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Lim JJ, Lim YYE, Ng JY, Malipeddi P, Ng YT, Teo WY, Wong QYA, Matta SA, Sio YY, Wong YR, Teh KF, Rawanan Shah SM, Reginald K, Say YH, Liu MH, Chew FT. Burgers, Fast Foods, and Increased Associated Risk for Atopic Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study of Dietary Habits among Young Chinese Adults in Singapore/Malaysia. Dermatology 2023; 240:77-84. [PMID: 37666213 DOI: 10.1159/000533942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We see increasing evidence that dietary and nutrients factors play a pivotal role in allergic diseases and recent global findings suggest that dietary habits influence the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Frequent consumption of fast food diets is associated with AD development. Despite the rising prevalence of AD in Asia, efforts in investigating the role of dietary habits and AD in adults are still lacking. METHODS We evaluated the association between the dietary intake of 16 food types and AD manifestations using our Singapore/Malaysia Cross-sectional Genetics Epidemiology Study (SMCGES) population. Dietary habits profiles of 11,494 young Chinese adults (1,550 AD cases/2,978 non-atopic controls/6,386 atopic controls) were assessed by an investigator-administered questionnaire. AD cases were further evaluated for their chronicity (550 chronic) and severity (628 moderate-to-severe). Additionally, we derived a novel food index, Quality of Diet based on Glycaemic Index Score (QDGIS), to examine the association between dietary intake of glycaemic index (GI) and various AD phenotypes. RESULTS The majority of AD subjects are distributed in the good (37.1%) and moderate (36.2%) QDGIS classes. From the multivariable analyses for age and gender, a moderate QDGIS class was significantly associated with a lower odds of AD (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.844; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.719-0.991; p < 0.05) and moderate-to-severe AD (AOR: 0.839; 95% CI: 0.714-0.985; p < 0.05). A good QDGIS class was only significantly associated with a lower odds of chronic AD (AOR: 0.769; 95% CI: 0.606-0.976; p < 0.05). Among high GI foods, frequent consumption of burgers/fast food was strongly associated with an increased risk of chronic and moderate-to-severe AD. Among low GI foods, increased intake frequencies of fruits, vegetables, and pulses decreased the odds of AD. Finally, we identified significant associations between frequent seafood, margarine, butter, and pasta consumption with an increased odds of AD despite them having little GI values. CONCLUSION While genetic components are well-established in their risks associated with increased AD prevalence, there is still a lack of a focus epidemiology study associating dietary influence with AD. Based on the first allergic epidemiology study conducted here in Singapore and Malaysia, it laid the groundwork to guide potential dietary interventions from changing personal dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jie Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,
| | - Yi Ying Eliza Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Yan Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Praneeth Malipeddi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Ting Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Yi Teo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Yi Ambrose Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sri Anusha Matta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Yie Sio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Ru Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Keng Foo Teh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Smyrna Moti Rawanan Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Kavita Reginald
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Yee-How Say
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Mei Hui Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Ureta-Velasco N, Montealegre-Pomar A, Keller K, Escuder-Vieco D, Fontecha J, Calvo MV, Megino-Tello J, Serrano JCE, García-Lara NR, Pallás-Alonso CR. Associations of Dietary Intake and Nutrient Status with Micronutrient and Lipid Composition in Breast Milk of Donor Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:3486. [PMID: 37571421 PMCID: PMC10421487 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of the diet and nutritional status of milk donors on the nutritional composition of donor human milk (DHM) is unknown. The present study aimed to determine the nutritional profile of DHM and the associations between donors' dietary intake and nutritional status and the micronutrient and lipid composition in DHM. For this purpose, 113 donors completed a food frequency questionnaire, provided a five-day weighed dietary record, and collected milk for five consecutive days. Nutrient determinations in donors' erythrocytes, plasma, urine, and milk were performed. Multiple linear regressions were conducted for the evaluation of the associations. We highlight the following results: DHM docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was positively associated with donors' plasma DHA content and donors' DHA intake (R2 0.45, p < 0.001). For every 1 g/day DHA intake, an increase of 0.38% in DHA content and 0.78% in total omega-3 content was observed in DHM (R2 0.29, p < 0.001). DHM saturated fatty acids were positively associated with erythrocyte dimethyl acetals, plasma stearic acid, trans fatty acids intake, and breastfeeding duration and negatively associated with erythrocyte margaroleic acid (R2 0.34, p < 0.01). DHM cholecalciferol was associated with plasma cholecalciferol levels and dairy intake (R2 0.57, p < 0.01). Other weaker associations were found for free thiamin, free riboflavin, pyridoxal, dehydroascorbic acid, and the lipid profile in DHM. In conclusion, the diet and nutritional status of donors influence the fatty acid profile and micronutrient content of DHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Ureta-Velasco
- Department of Neonatology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.G.-L.); (C.R.P.-A.)
- Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (K.K.); (D.E.-V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Montealegre-Pomar
- Epidemiología Clínica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | - Kristin Keller
- Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (K.K.); (D.E.-V.)
- “Aladina-MGU”—Regional Human Milk Bank, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Escuder-Vieco
- Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (K.K.); (D.E.-V.)
- “Aladina-MGU”—Regional Human Milk Bank, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fontecha
- Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.); (M.V.C.); (J.M.-T.)
| | - María V. Calvo
- Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.); (M.V.C.); (J.M.-T.)
| | - Javier Megino-Tello
- Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.); (M.V.C.); (J.M.-T.)
| | - José C. E. Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida, 25008 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Nadia Raquel García-Lara
- Department of Neonatology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.G.-L.); (C.R.P.-A.)
- Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (K.K.); (D.E.-V.)
- “Aladina-MGU”—Regional Human Milk Bank, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen R. Pallás-Alonso
- Department of Neonatology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.G.-L.); (C.R.P.-A.)
- Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (K.K.); (D.E.-V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Pendezza E, Nava C, Leone A, Riccaboni F, Bosetti A, Zuccotti GV, Bertoli S, D’Auria E. Antioxidant potential of the diet in Italian children with food allergies. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1096288. [PMID: 37006933 PMCID: PMC10060623 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1096288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A reduced fruit and vegetable consumption, which implies a decreased intake of antioxidant compounds, seems to play a role in allergic diseases onset. Data on the antioxidant capacity of diet in children with food allergies, who are on an avoidance diet, are still lacking. This pilot study aims to assess the antioxidant potential of diet in Italian children with food allergies, compared to healthy children, using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method. 95 children (54 with confirmed food allergies and 41 controls), with a median age of 7.8 years, were enrolled and underwent a nutritional assessment. Mean nutrient intakes were compared using the Mann–Whitney test. ORAC resulted significantly lower in allergic children (median 2,908, IQR: 1450;4,716) compared to control children (median 4,392, IQR: 2523;5,836; p = 0.049). Among micronutrients with antioxidant properties, vitamin A intakes were significantly higher in controls than in allergic children. Using Spearman’s correlation, a moderate-to-strong correlation between ORAC and vitamin C, potassium and magnesium was observed (ρ = 0.648, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.645, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.500, p < 0.001, respectively). Iron, phosphorus, vitamin E and vitamin A intakes were also moderately-to-low correlated with ORAC values (ρ = 0.351, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.367, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.346, p < 0.001; and ρ = 0.295, p = 0.004, respectively). We hypothesize that the reduced antioxidant potential of the diet might be related to a reduced variety of the diet in children with food allergies. Our study suggests that the diet of children with food allergies has a lower antioxidant potential (expressed as ORAC value) compared to the diet of healthy children, regardless of the allergenic food excluded from the diet. This issue should be further investigated in prospective, powered studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Pendezza
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Nava
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leone
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Obesity Unit and Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Enza D’Auria
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Enza D’Auria,
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Peroni DG, Hufnagl K, Comberiati P, Roth-Walter F. Lack of iron, zinc, and vitamins as a contributor to the etiology of atopic diseases. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1032481. [PMID: 36698466 PMCID: PMC9869175 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1032481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronutritional deficiencies are common in atopic children suffering from atopic dermatitis, food allergy, rhinitis, and asthma. A lack of iron, in particular, may impact immune activation with prolonged deficiencies of iron, zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin D associated with a Th2 signature, maturation of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), and the generation of IgE antibodies. In contrast, the sufficiency of these micronutrients establishes immune resilience, promotion of regulatory cells, and tolerance induction. As micronutritional deficiencies mimic an infection, the body's innate response is to limit access to these nutrients and also impede their dietary uptake. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the physiological function of iron, zinc, and vitamins A and D in relation to immune cells and the clinical consequences of deficiencies in these important nutrients, especially in the perinatal period. Improved dietary uptake of iron is achieved by vitamin C, vitamin A, and whey compounds, whereas zinc bioavailability improves through citrates and proteins. The addition of oil is essential for the dietary uptake of beta-carotene and vitamin D. As for vitamin D, the major source comes via sun exposure and only a small amount is consumed via diet, which should be factored into clinical nutritional studies. We summarize the prevalence of micronutritional deficiencies of iron, zinc, and vitamins in the pediatric population as well as nutritional intervention studies on atopic diseases with whole food, food components, and micronutrients. Dietary uptake via the lymphatic route seems promising and is associated with a lower atopy risk and symptom amelioration. This review provides useful information for clinical studies and concludes/emphasizes that a healthy, varied diet containing dairy products, fish, nuts, fruits, and vegetables as well as supplementing foods or supplementation with micronutrients as needed is essential to combat the atopic march.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego G. Peroni
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Karin Hufnagl
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Franziska Roth-Walter, ;
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5
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In vitro bioaccessibilities of vitamin C in baby biscuits prepared with or without UHT cow’s milk. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Albertos I, López M, Jiménez JM, Cao MJ, Corell A, Castro-Alija MJ. Characterisation of Zamorano-Leonese Donkey Milk as an Alternative Sustainably Produced Protein Food. Front Nutr 2022; 9:872409. [PMID: 35464015 PMCID: PMC9024328 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.872409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zamorano-Leonese donkey is the local breed of the Castilla y León region of Spain and is a protected endangered species. The best way to preserve it is to explore viable alternatives such as milk production. Unlike other donkey breeds, this one has not been previously characterised. The aim of this work is the complete nutritional characterisation of its milk for human consumption, either directly or as an ingredient, to meet the new consumer expectations of sustainability and health concerns. This breed did not differ from others in terms of amino acid and protein profile. Its low concentration of β-lactoglobulin may be correlated to a low allergenicity. The presence of lactozyme and lactoferrin, which are potent antimicrobials, stand out among the proteins. This milk presented a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids, being oleic fatty acid the main one. Zamorano-Leonese donkey milk did have a higher content of vitamin C, riboflavin, folic acid and vitamin E than the other donkey breeds. It also had a high concentration of vitamin D despite its low-fat content. However, its mineral concentration was lower than other donkey breeds in line with its lower ash content. In terms of micronutrients, it had a high amount of zinc and selenium. Based on these results we can conclude that donkey milk is a food and/or ingredient with beneficial effects on cardiovascular health and the proper functioning of the immune system, as well as being a good source of protein. Therefore, donkey milk from this local species from Spain is a food and/or ingredient with beneficial nutritional properties and sustainable from an environmental point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María López
- Recognized Research Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- *Correspondence: María López,
| | - José-María Jiménez
- Recognized Research Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María José Cao
- Recognized Research Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Corell
- Department of Immunology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María José Castro-Alija
- Recognized Research Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Milk Properties and Morphological Characteristics of the Donkey Mammary Gland for Development of an Adopted Milking Machine—A Review. DAIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy3020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Donkey milk (DM) has been known in the world for 5000 years for its benefits for human nutrition and health. Nowadays, DM has become more and more attractive as a commercial product. DM contains several physiologically functional components, including high-quality whey proteins, vitamins, important minerals, unsaturated fatty acid and bioactive components. Therefore, it is not only consumed as food but also as a remedy. The average daily milk yield of a female donkey over the entire lactation season was 1.57 ± 1.12 kg/day and fluctuated between 0.20 and 6.00 kg/day. Average milk concentrations (±SD) of fat, protein, lactose, total solids and ash in DM were 0.63 ± 0.41%, 1.71 ± 0.24%, 6.34 ± 0.37%, 9.11 ± 0.95% and 0.39 ± 0.04%, respectively. Interestingly, DM is similar in composition to mare’s milk, and both are similar to mother’s milk. The anatomical and morphological properties of the mammary gland of the female donkey are special and can be compared with those of mare udders. However, the cistern cavity of the mammary gland of female donkeys is characterized by the presence of multiple pockets that open directly into the teat, instead of a single cistern cavity. Therefore, the mammary gland capacity in donkey mare is low and milking technique and routine are of most importance. So far there is no special milking machine for female donkeys and mares. The milking machines used nowadays were initially designed for smaller sheep and goat udders. The company Siliconform, Germany, has set itself the task of developing an optimized milking machine for donkey mares, which is adapted to the anatomical and morphological properties of the donkey mammary gland. Furthermore, it should achieve a physiologically ideal milking process meeting high animal welfare standards for increased milk production with high quality standards.
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Sebastiani G, Navarro-Tapia E, Almeida-Toledano L, Serra-Delgado M, Paltrinieri AL, García-Algar Ó, Andreu-Fernández V. Effects of Antioxidant Intake on Fetal Development and Maternal/Neonatal Health during Pregnancy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040648. [PMID: 35453333 PMCID: PMC9028185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, cycles of hypoxia and oxidative stress play a key role in the proper development of the fetus. Hypoxia during the first weeks is crucial for placental development, while the increase in oxygen due to the influx of maternal blood stimulates endothelial growth and angiogenesis. However, an imbalance in the number of oxidative molecules due to endogenous or exogenous factors can overwhelm defense systems and lead to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many pregnancy complications, generated by systemic inflammation and placental vasoconstriction, such as preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preterm birth (PTB), are related to this increase of ROS. Antioxidants may be a promising tool in this population. However, clinical evidence on their use, especially those of natural origin, is scarce and controversial. Following PRISMA methodology, the current review addresses the use of natural antioxidants, such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), melatonin and resveratrol (RESV), as well as other classical antioxidants (vitamin C and E) during the prenatal period as treatment of the above-mentioned complications. We review the effect of antioxidant supplementation on breast milk in lactating mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Sebastiani
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.S.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Elisabet Navarro-Tapia
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Almeida-Toledano
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (L.A.-T.); (M.S.-D.)
- BCNatal, Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Serra-Delgado
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (L.A.-T.); (M.S.-D.)
- BCNatal, Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Lucia Paltrinieri
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.S.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Óscar García-Algar
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.S.); (A.L.P.)
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (Ó.G.-A.); (V.A.-F.); Tel.: +34-(63)-9644139 (Ó.G.-A.); +34-(60)-9709258 (V.A.-F.)
| | - Vicente Andreu-Fernández
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (Ó.G.-A.); (V.A.-F.); Tel.: +34-(63)-9644139 (Ó.G.-A.); +34-(60)-9709258 (V.A.-F.)
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Abstract
Atopic dermatitis, a common chronic and pruritic inflammatory skin disorder, can create significant disruptions in sleep and quality of life. Atopic dermatitis is especially common in infants and children; therefore, safe and natural therapeutic options have considerable appeal. Over the past several decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in industrialized nations. Also, there is variability in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in the United States, both across and within states. Environmental factors including diet are believed to be associated with this increased risk. Dietary interventions continue to be an area of keen interest and have been studied extensively, albeit with variable results. Maternal dietary restrictions during pregnancy and lactation, hydrolyzed or partially hydrolyzed formulas, delaying the introduction of solid foods, and omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids supplementation do not appear to have a beneficial effect on the treatment and prevention of atopic dermatitis. Exclusive breastfeeding for 3 to 4 months, a diet high in fruits and vegetables, and prebiotics might have a beneficial effect. Because environmental triggers, including dietary exposures, are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, we herein review the current literature on the role of dietary habits, vitamin and mineral supplementation, and probiotics on the treatment and prevention of atopic dermatitis.
