomics and genome editing tools and, also, the promises that have still not been transformed into clinical applications, with cardiovascular research as a case example. This review also brings to our attention the scientific and socioeconomic challenges that need to be effectively addressed to see the full potential of pluripotent stem cells at the clinical bedside.
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Ding J, Alavi A, Ebrahimkhani MR, Bar-Joseph Z. Computational tools for analyzing single-cell data in pluripotent cell differentiation studies. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2021; 1:100087. [PMID: 35474899 PMCID: PMC9017169 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell technologies are revolutionizing the ability of researchers to infer the causes and results of biological processes. Although several studies of pluripotent cell differentiation have recently utilized single-cell sequencing data, other aspects related to the optimization of differentiation protocols, their validation, robustness, and usage are still not taking full advantage of single-cell technologies. In this review, we focus on computational approaches for the analysis of single-cell omics and imaging data and discuss their use to address many of the major challenges involved in the development, validation, and use of cells obtained from pluripotent cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ding
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Amir Alavi
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mo R. Ebrahimkhani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ziv Bar-Joseph
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Machine Learning Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Kosanke M, Davenport C, Szepes M, Wiehlmann L, Kohrn T, Dorda M, Gruber J, Menge K, Sievert M, Melchert A, Gruh I, Göhring G, Martin U. iPSC culture expansion selects against putatively actionable mutations in the mitochondrial genome. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2488-2502. [PMID: 34560000 PMCID: PMC8514965 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic application of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derivatives requires comprehensive assessment of the integrity of their nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to exclude oncogenic potential and functional deficits. It is unknown, to which extent mtDNA variants originate from their parental cells or from de novo mutagenesis, and whether dynamics in heteroplasmy levels are caused by inter- and intracellular selection or genetic drift. Sequencing of mtDNA of 26 iPSC clones did not reveal evidence for de novo mutagenesis, or for any selection processes during reprogramming or differentiation. Culture expansion, however, selected against putatively actionable mtDNA mutations. Altogether, our findings point toward a scenario in which intracellular selection of mtDNA variants during culture expansion shapes the mutational landscape of the mitochondrial genome. Our results suggest that intercellular selection and genetic drift exert minor impact and that the bottleneck effect in context of the mtDNA genetic pool might have been overestimated. Expansion culture selects against putatively actionable mtDNA mutations in iPSCs Intracellular selection on mtDNA molecules shapes the mutational landscape Random genetic drift and intercellular selection exert minor impact Selection acts during culture expansion but not during reprogramming or differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Kosanke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Colin Davenport
- Research Core Unit Genomics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Monika Szepes
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lutz Wiehlmann
- Research Core Unit Genomics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Kohrn
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marie Dorda
- Research Core Unit Genomics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jonas Gruber
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kaja Menge
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maike Sievert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Melchert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Gruh
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gudrun Göhring
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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From Cells to Organs: The Present and Future of Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:135-149. [PMID: 34327664 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine promises a bright future where damaged body parts can be restored, rejuvenated, and replaced. The application of regenerative medicine is interdisciplinary and covers nearly all fields of medical sciences and molecular engineering. This review provides a road map on how regenerative medicine is applied on the levels of cell, tissue, and organ and summarizes the advantages and limitation of human pluripotent stem cells in disease modeling and regenerative application.
