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Ren D, Xiong S, Ren Y, Yang X, Zhao X, Jin J, Xu M, Liang T, Guo L, Weng L. Advances in therapeutic cancer vaccines: Harnessing immune adjuvants for enhanced efficacy and future perspectives. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:1833-1843. [PMID: 38707540 PMCID: PMC11066472 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Preventive cancer vaccines are highly effective in preventing viral infection-induced cancer, but advances in therapeutic cancer vaccines with a focus on eliminating cancer cells through immunotherapy are limited. To develop therapeutic cancer vaccines, the integration of optimal adjuvants is a potential strategy to enhance or complement existing therapeutic approaches. However, conventional adjuvants do not satisfy the criteria of clinical trials for therapeutic cancer vaccines. To improve the effects of adjuvants in therapeutic cancer vaccines, effective vaccination strategies must be formulated and novel adjuvants must be identified. This review offers an overview of the current advancements in therapeutic cancer vaccines and highlights in situ vaccination approaches that can be synergistically combined with other immunotherapies by harnessing the adjuvant effects. Additionally, the refinement of adjuvant systems using cutting-edge technologies and the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying immunogenic cell death to facilitate the development of innovative adjuvants have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shizheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yujie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xueni Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinmiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiaming Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Miaomiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingming Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lixing Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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Chen A, Zhu J, Liu R, Mei Y, Li L, Fan Y, Ke Y, Liu B, Liu Q. Injectable thermo-sensitive hydrogel enhances anti-tumor potency of engineered Lactococcus lactis by activating dendritic cells and effective memory T cells. Bioact Mater 2024; 37:331-347. [PMID: 38694762 PMCID: PMC11061616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Engineered bacteria have shown great potential in cancer immunotherapy by dynamically releasing therapeutic payloads and inducing sustained antitumor immune response with the crosstalk of immune cells. In previous studies, FOLactis was designed, which could secret an encoded fusion protein of Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand and co-stimulator OX40 ligand, leading to remarkable tumor suppression and exerting an abscopal effect by intratumoral injection. However, it is difficult for intratumoral administration of FOLactis in solid tumors with firm texture or high internal pressure. For patients without lesions such as abdominal metastatic tumors and orthotopic gastric tumors, intratumoral injection is not feasible and peritumoral maybe a better choice. Herein, an engineered bacteria delivery system is constructed based on in situ temperature-sensitive poloxamer 407 hydrogels. Peritumoral injection of FOLactis/P407 results in a 5-fold increase in the proportion of activated DC cells and a more than 2-fold increase in the proportion of effective memory T cells (TEM), playing the role of artificial lymph island. Besides, administration of FOLactis/P407 significantly inhibits the growth of abdominal metastatic tumors and orthotopic gastric tumors, resulting in an extended survival time. Therefore, these findings demonstrate the delivery approach of engineered bacteria based on in situ hydrogel will promote the efficacy and universality of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoxing Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Junmeng Zhu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Rui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yi Mei
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lin Li
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yue Fan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yaohua Ke
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Hosseini I, Fleisher B, Getz J, Decalf J, Kwong M, Ovacik M, Bainbridge TW, Moussion C, Rao GK, Gadkar K, Kamath AV, Ramanujan S. A Minimal PBPK/PD Model with Expansion-Enhanced Target-Mediated Drug Disposition to Support a First-in-Human Clinical Study Design for a FLT3L-Fc Molecule. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:660. [PMID: 38794321 PMCID: PMC11125320 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
FLT3L-Fc is a half-life extended, effectorless Fc-fusion of the native human FLT3-ligand. In cynomolgus monkeys, treatment with FLT3L-Fc leads to a complex pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship, with observed nonlinear PK and expansion of different immune cell types across different dose levels. A minimal physiologically based PK/PD model with expansion-enhanced target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD) was developed to integrate the molecule's mechanism of action, as well as the complex preclinical and clinical PK/PD data, to support the preclinical-to-clinical translation of FLT3L-Fc. In addition to the preclinical PK data of FLT3L-Fc in cynomolgus monkeys, clinical PK and PD data from other FLT3-agonist molecules (GS-3583 and CDX-301) were used to inform the model and project the expansion profiles of conventional DC1s (cDC1s) and total DCs in peripheral blood. This work constitutes an essential part of our model-informed drug development (MIDD) strategy for clinical development of FLT3L-Fc by projecting PK/PD in healthy volunteers, determining the first-in-human (FIH) dose, and informing the efficacious dose in clinical settings. Model-generated results were incorporated in regulatory filings to support the rationale for the FIH dose selection.
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Lei L, Yan J, Xin K, Li L, Sun Q, Wang Y, Chen T, Wu S, Shao J, Liu B, Chen X. Engineered Bacteriophage-Based In Situ Vaccine Remodels a Tumor Microenvironment and Elicits Potent Antitumor Immunity. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12194-12209. [PMID: 38689426 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In situ vaccines (ISVs) utilize the localized delivery of chemotherapeutic agents or radiotherapy to stimulate the release of endogenous antigens from tumors, thereby eliciting systemic and persistent immune activation. Recently, a bioinspired ISV strategy has attracted tremendous attention due to its features such as an immune adjuvant effect and genetic plasticity. M13 bacteriophages are natural nanomaterials with intrinsic immunogenicity, genetic flexibility, and cost-effectiveness for large-scale production, demonstrating the potential for application in cancer vaccines. In this study, we propose an ISV based on the engineered M13 bacteriophage targeting CD40 (M13CD40) for dendritic cell (DC)-targeted immune stimulation, named H-GM-M13CD40. We induce immunogenic cell death and release tumor antigens through local delivery of (S)-10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT), followed by intratumoral injection of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and M13CD40 to enhance DC recruitment and activation. We demonstrate that this ISV strategy can result in significant accumulation and activation of DCs at the tumor site, reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In addition, H-GM-M13CD40 can synergize with the PD-1 blockade and induce abscopal effects in cold tumor models. Overall, our study verifies the immunogenicity of the engineered M13CD40 bacteriophage and provides a proof of concept that the engineered M13CD40 phage can function as an adjuvant for ISVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jiayao Yan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Kai Xin
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008 China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008 China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tianran Chen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Siwen Wu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jie Shao
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008 China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008 China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 China
- Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Kundu M, Butti R, Panda VK, Malhotra D, Das S, Mitra T, Kapse P, Gosavi SW, Kundu GC. Modulation of the tumor microenvironment and mechanism of immunotherapy-based drug resistance in breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:92. [PMID: 38715072 PMCID: PMC11075356 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most frequent female malignancy, is often curable when detected at an early stage. The treatment of metastatic breast cancer is more challenging and may be unresponsive to conventional therapy. Immunotherapy is crucial for treating metastatic breast cancer, but its resistance is a major limitation. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is vital in modulating the immunotherapy response. Various tumor microenvironmental components, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), are involved in TME modulation to cause immunotherapy resistance. This review highlights the role of stromal cells in modulating the breast tumor microenvironment, including the involvement of CAF-TAM interaction, alteration of tumor metabolism leading to immunotherapy failure, and other latest strategies, including high throughput genomic screening, single-cell and spatial omics techniques for identifying tumor immune genes regulating immunotherapy response. This review emphasizes the therapeutic approach to overcome breast cancer immune resistance through CAF reprogramming, modulation of TAM polarization, tumor metabolism, and genomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Kundu
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, West Bengal, 700125, India
| | - Ramesh Butti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Venketesh K Panda
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Diksha Malhotra
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Sumit Das
- National Centre for Cell Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Tandrima Mitra
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Prachi Kapse
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Suresh W Gosavi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Gopal C Kundu
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India.
- Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India.