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Kang CM, Chiang BL, Wang LC. Maternal Nutritional Status and Development of Atopic Dermatitis in Their Offspring. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 61:128-155. [PMID: 32157654 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the leading chronic skin inflammatory disease and the initial manifestation of atopic march. Available evidence supports the notion that primary prevention early in life leads to a decreased incidence of AD, thus possibly decreasing the subsequent occurrence of atopic march. Nutritional status is essential to a proper functioning immune system and is valued for its important role in AD. Essential nutrients, which include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals, are transferred from the mother to the fetus through the placenta during gestation. Various nutrients, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamin D, were studied in relation to maternal status and offspring allergy. However, no strong evidence indicates that a single nutrient or food in mothers' diet significantly affects the risk of childhood AD. In the light of current evidence, mothers should not either increase nor avoid consuming these nutrients to prevent or ameliorate allergic diseases in their offspring. Each essential nutrient has an important role in fetal development, and current government recommendations suggest specific intake amounts for pregnant women. This review discusses evidence on how various nutrients, including lipids (monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFAs, saturated fatty acids, and short-chain fatty acids), carbohydrates (oligosaccharides and polysaccharides), proteins, vitamins (A, B, C, D, and E), and trace minerals (magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, and strontium) in maternal status are associated with the development of AD and their possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Min Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chieh Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Baghlaf MA, Eid NMS. Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestation, Diagnosis Aspects and Nutrition Therapy in Relation to both IgE and IgG Cow’s Milk Protein Allergies among a Population of Saudi Arabia: A Literature Review. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.9.2.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) becoming a major public health issue that has attracted the attention of health professionals and researchers. This paper aimed to review the important aspects of both IgE and IgG types of cow’s milk protein allergy in terms of prevalence, clinical manifestation, risk factors, other health-related issues and nutritional therapy proposed for such allergies in the adult and pediatric population in Saudi Arabia. A search on “cow’s milk allergy” was done using PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus Engine for published papers between 1993 and 2020 to find studies yielding knowledge on that context. The prevalence of cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) among infants is now in the range of 2–3%. This type of allergy is also detected in adulthood but less frequently. CMPA is defined as an immunological reaction to specific proteins in milk. CMPA is classified based on its type as an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated form and an immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated form, each type representing different immunological pathways. The presence of Genetic aspects, family history and short duration of breastfeeding in the infant are among the risk factors contributing to this form of allergy. Its manifestations mainly present as skin presentation, followed by the gastrointestinal and respiratory presentation in most cases in addition to a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction that may occur in 12% of cases. food allergy committees have developed strict diagnosis criteria, including blood testing for food-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE), a skin prick test and double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC) as the gold standard. A diet free of cow’s milk protein (CMP) allergen and including the appropriate alternative milk formula is the first line of prevention recommended by many organizations and food allergy experts. As for Saudi Arabia, more research and clinical trials are required to discuss the various aspects of adult and pediatric CMPA and to provide a better understanding along with good control strategies implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashail A Baghlaf
- 1Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura M S Eid
- 2Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Fan HY, Tung YT, Yang YCSH, Hsu JB, Lee CY, Chang TH, Su ECY, Hsieh RH, Chen YC. Maternal Vegetable and Fruit Consumption during Pregnancy and Its Effects on Infant Gut Microbiome. Nutrients 2021; 13:1559. [PMID: 34063157 PMCID: PMC8148194 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition intake during pregnancy may affect the mother-to-child transmission of bacteria, resulting in gut microflora changes in the offspring, with long-term health consequences in later life. Longitudinal human studies are lacking, as only a small amount of studies showing the effect of nutrition intake during pregnancy on the gut microbiome of infants have been performed, and these studies have been mainly conducted on animals. This pilot study explores the effects of high or low fruit and vegetable gestational intake on the infant microbiome. We enrolled pregnant women with a complete 3-day dietary record and received postpartum follow-up. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was used to characterize the infant gut microbiome at 2 months (n = 39). Principal coordinate analysis ordination revealed that the infant gut microbiome clustered differently for high and low maternal fruit and vegetable consumption (p < 0.001). The linear discriminant analysis effect size and feature selection identified 6 and 17 taxa from both the high and low fruit and vegetable consumption groups. Among the 23 abundant taxa, we observed that six maternal intake nutrients were associated with nine taxa (e.g., Erysipelatoclostridium, Isobaculum, Lachnospiraceae, Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiaceae, Sutterella, Clostridia, Clostridiales, and Lachnoclostridium). The amount of gestational fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with distinct changes in the infant gut microbiome at 2 months of age. Therefore, strategies involving increased fruit and vegetable consumption during pregnancy should be employed for modifying the gut microbiome early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Yu Fan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen S. H. Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Justin BoKai Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Yang Lee
- Office of Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (T.-H.C.)
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- Office of Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (T.-H.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Emily Chia-Yu Su
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Hong Hsieh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Vitamins in Human and Donkey Milk: Functional and Nutritional Role. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051509. [PMID: 33947032 PMCID: PMC8145040 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole milk is a good source of all the nutrients, and it also contains a sufficient number of vitamins to permit regular the growth of the neonate. Dairy cow milk can create allergy in infants less than 12 months old because of the high caseins and β-lactoglobulin content. In these circumstances, donkey milk can represent a good replacement for dairy cows' milk in children affected by Cow Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) because of its close chemical composition with human milk, mainly due to its low protein and low mineral content. Milk vitamin content is highly variable among mammalian species and it is strictly correlated with the vitamin status and the diet administered to the mother. Fat-soluble vitamins content in donkey milk is, on average, lower compared to ruminants' milk, while vitamin C content determined in donkey milk is higher compared to dairy cows' milk, showing a great similarity with human milk. In donkey milk, the content of vitamins of the B-complex such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and folic acid is higher compared to human milk. The use of donkey milk as a new functional food must be further evaluated in interdisciplinary clinical trials in which pediatricians, dietitians, and food scientists must be involved to deepen the knowledge about the positive health impact of donkey milk in different sensitive people, especially children and the elderly.
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Perrella S, Gridneva Z, Lai CT, Stinson L, George A, Bilston-John S, Geddes D. Human milk composition promotes optimal infant growth, development and health. Semin Perinatol 2021; 45:151380. [PMID: 33431112 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human milk is a living dynamic fluid that promotes optimal nutrition and development of the infant and impacts health across the lifespan. This review reports on the diverse range of nutrients, immune protection factors, hormones, microbes and metabolites in human milk and their impacts on infant nutrition and health. While many of these components are stable across lactation and similar between women, some vary over time, and in response to maternal and infant health status, maternal diet and geographic location. Human milk may be considered as personalized nutrition, with many components working synergistically to stimulate and support the infant's immature immune system, while enhancing appropriate development, growth and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Perrella
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, M310, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Zoya Gridneva
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, M310, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ching Tat Lai
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, M310, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Lisa Stinson
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, M310, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Alexandra George
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, M310, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Sabrina Bilston-John
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, M310, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Donna Geddes
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, M310, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Lucchetta RC, Cavicchioli SDA, Gini ALR, Forgerini M, Varallo FR, de Nadai MN, Fernandez-Llimos F, Mastroianni PDC. Deficiency of vitamins C and E in women of childbearing age in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis. SAO PAULO MED J 2021; 139:545-555. [PMID: 34586287 PMCID: PMC9634837 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0799.r1.0904221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the several options available for supplements containing vitamins C and E, evidence regarding the prevalence of deficiency or insufficiency of these vitamins is weak. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of deficiency or insufficiency of vitamins C and E and associated factors among women of childbearing age, in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING Systematic review and meta-analysis conducted at a Brazilian public university. METHODS A search from index inception until May 2020 was conducted. Meta-analyses were performed using inverse variance for fixed models, with summary proportions calculation using Freeman-Tukey double arcsine (base case). Reporting and methodological quality were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for prevalence studies. RESULTS Our review identified 12 studies, comprising 1,316 participants, especially breastfeeding women. There was at least one quality weakness in all studies, mainly regarding sampling method (i.e. convenience sampling) and small sample size. The prevalence of vitamin C deficiency ranged from 0% to 40%. Only vitamin E deficiency was synthetized in meta-analyses, with mean prevalences of 6% regardless of the alpha-tocopherol cutoff in plasma, and 5% and 16% for cutoffs of < 1.6-12.0 mmol/l and < 16.2 mmol/l, respectively. The cumulative meta-analysis suggested that a trend to lower prevalence of vitamin E deficiency occurred in recent studies. CONCLUSIONS Although the studies identified in this systematic review had poor methodological and reporting quality, mild-moderate vitamin C and E deficiencies were identified, especially in breastfeeding women. Thus, designing and implementing policies does not seem to be a priority, because the need has not been properly dimensioned among women of childbearing age in Brazil. REGISTRATION NUMBER IN PROSPERO CRD42020221605.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Camila Lucchetta
- PhD. Pharmacist and Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Luísa Rodriguez Gini
- Undergraduate Student, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Marcela Forgerini
- Pharmacist and Doctoral Student, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Rossi Varallo
- PhD. Pharmacist and Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.
