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Wimalarathne MM, Wilkerson-Vidal QC, Hunt EC, Love-Rutledge ST. The case for FAT10 as a novel target in fatty liver diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:972320. [PMID: 36386217 PMCID: PMC9665838 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.972320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen F locus adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) is a ubiquitin-like protein that targets proteins for degradation. TNFα and IFNγ upregulate FAT10, which increases susceptibility to inflammation-driven diseases like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is well established that inflammation contributes to fatty liver disease, but how inflammation contributes to upregulation and what genes are involved is still poorly understood. New evidence shows that FAT10 plays a role in mitophagy, autophagy, insulin signaling, insulin resistance, and inflammation which may be directly associated with fatty liver disease development. This review will summarize the current literature regarding FAT10 role in developing liver diseases and potential therapeutic targets for nonalcoholic/alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Chou CL, Chen TJ, Li WS, Lee SW, Yang CC, Tian YF, Lin CY, He HL, Wu HC, Shiue YL, Li CF, Kuo YH. Upregulated Ubiquitin D is a Favorable Prognostic Indicator for Rectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Preoperative Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1171-1181. [PMID: 36238133 PMCID: PMC9553428 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s378666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose For locally advanced rectal cancer, neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) allows tumor downstaging and makes curative radical proctectomy possible. However, we lack a genetic biomarker to predict cancer prognosis or treatment response. We investigated the association between ubiquitin D (UBD) expression and clinical outcomes in rectal cancer patients receiving CCRT. Patients and Methods We analyzed the genes associated with the protein modification process (GO:0036211) and identified the UBD gene as the most relevant among the top 7 differentially expressed genes associated with CCRT resistance. We collected tissue specimens from 172 rectal cancer patients who had received CCRT followed by a curative proctectomy. We examine the relationship between UBD expression and patient characteristics, pathological findings, and patient survival, such as metastasis-free survival (MeFS) and disease-specific survival. Results Upregulated UBD expression was associated with lower pre-CCRT tumor T stage (P = 0.009), lower post-CCRT tumor T stage (P < 0.001), lower post-CCRT nodal stage (P < 0.001), less vascular invasion (P = 0.015), and better tumor regression (P < 0.001). Using univariate analysis, we found that high UBD expression was correlated with better disease-free survival (DFS) (P < 0.0001), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) (P < 0.0001) and MeFS (P < 0.0001). Moreover, multivariate analysis demonstrated that high UBD expression was associated with superior DFS (P < 0.001), LRFS (P = 0.01), and MeFS (P = 0.004). Conclusion UBD upregulation was linked to better clinical prognosis, favorable pathological features, and good treatment response in rectal cancer patients undergoing CCRT. These results suggest UBD is a biomarker for rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Chou
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 717, Taiwan,Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ju Chen
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 717, Taiwan,Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan,Department of Clinical Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Shan Li
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 717, Taiwan,Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Wei Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, 736, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chieh Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan,College of Pharmacy and Science, Chia Nan University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Tian
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin He
- Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital & E-DA Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chang Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Science, Chia Nan University, Tainan, Taiwan,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan,Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan,Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan,College of Pharmacy and Science, Chia Nan University, Tainan, Taiwan,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan,Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan,Correspondence: Yu-Hsuan Kuo; Chien-Feng Li, No. 901, Zhonghua Road Yongkang Dist, Tainan City, Taiwan, Tel +886-6-2812811, Fax +886-6-2510218; Fax +886-6-2510218, Email ;
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Arshad M, Abdul Hamid N, Chan MC, Ismail F, Tan GC, Pezzella F, Tan KL. NUB1 and FAT10 Proteins as Potential Novel Biomarkers in Cancer: A Translational Perspective. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092176. [PMID: 34571823 PMCID: PMC8468723 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer increases the global disease burden substantially, but it remains a challenge to manage it. The search for novel biomarkers is essential for risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of treatment response, and cancer monitoring. This paper examined NEDD8 ultimate buster-1 (NUB1) and F-adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) proteins as novel biomarkers in cancer. This literature review is based on the search of the electronic database, PubMed. NUB1 is an interferon-inducible protein that mediates apoptotic and anti-proliferative actions in cancer, while FAT10 is a ubiquitin-like modifier that promotes cancer. The upregulated expression of both NUB1 and FAT10 has been observed in various cancers. NUB1 protein binds to FAT10 non-covalently to promote FAT10 degradation. An overexpressed FAT10 stimulates nuclear factor-kappa β, activates the inflammatory pathways, and induces the proliferation of cancer. The FAT10 protein interacts with the mitotic arrest deficient 2 protein, causing chromosomal instability and breast tumourigenesis. FAT10 binds to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein and inhibits the DNA damage repair response. In addition, FAT10 involves epithelial–mesenchymal transition, invasion, apoptosis, and multiplication in hepatocellular carcinoma. Our knowledge about them is still limited. There is a need to further develop NUB1 and FAT10 as novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arshad
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Persiaran Ilmu, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Malaysia; (M.A.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Nazefah Abdul Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Persiaran Ilmu, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Malaysia; (M.A.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Mun Chiang Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Fuad Ismail
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Geok Chin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Francesco Pezzella
- Tumour Pathology Laboratory, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
| | - Ka-Liong Tan
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Persiaran Ilmu, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Malaysia; (M.A.); (N.A.H.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +60-6798-2309; Fax: +60-6758-0404
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Su H, Qin M, Liu Q, Jin B, Shi X, Xiang Z. Ubiquitin-Like Protein UBD Promotes Cell Proliferation in Colorectal Cancer by Facilitating p53 Degradation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:691347. [PMID: 34350116 PMCID: PMC8327751 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.691347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ubiquitin D (UBD) is a member of the ubiquitin-like modifier (UBL) family and is highly expressed in a variety of cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanisms of its regulatory roles in CRC are largely elusive. In this study, we revealed the effect of UBD on the proliferation of CRC. Methods The expression of UBD in clinical tissue samples of CRC and seven CRC cell lines was detected using qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting. CCK-8, colony formation, EdU and flow cytometry assays were used to detect the functional changes of CRC cells transfected with UBD stable expression plasmids in vitro. A xenograft model was constructed to assess the effect of UBD on the growth of CRC cells in vivo. The connection between UBD and p53 was analyzed using Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, proteasome inhibition assay and Cycloheximide (CHX) chase assay. Results UBD was overexpressed in CRC tumor tissues compared with nontumor tissues, and its overexpression was positively associated with the tumor size and TNM stage of CRC patients. Functionally, UBD significantly accelerated CRC cell viability and proliferation in vitro and promoted tumorigenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, UBD interacted with p53 in CRC cells, downregulated the expression of p53 by regulating its degradation, shortened the p53 half-life, thereby further affecting the decrease in p21 and the increase in Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6. Moreover, in vivo experiments showed that UBD-induced tumor growth in nude mice was dependent on a decrease in p53. Conclusions Our study proved that UBD mediates the degradation of p53, thereby facilitating the growth of CRC cells and ultimately promoting the progression of CRC. Therefore, UBD may be a potential therapeutic target and a promising prognostic biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengdi Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianjun Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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The FAT10 post-translational modification is involved in the lytic replication of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02194-20. [PMID: 33627385 PMCID: PMC8139669 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02194-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) lytic replication, host cell functions including protein expression and post-translational modification pathways are dysregulated by KSHV to promote virus production. Here, we attempted to identify key proteins for KSHV lytic replication by profiling protein expression in the latent and lytic phases using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Proteomic analysis, immunoblotting, and quantitative PCR demonstrated that antigen-F (HLA-F) adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) and UBE1L2 (also known as ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 6, UBA6) were upregulated during lytic replication. FAT10 is a ubiquitin-like protein (UBL). UBE1L2 is the FAT10-activating enzyme (E1), which is essential for FAT10 modification (FAT10ylation). FAT10ylated proteins were immediately expressed after lytic induction and increased over time during lytic replication. Knockout of UBE1L2 suppressed KSHV production but not KSHV DNA synthesis. In order to isolate FAT10ylated proteins during KSHV lytic replication, we conducted immunoprecipitations using anti-FAT10 antibody and Ni-NTA chromatography of exogenously expressed His-tagged FAT10 from cells undergoing latent or lytic replication. LC-MS/MS was performed to identify FAT10ylated proteins. We identified KSHV ORF59 and ORF61 as FAT10ylation substrates. Our study revealed that the UBE1L2-FAT10 system is upregulated during KSHV lytic replication, and it contributes to viral propagation.ImportanceUbiquitin and UBL post-translational modifications, including FAT10, are utilized and dysregulated by viruses for achievement of effective infection and virion production. The UBE1L2-FAT10 system catalyzes FAT10ylation, where one or more FAT10 molecules are covalently linked to a substrate. FAT10ylation is catalyzed by the sequential actions of E1 (activation enzyme), E2 (conjugation enzyme), and E3 (ligase) enzymes. The E1 enzyme for FAT10ylation is UBE1L2, which activates FAT10 and transfers it to E2/USE1. FAT10ylation regulates the cell cycle, IFN signaling, and protein degradation; however, its primary biological function remains unknown. Here, we revealed that KSHV lytic replication induces UBE1L2 expression and production of FAT10ylated proteins including KSHV lytic proteins. Moreover, UBE1L2 knockout suppressed virus production during the lytic cycle. This is the first report demonstrating the contribution of the UBE1L2-FAT10 system to KSHV lytic replication. Our findings provide insight into the physiological function(s) of novel post-translational modifications in KSHV lytic replication.