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6
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Drew L. Turning tumours against themselves. Nature 2024; 629:S10-S12. [PMID: 38811705 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-01429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
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Luke JJ, Davar D, Andtbacka RH, Bhardwaj N, Brody JD, Chesney J, Coffin R, de Baere T, de Gruijl TD, Fury M, Goldmacher G, Harrington KJ, Kaufman H, Kelly CM, Khilnani AD, Liu K, Loi S, Long GV, Melero I, Middleton M, Neyns B, Pinato DJ, Sheth RA, Solomon SB, Szapary P, Marabelle A. Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) recommendations on intratumoral immunotherapy clinical trials (IICT): from premalignant to metastatic disease. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008378. [PMID: 38641350 PMCID: PMC11029323 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intratumorally delivered immunotherapies have the potential to favorably alter the local tumor microenvironment and may stimulate systemic host immunity, offering an alternative or adjunct to other local and systemic treatments. Despite their potential, these therapies have had limited success in late-phase trials for advanced cancer resulting in few formal approvals. The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a panel of experts to determine how to design clinical trials with the greatest chance of demonstrating the benefits of intratumoral immunotherapy for patients with cancers across all stages of pathogenesis. METHODS An Intratumoral Immunotherapy Clinical Trials Expert Panel composed of international key stakeholders from academia and industry was assembled. A multiple choice/free response survey was distributed to the panel, and the results of this survey were discussed during a half-day consensus meeting. Key discussion points are summarized in the following manuscript. RESULTS The panel determined unique clinical trial designs tailored to different stages of cancer development-from premalignant to unresectable/metastatic-that can maximize the chance of capturing the effect of intratumoral immunotherapies. Design elements discussed included study type, patient stratification and exclusion criteria, indications of randomization, study arm determination, endpoints, biological sample collection, and response assessment with biomarkers and imaging. Populations to prioritize for the study of intratumoral immunotherapy, including stage, type of cancer and line of treatment, were also discussed along with common barriers to the development of these local treatments. CONCLUSIONS The SITC Intratumoral Immunotherapy Clinical Trials Expert Panel has identified key considerations for the design and implementation of studies that have the greatest potential to capture the effect of intratumorally delivered immunotherapies. With more effective and standardized trial designs, the potential of intratumoral immunotherapy can be realized and lead to regulatory approvals that will extend the benefit of these local treatments to the patients who need them the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Luke
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diwakar Davar
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua D Brody
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason Chesney
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Thierry de Baere
- Center for Biotherapies In Situ (BIOTHERIS), INSERM CIC1428, Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Medical Imaging, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthew Fury
- Oncology Clinical Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | | | - Kevin J Harrington
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Howard Kaufman
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ankyra Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ciara M Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Ke Liu
- Marengo Therapeutics, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Mark Middleton
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bart Neyns
- Department of Medical Oncology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Jette, Belgium
| | - David J Pinato
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Rahul A Sheth
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen B Solomon
- Chief of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Professor of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philippe Szapary
- Interventional Oncology, Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Aurelien Marabelle
- Center for Biotherapies In Situ (BIOTHERIS), INSERM CIC1428, Department for Therapeutic Innovation and Early Phase Trials (DITEP), Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Yu J, Yu X, Sun X, Wang Q, Long S, Ren R, Guan Z, Yang Z. Bis-2'-F-cG SA SMP isomers encapsulated in cytidinyl/cationic lipids act as potent in situ autologous tumor vaccines. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00240-5. [PMID: 38637990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has greatly improved the prognosis of tumor-bearing patients. Nevertheless, cancer patients exhibit low response rates to current immunotherapy drugs, such as PD1 and PDL1 antibodies. Cyclic dinucleotide analogs are a promising class of immunotherapeutic agents. In this study, in situ autologous tumor vaccines, composed of bis-2'-F-cGSASMP phosphonothioate isomers (FGA-di-pS-2 or FGA-di-pS-4) and cytidinyl/cationic lipids (Mix), were constructed. Intravenous and intratumoral injection of FGA-di-pS-2/Mix or FGA-di-pS-4/Mix enhanced the immunogenic cell death of tumor cells in vivo, leading to the exposure and presentation of whole tumor antigens, inhibiting tumor growth in both LLC and EO771 tumor in situ murine models and increasing their survival rates to 50% and 23%, respectively. Furthermore, the tumor-bearing mice after treatment showed potent immune memory efficacy and exhibited 100% protection against tumor rechallenge. Intravenous administration of FGA-di-pS-2/Mix potently promoted DC maturation, M1 macrophage polarization and CD8+ T cell activation and decreased the proportion of Treg cells in the tumor microenvironment. Notably, two doses of ICD-debris (generated by FGA-di-pS-2 or 4/Mix-treated LLC cells) protected 100% of mice from tumor growth. These tumor vaccines showed promising results and may serve as personalized cancer vaccinations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural & Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural & Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xudong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural & Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Quanxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural & Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sijie Long
- State Key Laboratory of Natural & Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Runan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Natural & Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhu Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural & Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural & Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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Su C, Kim SK, Wang CX, Kirsch DG, Monjazeb AM. Radiotherapy Combined with Intralesional Immunostimulatory Agents for Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Semin Radiat Oncol 2024; 34:243-257. [PMID: 38508788 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has shifted the treatment paradigm for many types of cancer. Unfortunately, the most commonly used immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), have yielded limited benefit for most types of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay of sarcoma therapy and can induce immune modulatory effects. Combining immunotherapy and RT in STS may be a promising strategy to improve sarcoma response to RT and increase the efficacy of immunotherapy. Most combination strategies have employed immunotherapies, such as ICI, that derepress immune suppressive networks. These have yielded only modest results, possibly due to the limited immune stimulatory effects of RT. Combining RT with immune stimulatory agents has yielded promising preclinical and clinical results but can be limited by the toxic nature of systemic administration of immune stimulants. Using intralesional immune stimulants may generate stronger RT immune modulation and less systemic toxicity, which may be a feasible strategy in accessible tumors such as STS. In this review, we summarize the immune modulatory effects of RT, the mechanism of action of various immune stimulants, including toll-like receptor agonists, and data for combinatorial strategies utilizing these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Soo Kyoung Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis Health, Davis, CA
| | - Charles X Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis Health, Davis, CA
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis Health, Davis, CA.
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Ghasemi A, Martinez-Usatorre A, Li L, Hicham M, Guichard A, Marcone R, Fournier N, Torchia B, Martinez Bedoya D, Davanture S, Fernández-Vaquero M, Fan C, Janzen J, Mohammadzadeh Y, Genolet R, Mansouri N, Wenes M, Migliorini D, Heikenwalder M, De Palma M. Cytokine-armed dendritic cell progenitors for antigen-agnostic cancer immunotherapy. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:240-261. [PMID: 37996514 PMCID: PMC10899110 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting myeloid cells that regulate T cell activation, trafficking and function. Monocyte-derived DCs pulsed with tumor antigens have been tested extensively for therapeutic vaccination in cancer, with mixed clinical results. Here, we present a cell-therapy platform based on mouse or human DC progenitors (DCPs) engineered to produce two immunostimulatory cytokines, IL-12 and FLT3L. Cytokine-armed DCPs differentiated into conventional type-I DCs (cDC1) and suppressed tumor growth, including melanoma and autochthonous liver models, without the need for antigen loading or myeloablative host conditioning. Tumor response involved synergy between IL-12 and FLT3L and was associated with natural killer and T cell infiltration and activation, M1-like macrophage programming and ischemic tumor necrosis. Antitumor immunity was dependent on endogenous cDC1 expansion and interferon-γ signaling but did not require CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. Cytokine-armed DCPs synergized effectively with anti-GD2 chimeric-antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in eradicating intracranial gliomas in mice, illustrating their potential in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghasemi
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amaia Martinez-Usatorre
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luqing Li
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Hicham
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alan Guichard
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Marcone
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Translational Data Science (TDS) Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Fournier
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Translational Data Science (TDS) Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Torchia
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Darel Martinez Bedoya
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Suzel Davanture
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mirian Fernández-Vaquero
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chaofan Fan
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Janzen
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yahya Mohammadzadeh
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Genolet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nahal Mansouri
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Wenes
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Denis Migliorini
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- The M3 Research Center, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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11
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Wu KC, Adedeji AO, Zabka TS, Hosseini I, Kenkre R, Getz JA, Nguyen T, Decalf J, Bainbridge TW, Chilton JA, Moussion CC, Rao GK. Nonclinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety assessment of a FLT3L-Fc molecule for cancer immunotherapy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 483:116837. [PMID: 38278496 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
FLT3L-Fc is a cytokine-Fc fusion agonizing receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 (fms-related tyrosine kinase 3; CD135). FLT3 is expressed on dendritic cells (DCs) as well as myeloid and lymphoid progenitors. Nonclinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of FLT3L-Fc were investigated in rats and cynomolgus monkeys. FLT3L-Fc induced robust pharmacodynamic responses, evidenced by marked expansion of peripheral blood cDC1s, cDC2s, and pDCs (up to 301-fold in rats and 378-fold in monkeys), peaking at 8-10 days after the first dose. FLT3L-Fc was well tolerated with no adverse findings at doses up to 10 mg/kg administered intravenously twice three weeks apart. In both species, major clinical pathology findings consisted of expansion of white blood cell (WBC) populations including lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, and large unstained cells, which were pronounced after the first dose. The WBC findings were associated microscopically with histiocytic and mononuclear cell infiltrates in multiple organs. Tissue immunohistochemistry in monkeys showed that the leukocyte infiltrates consisted of hematopoietic progenitor cells and histiocytes with a reactive morphology and were associated with a slight stimulation of regional T and B cell populations. Additional FLT3L-Fc-associated changes included decreases in red blood cell (RBC) mass, increases in RBC distribution width, variable changes in reticulocytes, and transient alterations in platelet counts (rats only). The RBC and WBC findings were associated microscopically with increased hematopoietic cellularity of the bone marrow in both species and increased splenic megakaryocytic extramedullary hematopoiesis in rats. The totality of nonclinical safety data support the clinical development of FLT3L-Fc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Connie Wu
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Adeyemi O Adedeji
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Tanja S Zabka
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Iraj Hosseini
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Radhika Kenkre
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A Getz
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Tien Nguyen
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Jérémie Decalf
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Travis W Bainbridge
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | | | - Christine C Moussion
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Gautham K Rao
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America.