| | - Mariane Nunes de Nadai
- MD, PhD. Professor, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo (FOB-USP), Bauru (SP), Brazil.
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Llimos
- PhD. Pharmacist and Professor, CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Patricia de Carvalho Mastroianni
- PhD. Pharmacist and Professor, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
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16
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The Role of Environmental Exposures in Atopic Dermatitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2020; 20:74. [PMID: 33047271 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although genetic factors clearly play a role in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD), the recent dramatic increase in the prevalence of AD in low- and middle-income countries is not consistent with only a role of genetic factors. These findings strongly suggest that environmental factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. RECENT FINDINGS We reviewed the role of gene-environment studies; in utero exposures including tobacco smoke, alcohol, maternal stress, various digestive supplements, and gestational diabetes; early-life exposures including diet, gut microbiota, antibiotics, and breastfeeding; climate including temperature, ultraviolet radiation exposure, and air pollution; and household products, indoor allergens, water hardness, pH, and skin microbiota and their effects on AD. Environmental factors definitely play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. However, identifying definitive factors continues to be difficult in the setting of conflicting evidence and the complex interactions between genotypes and the environment resulting in a multitude of AD phenotypes. All of the different environmental interactions discussed highlight the importance of intervening on multiple levels in a patient's environment to improve or even prevent AD symptoms. Further, the importance of modifying environmental factors early on in a person's life is demonstrated. When possible, all of these environmental factors should be considered in treating a patient with AD and the appropriate modifications should be made at population and individual levels.
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The Human Milk Microbiota is Modulated by Maternal Diet. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110502. [PMID: 31671720 PMCID: PMC6920866 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk microorganisms contribute not only to the healthy development of the immune system in infants, but also in shaping the gut microbiota. We evaluated the effect of the maternal diet during pregnancy and during the first month of lactation on the human milk microbiota in a cross-sectional study including 94 healthy lactating women. Microbiota composition was determined by 16S rDNA profiling and nutrient intake assessed through food questionnaires. Thirteen genera were present in at least 90% of all samples, with three genera present in all samples: Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium. Cluster analysis indicated two distinct compositions: one marked by a high abundance of Streptococcus (cluster 1), and other by a high abundance of Staphylococcus (cluster 2). A global association with milk microbiota diversity was observed for vitamin C intake during pregnancy (p = 0.029), which was higher for cluster 2 individuals (cluster 2 median = 232 mg/d; cluster 1 = 175 mg/d; p = 0.02). Positive correlations were found between Bifidobacterium in the milk and intake of polyunsaturated and linoleic fatty acids during the lactation period (p < 0.01). We show that maternal diet influences the human milk microbiota, especially during pregnancy, which may contribute in shaping the gut microbiota.
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18
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Vaughn AR, Foolad N, Maarouf M, Tran KA, Shi VY. Micronutrients in Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review. J Altern Complement Med 2019; 25:567-577. [PMID: 30912673 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2018.0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) involves a complex interplay between immune system dysfunction, genetics, and environmental factors. It is well known that nutritional status is essential to a proper functioning immune system, leading to a highly debated question regarding the role of dietary factors in the pathogenesis of AD. Food allergies and elimination diets have been broadly studied in atopy; however, less consideration has been given to how vitamins, minerals, and other micronutrients influence the risk for AD and severity of symptoms. This systematic review discusses evidence on how various micronutrients, including vitamins (C, E, and D) and trace minerals (zinc, selenium, iron, copper, magnesium, and strontium) are associated with AD, and how supplementation influence disease severity. Design: A systematic search was conducted to identify the role that oral micronutrients have on AD. The authors reviewed 49 studies herein. Results: While there are weak associations between vitamins C or E and AD, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that vitamin D supplementation provides benefit in AD patients. Deficiency of selenium and zinc may exacerbate AD. Current reports are not sufficient to confidently discern the role of other vitamins and trace minerals on AD. Conclusions: Though oral micronutrients may play a role in AD, the current literature is limited, and there is a need for more comprehensive randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to truly decipher the role between oral micronutrients and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R Vaughn
- 1 Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Negar Foolad
- 2 School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Melody Maarouf
- 3 College of Medicine, University of Arizona-Tucson, Tucson, AZ
| | - Khiem A Tran
- 3 College of Medicine, University of Arizona-Tucson, Tucson, AZ
| | - Vivian Y Shi
- 4 Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona-Tucson, Tucson, AZ
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Khan IT, Nadeem M, Imran M, Ullah R, Ajmal M, Jaspal MH. Antioxidant properties of Milk and dairy products: a comprehensive review of the current knowledge. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:41. [PMID: 30717735 PMCID: PMC6362592 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0969-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are integral part of human nutrition and they are considered as the carriers of higher biological value proteins, calcium, essential fatty acids, amino acids, fat, water soluble vitamins and several bioactive compounds that are highly significant for several biochemical and physiological functions. In recent years, foods containing natural antioxidants are becoming popular all over the world as antioxidants can neutralize and scavenge the free radicals and their harmful effects, which are continuously produced in the biological body. Uncontrolled free radicals activity can lead to oxidative stresses, which have been implicated in breakdown of vital biochemical compounds such as lipids, protein, DNA which may lead to diabetes, accelerated ageing, carcinogenesis and cardiovascular diseases. Antioxidant capacity of milk and milk products is mainly due to sulfur containing amino acids, such as cysteine, phosphate, vitamins A, E, carotenoids, zinc, selenium, enzyme systems, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, milk oligosaccharides and peptides that are produced during fermentation and cheese ripening. Antioxidant activity of milk and dairy products can be enhanced by phytochemicals supplementation while fermented dairy products have been reported contained higher antioxidant capacity as compared to the non-fermented dairy products. Literature review has shown that milk and dairy products have antioxidant capacity, however, information regarding the antioxidant capacity of milk and dairy products has not been previously compiled. This review briefly describes the nutritional and antioxidant capacity of milk and dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Taj Khan
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Rahman Ullah
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hayat Jaspal
- Department of Meat Science and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan
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21
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Khan IT, Bule M, Ullah R, Nadeem M, Asif S, Niaz K. The antioxidant components of milk and their role in processing, ripening, and storage: Functional food. Vet World 2019; 12:12-33. [PMID: 30936650 PMCID: PMC6431809 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.12-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The current rate of population growth is so fast that, to feed this massive population, a 2-fold increase in land is required for the production of quality food. Improved dietary products such as milk and its products with antioxidant properties and functional foods of animal origin have been utilized to prevent chronic diseases. The designer milk contains low fat and less lactose, more protein, modified level of fatty acids, and desired amino acid profiles. The importance of milk and its products is due to the presence of protein, bioactive peptides, conjugated linoleic acid, omega-3 fatty acid, Vitamin D, selenium, and calcium. These constituents are present in milk product, play a key role in the physiological activities in human bodies, and act as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, immune boosting, and antimicrobial activities. Consumer awareness regarding benefits of designer foods such as milk and its products is almost non-existent worldwide and needs to be established to reach the benefits of designer food technologies in the near future. The main objective of this review was to collect data on the antioxidant properties of milk and its constituents which keep milk-derived products safe and preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Taj Khan
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Bule
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Rahman Ullah
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaq Asif
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Campus Coste Sant’Agostino, Renato Balzarini Street, 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Kamal Niaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS)-Bahawalpur-63100 Pakistan
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22
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Abstract
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended by the WHO for the first 6 mo of life because human milk protects against gastrointestinal infections and supplies balanced and adequate nutrient contents to the infant. However, reliable data on micronutrient concentrations in human milk are sparse, especially because some micronutrients are affected by maternal diet. Microbiological and competitive protein-binding assays, nuclear magnetic resonance or inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and chromatographic analyses are among the methods that have been applied to human-milk micronutrient analysis. However, the validation or evaluation of analytical methods in terms of their suitability for the complex human-milk matrix has been commonly ignored in reports, even though the human-milk matrix differs vastly from blood, plasma, or urine matrixes. Thus, information on the validity, accuracy, and sensitivity of the methods is essential for the estimation of infant and maternal intake requirements to support and maintain adequate milk micronutrient concentrations for healthy infant growth and development. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on methods used for analyzing water- and fat-soluble vitamins as well as iron, copper, zinc, iodine, and selenium in human milk and their different forms in milk; the tools available for quality control and assurance; and guidance for preanalytical considerations. Finally, we recommend preferred methodologic approaches for analysis of specific milk micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hampel