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6
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Zhang K, Chen L, Zhang Z, Cao J, He L, Li L. Ubiquitin-like protein FAT10: A potential cardioprotective factor and novel therapeutic target in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:802-811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ubiquitin-like proteins in the DNA damage response: the next generation. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:737-752. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDNA suffers constant insult from a variety of endogenous and exogenous sources. To deal with the arising lesions, cells have evolved complex and coordinated pathways, collectively termed the DNA damage response (DDR). Importantly, an improper DDR can lead to genome instability, premature ageing and human diseases, including cancer as well as neurodegenerative disorders. As a crucial process for cell survival, regulation of the DDR is multi-layered and includes several post-translational modifications. Since the discovery of ubiquitin in 1975 and the ubiquitylation cascade in the early 1980s, a number of ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) have been identified as post-translational modifiers. However, while the importance of ubiquitin and the UBLs SUMO and NEDD8 in DNA damage repair and signalling is well established, the roles of the remaining UBLs in the DDR are only starting to be uncovered. Herein, we revise the current status of the UBLs ISG15, UBL5, FAT10 and UFM1 as emerging co-regulators of DDR processes. In fact, it is becoming clear that these post-translational modifiers play important pleiotropic roles in DNA damage and/or associated stress-related cellular responses. Expanding our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these emerging UBL functions will be fundamental for enhancing our knowledge of the DDR and potentially provide new therapeutic strategies for various human diseases including cancer.
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Wang F, Zhao B. UBA6 and Its Bispecific Pathways for Ubiquitin and FAT10. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092250. [PMID: 31067743 PMCID: PMC6539292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Questions have been raised since the discovery of UBA6 and its significant coexistence with UBE1 in the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). The facts that UBA6 has the dedicated E2 enzyme USE1 and the E1–E2 cascade can activate and transfer both ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 have attracted a great deal of attention to the regulational mechanisms of the UBA6–USE1 cascade and to how FAT10 and ubiquitin differentiate with each other. This review recapitulates the latest advances in UBA6 and its bispecific UBA6–USE1 pathways for both ubiquitin and FAT10. The intricate networks of UBA6 and its interplays with ubiquitin and FAT10 are briefly reviewed, as are their individual and collective functions in diverse physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Bo Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Kawamoto A, Nagata S, Anzai S, Takahashi J, Kawai M, Hama M, Nogawa D, Yamamoto K, Kuno R, Suzuki K, Shimizu H, Hiraguri Y, Yui S, Oshima S, Tsuchiya K, Nakamura T, Ohtsuka K, Kitagawa M, Okamoto R, Watanabe M. Ubiquitin D is Upregulated by Synergy of Notch Signalling and TNF-α in the Inflamed Intestinal Epithelia of IBD Patients. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:495-509. [PMID: 30395194 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The intestinal epithelium of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients is exposed to various pro-inflammatory cytokines, most notably tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]. We have previously shown that the Notch signalling pathway is also upregulated in such an epithelium, contributing to intestinal epithelial cell [IEC] proliferation and regeneration. We aimed to reproduce such environment in vitro and explore the gene regulation involved. METHODS Human IEC cell lines or patient-derived organoids were used to analyse Notch- and TNF-α-dependent gene expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyse expression of ubiquitin D [UBD] in various patient-derived intestinal tissues. RESULTS In human IEC cell lines, we found that Notch signalling and TNF-α-induced NFκB signalling are reciprocally regulated to promote expression of a specific gene subset. Global gene expression analysis identified UBD to be one of the most highly upregulated genes, due to synergy of Notch and TNF-α. The synergistic expression of UBD was regulated at the transcriptional level, whereas the UBD protein had an extremely short half-life due to post-translational, proteasomal degradation. In uninflamed intestinal tissues from IBD patients, UBD expression was limited to IECs residing at the crypt bottom. In contrast, UBD-expressing IECs were seen throughout the crypt in inflamed tissues, indicating substantial induction by the local inflammatory environment. Analysis using patient-derived organoids consistently confirmed conserved Notch- and TNF-α-dependent expression of UBD. Notably, post-infliximab [IFX] downregulation of UBD reflected favourable outcome in IBD patients. CONCLUSION We propose that UBD is a novel inflammatory-phase protein expressed in IECs, with a highly rapid responsiveness to anti-TNF-α treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Anzai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mao Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minami Hama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Nogawa
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamamoto
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Kuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Hiraguri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Yui
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Oshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Therapeutics in GI Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ohtsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kitagawa
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang CY, Sun J, Wang X, Wang CF, Zeng XD. Clinicopathological significance of human leukocyte antigen F-associated transcript 10 expression in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:9-16. [PMID: 30984346 PMCID: PMC6451929 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. The worldwide mortality rate of CRC is about one half of its morbidity. Ubiquitin is a key regulatory factor in the cell cycle and widely exists in eukaryotes. Human leukocyte antigen F-associated transcript 10 (FAT10), known as diubiquitin, is an 18 kDa protein with 29% and 36% homology with the N and C termini of ubiquitin. The function of FAT10 has not been fully elucidated, and some studies have shown that it plays an important role in various cell processes.
AIM To examine FAT10 expression and to analyze the relationship between FAT10 expression and the clinicopathological parameters of CRC.
METHODS FAT10 expression in 61 cases of CRC and para-cancer colorectal tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The relationship between FAT10 expression and clinicopathological parameters of CRC was statistically analyzed.
RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the positive rate of FAT10 expression in CRC (63.93%) was significantly higher than that in tumor-adjacent tissues (9.84%, P < 0.05) and normal colorectal mucosal tissue (1.64%, P < 0.05). Western blotting also indicated that FAT10 expression was significantly higher in CRC than in tumor-adjacent tissue (P < 0.05). FAT10 expression was closely associated with clinical stage and lymphatic spread of CRC. FAT10 expression also positively correlated with p53 expression.
CONCLUSION FAT10 expression is highly upregulated in CRC. FAT10 expression is closely associated with clinical stage and lymphatic spread of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Cui-Fang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xian-Dong Zeng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
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Investigating the Promoter of FAT10 Gene in HCC Patients. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9070319. [PMID: 29949944 PMCID: PMC6070910 DOI: 10.3390/genes9070319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
FAT10, which is also known as diubiquitin, has been implicated to play important roles in immune regulation and tumorigenesis. Its expression is up-regulated in the tumors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and other cancer patients. High levels of FAT10 in cells have been shown to result in increased mitotic non-disjunction and chromosome instability, leading to tumorigenesis. To evaluate whether the aberrant up-regulation of the FAT10 gene in the tumors of HCC patients is due to mutations or the aberrant methylation of CG dinucleotides at the FAT10 promoter, sequencing and methylation-specific sequencing of the promoter of FAT10 was performed. No mutations were found that could explain the differential expression of FAT10 between the tumor and non-tumorous tissues of HCC patients. However, six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including one that has not been previously reported, were identified at the promoter of the FAT10 gene. Different haplotypes of these SNPs were found to significantly mediate different FAT10 promoter activities. Consistent with the experimental observation, differential FAT10 expression in the tumors of HCC patients carrying haplotype 1 was generally higher than those carrying haplotype II. Notably, the methylation status of this promoter was found to correlate with FAT10 expression levels. Hence, the aberrant overexpression of the FAT10 gene in the tumors of HCC patients is likely due to aberrant methylation, rather than mutations at the FAT10 promoter.
