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Adamczyk I, Kaliszczak K, Skowron K, Grudlewska-Buda K, Twarużek M, Sinkiewicz-Darol E. Microbiological status of donor human milk - A single center study from Poland. Food Microbiol 2024; 122:104528. [PMID: 38839212 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Human milk is considered the most suitable source of nutrition for infants. Donor human milk from human milk banks (HMB) is recommended as the best alternative for infants whose mothers' own milk is unavailable. Microbiological screening of milk donated to HMB is important to ensure the quality and safety of the pasteurised human milk. This article describes the microbiological status of human milk donated to the Regional Human Milk Bank in Toruń, Poland. Statistical data regarding the microbiological analysis of milk from 292 donors were collected in the years 2013-2021. Total of 538 milk samples were tested. Only in 6% of human milk samples the bacteria level was above the required standard and/or the milk had potentially pathogenic bacteria. The main core of donors' breastmilk bacteria represents the skin microbiota, and the composition of the microbiota is strictly related to the surrounding environment. The most abundant genera detected in milk samples were the Staphylococcus group. Prolonged hospitalisation of infants' mothers and/or offsprings is associated with potentially pathogenic bacteria colonization in milk. The use of the modern identification method MALDI-TOF resulted in more accurate results compared to the biochemical methods. Our analysis indicates that most of the tested milk samples (94%), both expressing at home and in hospital environments, meet the criteria for admission to the human milk bank. Effective techniques for identifying microorganisms ensure that donor milk from human milk banks meets the guidelines set for these units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Adamczyk
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30 St., 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland; Human Milk Bank, Ludwik Rydygier Provincial Polyclinical Hospital in Torun, St. Josef 53-59 St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kaliszczak
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics, Ludwik Rydygier Provincial Polyclinical Hospital in Torun, St. Josef 53-59 St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Twarużek
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30 St., 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Elena Sinkiewicz-Darol
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30 St., 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland; Human Milk Bank, Ludwik Rydygier Provincial Polyclinical Hospital in Torun, St. Josef 53-59 St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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Sindi AS, Stinson LF, Gridneva Z, Leghi GE, Netting MJ, Wlodek ME, Muhlhausler BS, Rea A, Trevenen ML, Geddes DT, Payne MS. Maternal dietary intervention during lactation impacts the maternal faecal and human milk microbiota. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae024. [PMID: 38323424 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the effect of a two-week reduced fat and sugar and increased fibre maternal dietary intervention on the maternal faecal and human milk (HM) microbiomes. METHODS AND RESULTS Faecal swabs and HM samples were collected from mothers (n = 11) immediately pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, and 4 and 8 weeks post-intervention, and were analysed using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Maternal macronutrient intake was assessed at baseline and during the intervention. Maternal fat and sugar intake during the intervention were significantly lower than pre-intervention (P = <0.001, 0.005, respectively). Significant changes in the bacterial composition of maternal faeces were detected after the dietary intervention, with decreases in the relative abundance of Bacteroides caccae (P = <0.001) and increases in the relative abundance of Faecalibacillus intestinalis (P = 0.006). In HM, the diet resulted in a significant increase in Cutibacterium acnes (P = 0.001) and a decrease in Haemophilus parainfluenzae (P = <0.001). The effect of the diet continued after the intervention, with faecal swabs and HM samples taken 4 and 8 weeks after the diet showing significant differences compared to baseline. CONCLUSION This pilot study demonstrates that short-term changes in maternal diet during lactation can alter the bacterial composition of the maternal faeces and HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar S Sindi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lisa F Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Zoya Gridneva
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gabriela E Leghi
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Merryn J Netting
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, SA 5000, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics, The University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Beverly S Muhlhausler
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- CSIRO, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Alethea Rea
- Centre for Applied Statistics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Michelle L Trevenen
- Centre for Applied Statistics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Matthew S Payne
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
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Guo W, Liu S, Khan MZ, Wang J, Chen T, Alugongo GM, Li S, Cao Z. Bovine milk microbiota: Key players, origins, and potential contributions to early-life gut development. J Adv Res 2024; 59:49-64. [PMID: 37423549 PMCID: PMC11081965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine milk is a significant substitute for human breast milk and holds great importance in infant nutrition and health. Apart from essential nutrients, bovine milk also contains bioactive compounds, including a microbiota derived from milk itself rather than external sources of contamination. AIM OF REVIEW Recognizing the profound impact of bovine milk microorganisms on future generations, our review focuses on exploring their composition, origins, functions, and applications. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Some of the primary microorganisms found in bovine milk are also present in human milk. These microorganisms are likely transferred to the mammary gland through two pathways: the entero-mammary pathway and the rumen-mammary pathway. We also elucidated potential mechanisms by which milk microbiota contribute to infant intestinal development. The mechanisms include the enhancing of the intestinal microecological niche, promoting the maturation of immune system, strengthening the intestinal epithelial barrier function, and interacting with milk components (e.g., oligosaccharides) via cross-feeding effect. However, given the limited understanding of bovine milk microbiota, further studies are necessary to validate hypotheses regarding their origins and to explore their functions and potential applications in early intestinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Z Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Pakistan
| | - Jingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gibson M Alugongo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Ajeeb TT, Gonzalez E, Solomons NW, Vossenaar M, Koski KG. Human milk microbiome: associations with maternal diet and infant growth. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1341777. [PMID: 38529196 PMCID: PMC10962684 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1341777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ingestion of human milk (HM) is identified as a significant factor associated with early infant gut microbial colonization, which has been associated with infant health and development. Maternal diet has been associated with the HM microbiome (HMM). However, a few studies have explored the associations among maternal diet, HMM, and infant growth during the first 6 months of lactation. Methods For this cross-sectional study, Mam-Mayan mother-infant dyads (n = 64) were recruited from 8 rural communities in the Western Highlands of Guatemala at two stages of lactation: early (6-46 days postpartum, n = 29) or late (109-184 days postpartum, n = 35). Recruited mothers had vaginally delivered singleton births, had no subclinical mastitis or antibiotic treatments, and breastfed their infants. Data collected at both stages of lactation included two 24-h recalls, milk samples, and infant growth status indicators: head-circumference-for-age-z-score (HCAZ), length-for-age-z-score (LAZ), and weight-for-age-z-score (WAZ). Infants were divided into subgroups: normal weight (WAZ ≥ -1SD) and mildly underweight (WAZ < -1SD), non-stunted (LAZ ≥ -1.5SD) and mildly stunted (LAZ < -1.5SD), and normal head-circumference (HCAZ ≥ -1SD) and smaller head-circumference (HCAZ < -1SD). HMM was identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing; amplicon analysis was performed with the high-resolution ANCHOR pipeline, and DESeq2 identified the differentially abundant (DA) HMM at the species-level between infant growth groups (FDR < 0.05) in both early and late lactation. Results Using both cluster and univariate analyses, we identified (a) positive correlations between infant growth clusters and maternal dietary clusters, (b) both positive and negative associations among maternal macronutrient and micronutrient intakes with the HMM at the species level and (c) distinct correlations between HMM DA taxa with maternal nutrient intakes and infant z-scores that differed between breast-fed infants experiencing growth faltering and normal growth in early and late lactation. Conclusion Collectively, these findings provide important evidence of the potential influence of maternal diet on the early-life growth of breastfed infants via modulation of the HMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara T. Ajeeb
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Noel W. Solomons
- Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Marieke Vossenaar
- Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Kunnummal SP, Khan M. Diet-gut microbiome interaction and ferulic acid bioavailability: implications on neurodegenerative disorders. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:51-66. [PMID: 37747555 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Ferulic acid (FA), which occurs naturally as the feruloylated sugar ester in grains, fruits, and vegetables, is critical for combating oxidative stress and alleviating neurodegenerative diseases resulting from free radical-generated protein aggregates in brain cells. However, FA cannot be absorbed in conjugated form. Therefore, strategies to improve the bioavailability of FA are gaining more importance. Ferulic acid esterases (FAE) of the gut microbiota are critical enzymes that facilitate FA release from feruloylated sugar ester conjugates and influence systemic health. This review provides insight into a nutrition-based approach to preventing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's by altering the diversity of FAE-producing gut microbiota. RECENT FINDINGS The human gut is a niche for a highly dense microbial population. Nutrient components and the quality of food shape the gut microbiota. Microbiota-diet-host interaction primarily involves an array of enzymes that hydrolyse complex polysaccharides and release covalently attached moieties, thereby increasing their bio-accessibility. Moreover, genes encoding polysaccharide degrading enzymes are substrate inducible, giving selective microorganisms a competitive advantage in scavenging nutrients. Nutraceutical therapy using specific food components holds promise as a prophylactic agent and as an adjunctive treatment strategy in neurotherapeutics, as it results in upregulation of polysaccharide utilisation loci containing fae genes in the gut microbiota, thereby increasing the release of FA and other antioxidant molecules and combat neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saarika Pothuvan Kunnummal
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
- CSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mahejibin Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India.
- CSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Jiang Y, Zhao L, Ma J, Yang Y, Zhang B, Xu J, Dhondrup R, Wong TW, Zhang D. Preventive mechanisms of Chinese Tibetan medicine Triphala against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155229. [PMID: 38006804 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triphala (TLP), as a Chinese Tibetan medicine composing of Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia bellirica (1.2:1.5:1), exhibited hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic and gut microbiota modulatory effects. Nonetheless, its roles in prevention of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the related mechanistic insights involving the interplay of gut microbiota and hepatic inflammation are not known. PURPOSE The present study seeks to determine if TLP would prevent HFD-induced NAFLD in vivo and its underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of gut microbiota, metabolites, and hepatic inflammation. METHODS TLP was subjected to extraction and chemo-profiling, and in vivo evaluation in HFD-fed rats on hepatic lipid and inflammation, intestinal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and permeability, and body weight and fat content profiles. RESULTS The TLP was primarily constituted of gallic acid, corilagin and chebulagic acid. Orally administered HFD-fed rats with TLP were characterized by the growth of Ligilactobacillus and Akkermansia, and SCFAs (acetic/propionic/butyric acid) secretion which led to increased claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 expression that reduced the mucosal permeability to migration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into blood and liver. Coupling with hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride lowering actions, the TLP mitigated both inflammatory (ALT, AST, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and pro-inflammatory (TLR4, MYD88 and NF-κB P65) activities of liver, and sequel to histopathological development of NAFLD in a dose-dependent fashion. CONCLUSION TLP is promisingly an effective therapy to prevent NAFLD through modulating gut microbiota, mucosal permeability and SCFAs secretion with liver fat and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yongjing Yang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Benyin Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jiyu Xu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | | | - Tin Wui Wong
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Dejun Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China; College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
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Montoya-Ciriaco N, Hereira-Pacheco S, Estrada-Torres A, Dendooven L, Méndez de la Cruz FR, Gómez-Acata ES, Díaz de la Vega-Pérez AH, Navarro-Noya YE. Maternal transmission of bacterial microbiota during embryonic development in a viviparous lizard. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0178023. [PMID: 37847033 PMCID: PMC10714757 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01780-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE We investigated the presence and diversity of bacteria in the embryos of the viviparous lizard Sceloporus grammicus and their amniotic environment. We compared this diversity to that found in the maternal intestine, mouth, and cloaca. We detected bacterial DNA in the embryos, albeit with a lower bacterial species diversity than found in maternal tissues. Most of the bacterial species detected in the embryos were also found in the mother, although not all of them. Interestingly, we detected a high similarity in the composition of bacterial species among embryos from different mothers. These findings suggest that there may be a mechanism controlling the transmission of bacteria from the mother to the embryo. Our results highlight the possibility that the interaction between maternal bacteria and the embryo may affect the development of the lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Montoya-Ciriaco
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Stephanie Hereira-Pacheco
- Estación Científica La Malinche, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Arturo Estrada-Torres
- Estación Científica La Malinche, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Luc Dendooven
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fausto R. Méndez de la Cruz
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Selene Gómez-Acata
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Bióticas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Aníbal H. Díaz de la Vega-Pérez
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Humanidades y Tecnología-Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala., Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Yendi E. Navarro-Noya
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Bióticas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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Duraisamy S, Sathyan A, Balakrishnan S, Subramani P, Prahalathan C, Kumarasamy A. Bactericidal and non-cytotoxic activity of bacteriocin produced by Lacticaseibacillus paracasei F9-02 and evaluation of its tolerance to various physico-chemical conditions. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2882-2896. [PMID: 36564972 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore novel lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from breast-fed infants' faeces towards characterizing their antimicrobial compound, bacteriocin. The LAB, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei F9-02 showed strong antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogens. Their proteinaceous nature was confirmed as the activity was completely abolished when treated with proteinaceous enzymes and retained during neutral pH and catalase treatment. The purified bacteriocin showed antimicrobial activity at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 7.56 μg/ml against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus sp. [vancomycin-resistant enterococcal (VRE)], and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 15.13 μg/ml against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhi and 30.25 μg/ml against Shigella flexneri. Present study also proved the bactericidal, non-cytotoxic and non-hemolytic nature of bacteriocin. Additionally, bacteriocin retained their stability under various physico-chemical conditions, broad range of pH (2-10), temperature (40-121°C), enzymes (amylase, lipase and lysozyme), surfactants [Tween-20, 80, 100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)], metal ions (CaCl2 , FeSO4 , ZnSO4 , MgSO4 , MnSO4 , CuCl2 ) and NaCl (2%-8%). The molecular weight of bacteriocin (~28 kDa) was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), functional and active groups were assessed by Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR). To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting L. paracasei from breast-fed infants' faeces and assessing their antimicrobial compound, bacteriocin. The study results furnish the essential features to confirm the therapeutic potential of L. paracasei F9-02 bacteriocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senbagam Duraisamy
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aswathy Sathyan
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthilkumar Balakrishnan
- Division of Biological Sciences, Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabhu Subramani
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Anbarasu Kumarasamy
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Filatava EJ, Liu Z, Xie J, Tran DB, Chen K, El Habbal N, Weinstock G, Zhou Y, Gregory KE. The preterm human milk microbiota fluctuates by postpartum week and is characterized by gestational age and maternal BMI. mBio 2023; 14:e0210623. [PMID: 37975676 PMCID: PMC10746270 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02106-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Despite a growing recognition that the type of nutrition received by preterm infants influences their intestinal microbiome and health outcomes, the microbiota of mother's own milk (MOM), pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM), and infant formula remain poorly characterized. In our study, we found that the structure of microbial communities, bacterial diversity, and relative abundances of specific genera were significantly different between MOM, PDHM, and formula. Additionally, our results suggest that the microbiota of MOM changes as a function of time and maternal factors. Lastly, we identified three lactotypes within MOM that have distinct microbial compositions and described the maternal factors associated with them. These findings set the stage for future research aimed at advancing our knowledge of the microbiota of preterm infant nutrition and the specific influence it may have on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongmao Liu
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jiaojiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Kun Chen
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - Yanjiao Zhou
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Spreckels JE, Fernández-Pato A, Kruk M, Kurilshikov A, Garmaeva S, Sinha T, Ghosh H, Harmsen H, Fu J, Gacesa R, Zhernakova A. Analysis of microbial composition and sharing in low-biomass human milk samples: a comparison of DNA isolation and sequencing techniques. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:116. [PMID: 37945978 PMCID: PMC10636111 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Human milk microbiome studies are currently hindered by low milk bacterial/human cell ratios and often rely on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which limits downstream analyses. Here, we aimed to find a method to study milk bacteria and assess bacterial sharing between maternal and infant microbiota. We tested four DNA isolation methods, two bacterial enrichment methods and three sequencing methods on mock communities, milk samples and negative controls. Of the four DNA isolation kits, the DNeasy PowerSoil Pro (PS) and MagMAX Total Nucleic Acid Isolation (MX) kits provided consistent 16S rRNA gene sequencing results with low contamination. Neither enrichment method substantially decreased the human metagenomic sequencing read-depth. Long-read 16S-ITS-23S rRNA gene sequencing biased the mock community composition but provided consistent results for milk samples, with little contamination. In contrast to 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 16S-ITS-23S rRNA gene sequencing of milk, infant oral, infant faecal and maternal faecal DNA from 14 mother-infant pairs provided sufficient resolution to detect significantly more frequent sharing of bacteria between related pairs compared to unrelated pairs. In conclusion, PS or MX kit-DNA isolation followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing reliably characterises human milk microbiota, and 16S-ITS-23S rRNA gene sequencing enables studies of bacterial transmission in low-biomass samples.
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Grants
- This study was supported by funds from the Dutch Research Council (NWO-VIDI grant 016.178.056 to A.Z., NWO-VICI grant VI.C.202.022 to J.F., NWO gravitation grant Exposome-NL 024.004.017 to A.K. and A.Z., NWO gravitation grant Netherlands Organ-on-Chip Initiative 024.003.001 to J.F.), the Dutch Heart Foundation (IN-CONTROL CVON2018-27 to J.F.), the European Research Council (ERC starting grant 715772 to A.Z., ERC consolidator grant 101001678 to J.F.), an EASI-Genomics grant (PID7780 to T.S. and A.Z.), the De-Cock Hadders foundation (2021-57 to J.E.S., 2021-08 to S.G.), the International Society for Research in Human Milk and Lactation (ISRHML, personal grant to J.E.S), the Winston Bakker Fonds (WB-08, granted to T.S.), and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research innovation program (824110). S.G. and T.S. hold scholarships from the Graduate School of Medical Sciences and the Junior Scientific Masterclass of the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, respectively. The Lifelines NEXT cohort study received funds from the University Medical Center Groningen Hereditary Metabolic Diseases Fund, Health~Holland (Top Sector Life Sciences and Health), the Ubbo Emmius Foundation, the European Union, the Northern Netherlands Alliance (SNN), the provinces of Friesland and Groningen, the municipality of Groningen, Philips, and the Société des Produits Nestlé.
- De-Cock Hadders foundation (2021-57) International Society of Research in Human Milk and Lactation (ISRHML personal grant)
- Dutch Research Council (NWO gravitation grant Exposome-NL 024.004.017)
- De-Cock Hadders foundation (2021-08) University of Groningen Graduate School of Medical Sciences (scholarship)
- EASI-Genomics (grant PID7780) Winston Bakker Fonds (WB-08) University of Groningen Junior Scientific Masterclass (scholarship)
- Dutch Research Council (NWO-VICI grant VI.C.202.022) Dutch Research Council (NWO gravitation grant Netherlands Organ-on-Chip Initiative 024.003.001) European Research Council (ERC consolidator grant 101001678)
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne E Spreckels
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Asier Fernández-Pato
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marloes Kruk
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kurilshikov
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sanzhima Garmaeva
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Trishla Sinha
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hiren Ghosh
- Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hermie Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ranko Gacesa
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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11
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Singh P, Al Mohannadi N, Murugesan S, Almarzooqi F, Kabeer BSA, Marr AK, Kino T, Brummaier T, Terranegra A, McGready R, Nosten F, Chaussabel D, Al Khodor S. Unveiling the dynamics of the breast milk microbiome: impact of lactation stage and gestational age. J Transl Med 2023; 21:784. [PMID: 37932773 PMCID: PMC10629158 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk (BM) provides complete nutrition for infants for the first six months of life and is essential for the development of the newborn's immature immune and digestive systems. While BM was conventionally believed to be sterile, recent advanced high throughput technologies have unveiled the presence of diverse microbial communities in BM. These insights into the BM microbiota have mainly originated from uncomplicated pregnancies, possibly not reflecting the circumstances of mothers with pregnancy complications like preterm birth (PTB). METHODS In this article, we investigated the BM microbial communities in mothers with preterm deliveries (before 37 weeks of gestation). We compared these samples with BM samples from healthy term pregnancies across different lactation stages (colostrum, transitional and mature milk) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that the microbial communities became increasingly diverse and compositionally distinct as the BM matured. Specifically, mature BM samples were significantly enriched in Veillonella and lactobacillus (Kruskal Wallis; p < 0.001) compared to colostrum. The comparison of term and preterm BM samples showed that the community structure was significantly different between the two groups (Bray Curtis and unweighted unifrac dissimilarity; p < 0.001). Preterm BM samples exhibited increased species richness with significantly higher abundance of Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Propionibacterium acnes, unclassified Corynebacterium species. Whereas term samples were enriched in Staphylococcus epidermidis, unclassified OD1, and unclassified Veillonella among others. CONCLUSION Our study underscores the significant influence of pregnancy-related complications, such as preterm birth (before 37 weeks of gestation), on the composition and diversity of BM microbiota. Given the established significance of the maternal microbiome in shaping child health outcomes, this investigation paves the way for identifying modifiable factors that could optimize the composition of BM microbiota, thereby promoting maternal and infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Singh
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tobias Brummaier
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | | | - Rose McGready
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - François Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Damien Chaussabel
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- The Jackson Laboratories, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Souhaila Al Khodor
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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12
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Martínez-Oca P, Alba C, Sánchez-Roncero A, Fernández-Marcelo T, Martín MÁ, Escrivá F, Rodríguez JM, Álvarez C, Fernández-Millán E. Maternal Diet Determines Milk Microbiome Composition and Offspring Gut Colonization in Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:4322. [PMID: 37892398 PMCID: PMC10609248 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mother's milk contains a unique microbiome that plays a relevant role in offspring health. We hypothesize that maternal malnutrition during lactation might impact the microbial composition of milk and affect adequate offspring gut colonization, increasing the risk for later onset diseases. Then, Wistar rats were fed ad libitum (Control, C) food restriction (Undernourished, U) during gestation and lactation. After birth, offspring feces and milk stomach content were collected at lactating day (L)4, L14 and L18. The V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to characterize bacterial communities. An analysis of beta diversity revealed significant disparities in microbial composition between groups of diet at L4 and L18 in both milk, and fecal samples. In total, 24 phyla were identified in milk and 18 were identified in feces, with Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteroidota and Bacteroidota collectively representing 96.1% and 97.4% of those identified, respectively. A higher abundance of Pasteurellaceae and Porphyromonas at L4, and of Gemella and Enterococcus at L18 were registered in milk samples from the U group. Lactobacillus was also significantly more abundant in fecal samples of the U group at L4. These microbial changes compromised the number and variety of milk-feces or feces-feces bacterial correlations. Moreover, increased offspring gut permeability and an altered expression of goblet cell markers TFF3 and KLF3 were observed in U pups. Our results suggest that altered microbial communication between mother and offspring through breastfeeding may explain, in part, the detrimental consequences of maternal malnutrition on offspring programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Martínez-Oca
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), Campus de Excelencia Científica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Roncero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-R.); (F.E.); (C.Á.)