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12
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Gautam N, Ramamoorthi G, Champion N, Han HS, Czerniecki BJ. Reviewing the significance of dendritic cell vaccines in interrupting breast cancer development. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 95:101239. [PMID: 38150884 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and is the most prevalent cancer in women. According to the U.S breast cancer statistics, about 1 in every 8 women develop an invasive form of breast cancer during their lifetime. Immunotherapy has been a significant advancement in the treatment of cancer with multiple studies reporting favourable patient outcomes by modulating the immune response to cancer cells. Here, we review the significance of dendritic cell vaccines in treating breast cancer patients. We discuss the involvement of dendritic cells and oncodrivers in breast tumorigenesis, highlighting the rationale for targeting oncodrivers and neoantigens using dendritic cell vaccine therapy. We review different dendritic cell subsets and maturation states previously used to develop vaccines and suggest the use of DC vaccines for breast cancer prevention. Further, we highlight that the intratumoral delivery of type 1 dendritic cell vaccines in breast cancer patients activates tumor antigen-specific CD4+ T helper cell type 1 (Th1) cells, promoting an anti-tumorigenic immune response while concurrently blocking pro-tumorigenic responses. In summary, this review provides an overview of the current state of dendritic cell vaccines in breast cancer highlighting the challenges and considerations necessary for an efficient dendritic cell vaccine design in interrupting breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Gautam
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ganesan Ramamoorthi
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas Champion
- Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hyo S Han
- Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brian J Czerniecki
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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13
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Moussion C, Delamarre L. Antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells: A critical axis in cancer immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 2024; 71:101848. [PMID: 38035643 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that play a key role in shaping adaptive immunity. DCs have a unique ability to sample their environment, capture and process exogenous antigens into peptides that are then loaded onto major histocompatibility complex class I molecules for presentation to CD8+ T cells. This process, called cross-presentation, is essential for initiating and regulating CD8+ T cell responses against tumors and intracellular pathogens. In this review, we will discuss the role of DCs in cancer immunity, the molecular mechanisms underlying antigen cross-presentation by DCs, the immunosuppressive factors that limit the efficiency of this process in cancer, and approaches to overcome DC dysfunction and therapeutically promote antitumoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lélia Delamarre
- Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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14
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Oba T, Long MD, Ito KI, Ito F. Clinical and immunological relevance of SLAMF6 expression in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer and melanoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2394. [PMID: 38287061 PMCID: PMC10825192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence shows that the frequency of T cells in the tumor microenvironment correlates with prognosis as well as response to immunotherapy. However, considerable heterogeneity exists within tumor-infiltrating T cells, and significance of their genomic and transcriptomic landscape on clinical outcomes remains to be elucidated. Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule 6 (SLAMF6) is expressed on intra-tumoral progenitor-exhausted T cells, which exhibit the capacity to proliferate, self-renew and produce terminally-exhausted T cells in pre-clinical models and patients. Here, we investigated the impact of SLAMF6 expression on prognosis in two immunologically different tumor types using publicly available databases. Our findings demonstrate that high SLAMF6 expression is associated with better prognosis, expression of TCF7 (encoding T-cell factor 1), and increased gene signatures associated with conventional type 1 dendritic cells and effector function of T cells in melanoma and breast cancer. Single-cell profiling of breast cancer tumor microenvironment reveals SLAMF6 expression overlaps CD8 T cells with a T-effector signature, which includes subsets expressing TCF7, memory and effector-related genes, analogous to progenitor-exhausted T cells. These findings illustrate the significance of SLAMF6 in the tumor as a marker for better effector responses, and provide insights into the predictive and prognostic determinants for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Oba
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Mark D Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Ito
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Fumito Ito
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy St. NRT 3505, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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15
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Tu HF, Kung YJ, Lim L, Tao J, Hu MH, Cheng M, Xing D, Wu TC, Hung CF. FLT3L-induced virtual memory CD8 T cells engage the immune system against tumors. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:19. [PMID: 38287325 PMCID: PMC10826030 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research in FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligands (FLT3L) has primarily focused on their potential to generate dendritic cells (DCs) from bone marrow progenitors, with a limited understanding of how these cells affect CD8 T cell function. In this study, we further investigated the in vivo role of FLT3L for the immunomodulatory capabilities of CD8 T cells. METHODS Albumin-conjugated FLT3L (Alb-FLT3L) was generated and applied for translational medicine purposes; here it was used to treat naïve C57BL/6 and OT1 mice for CD8 T cell response analysis. Syngeneic B16ova and E.G7ova mouse models were employed for adoptive cell transfer to evaluate the effects of Alb-FLT3L preconditioning of CD8 T cells on tumor progression. To uncover the underlying mechanisms of Alb-FLT3L modulation, we conducted bulk RNA-seq analysis of the CD44high CD8 T cells. STAT1-deficient mice were used to elucidate the functional roles of Alb-FLT3L in the modulation of T cells. Finally, antibody blockade of type one interferon signaling and in vitro coculture of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) with naive CD8 T cells was performed to determine the role of pDCs in mediating regulation of CD44high CD8 T cells. RESULTS CD44high CD8 T cells were enhanced in C57BL/6 mice administrated with Alb-FLT3L. These CD8 T cells exhibited virtual memory features and had greater proliferative and effective functions. Notably, the adoptive transfer of CD44high naïve CD8 T cells into C57BL/6 mice with B16ova tumors led to significant tumor regression. RNA-seq analysis of the CD44high naïve CD8 T cells revealed FLT3L to induce CD44high CD8 T cells in a JAK-STAT1 signaling pathway-dependent manner, as supported by results indicating a decreased ability of FLT3L to enhance CD8 T cell proliferation in STAT1-deficient mice as compared to wild-type control mice. Moreover, antibody blockade of type one interferon signaling restricted the generation of FLT3L-induced CD44high CD8 T cells, while CD44 expression was able to be induced in naïve CD8 T cells cocultured with pDCs derived from FLT3L-treated mice. This suggests the crucial role of pDCs in mediating FLT3L regulation of CD44high CD8 T cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide critical insight and support the therapeutic potential of Alb-FLT3L as an immune modulator in preconditioning of naïve CD8 T cells for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Fang Tu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Kung
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ling Lim
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Julia Tao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ming-Hung Hu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Michelle Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Deyin Xing
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - T C Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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16
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Sobral MC, Mooney DJ. Materials-Based Approaches for Cancer Vaccination. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:179-187. [PMID: 38166245 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines offer the promise of stimulating the immune system to specifically eradicate tumor cells and establish long-term memory to prevent tumor recurrence. However, despite showing benign safety profiles and the ability to generate Ag-specific cellular responses, cancer vaccines have been hampered by modest clinical efficacy. Lessons learned from these studies have led to the emergence of innovative materials-based strategies that aim to boost the clinical activity of cancer vaccines. In this Brief Review, we provide an overview of the key elements needed for an effective vaccine-induced antitumor response, categorize current approaches to therapeutic cancer vaccination, and explore recent advances in materials-based strategies to potentiate cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel C Sobral
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA
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17
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Gillard AG, Shin DH, Hampton LA, Lopez-Rivas A, Parthasarathy A, Fueyo J, Gomez-Manzano C. Targeting Innate Immunity in Glioma Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:947. [PMID: 38256021 PMCID: PMC10815900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a lack of effective therapies for the majority of glioblastomas (GBMs), the most common and malignant primary brain tumor. While immunotherapies have shown promise in treating various types of cancers, they have had limited success in improving the overall survival of GBM patients. Therefore, advancing GBM treatment requires a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that cause resistance to immunotherapy. Further insights into the innate immune response are crucial for developing more potent treatments for brain tumors. Our review provides a brief overview of innate immunity. In addition, we provide a discussion of current therapies aimed at boosting the innate immunity in gliomas. These approaches encompass strategies to activate Toll-like receptors, induce stress responses, enhance the innate immune response, leverage interferon type-I therapy, therapeutic antibodies, immune checkpoint antibodies, natural killer (NK) cells, and oncolytic virotherapy, and manipulate the microbiome. Both preclinical and clinical studies indicate that a better understanding of the mechanisms governing the innate immune response in GBM could enhance immunotherapy and reinforce the effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Consequently, a more comprehensive understanding of the innate immune response against cancer should lead to better prognoses and increased overall survival for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Gillard
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.G.G.); (D.H.S.); (L.A.H.); (A.L.-R.); (A.P.)
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dong Ho Shin
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.G.G.); (D.H.S.); (L.A.H.); (A.L.-R.); (A.P.)
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lethan A. Hampton
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.G.G.); (D.H.S.); (L.A.H.); (A.L.-R.); (A.P.)
| | - Andres Lopez-Rivas
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.G.G.); (D.H.S.); (L.A.H.); (A.L.-R.); (A.P.)
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Akhila Parthasarathy
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.G.G.); (D.H.S.); (L.A.H.); (A.L.-R.); (A.P.)
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juan Fueyo
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.G.G.); (D.H.S.); (L.A.H.); (A.L.-R.); (A.P.)
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Candelaria Gomez-Manzano
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.G.G.); (D.H.S.); (L.A.H.); (A.L.-R.); (A.P.)
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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18
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Xu P, Ma J, Zhou Y, Gu Y, Cheng X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Gao M. Radiotherapy-Triggered In Situ Tumor Vaccination Boosts Checkpoint Blockaded Immune Response via Antigen-Capturing Nanoadjuvants. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1022-1040. [PMID: 38131289 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In situ vaccination (ISV) formed with the aid of intratumorally injected adjuvants has shed bright light on enhancing the abscopal therapeutic effects of radiotherapy. However, the limited availability of antigens resulting from the radiotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death largely hampers the clinical outcome of ISV. To maximally utilize the radiotherapy-induced antigen, we herein developed a strategy by capturing the radiotherapy-induced antigen in situ with a nanoadjuvant comprised of CpG-loaded Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The highly efficient click reaction between the maleimide residue on the nanoadjuvant and sulfhydryl group on the antigen maximized the bioavailability of autoantigens and CpG adjuvant in vivo. Importantly, combined immune checkpoint blockade can reverse T cell exhaustion after treatment with radiotherapy-induced ISV, thereby largely suppressing the treated and distant tumor. Mechanistically, metabolomics reveals the intratumorally injected nanoadjuvants disrupt redox homeostasis in the tumor microenvironment, further inducing tumor ferroptosis after radiotherapy. Overall, the current study highlights the immense potential of the innovative antigen-capturing nanoadjuvants for synergistically enhancing the antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xu
- Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, The Affiliated Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, The Affiliated Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaju Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yangyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
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19