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Chen Z, Zhang W, Yun Z, Zhang X, Gong F, Wang Y, Ji S, Leng L. Ubiquitin‑like protein FAT10 regulates DNA damage repair via modification of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7487-7496. [PMID: 29620277 PMCID: PMC5983939 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to DNA damage, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) has an important role as a positive regulator and as a scaffold protein associated with DNA damage bypass and repair pathways by serving as a platform for the recruitment of associated components. As demonstrated in the present study, the ubiquitin-like modifier human leukocyte antigen F locus adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10), which binds to PCNA but has not previously been demonstrated to be associated with the DNA damage response (DDR), is induced by ultraviolet/ionizing radiation and VP-16 treatment in HeLa cells. Furthermore, DNA damage enhances FAT10 expression. Immunoprecipitation analysis suggested PCNA is modified by FAT10, and the degradation of FATylated PCNA located in the cytoplasm is regulated by the 26S proteasome, which is also responsible for the upregulation of nuclear foci formation. Furthermore, immunofluorescence experiment suggested FAT10 co-localizes with PCNA in nuclear foci, thus suggesting that FATylation of PCNA may affect DDR via the induction of PCNA degradation in the cytoplasm or nucleus. In addition, immunohistochemistry experiment suggested the expression levels of FAT10 and PCNA are enhanced in HCC tissues compared with healthy liver tissues; however, the expression of FAT10 is suppressed in regenerated liver tissues, which express high levels of PCNA, thus suggesting that the association between FAT10 and PCNA expression is only exhibited in tumor tissues. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that FAT10 may be involved in DDR and therefore the progression of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchuan Chen
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Yun
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gong
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Shouping Ji
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Ling Leng
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
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Schregle R, Mah MM, Mueller S, Aichem A, Basler M, Groettrup M. The expression profile of the ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 in immune cells suggests cell type-specific functions. Immunogenetics 2018; 70:429-438. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-1055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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GRP78 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma proliferation by increasing FAT10 expression through the NF-κB pathway. Exp Cell Res 2018; 365:1-11. [PMID: 29458176 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78) and the ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 each promote proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). However, the relationship of GRP78 and FAT10 in HCC proliferation are still not known. In this study, we found that GRP78 and FAT10 were significantly overexpressed in HCC tissues compare with adjacent non-cancerous tissues, and a positive correlation was found between their expression and associated proliferation characteristics. High expression of GRP78 and FAT10 were positively correlated with tumor proliferation and poor prognosis in HCC. Moreover, GRP78 knockdown reduced FAT10 expression and suppressed HCC proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The effects of GRP78 knockdown were rescued by FAT10 up-regulation, whereas FAT10 knockdown reduced HCC proliferation enhanced by GRP78 up-regulation. Furthermore, GRP78 modulated FAT10 expression by regulating the NF-κB pathway, direct activation of the NF-κB pathway increased the expression of FAT10, a gene counteracting the tumor suppressor p53. Taken together, these results suggest that this newly identified GRP78-NF-κB-FAT10 axis will provide novel insight into the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of proliferation in human HCC.
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Zhao C, Yao X, Chen X, Wu W, Xi F, Yang G, Yu T. Knockdown of ubiquitin D inhibits adipogenesis during the differentiation of porcine intramuscular and subcutaneous preadipocytes. Cell Prolif 2017; 51:e12401. [PMID: 29171111 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intramuscular fat (IMF) has a significant influence on porcine meat quality. Ubiquitin D (UBD) is involved in the management of diverse intracellular processes. However, its physiological functions in adipose cell differentiation and proliferation are still poorly defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intramuscular and subcutaneous preadipocytes were isolated from the longissimus dorsi and neck subcutaneous deposits of Chinese native Guanzhong Black piglets (3-5 days old), respectively. Lentivirus with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for UBD was applied to knockdown UBD expression. We used real-time PCR and Western blot analysis to detect gene expression. Lipid droplets were dyed with Oil Red O, and cell proliferation was assessed using flow cytometry, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation and cell counting assays. RESULTS Lipogenesis through the Akt/mTOR pathway was inhibited when preadipocytes were transfected with UBD shRNA. The expression of adipogenic genes and the number of lipid droplets were obviously diminished. Moreover, repression of UBD attenuated cell proliferation. UBD downregulation resulted in cell cycle arrest because of a decreased proportion of S-phase cells, and the expression of positive cell proliferation markers was significantly decreased. CONCLUSION These observations illustrated that knockdown of UBD partially suppressed porcine intramuscular and subcutaneous preadipocyte adipogenesis through the Akt/mTOR signalling and inhibited cell proliferation, suggesting the essential role of UBD in the differentiation of preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiangping Yao
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaochang Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fengxue Xi
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Taiyong Yu
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Wang Z, Zhu WG, Xu X. Ubiquitin-like modifications in the DNA damage response. Mutat Res 2017; 803-805:56-75. [PMID: 28734548 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genomic DNA is damaged at an extremely high frequency by both endogenous and environmental factors. An improper response to DNA damage can lead to genome instability, accelerate the aging process and ultimately cause various human diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. The mechanisms that underlie the cellular DNA damage response (DDR) are complex and are regulated at many levels, including at the level of post-translational modification (PTM). Since the discovery of ubiquitin in 1975 and ubiquitylation as a form of PTM in the early 1980s, a number of ubiquitin-like modifiers (UBLs) have been identified, including small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs), neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 8 (NEDD8), interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-F adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10), ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFRM1), URM1 ubiquitin-related modifier-1 (URM1), autophagy-related protein 12 (ATG12), autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8), fan ubiquitin-like protein 1 (FUB1) and histone mono-ubiquitylation 1 (HUB1). All of these modifiers have known roles in the cellular response to various forms of stress, and delineating their underlying molecular mechanisms and functions is fundamental in enhancing our understanding of human disease and longevity. To date, however, the molecular mechanisms and functions of these UBLs in the DDR remain largely unknown. This review summarizes the current status of PTMs by UBLs in the DDR and their implication in cancer diagnosis, therapy and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response, Capital Normal University College of Life Sciences, Beijing 100048, China.
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17
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LMO2 blocks the UBA6-USE1 interaction and downstream FAT10ylation by targeting the ubiquitin fold domain of UBA6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1442-8. [PMID: 27569286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the post-translational modification of proteins by ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) is the most common trigger for protein degradation and is involved in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes. FAT10 (HLA-F-adjacent transcript 10), which belongs to the UBL family, is activated specifically through the UBA6-USE1 cascade and targets substrates covalently for 26S proteasomal degradation. LMO2 is a well-recognized transcriptional regulator in hematopoietic and endothelial systems; however, it is predominantly located in the cytoplasm of epithelium-derived cells. The current study revealed that LMO2 protein interacted with the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme UBA6 at the C-terminal ubiquitin fold domain (UFD), which mediates the recognition and recruitment of the E2-conjugating enzyme USE1. Functionally, the LMO2-UBA6 interaction disturbed the interaction between UBA6 and USE1 and led to the decline of the overall cellular FAT10ylation level as well as the FAT10ylation and degradation of a known FAT10 substrate p62. Taken together, this study revealed a novel function of LMO2 involving in the regulatory hierarchy of UBA6-USE1-FAT10ylation pathway by targeting the E1 enzyme UBA6.
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18
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The ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 in cancer development. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 79:451-461. [PMID: 27393295 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the last years it has emerged that the ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 is directly involved in cancer development. FAT10 expression is highly up-regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α in all cell types and tissues and it was also found to be up-regulated in many cancer types such as glioma, colorectal, liver or gastric cancer. While pro-inflammatory cytokines within the tumor microenvironment probably contribute to FAT10 overexpression, an increasing body of evidence argues that pro-malignant capacities of FAT10 itself largely underlie its broad and intense overexpression in tumor tissues. FAT10 thereby regulates pathways involved in cancer development such as the NF-κB- or Wnt-signaling. Moreover, FAT10 directly interacts with and influences downstream targets such as MAD2, p53 or β-catenin, leading to enhanced survival, proliferation, invasion and metastasis formation of cancer cells but also of non-malignant cells. In this review we will provide an overview of the regulation of FAT10 expression as well as its function in carcinogenesis.
