1
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Mouratidis I, Baltoumas FA, Chantzi N, Patsakis M, Chan CS, Montgomery A, Konnaris MA, Aplakidou E, Georgakopoulos GC, Das A, Chartoumpekis DV, Kovac J, Pavlopoulos GA, Georgakopoulos-Soares I. kmerDB: A database encompassing the set of genomic and proteomic sequence information for each species. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:1919-1928. [PMID: 38711760 PMCID: PMC11070822 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The decrease in sequencing expenses has facilitated the creation of reference genomes and proteomes for an expanding array of organisms. Nevertheless, no established repository that details organism-specific genomic and proteomic sequences of specific lengths, referred to as kmers, exists to our knowledge. In this article, we present kmerDB, a database accessible through an interactive web interface that provides kmer-based information from genomic and proteomic sequences in a systematic way. kmerDB currently contains 202,340,859,107 base pairs and 19,304,903,356 amino acids, spanning 54,039 and 21,865 reference genomes and proteomes, respectively, as well as 6,905,362 and 149,305,183 genomic and proteomic species-specific sequences, termed quasi-primes. Additionally, we provide access to 5,186,757 nucleic and 214,904,089 peptide sequences absent from every genome and proteome, termed primes. kmerDB features a user-friendly interface offering various search options and filters for easy parsing and searching. The service is available at: www.kmerdb.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Mouratidis
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Fotis A. Baltoumas
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, BSRC "Alexander Fleming", Vari, 16672, Greece
| | - Nikol Chantzi
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Michail Patsakis
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Candace S.Y. Chan
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Austin Montgomery
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Maxwell A. Konnaris
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Eleni Aplakidou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, BSRC "Alexander Fleming", Vari, 16672, Greece
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George C. Georgakopoulos
- National Technical University of Athens, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Athens, Greece
| | - Anshuman Das
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dionysios V. Chartoumpekis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jasna Kovac
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Georgios A. Pavlopoulos
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, BSRC "Alexander Fleming", Vari, 16672, Greece
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Jin C, Jia C, Hu W, Xu H, Shen Y, Yue M. Predicting antimicrobial resistance in E. coli with discriminative position fused deep learning classifier. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:559-565. [PMID: 38274998 PMCID: PMC10809114 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) has become a particular concern due to the increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) observed worldwide. Using machine learning (ML) to predict E. coli AMR is a more efficient method than traditional laboratory testing. However, further improvement in the predictive performance of existing models remains challenging. In this study, we collected 1937 high-quality whole genome sequencing (WGS) data from public databases with an antimicrobial resistance phenotype and modified the existing workflow by adding an attention mechanism to enable the modified workflow to focus more on core single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that may significantly lead to the development of AMR in E. coli. While comparing the model performance before and after adding the attention mechanism, we also performed a cross-comparison among the published models using random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), and convolutional neural network (CNN). Our study demonstrates that the discriminative positional colors of Chaos Game Representation (CGR) images can selectively influence and highlight genome regions without prior knowledge, enhancing prediction accuracy. Furthermore, we developed an online tool (https://github.com/tjiaa/E.coli-ML/tree/main) for assisting clinicians in the rapid prediction of the AMR phenotype of E. coli and accelerating clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canghong Jin
- School of Computer and Computing Science, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Chenghao Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenkang Hu
- School of Computer and Computing Science, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haidong Xu
- School of Computer and Computing Science, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yanyi Shen
- School of Computer and Computing Science, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Min Yue
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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3
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Sann S, Kleinewietfeld M, Cantaert T. Balancing functions of regulatory T cells in mosquito-borne viral infections. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2304061. [PMID: 38192073 PMCID: PMC10812859 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2304061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viral infections are on the rise worldwide and can lead to severe symptoms such as haemorrhage, encephalitis, arthritis or microcephaly. A protective immune response following mosquito-borne viral infections requires the generation of a controlled and balanced immune response leading to viral clearance without immunopathology. Here, regulatory T cells play a central role in restoring immune homeostasis. In current review, we aim to provide an overview and summary of the phenotypes of FOXP3+ Tregs in various mosquito-borne arboviral disease, their association with disease severity and their functional characteristics. Furthermore, we discuss the role of cytokines and Tregs in the immunopathogenesis of mosquito-borne infections. Lastly, we discuss possible novel lines of research which could provide additional insight into the role of Tregs in mosquito-borne viral infections in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches or vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotheary Sann
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Sakamoto T, Fuku A, Horie T, Kitajima H, Nakamura Y, Tanida I, Sunami H, Hirata H, Tachi Y, Iida Y, Yamada S, Yamamoto N, Shimizu Y, Ishigaki Y, Ichiseki T, Kaneuji A, Osawa S, Kawahara N. A novel cell source for therapy of knee osteoarthritis using atelocollagen microsphere-adhered adipose-derived stem cells: Impact of synovial fluid exposure on cell activity. Regen Ther 2024; 27:408-418. [PMID: 38694445 PMCID: PMC11061654 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Administration of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into the joint cavity has been shown to alleviate the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis (OA) by releasing exosomes and anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, the therapeutic effect of these cells is limited by their rapid disappearance after administration. Thus, it is necessary to prolong cell survival in the joint cavity. This study aimed to investigate the potential application of ADSCs adhered to atelocollagen microspheres (AMSs) for cell therapy of knee OA. Methods ADSCs were cultured for 2, 4, and 7 days in AMS suspension or adherent culture dishes. The supernatants were analyzed for IL-10 and exosome secretion via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Nanosight. The effect of AMS was compared with that of adherent-cultured ADSCs (2D-cultured ADSCs) using transcriptome analysis. Moreover, the solubility of AMS and viability of ADSCs were evaluated using synovial fluid (SF) from patients with knee OA. Results Compared with 2D-cultured ADSCs, AMS-cultured ADSCs exhibited a significant increase in secretion of exosomes and IL-10, and the expression of several genes involved in extracellular matrix and immune regulation were altered. Furthermore, when AMS-cultured ADSCs were cultured in SF from knee OA patients to mimic the intra-articular environment, the SF dissolved the AMSs and released viable ADSCs. In addition, AMS-cultured ADSCs showed significantly higher long-term cell viability than 2D-cultured ADSCs. Conclusion Increased survival of AMS-adhered ADSCs was observed in the intra-articular environment, and AMSs were found to gradually dissipate. These results suggest that AMS-adhered ADSCs are promising source for cell therapy of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sakamoto
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fuku
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Horie
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hironori Kitajima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Ikuhiro Tanida
- Genome Biotechnology Laboratory, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Hakusan, 924-0838, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sunami
- Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Medical Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hirata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tachi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yasuo Iida
- Department of Mathematics, Division of General Education, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Support Office for Bioresource Research, Center for Translational Research, Translational Research Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimizu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami, 903-0215, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Ishigaki
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Toru Ichiseki
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kaneuji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Satoshi Osawa
- Genome Biotechnology Laboratory, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Hakusan, 924-0838, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Norio Kawahara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
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Hosseini MS, Bejnordi BE, Trinh VQH, Chan L, Hasan D, Li X, Yang S, Kim T, Zhang H, Wu T, Chinniah K, Maghsoudlou S, Zhang R, Zhu J, Khaki S, Buin A, Chaji F, Salehi A, Nguyen BN, Samaras D, Plataniotis KN. Computational pathology: A survey review and the way forward. J Pathol Inform 2024; 15:100357. [PMID: 38420608 PMCID: PMC10900832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpi.2023.100357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Computational Pathology (CPath) is an interdisciplinary science that augments developments of computational approaches to analyze and model medical histopathology images. The main objective for CPath is to develop infrastructure and workflows of digital diagnostics as an assistive CAD system for clinical pathology, facilitating transformational changes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer that are mainly address by CPath tools. With evergrowing developments in deep learning and computer vision algorithms, and the ease of the data flow from digital pathology, currently CPath is witnessing a paradigm shift. Despite the sheer volume of engineering and scientific works being introduced for cancer image analysis, there is still a considerable gap of adopting and integrating these algorithms in clinical practice. This raises a significant question regarding the direction and trends that are undertaken in CPath. In this article we provide a comprehensive review of more than 800 papers to address the challenges faced in problem design all-the-way to the application and implementation viewpoints. We have catalogued each paper into a model-card by examining the key works and challenges faced to layout the current landscape in CPath. We hope this helps the community to locate relevant works and facilitate understanding of the field's future directions. In a nutshell, we oversee the CPath developments in cycle of stages which are required to be cohesively linked together to address the challenges associated with such multidisciplinary science. We overview this cycle from different perspectives of data-centric, model-centric, and application-centric problems. We finally sketch remaining challenges and provide directions for future technical developments and clinical integration of CPath. For updated information on this survey review paper and accessing to the original model cards repository, please refer to GitHub. Updated version of this draft can also be found from arXiv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi S Hosseini
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSSE), Concordia Univeristy, Montreal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada
| | | | - Vincent Quoc-Huy Trinh
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer of the University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Lyndon Chan
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Danial Hasan
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Xingwen Li
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Stephen Yang
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Taehyo Kim
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Haochen Zhang
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Theodore Wu
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Kajanan Chinniah
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Sina Maghsoudlou
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSSE), Concordia Univeristy, Montreal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - Ryan Zhang
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Jiadai Zhu
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Samir Khaki
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Andrei Buin
- Huron Digitial Pathology, St. Jacobs, ON N0B 2N0, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Chaji
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSSE), Concordia Univeristy, Montreal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - Ala Salehi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Bich Ngoc Nguyen
- University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC H2X 0C2, Canada
| | - Dimitris Samaras
- Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Konstantinos N Plataniotis
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
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6
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Hama Faraj GS, Hussen BM, Abdullah SR, Fatih Rasul M, Hajiesmaeili Y, Baniahmad A, Taheri M. Advanced approaches of the use of circRNAs as a replacement for cancer therapy. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:811-830. [PMID: 38590433 PMCID: PMC10999493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a broad name for a group of diseases in which abnormal cells grow out of control and are characterized by their complexity and recurrence. Although there has been progress in cancer therapy with the entry of precision medicine and immunotherapy, cancer incidence rates have increased globally. Non-coding RNAs in the form of circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in the pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, and therapy of different diseases, including cancer. According to recent studies, circRNAs appear to serve as accurate indicators and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. However, circRNAs are promising candidates for cutting-edge cancer therapy because of their distinctive circular structure, stability, and wide range of capabilities; many challenges persist that decrease the applications of circRNA-based cancer therapeutics. Here, we explore the roles of circRNAs as a replacement for cancer therapy, highlight the main challenges facing circRNA-based cancer therapies, and discuss the key strategies to overcome these challenges to improve advanced innovative therapies based on circRNAs with long-term health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Sedeeq Hama Faraj