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Shree T, Haebe S, Czerwinski DK, Eckhert E, Day G, Sathe A, Grimes S, Frank MJ, Maeda LS, Alizadeh AA, Advani R, Hoppe RT, Long SR, Martin B, Ozawa MG, Khodadoust MS, Ji HP, Levy R. A clinical trial of therapeutic vaccination in lymphoma with serial tumor sampling and single-cell analysis. Blood Adv 2024; 8:130-142. [PMID: 37939259 PMCID: PMC10787245 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT In situ vaccination (ISV) triggers an immune response to tumor-associated antigens at 1 tumor site, which can then tackle the disease throughout the body. Here, we report clinical and biological results of a phase 1/2 ISV trial in patients with low-grade lymphoma, combining an intratumoral toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist with local low-dose radiation and ibrutinib (an inhibitor of B- and T-cell kinases). Adverse events were predominately low grade. The overall response rate was 50%, including 1 complete response. All patients experienced tumor reduction at distant sites. Single-cell analyses of serial fine needle aspirates from injected and uninjected tumors revealed correlates of clinical response, such as lower CD47 and higher major histocompatibility complex class II expression on tumor cells, enhanced T-cell and natural killer cell effector function, and reduced immune suppression from transforming growth factor β and inhibitory T regulatory 1 cells. Although changes at the local injected site were more pronounced, changes at distant uninjected sites were more often associated with clinical responses. Functional immune response assays and tracking of T-cell receptor sequences provided evidence of treatment-induced tumor-specific T-cell responses. Induction of immune effectors and reversal of negative regulators were both important in producing clinically meaningful tumor responses. The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02927964.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaya Shree
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Sarah Haebe
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA
- Medical Department III, Ludwig Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Debra K Czerwinski
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA
| | - Erik Eckhert
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA
| | - Grady Day
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA
| | - Anuja Sathe
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA
| | - Susan Grimes
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Matthew J Frank
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA
| | - Lauren S Maeda
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA
| | - Ash A Alizadeh
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA
| | - Ranjana Advani
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA
| | - Richard T Hoppe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Steven R Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Brock Martin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael G Ozawa
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael S Khodadoust
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA
| | - Hanlee P Ji
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ronald Levy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA
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20
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Lam B, Kung YJ, Lin J, Tseng SH, Tu HF, Huang C, Lee B, Velarde E, Tsai YC, Villasmil R, Park ST, Xing D, Hung CF, Wu TC. In situ vaccination via tissue-targeted cDC1 expansion enhances the immunogenicity of chemoradiation and immunotherapy. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e171621. [PMID: 37917174 PMCID: PMC10760964 DOI: 10.1172/jci171621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Even with the prolific clinical use of next-generation cancer therapeutics, many tumors remain unresponsive or become refractory to therapy, creating a medical need. In cancer, DCs are indispensable for T cell activation, so there is a restriction on cytotoxic T cell immunity if DCs are not present in sufficient numbers in the tumor and draining lymph nodes to take up and present relevant cancer antigens. To address this bottleneck, we developed a therapeutic based on albumin fused with FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Alb-Flt3L) that demonstrated superior pharmacokinetic properties compared with Flt3L, including significantly longer half-life, accumulation in tumors and lymph nodes, and cross-presenting-DC expansion following a single injection. We demonstrated that Alb-Flt3L, in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy and radiation therapy, serves as an in situ vaccination strategy capable of engendering polyclonal tumor neoantigen-specific immunity spontaneously. In addition, Alb-Flt3L-mediated tumor control synergized with immune checkpoint blockade delivered as anti-PD-L1. The mechanism of action of Alb-Flt3L treatment revealed a dependency on Batf3, type I IFNs, and plasmacytoid DCs. Finally, the ability of Alb-Flt3L to expand human DCs was explored in humanized mice. We observed significant expansion of human cross-presenting-DC subsets, supporting the notion that Alb-Flt3L could be used clinically to modulate human DC populations in future cancer therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Lam
- Department of Pathology and
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Stanford Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Esteban Velarde
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Rafael Villasmil
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sung Taek Park
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - T.-C. Wu
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Oncology
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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21
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Luri-Rey C, Gomis G, Glez-Vaz J, Manzanal A, Martinez Riaño A, Rodriguez Ruiz ME, Teijeira A, Melero I. Cytotoxicity as a form of immunogenic cell death leading to efficient tumor antigen cross-priming. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:143-151. [PMID: 37822051 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Antigen cross-priming of CD8+ T cells is a critical process necessary for the effective expansion and activation of CD8+ T cells endowed with the ability to recognize and destroy tumor cells. The cross-presentation of tumor antigens to cross-prime CD8+ T cells is mainly mediated, if not only, by a subset of professional antigen-presenting cells termed type-1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1). The demise of malignant cells can be immunogenic if it occurs in the context of premortem stress. These ways of dying are termed immunogenic cell death (ICD) and are associated with biochemical features favoring cDC1 for the efficient cross-priming of tumor antigens. Immunosurveillance and the success of immunotherapies heavily rely on the ability of cytotoxic immune cells, primarily CD8+ T cells and NK cells, to detect and eliminate tumor cells through mechanisms collectively known as cytotoxicity. Recent studies have revealed the significance of NK- and CTL-mediated cytotoxicity as a prominent form of immunogenic cell death, resulting in mechanisms that promote and sustain antigen-specific immune responses. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying the cross-presentation of antigens released during tumor cell killing by cytotoxic immune cells, with an emphasis on the role of cDC1 cells. Indeed, cDC1s are instrumental in the effectiveness of most immunotherapies, underscoring the significance of tumor antigen cross-priming in contexts of immunogenic cell death. The notion of the potent immunogenicity of cell death resulting from NK or cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated cytotoxicity has far-reaching implications for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Luri-Rey
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gomis
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Glez-Vaz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Almudena Manzanal
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez Riaño
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Alvaro Teijeira
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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22
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Nishio K, Pasquet L, Camara K, DiSapio J, Hsu KS, Kato S, Bloom A, Richardson SK, Welsh JA, Jiang T, Jones JC, Cardell S, Watarai H, Terabe M, Olkhanud PB, Howell AR, Berzofsky JA. Lysosomal processing of sulfatide analogs alters target NKT cell specificity and immune responses in cancer. J Clin Invest 2023; 134:e165281. [PMID: 38127463 PMCID: PMC10866642 DOI: 10.1172/jci165281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In a structure-function study of sulfatides that typically stimulate type II NKT cells, we made an unexpected discovery. We compared analogs with sphingosine or phytosphingosine chains and 24-carbon acyl chains with 0-1-2 double bonds (C or pC24:0, 24:1, or 24:2). C24:1 and C24:2 sulfatide presented by the CD1d monomer on plastic stimulated type II, not type I, NKT cell hybridomas, as expected. Unexpectedly, when presented by bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), C24:2 reversed specificity to stimulate type I, not type II, NKT cell hybridomas, mimicking the corresponding β-galactosylceramide (βGalCer) without sulfate. C24:2 induced IFN-γ-dependent immunoprotection against CT26 colon cancer lung metastases, skewed the cytokine profile, and activated conventional DC subset 1 cells (cDC1s). This was abrogated by blocking lysosomal processing with bafilomycin A1, or by sulfite blocking of arylsulfatase or deletion of this enyzme that cleaves off sulfate. Thus, C24:2 was unexpectedly processed in BMDCs from a type II to a type I NKT cell-stimulating ligand, promoting tumor immunity. We believe this is the first discovery showing that antigen processing of glycosylceramides alters the specificity for the target cell, reversing the glycolipid's function from stimulating type II NKT cells to stimulating type I NKT cells, thereby introducing protective functional activity in cancer. We also believe our study uncovers a new role for antigen processing that does not involve MHC loading but rather alteration of which type of cell is responding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Nishio
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lise Pasquet
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kaddy Camara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julia DiSapio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kevin S. Hsu
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shingo Kato
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anja Bloom
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Joshua A. Welsh
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tianbo Jiang
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Jones
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Susanna Cardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Department of Immunology and Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Terabe
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Purevdorj B. Olkhanud
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy R. Howell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jay A. Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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23
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Tong Q, Li K, Huang F, Dai Y, Zhang T, Muaibati M, Abuduyilimu A, Huang X. Extracellular vesicles hybrid plasmid-loaded lipid nanovesicles for synergistic cancer immunotherapy. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100845. [PMID: 37942423 PMCID: PMC10628780 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination immunotherapy of cancer vaccines with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represents a promising therapeutic strategy for immunosuppressed and cold tumors. However, this strategy still faces challenges, including the limited therapeutic efficacy of cancer vaccines and immune-related adverse events associated with systematic delivery of ICIs. Herein, we demonstrate the antitumor immune response induced by outer membrane vesicle from Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk-OMV), which exhibites a favorable safety profile, highlighting the potential application as a natural and biocompatible self-adjuvanting vesicle. Utilizing tumor cell-derived exosome as an antigen source and Akk-OMV as a natural adjuvant, we construct a cancer vaccine formulation of extracellular vesicles hybrid lipid nanovesicles (Lipo@HEV) for enhanced prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination by promoting dendritic cell (DC) maturation in lymph node and activating cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response. The Lipo@HEV is further loaded with plasmid to enable gene therapy-mediated PD-L1 blockade upon peritumoral injection. Meanwhile, it penetrates into lymph node to initiate DC maturation and CTL activation, synergistically inhibiting the established tumor. The fabrication of extracellular vesicles hybrid plasmid-loaded lipid nanovesicles reveals a promising gene therapy-guided and vesicle-based hybrid system for therapeutic cancer vaccination and synergistic immunotherapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tong
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kexin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fanwei Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Munawaer Muaibati
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Abasi Abuduyilimu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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24
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Li R, Hao Y, Pan W, Wang W, Min Y. Monophosphoryl lipid A-assembled nanovaccines enhance tumor immunotherapy. Acta Biomater 2023; 171:482-494. [PMID: 37708924 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer nanovaccines can induce strong antitumor immunity and establish long-term immune memory and have shown potential for curing tumors in some clinical trials. However, weak immunogenicity and safety concerns of nanocarriers limit the clinical translation of some therapeutic nanovaccines. Here, we developed minimal-component cancer nanovaccines, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA)-assembled nanovaccines (MANs), that could facilitate the clinical application of nanovaccines. The MANs were formed by protein antigens extracted from chemotherapy-induced tumor cell cultures and the amphiphilic immune adjuvant MPLA. Compared with free chemotherapy-induced antigens, MANs can activate the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated signalling pathway and promote adaptive immunity against tumor antigens. Mechanistic analysis indicated that MANs induced antigen capture of DCs and promoted the activation of DCs and T cells, thereby optimizing the ratio of CD8+ T/Tregs in tumors and facilitating the transformation of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) from "cold" to "hot". In a CT26 colorectal cancer model, MANs+αPD-1 significantly improved the efficacy of αPD-1 treatment. Our work offers a strategy for designing minimal-component cancer nanovaccines with potential clinical benefits. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: To address the weak immunogenicity of cancer vaccines and the safety concerns of nanocarriers, we prepared MPLA-assembled nanovaccines (MANs) using chemotherapy induced antigens and the immune adjuvant MPLA to promote cancer vaccines to clinical practice. MANs effectively internalized tumor antigens and induced DC maturation, indicating that the initial anti-tumor response had been activated. MANs+αPD-1 induced APCs, CD8+ T cells and memory T cells with positive anti-tumor effects to migrate to tumor tissue, thus leading to the transformation of the tumor immune microenvironment from "cold" to "hot". At the animal level, the combination of MANs and αPD-1 exerted synergistic effects and significantly enhanced tumor immunotherapy. Therefore, the treatment regimen of MANs+αPD-1 has potential clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yuhao Hao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Yuanzeng Min