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19
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Zhang Y, Tang J, Yang N, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Li N, Zhao Y, Li S, Liu S, Zhou H, Li X, Tian M, Deng J, Xie P, Sun Y, Lu H, Zhang MQ, Jin N, Jiang C. FAT10 Is Critical in Influenza A Virus Replication by Inhibiting Type I IFN. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:824-33. [PMID: 27354218 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The H5N1 avian influenza virus causes severe disease and high mortality, making it a major public health concern worldwide. The virus uses the host cellular machinery for several steps of its life cycle. In this report, we observed overexpression of the ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 following live H5N1 virus infection in BALB/c mice and in the human respiratory epithelial cell lines A549 and BEAS-2B. Further experiments demonstrated that FAT10 increased H5N1 virus replication and decreased the viability of infected cells. Total RNA extracted from H5N1 virus-infected cells, but not other H5N1 viral components, upregulated FAT10, and this process was mediated by the retinoic acid-induced protein I-NF-κB signaling pathway. FAT10 knockdown in A549 cells upregulated type I IFN mRNA expression and enhanced STAT1 phosphorylation during live H5N1 virus infection. Taken together, our data suggest that FAT10 was upregulated via retinoic acid-induced protein I and NF-κB during H5N1 avian influenza virus infection. And the upregulated FAT10 promoted H5N1 viral replication by inhibiting type I IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qingchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yanxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shunwang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Huandi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Mingyao Tian
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jiejie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Michael Q Zhang
- Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080; and
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130062, China;
| | - Chengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
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20
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Liu X, Chen L, Ge J, Yan C, Huang Z, Hu J, Wen C, Li M, Huang D, Qiu Y, Hao H, Yuan R, Lei J, Yu X, Shao J. The Ubiquitin-like Protein FAT10 Stabilizes eEF1A1 Expression to Promote Tumor Proliferation in a Complex Manner. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4897-907. [PMID: 27312528 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human HLA-F adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) is the only ubiquitin-like protein that can directly target substrates for degradation by proteasomes, but it can also stabilize the expression of certain substrates by antagonizing ubiquitination, through mechanisms as yet uncharacterized. In this study, we show how FAT10 stabilizes the translation elongation factor eEF1A1, which contributes to cancer cell proliferation. FAT10 overexpression increased expression of eEF1A1, which was sufficient to promote proliferation of cancer cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed that FAT10 competed with ubiquitin (Ub) for binding to the same lysines on eEF1A1 to form either FAT10-eEF1A1 or Ub-eEF1A1 complexes, respectively, such that FAT10 overexpression decreased Ub-eEF1A1 levels and increased FAT10-eEF1A1 levels. Overall, our work establishes a novel mechanism through which FAT10 stabilizes its substrates, advancing understanding of the biological function of FAT10 and its role in cancer. Cancer Res; 76(16); 4897-907. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Leifeng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Jin Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Zixi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Junwen Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chongyu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Da Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Yumin Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Haibin Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Rongfa Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Lei
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianghua Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, China. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nanchang, China.
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Ganesan M, Hindman J, Tillman B, Jaramillo L, Poluektova LI, French BA, Kharbanda KK, French SW, Osna NA. FAT10 suppression stabilizes oxidized proteins in liver cells: Effects of HCV and ethanol. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:506-16. [PMID: 26407761 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
FAT10 belongs to the ubiquitin-like modifier (ULM) family that targets proteins for degradation and is recognized by 26S proteasome. FAT10 is presented on immune cells and under the inflammatory conditions, is synergistically induced by IFNγ and TNFα in the non-immune (liver parenchymal) cells. It is not clear how viral proteins and alcohol regulate FAT10 expression on liver cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether FAT10 expression on liver cells is activated by the innate immunity factor, IFNα and how HCV protein expression in hepatocytes and ethanol-induced oxidative stress affect the level of FAT10 in liver cells. For this study, we used HCV(+) transgenic mice that express structural HCV proteins and their HCV(-) littermates. Mice were fed Lieber De Carli diet (control and ethanol) as specified in the NIH protocol for chronic-acute ethanol feeding. Alcohol exposure enhanced steatosis, induced oxidative stress and decreased proteasome activity in the liversof these mice, with more robust response to ethanol in HCV(+) mice. IFNα induced transcriptional activation of FAT10 in liver cells, which was dysregulated by ethanol feeding. Accordingly, IFNα-activated expression of FAT10 in hepatocytes (measured by indirect immunofluorescent of liver tissue) was also suppressed by ethanol exposure in both HCV(+) and HCV(-) mice. This suppression was accompanied with ethanol-mediated induction of lipid peroxidation marker, 4-HNE. All aforementioned effects of ethanol were attenuated by in vivo feeding of mice with the pro-methylating agent, betaine, which exhibits strong anti-oxidant properties. Based on this study, we hypothesize that FAT10 targets oxidatively modified proteins for proteasomal degradation, and that the reduction in FAT10 levels along with decreased proteasome activity may contribute to stabilization of these altered proteins in hepatocytes. In conclusion, IFNα induced FAT10 expression, which is suppressed by ethanol feeding in both HCV(+) and HCV(-) mice. Betaine treatment reverses HCV-ethanol induced dysregulation of protein methylation and oxidative stress, thereby restoring the FAT10 expression on liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Joseph Hindman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Brittany Tillman
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Lee Jaramillo
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Larisa I Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Barbara A French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
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Abstract
The predominant function of the tumor suppressor p53 is transcriptional regulation. It is generally accepted that p53-dependent transcriptional activation occurs by binding to a specific recognition site in promoters of target genes. Additionally, several models for p53-dependent transcriptional repression have been postulated. Here, we evaluate these models based on a computational meta-analysis of genome-wide data. Surprisingly, several major models of p53-dependent gene regulation are implausible. Meta-analysis of large-scale data is unable to confirm reports on directly repressed p53 target genes and falsifies models of direct repression. This notion is supported by experimental re-analysis of representative genes reported as directly repressed by p53. Therefore, p53 is not a direct repressor of transcription, but solely activates its target genes. Moreover, models based on interference of p53 with activating transcription factors as well as models based on the function of ncRNAs are also not supported by the meta-analysis. As an alternative to models of direct repression, the meta-analysis leads to the conclusion that p53 represses transcription indirectly by activation of the p53-p21-DREAM/RB pathway.