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Zhao S, Zhang T, Kan Y, Li H, Li JP. Overview of the current procedures in synthesis of heparin saccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122220. [PMID: 38823902 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Natural heparin, a glycosaminoglycan consisting of repeating hexuronic acid and glucosamine linked by 1 → 4 glycosidic bonds, is the most widely used anticoagulant. To subvert the dependence on animal sourced heparin, alternative methods to produce heparin saccharides, i.e., either heterogenous sugar chains similar to natural heparin, or structurally defined oligosaccharides, are becoming hot subjects. Although the success by chemical synthesis of the pentasaccharide, fondaparinux, encourages to proceed through a chemical approach generating homogenous product, synthesizing larger oligos is still cumbersome and beyond reach so far. Alternatively, the chemoenzymatic pathway exhibited exquisite stereoselectivity of glycosylation and regioselectivity of modification, with the advantage to skip the tedious protection steps unavoidable in chemical synthesis. However, to a scale of drug production needed today is still not in sight. In comparison, a procedure of de novo biosynthesis in an organism could be an ultimate goal. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the current available/developing strategies and techniques, which is expected to provide a comprehensive picture for production of heparin saccharides to replenish or eventually to replace the animal derived products. In chemical and chemoenzymatic approaches, the methodologies are discussed according to the synthesis procedures: building block preparation, chain elongation, and backbone modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siran Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianji Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Kan
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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8
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Taheri S, Ruiz-López MJ, Magallanes S, Figuerola J. Input precision, output excellence: the importance of data quality control and method selection in disease risk mapping. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2024; 42:100944. [PMID: 38831798 PMCID: PMC11144752 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Taheri
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación y Cambio Global, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz-López
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación y Cambio Global, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Magallanes
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación y Cambio Global, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación y Cambio Global, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Hofstra BM, Hoeksema EE, Kas MJH, Verbeek DS. Cross-species analysis uncovers the mitochondrial stress response in the hippocampus as a shared mechanism in mouse early life stress and human depression. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 31:100643. [PMID: 38800537 PMCID: PMC11127276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression, or major depressive disorder, poses a significant burden for both individuals and society, affecting approximately 10.8% of the general population. This psychiatric disorder leads to approximately 800,000 deaths per year. A combination of genetic and environmental factors such as early life stress (ELS) increase the risk for development of depression in humans, and a clear role for the hippocampus in the pathophysiology of depression has been shown. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of depression remain poorly understood, resulting in a lack of effective treatments. To better understand the core mechanisms underlying the development of depression, we used a cross-species design to investigate shared hippocampal pathophysiological mechanisms in mouse ELS and human depression. Mice were subjected to ELS by a maternal separation paradigm, followed by RNA sequencing analysis of the adult hippocampal tissue. This identified persistent transcriptional changes linked to mitochondrial stress response pathways, with oxidative phosphorylation and protein folding emerging as the main mechanisms affected by maternal separation. Remarkably, there was a significant overlap between the pathways involved in mitochondrial stress response we observed and publicly available RNAseq data from hippocampal tissue of depressive patients. This cross-species conservation of changes in gene expression of mitochondria-related genes suggests that mitochondrial stress may play a pivotal role in the development of depression. Our findings highlight the potential significance of the hippocampal mitochondrial stress response as a core mechanism underlying the development of depression. Further experimental investigations are required to expand our understanding of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente M. Hofstra
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emmy E. Hoeksema
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martien JH. Kas
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dineke S. Verbeek
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
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Rasool D, Jan SA, Khan SU, Nahid N, Ashfaq UA, Umar A, Qasim M, Noor F, Rehman A, Shahzadi K, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Nisar MA. Subtractive proteomics-based vaccine targets annotation and reverse vaccinology approaches to identify multiepitope vaccine against Plesiomonas shigelloides. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31304. [PMID: 38845922 PMCID: PMC11153098 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Plesiomonas shigelloides, an aquatic bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, is a frequent cause of gastroenteritis with diarrhea and gastrointestinal severe disease. Despite decades of research, discovering a licensed and globally accessible vaccine is still years away. Developing a putative vaccine that can combat the Plesiomonas shigelloides infection by boosting population immunity against P. shigelloides is direly needed. In the framework of the current study, the entire proteome of P. shigelloides was explored using subtractive genomics integrated with the immunoinformatics approach for designing an effective vaccine construct against P. shigelloides. The overall stability of the vaccine construct was evaluated using molecular docking, which demonstrated that MEV showed higher binding affinities with toll-like receptors (TLR4: 51.5 ± 10.3, TLR2: 60.5 ± 9.2) and MHC receptors(MHCI: 79.7 ± 11.2 kcal/mol, MHCII: 70.4 ± 23.7). Further, the therapeutic efficacy of the vaccine construct for generating an efficient immune response was evaluated by computational immunological simulation. Finally, computer-based cloning and improvement in codon composition without altering amino acid sequence led to the development of a proposed vaccine. In a nutshell, the findings of this study add to the existing knowledge about the pathogenesis of this infection. The schemed MEV can be a possible prophylactic agent for individuals infected with P. shigelloides. Nevertheless, further authentication is required to guarantee its safeness and immunogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish Rasool
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Ahmad Jan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Nazia Nahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahitsham Umar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Noor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rehman
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F Uiversity, yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kiran Shahzadi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Atif Nisar
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, 5042, Australia
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Ryu DH, Cho JY, Yu HS, Kim JW, Kim JC, Son YJ, Nho CW, Hamayun M, Kim HY. Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge extracts: a promising source for anti-atopic dermatitis activity. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:217. [PMID: 38844985 PMCID: PMC11155122 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the expression of inflammatory factors. Regarding its anti-atopic activity, numerous traditional medicinal materials and secondary metabolic products play pivotal roles in modulating the associated mechanisms. METHODS This study aimed to utilize Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB) as an anti-AD source. In-vitro activity assessments and qualitative and quantitative analyses using UPLC-TQ-MS/MS and HPLC-DAD were conducted in two cultivars ('Dasan' and 'Kosan'). Statistical analysis indicated that the profiles of their secondary metabolites contribute significantly to their pharmacological properties. Consequently, bio-guided fractionation was undertaken to figure out the distinct roles of the secondary metabolites present in SMB. RESULTS Comparative study of two cultivars indicated that 'Dasan', having higher salvianolic acid A and B, exhibited stronger antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Meanwhile, 'Kosan', containing higher tanshinones, showed higher alleviating activities on anti-AD related genes in mRNA levels. Additionally, performed bio-guided fractionation re-confirmed that the hydrophilic compounds of SMB can prevent AD by inhibiting accumulation of ROS and suppressing inflammatory factors and the lipophilic components can directly inhibit AD. CONCLUSIONS SMB was revealed as a good source for anti-AD activity. Several bioactive compounds were identified from the UPLC-TQ-MS/MS and different compounds content was linked to biological activities. Characterization of these compounds may be helpful to understand differential role of secondary metabolites from SMB on alleviation of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hye Ryu
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Jwa Yeong Cho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Yu
- Natural Product Informatics Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ju Son
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon, 25451, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Hernández-Sarmiento LJ, Valdés-López JF, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Zika virus infection suppresses CYP24A1 and CAMP expression in human monocytes. Arch Virol 2024; 169:135. [PMID: 38839691 PMCID: PMC11153301 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Monocytes are the primary targets of Zika virus (ZIKV) and are associated with ZIKV pathogenesis. Currently, there is no effective treatment for ZIKV infection. It is known that 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (VitD3) has strong antiviral activity in dengue virus-infected macrophages, but it is unknown whether VitD3 inhibits ZIKV infection in monocytes. We investigated the relationship between ZIKV infection and the expression of genes of the VitD3 pathway, as well as the inflammatory response of infected monocytes in vitro. ZIKV replication was evaluated using a plaque assay, and VitD3 pathway gene expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were quantified using ELISA. We found that VitD3 did not suppress ZIKV replication. The results showed a significant decrease in the expression of vitamin D3 receptor (VDR), cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (CYP24A1), and cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) genes upon ZIKV infection. Treatment with VitD3 was unable to down-modulate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, except TNF-α, and chemokines. This suggests that ZIKV infection inhibits the expression of VitD3 pathway genes, thereby preventing VitD3-dependent inhibition of viral replication and the inflammatory response. This is the first study to examine the effects of VitD3 in the context of ZIKV infection, and it has important implications for the role of VitD3 in the control of viral replication and inflammatory responses during monocyte infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Felipe Valdés-López
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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13
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Mozibullah M, Eslampanah Seyedi H, Khatun M, Solayman M. Identification and analysis of oncogenic non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human NRAS gene: An exclusive in silico study. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100378. [PMID: 38797553 PMCID: PMC11087716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2024.100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-ras protein is encoded by the NRAS gene and operates as GDP-GTP-controlled on/off switching. N-ras interacts with cellular signaling networks that regulate various cellular activities including cell proliferation and survival. The nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (nsSNPs)-mediated alteration can substantially disrupt the structure and activity of the corresponding protein. N-ras has been reported to be associated with numerous diseases including cancers due to the nsSNPs. A comprehensive study on the NRAS gene to unveil the potentially damaging and oncogenic nsSNPs is yet to be accomplished. Hence, this extensive in silico study is intended to identify the disease-associated, specifically oncogenic nsSNPs of the NRAS gene. RESULTS Out of 140 missense variants, 7 nsSNPs (I55R, G60E, G60R, Y64D, L79F, D119G, and V152F) were identified to be damaging utilizing 10 computational tools that works based on different algorithms with high accuracy. Among those, G60E, G60R, and D119G variants were further filtered considering their location in the highly conserved region and later identified as oncogenic variants. Interestingly, G60E and G60R variants were revealed to be particularly associated with lung adenocarcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma. Therefore, D119G could be subjected to detailed investigation for identifying its association with specific cancer. CONCLUSION This in silico study identified the deleterious and oncogenic missense variants of the human NRAS gene that could be utilized for designing further experimental investigation. The outcomes of this study would be worthwhile in future research for developing personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mozibullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | | | - Marina Khatun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Solayman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Primeasia University, Bangladesh.