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Palombo F, Peron C, Caporali L, Iannielli A, Maresca A, Di Meo I, Fiorini C, Segnali A, Sciacca FL, Rizzo A, Levi S, Suomalainen A, Prigione A, Broccoli V, Carelli V, Tiranti V. The relevance of mitochondrial DNA variants fluctuation during reprogramming and neuronal differentiation of human iPSCs. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1953-1967. [PMID: 34329598 PMCID: PMC8365099 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is a revolutionary technique allowing production of pluripotent patient-specific cell lines used for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapy. Integrity of nuclear DNA (nDNA) is mandatory to allow iPSCs utilization, while quality control of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is rarely included in the iPSCs validation process. In this study, we performed mtDNA deep sequencing during the transition from parental fibroblasts to reprogrammed iPSC and to differentiated neuronal precursor cells (NPCs) obtained from controls and patients affected by mitochondrial disorders. At each step, mtDNA variants, including those potentially pathogenic, fluctuate between emerging and disappearing, and some having functional implications. We strongly recommend including mtDNA analysis as an unavoidable assay to obtain fully certified usable iPSCs and NPCs. mtDNA deep sequencing is mandatory in quality control of iPSCs mtDNA variants fluctuate at each step from fibroblasts/PBMC, to iPSCs and NPCs mtDNA variants greatly affect iPSC phenotype, reflecting their healthiness Results could be misinterpreted if mtDNA variants presence has not been assessed
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Palombo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Camille Peron
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Leonardo Caporali
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Angelo Iannielli
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maresca
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Ivano Di Meo
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Claudio Fiorini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna 40139, Italy; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna 40123, Italy
| | - Alice Segnali
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | | | - Ambra Rizzo
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Sonia Levi
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Neuroscience Institute, HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; HUSLab, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Duesseldorf University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Vania Broccoli
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna 40139, Italy; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna 40123, Italy
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan 20133, Italy.
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Deuse T, Tediashvili G, Hu X, Gravina A, Tamenang A, Wang D, Connolly A, Mueller C, Mallavia B, Looney MR, Alawi M, Lanier LL, Schrepfer S. Hypoimmune induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cell therapeutics treat cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases in immunocompetent allogeneic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2022091118. [PMID: 34244428 PMCID: PMC8285900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022091118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of regenerative cell therapy is still limited by the few cell types that can reliably be differentiated from pluripotent stem cells and by the immune hurdle of commercially scalable allogeneic cell therapeutics. Here, we show that gene-edited, immune-evasive cell grafts can survive and successfully treat diseases in immunocompetent, fully allogeneic recipients. Transplanted endothelial cells improved perfusion and increased the likelihood of limb preservation in mice with critical limb ischemia. Endothelial cell grafts transduced to express a transgene for alpha1-antitrypsin (A1AT) successfully restored physiologic A1AT serum levels in mice with genetic A1AT deficiency. This cell therapy prevented both structural and functional changes of emphysematous lung disease. A mixture of endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes was injected into infarcted mouse hearts, and both cell types orthotopically engrafted in the ischemic areas. Cell therapy led to an improvement in invasive hemodynamic heart failure parameters. Our study supports the development of hypoimmune, universal regenerative cell therapeutics for cost-effective treatments of major diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Deuse
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Grigol Tediashvili
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiaomeng Hu
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Sana Biotechnology Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Alessia Gravina
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Annika Tamenang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dong Wang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Andrew Connolly
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Christian Mueller
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Beñat Mallavia
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Mark R Looney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Sonja Schrepfer
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143;
- Sana Biotechnology Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