| | - Tamara Fernández-Marcelo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.F.-M.); (M.Á.M.)
| | - María Ángeles Martín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.F.-M.); (M.Á.M.)
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Escrivá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-R.); (F.E.); (C.Á.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.F.-M.); (M.Á.M.)
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Carmen Álvarez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-R.); (F.E.); (C.Á.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.F.-M.); (M.Á.M.)
| | - Elisa Fernández-Millán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-R.); (F.E.); (C.Á.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.F.-M.); (M.Á.M.)
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13
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Zhao S, Lok KYW, Sin ZY, Peng Y, Fan HSL, Nagesh N, Choi MSL, Kwok JYY, Choi EPH, Zhang X, Wai HKF, Tsang LCH, Cheng SSM, Wong MKL, Zhu J, Mok CKP, Ng SC, Chan FKL, Peiris M, Poon LLM, Tun HM. COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-mediated antibodies in human breast milk and their association with breast milk microbiota composition. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:151. [PMID: 37798293 PMCID: PMC10556030 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborns can acquire immunological protection to SARS-CoV-2 through vaccine-conferred antibodies in human breast milk. However, there are some concerns around lactating mothers with regards to potential short- and long-term adverse events and vaccine-induced changes to their breast milk microbiome composition, which helps shape the early-life microbiome. Thus, we sought to explore if SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine could change breast milk microbiota and how the changes impact the levels of antibodies in breast milk. We recruited 49 lactating mothers from Hong Kong who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine between June 2021 and August 2021. Breast milk samples were self-collected by participants pre-vaccination, one week post-first dose, one week post-second dose, and one month post-second dose. The levels of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA and IgG in breast milk peaked at one week post-second dose. Subsequently, the levels of both antibodies rapidly waned in breast milk, with IgA levels returning to baseline levels one month post-second dose. The richness and composition of human breast milk microbiota changed dynamically throughout the vaccination regimen, but the abundances of beneficial microbes such as Bifidobacterium species did not significantly change after vaccination. Additionally, we found that baseline breast milk bacterial composition can predict spike-specific IgA levels at one week post-second dose (Area Under Curve: 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.58-0.85). Taken together, our results identified specific breast milk microbiota markers associated with high levels of IgA in the breast milk following BNT162b2 vaccine. Furthermore, in lactating mothers, BNT162b2 vaccines did not significantly reduce probiotic species in breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Zhao
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kris Y W Lok
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhen Y Sin
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Heidi S L Fan
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nitya Nagesh
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martha S L Choi
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jojo Y Y Kwok
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edmond P H Choi
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hogan Kok-Fung Wai
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leo C H Tsang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samuel S M Cheng
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Jie Zhu
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chris K P Mok
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siew C Ng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leo L M Poon
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hein M Tun
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China.
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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14
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Khalifa A, Ibrahim HIM, Sheikh A, Khalil HE. Attenuation of Immunogenicity in MOG-Induced Oligodendrocytes by the Probiotic Bacterium Lactococcus Sp. PO3. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1731. [PMID: 37893449 PMCID: PMC10608413 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Milk is healthy and includes several vital nutrients and microbiomes. Probiotics in milk and their derivatives modulate the immune system, fight inflammation, and protect against numerous diseases. The present study aimed to isolate novel bacterial species with probiotic potential for neuroinflammation. Materials and Methods: Six milk samples were collected from lactating dairy cows. Bacterial isolates were obtained using standard methods and were evaluated based on probiotic characteristics such as the catalase test, hemolysis, acid/bile tolerance, cell adhesion, and hydrophobicity, as well as in vitro screening. Results: Nine morphologically diverse bacterial isolates were found in six different types of cow's milk. Among the isolates, PO3 displayed probiotic characteristics. PO3 was a Gram-positive rod cell that grew in an acidic (pH-2) salty medium containing bile salt and salinity (8% NaCl). PO3 also exhibited substantial hydrophobicity and cell adhesion. The sequencing comparison of the 16S rRNA genes revealed that PO3 was Lactococcus raffinolactis with a similarity score of 99.3%. Furthermore, PO3 was assessed for its neuroanti-inflammatory activity on human oligodendrocyte (HOG) cell lines using four different neuroimmune markers: signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT-3), myelin basic protein (MBP), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and GLAC in HOG cell lines induced by MOG. Unlike the rest of the evaluated neuroimmune markers, STAT-3 levels were elevated in the MOG-treated HOG cell lines compared to the untreated ones. The expression level of STAT-3 was attenuated in both PO3-MOG-treated and only PO3-treated cell lines. On the contrary, in PO3-treated cell lines, MBP, GFAP, and GLAC were significantly expressed at higher levels when compared with the MOG-treated cell lines. Conclusions: The findings reported in this article are to be used as a foundation for further in vivo research in order to pave the way for the possible use of probiotics in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Khalifa
- Biological Science Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Hairul-Islam Mohamed Ibrahim
- Biological Science Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Biology Division, Pondicherry Centre for Biological Sciences and Educational Trust, Pondicherry 605004, India
| | - Abdullah Sheikh
- Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany Ezzat Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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15
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Sessitsch A, Wakelin S, Schloter M, Maguin E, Cernava T, Champomier-Verges MC, Charles TC, Cotter PD, Ferrocino I, Kriaa A, Lebre P, Cowan D, Lange L, Kiran S, Markiewicz L, Meisner A, Olivares M, Sarand I, Schelkle B, Selvin J, Smidt H, van Overbeek L, Berg G, Cocolin L, Sanz Y, Fernandes WL, Liu SJ, Ryan M, Singh B, Kostic T. Microbiome Interconnectedness throughout Environments with Major Consequences for Healthy People and a Healthy Planet. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2023; 87:e0021222. [PMID: 37367231 PMCID: PMC10521359 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00212-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiomes have highly important roles for ecosystem functioning and carry out key functions that support planetary health, including nutrient cycling, climate regulation, and water filtration. Microbiomes are also intimately associated with complex multicellular organisms such as humans, other animals, plants, and insects and perform crucial roles for the health of their hosts. Although we are starting to understand that microbiomes in different systems are interconnected, there is still a poor understanding of microbiome transfer and connectivity. In this review we show how microbiomes are connected within and transferred between different habitats and discuss the functional consequences of these connections. Microbiome transfer occurs between and within abiotic (e.g., air, soil, and water) and biotic environments, and can either be mediated through different vectors (e.g., insects or food) or direct interactions. Such transfer processes may also include the transmission of pathogens or antibiotic resistance genes. However, here, we highlight the fact that microbiome transmission can have positive effects on planetary and human health, where transmitted microorganisms potentially providing novel functions may be important for the adaptation of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, APC Microbiome Ireland and VistaMilk, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Aicha Kriaa
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pedro Lebre
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Don Cowan
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lene Lange
- LL-BioEconomy, Valby, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lidia Markiewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Annelein Meisner
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Olivares
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Excellence Center Severo Ochoa – Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Inga Sarand
- Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | | | - Hauke Smidt
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo van Overbeek
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Yolanda Sanz
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Excellence Center Severo Ochoa – Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - S. J. Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing, China
| | - Matthew Ryan
- Genetic Resources Collection, CABI, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Brajesh Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tanja Kostic
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
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16
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Suárez-Martínez C, Santaella-Pascual M, Yagüe-Guirao G, Martínez-Graciá C. Infant gut microbiota colonization: influence of prenatal and postnatal factors, focusing on diet. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236254. [PMID: 37675422 PMCID: PMC10478010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal microbiota forms the first infant gut microbial inoculum, and perinatal factors (diet and use of antibiotics during pregnancy) and/or neonatal factors, like intra partum antibiotics, gestational age and mode of delivery, may influence microbial colonization. After birth, when the principal colonization occurs, the microbial diversity increases and converges toward a stable adult-like microbiota by the end of the first 3-5 years of life. However, during the early life, gut microbiota can be disrupted by other postnatal factors like mode of infant feeding, antibiotic usage, and various environmental factors generating a state of dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis have been reported to increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and some chronic diseases later in life, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, allergies, and asthma. Therefore, understanding the impact of a correct maternal-to-infant microbial transfer and a good infant early colonization and maturation throughout life would reduce the risk of disease in early and late life. This paper reviews the published evidence on early-life gut microbiota development, as well as the different factors influencing its evolution before, at, and after birth, focusing on diet and nutrition during pregnancy and in the first months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Suárez-Martínez
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina Santaella-Pascual
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Genoveva Yagüe-Guirao
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Microbiology Service, Virgen de La Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-Graciá
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
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17
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Holdsworth EA, Williams JE, Pace RM, Lane AA, Gartstein M, McGuire MA, McGuire MK, Meehan CL. Breastfeeding patterns are associated with human milk microbiome composition: The Mother-Infant Microbiomes, Behavior, and Ecology Study (MIMBES). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287839. [PMID: 37556398 PMCID: PMC10411759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human milk microbiome (HMM) is hypothesized to be seeded by multiple factors, including the infant oral microbiome during breastfeeding. However, it is not known whether breastfeeding patterns (e.g., frequency or total time) impact the composition of the HMM. As part of the Mother-Infant Microbiomes, Behavior, and Ecology Study (MIMBES), we analyzed data from naturalistic observations of 46 mother-infant dyads living in the US Pacific Northwest and analyzed milk produced by the mothers for its bacterial diversity and composition. DNA was extracted from milk and the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. We hypothesized that number of breastfeeding bouts (breastfeeding sessions separated by >30 seconds) and total time breastfeeding would be associated with HMM α-diversity (richness, diversity, or evenness) and differential abundance of HMM bacterial genera. Multiple linear regression was used to examine associations between HMM α-diversity and the number of breastfeeding bouts or total time breastfeeding and selected covariates (infant age, maternal work outside the home, frequency of allomother physical contact with the infant, non-household caregiving network). HMM richness was inversely associated with number of breastfeeding bouts and frequency of allomother physical contact, but not total time breastfeeding. Infants' non-household caregiving network was positively associated with HMM evenness. In two ANCOM-BC analyses, abundances of 5 of the 35 most abundant genera were differentially associated with frequency of breastfeeding bouts (Bifidobacterium, Micrococcus, Pedobacter, Acidocella, Achromobacter); 5 genera (Bifidobacterium, Agreia, Pedobacter, Rugamonas, Stenotrophomonas) were associated with total time breastfeeding. These results indicate that breastfeeding patterns and infant caregiving ecology may play a role in influencing HMM composition. Future research is needed to identify whether these relationships are consistent in other populations and if they are associated with variation in the infant's gastrointestinal (including oral) microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Holdsworth
