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Lin ZC, Hung CF, Aljuffali IA, Lin MH, Fang JY. RNA-Based Antipsoriatic Gene Therapy: An Updated Review Focusing on Evidence from Animal Models. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1277-1296. [PMID: 38681207 PMCID: PMC11055533 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s447780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis presents as a complex genetic skin disorder, characterized by the interaction between infiltrated immune cells and keratinocytes. Substantial progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of both coding and non-coding genes, which has positively impacted clinical treatment approaches. Despite extensive research into the genetic aspects of psoriasis pathogenesis, fully grasping its epigenetic component remains a challenging endeavor. In response to the pressing demand for innovative treatments to alleviate inflammatory skin disorders, various novel strategies are under consideration. These include gene therapy employing antisense nucleotides, silencing RNA complexes, stem cell therapy, and antibody-based therapy. There is a pressing requirement for a psoriasis-like animal model that replicates human psoriasis to facilitate early preclinical evaluations of these novel treatments. The authors conduct a comprehensive review of various gene therapy in different psoriasis-like animal models utilized in psoriasis research. The animals included in the list underwent skin treatments such as imiquimod application, as well as genetic and biologic injections, and the results of these interventions are detailed. Animal models play a crucial role in translating drug discoveries from the laboratory to clinical practice, and these models aid in improving the reproducibility and clinical applicability of preclinical data. Numerous animal models with characteristics similar to those of human psoriasis have proven to be useful in understanding the development of psoriasis. In this review, the article focuses on RNA-based gene therapy exploration in different types of psoriasis-like animal models to improve the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zih-Chan Lin
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ibrahim A Aljuffali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ming-Hsien Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Sieminska I, Pieniawska M, Grzywa TM. The Immunology of Psoriasis-Current Concepts in Pathogenesis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2024:10.1007/s12016-024-08991-7. [PMID: 38642273 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases with a chronic, relapsing-remitting course. The last decades of intense research uncovered a pathological network of interactions between immune cells and other types of cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Emerging evidence indicates that dendritic cells, TH17 cells, and keratinocytes constitute a pathogenic triad in psoriasis. Dendritic cells produce TNF-α and IL-23 to promote T cell differentiation toward TH17 cells that produce key psoriatic cytokines IL-17, IFN-γ, and IL-22. Their activity results in skin inflammation and activation and hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. In addition, other cells and signaling pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, including TH9 cells, TH22 cells, CD8+ cytotoxic cells, neutrophils, γδ T cells, and cytokines and chemokines secreted by them. New insights from high-throughput analysis of lesional skin identified novel signaling pathways and cell populations involved in the pathogenesis. These studies not only expanded our knowledge about the mechanisms of immune response and the pathogenesis of psoriasis but also resulted in a revolution in the clinical management of patients with psoriasis. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of immune response in psoriatic inflammation is crucial for further studies, the development of novel therapeutic strategies, and the clinical management of psoriasis patients. The aim of the review was to comprehensively present the dysregulation of immune response in psoriasis with an emphasis on recent findings. Here, we described the role of immune cells, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, monocytes, mast cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), as well as non-immune cells, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and platelets in the initiation, development, and progression of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sieminska
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Pieniawska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz M Grzywa
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.
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Wang N, Zhang C. Oxidative Stress: A Culprit in the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:455. [PMID: 38671903 PMCID: PMC11047699 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the principal culprit behind chronic kidney disease (CKD), ultimately developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and necessitating costly dialysis or kidney transplantation. The limited therapeutic efficiency among individuals with DKD is a result of our finite understanding of its pathogenesis. DKD is the result of complex interactions between various factors. Oxidative stress is a fundamental factor that can establish a link between hyperglycemia and the vascular complications frequently encountered in diabetes, particularly DKD. It is crucial to recognize the essential and integral role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetic vascular complications, particularly DKD. Hyperglycemia is the primary culprit that can trigger an upsurge in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately sparking oxidative stress. The main endogenous sources of ROS include mitochondrial ROS production, NADPH oxidases (Nox), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), xanthine oxidase (XO), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and lipoxygenase. Under persistent high glucose levels, immune cells, the complement system, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein kinase C (PKC), polyol pathway, and the hexosamine pathway are activated. Consequently, the oxidant-antioxidant balance within the body is disrupted, which triggers a series of reactions in various downstream pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), transforming growth factor beta/p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (TGF-β/p38-MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. The disease might persist even if strict glucose control is achieved, which can be attributed to epigenetic modifications. The treatment of DKD remains an unresolved issue. Therefore, reducing ROS is an intriguing therapeutic target. The clinical trials have shown that bardoxolone methyl, a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, blood glucose-lowering drugs, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists can effectively slow down the progression of DKD by reducing oxidative stress. Other antioxidants, including vitamins, lipoic acid, Nox inhibitors, epigenetic regulators, and complement inhibitors, present a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of DKD. In this review, we conduct a thorough assessment of both preclinical studies and current findings from clinical studies that focus on targeted interventions aimed at manipulating these pathways. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in this area and identify key areas for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Golob-Schwarzl N, Pilic J, Benezeder T, Bordag N, Painsi C, Wolf P. Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) as a Target of Anti-Psoriatic Treatment. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:500-508.e3. [PMID: 37865179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) has been known to play a critical role in the regulation of gene expression and essential cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. In this study, we explored its role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. The inhibition of eIF4E by small interfering RNA or briciclib, an eIF4E small molecule inhibitor, downregulated the expression of eIF4E itself and its two complex partners eIF4A and G, as well as other eIFs (eg, eIF1A, eIF2α, eIF3A, eIF3B, eIF5, and eIF6). This inhibition also abolished psoriatic inflammation in both the imiquimod and TGFß mouse model, as well as in a human 3 dimensional-psoriasis tissue model. Downregulation of eIF4E and the other eIFs by application of briciclib (particularly when given topically) was linked to the normalization of cellular proliferation, epidermal hyperplasia, levels of proinflammatory cytokines (eg, TNFα, IL-1b, IL-17, and IL-22), and keratinocyte differentiation markers (eg, KRT16 and FLG). These results demonstrate translational imbalance and underline the crucial role played by eIF4E and other eIFs in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. This work opens up avenues for the development of novel topical antipsoriatic treatment strategies by targeting eIF4E.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Pilic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Theresa Benezeder
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Natalie Bordag
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Painsi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Sun J, Yang R, Fu J, Huo D, Qu X, Tan C, Chen H, Wang X. TGFβ1-induced hedgehog signaling suppresses the immune response of brain microvascular endothelial cells elicited by meningitic Escherichia coli. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:123. [PMID: 38360663 PMCID: PMC10868028 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningitic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the major etiological agent of bacterial meningitis, a life-threatening infectious disease with severe neurological sequelae and high mortality. The major cause of central nervous system (CNS) damage and sequelae is the bacterial-induced inflammatory storm, where the immune response of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is crucial. METHODS Western blot, real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, and dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to investigate the suppressor role of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) in the immune response of brain microvascular endothelial cells elicited by meningitic E. coli. RESULT In this work, we showed that exogenous TGFβ1 and induced noncanonical Hedgehog (HH) signaling suppressed the endothelial immune response to meningitic E. coli infection via upregulation of intracellular miR-155. Consequently, the increased miR-155 suppressed ERK1/2 activation by negatively regulating KRAS, thereby decreasing IL-6, MIP-2, and E-selectin expression. In addition, the exogenous HH signaling agonist SAG demonstrated promising protection against meningitic E. coli-induced neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION Our work revealed the effect of TGFβ1 antagonism on E. coli-induced BBB immune response and suggested that activation of HH signaling may be a potential protective strategy for future bacterial meningitis therapy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruicheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiyang Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dong Huo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinyi Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chen Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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王 一, 郭 建, 邵 宝, 陈 海, 蓝 辉. [The Role of TGF-β1/SMAD in Diabetic Nephropathy: Mechanisms and Research Development]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:1065-1073. [PMID: 38162063 PMCID: PMC10752761 DOI: 10.12182/20231160108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/SMAD signaling activation plays an important role in the onset and progression of DN. Reported findings suggest that the activation of TGF-β1 (including the latent form, the active form, and the receptors) and its downstream signaling proteins (SMAD3, SMAD7, etc.) plays a critical role in DN. In addition, TGF-β1/SMAD signaling may mediate the pathogenesis and progression of DN via various microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Emerging evidence shows that TGF-β1, SMAD3, and SMAD7 are the main signaling proteins that contribute to the development of DN, and that they can be potential targets for the treatment of DN. However, recent clinical trials have shown that the anti-TGF-β1 monoclonal antibody treatment fails to effectively alleviate DN, which suggests that upstream inhibition of TGF-β1/SMAD signaling does not alleviate clinical symptoms and that this may be related to the fact that TGF-β1/SMAD has multiple biological effects. Targeted inhibition of the downstream TGF-β1 signaling (e.g., SMAD3 and SMAD7) may be an effective approach to attenuate DN. This article discussed the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and potential targets for the treatment and prevention of DN by focusing on TGF-β1/SMAD signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- 一帆 王
- 香港大学中医药学院 (香港 999000)School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999000, China
| | - 建波 郭