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Key Words
- CDE, cell cycle-dependent element
- CDKN1A
- CHR, cell cycle genes homology region
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- DREAM complex
- DREAM, DP, RB-like, E2F4, and MuvB complex
- E2F/RB complex
- HPV, human papilloma virus
- NF-Y, Nuclear factor Y
- cdk, cyclin-dependent kinase
- genome-wide meta-analysis
- p53
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- a Molecular Oncology; Medical School ; University of Leipzig ; Leipzig , Germany
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Liu H, French BA, Nelson TJ, Li J, Tillman B, French SW. IL-8 signaling is up-regulated in alcoholic hepatitis and DDC fed mice with Mallory Denk Bodies (MDBs) present. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:320-5. [PMID: 26260904 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors are involved in oncogenesis and in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Various chemokines also promote cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis of stressed cells. The chemokine CXCL8, also known as interleukin-8 (IL-8), is a proinflammatory molecule that has functions within the tumor microenvironment. Deregulation of IL-8 signaling is shown to play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and progression. Mallory-Denk Bodies (MDBs) are prevalent in various liver diseases including alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and are formed in mice livers by feeding DDC. By comparing AH livers where MDBs had formed with normal livers, there were significant changes of IL-8 signaling by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyses. Real-time PCR analysis of CXCR2 further shows a 6-fold up-regulation in AH livers and a 26-fold up-regulation in the livers of DDC re-fed mice. IL-8 mRNA was also significantly up-regulated in AH livers and DDC re-fed mice livers. This indicates that CXCR2 and IL-8 may be crucial for liver MDB formation. MDB containing balloon hepatocytes in AH livers had increased intensity of staining of the cytoplasm for both CXCR2 and IL-8. Overexpression of IL-8 leads to an increase of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and exacerbates the inflammatory cycle. These observations constitute a demonstration of the altered regulation of IL-8 signaling in the livers of AH and mice fed DDC where MDBs formed, providing further insight into the mechanism of MDB formation mediated by IL-8 signaling in AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Barbara A French
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Tyler J Nelson
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Brittany Tillman
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
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24
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Gao Y, Theng SS, Mah WC, Lee CGL. Silibinin down-regulates FAT10 and modulate TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced chromosomal instability and apoptosis sensitivity. Biol Open 2015; 4:961-9. [PMID: 26142316 PMCID: PMC4542280 DOI: 10.1242/bio.011189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IFN-γ (TI), play important yet diverse roles in cell survival, proliferation, and death. Recent evidence highlights FAT10 as a downstream molecule in the pathway of inflammation-induced tumorigenesis through mediating the effect of cytokines in causing numerical CIN and protecting cells from cytokines-induced cell death. cDNA microarray analysis of cells treated with TI revealed 493 deregulated genes with FAT10 being the most up-regulated (85.7-fold) gene and NF-κB being the key nodal hub of TI-response genes. Silibinin is reported to be a powerful antioxidant and has anti-C effects against various carcinomas by affecting various signaling molecules/pathways including MAPK, NF-κB and STATs. As NF-κB signaling pathway is a major mediator of the tumor-promoting activities of TI, we thus examine the effects of silibinin on TI-induced FAT10 expression and CIN. Our data showed that silibinin inhibited expression of FAT10, TI-induced chromosome instability (CIN) as well as sensitizes cells to TI-induced apoptosis. Significantly, silibinin suppressed intra-tumorally injected TNF-α-induced tumor growth. This represents the first report associating silibinin with FAT10 and demonstrating that silibinin can modulate TI-induced CIN, apoptosis sensitivity and suppressing TNF-α-induced tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gao
- Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Steven Setiawan Theng
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Way-Champ Mah
- Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610, Singapore NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Caroline G L Lee
- Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610, Singapore NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 169547, Singapore
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25
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Induction of anti-tumor immunity by dendritic cells transduced with FAT10 recombinant adenovirus in mice. Cell Immunol 2014; 293:17-21. [PMID: 25461613 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive and rapidly fatal malignancy representing the common cancer worldwide. The specific cellular gene involved in carcinogenesis has not been fully identified. The ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10, a recently reported to be over-expressed in 90% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) carcinomas, and might be regarded as an ideal target for HCC therapy. In the present study, we utilized DCs transduced with FAT10 recombinant adenovirus to elicit CTLs in vitro. In addition, the Trimera mice were immunized with the transduced DCs to elicit the immune response in vivo. The results demonstrated that transduced DCs could effectively induce specific CTL response against HCC without lysing autologous lymphocytes, but also significantly inhibit the tumor growth and prolong the life span of tumor bearing mice. These results suggest that FAT10 recombinant adenovirus transduced DCs might be a promising therapeutical strategy for treatment of HCC.
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26
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Spinnenhirn V, Farhan H, Basler M, Aichem A, Canaan A, Groettrup M. The ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 decorates autophagy-targeted Salmonella and contributes to Salmonella resistance in mice. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:4883-93. [PMID: 25271057 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.152371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial invasion of eukaryotic cells is counteracted by cell-autonomous innate immune mechanisms including xenophagy. The decoration of cytosolic bacteria by ubiquitylation and binding of galectin-8 leads to recruitment of autophagy adaptors like p62 (also known as SQSTM1), NDP52 (also known as CALCOCO2) and optineurin, which initiate the destruction of bacteria by xenophagy. Here, we show that the functionally barely characterized IFNγ- and TNFα-inducible ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 (also known as ubiquitin D, UBD), which binds to the autophagy adaptor p62, but has not been shown to associate with pathogens before, is recruited to cytosolic Salmonella Typhimurium in human cells. FAT10-decorated S. Typhimurium were simultaneously decorated with ubiquitin, p62, NDP52 and the autophagy marker LC3B (MAP1LC3B). FAT10 colocalized with p62-positive microdomains on S. Typhimurium, whereas colocalization with NDP52 was only partial. A kinetic analysis revealed an early, but only transient, decoration of bacteria by FAT10, which resembled that of p62. Although bacterial replication was not detectably altered in FAT10-depleted or overexpressing cells in vitro, survival experiments revealed that NRAMP1-transgenic mice that were FAT10-deficient had a higher susceptibility to orally inoculated S. Typhimurium bacteria than NRAMP1-transgenic mice that were wild-type for FAT10. Taken together, our data suggest a role for FAT10 in the intracellular defense against bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Spinnenhirn
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Basler
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Annette Aichem
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Allon Canaan
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marcus Groettrup
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
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Liu H, Li J, Tillman B, Morgan TR, French BA, French SW. TLR3/4 signaling is mediated via the NFκB-CXCR4/7 pathway in human alcoholic hepatitis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis which formed Mallory-Denk bodies. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:234-40. [PMID: 24997224 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling which stimulates inflammatory and proliferative pathways is the key element in the pathogenesis of Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) in mice fed DDC. However, little is known as to how TLR signaling is regulated in MDB formation during chronic liver disease development. The first systematic study of TLR signaling pathway transcript regulation in human archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) liver biopsies with MDB formation is presented here. When compared to the activation of Toll-like signaling in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients, striking similarities and obvious differences were observed. Similar TLRs (TLR3 and TLR4, etc.), TLR downstream adaptors (MyD88 and TRIF, etc.) and transcript factors (NFκB and IRF7, etc.) were all upregulated in the patients' livers. MyD88, TLR3 and TLR4 were significantly induced in the livers of AH and NASH compared to normal subjects, while TRIF and IRF7 mRNA were only slightly upregulated in AH patients. This is a different pathway from the induction of the TLR4-MyD88-independent pathway in the AH and NASH patients with MDBs present. Importantly, chemokine receptor 4 and 7 (CXCR4/7) mRNAs were found to be induced in the patients livers in FAT10 positive hepatocytes. The CXCR7 pathway was significantly upregulated in patients with AH and the CXCR4 was markedly upregulated in patients with NASH, indicating that CXCR4/7 is crucial in liver MDB formation. This data constitutes the first demonstration of the upregulation of the MyD88-dependent TLR4/NFκB pathway in AH and NASH where MDBs formed, via the NFκB-CXCR4/7 pathway, and provides further insight into the mechanism of MDB formation in human liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- LA BioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Jun Li
- LA BioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Brittany Tillman
- LA BioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | | | - Barbara A French
- LA BioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Samuel W French
- LA BioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
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28
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Chen J, Yang L, Chen H, Yuan T, Liu M, Chen P. Recombinant adenovirus encoding FAT10 small interfering RNA inhibits HCC growth in vitro and in vivo. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 96:207-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Choi Y, Kim JK, Yoo JY. NFκB and STAT3 synergistically activate the expression of FAT10, a gene counteracting the tumor suppressor p53. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:642-55. [PMID: 24518302 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is one of the main causes of cancer, yet the molecular mechanism underlying this effect is not fully understood. In this study, we identified FAT10 as a potential target gene of STAT3, the expression of which is synergistically induced by NFκB co-stimulation. STAT3 binding stabilizes NFκB on the FAT10 promoter and leads to maximum induction of FAT10 gene expression. Increased FAT10 represses the transcriptional activity of the tumor suppressor p53, a protein that accelerates the protein degradation of FAT10. This FAT10-p53 double-negative regulation is critical in the control of tumorigenesis, as overexpressed FAT10 facilitates the tumor progression in the solid tumor model. In conclusion, transcriptional synergy between STAT3 and NFκB functions to put weight on FAT10 in the mutually inhibitory FAT10-p53 regulatory loop and thus favors tumorigenesis under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwook Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kyoung Kim