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Kasendra M, Troutt M, Broda T, Bacon WC, Wang TC, Niland JC, Helmrath MA. Intestinal organoids: roadmap to the clinic. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G1-G10. [PMID: 33950707 PMCID: PMC8321798 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00425.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in intestinal organoid research, along with encouraging preclinical proof-of-concept studies, have revealed significant therapeutic potential for induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived organoids in the healing and replacement of severely injured or diseased bowel (Finkbeiner et al. Biol Open 4: 1462-1472, 2015; Kitano et al. Nat Commun 8: 765, 2017; Cruz-Acuna et al. Nat Cell Biol 19: 1326-1335, 2017). To fully realize the tremendous promise of stem cell organoid-based therapies, careful planning aligned with significant resources and efforts must be devoted demonstrating their safety and efficacy to meet critical regulatory requirements. Early recognition of the inherent preclinical and clinical obstacles that occur with the novel use of pluripotent stem cell-derived products will accelerate their bench-to-bedside translation (Neofytou et al. J Clin Invest 125: 2551-2557, 2015; O'Brien et al. Stem Cell Res Ther 6: 146, 2015; Ouseph et al. Cytotherapy 17: 339-343, 2015). To overcome many of these hurdles, a close and effective collaboration is needed between experts from various disciplines, including basic and clinical research, product development and manufacturing, quality assurance and control, and regulatory affairs. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to outline the critical areas and challenges that must be addressed when transitioning laboratory-based discovery, through an investigational new drug (IND) application to first-in-human clinical trial, and to encourage investigators to consider the required regulatory steps from the earliest stage of the translational process. The ultimate goal is to provide readers with a draft roadmap that they could use while navigating this exciting cell therapy space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kasendra
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Misty Troutt
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Taylor Broda
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - W Clark Bacon
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York
| | - Joyce C Niland
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Discovery Science, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Michael A Helmrath
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Madrid M, Sumen C, Aivio S, Saklayen N. Autologous Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Cell Therapies: Promise, Progress, and Challenges. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e88. [PMID: 33725407 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The promise of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) lies in their ability to serve as a starting material for autologous, or patient-specific, stem cell-based therapies. Since the first publications describing the generation of iPSCs from human tissue in 2007, a Phase I/IIa clinical trial testing an autologous iPSC-derived cell therapy has been initiated in the U.S., and several other autologous iPSC-based therapies have advanced through various stages of development. Three single-patient in-human transplants of autologous iPSC-derived cells have taken place worldwide. None of the patients suffered serious adverse events, despite not undergoing immunosuppression. These promising outcomes support the proposed advantage of an autologous approach: a cell therapy product that can engraft without the risk of immune rejection, eliminating the need for immunosuppression and the associated side effects. Despite this advantage, there are currently more allogeneic than autologous iPSC-based cell therapy products in development due to the cost and complexity of scaling out manufacturing for each patient. In this review, we highlight recent progress toward clinical translation of autologous iPSC-based cell therapies. We also highlight technological advancements that would reduce the cost and complexity of autologous iPSC-based cell therapy production, enabling autologous iPSC-based therapies to become a more commonplace treatment modality for patients. © 2021 The Authors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cenk Sumen
- Stemson Therapeutics, San Diego, California
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39
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Hendriks D, Clevers H, Artegiani B. CRISPR-Cas Tools and Their Application in Genetic Engineering of Human Stem Cells and Organoids. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 27:705-731. [PMID: 33157047 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas technology has revolutionized biological research and holds great therapeutic potential. Here, we review CRISPR-Cas systems and their latest developments with an emphasis on application to human cells. We also discuss how different CRISPR-based strategies can be used to accomplish a particular genome engineering goal. We then review how different CRISPR tools have been used in genome engineering of human stem cells in vitro, covering both the pluripotent (iPSC/ESC) and somatic adult stem cell fields and, in particular, 3D organoid cultures. Finally, we discuss the progress and challenges associated with CRISPR-based genome editing of human stem cells for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delilah Hendriks
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; The Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Benedetta Artegiani
- The Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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40
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Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide unprecedented opportunities for cell therapies against intractable diseases and injuries. Both ESCs and iPSCs are already being used in clinical trials. However, we continue to encounter practical issues that limit their use, including their inherent properties of tumorigenicity, immunogenicity, and heterogeneity. Here, I review two decades of research aimed at overcoming these three difficulties.