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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25
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Zhao L, Liu P, Mao M, Zhang S, Bigenwald C, Dutertre CA, Lehmann CHK, Pan H, Paulhan N, Amon L, Buqué A, Yamazaki T, Galluzzi L, Kloeckner B, Silvin A, Pan Y, Chen H, Tian AL, Ly P, Dudziak D, Zitvogel L, Kepp O, Kroemer G. BCL2 Inhibition Reveals a Dendritic Cell-Specific Immune Checkpoint That Controls Tumor Immunosurveillance. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:2448-2469. [PMID: 37623817 PMCID: PMC7615270 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
We developed a phenotypic screening platform for the functional exploration of dendritic cells (DC). Here, we report a genome-wide CRISPR screen that revealed BCL2 as an endogenous inhibitor of DC function. Knockout of BCL2 enhanced DC antigen presentation and activation as well as the capacity of DCs to control tumors and to synergize with PD-1 blockade. The pharmacologic BCL2 inhibitors venetoclax and navitoclax phenocopied these effects and caused a cDC1-dependent regression of orthotopic lung cancers and fibrosarcomas. Thus, solid tumors failed to respond to BCL2 inhibition in mice constitutively devoid of cDC1, and this was reversed by the infusion of DCs. Moreover, cDC1 depletion reduced the therapeutic efficacy of BCL2 inhibitors alone or in combination with PD-1 blockade and treatment with venetoclax caused cDC1 activation, both in mice and in patients. In conclusion, genetic and pharmacologic BCL2 inhibition unveils a DC-specific immune checkpoint that restrains tumor immunosurveillance. SIGNIFICANCE BCL2 inhibition improves the capacity of DCs to stimulate anticancer immunity and restrain cancer growth in an immunocompetent context but not in mice lacking cDC1 or mature T cells. This study indicates that BCL2 blockade can be used to sensitize solid cancers to PD-1/PD-L1-targeting immunotherapy. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2293.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Peng Liu
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Misha Mao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Surgical Oncology Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Department of Respiratory and Critical care Medicine, Union Hospital,Wuhan
| | - Camille Bigenwald
- INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif Cedex, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Charles-Antoine Dutertre
- INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Christian H. K. Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen - European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hui Pan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Nicolas Paulhan
- INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen - European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benoit Kloeckner
- INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Aymeric Silvin
- INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Yuhong Pan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Hui Chen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Ai-Ling Tian
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Pierre Ly
- INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif Cedex, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen - European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif Cedex, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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26
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Zhuang Q, Chao T, Wu Y, Wei T, Ren J, Cao Z, Peng R, Liu Z. Fluorocarbon Modified Chitosan to Enable Transdermal Immunotherapy for Melanoma Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303634. [PMID: 37467294 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rapid development of the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in melanoma treatment, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) still hinders the efficacy of immunotherapy. Recently, using agonists to modulate the TME have presented promising clinical responses in combination with ICB therapies. However, local intratumoral injection as the commonly used administration route for immune agonists would lead to low patient compliance. Herein, it is demonstrated that fluorocarbon modified chitosan (FCS) can self-assemble with immune adjuvant polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), forming nanoparticles that can penetrate through cutaneous barriers to enable transdermal delivery. FCS/poly(I:C) can efficiently activate various types of cells presented on the transdermal route (through the skin into the TME), leading to IRF3-mediated IFN-β induction in the activated cells for tumor repression. Furthermore, transdermal FCS/poly(I:C) treatment can significantly magnify the efficacy of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade in melanoma treatment through activating the immunosuppressive TME. This study approach offered an attractive transdermal approach in combined with ICB therapy for combined immunotherapy, particularly suitable for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhuang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ting Chao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- InnoBM Pharmaceuticals, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jiacheng Ren
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhiqing Cao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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27
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Stickdorn J, Czysch C, Medina-Montano C, Stein L, Xu L, Scherger M, Schild H, Grabbe S, Nuhn L. Peptide-Decorated Degradable Polycarbonate Nanogels for Eliciting Antigen-Specific Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15417. [PMID: 37895096 PMCID: PMC10607756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For successful therapeutic interventions in cancer immunotherapy, strong antigen-specific immune responses are required. To this end, immunostimulating cues must be combined with antigens to simultaneously arrive at antigen-presenting cells and initiate cellular immune responses. Recently, imidazoquinolines have shown their vast potential as small molecular Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonists for immunostimulation when delivered by nanocarriers. At the same time, peptide antigens are promising antigen candidates but require combination with immune-stimulating adjuvants to boost their immunogenicity and exploit their full potential. Consequently, we herein present biodegradable polycarbonate nanogels as versatile delivery system for adjuvants within the particles' core as well as for peptide antigens by surface decoration. For that purpose, orthogonally addressable multifunctional polycarbonate block copolymers were synthesized, enabling adjuvant conjugation through reactive ester chemistry and peptide decoration by strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC). In preparation for SPAAC, CD4+-specific peptide sequences of the model protein antigen ovalbumin were equipped with DBCO-moieties by site-selective modification at their N-terminal cysteine. With their azide groups exposed on their surface, the adjuvant-loaded nanogels were then efficiently decorated with DBCO-functional CD4+-peptides by SPAAC. In vitro evaluation of the adjuvant-loaded peptide-decorated gels then confirmed their strong immunostimulating properties as well as their high biocompatibility. Despite their covalent conjugation, the CD4+-peptide-decorated nanogels led to maturation of primary antigen-presenting cells and the downstream priming of CD4+-T cells. Subsequently, the peptide-decorated nanogels loaded with TLR7/8 agonist were successfully processed by antigen-presenting cells, enabling potent immune responses for future application in antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolina Medina-Montano
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lara Stein
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lujuan Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | | | - Hansjörg Schild
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Cao LL, Kagan JC. Targeting innate immune pathways for cancer immunotherapy. Immunity 2023; 56:2206-2217. [PMID: 37703879 PMCID: PMC10591974 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system is critical for inducing durable and protective T cell responses to infection and has been increasingly recognized as a target for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we present a framework wherein distinct innate immune signaling pathways activate five key dendritic cell activities that are important for T cell-mediated immunity. We discuss molecular pathways that can agonize these activities and highlight that no single pathway can agonize all activities needed for durable immunity. The immunological distinctions between innate immunotherapy administration to the tumor microenvironment versus administration via vaccination are examined, with particular focus on the strategies that enhance dendritic cell migration, interferon expression, and interleukin-1 family cytokine production. In this context, we argue for the importance of appreciating necessity vs. sufficiency when considering the impact of innate immune signaling in inflammation and protective immunity and offer a conceptual guideline for the development of efficacious cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyue L Cao
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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29
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Pittet MJ, Di Pilato M, Garris C, Mempel TR. Dendritic cells as shepherds of T cell immunity in cancer. Immunity 2023; 56:2218-2230. [PMID: 37708889 PMCID: PMC10591862 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In cancer patients, dendritic cells (DCs) in tumor-draining lymph nodes can present antigens to naive T cells in ways that break immunological tolerance. The clonally expanded progeny of primed T cells are further regulated by DCs at tumor sites. Intratumoral DCs can both provide survival signals to and drive effector differentiation of incoming T cells, thereby locally enhancing antitumor immunity; however, the paucity of intratumoral DCs or their expression of immunoregulatory molecules often limits antitumor T cell responses. Here, we review the current understanding of DC-T cell interactions at both priming and effector sites of immune responses. We place emerging insights into DC functions in tumor immunity in the context of DC development, ontogeny, and functions in other settings and propose that DCs control at least two T cell-associated checkpoints of the cancer immunity cycle. Our understanding of both checkpoints has implications for the development of new approaches to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael J Pittet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland; AGORA Cancer Center, Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Mauro Di Pilato
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Christopher Garris
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thorsten R Mempel
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
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30
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Wijfjes Z, van Dalen FJ, Le Gall CM, Verdoes M. Controlling Antigen Fate in Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines by Targeting Dendritic Cell Receptors. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4826-4847. [PMID: 37721387 PMCID: PMC10548474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) orchestrate immune responses and are therefore of interest for the targeted delivery of therapeutic vaccines. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs that excel in presentation of exogenous antigens toward CD4+ T helper cells, as well as cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. DCs are highly heterogeneous and can be divided into subpopulations that differ in abundance, function, and phenotype, such as differential expression of endocytic receptor molecules. It is firmly established that targeting antigens to DC receptors enhances the efficacy of therapeutic vaccines. While most studies emphasize the importance of targeting a specific DC subset, we argue that the differential intracellular routing downstream of the targeted receptors within the DC subset should also be considered. Here, we review the mouse and human receptors studied as target for therapeutic vaccines, focusing on antibody and ligand conjugates and how their targeting affects antigen presentation. We aim to delineate how targeting distinct receptors affects antigen presentation and vaccine efficacy, which will guide target selection for future therapeutic vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Wijfjes
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J. van Dalen
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Camille M. Le Gall
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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31
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Kim H, Choi B, Mouli SK, Choi H, Harris KR, Kulik LM, Lewandowski RJ, Kim DH. Preclinical Development and Validation of Translational Temperature Sensitive Iodized Oil Emulsion Mediated Transcatheter Arterial Chemo-Immuno-Embolization for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300906. [PMID: 37163283 PMCID: PMC10592544 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein a practical strategy for augmenting immune activation in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is presented. Pluronic F127 (PF127) is incorporated with Lipiodol (LPD) to achieve safe and effective delivery of therapeutic agents during transcatheter intra-arterial (IA) local delivery. Enhanced emulsion stability, IA infusion, embolic effect, safety, pharmacokinetics, and tumor response of Doxorubicin loaded PF127-LPD (Dox-PF127-LPD) for TACE in both in vitro and in vivo preclinical VX2 liver cancer rabbit model and N1S1 HCC rat model are demonstrated. Then, transcatheter arterial chemo-immuno-embolization (TACIE) combining TACE and local delivery of immune adjuvant (TLR9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotide) is successfully performed using CpG-loaded Dox-PF127-LPD. Concurrent and safe local delivery of CpG and TACE during TACIE demonstrate leveraged TACE-induced immunogenic tumor microenvironment and augment systemic anti-tumor immunity in syngeneic N1S1 HCC rat model. Finally, the broad utility and enhanced therapeutic efficacy of TACIE are validated in the diethylnitrosamine-induced rat HCC model. TACIE using clinically established protocols and materials shall be a convenient and powerful therapeutic approach that can be translated to patients with HCC. The robust anti-cancer immunity and tumor regression of TACIE, along with its favorable safety profile, indicate its potential as a novel localized combination immunotherapy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heegon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Bongseo Choi