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14
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Abdelaatti A, Buggy DJ, Wall TP. Local anaesthetics and chemotherapeutic agents: a systematic review of preclinical evidence of interactions and cancer biology. BJA OPEN 2024; 10:100284. [PMID: 38741694 PMCID: PMC11089318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjao.2024.100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Local anaesthetics are widely used for their analgesic and anaesthetic properties in the perioperative setting, including surgical procedures to excise malignant tumours. Simultaneously, chemotherapeutic agents remain a cornerstone of cancer treatment, targeting rapidly dividing cancer cells to inhibit tumour growth. The potential interactions between these two drug classes have drawn increasing attention and there are oncological surgical contexts where their combined use could be considered. This review examines existing evidence regarding the interactions between local anaesthetics and chemotherapeutic agents, including biological mechanisms and clinical implications. Methods A systematic search of electronic databases was performed as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Selection criteria were designed to capture in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies assessing interactions between local anaesthetics and a wide variety of chemotherapeutic agents. Screening and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. The data were synthesised using a narrative approach because of the anticipated heterogeneity of included studies. Results Initial searches yielded 1225 relevant articles for screening, of which 43 met the inclusion criteria. The interactions between local anaesthetics and chemotherapeutic agents were diverse and multifaceted. In vitro studies frequently demonstrated altered cytotoxicity profiles when these agents were combined, with variations depending on the specific drug combination and cancer cell type. Mechanistically, some interactions were attributed to modifications in efflux pump activity, tumour suppressor gene expression, or alterations in cellular signalling pathways associated with tumour promotion. A large majority of in vitro studies report potentially beneficial effects of local anaesthetics in terms of enhancing the antineoplastic activity of chemotherapeutic agents. In animal models, the combined administration of local anaesthetics and chemotherapeutic agents showed largely beneficial effects on tumour growth, metastasis, and overall survival. Notably, no clinical study examining the possible interactions of local anaesthetics and chemotherapy on cancer outcomes has been reported. Conclusions Reported preclinical interactions between local anaesthetics and chemotherapeutic agents are complex and encompass a spectrum of effects which are largely, although not uniformly, additive or synergistic. The clinical implications of these interactions remain unclear because of the lack of prospective trials. Nonetheless, the modulation of chemotherapy effects by local anaesthetics warrants further clinical investigation in the context of cancer surgery where they could be used together. Clinical trial registration Open Science Framework (OSF, project link: https://osf.io/r2u4z).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelaatti
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal J. Buggy
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- EuroPeriscope, European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care - Onco-Anaesthesiology Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas P. Wall
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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González-Hernández Y, Perré P. Building blocks needed for mechanistic modeling of bioprocesses: A critical review based on protein production by CHO cells. Metab Eng Commun 2024; 18:e00232. [PMID: 38501051 PMCID: PMC10945193 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2024.e00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the key building blocks needed to develop a mechanistic model for use as an operational production tool. The Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell, one of the most widely used hosts for antibody production in the pharmaceutical industry, is considered as a case study. CHO cell metabolism is characterized by two main phases, exponential growth followed by a stationary phase with strong protein production. This process presents an appropriate degree of complexity to outline the modeling strategy. The paper is organized into four main steps: (1) CHO systems and data collection; (2) metabolic analysis; (3) formulation of the mathematical model; and finally, (4) numerical solution, calibration, and validation. The overall approach can build a predictive model of target variables. According to the literature, one of the main current modeling challenges lies in understanding and predicting the spontaneous metabolic shift. Possible candidates for the trigger of the metabolic shift include the concentration of lactate and carbon dioxide. In our opinion, ammonium, which is also an inhibiting product, should be further investigated. Finally, the expected progress in the emerging field of hybrid modeling, which combines the best of mechanistic modeling and machine learning, is presented as a fascinating breakthrough. Note that the modeling strategy discussed here is a general framework that can be applied to any bioprocess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusmel González-Hernández
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 Rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Patrick Perré
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 Rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
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16
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Zhao B, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Basang W, Zhu Y, Gao Y. Development and assessment of an immobilized bacterial alliance that efficiently degrades tylosin in wastewater. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304113. [PMID: 38820335 PMCID: PMC11142594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial degradation of tylosin (TYL) is a safe and environmentally friendly technology for remediating environmental pollution. Kurthia gibsonii (TYL-A1) and Klebsiella pneumonia (TYL-B2) were isolated from wastewater; degradation efficiency of the two strains combined was significantly greater than either alone and resulted in degradation products that were less toxic than TYL. With Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-sodium alginate (SA)-activated carbon (AC) used to form a bacterial immobilization carrier, the immobilized bacterial alliance reached 95.9% degradation efficiency in 1 d and could be reused for four cycles, with > 93% degradation efficiency per cycle. In a wastewater application, the immobilized bacterial alliance degraded 67.0% TYL in 9 d. There were significant advantages for the immobilized bacterial alliance at pH 5 or 9, with 20 or 40 g/L NaCl, or with 10 or 50 mg/L doxycycline. In summary, in this study, a bacterial consortium with TYL degradation ability was constructed using PVA-SA-AC as an immobilized carrier, and the application effect was evaluated on farm wastewater with a view to providing application guidance in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ye Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wangdui Basang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Yanbin Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Yunhang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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17
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Zhang M, Fan X, Dong L, Jiang C, Weeger O, Zhou K, Wang D. Voxel Design of Grayscale DLP 3D-Printed Soft Robots. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2309932. [PMID: 38769665 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Grayscale digital light processing (DLP) printing is a simple yet effective way to realize the variation of material properties by tuning the grayscale value. However, there is a lack of available design methods for grayscale DLP 3D-printed structures due to the complexities arising from the voxel-level grayscale distribution, nonlinear material properties, and intricate structures. Inspired by the dexterous motions of natural organisms, a design and fabrication framework for grayscale DLP-printed soft robots is developed by combining a grayscale-dependent hyperelastic constitutive model and a voxel-based finite-element model. The constitutive model establishes the relationship between the projected grayscale value and the nonlinear mechanical properties, while the voxel-based finite-element model enables fast and efficient calculation of the mechanical performances with arbitrarily distributed material properties. A multiphysics modeling and experimental method is developed to validate the homogenization assumption of the degree of conversion (DoC) variation in a single voxel. The design framework is used to design structures with reduced stress concentration and programmable multimodal motions. This work paves the way for integrated design and fabrication of functional structures using grayscale DLP 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiru Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Le Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chengru Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Oliver Weeger
- Cyber-Physical Simulation Group & Additive Manufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, Dolivostr. 15, Darmstadt, 64293, Hessen, Germany
| | - Kun Zhou
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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18
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Tekin YB, Tumkaya L, Mercantepe T, Topal ZS, Samanci TC, Yilmaz HK, Rakici S, Topcu A. Evaluation of the protective effect of coenzyme Q10 against x-ray irradiation-induced ovarian injury. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2024. [PMID: 38757238 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study focused on the anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of CoQ10 in ovaries exposed to pelvic radiation. METHODS Thirty-two female rats were randomly assigned into four groups. Group I (control group), Group II: Only 2 Gy pelvic x-ray irradiation (IR) was administered as a single fractioned dose. Group III: 30 mg/kg CoQ10 was administered by oral gavage +2 Gy pelvic IR. Group IV: 150 mg/kg CoQ10 was administered by oral gavage +2 Gy pelvic IR. CoQ10 treatment was started 7 days before pelvic IR and completed 7 days later. The rats in Group III and IV were treated with CoQ10 for a total of 14 days. RESULTS Histopathological analysis showed severe damage to the ovarian tissue in the radiation group, while both doses of CoQ10 showed normal histological structure. Likewise, while there was a high level of staining in the IR group for necrosis and apoptosis, the CoQ10 treated ones were like the control group. Tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were like the control group in the low-dose CoQ10 group, while the MDA levels of the high dose CoQ10 group were similar to the radiation group. CONCLUSION Usage of low-dose CoQ10 has a radioprotective effect on radiation-induced ovarian damage. Although the use of high doses is morphologically radioprotective, no antioxidative effect was observed in the biochemical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Bayoglu Tekin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Zehra Suzan Topal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Celik Samanci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Hulya Kilic Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sema Rakici
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Atilla Topcu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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19
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Jokar Z, Banavi N, Taghizadehfard S, Hassani F, Solimani R, Azarpira N, Dehghani H, Dezhgahi A, Sanati AM, Farjadfard S, Ramavandi B. Marine litter along the shores of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30853. [PMID: 38765091 PMCID: PMC11101852 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic wastes -including cigarette butts (CBs)- are dangerous for marine ecosystems not only because they contain hazardous chemicals but also because they can finally turn into micro- or even nano-particles that may be ingested by micro- and macro-fauna. Even large pieces of plastics can trap animals. In this research, the pollution status of macroplastics (abundance, size, type, and colour) and cigarette butts (CBs, number/m2) on the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf has been investigated. A total of 19 stations were explored in Bushehr province (Iran), which covers a length equivalent to 160 km of the Persian Gulf coastline. Among the collected plastic waste (2992 items), disposable mugs were the most frequent (18 %). Plastics with sizes 5-15 cm were the most abundant, and the most common type of plastic was PET (P-value <0.05). The origin of most macroplastics was domestic (2269 items). According to the Index of Clean Coasts (ICC), most surveyed beaches were extremely dirty. The average number and density of CBs in this study were 220 and 2.45 items/m2, respectively. Household litter was the most abundant type of waste in the studied beaches, and this problem can be better managed by training and improving the waste disposal culture. In general, it is suggested that an integrated and enhanced management for fishing, sewage and surface water disposal, and sandy recreational beaches be implemented in Bushehr to control plastic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jokar
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Banavi
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| | - Sara Taghizadehfard
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hassani
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| | - Rezvan Solimani
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| | - Nahid Azarpira
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| | - Hanieh Dehghani
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| | - Atefeh Dezhgahi
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sanati
- Department of Environmental Science, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sima Farjadfard
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| | - Bahman Ramavandi
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
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20