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Janet E. Williams
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Ryan M. Pace
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Avery A. Lane
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Maria Gartstein
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mark A. McGuire
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Michelle K. McGuire
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Courtney L. Meehan
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
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18
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Filippone Pavesi L, Pollera C, Sala G, Cremonesi P, Monistero V, Biscarini F, Bronzo V. Effect of the Selective Dry Cow Therapy on Udder Health and Milk Microbiota. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1259. [PMID: 37627678 PMCID: PMC10451862 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the use of antimicrobials on dairy farms has been significantly limited from both the legislative and consumer points of view. This study aims to check the efficacy of selective dry cow therapy (SDCT) versus blanket dry cow therapy (BDCT) on bovine udder in healthy animals. SDTC is when an antibiotic is administered only to infected cows, compared with BDCT, where all cows receive an antimicrobial, regardless of their infection status. The milk samples were collected from enrolled Holstein Friesian cows 7 days before dry-off (T0) and 10 days after calving (T1) to assess somatic cell count (SCC), intramammary infections (IMIs), and milk microbiota variation. After pre-drying sampling, cows are randomly assigned to the following treatments: internal teat sealant alone (ITS; 24 cows), which is a treatment in a cow that does not receive antibiotics in SDTC, or in combination with intramammary antibiotic treatment (A+ITS; 22 cows). Non-statistically significant results are found between the two treatment groups at T1 for SCC, milk yield, and alpha diversity in milk microbiota. A statistically (p < 0.033) T1 IMI decrease is reported in the A+ITS group, and a significant beta diversity analysis is shown between the two timepoints (p = 0.009). This study confirms the possibility of selective drying without new IMI risk or increased SCC at calving, considering healthy cows without contagious infections and SCC values >200,000 cells/mL in the previous lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Filippone Pavesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.F.P.); (C.P.); (V.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Claudia Pollera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.F.P.); (C.P.); (V.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Giulia Sala
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Via Livornese (SP-22), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Valentina Monistero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.F.P.); (C.P.); (V.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Filippo Biscarini
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.F.P.); (C.P.); (V.M.); (V.B.)
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases—MiLab, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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19
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Andres SF, Zhang Y, Kuhn M, Scottoline B. Building better barriers: how nutrition and undernutrition impact pediatric intestinal health. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192936. [PMID: 37545496 PMCID: PMC10401430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic undernutrition is a major cause of death for children under five, leaving survivors at risk for adverse long-term consequences. This review focuses on the role of nutrients in normal intestinal development and function, from the intestinal epithelium, to the closely-associated mucosal immune system and intestinal microbiota. We examine what is known about the impacts of undernutrition on intestinal physiology, with focus again on the same systems. We provide a discussion of existing animal models of undernutrition, and review the evidence demonstrating that correcting undernutrition alone does not fully ameliorate effects on intestinal function, the microbiome, or growth. We review efforts to treat undernutrition that incorporate data indicating that improved recovery is possible with interventions focused not only on delivery of sufficient energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients, but also on efforts to correct the abnormal intestinal microbiome that is a consequence of undernutrition. Understanding of the role of the intestinal microbiome in the undernourished state and correction of the phenotype is both complex and a subject that holds great potential to improve recovery. We conclude with critical unanswered questions in the field, including the need for greater mechanistic research, improved models for the impacts of undernourishment, and new interventions that incorporate recent research gains. This review highlights the importance of understanding the mechanistic effects of undernutrition on the intestinal ecosystem to better treat and improve long-term outcomes for survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F. Andres
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Yang Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Madeline Kuhn
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Brian Scottoline
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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20
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Zhu H, Miao R, Tao X, Wu J, Liu L, Qu J, Liu H, Sun Y, Li L, Qu Y. Longitudinal Changes in Milk Microorganisms in the First Two Months of Lactation of Primiparous and Multiparous Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1923. [PMID: 37370433 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present experiment was carried out to analyze the longitudinal changes in milk microorganisms. For this purpose, milk samples were collected from 12 healthy cows (n = 96; six primiparous cows and six multiparous cows) at eight different time points. The characteristics and variations in microbial composition were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. In the primiparous group, higher and more stable alpha diversity was observed in transitional and mature milk compared with the colostrum, with no significant difference in alpha diversity at each time point in the multiparous group. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota were the most dominant phyla, and Pseudomonas, UCG-005, Acinetobacter, Vibrio, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Serratia, Staphylococcus, and Glutamicibacter were the most dominant genera in both primiparous and multiparous cow milk. Some typically gut-associated microbes, such as Bacteroides, UCG-005, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, etc., were enriched in the two groups. Biomarker taxa with the day in time (DIM) were identified by a random forest algorithm, with Staphylococcus showing the highest degree of interpretation, and the difference in milk microbiota between the two groups was mainly reflected in 0 d-15 d. Additionally, network analysis suggested that there were bacteria associated with the total protein content in milk. Collectively, our results disclosed the longitudinal changes in the milk microbiota of primiparous and multiparous cows, providing further evidence in dairy microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- College of Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Renfang Miao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xinxu Tao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jianhao Wu
- Bright Farming Co., Ltd., No. 1518, West Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Licheng Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation, No. 101 Xiangfu Road, Herbin 150038, China
| | - Jiachen Qu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yanting Sun
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, No. 99 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710064, China
| | - Lingyan Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yongli Qu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinyang Road, Daqing 163319, China
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21
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Kouete MT, Bletz MC, LaBumbard BC, Woodhams DC, Blackburn DC. Parental care contributes to vertical transmission of microbes in a skin-feeding and direct-developing caecilian. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:28. [PMID: 37189209 PMCID: PMC10184399 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our current understanding of vertebrate skin and gut microbiomes, and their vertical transmission, remains incomplete as major lineages and varied forms of parental care remain unexplored. The diverse and elaborate forms of parental care exhibited by amphibians constitute an ideal system to study microbe transmission, yet investigations of vertical transmission among frogs and salamanders have been inconclusive. In this study, we assess bacteria transmission in Herpele squalostoma, an oviparous direct-developing caecilian in which females obligately attend juveniles that feed on their mother's skin (dermatophagy). RESULTS We used 16S rRNA amplicon-sequencing of the skin and gut of wild caught H. squalostoma individuals (males, females, including those attending juveniles) as well as environmental samples. Sourcetracker analyses revealed that juveniles obtain an important portion of their skin and gut bacteria communities from their mother. The contribution of a mother's skin to the skin and gut of her respective juveniles was much larger than that of any other bacteria source. In contrast to males and females not attending juveniles, only the skins of juveniles and their mothers were colonized by bacteria taxa Verrucomicrobiaceae, Nocardioidaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae. In addition to providing indirect evidence for microbiome transmission linked to parental care among amphibians, our study also points to noticeable differences between the skin and gut communities of H. squalostoma and that of many frogs and salamanders, which warrants further investigation. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to find strong support for vertical bacteria transmission attributed to parental care in a direct-developing amphibian species. This suggests that obligate parental care may promote microbiome transmission in caecilians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel T Kouete
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Molly C Bletz
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | | | - Douglas C Woodhams
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - David C Blackburn
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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22
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Melekoglu E, Yılmaz B, Çevik A, Gökyıldız Sürücü Ş, Avcıbay Vurgeç B, Gözüyeşil E, Sharma H, Boyan N, Ozogul F. The Impact of the Human Milk Microbiota in the Prevention of Disease and Infant Health. Breastfeed Med 2023. [PMID: 37140562 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2022.0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Human milk is recognized as an ideal food for newborns and infants owing to the presence of various nutritive factors, including healthy bacteria. Aim/Objective: This review aimed to understand the effects of human milk microbiota in both the prevention of disease and the health of infants. Methods: Data were obtained from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, clinical trial registries, Dergipark, and Türk Atıf Dizini up to February 2023 without language restrictions. Results: It is considered that the first human milk microbiota ingested by the newborn creates the initial microbiome of the gut system, which in turn influences the development and maturation of immunity. Bacteria present in human milk modulate the anti-inflammatory response by releasing certain cytokines, protecting the newborn against certain infections. Therefore, certain bacterial strains isolated from human milk could serve as potential probiotics for various therapeutic applications. Conclusions: In this review, the origin and significance of human milk bacteria have been highlighted along with certain factors influencing the composition of human milk microbiota. In addition, it also summarizes the health benefits of human milk as a protective agent against certain diseases and ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Melekoglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Birsen Yılmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ayseren Çevik
- Department of Midwifery, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | | | | | - Ebru Gözüyeşil
- Department of Midwifery, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Heena Sharma
- Food Technology Lab, Dairy Technology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Neslihan Boyan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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23