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samdeep K. Mouli
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hyunjun Choi
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kathleen R. Harris
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Laura M. Kulik
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Robert J. Lewandowski
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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32
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Sun Z, Chu Y, Xiao J, Yang Y, Meng F, Wang X, Dong Y, Zhu J, Wu Y, Qin L, Ke Y, Liu B, Liu Q. Enhanced systemic tumor suppression by in situ vaccine combining radiation and OX40 agonist with CpG therapy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:619. [PMID: 37700338 PMCID: PMC10498626 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04504-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In situ tumor vaccine has been gradually becoming a hot research field for its advantage of achieving personalized tumor therapy without prior antigen identification. Various in situ tumor vaccine regimens have been reported to exert considerable antitumor efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. However, the design of in situ tumor vaccines still needs further optimization and the underlying immune mechanism also waits for deeper investigation. METHODS A novel triple in situ vaccine strategy that combining local radiation with intratumoral injection of TLR9 agonist CpG and OX40 agonist was established in this sturdy. Local and abscopal antitumor efficacy as well as survival benefit were evaluated in the bilateral tumors and pulmonary metastasis model of B16F10 melanoma. In situ vaccine-induced immune responses and immune-associated variation in tumor environment were further investigated using multiparameter flow cytometry and RNA sequencing. Base on the analysis, the RT + CpG + αOX40 triple in situ vaccine was combined with checkpoint blockade therapy to explore the potential synergistic antitumor efficacy. RESULTS Enhanced tumor suppression was observed with minimal toxicity in both treated and untreated abscopal tumors after receiving RT + CpG + αOX40 triple vaccine. The introduction of local radiation and OX40 agonist benefit more to the inhibition of local and abscopal lesions respectively, which might be partially attributed to the increase of effector memory T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Further analysis implied that the triple in situ vaccine did not only activate the microenvironment of treated tumors, with the upregulation of multiple immune-associated pathways, but also enhanced systemic antitumor responses, thus achieved superior systemic tumor control and survival benefit. Moreover, the triple in situ vaccine synergized with checkpoint blockade therapy, and significantly improved the therapeutic effect of anti-programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 antibody. CONCLUSION This triple combining in situ vaccine induced intensive antitumor responses, mediated effective systemic tumor control and survival benefit, and displayed impressive synergistic antitumor effect with checkpoint blockade therapy. These data preliminary confirmed the efficacy, feasibility and safety of the triple combining in situ vaccine, suggesting its great application potential as both monotherapy and a part of combined immunotherapeutic regimens in clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichen Sun
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanhong Chu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- The Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- The Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueling Yang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fanyan Meng
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- The Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- The Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanbing Dong
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- The Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junmeng Zhu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- The Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yirong Wu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- The Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lanqun Qin
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaohua Ke
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- The Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- The Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qin Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- The Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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33
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Ou F, Ferris ST, Kim S, Wu R, Anderson DA, Liu TT, Jo S, Chen MY, Gillanders WE, Murphy TL, Murphy KM. Enhanced in vitro type 1 conventional dendritic cell generation via the recruitment of hematopoietic stem cells and early progenitors by Kit ligand. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250201. [PMID: 37424050 PMCID: PMC11040600 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In vitro culture of bone marrow (BM) with Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) is widely used to study development and function of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1). Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and many progenitor populations that possess cDC1 potential in vivo do not express Flt3 and thus may not contribute to Flt3L-mediated cDC1 production in vitro. Here, we present a KitL/Flt3L protocol that recruits such HSCs and progenitors into the production of cDC1. Kit ligand (KitL) is used to expand HSCs and early progenitors lacking Flt3 expression into later stage where Flt3 is expressed. Following this initial KitL phase, a second Flt3L phase is used to support the final production of DCs. With this two-stage culture, we achieved approximately tenfold increased production of both cDC1 and cDC2 compared to Flt3L culture. cDC1 derived from this culture are similar to in vivo cDC1 in their dependence on IRF8, ability to produce IL-12, and induction of tumor regression in cDC1-deficient tumor-bearing mice. This KitL/Flt3L system for cDC1 production will be useful in further analysis of cDC1 that rely on in vitro generation from BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiya Ou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen T. Ferris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sunkyung Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Renee Wu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A. Anderson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Suin Jo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Y. Chen
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William E. Gillanders
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Theresa L. Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Garland KM, Kwiatkowski AJ, Tossberg JT, Crooke PS, Aune TM, Wilson JT. Nanoparticle Delivery of Immunostimulatory Alu RNA for Cancer Immunotherapy. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1800-1809. [PMID: 37691856 PMCID: PMC10487107 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
It was recently found that patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis exhibit widespread loss of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, which contributes to the accumulation of immunostimulatory double-stranded Alu RNA in circulating leukocytes and an attendant increase in levels of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., type I IFNs). A specific Alu RNA (i.e., AluJb RNA) was implicated in activating multiple RNA-sensing pathways and found to be a potent innate immune agonist. Here, we have performed a bioinformatic analysis of A-to-I RNA editing in human melanoma samples and determined that pre-therapy levels of A-to-I RNA editing negatively correlate with survival times, suggesting that an accumulation of endogenous double-stranded Alu RNA might contribute to cancer patient survival. Furthermore, we demonstrated that immunostimulatory Alu RNA can be leveraged pharmacologically for cancer immunotherapy. AluJb RNA was in vitro transcribed and then formulated with endosome-destabilizing polymer nanoparticles to improve intracellular delivery of the RNA and enable activation of RNA-sensing pathways. AluJb RNA/polymer complexes (i.e., Alu-NPs) were engineered to form colloidally stable nanoparticles that exhibited immunostimulatory activity in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the therapeutic potential of Alu-NPs for the treatment of cancer was demonstrated by attenuated tumor growth and prolonged survival in the B16.F10 murine melanoma tumor model. Thus, these data collectively implicate intratumoral Alu RNA as a potentiator of antitumor innate immunity and identify AluJb RNA as a novel nucleic acid immunotherapeutic for cancer. Significance Loss of A-to-I editing leads to accumulation of unedited Alu RNAs that activate innate immunity via RNA-sensing pattern recognition receptors. When packaged into endosome-releasing polymer nanoparticles, AluJB RNA becomes highly immunostimulatory and can be used pharmacologically to inhibit tumor growth in mouse melanoma models. These findings identify Alu RNAs as a new class of nucleic acid innate immune agonists for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. Garland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alexander J. Kwiatkowski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John T. Tossberg
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Philip S. Crooke
- Department of Mathematics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Thomas M. Aune
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John T. Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Lee KW, Yam JWP, Mao X. Dendritic Cell Vaccines: A Shift from Conventional Approach to New Generations. Cells 2023; 12:2147. [PMID: 37681880 PMCID: PMC10486560 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the emerging era of cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) and adoptive cell transfer therapies (ACTs) have gained significant attention. However, their therapeutic efficacies are limited due to the presence of cold type tumors, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and immune-related side effects. On the other hand, dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines have been suggested as a new cancer immunotherapy regimen that can address the limitations encountered by ICBs and ACTs. Despite the success of the first generation of DC-based vaccines, represented by the first FDA-approved DC-based therapeutic cancer vaccine Provenge, several challenges remain unsolved. Therefore, new DC vaccine strategies have been actively investigated. This review addresses the limitations of the currently most adopted classical DC vaccine and evaluates new generations of DC vaccines in detail, including biomaterial-based, immunogenic cell death-inducing, mRNA-pulsed, DC small extracellular vesicle (sEV)-based, and tumor sEV-based DC vaccines. These innovative DC vaccines are envisioned to provide a significant breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy landscape and are expected to be supported by further preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Won Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (K.-W.L.); (J.W.P.Y.)
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (K.-W.L.); (J.W.P.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Hu H, Yang W, Xia X, Lei L, Lin R, Li J, Li Y, Gao H. In Situ Tumor Vaccine for Lymph Nodes Delivery and Cancer Therapy Based on Small Size Nanoadjuvant. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301041. [PMID: 37078903 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor vaccine is a promising cancer treatment modality, however, the convenient antigens loading in vivo and efficient delivery of vaccines to lymph nodes (LNs) still remain a formidable challenge. Herein, an in situ nanovaccine strategy targeting LNs to induce powerful antitumor immune responses by converting the primary tumor into whole-cell antigens and then delivering these antigens and nanoadjuvants simultaneously to LNs is proposed. The in situ nanovaccine is based on a hydrogel system, which loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and nanoadjuvant CpG-P-ss-M. The gel system exhibits ROS-responsive release of DOX and CpG-P-ss-M, generating abundant in situ storage of whole-cell tumor antigens. CpG-P-ss-M adsorbs tumor antigens through the positive surface charge and achieves charge reversal, forming small-sized and negatively charged tumor vaccines in situ, which are then primed to LNs. Eventually, the tumor vaccine promotes antigens uptake by dendritic cells (DCs), maturation of DCs, and proliferation of T cells. Moreover, the vaccine combined with anti-CTLA4 antibody and losartan inhibits tumor growth by 50%, significantly increasing the percentage of splenic cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), and generating tumor-specific immune responses. Overall, the treatment effectively inhibits primary tumor growth and induces tumor-specific immune response. This study provides a scalable strategy for in situ tumor vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haili Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiamei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Ascierto PA, Avallone A, Bifulco C, Bracarda S, Brody JD, Emens LA, Ferris RL, Formenti SC, Hamid O, Johnson DB, Kirchhoff T, Klebanoff CA, Lesinski GB, Monette A, Neyns B, Odunsi K, Paulos CM, Powell DJ, Rezvani K, Segal BH, Singh N, Sullivan RJ, Fox BA, Puzanov I. Perspectives in Immunotherapy: meeting report from Immunotherapy Bridge (Naples, November 30th-December 1st, 2022). J Transl Med 2023; 21:488. [PMID: 37475035 PMCID: PMC10360352 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery and development of novel treatments that harness the patient's immune system and prevent immune escape has dramatically improved outcomes for patients across cancer types. However, not all patients respond to immunotherapy, acquired resistance remains a challenge, and responses are poor in certain tumors which are considered to be immunologically cold. This has led to the need for new immunotherapy-based approaches, including adoptive cell transfer (ACT), therapeutic vaccines, and novel immune checkpoint inhibitors. These new approaches are focused on patients with an inadequate response to current treatments, with emerging evidence of improved responses in various cancers with new immunotherapy agents, often in combinations with existing agents. The use of cell therapies, drivers of immune response, and trends in immunotherapy were the focus of the Immunotherapy Bridge (November 30th-December 1st, 2022), organized by the Fondazione Melanoma Onlus, Naples, Italy, in collaboration with the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo A Ascierto