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Sciences Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joo-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Gao Y, Theng SS, Zhuo J, Teo WB, Ren J, Lee CGL. FAT10, an ubiquitin-like protein, confers malignant properties in non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic cells. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:923-34. [PMID: 24325913 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
FAT10 (HLA-F-adjacent transcript 10) is an ubiquitin-like modifier, which has been implicated in immune response and cancer development. In particular, the hypothesis of FAT10 as a mediator of tumorigenesis stems from its ability to associate with a spindle checkpoint protein Mad2 during mitosis and cause aneuploidy, a hallmark of cancer cells. Furthermore, FAT10 is overexpressed in several carcinomas types, including that of liver and colon. Nevertheless, direct evidence linking FAT10 to cell malignant transformation and progression is lacking. Here, we demonstrate that high FAT10 expression enhanced the proliferative, invasive, migratory and adhesive functions of the transformed cell line, HCT116. These observations were consistently demonstrated in an immortalized, non-tumorigenic liver cell line NeHepLxHT. Importantly, FAT10 can induce malignant transformation as evidenced from the anchorage-independent growth as well as in vivo tumor-forming abilities of FAT10-overexpressing NeHepLxHT cells, whereas in rapidly proliferating HCT116, increased FAT10 further augmented tumor growth. FAT10 was found to activate nuclear factor-κB (NFκB), which in turn upregulated the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. Importantly, small interfering RNA depletion of CXCR7 and CXCR4 attenuated cell invasion of FAT10-overexpressing cells, indicating that the CXCR4/7 is crucial for the FAT10-dependent malignant phenotypes. Taken together, our data reveal novel functions of FAT10 in malignant transformation and progression, via the NFκB-CXCR4/7 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gao
- Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
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31
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Leng L, Xu C, Wei C, Zhang J, Liu B, Ma J, Li N, Qin W, Zhang W, Zhang C, Xing X, Zhai L, Yang F, Li M, Jin C, Yuan Y, Xu P, Qin J, Xie H, He F, Wang J. A Proteomics Strategy for the Identification of FAT10-Modified Sites by Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2013; 13:268-76. [PMID: 23862649 DOI: 10.1021/pr400395k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences
Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Changming Xu
- Department of Automatic Control,
College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Chao Wei
- Institute of Basic Medical Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Science and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 10005, China
| | - Jiyang Zhang
- Department of Automatic Control,
College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Boya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences
Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences
Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences
Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Weijie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences
Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences
Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chengpu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences
Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaohua Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences
Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Linhui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences
Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences
Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences
Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chaozhi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences
Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanzhi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences
Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences
Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences
Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Hongwei Xie
- Department of Automatic Control,
College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences
Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences
Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
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32
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Liu L, Dong Z, Liang J, Cao C, Sun J, Ding Y, Wu D. As an independent prognostic factor, FAT10 promotes hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma progression via Akt/GSK3β pathway. Oncogene 2013; 33:909-20. [PMID: 23812429 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
FAT10 is an oncogene that is localized at 6q21.3, a region frequently amplified in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, growing attention has been paid to its effect in the initiation of various cancers. However, there has been little research into the influence of FAT10 on the progression and prognosis of HCC, especially in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC. Here, we aimed at investigating clincopathological significance of FAT10 in HBV-related HCC and its underlying mechanisms. Based on the analysis of FAT10 expression in a reliable and large number of cases with 5-year follow-up, we showed that FAT10 was significantly increased in 260 samples from HBV-related HCC patients, compared with 30 normal tissue, 50 cirrhosis and matched adjacent nontumor tissues. FAT10 expression is correlated with recurrence and poor prognosis in HBV-related HCC. In addition, ectopic expression of FAT10 enhanced cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and induced cell cycle progression, whereas silencing FAT10 expression suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. FAT10 also induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promoted invasion of HCC cells. Furthermore, we found Akt/GSK3β pathway contributed to the effects of FAT10 in HCC cells. Blocking the Akt pathway significantly inhibited the actions of FAT10. Taken together, the ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 has a central role in regulating diverse aspects of the pathogenesis of HCC, indicating that it might be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Ding
- 1] Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China [2] Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - D Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Merbl Y, Refour P, Patel H, Springer M, Kirschner MW. Profiling of ubiquitin-like modifications reveals features of mitotic control. Cell 2013; 152:1160-72. [PMID: 23452859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like (Ubl) protein modifications affect protein stability, activity, and localization, but we still lack broad understanding of the functions of Ubl modifications. We have profiled the protein targets of ubiquitin and six additional Ubls in mitosis using a functional assay that utilizes active mammalian cell extracts and protein microarrays and identified 1,500 potential substrates; 80-200 protein targets were exclusive to each Ubl. The network structure is nonrandom, with most targets mapping to a single Ubl. There are distinct molecular functions for each Ubl, suggesting divergent biological roles. Analysis of differential profiles between mitosis and G1 highlighted a previously underappreciated role for the Ubl, FAT10, in mitotic regulation. In addition to its role as a resource for Ubl modifications, our study provides a systematic approach to analyze changes in posttranslational modifications at various cellular states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Merbl
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Warren Alpert 536, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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34
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Peng X, Shao J, Shen Y, Zhou Y, Cao Q, Hu J, He W, Yu X, Liu X, Marian AJ, Hong K. FAT10 protects cardiac myocytes against apoptosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 59:1-10. [PMID: 23416168 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
FAT10 is a new member of the ubiquitin-like protein family with yet-to-be defined biological functions in the heart. Our objective was to determine the role of FAT10 in the heart. FAT10 is expressed in the normal human and murine hearts, as detected by qPCR and Western blotting. Expression of FAT10 is increased in the heart at the border zone of myocardial infarction and in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCM) subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) stress. Lentiviral-mediated overexpression of FAT10 in NRCM reduced p53 (TP53) and its target miR-34a levels, while BCL2 level, a target of miR-34a, was increased and BAX level, a pro-apoptotic protein, was reduced. These changes were associated with reduced apoptosis, detected by FACS analysis of annexin-V expression and TUNEL assay, in response to H/R injury. Knock down of FAT10 by shRNA targeting had the opposite effects. Likewise, lentiviral mediated expression of miR-34a was associated with reduced BCL2 and increased BAX levels in NRCM and also reversed changes in BCL-2 and BAX levels observed upon over-expression of FAT10. Treatment of NRCM with proteasome inhibitor MG132 increased p53 and miR-34a levels and reduced BLC2/BAX ratio. These changes were not reversed upon over-expression of FAT10. Thus, FAT10 is upregulated in the heart and NRCM in response to H/R stress, which protects cardiac myocytes against apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic effects of FAT10 are associated with suppression of p53, probably through fatylation and proteasomal degradation, reduced miR-34a expression, and a shift in the BCL2/BAX proteins against apoptosis. Thus, FAT10 is a cardioprotective protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Peng
- Cardiovascular Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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35
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Cajee UF, Hull R, Ntwasa M. Modification by ubiquitin-like proteins: significance in apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:11804-11831. [PMID: 23109884 PMCID: PMC3472776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130911804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) confer diverse functions on their target proteins. The modified proteins are involved in various biological processes, including DNA replication, signal transduction, cell cycle control, embryogenesis, cytoskeletal regulation, metabolism, stress response, homeostasis and mRNA processing. Modifiers such as SUMO, ATG12, ISG15, FAT10, URM1, and UFM have been shown to modify proteins thus conferring functions related to programmed cell death, autophagy and regulation of the immune system. Putative modifiers such as Domain With No Name (DWNN) have been identified in recent times but not fully characterized. In this review, we focus on cellular processes involving human Ubls and their targets. We review current progress in targeting these modifiers for drug design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar-Faruq Cajee
- School of Molecular & Cell Biology, Gatehouse 512, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; E-Mails: (U.-F.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Rodney Hull
- School of Molecular & Cell Biology, Gatehouse 512, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; E-Mails: (U.-F.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Monde Ntwasa
- School of Molecular & Cell Biology, Gatehouse 512, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; E-Mails: (U.-F.C.); (R.H.)