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Li Y, Yang C, Jiang Y, Wang X, Yuan C, Qi J, Yang Q. Characteristics of the nasal mucosa of commercial pigs during normal development. Vet Res 2023; 54:37. [PMID: 37095544 PMCID: PMC10123470 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal mucosa is constantly exposed to inhaled pathogens and is the first defence against respiratory infections. Here, we investigated the structural and compositional characteristics of the nasal mucosa of commercial pigs at various growth stages. The epithelial thickness, number of capillaries, and secretion function of the nasal mucosa dramatically increased with age; however, underlying lymphoid follicles in the respiratory region were rarely observed across the growth stages. The nasal mucosa was explored at the epithelial, immunological, and biological (commensal microbiota) barriers. In the epithelial barrier, the proliferative capacity of the nasal epithelia and the expression of tight junction proteins were high after birth; however, they decreased significantly during the suckling stage and increased again during the weaning stage. In the immunological barrier, most pattern recognition receptors were expressed at very low levels in neonatal piglets, and the innate immune cell distribution was lower. During the suckling stage, increased expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 was observed; however, TLR3 expression decreased. TLR expression and innate immune cell quantity significantly increased from the weaning to the finishing stage. In the biological barrier, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes comprised the dominant phyla in neonatal piglets. A dramatic decrease in nasal microbial diversity was observed during the suckling stage, accompanied by an increase in potentially pathogenic bacteria. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were identified as the core phyla of the nasal microbiota; among these, the three dominant genera, Actinobacter, Moraxella, and Bergerella, may be opportunistic pathogens in the respiratory tract. These characteristics comprise an essential reference for respiratory infection prevention at large-scale pig farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengjie Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqi Jiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuyu Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Yuan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxin Qi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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24
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Wang K, Xia X, Sun L, Wang H, Li Q, Yang Z, Ren J. Microbial Diversity and Correlation between Breast Milk and the Infant Gut. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091740. [PMID: 37174279 PMCID: PMC10178105 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is significant for infants to grow and develop in the early stages of life. The breast milk microbiota directly or indirectly influences colonizing and the development of early infant intestinal microbiota. Therefore, we wanted to study the microbial diversity and correlation between breast milk and the infant gut. By sequencing the 16S rRNA V3-V4 regions of microbiome in infant feces 1, 14, 20, 30, and 90 days after delivery as well as those in breast milk using Illumina NovaSeq, we studied the component of microbiome in both human milk and infant stools, analyzed the diversity of microbiota, and explored the relationship between them. We found that the richest bacteria in breast milk were Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Sphingopyxis, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus, with a small amount of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Klebsiella. The infant feces were abundant in Bifidobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Serratia, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus, with a small number of Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas. Acinetobacter, Bifidobacterium, Klebsiella, and Lactobacillus appeared in the breast milk and infant feces, suggesting that they were transferred from the breast milk to the infant's gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiufang Xia
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lina Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qiu Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jing Ren
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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25
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Su F, Li J, Xue Y, Yu B, Ye S, Xu L, Fu Y, Yuan X. Early Oral Administration of Ginseng Stem-Leaf Saponins Enhances the Peyer's Patch-Dependent Maternal IgA Antibody Response to a PEDV Inactivated Vaccine in Mice, with Gut Microbiota Involvement. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040830. [PMID: 37112742 PMCID: PMC10143706 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal piglets during the first week of life are highly susceptible to porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) infection, with mortality rates reaching 80-100%. Passive lactogenic immunity remains the most effective way to protect neonates from infection. Although safe, inactivated vaccines provide little or no passive protection. Here, we administered ginseng stem-leaf saponins (GSLS) to mice before parenteral immunization with an inactivated PEDV vaccine to investigate the effect of GSLS on the gut-mammary gland (MG)-secretory IgA axis. Early oral GSLS administration potently increased PEDV-specific IgA plasma cell generation in the intestine, facilitated intestinal IgA plasma cell migration to the MG by enhancing the chemokine receptor (CCR)10-chemokine ligand (CCL)28 interaction, and ultimately promoted specific IgA secretion into milk, which was dependent on Peyer's patches (PPs). Additionally, GSLS improved the gut microbiota composition, especially increasing probiotic abundance, and these microflora members promoted the GSLS-enhanced gut-MG-secretory IgA axis response and were regulated by PPs. In summary, our findings highlight the potential of GSLS as an oral adjuvant for PEDV-inactivated vaccines and provide an attractive vaccination strategy for lactogenic immunity induction in sows. Further studies are required to evaluate the mucosal immune enhancement efficacy of GSLS in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Su
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Junxing Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Yin Xue
- Zhejiang Center of Animal Disease Control, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Shiyi Ye
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Yuan Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Xiufang Yuan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
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26
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Donovan SM, Aghaeepour N, Andres A, Azad MB, Becker M, Carlson SE, Järvinen KM, Lin W, Lönnerdal B, Slupsky CM, Steiber AL, Raiten DJ. Evidence for human milk as a biological system and recommendations for study design-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 4. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117 Suppl 1:S61-S86. [PMID: 37173061 PMCID: PMC10356565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk contains all of the essential nutrients required by the infant within a complex matrix that enhances the bioavailability of many of those nutrients. In addition, human milk is a source of bioactive components, living cells and microbes that facilitate the transition to life outside the womb. Our ability to fully appreciate the importance of this matrix relies on the recognition of short- and long-term health benefits and, as highlighted in previous sections of this supplement, its ecology (i.e., interactions among the lactating parent and breastfed infant as well as within the context of the human milk matrix itself). Designing and interpreting studies to address this complexity depends on the availability of new tools and technologies that account for such complexity. Past efforts have often compared human milk to infant formula, which has provided some insight into the bioactivity of human milk, as a whole, or of individual milk components supplemented with formula. However, this experimental approach cannot capture the contributions of the individual components to the human milk ecology, the interaction between these components within the human milk matrix, or the significance of the matrix itself to enhance human milk bioactivity on outcomes of interest. This paper presents approaches to explore human milk as a biological system and the functional implications of that system and its components. Specifically, we discuss study design and data collection considerations and how emerging analytical technologies, bioinformatics, and systems biology approaches could be applied to advance our understanding of this critical aspect of human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Martin Becker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Susan E Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kirsi M Järvinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weili Lin
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Raiten
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Taylor R, Keane D, Borrego P, Arcaro K. Effect of Maternal Diet on Maternal Milk and Breastfed Infant Gut Microbiomes: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061420. [PMID: 36986148 PMCID: PMC10051234 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
While it is widely recognized that nutrition during pregnancy and lactation can affect the microbiome of breast milk as well as the formation of the infant gut microbiome, we are only just beginning to understand the extent to which maternal diet impacts these microbiomes. Given the importance of the microbiome for infant health, we conducted a comprehensive review of the published literature to explore the current scope of knowledge regarding associations between maternal diet and the breast milk and infant gut microbiomes. Papers included in this review assessed either diet during lactation or pregnancy, and the milk and/or infant gut microbiome. Sources included cohort studies, randomized clinical trials, one case-control study, and one crossover study. From an initial review of 808 abstracts, we identified 19 reports for a full analysis. Only two studies assessed the effects of maternal diet on both milk and infant microbiomes. Although the reviewed literature supports the importance of a varied, nutrient-dense maternal diet in the formation of the infant’s gut microbiome, several studies found factors other than maternal diet to have a greater impact on the infant microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Taylor
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Deirdre Keane
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Paulina Borrego
- Science & Engineering Library, University of Massachusetts, Lederle Grad Research Ctr Low-Rise, 740 N Pleasant St Rm A273, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kathleen Arcaro
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-413-577-1823
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Liu S, Zhang Z, Ma L. A Review Focusing on Microbial Vertical Transmission during Sow Pregnancy. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020123. [PMID: 36851427 PMCID: PMC9967962 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are closely related to the body's physiological activities and growth and development of the body, and participate in many physiological metabolic activities. Analysis of the structure and source of early colonizing bacteria in the intestinal tract of humans and rodents shows that early colonizing bacteria in the intestinal tract of mammals have solid maternal characteristics, and maternal microbes play an essential role in the formation of progeny intestinal flora. The placental microbiome, maternal microbiome and breast milk microbiome are currently hot topics in the field of life science. This paper discusses the vertical transmission and endogenous sources of the mother-to-piglet microbiome through these three pathways, aiming to provide a new research idea for intervention in the intestinal microbiome in young piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Liu
- Jiangxi Haida Feed Co., Ltd., Nanchang 331700, China
| | - Zixi Zhang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Longteng Ma
- Jiangxi Haida Feed Co., Ltd., Nanchang 331700, China
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence:
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Balouei F, Stefanon B, Sgorlon S, Sandri M. Factors Affecting Gut Microbiota of Puppies from Birth to Weaning. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040578. [PMID: 36830365 PMCID: PMC9951692 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The review described the most important factors affecting the development of the intestinal microbiota in puppies from birth to weaning. The health and well-being of the microbiome in puppies is influenced by the type of parturition, the maternal microbiota, and the diet of the mother, directly or indirectly. The isolation of bacteria in dogs from the placenta, fetal fluids, and fetuses suggests that colonization could occur before birth, although this is still a matter of debate. Accordingly, newborn puppies could harbor bacteria that could be of maternal origin and that could influence microbial colonization later in life. However, the long-term impacts on health and the clinical significance of this transfer is not yet clear and needs to be investigated. The same maternal bacteria were found in puppies that were born vaginally and in those delivered via cesarean section. Potentially, the relationship between the type of parturition and the colonization of the microbiome will influence the occurrence of diseases, since it can modulate the gut microbiome during early life. In addition, puppies' gut microbiota becomes progressively more similar to adult dogs at weaning, as a consequence of the transition from milk to solid food that works together with behavioral factors. A number of researches have investigated the effects of diet on the gut microbiota of dogs, revealing that dietary interference may affect the microbial composition and activity through the production of short-chain fatty acids and vitamins. These compounds play a fundamental role during the development of the fetus and the initial growth of the puppy. The composition of the diet fed during pregnancy to the bitches is also an important factor to consider for the health of newborns. As far as it is known, the effects of the type of parturition, the maternal microbiota, and the diet on the microbial colonization and the long-term health of the dogs deserve further studies. Definitely, longitudinal studies with a larger number of dogs will be required to assess a causal link between microbiome composition in puppies and diseases in adult dogs.