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service,Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Daphna K Dror
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service,Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service,Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
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Keikha M, Bahreynian M, Saleki M, Kelishadi R. Macro- and Micronutrients of Human Milk Composition: Are They Related to Maternal Diet? A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Breastfeed Med 2017; 12:517-527. [PMID: 28880568 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2017.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims at systematically reviewing the observational and interventional studies on the association of maternal macro- and micronutrient intake with breast milk content. METHODS We systematically searched the Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge till October 2016 with the following search strategy: ("human milk" OR "breast milk" OR "breast milk composition" OR "human breast milk composition" OR "composition breast milk" OR "mother milk" OR "human breast milk") AND ("maternal diet" OR "maternal nutrition"). We also searched Google scholar for increasing the sensitivity of our search. The search was not limited to title and abstract due to the possibility that the desired outcome might have been considered a secondary aim. We excluded conference papers, editorials, letters, commentary, short survey, and notes. The search was refined to English language, and we did not consider any time limitation. To increase the sensitivity and to select more studies, the reference list of the published studies was checked as well. RESULTS This review included 59 observational and 43 interventional studies on maternal diet related to breast milk composition. Different studies determined the associations and effects of some maternal dietary intake of micro and macronutrients and its reflection in human milk. CONCLUSION Maternal dietary intake, particularly fatty acids, and some micronutrients, including fat soluble vitamins, vitamin B1, and vitamin C, was related to their content in breast milk composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Keikha
- 1 Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences , Shahroud, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahreynian
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saleki
- 3 Students' Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran
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Grimshaw K, Logan K, O'Donovan S, Kiely M, Patient K, van Bilsen J, Beyer K, Campbell DE, Garcia-Larsen V, Grabenhenrich L, Lack G, Mills C, Wal JM, Roberts G. Modifying the infant's diet to prevent food allergy. Arch Dis Child 2017; 102:179-186. [PMID: 27530541 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-309770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recommendations and guidelines on the prevention of food allergy have changed in recent decades. The aim of this review of the current evidence and ongoing studies is to provide a comprehensive and up to date picture of prevention of food allergy for healthcare professionals. The review was undertaken as part of the European Union funded Integrated Approaches to Food Allergy and Allergen Management (iFAAM) study. This is a wide ranging project bringing together expertise across the breadth of food allergy research. Specifically, the review discusses dietary manipulation in food allergy prevention, and covers the possible preventive strategies of allergen avoidance, early allergen introduction, general nutrition and supplements, as well as other strategies, such as prebiotics and probiotics. The review concludes that despite agreement that allergen avoidance strategies should not be undertaken for allergy prevention, there is currently no consensus regarding what actions should be recommended beyond exclusive breastfeeding for the first 4-6 months of life. Recent and upcoming trial results, which are detailed in this review, should help inform the debate and add clarity to the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Grimshaw
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development in Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kirsty Logan
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sinead O'Donovan
- Vitamin D Research Group, School of Food and Nutritional Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mairead Kiely
- Vitamin D Research Group, School of Food and Nutritional Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Kirsten Beyer
- Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Department of Paediatric Pneumology & Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dianne E Campbell
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vanessa Garcia-Larsen
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Linus Grabenhenrich
- Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gideon Lack
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,King's College London, MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, UK
| | - Clare Mills
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Graham Roberts
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development in Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Thomas KS, Batchelor JM, Bath-Hextall F, Chalmers JR, Clarke T, Crowe S, Delamere FM, Eleftheriadou V, Evans N, Firkins L, Greenlaw N, Lansbury L, Lawton S, Layfield C, Leonardi-Bee J, Mason J, Mitchell E, Nankervis H, Norrie J, Nunn A, Ormerod AD, Patel R, Perkins W, Ravenscroft JC, Schmitt J, Simpson E, Whitton ME, Williams HC. A programme of research to set priorities and reduce uncertainties for the prevention and treatment of skin disease. PROGRAMME GRANTS FOR APPLIED RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3310/pgfar04180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundSkin diseases are very common and can have a large impact on the quality of life of patients and caregivers. This programme addressed four diseases: (1) eczema, (2) vitiligo, (3) squamous cell skin cancer (SCC) and (4) pyoderma gangrenosum (PG).ObjectiveTo set priorities and reduce uncertainties for the treatment and prevention of skin disease in our four chosen diseases.DesignMixed methods including eight systematic reviews, three prioritisation exercises, two pilot randomised controlled trials (RCTs), three feasibility studies, two core outcome initiatives, four funding proposals for national RCTs and one completed national RCT.SettingSecondary care, primary care and the general population.ParticipantsPatients (and their caregivers) with eczema, vitiligo, SCC and PG, plus health-care professionals with an interest in skin disease.InterventionsOur three intervention studies included (1) barrier enhancement using emollients from birth to prevent eczema (pilot RCT); (2) handheld narrowband ultraviolet light B therapy for treating vitiligo (pilot RCT); and (3) oral ciclosporin (Neoral®, Novartis Pharmaceuticals) compared with oral prednisolone for managing PG (pragmatic national RCT).ResultsSystematic reviews included two overarching systematic reviews of RCTs of treatments for eczema and vitiligo, an umbrella review of systematic reviews of interventions for the prevention of eczema, two reviews of treatments for SCC (one included RCTs and the second included observational studies), and three reviews of outcome measures and outcome reporting. Three prioritisation partnership exercises identified 26 priority areas for future research in eczema, vitiligo and SCC. Two international consensus initiatives identified four core domains for future eczema trials and seven core domains for vitiligo trials. Two pilot RCTs and three feasibility studies critically informed development of four trial proposals for external funding, three of which are now funded and one is pending consideration by funders. Our pragmatic RCT tested the two commonly used systemic treatments for PG (prednisolone vs. ciclosporin) and found no difference in their clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness. Both drugs showed limited benefit. Only half of the participants’ ulcers had healed by 6 months. For those with healed ulcers, recurrence was common (30%). Different side effect profiles were noted for each drug, which can inform clinical decisions on an individual patient basis. Three researchers were trained to PhD level and a dermatology patient panel was established to ensure patient involvement in all aspects of the programme.ConclusionsFindings from this programme of work have already informed clinical guidelines and patient information resources. Feasibility studies have ensured that large national pragmatic trials will now be conducted on important areas of treatment uncertainty that address the needs of patients and the NHS. There is scope for considerable improvement in terms of trial design, conduct and reporting for RCTs of skin disease, which can be improved through wider collaboration, registration of trial protocols and complete reporting and international consensus over core outcome sets. Three national trials have now been funded as a result of this work. Two international initiatives to establish how best to measure the core outcome domains for eczema and vitiligo are ongoing.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials Barrier Enhancement for Eczema Prevention (BEEP) (ISRCTN84854178 and NCT01142999), Study of Treatments fOr Pyoderma GAngrenosum Patients (STOP GAP) (ISRCTN35898459) and Hand Held NB-UVB for Early or Focal Vitiligo at Home (HI-Light Pilot Trial) (NCT01478945).FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Programme Grants for Applied Research programme and will be published in full inProgramme Grants for Applied Research; Vol. 4, No. 18. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Thomas
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Joanne R Chalmers
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tessa Clarke
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Finola M Delamere
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Nicholas Evans
- Trust Headquarters, West Hertfordshire Hospital NHS Trust, Hemel Hempstead, UK
| | - Lester Firkins
- Strategy and Development Group, James Lind Alliance, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Greenlaw
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Louise Lansbury
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sandra Lawton
- Dermatology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carron Layfield
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jo Leonardi-Bee
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James Mason
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Eleanor Mitchell
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Helen Nankervis
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - John Norrie
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Andrew Nunn