- 香港大学中医药学院 (香港 999000)School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999000, China
| | - 宝仪 邵
- 香港大学中医药学院 (香港 999000)School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999000, China
| | - 海勇 陈
- 香港大学中医药学院 (香港 999000)School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999000, China
- 香港大学深圳医院 中医部 (深圳 518053)Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - 辉耀 蓝
- 香港大学中医药学院 (香港 999000)School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999000, China
- 香港大学深圳医院 中医部 (深圳 518053)Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
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Boonpethkaew S, Meephansan J, Ponnikorn S, Jumlongpim O, Juntongjin P, Chakkavittumrong P, Wongpiyabovorn J, Morita A, Komine M. Exploring the role of growth factors as potential regulators in psoriatic plaque formation. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1924-1934. [PMID: 37665186 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in which growth activity is more prominent than inflammatory activity at the centre of lesional skin (CE skin). This growth activity is partly influenced by growth factors (GFs) that play an important role in cell growth and inflammation during the plaque development. In this study, we identified potential GFs in CE skin and predicted their regulatory functions and biological activity in mediating transcripts in the plaques. Samples of uninvolved skin (UN skin) and CE skin were biopsied from patients with psoriasis vulgaris for RNA-sequencing analysis in order to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Our finding revealed that epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signalling were enriched by CE/UN skin-derived DEGs. Additionally, several EGFR ligands, namely EGF, heparin-binding EGF like growth factor (HB-EGF), amphiregulin (AREG) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, as well as TGF-β1, TGF-β2, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, FGFs, PDGF-B and HGF, were predicted to be GF regulators. The regulatory pattern and biological activity of these GF regulators on mediating the CE/UN skin-derived DEGs was demonstrated. This study provides a novel hypothesis regarding the overall regulatory function of GFs, which appear to modulate the expression of the transcripts involved in inflammation and growth in the CE skin. In addition, some GFs may exert anti-inflammatory effects. Further investigations on the mechanisms underlying this regulation may contribute to a deeper understanding of psoriasis and the identification of potential therapeutic targets for patients with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suphagan Boonpethkaew
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Thammasat University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Jitlada Meephansan
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Saranyoo Ponnikorn
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Thammasat University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Onjira Jumlongpim
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Premjit Juntongjin
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Panlop Chakkavittumrong
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jongkonnee Wongpiyabovorn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Disease, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Akimichi Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mayumi Komine
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Jiang X, Shi R, Ma R, Tang X, Gong Y, Yu Z, Shi Y. The role of microRNA in psoriasis: A review. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1598-1612. [PMID: 37382420 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease that involves a complex interplay between infiltrated immune cells and keratinocytes. Great progress has been made in the research on the molecular mechanism of coding and non-coding genes, which has helped in clinical treatment. However, our understanding of this complex disease is far from clear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation, characterised by their role in mediating gene silencing. Recent studies on miRNAs have revealed their important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. We reviewed the current advances in the study of miRNAs in psoriasis; the existing research has found that dysregulated miRNAs in psoriasis notably affect keratinocyte proliferation and/or differentiation processes, as well as inflammation progress. In addition, miRNAs also influence the function of immune cells in psoriasis, including CD4+ T cells, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells and so on. In addition, we discuss possible miRNA-based therapy for psoriasis, such as the topical delivery of exogenous miRNAs, miRNA antagonists and miRNA mimics. Our review highlights the potential role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and we expect more research progress with miRNAs in the future, which will help us understand this complex skin disease more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongcan Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengyang Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuling Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ademi H, Michalak-Micka K, Moehrlen U, Biedermann T, Klar AS. Effects of an Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Conditioned medium and TGF-β1 on Human Keratinocytes In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14726. [PMID: 37834173 PMCID: PMC10572767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human keratinocytes play a crucial role during skin wound healing and in skin replacement therapies. The secretome of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) has been shown to secrete pro-healing factors, among which include TGF-β1, which is essential for keratinocyte migration and the re-epithelialization of cutaneous wounds during skin wound healing. The benefits of an ASC conditioned medium (ASC-CM) are primarily orchestrated by trophic factors that mediate autocrine and paracrine effects in keratinocytes. Here, we evaluated the composition and the innate characteristics of the ASC secretome and its biological effects on keratinocyte maturation and wound healing in vitro. In particular, we detected high levels of different growth factors, such as HGF, FGFb, and VEGF, and other factors, such as TIMP1 and 4, IL8, PAI-1, uPA, and IGFBP-3, in the ASC-CM. Further, we investigated, using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, the distinct effects of a human ASC-CM and/or synthetic TGF-β1 on human keratinocyte proliferation, migration, and cell apoptosis suppression. We demonstrated that the ASC-CM increased keratinocyte proliferation as compared to TGF-β1 treatment. Further, we found that the ASC-CM exerted cell cycle progression in keratinocytes via regulating the phases G1, S, and G2/M. In particular, cells subjected to the ASC-CM demonstrated increased DNA synthesis (S phase) compared to the TGF-β1-treated KCs, which showed a pronounced G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, both the ASC-CM and TGF-β1 conditions resulted in a decreased expression of the late differentiation marker CK10 in human keratinocytes in vitro, whereas both treatments enhanced transglutaminase 3 and loricrin expression. Interestingly, the ASC-CM promoted significantly increased numbers of keratinocytes expressing epidermal basal keratinocyte markers, such DLL1 and Jagged2 Notch ligands, whereas those ligands were significantly decreased in TGF-β1-treated keratinocytes. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the ASC-CM is a potent stimulator of human keratinocyte proliferation in vitro, particularly supporting basal keratinocytes, which are crucial for a successful skin coverage after transplantation. In contrast, TGF-β1 treatment decreased keratinocyte proliferation and specifically increased the expression of differentiation markers in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyrije Ademi
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Michalak-Micka
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Moehrlen
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Biedermann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agnes S. Klar
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Fries A, Saidoune F, Kuonen F, Dupanloup I, Fournier N, Guerra de Souza AC, Haniffa M, Ma F, Gudjonsson JE, Roesner L, Li Y, Werfel T, Conrad C, Gottardo R, Modlin RL, Di Domizio J, Gilliet M. Differentiation of IL-26 + T H17 intermediates into IL-17A producers via epithelial crosstalk in psoriasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3878. [PMID: 37391412 PMCID: PMC10313793 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-26 is a TH17 cytokine with known antimicrobial and pro-inflammatory functions. However, the precise role of IL-26 in the context of pathogenic TH17 responses is unknown. Here we identify a population of blood TH17 intermediates that produce high levels of IL-26 and differentiate into IL-17A-producing TH17 cells upon TGF-β1 exposure. By combining single cell RNA sequencing, TCR sequencing and spatial transcriptomics we show that this process occurs in psoriatic skin. In fact, IL-26+ TH17 intermediates infiltrating psoriatic skin induce TGF-β1 expression in basal keratinocytes and thereby promote their own differentiation into IL-17A-producing cells. Thus, our study identifies IL-26-producing cells as an early differentiation stage of TH17 cells that infiltrates psoriatic skin and controls its own maturation into IL17A-producing TH17 cells, via epithelial crosstalk involving paracrine production of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Fries
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV University Hospital and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Saidoune
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV University Hospital and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Kuonen
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV University Hospital and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Dupanloup
- Translational Data Science Facility, Agora Cancer Research Center, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Fournier
- Translational Data Science Facility, Agora Cancer Research Center, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Cristina Guerra de Souza
- Translational Data Science Facility, Agora Cancer Research Center, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4LP, UK
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lennart Roesner
- Department of Dermatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Department of Dermatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Curdin Conrad
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV University Hospital and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Biomedical Data Sciences Center, CHUV, UNIL, and SIB, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeremy Di Domizio
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV University Hospital and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Michel Gilliet
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV University Hospital and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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11
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Parab S, Doshi G. The Experimental Animal Models in Psoriasis Research: A Comprehensive Review. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109897. [PMID: 36822099 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune, chronic, inflammatory skin condition mediated by T cells. It differs from other inflammatory conditions by causing significant alterations in epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation that are both complicated and prominent. The lack of an appropriate animal model has significantly hindered studies into the pathogenic mechanisms of psoriasis since animals other than humans typically do not exhibit the complex phenotypic features of human psoriasis. A variety of methods, including spontaneous mutations, drug-induced mutations, genetically engineered animals, xenotransplantation models, and immunological reconstitution approaches, have all been employed to study specific characteristics in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Although some of these approaches have been used for more than 50 years and far more models have been introduced recently, they have surprisingly not yet undergone detailed validation. Despite their limitations, these models have shown a connection between keratinocyte hyperplasia, vascular hyperplasia, and a cell-mediated immune response in the skin. The xenotransplantation of diseased or unaffected human skin onto immune-compromised recipients has also significantly aided psoriasis research. This technique has been used in a variety of ways to investigate the function of T lymphocytes and other cells, including preclinical therapeutic studies. The design of pertinent in vivo and in vitro psoriasis models is currently of utmost concern and a crucial step toward its cure. This article outlines the general approach in the development of psoriasis-related animal models, aspects of some specific models, along with their strengths and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi Parab
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India.