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Liu B, Wang J, Li C. Application of PLS-NN model based on mid-infrared spectroscopy in the origin identification of Cornus officinalis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15209-15219. [PMID: 38737973 PMCID: PMC11082643 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00953c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mid-infrared spectroscopy has been increasingly used as a nondestructive analytical technique in Chinese herbal medicine identification in recent years. In this study, a new chemometric model named as PLS-NN model was proposed based on the mid-infrared spectral data of Cornus officinalis samples from 11 origins. It was realized by combining the partial least squares and neural networks for the identification of the origin of Chinese herbal medicines. First, we extracted features from the spectral data in 3448 bands using the partial least squares method, and extracted 122 components that contained more than 95% of the information. Then, we trained the PLS-NN model by neural network using the extracted components as inputs and the corresponding origin classes as outputs. Finally, based on an external test set, we evaluated the generalization ability of the PLS-NN model using metrics such as accuracy, F1-Score and Kappa coefficient. The results show that the PLS-NN model performs well in all three metrics when compared to models such as Decision trees, Support vector machine, Partial least squares Discriminant analysis, and Naive bayes. The model not only realizes the dimensionality reduction of full-spectrum data and improves the training efficiency of the model, but also has higher accuracy compared with the full-spectrum data model. The PLS-NN model was applied to identify the origin of Cornus officinalis with an accuracy of 91.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Public Foundational Courses Department, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Junqi Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chaoning Li
- Research and Development Department, Jiangsu Changxingyang Intelligent Home Company Limited Suzhou 215009 China
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Chin KCH, Ovsepyan G, Boydston AJ. Multi-color dual wavelength vat photopolymerization 3D printing via spatially controlled acidity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3867. [PMID: 38719871 PMCID: PMC11078982 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dual wavelength vat photopolymerization (DW-VP) has emerged as a powerful approach to create multimaterial objects. However, only a limited range of properties have been showcased. In this work, we report the 3D printing (3DP) of multi-color objects from a single resin vat using DW-VP. This was accomplished by concurrently curing resin with visible light and modulating local resin color with 365-nm ultraviolet (UV) light. The key advance was to use a photoacid generator (PAG) in combination with pH responsive dyes in the 3DP resins. The specific color is dictated by the extent of reaction, or local acidity in our case, and controlled by the light dosage and pattern of UV light applied. Multi-color object formation was implemented in two-step processes involving first 3DP to set the object structure, followed by UV exposure, as well as single processes that leveraged DW-VP to create a broad range of vibrant colors and patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C H Chin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Grant Ovsepyan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Andrew J Boydston
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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22
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Spitz S, Schobesberger S, Brandauer K, Ertl P. Sensor-integrated brain-on-a-chip platforms: Improving the predictive validity in neurodegenerative research. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10604. [PMID: 38818126 PMCID: PMC11135156 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Affecting millions of individuals worldwide, neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) pose a significant and growing health concern in people over the age of 60 years. Contributing to this trend are the steady increase in the aging population coupled with a persistent lack of disease-altering treatment strategies targeting NDDs. The absence of efficient therapeutics can be attributed to high failure rates in clinical trials and the ineptness of animal models in preceding preclinical studies. To that end, in recent years, significant research effort has been dedicated to the development of human cell-based preclinical disease models characterized by a higher degree of predictive validity. However, a key requirement of any in vitro model constitutes the precise knowledge and replication of the target tissues' (patho-)physiological microenvironment. Herein, microphysiological systems have demonstrated superiority over conventional static 2D/3D in vitro cell culture systems, as they allow for the emulation and continuous monitoring of the onset, progression, and remission of disease-associated phenotypes. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the field of NDD research using organ-on-a-chip platforms. Specific focus is directed toward non-invasive sensing strategies encompassing electrical, electrochemical, and optical sensors. Additionally, promising on- and integrable off-chip sensing strategies targeting key analytes in NDDs will be presented and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Spitz
- Faculty of Technical ChemistryVienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria
- Present address:
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical ChemistryVienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria
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23
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Hamilton LJ, Krendl AC. Evidence for the role of affective theory of mind in face-name associative memory. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2024; 31:417-437. [PMID: 36999681 PMCID: PMC10544671 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2194607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Poor face-name recall has been associated with age-related impairments in cognitive functioning, namely declines in episodic memory and executive control. However, the role of social cognitive function - the ability to remember, process, and store information about others - has been largely overlooked in this work. Extensive work has shown that social and nonsocial cognitive processes rely on unique, albeit overlapping, mechanisms. In the current study, we explored whether social cognitive functioning - specifically the ability to infer other people's mental states (i.e., theory of mind) - facilitates better face-name learning. To do this, a sample of 289 older and young adults completed a face-name learning paradigm along with standard assessments of episodic memory and executive control alongside two theory of mind measures, one static and one dynamic. In addition to expected age differences, several key effects emerged. Age-related differences in recognition were explained by episodic memory, not social cognition. However, age effects in recall were explained by both episodic memory and social cognition, specifically affective theory of mind in the dynamic task. Altogether, we contend that face-name recall can be supported by social cognitive functioning, namely understanding emotions. While acknowledging the influence of task characteristics (i.e., lures, target ages), we interpret these findings in light of existing accounts of age differences in face-name associative memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Hamilton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Anne C Krendl
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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24
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Damare R, Engle K, Kumar G. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and its downstream signaling pathways by natural products: A mechanistic insight. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2406-2447. [PMID: 38433568 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that maintains normal tissues and cell signaling pathways. EGFR is overactivated and overexpressed in many malignancies, including breast, lung, pancreatic, and kidney. Further, the EGFR gene mutations and protein overexpression activate downstream signaling pathways in cancerous cells, stimulating the growth, survival, resistance to apoptosis, and progression of tumors. Anti-EGFR therapy is the potential approach for treating malignancies and has demonstrated clinical success in treating specific cancers. The recent report suggests most of the clinically used EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors developed resistance to the cancer cells. This perspective provides a brief overview of EGFR and its implications in cancer. We have summarized natural products-derived anticancer compounds with the mechanistic basis of tumor inhibition via the EGFR pathway. We propose that developing natural lead molecules into new anticancer agents has a bright future after clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutuja Damare
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kritika Engle
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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25
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Gunčar G, Kukar M, Smole T, Moškon S, Vovko T, Podnar S, Černelč P, Brvar M, Notar M, Köster M, Jelenc MT, Osterc Ž, Notar M. Differentiating viral and bacterial infections: A machine learning model based on routine blood test values. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29372. [PMID: 38644832 PMCID: PMC11033127 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing threat of antibiotic resistance necessitates accurate differentiation between bacterial and viral infections for proper antibiotic administration. In this study, a Virus vs. Bacteria machine learning model was developed to distinguish between these infection types using 16 routine blood test results, C-reactive protein concentration (CRP), biological sex, and age. With a dataset of 44,120 cases from a single medical center, the model achieved an accuracy of 82.2 %, a sensitivity of 79.7 %, a specificity of 84.5 %, a Brier score of 0.129, and an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.905, outperforming a CRP-based decision rule. Notably, the machine learning model enhanced accuracy within the CRP range of 10-40 mg/L, a range where CRP alone is less informative. These results highlight the advantage of integrating multiple blood parameters in diagnostics. The "Virus vs. Bacteria" model paves the way for advanced diagnostic tools, leveraging machine learning to optimize infection management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Gunčar
- Smart Blood Analytics Swiss SA, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Kukar
- Smart Blood Analytics Swiss SA, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tim Smole
- Smart Blood Analytics Swiss SA, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sašo Moškon
- Smart Blood Analytics Swiss SA, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tomaž Vovko
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Podnar
- Division of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Černelč
- Smart Blood Analytics Swiss SA, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Miran Brvar
- Centre for Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Notar
- Smart Blood Analytics Swiss SA, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manca Köster
- Smart Blood Analytics Swiss SA, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Žiga Osterc
- Smart Blood Analytics Swiss SA, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marko Notar
- Smart Blood Analytics Swiss SA, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
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26
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Ahmad S, Verli H. In silico identification of drug targets and vaccine candidates against Bartonella quintana: a subtractive proteomics approach. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2024; 119:e230040. [PMID: 38655925 PMCID: PMC11034861 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760230040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The availability of genes and protein sequences for parasites has provided valuable information for drug target identification and vaccine development. One such parasite is Bartonella quintana, a Gram-negative, intracellular pathogen that causes bartonellosis in mammalian hosts. OBJECTIVE Despite progress in understanding its pathogenesis, limited knowledge exists about the virulence factors and regulatory mechanisms specific to B. quintana. METHODS AND FINDINGS To explore these aspects, we have adopted a subtractive proteomics approach to analyse the proteome of B. quintana. By subtractive proteins between the host and parasite proteome, a set of proteins that are likely unique to the parasite but absent in the host were identified. This analysis revealed that out of the 1197 protein sequences of the parasite, 660 proteins are non-homologous to the human host. Further analysis using the Database of Essential Genes predicted 159 essential proteins, with 28 of these being unique to the pathogen and predicted as potential putative targets. Subcellular localisation of the predicted targets revealed 13 cytoplasmic, eight membranes, one periplasmic, and multiple location proteins. The three-dimensional structure and B cell epitopes of the six membrane antigenic protein were predicted. Four B cell epitopes in KdtA and mraY proteins, three in lpxB and BQ09550, whereas the ftsl and yidC proteins were located with eleven and six B cell epitopes, respectively. MAINS CONCLUSIONS This insight prioritises such proteins as novel putative targets for further investigations on their potential as drug and vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Biotecnologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Hugo Verli
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Biotecnologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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27