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Lif Holgerson P, Esberg A, West CE, Johansson I. The breast milk and childhood gastrointestinal microbiotas and disease outcomes: a longitudinal study. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:570-578. [PMID: 36216869 PMCID: PMC9988688 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to characterize breast milk microbiota and define associations with saliva and fecal microbiota and selected diseases in preschool children. METHODS In a longitudinal cohort study, the microbiotas from breast milk, mouth, and fecal samples were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Questionnaires and medical records provided information on demographics, medical, and dental data. RESULTS The phylogeny in breast milk, saliva swabs, and feces differed at all levels (p < 0.0003), though all harbored species in Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Haemophilus. Species richness was highest in breast milk with increasing resemblance with the oral swab microbiota by increasing age. Caries-affected children at age 5 had been fed breast milk with tenfold higher abundance of caries-associated bacteria, e.g., Streptococcus mutans, than caries-free children (p < 0.002). At that age, taxa, e.g., Neisseria sicca were overrepresented in saliva swabs of children with otitis media (LDA score >2, p < 0.05). Gut symbionts, e.g., Bacteroides, were underrepresented in 3-month fecal samples in children later diagnosed with allergic disease (LDA score >2, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Distinct microbiotas for the three sources were confirmed, though resemblance between milk and oral swab microbiota increased by age. Future studies should evaluate if the observed associations with disease outcomes are causal. IMPACT Few studies have studied the association between breast milk microbiota and gastrointestinal microbiota beyond early infancy. The present study confirms distinct microbiota profiles in breast milk, saliva swabs, and feces in infancy and indicates increasing resemblance between breast milk and the oral microbiota by increasing age. The fecal microbiota at 3 months was associated with later allergic disease; the saliva microbiota by age 5 differed between children with and without otitis media at the same age; and children with caries by age 5 had been fed breast milk with a higher abundance of caries-associated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Lif Holgerson
- Department of Odontology, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Anders Esberg
- Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christina E West
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Johansson
- Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Early life gut microbiota profiles linked to synbiotic formula effects: a randomized clinical trial in European infants. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:326-339. [PMID: 36811568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract after birth is an essential event that influences infant health with life-long consequences. Therefore, it is important to investigate strategies to positively modulate colonization in early life. OBJECTIVES This randomized, controlled intervention study included 540 infants to investigate the effects of a synbiotic intervention formula (IF) containing Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 and galacto-oligosaccharides on the fecal microbiome. METHODS The fecal microbiota from infants was analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing at 4, 12, and 24 months of age. Metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) and other milieu parameters (e.g., pH, humidity, and IgA) were also measured in stool samples. RESULTS Microbiota profiles changed with age, with major differences in diversity and composition. Significant effects of the synbiotic IF compared with control formula (CF) were visible at month 4, including higher occurrence of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillaceae and lower occurrence of Blautia spp., as well as Ruminoccocus gnavus and relatives. This was accompanied by lower fecal pH and concentrations of butyrate. After de novo clustering at 4 months of age, overall phylogenetic profiles of the infants receiving IF were closer to reference profiles of those fed with human milk than infants fed CF. The changes owing to IF were associated with fecal microbiota states characterized by lower occurrence of Bacteroides compared with higher levels of Firmicutes (valid name Bacillota), Proteobacteria (valid name Pseudomonadota), and Bifidobacterium at 4 months of age. These microbiota states were linked to higher prevalence of infants born by Cesarean section. CONCLUSIONS The synbiotic intervention influenced fecal microbiota and milieu parameters at an early age depending on the overall microbiota profiles of the infants, sharing a few similarities with breastfed infants. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02221687.
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Abstract
Human breast milk is the optimal nutrition for all infants and is comprised of many bioactive and immunomodulatory components. The components in human milk, such as probiotics, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), extracellular vesicles, peptides, immunoglobulins, growth factors, cytokines, and vitamins, play a critical role in guiding neonatal development beyond somatic growth. In this review, we will describe the bioactive factors in human milk and discuss how these factors shape neonatal immunity, the intestinal microbiome, intestinal development, and more from the inside out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Andres
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric GI Division, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97229, United States
| | - Brian Scottoline
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Misty Good
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, Campus Box 7596, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Roager HM, Stanton C, Hall LJ. Microbial metabolites as modulators of the infant gut microbiome and host-microbial interactions in early life. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2192151. [PMID: 36942883 PMCID: PMC10038037 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2192151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of infant gut microbiome is a pivotal process affecting the ecology and function of the microbiome, as well as host health. While the establishment of the infant microbiome has been of interest for decades, the focus on gut microbial metabolism and the resulting small molecules (metabolites) has been rather limited. However, technological and computational advances are now enabling researchers to profile the plethora of metabolites in the infant gut, allowing for improved understanding of how gut microbial-derived metabolites drive microbiome community structuring and host-microbial interactions. Here, we review the current knowledge on development of the infant gut microbiota and metabolism within the first year of life, and discuss how these microbial metabolites are key for enhancing our basic understanding of interactions during the early life developmental window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik M. Roager
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Lindsay J. Hall
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich, UK
- Intestinal Microbiome, School of Life Sciences, ZIEL – Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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34
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Zheng X, Kamat AM, Cao M, Kottapalli AGP. Wavy Whiskers in Wakes: Explaining the Trail-Tracking Capabilities of Whisker Arrays on Seal Muzzles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203062. [PMID: 36403235 PMCID: PMC9839859 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seals can detect prey up to 180 m away using only their flow-sensing whiskers. The unique undulating morphology of Phocid seal whiskers reduces vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs), rendering seals highly sensitive to biologically relevant flow stimuli. In this work, digital models of harbor and grey seal whiskers are extracted using 3D scanning and a mathematical framework that accurately recreates their undulating geometry is proposed. Through fluid-structure interaction studies and experimental investigations involving a whisker array mounted on 3D-printed microelectromechanical systems sensors, the vibration characteristics of the whisker array and the interaction between neighboring whiskers in steady flows and fish-wake-like vortices are explained for the first time. Results reveal that the downstream vortices intensity and resulting VIVs are consistently lower for grey than harbor seal whiskers and a smooth cylinder, suggesting that the grey seal whisker geometry can be an ideal template for the biomimetic design of VIV-resistant underwater structures. In addition, neighboring whiskers in an array influence one another by resulting in greater flow vorticity fluctuation and distribution area, thus causing increased vibrations than an isolated whisker, which indicates the possibility of a signal-strengthening effect in whisker arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Zheng
- Discrete Technology and Production Automation GroupEngineering and Technology Institute GroningenFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenGroningen9747AGThe Netherlands
- Advanced Production Engineering GroupEngineering and Technology Institute GroningenFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenGroningen9747AGThe Netherlands
| | - Amar M. Kamat
- Advanced Production Engineering GroupEngineering and Technology Institute GroningenFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenGroningen9747AGThe Netherlands
| | - Ming Cao
- Discrete Technology and Production Automation GroupEngineering and Technology Institute GroningenFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenGroningen9747AGThe Netherlands
| | - Ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli
- Advanced Production Engineering GroupEngineering and Technology Institute GroningenFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenGroningen9747AGThe Netherlands
- MIT Sea Grant College ProgramMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
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Sindi AS, Cheema AS, Trevenen ML, Geddes DT, Payne MS, Stinson LF. Characterisation of human milk bacterial DNA profiles in a small cohort of Australian women in relation to infant and maternal factors. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280960. [PMID: 36696407 PMCID: PMC9876237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk is composed of complex microbial and non-microbial components that shape the infant gut microbiome. Although several maternal and infant factors have been associated with human milk microbiota, no study has investigated this in an Australian population. Therefore, we aimed to investigate associations between human milk bacterial composition of Australian women and maternal factors (body mass index (BMI), mode of delivery, breast pump use, allergy, parity) and infant factors (sex, mode of feeding, pacifier use, and introduction of solids). Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterise milk bacterial DNA profiles. Milk from mothers with a normal BMI had a higher relative abundance of Streptococcus australis than that of underweight mothers, while milk from overweight mothers had a higher relative abundance of Streptococcus salivarius compared with underweight and obese mothers. Mothers who delivered vaginally had a higher relative abundance of Streptococcus mitis in their milk compared to those who delivered via emergency caesarean section. Milk of mothers who used a breast pump had a higher relative abundance of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus parasanguinis. Milk of mothers whose infants used a pacifier had a higher relative abundance of S. australis and Streptococcus gwangjuense. Maternal BMI, mode of delivery, breast pump use, and infant pacifier use are associated with the bacterial composition of human milk in an Australian cohort. The data from this pilot study suggests that both mother and infant can contribute to the human milk microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar S Sindi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Cheema
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle L Trevenen
- Centre for Applied Statistics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew S Payne
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Women and Infants Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa F Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Li Y, Ren L, Wang Y, Li J, Zhou Q, Peng C, Li Y, Cheng R, He F, Shen X. The Effect of Breast Milk Microbiota on the Composition of Infant Gut Microbiota: A Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245397. [PMID: 36558556 PMCID: PMC9781472 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that breast milk microbiota and an infant’s gut microbiota are related. This study aimed to compare the effects of breast milk microbiota on the construction and colonization of gut microbiota in newborns. In this study, 23 healthy infants were selected and divided into a breastfeeding group (13) and a mixed feeding group (10) based on the feeding method within one month of age. Infant fecal and breast milk samples were collected on the day of birth (0 day) and 30 days after birth (30 days) for 16S rRNA second-generation sequencing and SCFA detection. The results showed that Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota on day 0 and Firmicutes and Proteobacteria on 30 d dominated breast milk gut microbiota. There were correlations between the breast milk microbiota and the infant gut microbiota in each group (p < 0.05). Additionally, breast milk microbiota correlated more significantly with infants’ SCFAs in the breastfeeding group than in the mixed feeding group. This study showed that breast milk microbiota partially influences the construction of infant gut microbiota, with some key strains having a crucial influence, such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Enterobacter. However, the effect of breast milk microbiota on infant gut microbiota is not through direct strain transmission but has been indirectly influenced, which may be related to the cross-feeding effect mediated by SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Hebei Inatural Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050899, China
| | - Yunyi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Nutrition, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences•Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Chenrui Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
| | - Ruyue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-152-0821-3847
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Human Milk Microbiome and Microbiome-Related Products: Potential Modulators of Infant Growth. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235148. [PMID: 36501178 PMCID: PMC9737635 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant growth trajectory may influence later-life obesity. Human milk provides a wide range of nutritional and bioactive components that are vital for infant growth. Compared to formula-fed infants, breastfed infants are less likely to develop later-onset obesity, highlighting the potential role of bioactive components present in human milk. Components of particular interest are the human milk microbiota, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and antimicrobial proteins, each of which influence the infant gut microbiome, which in turn has been associated with infant body composition. SCFAs and antimicrobial proteins from human milk may also systemically influence infant metabolism. Although inconsistent, multiple studies have reported associations between HMOs and infant growth, while studies on other bioactive components in relation to infant growth are sparse. Moreover, these microbiome-related components may interact with each other within the mammary gland. Here, we review the evidence around the impact of human milk microbes, HMOs, SCFAs, and antimicrobial proteins on infant growth. Breastfeeding is a unique window of opportunity to promote optimal infant growth, with aberrant growth trajectories potentially creating short- and long-term public health burdens. Therefore, it is important to understand how bioactive components of human milk influence infant growth.
