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Kantapan J, Katsube T, Wang B. High-Fat Diet and Altered Radiation Response. BIOLOGY 2025; 14:324. [PMID: 40282189 PMCID: PMC12024794 DOI: 10.3390/biology14040324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2025] [Revised: 03/11/2025] [Accepted: 03/19/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFDs) have become increasingly prevalent in modern societies, driving rising rates of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Concurrently, radiation exposure from medical treatments and environmental sources poses health risks shaped by both biological and environmental factors. This review explores the intersection between HFDs and radiation sensitivity/susceptibility, focusing on how diet-induced metabolic alterations influence the body's response to radiation. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies indicates that HFDs significantly alter metabolism, leading to increased oxidative stress and immune system dysregulation. These metabolic changes can exacerbate radiation-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage, potentially increasing radiation sensitivity in normal tissues. Conversely, obesity and HFD-induced metabolic disruptions may activate cellular pathways involved in DNA repair, cell survival, and inflammatory responses, fostering tumor resistance and modifying the tumor microenvironment, which may impair the efficacy of radiation therapy in cancer treatment. Understanding the interplay between diet and radiation exposure is critical for optimizing public health guidelines and improving therapeutic outcomes. These findings underscore the need for further research into dietary interventions that may mitigate radiation-associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Kantapan
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Takanori Katsube
- Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
| | - Bing Wang
- Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
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2
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Rai V. High-Fat Diet, Epigenetics, and Atherosclerosis: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 17:127. [PMID: 39796562 PMCID: PMC11722563 DOI: 10.3390/nu17010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2024] [Revised: 12/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease developing and progressing in the presence of risk factors including hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and chronic inflammation, among others. Atherosclerosis commonly precipitates as ischemic events, transient ischemic attacks, and myocardial infarction. Saturated fatty acids are risk factors; however, their association with epigenetics in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis is not clearly understood. The preclinical and clinical trials associating atherosclerosis with epigenetics are scarcely documented, and most of the studies reported the use of drugs inhibiting methylation and histone modification to improve atherosclerosis. This narrative review aims to discuss various aspects and the association between a high-fat diet, epigenetic reprogramming, and atherosclerosis. METHODS A literature search with the keywords high-fat diet, epigenetics, and atherosclerosis, alone or in combination, was conducted to search for articles in the English language. Duplicate articles were removed, and articles related to the subject of this review article were included in this review. RESULTS A review of the literature suggests that a high-fat diet with saturated fatty acids is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, but this association is multifactorial, and epigenetics play a critical role. However, the connecting link and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are not clearly understood yet and warrant more research. CONCLUSIONS A high-fat diet rich in saturated fatty acids is a risk factor for atherosclerosis involving epigenetic reprogramming and altered gene expression. The existing preclinical and clinical trials support the role of epigenetics and reversing it using drugs to attenuate atherosclerosis, but definitive evidence warrants larger clinical trials. Further, a high-fat diet in pregnant mothers can manifest as cardiovascular disease in offspring; caution must be taken in pregnant mothers for their diet and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Burdusel D, Doeppner TR, Surugiu R, Hermann DM, Olaru DG, Popa-Wagner A. The Intersection of Epigenetics and Senolytics in Mechanisms of Aging and Therapeutic Approaches. Biomolecules 2024; 15:18. [PMID: 39858413 PMCID: PMC11762397 DOI: 10.3390/biom15010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2024] [Revised: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
The biological process of aging is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. Recent advancements in the fields of epigenetics and senolytics offer promising avenues for understanding and addressing age-related diseases. Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, with mechanisms like DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation playing critical roles in aging. Senolytics, a class of drugs targeting and eliminating senescent cells, address the accumulation of dysfunctional cells that contribute to tissue degradation and chronic inflammation through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. This scoping review examines the intersection of epigenetic mechanisms and senolytic therapies in aging, focusing on their combined potential for therapeutic interventions. Senescent cells display distinct epigenetic signatures, such as DNA hypermethylation and histone modifications, which can be targeted to enhance senolytic efficacy. Epigenetic reprogramming strategies, such as induced pluripotent stem cells, may further complement senolytics by rejuvenating aged cells. Integrating epigenetic modulation with senolytic therapy offers a dual approach to improving healthspan and mitigating age-related pathologies. This narrative review underscores the need for continued research into the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions and suggests future directions for therapeutic development, including clinical trials, biomarker discovery, and combination therapies that synergistically target aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Burdusel
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.B.); (R.S.); (D.M.H.)
| | - Thorsten R. Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University of Giessen Medical School, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roxana Surugiu
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.B.); (R.S.); (D.M.H.)
| | - Dirk M. Hermann
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.B.); (R.S.); (D.M.H.)
- Chair of Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Denissa Greta Olaru
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.B.); (R.S.); (D.M.H.)
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.B.); (R.S.); (D.M.H.)