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12
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Wang C, Nistala R, Cao M, Li DP, Pan Y, Golzy M, Cui Y, Liu Z, Kang X. Repair of Limb Ischemia Is Dependent on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Specific-SHP-1 Regulation of TGF-β1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:92-108. [PMID: 36412197 PMCID: PMC10037747 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapy has shown promise for tissue regeneration after ischemia. Therefore, there is a need to understand mechanisms underlying endogenous HSCs activation in response to ischemic stress and coordination of angiogenesis and repair. SHP-1 plays important roles in HSC quiescence and differentiation by regulation of TGF-β1 signaling. TGF-β1 promotes angiogenesis by stimulating stem cells to secrete growth factors to initiate the formation of blood vessels and later aid in their maturation. We propose that SHP-1 responds to ischemia stress in HSC and progenitor cells (HSPC) via regulation of TGF-β1. METHODS A mouse hind limb ischemia model was used. Local blood perfusion in the limbs was determined using laser doppler perfusion imaging. The number of positive blood vessels per square millimeter, as well as blood vessel diameter (μm) and area (μm2), were calculated. Hematopoietic cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. The bone marrow transplantation assay was performed to measure HSC reconstitution. RESULTS After femoral artery ligation, TGF-β1 was initially decreased in the bone marrow by day 3 of ischemia, followed by an increase on day 7. This pattern was opposite to that in the peripheral blood, which is concordant with the response of HSC to ischemic stress. In contrast, SHP-1 deficiency in HSC is associated with irreversible activation of HSPCs in the bone marrow and increased circulating HSPCs in peripheral blood following limb ischemia. In addition, there was augmented auto-induction of TGF-β1 and sustained inactivation of SHP-1-Smad2 signaling, which impacted TGF-β1 expression in HSPCs in circulation. Importantly, restoration of normal T GF-β1 oscillations helped in the recovery of limb repair and function. CONCLUSIONS HSPC-SHP-1-mediated regulation of TGF-β1 in both bone marrow and peripheral blood is required for a normal response to ischemic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
- Division of Nephrology (R.N.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Min Cao
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - De-Pei Li
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Yi Pan
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Mojgan Golzy
- Department of Family and Community Medicine - Biostatistics Unit, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.G.)
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.C., Z.L.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.C., Z.L.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
| | - XunLei Kang
- Center for Precision Medicine (C.W., R.N., M.C., D.-P.L., Y.P., Y.C., Z.L., X.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia
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13
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Henriet E, Abdallah F, Laurent Y, Guimpied C, Clement E, Simon M, Pichon C, Baril P. Targeting TGF-β1/miR-21 pathway in keratinocytes reveals protective effects of silymarin on imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 3:100175. [PMID: 36968096 PMCID: PMC10034514 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal cells integrate multiple signals that activate the signaling pathways involved in skin homeostasis. TGF-β1 signaling pathway upregulates microRNA (miR)-21-5p in keratinocytes and is often deregulated in skin diseases. To identify the bioactive compounds that enable to modulate the TGF-β1/miR-21-5p signaling pathway, we screened a library of medicinal plant extracts using our miR-ON RILES luciferase reporter system placed under the control of the miR-21-5p in keratinocytes treated with TGF-β1. We identified silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignans extracted from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., as the most potent regulator of miR-21-5p expression. Using Argonaute 2 immunoprecipitation and RT-qPCR, we showed that silymarin regulates the expression of miR-21-5p through a noncanonical TGF-β1 signaling pathway, whereas RNA-sequencing analysis revealed three unexpected transcriptomic signatures associated with keratinocyte differentiation, cell cycle, and lipid metabolism. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SM blocks cell cycle progression, inhibits keratinocyte differentiation through repression of Notch3 expression, stimulates lipid synthesis via activation of PPARγ signaling and inhibits inflammatory responses by suppressing the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. We finally showed that topical application of silymarin alleviates the development of imiquimod-induced psoriasiform lesions in mice by abrogating the altered expression levels of markers involved in inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, and lipid metabolism.
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14
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The Growth Factor Release from a Platelet-Rich Plasma Preparation Is Influenced by the Onset of Guttate Psoriasis: A Case Report. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of platelets in immune and inflammatory processes is generally recognized; nevertheless, in psoriasis, their role is not clearly understood. We studied the in vitro growth factor release from a platelet-rich plasma preparation, the concentrated growth factors (CGF), in a case of a psoriasis subject three days before the onset of the papule. The CGF clots were incubated in a cell culture medium without growth supplements for 5 h and 1, 3, 6, 7, and 8 days, and the release kinetics of PDGF-AB, VEGF, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 were evaluated. The data, based on the results obtained during the case study, report a general increase in growth factor release in the psoriasis subject with respect to the healthy control, indicating an imbalance of growth factor production from blood cells. Although the results should be validated in the future, they show new aspects of this dermatological pathology, opening new possibilities both as the method of study, using CGF, and the involvement of platelets and growth factors in its development and maintenance.
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15
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Phenotypical Conversions of Dermal Adipocytes as Pathophysiological Steps in Inflammatory Cutaneous Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073828. [PMID: 35409189 PMCID: PMC8998946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes from the superficial layer of subcutaneous adipose tissue undergo cyclic de- and re-differentiation, which can significantly influence the development of skin inflammation under different cutaneous conditions. This inflammation can be connected with local loading of the reticular dermis with lipids released due to de-differentiation of adipocytes during the catagen phase of the hair follicle cycle. Alternatively, the inflammation parallels a widespread release of cathelicidin, which typically takes place in the anagen phase (especially in the presence of pathogens). Additionally, trans-differentiation of dermal adipocytes into myofibroblasts, which can occur under some pathological conditions, can be responsible for the development of collateral scarring in acne. Here, we provide an overview of such cellular conversions in the skin and discuss their possible involvement in the pathophysiology of inflammatory skin conditions, such as acne and psoriasis.
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16
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Inhibition of CtBP-Regulated Proinflammatory Gene Transcription Attenuates Psoriatic Skin Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:390-401. [PMID: 34293351 PMCID: PMC8770725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated disease characterized by excessive proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes and increased immune cell infiltration to the skin. Although it is well-known that psoriasis pathogenesis is driven by aberrant production of proinflammatory cytokines, the mechanisms underlying the imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression are incompletely understood. In this study, we report that the transcriptional coregulators CtBP1 and 2 can transactivate a common set of proinflammatory genes both in the skin of imiquimod-induced mouse psoriasis model and in human keratinocytes and macrophages stimulated by imiquimod. We find that mice overexpressing CtBP1 in epidermal keratinocytes display severe skin inflammation phenotypes with increased expression of T helper type 1 and T helper type 17 cytokines. We also find that the expression of CtBPs and CtBP-target genes is elevated both in human psoriatic lesions and in the mouse imiquimod psoriasis model. Moreover, we were able to show that topical treatment with a peptidic inhibitor of CtBP effectively suppresses the CtBP-regulated proinflammatory gene expression and thus attenuates psoriatic inflammation in the imiquimod mouse model. Together, our findings suggest to our knowledge previously unreported strategies for therapeutic modulation of the immune response in inflammatory skin diseases.