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Increased Expression of FAT10 is Correlated with Progression and Prognosis of Human Glioma. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 18:833-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Buchsbaum S, Bercovich B, Ciechanover A. FAT10 is a proteasomal degradation signal that is itself regulated by ubiquitination. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 23:225-32. [PMID: 22072791 PMCID: PMC3248901 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-07-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
FAT10 is a ubiquitin-like protein modifier that is induced in vertebrates following certain inflammatory stimuli. Its functions and the repertoire of its target substrates have remained elusive. In contrast to ubiquitin, its cellular abundance is tightly controlled by both transcriptional and posttranslational regulation, and it was reported to be rapidly degraded by the proteasome. Here we provide data to indicate that the degradation of FAT10 requires ubiquitination: degradation was inhibited in cells expressing a ubiquitin mutant that cannot be polymerized and in a mutant cell harboring a thermolabile ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E1. Of importance, FAT10 can serve as a degradation signal for otherwise stable proteins, and in this case, too, the targeting to the proteasome requires ubiquitination. Degradation of FAT10 is accelerated after induction of apoptosis, suggesting that it plays a role in prosurvival pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Buchsbaum
- Center for Vascular and Tumor Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Ren J, Wang Y, Gao Y, Mehta SBK, Lee CGL. FAT10 mediates the effect of TNF-α in inducing chromosomal instability. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:3665-75. [PMID: 22025632 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.087403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays important roles in chronic inflammation-associated tumorigenesis but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Previously, we reported that high levels of FAT10 led to chromosomal instability that is mediated by an abbreviated mitotic phase. Here, we show that TNF-α induces FAT10 gene expression through TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and activates the NF-κB pathway in HCT116 and SW620 cells. TNF-α treatment also leads to an abbreviated mitotic phase that can be reversed by inhibiting FAT10 expression. This abbreviated mitotic phase is correlated with a TNF-α-induced reduction in the kinetochore localization of MAD2 during prometaphase which, again, can be reversed by inhibiting FAT10 gene expression. There is greater variability of chromosome numbers in HCT116 and SW620 cells treated with TNF-α than in untreated cells, which can be reversed by the introduction of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against FAT10. The more stable chromosome numbers in HCT116 cells expressing FAT10 shRNA can revert to greater variability with the addition of a mutant FAT10 that is not recognized by the FAT10 shRNA. Upon TNF-α stimulation, higher cell death is observed when FAT10 expression is inhibited by shRNA. These data strongly suggest that FAT10 plays an important role in mediating the function of TNF-α during tumorigenesis by inducing cell cycle deregulation and chromosomal instability, and by inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Ren
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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Nagashima Y, Kowa H, Tsuji S, Iwata A. FAT10 protein binds to polyglutamine proteins and modulates their solubility. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:29594-600. [PMID: 21757738 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.261032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansion of polyglutamine (pQ) chain by expanded CAG repeat causes dominantly inherited neurodegeneration such as Huntington disease, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), and numbers of other spinocerebellar ataxias. Expanded pQ disrupts the stability of the pQ-harboring protein and increases its susceptibility to aggregation. Aggregated pQ protein is recognized by the ubiquitin proteasome system, and the enzyme ubiquitin ligase covalently attaches ubiquitin, which serves as a degradation signal by the proteasome. However, accumulation of the aggregated proteins in the diseased brain suggests insufficient degradation machinery. Ubiquitin has several functionally related proteins that are similarly attached to target proteins through its C terminus glycine residue. They are called ubiquitin-like molecules, and some of them are similarly related to the protein degradation pathway. One of the ubiquitin-like molecules, FAT10, is known to accelerate protein degradation through a ubiquitin-independent manner, but its role in pQ aggregate degradation is completely unknown. Thus we investigated its role in a Huntington disease cellular model and found that FAT10 molecules were covalently attached to huntingtin through their C terminus glycine. FAT10 binds preferably to huntingtin with a short pQ chain and completely aggregated huntingtin was FAT10-negative. In addition, ataxin-1,3 and DRPLA proteins were both positive for FAT10, and aggregation enhancement was observed upon FAT10 knockdown. These findings were similar to those for huntingtin. Our new finding will provide a new role for FAT10 in the pathogenesis of polyglutamine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nagashima
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience on Neurodegeneration, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Li T, Santockyte R, Yu S, Shen RF, Tekle E, Lee CGL, Yang DCH, Chock PB. FAT10 modifies p53 and upregulates its transcriptional activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 509:164-9. [PMID: 21396347 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
FAT10, also known as diubiquitin, has been implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular processes, including mitosis, immune response, and apoptosis. We seek to identify FAT10-targeted proteins, an essential step in elucidating the physiological function of FAT10. To this end, human FAT10 or its non-conjugatable derivative, FAT10ΔGG, was overexpressed in HEK293 cells. We observed a number of high molecular weight FAT10 conjugates in cells expressing wild-type FAT10, but not in FAT10ΔGG. The FAT10 conjugates are inducible by TNF-α and accumulated significantly when cells were treated with proteasome inhibitor, MG132. Among them, tumor suppressor p53 was found to be FATylated. The p53 transcriptional activity was found to be substantially enhanced in FAT10-overexpressing cells. In addition, overexpressing FAT10 in HEK293 cells also reduced the population of p53 which cross reacted with monoclonal anti-p53 antibody, PAB240, known to recognize only the transcriptionally inactive p53. FAT10 in the nucleus was found co-localized with p53 and altered its subcellular compartmentalization. Furthermore, overexpressing FAT10 led to a reduction in the size of promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) and altered their distribution in the nucleus. Based on these observations, a potential mechanism which correlates FATylation of p53 to its translocation and transcriptional activation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Li
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Yu X, Liu T, De HB, Li GH, Shao JH. Construction and characterization of a yeast two-hybrid cDNA library from a FAT10-overexpressing human hepatic carcinoma cell line Hep3B. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:400-403. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i4.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To construct a yeast two-hybrid cDNA library from a FAT10-overexpressing human hepatic carcinoma cell line Hep3B.
METHODS: Total RNA was prepared from Hep3B cells and used to purify poly (A) mRNA. Double-stranded cDNA was synthesized from the purified mRNA, ligated to EcoR I adaptor, digested with EcoR I/Xho I enzymes, and then cloned into the pGADT7 vector. The recombinant vector was transformed into E. coli DH10B to obtain a primary cDNA library. The primary library was amplified and used to determine the size of cDNA inserts through enzyme digestion.
RESULTS: The primary cDNA library contained 1.03 × 106 independent clones. The titer of the cDNA library was estimated to be 2.50 × 106 cfu/mL, and that of the amplified library was 3.60 × 109 cfu/mL. The size of the inserts varied from 0. 5 to 3.5 kb, with an average value of about 2.0 kb.
CONCLUSION: A yeast two-hybrid cDNA library has been successfully generated from FAT10-overexpressing Hep3B cells and can be used for future screening of proteins interacting with FAT10.
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Noble CL, Abbas AR, Lees CW, Cornelius J, Toy K, Modrusan Z, Clark HF, Arnott ID, Penman ID, Satsangi J, Diehl L. Characterization of intestinal gene expression profiles in Crohn's disease by genome-wide microarray analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010; 16:1717-28. [PMID: 20848455 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide microarray expression analysis creates a comprehensive picture of gene expression at the cellular level. The aim of this study was to investigate differential intestinal gene expression in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and controls with subanalysis of confirmed CD susceptibility genes, associated pathways, and cell lineage. METHODS In all, 172 biopsies from 53 CD and 31 control subjects were studied. Paired endoscopic biopsies were taken at ileocolonoscopy from five specific anatomical locations including the terminal ileum (TI) for RNA extraction and histology. The 41,058 expression sequence tags were analyzed using the Agilent platform. RESULTS Analysis of all CD biopsies versus controls showed 259 sequences were upregulated and 87 sequences were downregulated. Upregulated genes in CD included SAA1 (fold change [FC] +7.5, P = 1.47 × 10(-41)) and REGL (FC +7.3, P = 2.3 × 10(-16)), whereas cellular detoxification genes including-SLC14A2 (FC-2.49, P = 0.00002) were downregulated. In the CD TI biopsies diubiquitin (FC+11.3, P < 1 × 10(-45)), MMP3 (FC+7.4, P = 1.3 × 10(-11)), and IRTA1 (FC-11.4, P = 4.7 × 10(-12)) were differentially expressed compared to controls. In the colon SAA1 (FC+6.3, P = 5.3 × 10(-8)) was upregulated and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) (FC-2.3, P = 2.7 × 10(-6)) was downregulated comparing noninflamed CD and control biopsies, and the colonic inflammatory CD signature was characterized by downregulation of the organic solute carriers-SLC38A4, SLC26A2, and OST alpha. Of CD susceptibility genes identified by genome-wide association scan IL-23A, JAK2, and STAT3 were upregulated in the CD group, confirming the dysregulation of Th17 signaling. CONCLUSIONS These data characterize the dysregulation of a series of specific inflammatory pathways highlighting potential pathogenic mechanisms as well as areas for translation to therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin L Noble
- Gastrointestinal Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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Increased expression of FAT10 in colon benign, premalignant and malignant epithelial neoplasms. Exp Mol Pathol 2010; 90:51-4. [PMID: 20888811 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of FAT10 is characteristic of numerous types of carcinoma including liver, gastric and colon carcinomas. In the case of colon carcinoma it is possible to determine the point in the progression from the benign to the malignant process of colon cancer development by determining which stage in the neoplastic process FAT10 overexpression occurs. This stage was determined by measuring the intensity of fluorescence of immunohistochemically stained normal mucosa, tubular adenomas, hyperplastic polyps, serrated adenomas, villotubular, villous adenomas and invasive adenocarcinoma stages. Using this approach it was found that the overexpression of FAT10 began at the serrated adenoma stage and continued to include the villous and villotubular stages and the invasive adenocarcinoma stage. The FAT10 overexpression by invasive adenocarcinoma was accompanied by the expression of the catalytic subunits of the immunoproteasome which is functionally tied to the overexpression of FAT10, Toll-like receptor activation and the proinflammatory response.