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41
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Abstract
Improved stem cell-derived pancreatic islet (SC-islet) differentiation protocols robustly generate insulin-secreting β cells from patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These advances are enabling in vitro disease modeling studies and the development of an autologous diabetes cell replacement therapy. SC-islet technology elucidates key features of human pancreas development and diabetes disease progression through the generation of pancreatic progenitors, endocrine progenitors, and β cells derived from diabetic and nondiabetic iPSCs. Combining disease modeling with gene editing and next-generation sequencing reveals the impact of diabetes-causing mutations and diabetic phenotypes on multiple islet cell types. In addition, the supply of SC-islets, containing β and other islet cell types, is unlimited, presenting an opportunity for personalized medicine and overcoming several disadvantages posed by donor islets. This review highlights relevant studies involving iPSC-β cells and progenitors, encompassing new conclusions involving cells from patients with diabetes and the therapeutic potential of iPSC-β cells. Improved differentiation protocols generate pancreatic islet from patient stem cells Diabetic stem cell-derived islet studies identified key markers for cell function Gene editing aims to address unmet needs for stem cell therapy field Stem cell-derived islets are a promising source for diabetes stem cell therapy
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42
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Migliorini A, Nostro MC, Sneddon JB. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells: A regenerative medicine perspective. Cell Metab 2021; 33:721-731. [PMID: 33826915 PMCID: PMC8117263 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made over the last two decades in the field of pancreatic beta cell replacement therapy as a curative measure for diabetes. Transplantation studies have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy, and cGMP-grade cell products are currently being deployed for the first time in human clinical trials. In this perspective, we discuss current challenges surrounding the generation, delivery, and engraftment of stem cell-derived islet-like cells, along with strategies to induce durable tolerance to grafted cells, with an eye toward a functional cellular-based therapy enabling insulin independence for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Migliorini
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Maria Cristina Nostro
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Toronto General Hospital, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Julie B Sneddon
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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43
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Flahou C, Morishima T, Takizawa H, Sugimoto N. Fit-For-All iPSC-Derived Cell Therapies and Their Evaluation in Humanized Mice With NK Cell Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662360. [PMID: 33897711 PMCID: PMC8059435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be limitlessly expanded and differentiated into almost all cell types. Moreover, they are amenable to gene manipulation and, because they are established from somatic cells, can be established from essentially any person. Based on these characteristics, iPSCs have been extensively studied as cell sources for tissue grafts, blood transfusions and cancer immunotherapies, and related clinical trials have started. From an immune-matching perspective, autologous iPSCs are perfectly compatible in principle, but also require a prolonged time for reaching the final products, have high cost, and person-to-person variation hindering their common use. Therefore, certified iPSCs with reduced immunogenicity are expected to become off-the-shelf sources, such as those made from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-homozygous individuals or genetically modified for HLA depletion. Preclinical tests using immunodeficient mice reconstituted with a human immune system (HIS) serve as an important tool to assess the human alloresponse against iPSC-derived cells. Especially, HIS mice reconstituted with not only human T cells but also human natural killer (NK) cells are considered crucial. NK cells attack so-called “missing self” cells that do not express self HLA class I, which include HLA-homozygous cells that express only one allele type and HLA-depleted cells. However, conventional HIS mice lack enough reconstituted human NK cells for these tests. Several measures have been developed to overcome this issue including the administration of cytokines that enhance NK cell expansion, such as IL-2 and IL-15, the administration of vectors that express those cytokines, and genetic manipulation to express the cytokines or to enhance the reconstitution of human myeloid cells that express IL15R-alpha. Using such HIS mice with enhanced human NK cell reconstitution, alloresponses against HLA-homozygous and HLA-depleted cells have been studied. However, most studies used HLA-downregulated tumor cells as the target cells and tested in vitro after purifying human cells from HIS mice. In this review, we give an overview of the current state of iPSCs in cell therapies, strategies to lessen their immunogenic potential, and then expound on the development of HIS mice with reconstituted NK cells, followed by their utilization in evaluating future universal HLA-engineered iPSC-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Flahou
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morishima
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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44
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Sercel AJ, Carlson NM, Patananan AN, Teitell MA. Mitochondrial DNA Dynamics in Reprogramming to Pluripotency. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:311-323. [PMID: 33422359 PMCID: PMC7954944 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells, with the exception of erythrocytes, harbor mitochondria, which are organelles that provide energy, intermediate metabolites, and additional activities to sustain cell viability, replication, and function. Mitochondria contain multiple copies of a circular genome called mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), whose individual sequences are rarely identical (homoplasmy) because of inherited or sporadic mutations that result in multiple mtDNA genotypes (heteroplasmy). Here, we examine potential mechanisms for maintenance or shifts in heteroplasmy that occur in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated by cellular reprogramming, and further discuss manipulations that can alter heteroplasmy to impact stem and differentiated cell performance. This additional insight will assist in developing more robust iPSC-based models of disease and differentiated cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Sercel
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90095
| | - Natasha M Carlson
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, CA, USA 91330; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90095
| | - Alexander N Patananan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90095
| | - Michael A Teitell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90095; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90095; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90095; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90095; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90095; Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90095; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90095.