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17
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Yan D, Gudjonsson JE, Le S, Maverakis E, Plazyo O, Ritchlin C, Scher JU, Singh R, Ward NL, Bell S, Liao W. New Frontiers in Psoriatic Disease Research, Part I: Genetics, Environmental Triggers, Immunology, Pathophysiology, and Precision Medicine. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2112-2122.e3. [PMID: 34303522 PMCID: PMC8384663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by systemic immune dysregulation. Over the past several years, advances in genetics, microbiology, immunology, and mouse models have revealed the complex interplay between the heritable and microenvironmental factors that drive the development of psoriatic inflammation. In the first of this two-part review series, the authors will discuss the newest insights into the pathogenesis of psoriatic disease and highlight how the evolution of these scientific fields has paved the way for a more personalized approach to psoriatic disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yan
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Stephanie Le
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Olesya Plazyo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher Ritchlin
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jose U Scher
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Roopesh Singh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole L Ward
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stacie Bell
- National Psoriasis Foundation, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Wilson Liao
- UCSF Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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18
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Shi X, Luo J, Weigel KJ, Hall SC, Du D, Wu F, Rudolph MC, Zhou H, Young CD, Wang XJ. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Facilitate Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lung Metastasis in Mice by Providing TGFβ-Mediated Cancer Stem Cell Niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668164. [PMID: 34527666 PMCID: PMC8435687 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been shown to enhance squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) growth, but it is unclear whether they promote SCC lung metastasis. We generated CAFs from K15.KrasG12D.Smad4-/- mouse SCCs. RNA expression analyses demonstrated that CAFs had enriched transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling compared to normal tissue-associated fibroblasts (NAFs), therefore we assessed how TGFβ-enriched CAFs impact SCC metastasis. We co-injected SCC cells with CAFs to the skin, tail vein, or the lung to mimic sequential steps of lung metastasis. CAFs increased SCC volume only in lung co-transplantations, characterized with increased proliferation and angiogenesis and decreased apoptosis compared to NAF co-transplanted SCCs. These CAF effects were attenuated by a clinically relevant TGFβ receptor inhibitor, suggesting that CAFs facilitated TGFβ-dependent SCC cell seeding and survival in the lung. CAFs also increased tumor volume when co-transplanted to the lung with limiting numbers of SCC cancer stem cells (CSCs). In vitro, CSC sphere formation and invasion were increased either with co-cultured CAFs or with CAF conditioned media (which contains the highest TGFβ1 concentration) and these CAF effects were blocked by TGFβ inhibition. Further, TGFβ activation was higher in primary human oral SCCs with lung metastasis than SCCs without lung metastasis. Similarly, TGFβ activation was detected in the lungs of mice with micrometastasis. Our data suggest that TGFβ-enriched CAFs play a causal role in CSC seeding and expansion in the lung during SCC metastasis, providing a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for SCC lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueke Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jingjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kelsey J. Weigel
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Spencer C. Hall
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Danfeng Du
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Fanglong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael C. Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Christian D. Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, United States
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19
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Wu W, Huang XR, You Y, Xue L, Wang XJ, Meng X, Lin X, Shen J, Yu X, Lan HY, Chen H. Latent TGF-β1 protects against diabetic kidney disease via Arkadia/Smad7 signaling. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3583-3594. [PMID: 34512167 PMCID: PMC8416717 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.61647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β1 has long been considered as a key mediator in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) but anti-TGF-β1 treatment fails clinically, suggesting a diverse role for TGF-β1 in DKD. In the present study, we examined a novel hypothesis that latent TGF-β1 may be protective in DKD mice overexpressing human latent TGF-β1. Streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetes was induced in latent TGF-β1 transgenic (Tg) and wild-type (WT) mice. Surprisingly, compared to WT diabetic mice, mice overexpressing latent TGF-β1 were protected from the development of DKD as demonstrated by lowing microalbuminuria and inhibiting renal fibrosis and inflammation, although blood glucose levels were not altered. Mechanistically, the renal protective effects of latent TGF-β1 on DKD were associated with inactivation of both TGF-β/Smad and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. These protective effects were associated with the prevention of renal Smad7 from the Arkadia-induced ubiquitin proteasomal degradation in the diabetic kidney, suggesting protection of renal Smad7 from Arkadia-mediated degradation may be a key mechanism through which latent TGF-β1 inhibits DKD. This was further confirmed in vitro in mesangial cells that knockdown of Arkadia failed but overexpression of Arkadia reversed the protective effects of latent TGF-β1 on high glucose-treated mesangial cells. Latent TGF-β1 may protect kidneys from TGF-β1/Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis and NF-κB-driven renal inflammation in diabetes through inhibiting Arkadia-mediated Smad7 ubiquitin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao R. Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongke You
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang Xue
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Xiaoming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haiyong Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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20
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Chiu YH, Wu YW, Hung JI, Chen MC. Epigallocatechin gallate/L-ascorbic acid-loaded poly-γ-glutamate microneedles with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Acta Biomater 2021; 130:223-233. [PMID: 34087444 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, inherent instability of EGCG greatly limits its bioavailability and clinical efficacy. In this study, we developed a poly-γ-glutamate (γ-PGA)-based microneedle (MN) formulation capable of maintaining EGCG's stability and efficiently delivering EGCG into the skin to ameliorate AD symptoms. The γ-PGA MN can not only protect EGCG from oxidation, but also serve as an immunomodulator to downregulate T helper type 2 (Th2)-type immune responses. Encapsulation of EGCG into the γ-PGA MN and utilization of L-ascorbic acid (AA) as a stabilizer preserved 95% of its structural stability and retained 93% of its initial antioxidant activity after 4 weeks of storage. Once-weekly administration of EGCG/AA-loaded MNs to an Nc/Nga mouse model of AD for 4 weeks significantly ameliorated skin lesions and epidermal hyperplasia by reducing serum IgE (from 12156 ± 1344 to 5555 ± 1362 ng/mL) and histamine levels (from 81 ± 18 to 40 ± 5 pg/mL) and inhibiting IFN-γ (from 0.10 ± 0.01 to 0.01 pg/mg total protein) and Th2-type cytokine production, when compared to the AD (no treatment) group (p < 0.05). Notably, once-weekly MN therapy was at least as effective as the daily topical application of an EGCG + AA solution but markedly reduced the administration frequency and required dose. These results show that EGCG/AA-loaded γ-PGA MNs may be a convenient and promising therapeutic option for AD treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)/L-ascorbic acid (AA)-loaded poly-γ-glutamate (γ-PGA) microneedles (MN) capable of providing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects on inflamed skin for ameliorating atopic dermatitis (AD) symptoms in Nc/Nga mice. After skin insertion, the γ-PGA MN can be quickly dissolved in the skin and remain in the dermis for sustained release of encapsulated active ingredients for 6 days. We demonstrated that once-weekly MN therapy effectively alleviated skin lesions and modulated immune response to relieve Th2-polarized allergic response in mice. Once-weekly MN dosing regimen may provide patients with a more convenient, therapeutically equivalent option to daily topical dosing, and may increase compliance and long-term persistence with AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiu Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-I Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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21
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Wang L, Wang HL, Liu TT, Lan HY. TGF-Beta as a Master Regulator of Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7881. [PMID: 34360646 PMCID: PMC8345981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine and has been recognized as a key mediator of DN. However, anti-TGF-β treatment for DN remains controversial due to the diverse role of TGF-β1 in DN. Thus, understanding the regulatory role and mechanisms of TGF-β in the pathogenesis of DN is the initial step towards the development of anti-TGF-β treatment for DN. In this review, we first discuss the diverse roles and signaling mechanisms of TGF-β in DN by focusing on the latent versus active TGF-β1, the TGF-β receptors, and the downstream individual Smad signaling molecules including Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7. Then, we dissect the regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β/Smad signaling in the development of DN by emphasizing Smad-dependent non-coding RNAs including microRNAs and long-non-coding RNAs. Finally, the potential therapeutic strategies for DN by targeting TGF-β signaling with various therapeutic approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.W.); (H.-L.W.); (T.-T.L.)
| | - Hong-Lian Wang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.W.); (H.-L.W.); (T.-T.L.)
| | - Tong-Tong Liu
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.W.); (H.-L.W.); (T.-T.L.)
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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22
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MicroRNA-378a-3p is overexpressed in psoriasis and modulates cell cycle arrest in keratinocytes via targeting BMP2 gene. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14186. [PMID: 34244572 PMCID: PMC8270917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disease driven by dysregulations at the cellular, genomic and genetic levels. MicroRNAs are key mediators of gene expression regulation. However, how microRNAs control the pathogenesis of psoriasis is still unclear. Here, we reported a significant up-regulation of miR-378a-3p (miR-378a) in skin biopsies from active psoriatic lesions while it was down-regulated after treatment with methotrexate or narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy. Using the keratinocyte in vitro model, we showed that miR-378a disturbed the cell cycle progression, causing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Transcriptomic analysis of keratinocytes with miR-378a overexpression and depletion revealed several important biological mechanisms related to inflammation and tight junction. Target mRNA transcript assessed by luciferase assay identified bone morphogenetic protein 2 as a novel target gene of miR-378a. These findings offer a mechanistic model where miR-378a contributes to the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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23
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TGFβ Signaling in Photoaging and UV-Induced Skin Cancer. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1104-1110. [PMID: 33358021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UVR is a major etiology for premature skin aging that leads to photoaging and UV-induced skin cancers. In the skin, TGFβ signaling is a growth inhibitor for keratinocytes and a profibrotic factor in the dermis. It exerts context-dependent effects on tumor progression. Chronic UV exposure likely causes TGFβ1/SMAD3 signaling activation and contributes to metalloproteinase-induced collagen degradation and photoinflammation in photoaging. UV irradiation also causes gene mutations in key elements of the TGFβ pathway, including TGFβRI, TGFβRII, SMAD2, and SMAD4. These mutations enable tumor cells to escape from TGFβ-induced growth inhibition and induce genomic instability and cancer stem cells, leading to the initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Furthermore, UV-induced mutations cause TGFβ overexpression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of cSCC, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and cutaneous melanoma, resulting in inflammation, angiogenesis, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune inhibition, supporting cancer survival, immune evasion, and metastasis. The pleiotropic effects of TGFβ provide possible treatment options for photoaging and skin cancer. Given the high UV-induced mutational burden and immune-repressive TME seen in cSCC, BCC, and cutaneous melanoma, treatment with the combination of a TGFβ signaling inhibitor and immune checkpoint blockade could reverse immune evasion to reduce tumor growth.