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Iwadare T, Kimura T, Okumura T, Wakabayashi SI, Nakajima T, Kondo S, Kobayashi H, Yamashita Y, Sugiura A, Fujimori N, Yamazaki T, Kunimoto H, Shimamoto S, Igarashi K, Joshita S, Tanaka N, Umemura T. Serum autotaxin is a prognostic indicator of liver-related events in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:73. [PMID: 38627520 PMCID: PMC11021564 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating autotaxin (ATX) levels have been reported to correlate with liver inflammation activity and liver fibrosis severity in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The objective of this study is to investigate whether serum ATX could predict liver-related events (LRE) in NAFLD patients. METHODS This retrospective investigation includes 309 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients registered at Shinshu University Hospital. All patients are followed for at least 1 year, during which time the prevalence of LRE, including newly developing hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, and esophagogastric varices, is investigated in relation to ATX levels at the time of liver biopsy. RESULTS During the median follow-up period of 7.0 years, LRE are observed in 20 patients (6.5%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and cut-off value of serum ATX for predicting LRE are 0.81 and 1.227 mg/l, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models for LRE determine ATX and advanced fibrosis as independently associated factors. Furthermore, in a competing risk analysis that considered non-liver-related death as a competing event, ATX (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.22-4.30, p = 0.010) is identified as an independent factor associated with LRE, along with advanced fibrosis (HR 8.01, 95% CI 2.10-30.60, p = 0.002). The predictive utility of ATX for LRE is validated in an independent cohort. CONCLUSIONS Serum ATX may serve as a predictive marker for LRE in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Iwadare
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takefumi Kimura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
- Consultation Center for Liver Diseases, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Taiki Okumura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Taro Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Maruko Central Hospital, Ueda, Japan
| | - Shohei Kondo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamashita
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ayumi Sugiura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Fujimori
- Department of Hepatology, Shinshu Ueda Medical Center, Ueda, Japan
| | - Tomoo Yamazaki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hideo Kunimoto
- Department of Hepatology, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Koji Igarashi
- Bioscience Division, TOSOH Corporation, Ayase, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Joshita
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Global Medical Research Promotion, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
- International Relations Office, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
- Research Center for Social Systems, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takeji Umemura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
- Consultation Center for Liver Diseases, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
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28
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Adupa V, Ustyantseva E, Kampinga HH, Onck PR. Tertiary structure and conformational dynamics of the anti-amyloidogenic chaperone DNAJB6b at atomistic resolution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3285. [PMID: 38627370 PMCID: PMC11021509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
DNAJB6b is a molecular chaperone of the heat shock protein network, shown to play a crucial role in preventing aggregation of several disease-related intrinsically disordered proteins. Using homology modeling and microsecond-long all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we show that monomeric DNAJB6b is a transiently interconverting protein cycling between three states: a closed state, an open state (both abundant), and a less abundant extended state. Interestingly, the reported regulatory autoinhibitory anchor between helix V in the G/F1 region and helices II/III of the J-domain, which obstructs the access of Hsp70 to the J-domain remains present in all three states. This possibly suggests a mechanistically intriguing regulation in which DNAJB6b only becomes exposed when loaded with substrates that require Hsp70 processing. Our MD results of DNAJB6b carrying mutations in the G/F1 region that are linked to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type D1 (LGMDD1) show that this G/F1 region becomes highly dynamic, pointing towards a spontaneous release of the autoinhibitory helix V from helices II/III. This would increase the probability of non-functional Hsp70 interactions to DNAJB6b without substrates. Our cellular data indeed confirm that non-substrate loaded LGMDD1 mutants have aberrant interactions with Hsp70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasista Adupa
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elizaveta Ustyantseva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harm H Kampinga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick R Onck
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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29
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Gavshina AV, Solovyev ID, Khrenova MG, Boyko KM, Varfolomeeva LA, Minyaev ME, Popov VO, Savitsky AP. The role of the correlated motion(s) of the chromophore in photoswitching of green and red forms of the photoconvertible fluorescent protein mSAASoti. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8754. [PMID: 38627478 PMCID: PMC11021400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Wild-type SAASoti and its monomeric variant mSAASoti can undergo phototransformations, including reversible photoswitching of the green form to a nonfluorescent state and irreversible green-to-red photoconversion. In this study, we extend the photochemistry of mSAASoti variants to enable reversible photoswitching of the red form. This result is achieved by rational and site-saturated mutagenesis of the M163 and F177 residues. In the case of mSAASoti it is M163T substitution that leads to the fastest switching and the most photostable variant, and reversible photoswitching can be observed for both green and red forms when expressed in eukaryotic cells. We obtained a 13-fold increase in the switching efficiency with the maximum switching contrast of the green form and the appearance of comparable switching of the red form for the C21N/M163T mSAASoti variant. The crystal structure of the C21N mSAASoti in its green on-state was obtained for the first time at 3.0 Å resolution, and it is in good agreement with previously calculated 3D-model. Dynamic network analysis reveals that efficient photoswitching occurs if motions of the 66H residue and phenyl fragment of chromophore are correlated and these moieties belong to the same community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Gavshina
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya D Solovyev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria G Khrenova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin M Boyko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Larisa A Varfolomeeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail E Minyaev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir O Popov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander P Savitsky
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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30
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Ortiz Sanjuán JM, Argüello H, Cabrera-Rubio R, Crispie F, Cotter PD, Garrido JJ, Ekhlas D, Burgess CM, Manzanilla EG. Effects of removing in-feed antibiotics and zinc oxide on the taxonomy and functionality of the microbiota in post weaning pigs. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:18. [PMID: 38627869 PMCID: PMC11022352 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post weaning diarrhoea (PWD) causes piglet morbidity and mortality at weaning and is a major driver for antimicrobial use worldwide. New regulations in the EU limit the use of in-feed antibiotics (Ab) and therapeutic zinc oxide (ZnO) to prevent PWD. New approaches to control PWD are needed, and understanding the role of the microbiota in this context is key. In this study, shotgun metagenome sequencing was used to describe the taxonomic and functional evolution of the faecal microbiota of the piglet during the first two weeks post weaning within three experimental groups, Ab, ZnO and no medication, on commercial farms using antimicrobials regularly in the post weaning period. RESULTS Diversity was affected by day post weaning (dpw), treatment used and diarrhoea but not by the farm. Microbiota composition evolved towards the dominance of groups of species such as Prevotella spp. at day 14dpw. ZnO inhibited E. coli overgrowth, promoted higher abundance of the family Bacteroidaceae and decreased Megasphaera spp. Animals treated with Ab exhibited inconsistent taxonomic changes across time points, with an overall increase of Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Megasphaera elsdenii. Samples from non-medicated pigs showed virulence-related functions at 7dpw, and specific ETEC-related virulence factors were detected in all samples presenting diarrhoea. Differential microbiota functions of pigs treated with ZnO were related to sulphur and DNA metabolism, as well as mechanisms of antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance, whereas Ab treated animals exhibited functions related to antimicrobial resistance and virulence. CONCLUSION Ab and particularly ZnO maintained a stable microbiota composition and functionality during the two weeks post weaning, by limiting E. coli overgrowth, and ultimately preventing microbiota dysbiosis. Future approaches to support piglet health should be able to reproduce this stable gut microbiota transition during the post weaning period, in order to maintain optimal gut physiological and productive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Ortiz Sanjuán
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Héctor Argüello
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Raúl Cabrera-Rubio
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona Crispie
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Juan J Garrido
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Daniel Ekhlas
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Department of Food Safety, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine M Burgess
- Department of Food Safety, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edgar G Manzanilla
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Benny AT, Thamim M, Srivastava P, Suresh S, Thirumoorthy K, Rangasamy L, S K, Easwaran N, Radhakrishnan EK. Synthesis and study of antibiofilm and antivirulence properties of flavonol analogues generated by palladium catalyzed ligand free Suzuki-Miyaura coupling against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12278-12293. [PMID: 38633488 PMCID: PMC11019961 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08617h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura coupling is one of the ubiquitous method for the carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions in organic chemistry. Its popularity is due to its ability to undergo extensive coupling reactions to generate a broad range of biaryl motifs in a straightforward manner displaying a high level of functional group tolerance. A convenient and efficient synthetic route to arylate different substituted flavonols through the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction has been explained in this study. The arylated products were acquired by the coupling of a variety of aryl boronic acids with flavonols under Pd(OAc)2 catalyzed reaction conditions in a ligand-free reaction strategy. Subsequently, the antibiofilm and antivirulence properties of the arylated flavonols against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were studied thoroughly. The best ligands for quorum sensing proteins LasR, RhlR, and PqsR were identified using molecular docking study. These best fitting ligands were then studied for their impact on gene expression level of P. aeruginosa by RT-PCR towards quorum sensing genes lasB, rhlA, and pqsE. The downregulation in the gene expression with the effect of synthesized flavonols endorse the antibiofilm efficiency of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjitha Theres Benny
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
| | - Masthan Thamim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
| | | | - Sindoora Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
| | - Krishnan Thirumoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
| | - Loganathan Rangasamy
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
| | - Karthikeyan S
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
| | - Nalini Easwaran
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology VIT Vellore-632014 India
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Zak JD, Reddy G, Konanur V, Murthy VN. Distinct information conveyed to the olfactory bulb by feedforward input from the nose and feedback from the cortex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3268. [PMID: 38627390 PMCID: PMC11021479 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensory systems are organized hierarchically, but feedback projections frequently disrupt this order. In the olfactory bulb (OB), cortical feedback projections numerically match sensory inputs. To unravel information carried by these two streams, we imaged the activity of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and cortical axons in the mouse OB using calcium indicators, multiphoton microscopy, and diverse olfactory stimuli. Here, we show that odorant mixtures of increasing complexity evoke progressively denser OSN activity, yet cortical feedback activity is of similar sparsity for all stimuli. Also, representations of complex mixtures are similar in OSNs but are decorrelated in cortical axons. While OSN responses to increasing odorant concentrations exhibit a sigmoidal relationship, cortical axonal responses are complex and nonmonotonic, which can be explained by a model with activity-dependent feedback inhibition in the cortex. Our study indicates that early-stage olfactory circuits have access to local feedforward signals and global, efficiently formatted information about odor scenes through cortical feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Zak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
| | - Gautam Reddy
- Physics & Informatics Laboratories, NTT Research, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, 94085, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Vaibhav Konanur
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Venkatesh N Murthy