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45
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Nato G, Corti A, Parmigiani E, Jachetti E, Lecis D, Colombo MP, Delia D, Buffo A, Magrassi L. Immune-tolerance to human iPS-derived neural progenitors xenografted into the immature cerebellum is overridden by species-specific differences in differentiation timing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:651. [PMID: 33436685 PMCID: PMC7803978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We xeno-transplanted human neural precursor cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells into the cerebellum and brainstem of mice and rats during prenatal development or the first postnatal week. The transplants survived and started to differentiate up to 1 month after birth when they were rejected by both species. Extended survival and differentiation of the same cells were obtained only when they were transplanted in NOD-SCID mice. Transplants of human neural precursor cells mixed with the same cells after partial in vitro differentiation or with a cellular extract obtained from adult rat cerebellum increased survival of the xeno-graft beyond one month. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the slower pace of differentiation of human neural precursors compared to that of rodents restricts induction of immune-tolerance to human antigens expressed before completion of maturation of the immune system. With further maturation the transplanted neural precursors expressed more mature antigens before the graft were rejected. Supplementation of the immature cells suspensions with more mature antigens may help to induce immune-tolerance for those antigens expressed only later by the engrafted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Nato
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), 10043, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corti
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Parmigiani
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), 10043, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Lecis
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Paolo Colombo
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Domenico Delia
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy.,IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Buffo
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), 10043, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Magrassi
- Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science, University of Pavia, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. .,Istituto Di Genetica Molecolare IGM-CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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46
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Culibrk RA, Hahn MS. The Role of Chronic Inflammatory Bone and Joint Disorders in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:583884. [PMID: 33364931 PMCID: PMC7750365 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.583884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that causes significant cognitive debilitation in tens of millions of patients worldwide. Throughout disease progression, abnormal secretase activity results in the aberrant cleavage and subsequent aggregation of neurotoxic Aβ plaques in the cerebral extracellular space and hyperphosphorylation and destabilization of structural tau proteins surrounding neuronal microtubules. Both pathologies ultimately incite the propagation of a disease-associated subset of microglia-the principle immune cells of the brain-characterized by preferentially pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and inhibited AD substrate uptake capacity, which further contribute to neuronal degeneration. For decades, chronic neuroinflammation has been identified as one of the cardinal pathophysiological driving features of AD; however, despite a number of works postulating the underlying mechanisms of inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration, its pathogenesis and relation to the inception of cognitive impairment remain obscure. Moreover, the limited clinical success of treatments targeting specific pathological features in the central nervous system (CNS) illustrates the need to investigate alternative, more holistic approaches for ameliorating AD outcomes. Accumulating evidence suggests significant interplay between peripheral immune activity and blood-brain barrier permeability, microglial activation and proliferation, and AD-related cognitive decline. In this work, we review a narrow but significant subset of chronic peripheral inflammatory conditions, describe how these pathologies are associated with the preponderance of neuroinflammation, and posit that we may exploit peripheral immune processes to design interventional, preventative therapies for LOAD. We then provide a comprehensive overview of notable treatment paradigms that have demonstrated considerable merit toward treating these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariah S. Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
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Chang Y, Bao X. Adoptive natural killer cell therapy: a human pluripotent stem cell perspective. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy Using Induced Pluripotency Stem Cells-Based Vaccines. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123581. [PMID: 33266109 PMCID: PMC7760556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in cancer therapy, metastatic solid tumors remain largely incurable. Immunotherapy has emerged as a pioneering and promising approach for cancer therapy and management, and in particular intended for advanced tumors unresponsive to current therapeutics. In cancer immunotherapy, components of the immune system are exploited to eliminate cancer cells and treat patients. The recent clinical successes of immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies represent a turning point in cancer treatment. Despite their potential success, current approaches depend on efficient tumor antigen presentation which are often inaccessible, and most tumors turn refractory to current immunotherapy. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been shown to share several characteristics with cancer (stem) cells (CSCs), eliciting a specific anti-tumoral response when injected in rodent cancer models. Indeed, artificial cellular reprogramming has been widely compared to the biogenesis of CSCs. Here, we will discuss the state-of-the-art on the potential implication of cellular reprogramming and iPSCs for the design of patient-specific immunotherapeutic strategies, debating the similarities between iPSCs and cancer cells and introducing potential strategies that could enhance the efficiency and therapeutic potential of iPSCs-based cancer vaccines.