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ramesh Patel
- Radcliffe-on-Trent Health Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - William Perkins
- Dermatology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jane C Ravenscroft
- Dermatology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jochen Schmitt
- Centre for Evidence-based Healthcare, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eric Simpson
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Maxine E Whitton
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hywel C Williams
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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26
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Maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation and cow's milk allergy in offspring. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:554-9. [PMID: 26757832 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Diet during pregnancy and lactation may have a role in the development of allergic diseases. There are few human studies on the topic, especially focusing on food allergies. We sought to study the associations between maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation and cow's milk allergy (CMA) in offspring. SUBJECTS/METHODS A population-based birth cohort with human leukocyte antigen-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes was recruited in Finland between 1997 and 2004 (n=6288). Maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation was assessed by a validated, 181-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Register-based information on diagnosed CMA was obtained from the Social Insurance Institution and completed with parental reports. The associations between maternal food consumption and CMA were assessed using logistic regression, comparing the highest and the lowest quarters to the middle half of consumption. RESULTS Consumption of milk products in the highest quarter during pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of CMA in offspring (odds ratio (OR) 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37-0.86; P<0.01). When stratified by maternal allergic rhinitis and asthma, there was evidence of an inverse association between high use of milk products and CMA in offspring of non-allergic mothers (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.13-0.69, P<0.001). Cord blood IgA correlated positively with the consumption of milk products during pregnancy, indicating exposure to CMA and activation of antigen-specific immunity in the infant during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS High maternal consumption of milk products during pregnancy may protect children from developing CMA, especially in offspring of non-allergic mothers.
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Zarban A, Toroghi MM, Asli M, Jafari M, Vejdan M, Sharifzadeh G. Effect of vitamin C and E supplementation on total antioxidant content of human breastmilk and infant urine. Breastfeed Med 2015; 10:214-7. [PMID: 25915716 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2014.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES After delivery and birth, mothers and neonates are exposed to oxidative stress. The present study examined the effect of supplementation of the diet of breastfeeding mothers with vitamin C and E to improve the antioxidant content of breastmilk and evidence of antioxidant activity in infant urine. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The subjects were 60 healthy lactating breastfeeding mothers and their infants 1-6 months of age. They were randomly allocated to a control group (n=30) consuming a free diet or an experimental group (n=30) consuming a free diet supplemented each day with effervescent tablets of vitamin C (500 mg) and chewable tablets of vitamin E (100 IU). After 30 days, the total antioxidant content of the mothers' breastmilk and evidence of antioxidant activity in the infants' urine were measured by the ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay. The free radical scavenging activity of the urine samples was measured by the α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl method. Differences pre- and postintervention were compared within and between the groups. RESULTS Significantly higher levels of antioxidants in the breastmilk (610±295.5 to 716±237.5 μmol/L) and infant urine (43.2±21.8 to 75.0±49.2 μmol/mg creatinine) were observed in the experimental group over the control group (p<0.05). A significant increase in evidence of free radical scavenging in infant urine was observed in the experimental group after 30 days of supplementation by mothers (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of vitamin C and E supplements appears to have a positive effect on total antioxidant content of breastmilk and evidence of antioxidant activity in infant urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Zarban
- 1 Biochemistry Department, Birjand University of Medical Sciences , Birjand, Islamic Republic of Iran
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28
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Bégin P, Nadeau KC. Epigenetic regulation of asthma and allergic disease. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2014; 10:27. [PMID: 24932182 PMCID: PMC4057652 DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-10-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics of asthma and allergic disease is a field that has expanded greatly in the last decade. Previously thought only in terms of cell differentiation, it is now evident the epigenetics regulate many processes. With T cell activation, commitment toward an allergic phenotype is tightly regulated by DNA methylation and histone modifications at the Th2 locus control region. When normal epigenetic control is disturbed, either experimentally or by environmental exposures, Th1/Th2 balance can be affected. Epigenetic marks are not only transferred to daughter cells with cell replication but they can also be inherited through generations. In animal models, with constant environmental pressure, epigenetically determined phenotypes are amplified through generations and can last up to 2 generations after the environment is back to normal. In this review on the epigenetic regulation of asthma and allergic diseases we review basic epigenetic mechanisms and discuss the epigenetic control of Th2 cells. We then cover the transgenerational inheritance model of epigenetic traits and discuss how this could relate the amplification of asthma and allergic disease prevalence and severity through the last decades. Finally, we discuss recent epigenetic association studies for allergic phenotypes and related environmental risk factors as well as potential underlying mechanisms for these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bégin
- Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology Division, Stanford University, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology Division, Stanford University, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, California, USA
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29
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Netting MJ, Middleton PF, Makrides M. Does maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation affect outcomes in offspring? A systematic review of food-based approaches. Nutrition 2014; 30:1225-41. [PMID: 25280403 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation and development of atopic disorders in childhood. METHODS We included studies published up to August 2011 that assessed food-based maternal dietary interventions or that examined associations between maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and/or lactation and allergic outcomes (eczema, asthma, hay fever, and sensitization) in their children. RESULTS We included 42 studies (>40 000 children): 11 intervention studies (including 7 randomized control trials), 26 prospective cohort studies, 4 retrospective cohort studies, and 1 case-control study. In the randomized control trials, no significant difference was noted overall in the prevalence of eczema and asthma in the offspring of women on diets free from common food allergens during pregnancy. The prospective cohorts investigated a large number of potential associations, but reported few significant associations between maternal dietary intake and development of allergy. Maternal diets rich in fruits and vegetables, fish, and foods containing vitamin D and Mediterranean dietary patterns were among the few consistent associations with lower risk for allergic disease in their children. Foods associated with higher risk included vegetable oils and margarine, nuts, and fast food. CONCLUSION This review did not find widespread or consistent links between mothers' dietary intake and atopic outcomes in their children. However, maternal consumption of Mediterranean dietary patterns, diets rich in fruits and vegetables, fish, and vitamin D-containing foods were suggestive of benefit, requiring further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryn J Netting
- Child Nutrition Research Centre, Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Philippa F Middleton
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; ARCH: Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, The Robinson Institute, The University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- Child Nutrition Research Centre, Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, North Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Grimshaw KEC, Maskell J, Oliver EM, Morris RCG, Foote KD, Mills ENC, Roberts G, Margetts BM. Introduction of complementary foods and the relationship to food allergy. Pediatrics 2013; 132:e1529-38. [PMID: 24249826 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To address questions regarding breastfeeding, complementary feeding, allergy development, and current infant-feeding recommendations. METHODS This was a nested, case-control within a cohort study in which mothers of 41 infants diagnosed with food allergy by the age of 2 years (according to double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge) and their 82 age-matched controls kept prospective food diaries of how their infants were fed in the first year of life. RESULTS Infants who were diagnosed with food allergy by the time they were 2 years of age were introduced to solids earlier (≤16 weeks of age) and were less likely to be receiving breast milk when cow's milk protein was first introduced into their diet. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the current American Academy of Pediatrics' allergy prevention recommendations and the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition recommendations on complementary feeding to not introduce solids before 4 to 6 months of age. It also supports the American Academy of Pediatrics' breastfeeding recommendations that breastfeeding should continue while solids are introduced into the diet and that breastfeeding should continue for 1 year, or longer, as mutually desired by mother and infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E C Grimshaw