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence, Harvard University, Allston, 02134, USA
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Singh NS, Mia AK, Giri PK. Role of oxygen functional groups and attachment of Au nanoparticles on graphene oxide sheets for improved photodetection performance. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:2136-2148. [PMID: 38633034 PMCID: PMC11019478 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01120h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Integrating low-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) with conventional Si technology offers innovative strategies for developing ultrafast wideband photodetectors. In this study, we synthesized GO and explored its potential application in broadband photodetection alongside silicon heterostructures. The as-synthesized GO contains various oxygen functional groups, as evidenced by X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These functional groups contribute to increased photo absorption, enhancing photodetection performance. The systematic reduction of these functional groups from the GO surface via thermal annealing decreases photo absorption and consequently lowers the photocurrent. This reduction diminishes photo absorption and amplifies the dark current by approximately 25 times, from 20 nA to 496 nA. This dark current increase is attributed to the electron mobility following the reduction of functional groups. However, attaching plasmonic gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to the GO surface enhances UV-Vis absorption in the visible region, enabling broadband detection. The even distribution of attached Au NPs on the GO surface is confirmed through field emission transmission electron microscopy. While thermal annealing of GO diminishes the responsivity from 4.6 A W-1 to 3.0 A W-1, the attachment of Au NPs augments the responsivity by more than two-fold, reaching 10.0 A W-1. Thus, it highlights the importance of rich oxygen functional groups in GO and the attachment of Au NPs to achieve more efficient photo-sensing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Kaium Mia
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 India
| | - P K Giri
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 India
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 India
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Anju, Masař M, Machovský M, Urbánek M, Šuly P, Hanulíková B, Vilčáková J, Kuřitka I, Yadav RS. Optimization of CoFe 2O 4 nanoparticles and graphite fillers to endow thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites with superior electromagnetic interference shielding performance. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:2149-2165. [PMID: 38633039 PMCID: PMC11019480 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01053h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The rapid growth, integration, and miniaturization of electronics have raised significant concerns about how to handle issues with electromagnetic interference (EMI), which has increased demand for the creation of EMI shielding materials. In order to effectively shield against electromagnetic interference (EMI), this study developed a variety of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based nanocomposites in conjunction with CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and graphite. The filler percentage and nanocomposite thickness were tuned and optimized. The designed GF15-TPU nanocomposite, which has a 5 mm thickness, 15 weight percent cobalt ferrite nanoparticles, and 35 weight percent graphite, showed the highest total EMI shielding effectiveness value of 41.5 dB in the 8.2-12.4 GHz frequency range, or 99.993% shielding efficiency, out of all the prepared polymer nanocomposites. According to experimental findings, the nanocomposite's dipole polarization, interfacial polarization, conduction loss, eddy current loss, natural resonance, exchange resonance, multiple scattering, and high attenuation significantly contribute to improving its electromagnetic interference shielding properties. The created TPU-based nanocomposites containing graphite and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles have the potential to be used in communication systems, defense, spacecraft, and aircraft as EMI shielding materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín Trida Tomase Bati 5678 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Milan Masař
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín Trida Tomase Bati 5678 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Michal Machovský
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín Trida Tomase Bati 5678 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Michal Urbánek
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín Trida Tomase Bati 5678 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Šuly
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín Trida Tomase Bati 5678 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hanulíková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín Trida Tomase Bati 5678 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Vilčáková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín Trida Tomase Bati 5678 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Kuřitka
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín Trida Tomase Bati 5678 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín Vavrečkova 5669 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Raghvendra Singh Yadav
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín Trida Tomase Bati 5678 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
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Khalvandi A, Saber-Samandari S, Aghdam MM. A supervised learning-assisted multi-scale study for thermal and mechanical behavior of porous Silica. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28995. [PMID: 38633647 PMCID: PMC11021964 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of mesoporous Silica utilizing a multi-scale modeling approach under periodic boundary conditions integrated with machine learning algorithms. The study begins with Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to extract Silica's elastic properties and thermal conductivity at the nano-scale, employing the Tersoff potential. Subsequently, the derived material characteristics are applied to a series of generated porous Representative Volume Elements (RVEs) at the microscale. This phase involves the exploration of porosity and void shape effects on Silica's thermal and mechanical properties, considering inhomogeneities' distributions along the X-axis and random dispersion of pore cells within a three-dimensional space. Furthermore, the influence of pore shape is examined by defining open and closed-cell models, encompassing spherical and ellipsoidal voids with aspect ratios of 2 and 4. To predict the properties of porous Silica, a shallow Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is deployed, utilizing geometric parameters of the RVEs and porosity. Subsequently, it is revealed that Silica's thermal and mechanical behavior is linked to pore geometry, distribution, and porosity model. Finally, to classify the behavior of porous Silica into three categories, quasi-isotropic, orthotropic, and transversely-isotropic, three methodologies of decision tree approach, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm, and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are employed. Among these, SVMs employing a quadratic kernel function demonstrate robust performance in categorizing the thermal and mechanical behavior of porous Silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khalvandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Composites Research Laboratory (CRLab), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- New Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Saber-Samandari
- Composites Research Laboratory (CRLab), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- New Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Pan L, Zhang L, Fu J, Shen K, Zhang G. Integrated transcriptome sequencing and weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals key genes of papillary thyroid carcinomas. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27928. [PMID: 38560266 PMCID: PMC10981042 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for the majority of thyroid cancers and has a high recurrence rate. We aimed to screen key genes involved in PTC to provide novel insights into the mechanisms of PTC. Methods Seven microarray datasets of PTC were downloaded from gene expression omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PTC and normal samples were screened in the merged dataset. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPIs) functional modules analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were utilized to identify PTC-associated key genes. The identified key genes were then characterized from various aspects, including gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and the associations with immune infiltration, methylation levels and prognosis. Results A large numbers of DEGs were identified, and these DEGs are involved in several cancer pathways. Nine key genes (including down-regulated genes GNA14, AVPR1A, and WFS1, and up-regulated genes LAMB3, PLAU, MET, MFGE8, PRSS23, and SERPINA1) were identified. Patients in the AVPR1A and GNA14 high expression groups had better disease-free survival (DFS) than those in the low expression group. Key genes were mainly involved in P53 pathway, estrogen response, apoptosis, glycolysis, NOTCH signaling, epithelial mesenchymal transition, WNT_beta catenin signaling, and inflammatory response. The expression of key genes was associated with immune cell infiltration and corresponding methylation levels. The verification results of key gene proteins and mRNA expression levels using external validation datasets were consistent with our expectations, implying the involvements of key genes in PTC. Conclusion The key genes may serve as potential therapeutic targets for PTC. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying PTC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Pan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Lianbo Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Jingyao Fu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Keyu Shen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
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Boroughani M, Tahmasbi Z, Heidari MM, Johari M, Hashempur MH, Heydari M. Potential therapeutic effects of green tea ( Camellia sinensis) in eye diseases, a review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28829. [PMID: 38601618 PMCID: PMC11004586 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of green tea (GT), scientifically named Camellia sinensis, in treating eye diseases. We provide an overview of the ingredients and traditional use of Camellia sinensis, followed by a detailed discussion of its therapeutic uses in various eye diseases, including ocular surface diseases (allergic diseases, dry eye, pterygium, and infections), cataract, glaucoma, uveitis, retinal diseases, and optic nerve diseases. The pharmacologic activities related to ocular diseases, such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, aldose reductase inhibitor activity, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects are also explored in this review. The dose and route of administration of GT in various studies are discussed. Safety issues related to the use of GT, such as the side effects associated with high doses and long-term use, are also addressed. The review highlights the potential of GT as a natural therapeutic agent for a variety of ocular diseases. Its various pharmacologic activities make it a promising treatment option. However, more well-designed studies are needed to determine the optimal dose and route of administration and to assess its long-term safety and efficacy. Overall, GT appears to be a promising adjunct therapy for various ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadese Boroughani
- Student research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Tahmasbi
- Student research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadkarim Johari
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Adampourezare M, Nikzad B, Amini M, Sheibani N. Fluorimetric detection of DNA methylation by cerium oxide nanoparticles for early cancer diagnosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28695. [PMID: 38586346 PMCID: PMC10998132 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a very sensitive fluorescence nano-biosensor was developed using CeO2 nanoparticles for the rapid detection of DNA methylation. The characteristics of CeO2 nanoparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The CeO2 nanoparticles were reacted with a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probe, and then methylated and unmethylated target DNAs hybridized with an ssDNA probe, and the fluorescence emission was measured. Upon adding the target unmethylated and methylated ssDNA, the fluorescence intensity increased in the linear range of concentration from 2 × 10-13 - 10-18 M. The limit of detection (LOD) was 1.597 × 10-6 M for methylated DNA and 1.043 × 10-6 M for unmethylated DNA. The fluorescence emission intensity of methylated sequences was higher than of that unmethylated sequences. The fabricated DNA nanobiosensor showed a fluorescence emission at 420 nm with an excitation wavelength of 280 nm. The impact of CeO2 binding on methylated and unmethylated DNA was further demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Finally, the actual sample analysis suggested that the nanobiosensor could have practical applications for detecting methylation in the human plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Adampourezare
- Research Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Nikzad
- Research Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Amini
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison WI 53705, USA