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Todorova D, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Liu J, He J, Fu X, Xu Y. hESC-derived immune suppressive dendritic cells induce immune tolerance of parental hESC-derived allografts. EBioMedicine 2020; 62:103120. [PMID: 33242828 PMCID: PMC7695963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With their inherent capability of unlimited self-renewal and unique potential to differentiate into functional cells of the three germ layers, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great potential in regenerative medicine. A major challenge in the application of hESC-based cell therapy is the allogeneic immune rejection of hESC-derived allografts. Methods We derived dendritic cell-like cells (DCLs) from wild type and CTLA4-Ig/PD-L1 knock-in hESCs, denoted WT DCLs and CP DCLs. The expression of DC-related genes and surface molecules was evaluated, as well as their DCL capacity to stimulate allogeneic T cells and induce regulatory T (Treg) cells in vitro. Using an immune system humanized mouse model, we investigated whether the adoptive transfer of CP DCLs can induce long-term immune tolerance of parental hESC-derived smooth muscle and cardiomyocyte allografts. Findings CP DCLs can maintain immune suppressive properties after robust inflammatory stimulation and induce Treg cells. While CP DCLs survive transiently in vivo, they induce long-term immune tolerance of parental hESC-derived allografts. Interpretation This strategy does not cause systemic immune suppression but induces immune tolerance specific for DCL-specific HLAs, and thus it presents a safe and effective approach to induce immune tolerance of allografts derived from any clinically approved hESC line. Funding NSFC, leading talents of Guangdong Province Program (No. 00201516), Key R&D Program of Guangdong Province (2019B020235003), Science and Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20180504170301309), National High-tech R&D Program (863 Program No. 2015AA020310), Shenzhen “Sanming” Project of Medicine (SZSM201602102), Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (S2016004730009), CIRM (DISC2–10559).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilyana Todorova
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College, 232 Waihuan Road E, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Qu Chen
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jingjin He
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Xuemei Fu
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China; Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China..
| | - Yang Xu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College, 232 Waihuan Road E, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China.
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Lacalle-Aurioles M, Cassel de Camps C, Zorca CE, Beitel LK, Durcan TM. Applying hiPSCs and Biomaterials Towards an Understanding and Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:594304. [PMID: 33281561 PMCID: PMC7689345 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.594304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of disability and mortality in children and young adults and has a profound impact on the socio-economic wellbeing of patients and their families. Initially, brain damage is caused by mechanical stress-induced axonal injury and vascular dysfunction, which can include hemorrhage, blood-brain barrier disruption, and ischemia. Subsequent neuronal degeneration, chronic inflammation, demyelination, oxidative stress, and the spread of excitotoxicity can further aggravate disease pathology. Thus, TBI treatment requires prompt intervention to protect against neuronal and vascular degeneration. Rapid advances in the field of stem cells (SCs) have revolutionized the prospect of repairing brain function following TBI. However, more than that, SCs can contribute substantially to our knowledge of this multifaced pathology. Research, based on human induced pluripotent SCs (hiPSCs) can help decode the molecular pathways of degeneration and recovery of neuronal and glial function, which makes these cells valuable tools for drug screening. Additionally, experimental approaches that include hiPSC-derived engineered tissues (brain organoids and bio-printed constructs) and biomaterials represent a step forward for the field of regenerative medicine since they provide a more suitable microenvironment that enhances cell survival and grafting success. In this review, we highlight the important role of hiPSCs in better understanding the molecular pathways of TBI-related pathology and in developing novel therapeutic approaches, building on where we are at present. We summarize some of the most relevant findings for regenerative therapies using biomaterials and outline key challenges for TBI treatments that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lacalle-Aurioles
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Camille Cassel de Camps
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cornelia E Zorca
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lenore K Beitel
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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