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38
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The conundrum of breast cancer and microbiome - A comprehensive review of the current evidence. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 111:102470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Banić M, Butorac K, Čuljak N, Leboš Pavunc A, Novak J, Bellich B, Kazazić S, Kazazić S, Cescutti P, Šušković J, Zucko J, Kos B. The Human Milk Microbiota Produces Potential Therapeutic Biomolecules and Shapes the Intestinal Microbiota of Infants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214382. [PMID: 36430861 PMCID: PMC9699365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk not only provides a perfect balance of nutrients to meet all the needs of the infant in the first months of life but also contains a variety of bacteria that play a key role in tailoring the neonatal faecal microbiome. Microbiome analysis of human milk and infant faeces from mother-breastfed infant pairs was performed by sequencing the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform. According to the results, there is a connection in the composition of the microbiome in each mother-breastfed infant pair, supporting the hypothesis that the infant's gut is colonised with bacteria from human milk. MiSeq sequencing also revealed high biodiversity of the human milk microbiome and the infant faecal microbiome, whose composition changes during lactation and infant development, respectively. A total of 28 genetically distinct strains were selected by hierarchical cluster analysis of RAPD-PCR (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction) electrophoresis profiles of 100 strains isolated from human milk and identified by 16S RNA sequencing. Since certain cellular molecules may support their use as probiotics, the next focus was to detect (S)-layer proteins, bacteriocins and exopolysaccharides (EPSs) that have potential as therapeutic biomolecules. SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl-Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) coupled with LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis revealed that four Levilactobacillus brevis strains expressed S-layer proteins, which were identified for the first time in strains isolated from human milk. The potential biosynthesis of plantaricin was detected in six Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains by PCR analysis and in vitro antibacterial studies. 1H NMR (Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) analysis confirmed EPS production in only one strain, Limosilactobacillus fermentum MC1. The overall microbiome analysis suggests that human milk contributes to the establishment of the intestinal microbiota of infants. In addition, it is a promising source of novel Lactobacillus strains expressing specific functional biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Banić
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Butorac
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nina Čuljak
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Leboš Pavunc
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Novak
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Bellich
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Ed. C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Saša Kazazić
- The Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Kazazić
- The Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Ed. C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jagoda Šušković
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jurica Zucko
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blaženka Kos
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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Karampatsas K, Faal A, Jaiteh M, Garcia-Perez I, Aller S, Shaw AG, Kopytek A, Witney AA, Le Doare K. Gastrointestinal, vaginal, nasopharyngeal, and breast milk microbiota profiles and breast milk metabolomic changes in Gambian infants over the first two months of lactation: A prospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31419. [PMID: 36401392 PMCID: PMC9678627 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota composition in breast milk affects intestinal and respiratory microbiota colonization and the mucosal immune system's development in infants. The metabolomic content of breast milk is thought to interact with the microbiota and may influence developing infant immunity. One hundred seven Gambian mothers and their healthy, vaginally delivered, exclusively breastfed infants were included in our study. We analyzed 32 breast milk samples, 51 maternal rectovaginal swabs and 30 infants' rectal swabs at birth. We also analyzed 9 breast milk samples and 18 infants' nasopharyngeal swabs 60 days post-delivery. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to determine the microbiota composition. Metabolomic profiling analysis was performed on colostrum and mature breast milk samples using a multiplatform approach combining 1-H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Bacterial communities were distinct in composition and diversity across different sample types. Breast milk composition changed over the first 60 days of lactation. α-1,4- and α-1,3-fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides, and other 33 key metabolites in breast milk (monosaccharides, sugar alcohols and fatty acids) increased between birth and day 60 of life. This study's results indicate that infant gut and respiratory microbiota are unique bacterial communities, distinct from maternal gut and breast milk, respectively. Breast milk microbiota composition and metabolomic profile change throughout lactation. These changes may contribute to the infant's immunological, metabolic, and neurological development and could consist the basis for future interventions to correct disrupted early life microbial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Karampatsas
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
- * Correspondence: Konstantinos Karampatsas, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, Jenner Wing, Level 2, SW17 0RE London, UK (e-mail: )
| | - Amadou Faal
- Medical Research Council The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Mustapha Jaiteh
- Medical Research Council The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Isabel Garcia-Perez
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sean Aller
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexander G. Shaw
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aleksandra Kopytek
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam A. Witney
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Kirsty Le Doare
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
- Medical Research Council The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
- Medical Research Council Uganda, Virus Research Institute, Uganda
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Edwards CA, Van Loo-Bouwman CA, Van Diepen JA, Schoemaker MH, Ozanne SE, Venema K, Stanton C, Marinello V, Rueda R, Flourakis M, Gil A, Van der Beek EM. A systematic review of breast milk microbiota composition and the evidence for transfer to and colonisation of the infant gut. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:365-382. [PMID: 36377578 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays a major role in infant health and development. However, the role of the breastmilk microbiota in infant gut colonisation remains unclear. A systematic review was performed to evaluate the composition of the breastmilk microbiota and evidence for transfer to/colonisation of the infant gut. Searches were performed using PUBMED, OVID, LILACS and PROQUEST from inception until 18th March 2020 with a PUBMED update to December 2021. 88 full texts were evaluated before final critique based on study power, sample contamination avoidance, storage, purification process, DNA extraction/analysis, and consideration of maternal health and other potential confounders. Risk of skin contamination was reduced mainly by breast cleaning and rejecting the first milk drops. Sample storage, DNA extraction and bioinformatics varied. Several studies stored samples under conditions that may selectively impact bacterial DNA preservation, others used preculture reducing reliability. Only 15 studies, with acceptable sample size, handling, extraction, and bacterial analysis, considered transfer of bacteria to the infant. Three reported bacterial transfer from infant to breastmilk. Despite consistent evidence for the breastmilk microbiota, and recent studies using improved methods to investigate factors affecting its composition, few studies adequately considered transfer to the infant gut providing very little evidence for effective impact on gut colonisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Edwards
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle St, Glasgow G4 0SF, United Kingdom
| | - C A Van Loo-Bouwman
- Yili Innovation Center Europe, Bronland 12 E-1, 6708 WH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J A Van Diepen
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt|Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Middenkampweg 2, 6545 CJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M H Schoemaker
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt|Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Middenkampweg 2, 6545 CJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - S E Ozanne
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, P.O. Box 289, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - K Venema
- Department of Human Biology, Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University - Campus Venlo, P.O. Box 8, 5900 AA Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - C Stanton
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, and APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - V Marinello
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle St, Glasgow G4 0SF, United Kingdom
| | - R Rueda
- R&D Department, Abbott Nutrition, Cam. de Purchil, 68, 18004 Granada, Spain
| | - M Flourakis
- ILSI Europe a.i.s.b.l., E. Mounierlaan 83, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; correspondence has been taken over by C.-Y. Chang of ILSI Europe
| | - A Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Mataix,' Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18100, Armilla, Grenada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - E M Van der Beek
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Wang Y, Wang J, Yu D, Zou J, Zhang C, Yan H, Ye X, Chen Y. Microbial Community Structure of Colostrum in Women with Antibiotic Exposure Immediately After Delivery. Breastfeed Med 2022; 17:940-946. [PMID: 36378822 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2022.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The microbial community in human milk is associated with many maternal and neonatal factors. This study aimed to investigate the effect of antibiotic exposure on the microbial community structure of colostrum. Methods: Twenty women with antibiotic treatment immediately after delivery and 10 age-matched control women were enrolled at the Guangdong Women and Children Hospital. Colostrum samples were collected within postpartum 30 hours. The V4 variable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to characterize the microbial profile using Illumina MiSeq platform. Results: Phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the predominant bacteria in colostrum samples. The core and abundant genera in colostrum included Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas. Compared with the control group, principal coordinate analysis based on the Bray-Curtis distance showed a significant difference in milk microbial community in women with antibiotic exposure, accompanied by a significantly lower alpha diversity and a different microbial ecological network. Furthermore, the relative abundances of genera Actinomyces, Anaerobacter, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto significantly decreased after antibiotic treatment. Conclusions: This study provided evidence of alterations in the colostrum microbial community with antibiotic exposure, improving our understanding of the effects of antibiotic treatment on the milk microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- Neonatal Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junping Wang
- Neonatal Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongling Yu
- Neonatal Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zou
- Neonatal Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Neonatal Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiheng Yan
- Neonatal Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhen Ye
- Neonatal Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunbin Chen
- Neonatal Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Zeng S, Wang S, Ross RP, Stanton C. The road not taken: host genetics in shaping intergenerational microbiomes. Trends Genet 2022; 38:1180-1192. [PMID: 35773025 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The early-life gut microbiome is linked to human phenotypes as an imbalanced microbiome of this period is implicated in diseases throughout life. Several determinants of early-life gut microbiome are explored, however, mechanisms of acquisition, colonization, and stability of early-life gut microbiome and their interindividual variability remain elusive. Host genetics play a vital role to shape the gut microbiome and interact with it to modulate individual phenotypes in human studies and animal models. Given the microbial linkage between host generations, we discuss the current state of roles of host genetics in forming intergenerational microbiomes associated with mothers, offspring, and those vertically transmitted, providing a basis for taking into account host genetics in future early-life microbiome research. We further expand our discussion to the bidirectional interactions between host gene expression and microbiome in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
| | - Shaopu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