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Alijani HQ, Pourseyedi S, Torkzadeh-Mahani M, Khatami M. Porous α-Fe 2O 3 nanocarriers: Biosynthesis and in vitro gene delivery applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28676. [PMID: 38617951 PMCID: PMC11015384 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery is a new therapeutic in the treating genetic disorders. The most important challenge in nonviral gene transformation is the immunogenicity of carriers. Nowadays, The immunogenicity of nanocarriers as a deliverer of nucleic acid molecules has received significant attention. In this research, hematite green nanocarriers were prepared in one step with rosemary extract. Synthetic nanocarriers were investigated by using XRD (X-ray diffraction analysis), FESEM-EDX (field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy), HR-TEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy), VSM (value stream mapping), TGA- DTG (thermal gravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis), FT-IR (fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), BET (brunauer-emmett-teller) and BJH (barrett-joyner-halenda) analyses. The cytotoxicity of synthetic nanocarriers was evaluated on HEK-293Tcell lines at concentration of 1-500 μg/ml using MTT method. Finally, targeted transfection of GFP plasmid using green porous particles was performed using an external magnetic field. Biogenic hematite nanoparticles with hexagonal crystal structures have a 3D pile flower-like morphology. The existence of rosemary phytochemicals in the construction of nanoparticles has caused minimal toxicity and high biocompatibility of nanocarriers. Also, TGA studies confirmed the stability of bionic nanoparticles. Superparamagnetic green nanocarriers at concentrations above 500 μg/ml is not toxic to HEK293T cells. The delivery efficiency of the plasmid was optimal at an N/P ratio of 3. Therefore, the porous α-Fe2O3 green nanocarriers are non-viral and safe carriers with potential applications in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Q. Alijani
- Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahram Pourseyedi
- Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Torkzadeh-Mahani
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Khatami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Hadipour Jahromy M, Qomi M, Fazelipour S, Sami N, Faali F, Karimi M, Adhami Moghadam F. Evaluation of curcumin-based ophthalmic nano-emulsion on atropine-induced dry eye in mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29009. [PMID: 38601632 PMCID: PMC11004198 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most efficient treatments for dry eye syndrome (DES) is to use nanocarriers as a potential delivery system. We aim to evaluate curcumin in a nano emulsion formulation. Methods A new formulation containing 5.5% curcuminoid was used. DLS, Zeta potential, TEM, and HPLC tests were performed to determine the size and morphology. First, 30 mice were selected as atropine-induced dry eye models. Next, 25 mice in 5 groups were treated with the nano emulsion at different doses, and corneal tissues were separated for evaluation. Results The DLS test results were indicative of the particles' stability. Nano curcumin appeared to be thoroughly effective in all groups, with the highest dose showing the most similarity to the healthy control group. Conclusions Curcumin-based nano emulsion eye drop is a promising candidate for DES management. However, further investigation is required to evaluate the possible risks in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Hadipour Jahromy
- Herbal Pharmacology Research Center, School of Medicine, Dept of Pharmacology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Qomi
- Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Research Center (APIRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Fazelipour
- School of Medicine, Dept of Histology & Anatomy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Sami
- School of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Faali
- School of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Karimi
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Adhami Moghadam
- School of Medicine, Dept of Ophthalmology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Huuki-Myers LA, Montgomery KD, Kwon SH, Cinquemani S, Eagles NJ, Gonzalez-Padilla D, Maden SK, Kleinman JE, Hyde TM, Hicks SC, Maynard KR, Collado-Torres L. Benchmark of cellular deconvolution methods using a multi-assay reference dataset from postmortem human prefrontal cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.09.579665. [PMID: 38405805 PMCID: PMC10888823 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.579665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Background Cellular deconvolution of bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data using single cell or nuclei RNA-seq (sc/snRNA-seq) reference data is an important strategy for estimating cell type composition in heterogeneous tissues, such as human brain. Computational methods for deconvolution have been developed and benchmarked against simulated data, pseudobulked sc/snRNA-seq data, or immunohistochemistry reference data. A major limitation in developing improved deconvolution algorithms has been the lack of integrated datasets with orthogonal measurements of gene expression and estimates of cell type proportions on the same tissue sample. Deconvolution algorithm performance has not yet been evaluated across different RNA extraction methods (cytosolic, nuclear, or whole cell RNA), different library preparation types (mRNA enrichment vs. ribosomal RNA depletion), or with matched single cell reference datasets. Results A rich multi-assay dataset was generated in postmortem human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from 22 tissue blocks. Assays included spatially-resolved transcriptomics, snRNA-seq, bulk RNA-seq (across six library/extraction RNA-seq combinations), and RNAScope/Immunofluorescence (RNAScope/IF) for six broad cell types. The Mean Ratio method, implemented in the DeconvoBuddies R package, was developed for selecting cell type marker genes. Six computational deconvolution algorithms were evaluated in DLPFC and predicted cell type proportions were compared to orthogonal RNAScope/IF measurements. Conclusions Bisque and hspe were the most accurate methods, were robust to differences in RNA library types and extractions. This multi-assay dataset showed that cell size differences, marker genes differentially quantified across RNA libraries, and cell composition variability in reference snRNA-seq impact the accuracy of current deconvolution methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A. Huuki-Myers
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kelsey D. Montgomery
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sang Ho Kwon
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sophia Cinquemani
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Eagles
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Sean K. Maden
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joel E. Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Thomas M. Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Hicks
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Kristen R. Maynard
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Leonardo Collado-Torres
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Lee M, Kim S, Lee SY, Son JG, Park J, Park S, Yeun J, Lee TG, Im SG, Jeon JS. Hydrophobic surface induced pro-metastatic cancer cells for in vitro extravasation models. Bioact Mater 2024; 34:401-413. [PMID: 38282966 PMCID: PMC10819557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro vascularized cancer models utilizing microfluidics have emerged as a promising tool for mechanism study and drug screening. However, the lack of consideration and preparation methods for cancer cellular sources that are capable of adequately replicating the metastatic features of circulating tumor cells contributed to low relevancy with in vivo experimental results. Here, we show that the properties of cancer cellular sources have a considerable impact on the validity of the in vitro metastasis model. Notably, with a hydrophobic surface, we can create highly metastatic spheroids equipped with aggressive invasion, endothelium adhesion capabilities, and activated metabolic features. Combining these metastatic spheroids with the well-constructed microfluidic-based extravasation model, we validate that these metastatic spheroids exhibited a distinct extravasation response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and normal human lung fibroblasts compared to the 2D cultured cancer cells, which is consistent with the previously reported results of in vivo experiments. Furthermore, the applicability of the developed model as a therapeutic screening platform for cancer extravasation is validated through profiling and inhibition of cytokines. We believe this model incorporating hydrophobic surface-cultured 3D cancer cells provides reliable experimental data in a clear and concise manner, bridging the gap between the conventional in vitro models and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Lee
- Bioimaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Gajeong-ro 267, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gyeong Son
- Bioimaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Gajeong-ro 267, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonha Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jemin Yeun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Bioimaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Gajeong-ro 267, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury (KINC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jessie S. Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Smithers R, Miller ARV, Fernandes R. North Central Asia isotopic database for archaeological samples. Data Brief 2024; 53:110032. [PMID: 38348325 PMCID: PMC10859260 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The North Central Asia Isotopic Database (NCAID) is an open-access dataset of stable isotope measurements from archaeological remains, spanning from the Early Neolithic until present-day in North Central Asia. With 3,143 individual entries corresponding to data accumulated over more than 20 years of research, this comprehensive dataset encompasses measurements of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in organic fractions from archaeological humans, animals, and plants. NCAID incorporates diverse supporting information, providing geographical information, archaeological context descriptions, and chronology. This resource facilitates research into past human lifeways, paleo-environments/climates, and animal management practices throughout North Central Asia and will be continually updated as more novel data is released.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Smithers
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, Kings Manor, York, UK
| | - A. R. Ventresca Miller
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, MI, United States
- Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, MI, United States
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - R. Fernandes
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Bioarchaeology, Faculty of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warszawa, Poland
- Masaryk University, Arne Faculty of Arts, Nováka 1, 602 00, Brno-střed, Czech Republic
- Princeton University, Climate Change and History Research Initiative, Princeton, USA
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Richards SM, Gubser Keller C, Kreutzer R, Greiner G, Ley S, Doelemeyer A, Dubost V, Flandre T, Kirkland S, Carbone W, Pandya R, Knehr J, Roma G, Schuierer S, Bouchez L, Seuwen K, Aebi A, Westhead D, Hintzen G, Jurisic G, Hossain I, Neri M, Manevski N, Balavenkatraman KK, Moulin P, Begrich A, Bertschi B, Huber R, Bouwmeester T, Driver VR, von Schwabedissen M, Schaefer D, Wettstein B, Wettstein R, Ruffner H. Molecular characterization of chronic cutaneous wounds reveals subregion- and wound type-specific differential gene expression. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14447. [PMID: 38149752 PMCID: PMC10958103 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A limited understanding of the pathology underlying chronic wounds has hindered the development of effective diagnostic markers and pharmaceutical interventions. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular composition of various common chronic ulcer types to facilitate drug discovery strategies. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of leg ulcers (LUs), encompassing venous and arterial ulcers, foot ulcers (FUs), pressure ulcers (PUs), and compared them with surgical wound healing complications (WHCs). To explore the pathophysiological mechanisms and identify similarities or differences within wounds, we dissected wounds into distinct subregions, including the wound bed, border, and peri-wound areas, and compared them against intact skin. By correlating histopathology, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), we identified unique genes, pathways, and cell type abundance patterns in each wound type and subregion. These correlations aim to aid clinicians in selecting targeted treatment options and informing the design of future preclinical and clinical studies in wound healing. Notably, specific genes, such as PITX1 and UPP1, exhibited exclusive upregulation in LUs and FUs, potentially offering significant benefits to specialists in limb preservation and clinical treatment decisions. In contrast, comparisons between different wound subregions, regardless of wound type, revealed distinct expression profiles. The pleiotropic chemokine-like ligand GPR15L (C10orf99) and transmembrane serine proteases TMPRSS11A/D were significantly upregulated in wound border subregions. Interestingly, WHCs exhibited a nearly identical transcriptome to PUs, indicating clinical relevance. Histological examination revealed blood vessel occlusions with impaired angiogenesis in chronic wounds, alongside elevated expression of genes and immunoreactive markers related to blood vessel and lymphatic epithelial cells in wound bed subregions. Additionally, inflammatory and epithelial markers indicated heightened inflammatory responses in wound bed and border subregions and reduced wound bed epithelialization. In summary, chronic wounds from diverse anatomical sites share common aspects of wound pathophysiology but also exhibit distinct molecular differences. These unique molecular characteristics present promising opportunities for drug discovery and treatment, particularly for patients suffering from chronic wounds. The identified diagnostic markers hold the potential to enhance preclinical and clinical trials in the field of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Kreutzer
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Department of PathologyAnaPath Services GmbHLiestalSwitzerland
| | | | - Svenja Ley
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Arno Doelemeyer
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Valerie Dubost
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Thierry Flandre
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Susan Kirkland
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Harvantis Pharma Consulting LtdLondonUK
| | - Walter Carbone