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24
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Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling in Fibrotic Diseases and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121666. [PMID: 33322749 PMCID: PMC7763058 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is essential in embryo development and maintaining normal homeostasis. Extensive evidence shows that TGF-β activation acts on several cell types, including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells, to form a pro-fibrotic environment, ultimately leading to fibrotic diseases. TGF-β is stored in the matrix in a latent form; once activated, it promotes a fibroblast to myofibroblast transition and regulates extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and remodeling in fibrosis. TGF-β signaling can also promote cancer progression through its effects on the tumor microenvironment. In cancer, TGF-β contributes to the generation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that have different molecular and cellular properties from activated or fibrotic fibroblasts. CAFs promote tumor progression and chronic tumor fibrosis via TGF-β signaling. Fibrosis and CAF-mediated cancer progression share several common traits and are closely related. In this review, we consider how TGF-β promotes fibrosis and CAF-mediated cancer progression. We also discuss recent evidence suggesting TGF-β inhibition as a defense against fibrotic disorders or CAF-mediated cancer progression to highlight the potential implications of TGF-β-targeted therapies for fibrosis and cancer.
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25
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Sindrilaru A, Filip A, Scharffetter‐Kochanek K, Crisan D. How can nanoparticle‐based technologies revolutionize the topical therapy in psoriasis? Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:1097-1103. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Sindrilaru
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases University of Ulm Ulm Germany
| | - Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | | | - Diana Crisan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases University of Ulm Ulm Germany
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26
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Wang X, Langer EM, Daniel CJ, Janghorban M, Wu V, Wang XJ, Sears RC. Altering MYC phosphorylation in the epidermis increases the stem cell population and contributes to the development, progression, and metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:79. [PMID: 32895364 PMCID: PMC7477541 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
cMYC (MYC) is a potent oncoprotein that is subject to post-translational modifications that affect its stability and activity. Here, we show that Serine 62 phosphorylation, which increases MYC stability and oncogenic activity, is elevated while Threonine 58 phosphorylation, which targets MYC for degradation, is decreased in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The oncogenic role of MYC in the development of SCC is unclear since studies have shown in normal skin that wild-type MYC overexpression can drive loss of stem cells and epidermal differentiation. To investigate whether and how altered MYC phosphorylation might affect SCC development, progression, and metastasis, we generated mice with inducible expression of MYCWT or MYCT58A in the basal layer of the skin epidermis. In the T58A mutant, MYC is stabilized with constitutive S62 phosphorylation. When challenged with DMBA/TPA-mediated carcinogenesis, MYCT58A mice had accelerated development of papillomas, increased conversion to malignant lesions, and increased metastasis as compared to MYCWT mice. In addition, MYCT58A-driven SCC displayed stem cell gene expression not observed with MYCWT, including increased expression of Lgr6, Sox2, and CD34. In support of MYCT58A enhancing stem cell phenotypes, its expression was associated with an increased number of BrdU long-term label-retaining cells, increased CD34 expression in hair follicles, and increased colony formation from neonatal keratinocytes. Together, these results indicate that altering MYC phosphorylation changes its oncogenic activity—instead of diminishing establishment and/or maintenance of epidermal stem cell populations like wild-type MYC, pS62-MYC enhances these populations and, under carcinogenic conditions, pS62-MYC expression results in aggressive tumor phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ellen M Langer
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Colin J Daniel
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mahnaz Janghorban
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Vivian Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. .,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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27
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Alvarez P, Augustín JJ, Tamayo E, Iglesias M, Acinas O, Mendiguren MA, Vázquez JA, Genre F, San Segundo D, Merino J, Merino R. Therapeutic Effects of Anti-Bone Morphogenetic Protein and Activin Membrane-Bound Inhibitor Treatment in Psoriasis and Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1547-1558. [PMID: 32249544 DOI: 10.1002/art.41272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) inhibitor BAMBI (bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) has been shown to control differentiation of CD4+ T lymphocytes into either tolerogenic Treg cells or pathogenic Th17 cells, through the regulation of TGFβ and interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling strength. The present study was undertaken to explore the potential beneficial effects of this strategy of pharmacologic inhibition using novel anti-BAMBI monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in different experimental murine models of chronic skin and joint inflammatory/autoimmune disease. METHODS Development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan-induced psoriatic arthritis (MIP) (n = 18-30 mice per group), imiquimod-induced skin psoriasis (n = 20-30 mice per group), or type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) (n = 13-16 mice per group) was analyzed in a total of 2-5 different experiments with either wild-type (WT) or BAMBI-deficient B10.RIII mice that were left untreated or treated with mAb B101.37 (mouse IgG1 anti-BAMBI), a mouse IgG1 anti-TNP isotype control, anti-CD25, or anti-TGFβ mAb. RESULTS Treatment of normal mice with IgG1 anti-BAMBI mAb clone B101.37 led to expansion of Treg cells in vivo, and had both preventive and therapeutic effects in mice with MIP (each P < 0.05 versus controls). The conferred protection against disease progression was found to be mediated by Treg cells, which controlled the activation and expansion of pathogenic IL-17-producing cells, and was dependent on the level of TGFβ activity. Furthermore, treatment with B101.37 mAb blocked both the development of skin psoriasis induced by imiquimod and the development of CIA in mice (each P < 0.05 versus controls). Finally, pharmacologic inhibition of BAMBI with the IgM anti-BAMBI mAb B143.14 also potentiated the suppressive activity of Treg cells in vitro (P < 0.001 versus controls). CONCLUSION These results in murine models identify BAMBI as a promising new therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory diseases and other pathologic conditions modulated by Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Alvarez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Esther Tamayo
- IDIVAL and Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Olga Acinas
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Jesús Merino
- IDIVAL and Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ramón Merino
- IDIVAL and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN, Santander, Spain
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28
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Guerrero-Aspizua S, Carretero M, Conti CJ, Del Río M. The importance of immunity in the development of reliable animal models for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:626-638. [PMID: 32479655 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis (PS) and atopic dermatitis (AD) are common inflammatory skin diseases characterized by an imbalance in specific T-cell subsets, resulting in a specific cytokine profile in patients. Obtaining models closely resembling both pathologies along with a relevant clinical impact is crucial for the development of new therapies because of the high prevalence of these diseases. Single-gene mouse models developed until now do not fully reflect the complexity of these disorders, in part not only because of inherent differences between mice and humans but also because of the multifactorial nature of these pathologies. The skin-humanized mouse model developed by our group, based on a tissue engineering approach, has been used to test therapeutic strategies, although this methodology is still technically challenging and not widely available. The skin-humanized mouse models for PS and AD reproduce human skin phenotypes, providing valuable tools for drug development and testing in the preclinical setting. The tissue engineering approach allows the development of personalized medicine, covering the broad genotypic spectrum of these pathologies. This review highlights the main differences between available murine models focusing on the tissue-specific immunity of PS and AD. We discuss their contribution to unravel the complex pathophysiology of these diseases and to translate this knowledge into more accurate therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Guerrero-Aspizua
- Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, 28911, Spain.,Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz e Instituto de Investigación FJD, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Epithelial Biomedicine Division, CIEMAT, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, U714, Spain
| | - Marta Carretero
- Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz e Instituto de Investigación FJD, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Epithelial Biomedicine Division, CIEMAT, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, U714, Spain
| | - Claudio J Conti
- Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, 28911, Spain.,Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz e Instituto de Investigación FJD, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Marcela Del Río
- Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, 28911, Spain.,Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz e Instituto de Investigación FJD, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Epithelial Biomedicine Division, CIEMAT, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, U714, Spain
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29