- RD, Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Mailpoint 803, Level F, South Academic Block, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Rd, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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Hong X, Wang X. Early life precursors, epigenetics, and the development of food allergy. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 34:655-69. [PMID: 22777545 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-012-0323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy (FA), a major clinical and public health concern worldwide, is caused by a complex interplay of environmental exposures, genetic variants, gene-environment interactions, and epigenetic alterations. This review summarizes recent advances surrounding these key factors, with a particular focus on the potential role of epigenetics in the development of FA. Epidemiologic studies have reported a number of nongenetic factors that may influence the risk of FA, such as timing of food introduction and feeding pattern, diet/nutrition, exposure to environmental tobacco smoking, prematurity and low birth weight, microbial exposure, and race/ethnicity. Current studies on the genetics of FA are mainly conducted using candidate gene approaches, which have linked more than 10 genes to the genetic susceptibility of FA. Studies on gene-environment interactions of FA are very limited. Epigenetic alteration has been proposed as one of the mechanisms to mediate the influence of early life environmental exposures and gene-environment interactions on the development of diseases later in life. The role of epigenetics in the regulation of the immune system and the epigenetic effects of some FA-associated environmental exposures are discussed in this review. There is a particular lack of large-scale prospective birth cohort studies that simultaneously assess the interrelationships of early life exposures, genetic susceptibility, epigenomic alterations, and the development of FA. The identification of these key factors and their independent and joint contributions to FA will allow us to gain important insight into the biological mechanisms by which environmental exposures and genetic susceptibility affect the risk of FA and will provide essential information to develop more effective new paradigms in the diagnosis, prevention, and management of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Hong
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179, USA.
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How should an incident case of atopic dermatitis be defined? A systematic review of primary prevention studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:137-44. [PMID: 22424882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eczema prevention is now an active area of dermatologic and allergy research. Defining an incident case is therefore a prerequisite for such a study. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine how an incident case of atopic dermatitis was defined in previous atopic dermatitis prevention studies in order to make recommendations on a standard definition of new atopic dermatitis cases for use in future prevention trials. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of controlled interventional atopic dermatitis prevention studies by using searches of MEDLINE and Cochrane databases for studies published from 1980 to the end of January 2011. Studies that included atopic dermatitis as a secondary outcome, such as asthma prevention trials, were included. RESULTS One hundred two studies were included in the final analysis, of which 27 (26.5%) did not describe any criteria for defining an incident case of atopic dermatitis. Of the remaining 75 studies with reported disease criteria, the Hanifin-Rajka criteria were the most commonly used (28 studies). A disease definition unique to that particular study (21 studies) was the second most commonly used disease definition, although the sources for such novel definitions were not cited. CONCLUSIONS The results from this systematic review highlight the need for improved reporting and standardization of the definition used for an incident case in atopic dermatitis prevention studies. Most prevention studies have used disease definitions such as the Hanifin-Rajka criteria that include disease chronicity. While acceptable for cumulative incidence outcomes, inclusion of disease chronicity precludes the precise measurement of disease onset. We propose a definition based on existing scientific studies that could be used in future prospective studies.
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Nwaru BI, Erkkola M, Ahonen S, Kaila M, Lumia M, Prasad M, Haapala AM, Kronberg-Kippilä C, Veijola R, Ilonen J, Simell O, Knip M, Virtanen SM. Maternal diet during lactation and allergic sensitization in the offspring at age of 5. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22:334-41. [PMID: 21223376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of maternal dietary intake during lactation on allergic sensitization at the age of 5 in children carrying HLA-DQB1-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. We analyzed data for 652 consecutively born children with complete information on maternal diet and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) measurements who are participating in the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Nutrition and allergy study. Analysis was performed using logistic regression. In models that included the significant uncorrelated dietary variables, maternal intake of butters and saturated fatty acids was associated with increased risk, while margarine was associated with a decreased risk, of sensitization to wheat allergen in the offspring. Maternal intake of potatoes, milks, and margarine and low-fat spreads were associated with decreased risk of sensitization to birch allergen. On the other hand, intake of potatoes decreased the risk, while vitamin C and eggs increased the risk, of cat allergic sensitization. Maternal intake of butters and saturated fatty acids during lactation may increase the risk, while margarines may decrease the risk, of sensitization to wheat allergen in the offspring. Maternal intake of potatoes, milks, and margarines may decrease the risk of sensitization to birch allergen. On the other hand, intake of potatoes may decrease the risk, while vitamin C and eggs may increase the risk, of cat allergic sensitization. These effects may persist regardless of maternal or parental allergic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright I Nwaru
- Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
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Chung J, Oh SY, Shin YK. Association of glutathione-S-transferase polymorphisms with atopic dermatitis risk in preschool age children. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 47:1475-81. [PMID: 19842992 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2009.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes are critical for detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their products which have been implicated in the pathology of inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS We investigated the effects of genetic polymorphisms of GST on the risk of AD in preschool age children. Biomarkers for oxidative stress were also evaluated with respect to GST genotype. RESULTS The GSTP1 Val105 allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of AD [odds ratio (OR)=1.62, p<0.05]. The combination of the GSTP1 Val105 allele and the GSTT1 null genotype further increased this risk by 2.3-fold (p<0.01). No association was observed for the GSTM1 null or GSTT1 null genotype alone. In children with AD, blood total antioxidant capacity was significantly less (p<0.001), while malondialdehyde was higher (p=0.12). Children with the GSTP1 Val105 allele had significantly lower concentrations of erythrocyte glutathione compared to GSTP1 ILE/ILE homozygotes (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the GSTP1 Val105 allele is an important determinant of susceptibility to AD in preschool age children and increased oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayong Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Research Institute of Science for Human Life, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
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Oh SY, Chung J, Kim MK, Kwon SO, Cho BH. Antioxidant nutrient intakes and corresponding biomarkers associated with the risk of atopic dermatitis in young children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:245-52. [PMID: 20104235 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of antioxidant nutritional status with the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) in young children in a case-control, population-based study. SUBJECTS/METHODS Identified from preschools by using the Korean version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Final analysis included 180 AD (mean age 5.3+/-0.9 years) and 242 non-AD (mean age 5.2+/-1.0 years) children. Diet was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were used for analyses of fat-soluble vitamins (retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene) and vitamin C. RESULTS AD was associated negatively with intakes of antioxidant-related nutrients. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were 0.44 (0.22-0.88) for the highest (vs lowest) quintile of beta-carotene. A similar association was observed for dietary vitamin E (OR=0.33, 95% CI=0.16-0.67), folic acid (OR=0.37, 95% CI=0.18-0.73), and iron (OR=0.39, 95% CI=0.19-0.79). Reduced AD risk was found with 1 s.d. increase of serum alpha-tocopherol [OR=0.64, 95% CI=0.41-0.98) and retinol (OR=0.74, 95% CI=0.58-0.96) concentrations, and marginally with that of serum beta-carotene levels (P=0.0749 for trend). There was no relationship of AD risk with dietary and plasma vitamin C as well as nutrient supplement intake regardless of nutrient type. AD was predicted better by the intake measure than the corresponding blood biomarker regarding vitamin E and beta-carotene. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that higher antioxidant nutritional status reduces the risk of AD and that such risk-reduction effects depend on nutrient type.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Y Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Dattner AM. Breastfeeding and atopic dermatitis: protective or harmful? facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol 2010; 28:34-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chamlin SL, Kaulback K, Mancini AJ. What is "high risk?" a systematic review of atopy risk and implications for primary prevention. Pediatr Dermatol 2009; 26:247-56. [PMID: 19706083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2008.00807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atopic diseases are common and becoming more prevalent. Efforts have focused on primary disease prevention by identifying high-risk children and applying preventative strategies. Our aim was to evaluate methods used to identify high-risk children in atopy prevention studies. A literature search for relevant articles published between 1986 and 2006 was conducted, and all abstracts were reviewed. The search yielded 1,535 publications, 133 were reviewed in detail, and 57 met inclusion criteria. High risk was defined by 30 different methods. First-degree relatives with an atopic disorder were included in all methods, but only three publications used referenced questionnaires to determine this. Less frequently included were cord blood immunoglobulin E measurements and skin prick or radioallergosorbent testing, and 16 methods relied on history alone. Family history was the most common method used to predict high risk of atopic disease in a child, but a minority of studies used a tested questionnaire to determine the presence of atopy in family members. The methods used to identify high-risk children are variable, and the development and widespread use of a validated, practical screening tool is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Chamlin
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA.