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Ubiquitin D is correlated with colon cancer progression and predicts recurrence for stage II-III disease after curative surgery. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:961-9. [PMID: 20808312 PMCID: PMC2965875 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our recent study observed that the expression of ubiquitin D (UBD), a member of ubiquitin-like modifier family, was upregulated in colon cancer parenchymal cells. The present study further investigated the clinical signicance of UBD in colon cancer. METHODS Using quantitative PCR, tissue microarray (TMA), western blot analysis and immunohistochemical stain, we evaluated UBD mRNA and protein levels in tumour tissues from patients with colon cancer at different stages and in paired adjacent normal epithelium. RESULTS Immunohistochemical detection of UBD on a TMA containing 203 paired specimens showed that increased cytoplasmic UBD was signicantly associated with depth of cancer invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, tumour histologic grade, advanced clinical stage and Ki-67 proliferative index. Patients with UBD-positive tumours had a significantly higher disease recurrence rate and poorer survival than patients with UBD-negative tumours after the radical surgery. Stratification analysis according to tumour stage revealed UBD as an independent predictor for tumour recurrence in patients with stage II and III tumours. CONCLUSION UBD may contribute to the progression of colon carcinogenesis and function as a novel prognostic indicator of forecasting recurrence of stage II and III patients after curative operations.
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Independent phenotype of binuclear hepatocytes and cellular localization of UbD. Exp Mol Pathol 2010; 89:103-8. [PMID: 20599937 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mice fed DDC (0.1%) for 10 weeks, and then withdrawn from the drug for 1 month, retain the ability to form Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) when the drug is refed for 7 days. The number of liver cells that form MDBs increased and partially replaced normal liver cells, at the end of 7 days of refeeding DDC. The MDBs that formed were associated with increased expression of UbD (also called FAT10) in the Mallory-Denk body forming cells. UbD is over expressed in 70% of human HCCs, but its cellular localization is not well established. UbD belongs to the UbL family (ubiquitin-like), and can be linked to others proteins with their 2 C-terminal glycine to lysine. By Western Blot, UbD was found to be covalently linked with proteins. We performed immunohistochemistry on tissue from mouse liver and found that UbD was located in the cytoplasm and in one or two nuclei of the same hepatocyte. However, in primary cell culture, UbD formed speckles within the cytoplasm of the liver cell. A similar pattern of cytoplasmic localization was observed in the Hepa 1-6 cell lines, which over expressed UbD fused with GFP at the C-Terminal. The localization and the control of UbD localization remain unclear. The identification of proteins that interact with UbD and the post translational modification of UbD would help to determine the regulation of this localization and function.
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Bardag-Gorce F, Oliva J, Li J, French BA, French SW. SAMe prevents the induction of the immunoproteasome and preserves the 26S proteasome in the DDC-induced MDB mouse model. Exp Mol Pathol 2010; 88:353-62. [PMID: 20223233 PMCID: PMC3315394 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) form in the liver of alcoholic patients. This occurs because of the accumulation and aggregation of ubiquitinated cytokeratins, which hypothetically is due to the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway's (UPP) failure to degrade the cytokeratins. The experimental model of MDB formation was used in which MDBs were induced by refeeding DDC to drug-primed mice. The gene expression and protein levels of LMP2, LMP7 and MECL-1, the catalytic subunits in the immunoproteasome, as well as FAT10, were increased in the liver cells forming MDBs but not in the intervening normal hepatocytes. Chymotrypsin-like activity of the UPP was decreased by DDC refeeding, indicating that a switch from the UPP to the immunoproteasome had occurred at the expense of the 26S proteasome. The failure of the UPP to digest cytokeratins would explain MDB aggregate formation. SAMe prevented the decrease in UPP activity, the increase in LMP2, LMP7, and MECL-1 protein levels and MDB formation induced by DDC. DDC refeeding also induced the TNFalpha and IFNgamma receptors. SAMe prevented the increase in the TNFalpha and IFNgamma receptors, supporting the idea that TNFalpha and IFNgamma were responsible for the up regulation of LMP2, LPM7, and FAT10. These results support the conclusion that MDBs form in FAT10 over-expressing hepatocytes where the up regulation of the immunoproteasome occurs at the expense of the 26S proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzia Bardag-Gorce
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
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The role of cytokines in UbD promoter regulation and Mallory-Denk body-like aggresomes. Exp Mol Pathol 2010; 89:1-8. [PMID: 20433827 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) are found in chronic liver diseases. Previous studies showed that diethyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (DDC) induced formation of MDBs and the up regulation of UbD expression in mouse liver. UbD is a protein over expressed in hepatocellular carcinomas. It is a potential preneoplastic marker in the mouse. It is hypothesized that inflammatory cytokines play a critical role in UbD up regulation and MDB formation. TNFa and IFNg treatment of HCC cell line Hepa 1-6, induced the expression of UbD and the expression of genes coding for the immunoproteasome (LMP2, LMP7, and MECL-1 subunits). TNFa and IFNg induced the activity of the UbD promoter, using a luciferase assay. The cotreatment with TNFa and IFNg induced the activity of the UbD promoter through an Interferon Sequence Responsive Element (ISRE). In addition, long term treatment with TNFa and IFNg induced the formation of MDB-like aggresomes in Hepa 1-6 cells, which emphasizes the role of inflammation in the formation of MDBs leading to the formation of liver tumors, in the mouse. Identifying the mechanism that regulates gene expression of UbD supports the hypothesis that down regulation of UbD and the proinflammatory gene expression would prevent MDB and HCC formations. Previous studies indicate that S-adenosylmethionine or betaine prevented IFNg induced UbD and MDB formations.
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Frank B, Hoffmeister M, Klopp N, Illig T, Chang-Claude J, Brenner H. Polymorphisms in inflammatory pathway genes and their association with colorectal cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:2822-30. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
The ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 (HLA-F adjacent transcript 10) is the only ubiquitin-like modifier known, which apart from ubiquitin, directly targets proteins to proteasomal degradation. The covalent linkage of ubiquitin or other ubiquitin-like modifiers (ULM) to specific substrates is achieved by adjoining them to target proteins with an enzyme cascade using three enzymes: E1, E2 and E3. The first enzyme activates the ULM, the second enzyme serves a conjugating enzyme and the third enzyme ligates the ULM to its target. More recently, the first enzyme in the FAT10 conjugation machinery was characterized. It turned out that the novel E1 activating enzyme UBA6, which serves as a second E1 for ubiquitin in higher eukaryotes, additionally has the ability to activate FAT10. In this chapter the activation of FAT10 and ubiquitin by UBA6 as well as the role of FAT10 in protein degradation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Pelzer
- Department of Biochemistry, Quartier UNIL-Epalinges, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Snyder A, Alsauskas Z, Gong P, Rosenstiel PE, Klotman ME, Klotman PE, Ross MJ. FAT10: a novel mediator of Vpr-induced apoptosis in human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy. J Virol 2009; 83:11983-8. [PMID: 19726511 PMCID: PMC2772664 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00034-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected persons. Vpr-induced cell cycle dysregulation and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells are important components of the pathogenesis of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). FAT10 is a ubiquitin-like protein that is upregulated in renal tubular epithelial cells in HIVAN. In these studies, we report that Vpr induces increased expression of FAT10 in tubular cells and that inhibition of FAT10 expression prevents Vpr-induced apoptosis in human and murine tubular cells. Moreover, we found that Vpr interacts with FAT10 and that these proteins colocalize at mitochondria. These studies establish FAT10 as a novel mediator of Vpr-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Snyder
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Box 1243, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Box 1090, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029
| | - Zygimantas Alsauskas
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Box 1243, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Box 1090, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029
| | - Pengfei Gong
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Box 1243, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Box 1090, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029
| | - Paul E. Rosenstiel
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Box 1243, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Box 1090, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029
| | - Mary E. Klotman
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Box 1243, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Box 1090, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029
| | - Paul E. Klotman
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Box 1243, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Box 1090, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029
| | - Michael J. Ross
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Box 1243, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Box 1090, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029
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