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Schön MP, Manzke V, Erpenbeck L. Animal models of psoriasis-highlights and drawbacks. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:439-455. [PMID: 32560971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research into the pathophysiology of psoriasis remains challenging, because this disease does not occur naturally in laboratory animals. However, specific aspects of its complex immune-pathology can be illuminated through transgenic, knockout, xenotransplantation, immunological reconstitution, drug-induced, or spontaneous mutation models in rodents. Although some of these approaches have already been pursued for more than 5 decades and even more models have been described in recent times, they have surprisingly not yet been systematically validated. As a consequence, researchers regularly examine specific aspects that only partially reflect the complex overall picture of the human disease. Nonetheless, animal models are of great utility to investigate inflammatory mediators, the communication between cells of the innate and the adaptive immune systems, the role of resident cells as well as new therapies. Of note, various manipulations in experimental animals resulted in rather similar phenotypes. These were called "psoriasiform", "psoriasis-like" or even "psoriasis" usually on the basis of some similarities with the human disorder. Xenotransplantation of human skin onto immunocompromised animals can overcome this limitation only in part. In this review, we elucidate approaches for the generation of animal models of psoriasis and assess their strengths and limitations with a certain focus on more recently developed models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Veit Manzke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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30
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Li Z, Zhu MX, Hu B, Liu W, Wu J, Wen C, Jian S, Yang G. Effects of suppressing Smads expression on wound healing in Hyriopsis cumingii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:455-464. [PMID: 31870970 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a specific pearl mussel in China, Hyriopsis cumingii has enormous economic value. However, the organism damage caused by pearl insertion is immeasurable. TGF-β/Smad signal transduction pathways are involved in all phases of wound healing. We have previously reported on two cytoplasmic signal transduction factors, Smad3 and Smad5 in mussel H. cumingii (named HcSmads), suggesting their involvements in wound healing. Here, Smad4 was cloned and described. The full length cDNA of HcSmad4 was 2543 bp encoded 515 amino acids. Deduced HcSmad4 protein possessed conserved MH1 and MH2 domains, nuclear location signals (NLS), nuclear exput signals (NES) and Smad activation domain (SAD). Transcripts of Smad3, 4 and 5 were constitutively expressed in all detected tissues, at highest levels in muscles. Furthermore, HcSmad4 mRNA levels were significantly increased at incision site post wounding, and expression of downstream target genes of Smad4, such as HcMMP1, HcMMP19, HcTIMP1 and HcTIMP2 were upregulated to a certain extent. Whatever knocked down HcSmad3/4 or treated by specific inhibitors of Smad 3 (SIS3), expression levels of these genes displayed a significantly downregulated tendency compared with the wound group. In addition, histological evaluation suggested that Smad3 knockdown or SIS3 treatment was accelerated wound healing, and then Smad4 knockdown delayed the process of wound healing in mussels. These data implicate that Smad3/4 play an important role in tissue repair in mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfang Li
- Department of Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Ming Xing Zhu
- Department of Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Baoqing Hu
- Department of Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Wenxiu Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jielian Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Chungen Wen
- Department of Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Shaoqing Jian
- Department of Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
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31
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Role of TGF-β in Skin Chronic Wounds: A Keratinocyte Perspective. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020306. [PMID: 32012802 PMCID: PMC7072438 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds are characterized for their incapacity to heal within an expected time frame. Potential mechanisms driving this impairment are poorly understood and current hypotheses point to the development of an unbalanced milieu of growth factor and cytokines. Among them, TGF-β is considered to promote the broadest spectrum of effects. Although it is known to contribute to healthy skin homeostasis, the highly context-dependent nature of TGF-β signaling restricts the understanding of its roles in healing and wound chronification. Historically, low TGF-β levels have been suggested as a pattern in chronic wounds. However, a revision of the available evidence in humans indicates that this could constitute a questionable argument. Thus, in chronic wounds, divergences regarding skin tissue compartments seem to be characterized by elevated TGF-β levels only in the epidermis. Understanding how this aspect affects keratinocyte activities and their capacity to re-epithelialize might offer an opportunity to gain comprehensive knowledge of the involvement of TGF-β in chronic wounds. In this review, we compile existing evidence on the roles played by TGF-β during skin wound healing, with special emphasis on keratinocyte responses. Current limitations and future perspectives of TGF-β research in chronic wounds are discussed.
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32
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Murine models of psoriasis and its applications in drug development. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019; 101:106657. [PMID: 31751654 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.106657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease which characteristic of a well-demarcated, erythematous, raised lesion with silvery-white dry scale. Although the mechanism of psoriasis has not been fully understood so far, much progress has been made in understanding many of its complex potential mechanism, particularly the crucial role of the IL-23/Th17 axis. There are a large number of psoriasis models that reflect the complexity of the psoriasis mechanisms. In this review, we summarize various psoriasis mouse models, detail the features and molecular mechanisms of these mouse models, and discuss their strengths and limitations for psoriasis research. The development of mouse models of psoriasis provide an important basis for studying psoriasis pathogenesis and antipsoriatic drugs development. Therefore, the application of various psoriasis mouse models in antipsoriatic drug development are also discussed.
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33
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Kuffler DP. Injury-Induced Effectors of Neuropathic Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:51-66. [PMID: 31701439 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Injuries typically result in the development of neuropathic pain, which decreases in parallel with wound healing. However, the pain may remain after the injury appears to have healed, which is generally associated with an ongoing underlying pro-inflammatory state. Injury induces many cells to release factors that contribute to the development of a pro-inflammatory state, which is considered an essential first step towards wound healing. However, pain elimination requires a transition of the injury site from pro- to anti-inflammatory. Therefore, developing techniques that eliminate chronic pain require an understanding of the cells resident at and recruited to injury sites, the factors they release, that promote a pro-inflammatory state, and promote the subsequent transition of that site to be anti-inflammatory. Although a relatively large number of cells, factors, and gene expression changes are involved in these processes, it may be possible to control a relatively small number of them leading to the reduction and elimination of chronic neuropathic pain. This first of two papers examines the roles of the most salient cells and mediators associated with the development and maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain. The following paper examines the cells and mediators involved in reducing and eliminating chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien P Kuffler
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, 201 Blvd. del Valle, San Juan, PR, 00901, USA.
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Zhang H, Carnevale G, Polese B, Simard M, Thurairajah B, Khan N, Gentile ME, Fontes G, Vinh DC, Pouliot R, King IL. CD109 Restrains Activation of Cutaneous IL-17-Producing γδ T Cells by Commensal Microbiota. Cell Rep 2019; 29:391-405.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Sevilla LM, Pérez P. Glucocorticoids and Glucocorticoid-Induced-Leucine-Zipper (GILZ) in Psoriasis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2220. [PMID: 31572404 PMCID: PMC6753639 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory human disease initiated by impaired function of immune cells and epidermal keratinocytes, resulting in increased cytokine production and hyperproliferation, leading to skin lesions. Overproduction of Th1- and Th17-cytokines including interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-23, IL-17, and IL-22, is a major driver of the disease. Glucocorticoids (GCs) represent the mainstay protocol for treating psoriasis as they modulate epidermal differentiation and are potent anti-inflammatory compounds. The development of safer GC-based therapies is a high priority due to potentially severe adverse effects associated with prolonged GC use. Specific efforts have focused on downstream anti-inflammatory effectors of GC-signaling such as GC-Induced-Leucine-Zipper (GILZ), which suppresses Th17 responses and antagonizes multiple pro-inflammatory signaling pathways involved in psoriasis, including AP-1, NF-κB, STAT3, and ROR-γt. Here we review evidence regarding defective GC signaling, GC receptor (GR) function, and GILZ in psoriasis. We discuss seemingly contradicting data on the loss- and gain-of-function of GILZ in the imiquimod-induced mouse model of psoriasis. We also present potential therapeutic strategies aimed to restore GC-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Sevilla
- Animal Models of Skin Pathologies Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Pérez
- Animal Models of Skin Pathologies Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