- Department of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumor IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Avallone
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Bifulco
- Translational Molecular Pathology and Molecular Genomics, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sergio Bracarda
- Department of Oncology, Medical and Translational Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria, Terni, Italy
| | - Joshua D Brody
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leisha A Emens
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Ankyra Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Omid Hamid
- The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, A Cedars-Sinai Affiliate, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tomas Kirchhoff
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher A Klebanoff
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne Monette
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bart Neyns
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Translational Research for Cutaneous Malignancies, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel J Powell
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brahm H Segal
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nathan Singh
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Melanoma Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Igor Puzanov
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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38
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Zhang Y, Xue W, Xu C, Nan Y, Mei S, Ju D, Wang S, Zhang X. Innate Immunity in Cancer Biology and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11233. [PMID: 37510993 PMCID: PMC10379825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies including adaptive immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have developed the treatment of cancer in clinic, and most of them focus on activating T cell immunity. Although these strategies have obtained unprecedented clinical responses, only limited subsets of cancer patients could receive long-term benefits, highlighting the demand for identifying novel targets for the new era of tumor immunotherapy. Innate immunity has been demonstrated to play a determinative role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and influence the clinical outcomes of tumor patients. A thorough comprehension of the innate immune cells that infiltrate tumors would allow for the development of new therapeutics. In this review, we outline the role and mechanism of innate immunity in TME. Moreover, we discuss innate immunity-based cancer immunotherapy in basic and clinical studies. Finally, we summarize the challenges in sufficiently motivating innate immune responses and the corresponding strategies and measures to improve anti-tumor efficacy. This review could aid the comprehension of innate immunity and inspire the creation of brand-new immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenjing Xue
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Caili Xu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanyang Nan
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuang Mei
- Shanghai Tinova Immune Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201413, China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shaofei Wang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuyao Zhang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Aleynick M, Svensson-Arvelund J, Pantsulaia G, Kim K, Rose SA, Upadhyay R, Yellin M, Marsh H, Oreper D, Jhunjhunwala S, Moussion CC, Merad M, Brown BD, Brody JD. Pattern recognition receptor agonists in pathogen vaccines mediate antitumor T-cell cross-priming. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007198. [PMID: 37487664 PMCID: PMC10373699 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer immunotherapies are generally effective in patients whose tumors contain a priori primed T-cells reactive to tumor antigens (TA). One approach to prime TA-reactive T-cells is to administer immunostimulatory molecules, cells, or pathogens directly to the tumor site, that is, in situ vaccination (ISV). We recently described an ISV using Flt3L to expand and recruit dendritic cells (DC), radiotherapy to load DC with TA, and pattern recognition receptor agonists (PRRa) to activate TA-loaded DC. While ISV trials using synthetic PRRa have yielded systemic tumor regressions, the optimal method to activate DCs is unknown. METHODS To discover optimal DC activators and increase access to clinical grade reagents, we assessed whether viral or bacterial components found in common pathogen vaccines are an effective source of natural PRRa (naPRRa). Using deep profiling (155-metric) of naPRRa immunomodulatory effects and gene editing of specific PRR, we defined specific signatures and molecular mechanisms by which naPRRa potentiate T-cell priming. RESULTS We observed that vaccine naPRRa can be even more potent in activating Flt3L-expanded murine and human DCs than synthetic PRRa, promoting cross-priming of TA-reactive T-cells. We developed a mechanistically diverse naPRRa combination (BCG, PedvaxHIB, Rabies) and noted more potent T-cell cross-priming than with any single naPRRa. The naPRRa triplet-as part of Flt3L-primed ISV-induced greater intratumoral CD8 T-cell infiltration, T-cells reactive to a newly defined tumorous neoantigen, durable tumor regressions. CONCLUSIONS This work provides rationale for the translation of pathogen vaccines as FDA-approved clinical-grade DC activators which could be exploited as immune-stimulants for early phase trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Aleynick
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Judit Svensson-Arvelund
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gvantsa Pantsulaia
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kristy Kim
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samuel A Rose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ranjan Upadhyay
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Henry Marsh
- Celldex Therapeutics Inc, Hampton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | - Miriam Merad
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brian D Brown
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua D Brody
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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40
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Le Naour J, Thierry S, Scuderi SA, Boucard-Jourdin M, Liu P, Bonnin M, Pan Y, Perret C, Zhao L, Mao M, Renoux C, Pérez-Lanzón M, Martin B, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Werlé B. A Chemically Defined TLR3 Agonist with Anticancer Activity. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2227510. [PMID: 37389102 PMCID: PMC10305499 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2227510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonists such as polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) have immunostimulatory effects that can be taken advantage of to induce anticancer immune responses in preclinical models. In addition, poly(I:C) has been introduced into clinical trials to demonstrate its efficacy as an adjuvant and to enhance the immunogenicity of locally injected tumors, thus reverting resistance to PD-L1 blockade in melanoma patients. Here, we report the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, mechanistic and toxicological profile of a novel TLR3 agonist, TL-532, a chemically synthesized double-stranded RNA that is composed by blocks of poly(I:C) and poly(A:U) (polyadenylic - polyuridylic acid). In preclinical models, we show that TL-532 is bioavailable after parenteral injection, has an acceptable toxicological profile, and stimulates the production of multiple chemokines and interleukins that constitute pharmacodynamic markers of its immunostimulatory action. When given at a high dose, TL-532 monotherapy reduced the growth of bladder cancers growing on mice. In addition, in immunodeficient mice lacking formylpeptide receptor-1 (FPR1), TL-532 was able to restore the response of orthotopic subcutaneous fibrosarcoma to immunogenic chemotherapy. Altogether, these findings may encourage further development of TL-532 as an immunotherapeutic anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Le Naour
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Sarah Adriana Scuderi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Peng Liu
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Yuhong Pan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Liwei Zhao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Misha Mao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | | | - María Pérez-Lanzón
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Oliver Kepp
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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41
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Dabaja B, Spiotto M. Radiation for hematologic malignancies: from cell killing to immune cell priming. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1205836. [PMID: 37384297 PMCID: PMC10299853 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1205836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past half-century, the role of radiotherapy has been revolutionized, in part, by a shift from intent to directly kill cancer cells to the goal of priming anti-tumor immune responses that attack both irradiated and non-irradiated tumors. Stimulation of anti-tumor immunity depends on the interplay between radiation, the tumor microenvironment, and the host immune system, which is a burgeoning concept in cancer immunology. While the interplay of radiotherapy and the immune system has been primarily studied in solid tumors, we are beginning to understand this interplay in hematological malignancies. The intent of this review is to lead readers through some of the important recent advances in immunotherapy and adoptive cell therapy, highlighting the best available evidence in support of incorporating radiation therapy and immunotherapy into the treatment of hematological malignancies. Evidence is presented regarding how radiation therapy 'converses' with the immune system to stimulate and enhance anti-tumor immune responses. This pro-immunogenic role of radiotherapy can be combined with monoclonal antibodies, cytokines and/or other immunostimulatory agents to enhance the regression of hematological malignancies. Furthermore, we will discuss how radiotherapy facilitates the effectiveness of cellular immunotherapies by acting as a "bridge" that facilitated CAR T cell engraftment and activity. These initial studies suggest radiotherapy may help catalyze a shift from using chemotherapy-intensive treatment to treatment that is "chemo-free" by combining with immunotherapy to target both the radiated and non-irradiated disease sites. This "journey" has opened the door for novel uses of radiotherapy in hematological malignancies due to its ability to prime anti-tumor immune responses which can augment immunotherapy and adoptive cell-based therapy.
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Specht L. Reappraisal of the role of radiation therapy in lymphoma treatment. Hematol Oncol 2023; 41 Suppl 1:75-81. [PMID: 37294967 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) for lymphomas has improved dramatically with modern imaging and treatment techniques, encompassing only the necessary volume with minimal doses to normal structures. Prescribed radiation doses are reduced, and fractionation schedules are under revision. With effective systemic treatment only initial macroscopic disease is irradiated. With no or less effective systemic treatment, possible microscopic disease is also included. Risks of long-term side effects of RT have diminished dramatically and should be weighed against risks from more systemic treatment or increased risk of relapse. Lymphoma patients are often elderly, they tolerate modern limited RT very well. Lymphomas refractory to systemic treatments often remain radioresponsive, and brief, mild RT may offer effective palliation. New roles for RT are emerging with immune therapies. RT for "bridging," keeping the lymphoma under control while waiting for immune therapy, is well established. Enhancement of the immune response to lymphomas, so-called "priming," is being intensively researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Specht
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Medler TR, Blair TC, Alice AF, Dowdell AK, Piening BD, Crittenden MR, Gough MJ. Myeloid MyD88 restricts CD8 + T cell response to radiation therapy in pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8634. [PMID: 37244938 PMCID: PMC10224952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35834-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy induces immunogenic cell death in cancer cells, whereby released endogenous adjuvants are sensed by immune cells to direct adaptive immune responses. TLRs expressed on several immune subtypes recognize innate adjuvants to direct downstream inflammatory responses in part via the adapter protein MyD88. We generated Myd88 conditional knockout mice to interrogate its contribution to the immune response to radiation therapy in distinct immune populations in pancreatic cancer. Surprisingly, Myd88 deletion in Itgax (CD11c)-expressing dendritic cells had little discernable effects on response to RT in pancreatic cancer and elicited normal T cell responses using a prime/boost vaccination strategy. Myd88 deletion in Lck-expressing T cells resulted in similar or worsened responses to radiation therapy compared to wild-type mice and lacked antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses from vaccination, similar to observations in Myd88-/- mice. Lyz2-specific loss of Myd88 in myeloid populations rendered tumors more susceptible to radiation therapy and elicited normal CD8+ T cell responses to vaccination. scRNAseq in Lyz2-Cre/Myd88fl/fl mice revealed gene signatures in macrophages and monocytes indicative of enhanced type I and II interferon responses, and improved responses to RT were dependent on CD8+ T cells and IFNAR1. Together, these data implicate MyD88 signaling in myeloid cells as a critical source of immunosuppression that hinders adaptive immune tumor control following radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry R Medler
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Suite 2N100, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Tiffany C Blair
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Suite 2N100, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Alejandro F Alice
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Suite 2N100, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Alexa K Dowdell
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Suite 2N100, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Brian D Piening
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Suite 2N100, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Marka R Crittenden
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Suite 2N100, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
- The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael J Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Suite 2N100, Portland, OR, 97213, USA.