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Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and aroma quality of breast milk. Nutrition 2008; 25:105-14. [PMID: 18947973 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is important to understand the difference and similarity in antioxidant capacity and aroma quality between formula and breast milk for purposes of modifying infant formulas. We evaluated the antioxidant properties and aroma quality of infant formula and breast milk. METHODS Six breast milk samples and four infant formulas were used. Antioxidant properties were measured using the following methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl free radical scavenging capacity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, total phenolic content, and phenolic composition. Aroma quality was determined using the electronic nose. RESULTS The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity for formula and breast milk ranged from 45.3% to 61.8% and from 52.8% to 61.2%, respectively. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity ranged from 28.8 to 31.9 g/kg for formula and from 25.5 to 39.2 g/kg for breast milk. Total phenolic content ranged from 422 to 751 mg/kg and from 329to 797 mg/kg for formula and milk, respectively. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid were detected with values ranging from 614 to 635, 1391 to 1444, and 1425 to 1490 microg/kg in breast milk and from 783 to 3594, 1449 to 1510, and 1447 to 1561 microg/kg in formulas. Electronic nose results indicated that the aroma quality of formula controls 2, 3, and 4 was similar to that of breast milk. CONCLUSION Differences and similarities in antioxidant properties and aroma quality were found among some of the formulas and breast milk. The contribution of phenolic acids to total antioxidant capacity was limited.
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Romeu-Nadal M, Castellote A, Gayà A, López-Sabater M. Effect of pasteurisation on ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, tocopherols and fatty acids in pooled mature human milk. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Håberg SE, Nafstad P, Nystad W, Magnus P. Genetics and gene-environment interactions in atopic diseases. The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Hum Hered 2007; 65:195-8. [PMID: 18073489 DOI: 10.1159/000112366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) aims to provide new insights in a broad variety of diseases. The goal of the study is to understand pathways in disease development, and identify preventive measures. Several designs are suitable for studying genetics in complex diseases like asthma and allergy, in MoBa. METHODS MoBa is a prospective population based cohort of 100 000 pregnancies, following offspring into adulthood. Enrollment started in 1999, and will be completed in 2008. A biobank with samples from the mother, father and child, together with detailed questionnaires from early pregnancy and childhood constitute the basis of the study. When studying complex diseases like asthma, a design with case-parent triads is useful. Parental effects and interactions between maternal and fetal genes can be detected. Stratifying triads by environmental exposure enables assessment of gene-environment interactions. RESULTS By July 2006, more than 73,000 pregnancies have been included, with nearly 7,000 siblings and 1,300 pairs of twins enrolled. Biological samples are processed and stored at the biobank. The first children are reaching age seven in 2006. CONCLUSION The MoBa cohort provides an excellent basis for studying genetic, epigenetic and environmental influences on complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri E Håberg
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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Laitinen K, Kalliomäki M, Poussa T, Lagström H, Isolauri E. Evaluation of diet and growth in children with and without atopic eczema: follow-up study from birth to 4 years. Br J Nutr 2007; 94:565-74. [PMID: 16197582 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Current research into dietary factors contributing to the development of allergic diseases is directed towards new active approaches instead of passive elimination diets. The present study aimed to investigate the explanatory role of the diet in a probiotic intervention study on the appearance of atopic eczema (AE) in childhood and the safety of perinatal supplementation with probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG; ATCC 53 103). A prospective follow-up study from birth to 48 months of children (n 159) with a family history of allergic disease was carried out. Outcome measures included growth, dietary intake assessed with 4 d food diaries and their association with AE by logistic regression models. Increased intakes of retinol, Ca and Zn, with perinatal administration of probiotics, reduced the risk of AE, whilst an increase in intake of ascorbic acid increased the likelihood of AE. Perinatal administration of probiotics was safe, as it did not influence the height (mean difference 0·04 (95 % CI −0·33, 0·40) sd scores, P=0·852) or the weight-for-height (mean difference −3·35 (95 % CI −7·07, 0·37)%, P=0·077) of the children at 48 months with and without perinatal administration of probiotics. Up to 48 months, AE did not affect height (mean difference −0·05 (95 % CI −0·42, 0·33) sd scores, P=0·815), but mean weight-for-height in children with AE was −5·1 % (95 % CI −8·9, −1·2 %) lower compared with children without (P=0·010). The joint effects of nutrients and probiotics need to be considered in active prevention and management schemes for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Laitinen
- Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Skellchock LE. Atopic Dermatitis. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-2954-0.50072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Laitinen K, Hoppu U, Hämäläinen M, Linderborg K, Moilanen E, Isolauri E. Breast milk fatty acids may link innate and adaptive immune regulation: analysis of soluble CD14, prostaglandin E2, and fatty acids. Pediatr Res 2006; 59:723-7. [PMID: 16627889 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000203158.31452.9e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its role in sensing intraluminal microbial antigens, soluble (s)CD14 may regulate immune responses by its lesser known function as a lipid carrier with possible influences in the production of fatty acid-derived eicosanoids. We investigated the interrelations of fatty acids, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and sCD14 and their role in infant atopic eczema during the first year of life. Serum and breast milk samples from mothers and serum samples from their infants were collected at infant's age 3 mo and analyzed for sCD14 and PGE2 concentrations and for fatty acid compositions. The main correlation of sCD14 was with arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) (AA). Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) (DHGLA) and the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids correlated positively and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) (DHA) and sum of n-3 fatty acid negatively with PGE2 in mother's serum and linoleic acid (LA) negatively with PGE2 in breast milk. Soluble CD14 tended to be higher and LA, total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and sum of n-6 fatty acids were lower in breast milk received by infants with atopic eczema compared with those without. These results suggest that fatty acids contribute to the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses and link intraluminal exposures, mother's diet, and microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Laitinen
- Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Central Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland.
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Zuercher AW, Fritsché R, Corthésy B, Mercenier A. Food products and allergy development, prevention and treatment. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2006; 17:198-203. [PMID: 16481157 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2006.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Revised: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In westernized countries allergic diseases have reached epidemic proportions. Food is frequently a perpetrator of allergy but, in turn, modified food and selected food ingredients can become valuable intervention tools in the fight against allergy. There are two basic approaches towards mitigation of food allergy through nutrition: to reduce the allergenicity of raw food materials by physical, chemical or genetic methods or to influence host immunity towards a non-allergic state using various food ingredients. Dietary intervention for the prevention and therapy of allergy is an emerging field where initial findings from animal studies are now being validated in human trials. Nevertheless, to consolidate the utility of such interventions, more pre-clinical and clinical studies remain necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian W Zuercher
- Allergy Group, Nutrition and Health Department, Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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