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Flores RR, Carbo L, Kim E, Van Meter M, De Padilla CML, Zhao J, Colangelo D, Yousefzadeh MJ, Angelini LA, Zhang L, Pola E, Vo N, Evans CH, Gambotto A, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD. Adenoviral gene transfer of a single-chain IL-23 induces psoriatic arthritis-like symptoms in NOD mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:9505-9515. [PMID: 31170010 PMCID: PMC6662986 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900420r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that intratumoral delivery of adenoviral vector encoding single-chain (sc)IL-23 (Ad.scIL-23) was able to induce systemic antitumor immunity. Here, we examined the role of IL-23 in diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Intravenous delivery of Ad.scIL-23 did not accelerate the onset of hyperglycemia but instead resulted in the development of psoriatic arthritis. Ad.scIL-23-treated mice developed erythema, scales, and thickening of the skin, as well as intervertebral disc degeneration and extensive synovial hypertrophy and loss of articular cartilage in the knees. Immunological analysis revealed activation of conventional T helper type 17 cells and IL-17-producing γδ T cells along with a significant depletion and suppression of T cells in the pancreatic lymph nodes. Furthermore, treatment with anti-IL-17 antibody reduced joint and skin psoriatic arthritis pathologies. Thus, these Ad.scIL-23-treated mice represent a physiologically relevant model of psoriatic arthritis for understanding disease progression and for testing therapeutic approaches.-Flores, R. R., Carbo, L., Kim, E., Van Meter, M., De Padilla, C. M. L., Zhao, J., Colangelo, D., Yousefzadeh, M. J., Angelini, L. A., Zhang, L., Pola, E., Vo, N., Evans, C. H., Gambotto, A., Niedernhofer, L. J., Robbins, P. D. Adenoviral gene transfer of a single-chain IL-23 induces psoriatic arthritis-like symptoms in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R. Flores
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
- Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Lana Carbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
- Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Eun Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Montina Van Meter
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
- Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | | | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
- Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Debora Colangelo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catholic University of Rome School of Medicine, Agostino Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Matthew J. Yousefzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
- Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Luise A. Angelini
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
- Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Enrico Pola
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catholic University of Rome School of Medicine, Agostino Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nam Vo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Andrea Gambotto
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
- Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Paul D. Robbins
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
- Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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Rodríguez-Jiménez P, Chicharro P, Llamas-Velasco M, Cibrian D, Trigo-Torres L, Vara A, Jiménez-Fernández M, Sevilla-Montero J, Calzada MJ, Sánchez-Madrid F, de la Fuente H, Daudén E. Thrombospondin-1/CD47 Interaction Regulates Th17 and Treg Differentiation in Psoriasis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1268. [PMID: 31214201 PMCID: PMC6558197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence on the role of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in the immune response has emerged during the last years. In spite of the importance of TSP-1 not only as anti-angiogenic factor but also as an immunomodulatory molecule, studies on the role of TSP-1 in psoriasis have been neglected. TSP-1 and CD47 expression were analyzed in skin samples from psoriasis patients and control subjects using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Expression of these molecules was also evaluated in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells, moDCs, and circulating primary DCs. The functional role of TSP-1/CD47 signaling axis in psoriasis was assessed in Th17 and Treg differentiation assays. Additionally, small interfering RNA assays specific to TSP-1 were performed in CD4+ T cells and monocyte derived DC to specifically evaluate the function of this protein. Lesional skin of psoriasis patients expressed lower TSP-1 and CD47 mRNA levels compared to non-lesional skin or skin from controls. Immunofluorescence staining revealed decreased expression of CD47 in CD45+ dermal cells from psoriasis samples compared to control subjects. Peripheral CD4+ T cells and circulating primary DCs from psoriasis also expressed lower levels of CD47 compared to controls. Although no significant differences were detected in TSP-1 expression in CD4+ T cells and moDCs between patients and controls, TSP-1 expression in psoriasis patients inversely correlated with disease activity evaluated by the Psoriasis Area and Index Activity. Furthermore, exogenous TSP-1 inhibited Th17 differentiation and stimulated the differentiation of CD4+ T cells toward Treg cells. Furthermore, RNA interference specific for TSP-1 confirmed the role of this molecule as a negative regulator of T cell activation. Because of the impact of TSP-1/CD47 signaling axis in Th17 and Treg differentiation, a dysregulated expression of these molecules in the immune cells from psoriasis patients may favor the exacerbated inflammatory response in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Chicharro
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Llamas-Velasco
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Danay Cibrian
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Trigo-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Vara
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jiménez-Fernández
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sevilla-Montero
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J Calzada
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Institututo de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hortensia de la Fuente
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Institututo de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteban Daudén
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Hernandez AL, Young CD, Wang JH, Wang XJ. Lessons learned from SMAD4 loss in squamous cell carcinomas. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1648-1655. [PMID: 31140647 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SMAD4 is a potent tumor suppressor and a central mediator of the TGFß signaling pathway. SMAD4 genetic loss is frequent in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Reports of SMAD4 expression in SCCs vary significantly possibly due to inter-tumor heterogeneity or technical reasons. SMAD4 loss is an initiation event for SCCs. In tumor epithelial cells, SMAD4 loss causes increased proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and "Brca-like" genomic instability associated with DNA repair defects. SMAD4 loss also plays a role in the expansion of cancer stem cells. Epithelial SMAD4 loss causes overexpression of TGFß that is released into the tumor microenvironment and contributes to SCC progression through proinflammatory and immune evasive mechanisms. SMAD4 loss, while not a direct therapeutic target, is associated with multiple targetable pathways that require further therapeutic studies. Altogether, SMAD4 loss is a potential biomarker in SCCs that should be further studied for its values in prognostic and therapeutic predictions. Such information will potentially guide future biomarker-driven clinical trial designs and improve SCC patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel L Hernandez
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christian D Young
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jing H Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.,Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado
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Yang Y, Zenke Y, Hirai T, Kaplan DH. Keratinocyte-derived TGFβ is not required to maintain skin immune homeostasis. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 94:290-297. [PMID: 31118160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ) is known to be a regulator of autoimmunity. Loss of TGFβ leads to severe multi-organ autoimmunity in mice. In skin, role of TGFβ in suppressing autoimmunity is unclear. OBJECTIVE Determine whether Keratinocyte (KC)-derived TGFβ is required for skin immune homeostasis. METHODS We generated K14-CreERT2TGFβ1fl/fl (TGFβΔKC) mice allowing for tamoxifen-induced deletion of TGFβ1 in KC. The phenotype of skin was analyzed and compared to mice in which epidermal activation of TGFβ is impaired. RESULTS KC was the major source of TGFβ in epidermis. Topical tamoxifen application led to efficient TGFβ1 deletion. The expected acanthosis was observed but no inflammatory infiltrate or altered numbers of resident immune cells were evident. Similarly, Itgb6-/-x K14Cre Itgb8f/f (Itgb6-/-Itgb8ΔKC) mice lacking both epidermal TGFβ-activating integrins showed no evidence of cutaneous inflammation. CONCLUSIONS KC-derived TGFβ and epidermal TGFβ activation are not required to suppress skin autoimmunity in steady state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States; Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China
| | - Yukari Zenke
- Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States; Department of Dermatology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Hirai
- Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States.
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States.
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Smad7 Ameliorates TGF-β-Mediated Skin Inflammation and Associated Wound Healing Defects but Not Susceptibility to Experimental Skin Carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:940-950. [PMID: 30423327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the roles of Smad7 in skin inflammation and wound healing using genetic and pharmacological approaches. In K5.TGFβ1/K5.Smad7 bigenic (double transgenic) mice, Smad7 transgene expression reversed transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 transgene-induced inflammation, fibrosis, and subsequent epidermal hyperplasia and molecularly abolished TGF-β and NF-κB activation. Next, we produced recombinant human Smad7 protein with a Tat-tag (Tat-Smad7) that rapidly enters cells. Subcutaneous injection of Tat-Smad7 attenuated infiltration of F4/80+ and CD11b+ leukocytes and α-smooth muscle actin+ fibroblasts before attenuating epidermal hyperplasia in K5.TGFβ1 skin. Furthermore, topically applied Tat-Smad7 on K5.TGFβ1 skin wounds accelerated wound closure, with improved re-epithelialization and reductions in inflammation and fibrotic response. A short treatment with Tat-Smad7 was also sufficient to reduce TGF-β and NF-κB signaling in K5.TGFβ1 skin and wounds. Relevant to the clinic, we found that human diabetic wounds had elevated TGF-β and NF-κB signaling compared with normal skin. To assess the oncogenic risk of a potential Smad7-based therapy, we exposed K5.Smad7 skin to chemical carcinogenesis and found reduced myeloid leukocyte infiltration in tumors but not accelerated carcinogenesis compared with wild-type littermates. Our study suggests the feasibility of using exogenous Smad7 below an oncogenic level to alleviate skin inflammation and wound healing defects associated with excessive activation of TGF-β and NF-κB.