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Park HY, Ashayeripanah M, Chopin M. Harnessing dendritic cell diversity in cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 82:102341. [PMID: 37236040 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are ubiquitous immune cells endowed with a unique capacity to initiate antigen-specific immunity and tolerance. Owing to their unique functional attributes, DCs have long been considered ideal candidates for the induction of effective antitumour responses. At the forefront of the cancer-immunity cycle, attempts to harness DC natural adjuvant properties in the clinic have resulted so far in suboptimal antitumour responses. A better understanding of the heterogeneity of the DC network and its dynamics within the tumour microenvironment will provide a blueprint to fully capitalise on their functional properties to achieve more effective antitumour responses. In this review, we will briefly summarise the origin and heterogeneity of the DC network, their roles in shaping antitumour immunity and in modulating the response to immune checkpoint blockade therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Young Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 15 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mitra Ashayeripanah
- Department of Biochemistry, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 15 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michaël Chopin
- Department of Biochemistry, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 15 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Greening DW, Xu R, Ale A, Hagemeyer CE, Chen W. Extracellular vesicles as next generation immunotherapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 90:73-100. [PMID: 36773820 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) function as a mode of intercellular communication and molecular transfer to elicit diverse biological/functional response. Accumulating evidence has highlighted that EVs from immune, tumour, stromal cells and even bacteria and parasites mediate the communication of various immune cell types to dynamically regulate host immune response. EVs have an innate capacity to evade recognition, transport and transfer functional components to target cells, with subsequent removal by the immune system, where the immunological activities of EVs impact immunoregulation including modulation of antigen presentation and cross-dressing, immune activation, immune suppression, and immune surveillance, impacting the tumour immune microenvironment. In this review, we outline the recent progress of EVs in immunorecognition and therapeutic intervention in cancer, including vaccine and targeted drug delivery and summarise their utility towards clinical translation. We highlight the strategies where EVs (natural and engineered) are being employed as a therapeutic approach for immunogenicity, tumoricidal function, and vaccine development, termed immuno-EVs. With seminal studies providing significant progress in the sequential development of engineered EVs as therapeutic anti-tumour platforms, we now require direct assessment to tune and improve the efficacy of resulting immune responses - essential in their translation into the clinic. We believe such a review could strengthen our understanding of the progress in EV immunobiology and facilitate advances in engineering EVs for the development of novel EV-based immunotherapeutics as a platform for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Rong Xu
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anukreity Ale
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christoph E Hagemeyer
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Weisan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
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Su C, Himes JE, Kirsch DG. Relationship between the tumor microenvironment and the efficacy of the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 378:201-232. [PMID: 37438018 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Activating and recruiting the immune system is critical for successful cancer treatment. Since the discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunotherapy has become the standard of care for many types of cancers. However, many patients fail to respond to immunotherapy. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of resistance and adjuvant therapies that can help sensitize patients to immunotherapies. Here, we will discuss how radiotherapy can change the tumor microenvironment and work synergistically with immunotherapy. We will examine different pre-clinical models focusing on their limitations and their unique advantages in studying the efficacy of treatments and the tumor microenvironment. We will also describe emerging findings from clinical trials testing the combination of immunotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Molecular Cancer Biology Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jonathon E Himes
- Molecular Cancer Biology Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.
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Wang Y, Wu Y, Li L, Ma C, Zhang S, Lin S, Zhang LW, Wang Y, Gao M. Chemotherapy-Sensitized In Situ Vaccination for Malignant Osteosarcoma Enabled by Bioinspired Calcium Phosphonate Nanoagents. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6247-6260. [PMID: 36961255 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
How to effectively treat malignant osteosarcoma remains clinically challenging. Programmed delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and immunostimulants may offer a universal strategy for killing osteosarcoma cells while simultaneously eliciting in situ antitumor immunity. However, targeted chemoimmunotherapy lacks a reliable delivery system. To address this issue, we herein developed a bioinspired calcium phosphonate nanoagent that was synthesized by chemical reactions between Ca2+ and phosphonate residue from zoledronic acid using bovine serum albumin as a scaffold. In addition, methotrexate combination with a phosphorothioate CpG immunomodulator was also loaded for pH-responsive delivery to enable synergistic chemoimmunotherapy of osteosarcoma. The calcium phosphonate nanoagents were found to effectively accumulate in osteosarcoma for nearly 1 week, which is favorable for exerting the vaccination effects in situ by maturing dendritic cells and priming CD8+ T cells to suppress the osteosarcoma progression and pulmonary metastasis through controlled release of the three loaded agents in the acidic tumor microenvironment. The current study may thus offer a reliable delivery platform for achieving targeted chemotherapy-induced in situ antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanxian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liubing Li
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Chunjie Ma
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Shaodian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Subin Lin
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Leshuai W Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Haroun R, Naasri S, Oweida AJ. Toll-Like Receptors and the Response to Radiotherapy in Solid Tumors: Challenges and Opportunities. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040818. [PMID: 37112730 PMCID: PMC10146579 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are indispensable for the activation, maintenance and halting of immune responses. TLRs can mediate inflammation by recognizing molecular patterns in microbes (pathogen-associated molecular patterns: PAMPs) and endogenous ligands (danger-associated molecular patterns: DAMPs) released by injured or dead cells. For this reason, TLR ligands have attracted much attention in recent years in many cancer vaccines, alone or in combination with immunotherapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT). TLRs have been shown to play controversial roles in cancer, depending on various factors that can mediate tumor progression or apoptosis. Several TLR agonists have reached clinical trials and are being evaluated in combination with standard of care therapies, including RT. Despite their prolific and central role in mediating immune responses, the role of TLRs in cancer, particularly in response to radiation, remains poorly understood. Radiation is recognized as either a direct stimulant of TLR pathways, or indirectly through the damage it causes to target cells that subsequently activate TLRs. These effects can mediate pro-tumoral and anti-tumoral effects depending on various factors such as radiation dose and fractionation, as well as host genomic features. In this review, we examine how TLR signaling affects tumor response to RT, and we provide a framework for the design of TLR-based therapies with RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryma Haroun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1N 0Y8, Canada
| | - Sahar Naasri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1N 0Y8, Canada
| | - Ayman J Oweida
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1N 0Y8, Canada
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Fan L, Sui XY, Jin X, Zhang WJ, Zhou P, Shao ZM. High expression of TLR3 in triple-negative breast cancer predicts better prognosis-data from the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center cohort and tissue microarrays. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:298. [PMID: 37005579 PMCID: PMC10067281 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have previously reported that Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) acts as a suppressor gene for breast cancer initiation and progression. In this study, we evaluated the role of TLR3 in breast cancer using our original Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) datasets and breast cancer tissue microarrays. METHODS Using FUSCC multiomics datasets on triple- negative breast cancer (TNBC), we compared the mRNA expression of TLR3 in TNBC tissue and the adjacent normal tissue. A Kaplan-Meier plotter was performed to investigate the expression of TLR3 on prognosis in the FUSCC TNBC cohort. We performed immunohistochemical staining to analyze TLR3 protein expression in the TNBC tissue microarrays. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis was performed using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data to verify the results of our FUSCC study. The relationship between TLR3 and clinicopathological features was analyzed with logistic regression and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The association between clinical characteristics and overall survival in TCGA patients was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify signaling pathways that are differentially activated in breast cancer. RESULTS The mRNA expression of TLR3 was lower in TNBC tissue than in the adjacent normal tissue in the FUSCC datasets. The TLR3 had high expression in immunomodulatory (IM) and mesenchymal-like (MES) subtypes and low expression in luminal androgen receptor (LAR) and basal-like immune-suppressed (BLIS) subtypes. High expression of TLR3 in TNBC predicted better prognosis in the FUSCC TNBC cohort. Immunohistochemical staining of the tissue microarrays showed that TLR3 had lower expression in breast cancer tissues than in the adject normal tissues. Furthermore, the TLR3 expression was positively associated with B cell, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and myeloid dendritic cells. Bioinformatic analysis using high-throughput RNA-sequencing data from the TCGA demonstrated that the reduced expression of TLR3 in breast cancer was associated with advanced clinicopathological characteristics, survival time, and poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS TLR3 has low expression in TNBC tissue. High expression of TLR3 in triple-negative breast cancer predicts better prognosis. TLR3 expression may be a potential prognostic molecular marker of poor survival in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin-Yi Sui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Juan Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Parkway Health, Shanghai, China.
- Runshangshan Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Zhang Y, Li N, Li H, Chen M, Jiang W, Guo W. Thiram, an inhibitor of 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, enhances the inhibitory effects of hydrocortisone in the treatment of osteosarcoma through Wnt/β-catenin pathway. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 24:20. [PMID: 36978114 PMCID: PMC10045229 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The anti-osteosarcoma effects of hydrocortisone and thiram, an inhibitor of type 2 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11HSD2), have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hydrocortisone alone or the combination of hydrocortisone with thiram on osteosarcoma and the molecular mechanism, and determine whether they can be as new therapeutic agents for osteosarcoma. Methods Normal bone cells and osteosarcoma cells were treated with hydrocortisone or thiram alone or in combination. The cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by using CCK8 assay, wound healing assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. An osteosarcoma mouse model was established. The effect of drugs on osteosarcoma in vivo was assessed by measuring tumor volume. Transcriptome sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, RT–qPCR, Western blotting (WB), enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and siRNA transfection were performed to determine the molecular mechanisms. Results Hydrocortisone inhibited the proliferation and migration, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Hydrocortisone also reduced the volume of osteosarcoma in mice in vivo. Mechanistically, hydrocortisone decreased the levels of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-associated proteins, and induced the expression of glucocorticoid receptor α (GCR), CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBP-beta) and 11HSD2, resulting in a hydrocortisone resistance loop. Thiram inhibited the activity of the 11HSD2 enzyme, the combination of thiram and hydrocortisone further enhanced the inhibition of osteosarcoma through Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions Hydrocortisone inhibits osteosarcoma through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thiram inhibits 11HSD2 enzyme activity, reducing hydrocortisone inactivation and promoting the effect of hydrocortisone through the same pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-023-00655-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Clinical Translational Innovation Center/Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan Univicity, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanjing Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Division of of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - He Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610044 People’s Republic of China
| | - Maojia Chen
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Animal Experiment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Clinical Translational Innovation Center/Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan Univicity, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Guo
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041 People’s Republic of China
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