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Research and Development CoordinatorELI TechGroup Corso SvizzeraTorinoItaly
| | - Rishika Pandya
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Judith Knehr
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Discovery Data ScienceGSK VaccinesSienaItaly
| | - Sven Schuierer
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Laure Bouchez
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Therapeutics Department, Executive in ResidenceGeneral InceptionBaselSwitzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Alexandra Aebi
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - David Westhead
- Leeds Institute of Data AnalyticsUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Gabriele Hintzen
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Translational ScienceAffimed GmbHMannheimGermany
| | - Giorgia Jurisic
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Imtiaz Hossain
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Marilisa Neri
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Nenad Manevski
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Translational PKPD and Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, pREDF. Hoffmann‐La Roche AGBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Pierre Moulin
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Annette Begrich
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Roland Huber
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Vickie R. Driver
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- INOVA HealthcareWound Healing and Hyperbaric CentersFalls ChurchVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Dirk Schaefer
- Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Barbara Wettstein
- Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Reto Wettstein
- Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Heinz Ruffner
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
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Dos Santos AS, da Costa MG, Faustino AM, de Almeida W, Danilevicz CK, Peres AM, de Castro Saturnino BC, Varela APM, Teixeira TF, Roehe PM, Krolow R, Dalmaz C, Pereira LO. Neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, hippocampal atrophy and delayed neurodevelopment: Contributions for a rat model of congenital Zika syndrome. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114699. [PMID: 38301864 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) has been characterized as a set of several brain changes, such as reduced brain volume and subcortical calcifications, in addition to cognitive deficits. Microcephaly is one of the possible complications found in newborns exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy, although it is an impacting clinical sign. This study aimed to investigate the consequences of a model of congenital ZIKV infection by evaluating the histopathology, blood-brain barrier, and neuroinflammation in pup rats 24 h after birth, and neurodevelopment of the offspring. Pregnant rats were inoculated subcutaneously with ZIKV-BR at the dose 1 × 107 plaque-forming unit (PFU mL-1) of ZIKV isolated in Brazil (ZIKV-BR) on gestational day 18 (G18). A set of pups, 24 h after birth, was euthanized. The brain was collected and later evaluated for the histopathology of brain structures through histological analysis. Additionally, analyses of the blood-brain barrier were conducted using western blotting, and neuroinflammation was assessed using ELISA. Another set of animals was evaluated on postnatal days 3, 6, 9, and 12 for neurodevelopment by observing the developmental milestones. Our results revealed hippocampal atrophy in ZIKV animals, in addition to changes in the blood-brain barrier structure and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression increase. Regarding neurodevelopment, a delay in important reflexes during the neonatal period in ZIKV animals was observed. These findings advance the understanding of the pathophysiology of CZS and contribute to enhancing the rat model of CZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Souza Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Meirylanne Gomes da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Martins Faustino
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Wellington de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Chris Krebs Danilevicz
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ariadni Mesquita Peres
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Carolina de Castro Saturnino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Muterle Varela
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thais Fumaco Teixeira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rachel Krolow
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Dalmaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lenir Orlandi Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Dabour MS, George MY, Daniel MR, Blaes AH, Zordoky BN. The Cardioprotective and Anticancer Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: JACC: CardioOncology State-of-the-Art Review. JACC CardioOncol 2024; 6:159-182. [PMID: 38774006 PMCID: PMC11103046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, originally approved for type 2 diabetes mellitus, have demonstrated efficacy in reducing cardiovascular events, particularly heart failure, in patients with and without diabetes. An intriguing research area involves exploring the potential application of SGLT2 inhibitors in cardio-oncology, aiming to mitigate the cardiovascular adverse events associated with anticancer treatments. These inhibitors present a unique dual nature, offering both cardioprotective effects and anticancer properties, conferring a double benefit for cardio-oncology patients. In this review, the authors first examine the established cardioprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure and subsequently explore the existing body of evidence, including both preclinical and clinical studies, that supports the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in the context of cardio-oncology. The authors further discuss the mechanisms through which SGLT2 inhibitors protect against cardiovascular toxicity secondary to cancer treatment. Finally, they explore the potential anticancer effects of SGLT2 inhibitors along with their proposed mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Dabour
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mina Y. George
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mary R. Daniel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anne H. Blaes
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Transplantation, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Beshay N. Zordoky
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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47
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Mmbando GS. The recent possible strategies for breeding ultraviolet-B-resistant crops. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27806. [PMID: 38509919 PMCID: PMC10950674 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity of crops to ultraviolet B (UVB, 280-315 nm) radiation varies significantly. Plants' sensitivity to UVB is heavily influenced by the activity of the enzyme cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase, which fixes UVB-induced CPDs. Crops grown in tropical areas with high level of UVB radiation, like O. glaberrima from Africa and O. sativa ssp. indica rice from Bengal, are more sensitive to UVB radiation and could suffer more as a result of rising UVB levels on the earth's surface. Therefore, creating crops that can withstand high UVB is crucial in tropical regions. There is, however, little information on current techniques for breeding UVB-resistant plants. The most recent techniques for producing UVB-resistant crops are presented in this review. The use of DNA methylation, boosting the antioxidant system, regulating the expression of micro-RNA396, and overexpressing CPD photolyase in transgenic plants are some of the methods that are discussed. CPD photolyase overexpression in transgenic plants is the most popular technique for producing UVB-resistant rice. The study also offers several strategies for creating UVB-resistant plants using gene editing techniques. To feed the world's rapidly expanding population, researchers can use the information from this study to improve food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Sadikiel Mmbando
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University of Dodoma P. O. BOX 259, Dodoma, Tanzania
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48
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Mamangkey J, Mendes LW, Mustopa AZ, Hartanto A. Endophytic Aspergillii and Penicillii from medicinal plants: a focus on antimicrobial and multidrug resistant pathogens inhibitory activity. BIOTECHNOLOGIA 2024; 105:83-95. [PMID: 38633888 PMCID: PMC11020150 DOI: 10.5114/bta.2024.135644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The rise of multidrug resistance among microorganisms, where they develop resistance against formerly efficacious drugs, has led to increased disease prevalence and mortality rates, posing a growing challenge. Globally, antibiotic resistance has made a significant impact, causing millions of fatalities each year. Endophytic fungi have gained considerable attention in research due to their potential to produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites, including natural substances with antimicrobial capabilities. The genera Aspergillus and Penicillium stand out as the most prevalent species of endophytic fungi. Filamentous fungi, such as these are responsible for the production of 45% of known microbial metabolites. This review focuses on exploring the bioactive substances produced by endophytic fungi from these two genera, particularly in conjunction with medicinal plants. Emphasis is placed on their antimicrobial activity and their ability to inhibit multidrug-resistant pathogens. As the need for alternative treatments to combat drug-resistant infections continues to grow, endophytic fungi have the potential to provide a valuable source of bioactive molecules for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jendri Mamangkey
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Lucas William Mendes
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Apon Zaenal Mustopa
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Adrian Hartanto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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Sabaghnia N, Fattahi M, Janmohammadi M, Abbasi A. Graphic analysis of various sulfur applications on safflower fatty acids profile. BIOTECHNOLOGIA 2024; 105:33-39. [PMID: 38633892 PMCID: PMC11020149 DOI: 10.5114/bta.2024.135640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects of seven different sulfur treatments on safflower seeds. The treatments included: no sulfur application (S0), 25 kg/ha of pure bulk sulfur (S25), 50 kg/ha of pure bulk sulfur (S50), 25 kg/ha of sulfur phosphate (Sp25), 50 kg/ha of sulfur phosphate (Sp50), 25 kg/ha of zinc sulfate (Zs25), and 50 kg/ha of zinc sulfate (Zs50). Our evaluation covered various seed quality attributes, including ash percentage (ASH), oil percentage (OIL), and protein percentage (PRO). Additionally, we analyzed the fatty acid composition, including palmitic acid 16 : 0 (PAL), stearic acid 18 : 0 (STE), oleic acid 18 : 1 (OLE), linoleic acid 18 : 2 (LINL), arachidic acid 20 : 0 (ARA), and linolenic acid 18 : 3 (LINN). The vector-view of the biplot illustrated positive associations among the fatty acids STE, PAL, and OLE, whereas ASH exhibited negative associations with OIL, LINL, and LINN. The polygon-view graph was divided into four sectors, with the genotype S50 emerging as the top performer for attributes such as OIL, PRO, LINL, ARA, and LINN. Treatment Zs50 occupied the vertex of another sector and displayed the highest values for palmitic acid PAL, STE, and OLE, while treatment S0 was positioned at the vertex of the next sector, characterized by its high ASH content. By utilizing the ideal tester tool of treatment by trait biplot, we identified OIL as the desirable trait that most effectively represented the data. The qualitative properties of safflower oil were notably influenced by sulfur application, with treatment S50 proving to be the most effective in enhancing these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Sabaghnia
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mostafa Fattahi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mohsen Janmohammadi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
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Almasian M, Saberigarakani A, Zhang X, Lee B, Ding Y. Light-Sheet Imaging to Reveal Cardiac Structure in Rodent Hearts. J Vis Exp 2024:10.3791/66707. [PMID: 38619234 PMCID: PMC11027943 DOI: 10.3791/66707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Light-sheet microscopy (LSM) plays a pivotal role in comprehending the intricate three-dimensional (3D) structure of the heart, providing crucial insights into fundamental cardiac physiology and pathologic responses. We hereby delve into the development and implementation of the LSM technique to elucidate the micro-architecture of the heart in mouse models. The methodology integrates a customized LSM system with tissue clearing techniques, mitigating light scattering within cardiac tissues for volumetric imaging. The combination of conventional LSM with image stitching and multiview deconvolution approaches allows for the capture of the entire heart. To address the inherent trade-off between axial resolution and field of view (FOV), we further introduce an axially swept light-sheet microscopy (ASLM) method to minimize out-of-focus light and uniformly illuminate the heart across the propagation direction. In the meanwhile, tissue clearing methods such as iDISCO enhance light penetration, facilitating the visualization of deep structures and ensuring a comprehensive examination of the myocardium throughout the entire heart. The combination of the proposed LSM and tissue clearing methods presents a promising platform for researchers in resolving cardiac structures in rodent hearts, holding great potential for the understanding of cardiac morphogenesis and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Almasian
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas
| | | | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas
| | - Brian Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas
| | - Yichen Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas; Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, The University of Texas at Dallas; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center;
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