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Chuang SY, Lin CH, Sung CT, Fang JY. Murine models of psoriasis and their usefulness for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:551-562. [PMID: 29663834 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1463214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease characterized by red plaques with silver or white multilayered scales with a thickened acanthotic epidermis. Using mouse models of cutaneous inflammation, IL-23/Th17 was identified to have a potential key role in psoriasis. New treatments to slow this inflammatory skin disorder are urgently needed. To aid their discovery, a psoriasis animal model mimicking human psoriasis is urgently needed for their early preclinical evaluation. Areas covered: The authors review animal models of psoriasis and analyze the features and molecular mechanisms involved in these mouse models. The application of various mouse models of psoriasis for drug discovery and development has also been reviewed and the possible molecular targets in psoriasis for future anti-psoriatic drug design is discussed. Expert opinion: So far, it has been difficult to create an animal model that exactly simulates a human disease or condition. The xenotransplantation model is regarded as the closest to incorporating the complete genetic, phenotypic, and immunopathogenic processes of psoriasis. However, the imiquimod (IMQ)-induced model is the most prevalent among psoriatic mouse models due to its ease of use, convenience, and low cost. Further efforts to develop psoriasis-like skin models in mice are needed for the study and treatment of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yi Chuang
- a Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine , Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lin
- b Center for General Education , Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Calvin T Sung
- c School of Medicine , University of California , Riverside , USA
| | - Jia-You Fang
- a Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine , Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,d Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,e Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,f Department of Anesthesiology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan
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Masalha M, Sidi Y, Avni D. The contribution of feedback loops between miRNAs, cytokines and growth factors to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:603-610. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moamen Masalha
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology; Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine C; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
- Faculty of Medicine; Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Yechezkel Sidi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology; Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine C; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
- Faculty of Medicine; Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Dror Avni
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology; Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine C; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
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43
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Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Czerwińska J, Placek W. The role of regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines in psoriasis. ACTA DERMATOVENEROLOGICA ALPINA PANNONICA ET ADRIATICA 2018. [DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2018.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Strobl H, Krump C, Borek I. Micro-environmental signals directing human epidermal Langerhans cell differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 86:36-43. [PMID: 29448069 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human Langerhans cells (LC) can be generated ex vivo from hematopoietic precursor cells in response to cytokines and cell-membrane associated ligands. These in vitro differentiation models provided mechanistic insights into the molecular and cellular pathways underlying the development of this unique, epithelia-associated dendritic cell subset. Notably, the human epidermal microenvironment is fully sufficient to induce LC differentiation from hematopoietic progenitors. Hence, dissecting the molecular characteristics of the human epithelial/epidermal LC niche, and testing defined ligands for their capacity to induce LC differentiation, led to a refined molecular model of LC lineage commitment. During epidermal ontogeny, spatially and temporally regulated availability of TGF-β family members cooperate with other keratinocyte-derived signals, such as E-cadherin and Notch ligands, for instructing LC differentiation. In this review, we discuss the signals known to instruct human hematopoietic progenitor cells and myelomonocytic cells to undergo LC lineage commitment. Additionally, the current methods for generation of large numbers of human LC-like cells ex vivo in defined serum-free media are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Strobl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Corinna Krump
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Izabela Borek
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Wu F, Weigel KJ, Zhou H, Wang XJ. Paradoxical roles of TGF-β signaling in suppressing and promoting squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:98-105. [PMID: 29206939 PMCID: PMC5846704 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling either promotes or inhibits tumor formation and/or progression of many cancer types including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Canonical TGF-β signaling is mediated by a number of downstream proteins including Smad family proteins. Alterations in either TGF-β or Smad signaling can impact cancer. For instance, defects in TGF-β type I and type II receptors (TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII) and in Smad2/3/4 could promote tumor development. Conversely, increased TGF-β1 and activated TGF-βRI and Smad3 have all been shown to have tumor-promoting effects in experimental systems of human and mouse SCCs. Among TGF-β/Smad signaling, only TGF-βRII or Smad4 deletion in mouse epithelium causes spontaneous SCC in the mouse model, highlighting the critical roles of TGF-βRII and Smad4 in tumor suppression. Herein, we review the dual roles of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and related mechanisms in SCC, highlighting the potential benefits and challenges of TGF-β/Smad-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kelsey J Weigel
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Models in the Research Process of Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122514. [PMID: 29186769 PMCID: PMC5751117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an ancient, universal chronic skin disease with a significant geographical variability, with the lowest incidence rate at the equator, increasing towards the poles. Insights into the mechanisms responsible for psoriasis have generated an increasing number of druggable targets and molecular drugs. The development of relevant in vitro and in vivo models of psoriasis is now a priority and an important step towards its cure. In this review, we summarize the current cellular and animal systems suited to the study of psoriasis. We discuss the strengths and limitations of the various models and the lessons learned. We conclude that, so far, there is no one model that can meet all of the research needs. Therefore, the choice model system will depend on the questions being addressed.
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Di Fusco D, Laudisi F, Dinallo V, Monteleone I, Di Grazia A, Marafini I, Troncone E, Colantoni A, Ortenzi A, Stolfi C, Picardo M, Monteleone G. Smad7 positively regulates keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1633-1643. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Di Fusco
- Department of Systems Medicine; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; Via Montpellier 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - F. Laudisi
- Department of Systems Medicine; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; Via Montpellier 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - V. Dinallo
- Department of Systems Medicine; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; Via Montpellier 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - I. Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; Via Montpellier 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - A. Di Grazia
- Department of Systems Medicine; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; Via Montpellier 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - I. Marafini
- Department of Systems Medicine; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; Via Montpellier 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - E. Troncone
- Department of Systems Medicine; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; Via Montpellier 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - A. Colantoni
- Department of Systems Medicine; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; Via Montpellier 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - A. Ortenzi
- Department of Systems Medicine; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; Via Montpellier 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - C. Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; Via Montpellier 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - M. Picardo
- Cutaneous Physiopathology Laboratory and Metabolomic Center; San Gallicano Dermatological Institute; Rome Italy
| | - G. Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine; University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’; Via Montpellier 1 00133 Rome Italy
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Zhang LJ, Sen GL, Ward NL, Johnston A, Chun K, Chen Y, Adase C, Sanford JA, Gao N, Chensee M, Sato E, Fritz Y, Baliwag J, Williams MR, Hata T, Gallo RL. Antimicrobial Peptide LL37 and MAVS Signaling Drive Interferon-β Production by Epidermal Keratinocytes during Skin Injury. Immunity 2017; 45:119-30. [PMID: 27438769 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 interferons (IFNs) promote inflammation in the skin but the mechanisms responsible for inducing these cytokines are not well understood. We found that IFN-β was abundantly produced by epidermal keratinocytes (KCs) in psoriasis and during wound repair. KC IFN-β production depended on stimulation of mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) by the antimicrobial peptide LL37 and double stranded-RNA released from necrotic cells. MAVS activated downstream TBK1 (TANK-Binding Kinase 1)-AKT (AKT serine/threonine kinase 1)-IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor 3) signaling cascade leading to IFN-β production and then promoted maturation of dendritic cells. In mice, the production of epidermal IFN-β by LL37 required MAVS, and human wounded and/or psoriatic skin showed activation of MAVS-associated IRF3 and induction of MAVS and IFN-β gene signatures. These findings show that KCs are an important source of IFN-β and MAVS is critical to this function, and demonstrates how the epidermis triggers unwanted skin inflammation under disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Juan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - George L Sen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicole L Ward
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andrew Johnston
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kimberly Chun
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yifang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher Adase
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - James A Sanford
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nina Gao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Melanie Chensee
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Emi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yi Fritz
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jaymie Baliwag
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael R Williams
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tissa Hata
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Kabashima K, Nomura T. Revisiting murine models for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis with multipolar cytokine axes. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 48:99-107. [PMID: 28915378 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are one of the common skin diseases. Animal models are a powerful tool to analyze these diseases, which are complicated by multiple cytokine pathways. However, many discrepancies between the human diseases and murine models have been noticed. Therefore, investigators should be aware of the differences between the murine AD models and human AD when translating murine data to human skin diseases. This review highlights the differences between the inflammatory profiles between murine models and human diseases focusing on AD and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore.
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Effects of Angelica dahurica and Rheum officinale Extracts on Excisional Wound Healing in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:1583031. [PMID: 28900458 PMCID: PMC5576423 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1583031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of wound treatments is to restore the functional skin properties and prevent infection. Traditional Chinese medicine provides alternative anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing therapies. Both Angelica dahurica extract (AE) and Rheum officinale extract (RE) possess antimicrobial activity. In this study, AE and RE were applied in wound treatment to investigate their healing effects. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats with dorsal full-thickness skin excision were divided into normal saline (NS), AE, RE, AE plus RE (ARE), and Biomycin (BM) groups. The treatment and area measurement of wounds were applied daily for 21 days. Wound biopsies and blood samples were obtained for histology examinations and cytokine analysis. Results showed that wound contraction in ARE group was significantly higher than that in NS and BM groups (P < 0.05). Histological analysis showed that more inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen fibers, and myofibroblasts were observed in ARE treated group than those in NS group on days 3–5. In ARE group, plasma IL-6 levels were elevated during days 3–5 (P > 0.05), and plasma TGF-β1 levels were significantly lower than those in the NS group on days 3-4 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, ARE accelerates wound healing during inflammation and proliferation phases.
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