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Du Y, Qiu Q, Cheng J, Huang Z, Xie R, Wang L, Wang X, Han Z, Jin G. Comparative study on the microbiota of colostrum and nipple skin from lactating mothers separated from their newborn at birth in China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:932495. [PMID: 36262322 PMCID: PMC9574262 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.932495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing studies have found breast milk (BM) contains its own microbiota. However, the route through which microbes enter the BM is still unclear. In order to verify the entero-mammary pathway of BM, we designed a rigorous study that prevented oral bacteria from contaminating the breast and nipple skin (NS) during baby nursing. Thirty-one healthy, postpartum mothers living in southern China who were immediately separated from their newborn after delivery were enrolled in this study. Using an aseptic protocol for sampling, sterile water was used to wash the NS and was then collected. Then the first drop of BM was discarded and colostrum was collected manually. Amplicon sequencing was performed targeting the V3–V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, and the differences between the microbiota of the colostrum and NS were analyzed. Additionally, the effects of environmental factors, such as the delivery mode and intrapartum antibiotic exposure, on the diversity of the colostrum microbiota were also analyzed. We found significant differences in the α diversity and richness between the BM and NS as evidenced by richness, Chao1, and Simpson indices. There were 170 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) shared by colostrum and NS, while 111 and 87 OTUs were unique, respectively, as well as a clear distinction in OTUs was observed by unifrac binary analysis between them. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis found that anaerobes, such as Bifidobacterium and Pantoea at the genus level and enterobacteria including Enterobacteriaceae at the family level, were predominant in the colostrum, while the predominant bacteria on the NS were Bacteroides, Staphylococcus, and Parabacteroides at the genus level. BM is colonized by bacteria prior to baby suckling, and the diversity of the colostrum microbiota differs from that of the NS. The predominant microbiota taxa in BM indicated that they were likely to be transferred to the breast through the intestinal tract. Our study provides direct evidence for the revolutionary active migration hypothesis. Additionally, factors like intrapartum antibiotic exposure did not significantly affect the diversity of the microbiota in the BM. Therefore, it is suggested that mothers continue to provide BM for their newborns during separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Du
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Qiu
- Department of Women Health Care, Shenzhen Luohu Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhili Huang
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruixia Xie
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Delivery Center, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Xiangyu Wang,
| | - Zongli Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zongli Han,
| | - Gang Jin
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
- Gang Jin,
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Luo S, Wang Y, Kang X, Liu P, Wang G. Research progress on the association between mastitis and gastrointestinal microbes in dairy cows and the effect of probiotics. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105809. [PMID: 36183956 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis in dairy cows affects milk quality and thereby constrains the development of the dairy industry. A clear understanding of the pathogenesis of mastitis can help its treatment. Mastitis is caused by the invasion of pathogenic bacteria into the mammary gland through the mammary ducts. However, recent studies suggested that an endogenous entero-mammary pathway in dairy cattle might also be playing an important role in regulating mastitis. Also, probiotic intervention regulating host gut microbes has become an interesting tool to control mastitis. This review discusses the association of gastrointestinal microbes with mastitis and the mechanism of action of probiotics in dairy cows to provide new ideas for the management of mastitis in large-scale dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Luo
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xinyun Kang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China.
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Stinson LF, Ma J, Sindi AS, Geddes DT. Methodological approaches for studying the human milk microbiome. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:705-715. [PMID: 36130405 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk contains a low-biomass, low-diversity microbiome, consisting largely of bacteria. This community is of great research interest in the context of infant health and maternal and mammary health. However, this sample type presents many unique methodological challenges. In particular, there are numerous technical considerations relating to sample collection and storage, DNA extraction and sequencing, viability, and contamination. Failure to properly address these challenges may lead to distortion of bacterial DNA profiles generated from human milk samples, ultimately leading to spurious conclusions. Here, these technical challenges are discussed, and various methodological approaches used to address them are analyzed. Data were collected from studies in which a breadth of methodological approaches were used, and recommendations for robust and reproducible analysis of the human milk microbiome are proposed. Such methods will ensure high-quality data are produced in this field, ultimately supporting better research outcomes for mothers and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Azhar S Sindi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,is with the College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Davis EC, Castagna VP, Sela DA, Hillard MA, Lindberg S, Mantis NJ, Seppo AE, Järvinen KM. Gut microbiome and breast-feeding: Implications for early immune development. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:523-534. [PMID: 36075638 PMCID: PMC9463492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Establishment of the gut microbiome during early life is a complex process with lasting implications for an individual's health. Several factors influence microbial assembly; however, breast-feeding is recognized as one of the most influential drivers of gut microbiome composition during infancy, with potential implications for function. Differences in gut microbial communities between breast-fed and formula-fed infants have been consistently observed and are hypothesized to partially mediate the relationships between breast-feeding and decreased risk for numerous communicable and noncommunicable diseases in early life. Despite decades of research on the gut microbiome of breast-fed infants, there are large scientific gaps in understanding how human milk has evolved to support microbial and immune development. This review will summarize the evidence on how breast-feeding broadly affects the composition and function of the early-life gut microbiome and discuss mechanisms by which specific human milk components shape intestinal bacterial colonization, succession, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Davis
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY
| | | | - David A Sela
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Mass; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Mass; Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Mass
| | - Margaret A Hillard
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Mass; Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Mass
| | - Samantha Lindberg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Albany, Rensselaer, NY
| | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY
| | - Antti E Seppo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY
| | - Kirsi M Järvinen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY; Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY.
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Porro M, Kundrotaite E, Mellor DD, Munialo CD. A narrative review of the functional components of human breast milk and their potential to modulate the gut microbiome, the consideration of maternal and child characteristics, and confounders of breastfeeding, and their impact on risk of obesity later in life. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:597-609. [PMID: 36048515 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional exposure and, therefore, the metabolic environment during early human development can affect health later in life. This can go beyond the nutrients consumed; there is evidence that the development and modulation of the gut microbiome during early life can affect human growth, development, and health, and the gut microbiome is associated with the risk of obesity later in life. The primary aim of this review was to evaluate existing evidence, to identify the components of human breast milk, which may modulate the gut microbiome, and to assess the impact of the gut microbiome on the risk of becoming obese later in life. This review also considers maternal and child characteristics, and confounders of breastfeeding and how they impact on the infant gut microbiome. Current evidence supports a positive association between fecal, branched short-chain fatty acids and human milk oligosaccharide diversity and a gut microbiome associated with better metabolic health. A negative correlation was found between microbiome diversity and human milk oligosaccharide evenness, which was associated with a greater fat mass and percentage of fat. The components of human breast milk, including oligosaccharides, probiotics, milk fat globule membrane, and adiponectin, were hypothesized to positively influence infant growth and body weight by modulating the microbial diversity and composition of the gut. Maternal diet, timing and duration of breast feeding, and the mode of delivery were all shown to affect the human milk microbiota. However, more experimental studies with long follow-up are required to shed light on the governing mechanisms linking breast milk components with a diverse infant microbiome and healthier body weight later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Porro
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.,Mondelēz UK R&D Limited, Bournville, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Kundrotaite
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Duane D Mellor
- Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Claire D Munialo
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Jeong S. Factors influencing development of the infant microbiota: from prenatal period to early infancy. Clin Exp Pediatr 2022; 65:439-447. [PMID: 34942687 PMCID: PMC9441613 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2021.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During early life, the gut microbial composition rapidly changes by maternal microbiota composition, delivery mode, infant feeding mode, antibiotic usage, and various environmental factors, such as the presence of pets and siblings. An integrative study on the diet, the microbiota, and genomic activity at the transcriptomic level may give an insight into the role of diet in shaping the human/microbiome relationship. Disruption in the gut microbiota (i.e., gut dysbiosis) has been linked to necrotizing enterocolitis in infancy, as well as some chronic diseases in later, including obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, allergies, and asthma. Therefore, understanding the impact of maternal-to-infant transfer of dysbiotic microbes and then modifying infant early colonization or correcting early-life gut dysbiosis might be a potential strategy to overcome chronic health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Jeong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Ding M, Chen H, Yu R, Ross RP, Stanton C, Zhang H, Yang B, Chen W. Shared and Non-Shared sIgA-Coated and -Uncoated Bacteria in Intestine of Mother–Infant Pairs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179873. [PMID: 36077271 PMCID: PMC9456154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The infant gut microbiota is critical for promoting and maintaining early-life health. The study aimed to analyze the composition of sIgA-coated and sIgA-uncoated bacterial communities at genus level and lactobacilli and bifidobacterial communities at species level in human breast milk (HBM) and infant and maternal feces. Eleven pregnant women were recruited successfully. HBM; infant feces during colostrum, transition, and mature stages; and maternal feces within the mature stage were collected. sIgA-coated and sIgA-uncoated bacteria were separated with magnetic-activated cell sorting. Then, 16S rRNA sequencing, bifidobacterial groEL gene sequencing, and lactobacilli groEL gene sequencing were performed to analyze the bacterial community. PCoA revealed that the compositions of sIgA-coated and sIgA-uncoated bacteria were different among HBM and infant and maternal feces. Higher relative abundance of sIgA-uncoated Bifidobacterium was found in the three lactation stages in infant feces compared to the corresponding HBM, and a higher relative abundance of sIgA-uncoated Faecalibacterium was found in maternal feces compared to HBM and infant feces. For bifidobacterial community, sIgA-coated and sIgA-uncoated B. longum subsp. infantis and B. pseudocatenulatum was dominant in infant feces and maternal feces, respectively. The relative abundance of sIgA-uncoated B. longum subsp. infantis was significantly higher in infant feces compared to that in maternal feces. For the Lactobacillus community, L. paragasseri and L. mucosae were dominant in infant and maternal feces, respectively. HBM and infant and maternal feces showed distinct diversity and composition of both sIgA-coated and sIgA-uncoated bacteria at genus level. Infant and maternal feces showed similar composition of Bifidobacterium at species level. The same Bifidobacterium species could be detected both in sIgA-coated and -uncoated form. This article provided deeper understanding on the microbiota profile in HBM and infant and maternal feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (B.Y.)
| | - Reynolds Paul Ross
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (B.Y.)
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China
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