- Chair of Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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4
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Bi F, Gao C, Guo H. Epigenetic regulation of cardiovascular diseases induced by behavioral and environmental risk factors: Mechanistic, diagnostic, and therapeutic insights. FASEB Bioadv 2024; 6:477-502. [PMID: 39512842 PMCID: PMC11539034 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2024-00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Behavioral and environmental risk factors are critical in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these risk factors will offer valuable insights for targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, noncoding RNA (ncRNA) expression, and epitranscriptomic modifications, have emerged as key mediators connecting behavioral and environmental risk factors to CVD risk and progression. These epigenetic alterations can profoundly impact on cardiovascular health and susceptibility to CVD by influencing cellular processes, development, and disease risk over an individual's lifetime and potentially across generations. This review examines how behavioral and environmental risk factors affect CVD risk and health outcomes through epigenetic regulation. We review the epigenetic effects of major behavioral risk factors (such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and obesity) and environmental risk factors (including air and noise pollution) in the context of CVD pathogenesis. Additionally, we explore epigenetic biomarkers, considering their role as causal or surrogate indicators, and discuss epigenetic therapeutics targeting the mechanisms through which these risk factors contribute to CVD. We also address future research directions and challenges in leveraging epigenetic insights to reduce the burden of CVD related to behavioral and environmental factors and improve public health outcomes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of behavioral and environmental epigenetics in CVD and offer valuable strategies for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Bi
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Chen Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Hongchao Guo
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
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5
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Bontempo P, Capasso L, De Masi L, Nebbioso A, Rigano D. Therapeutic Potential of Natural Compounds Acting through Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Diseases: Current Findings and Future Directions. Nutrients 2024; 16:2399. [PMID: 39125279 PMCID: PMC11314203 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality. These diseases have a multifaceted nature being influenced by a multitude of biochemical, genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Epigenetic modifications have a crucial role in the onset and progression of CVD. Epigenetics, which regulates gene activity without altering the DNA's primary structure, can modulate cardiovascular homeostasis through DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation. The effects of environmental stimuli on CVD are mediated by epigenetic changes, which can be reversible and, hence, are susceptible to pharmacological interventions. This represents an opportunity to prevent diseases by targeting harmful epigenetic modifications. Factors such as high-fat diets or nutrient deficiencies can influence epigenetic enzymes, affecting fetal growth, metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that plant-derived bioactive compounds can modulate epigenetic regulators and inflammatory responses, contributing to the cardioprotective effects of diets. Understanding these nutriepigenetic effects and their reversibility is crucial for developing effective interventions to combat CVD. This review delves into the general mechanisms of epigenetics, its regulatory roles in CVD, and the potential of epigenetics as a CVD therapeutic strategy. It also examines the role of epigenetic natural compounds (ENCs) in CVD and their potential as intervention tools for prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Lucia Capasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Luigi De Masi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Chu J, Tian J, Li P, Fu D, Guo L, Sun R. The impact of AIM2 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis on acute gouty arthritis and asymptomatic hyperuricemia patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1386939. [PMID: 39100670 PMCID: PMC11294203 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1386939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the role of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of acute gouty arthritis (AGA) and asymptomatic hyperuricemia(AHU). Methods A cohort of 30 AGA patients, 30 AHU individuals, and 30 healthy controls (HC) was assembled. Demographic and biochemical data, along with blood samples, were collected. Serum double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) levels were quantified using a fluorescent assay. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of AIM2, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed using qRT-PCR and Western blot. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure serum IL-1β and IL-18. Spearman correlation analysis was utilized to assess relationships between variables. Results Both AGA and AHU groups demonstrated elevated metabolic indicators and serum levels of dsDNA, IL-1β, and IL-18 compared to the HC group. AGA patients exhibited higher inflammatory markers than the AHU group. In the AGA group, there was a significant increase in the mRNA and protein levels of AIM2, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 (P<0.05 to P<0.001). The AHU group showed higher AIM2, Caspase-1, GSDMD, and IL-18 mRNA levels than the HC group (P<0.001 to P<0.01), with a non-significant increase in AIM2, GSDMD, and IL-1β proteins (P>0.05). In contrast, Caspase-1 and IL-18 proteins were significantly higher in the AHU group (P<0.05). Notable correlations were observed between AIM2 protein expression and levels of Caspase-1 and GSDMD in both AGA and AHU groups. In the AGA group, AIM2 protein correlated with IL-1β, but not in the AHU group. The AIM2 protein in the AHU group was positively associated with IL-18, with no such correlation in the AGA group. Conclusion AIM2 inflammasome may play a role in the inflammatory processes of AGA and AHU and that its activation may be related to the pyroptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyan Chu
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Diyu Fu
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Walewska A, Janucik A, Tynecka M, Moniuszko M, Eljaszewicz A. Mesenchymal stem cells under epigenetic control - the role of epigenetic machinery in fate decision and functional properties. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:720. [PMID: 37932257 PMCID: PMC10628230 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (mesenchymal stromal cells, MSC) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into cells of at least three mesodermal lineages, namely adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes, and have potent immunomodulatory properties. Epigenetic modifications are critical regulators of gene expression and cellular differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Epigenetic machinery controls MSC differentiation through direct modifications to DNA and histones. Understanding the role of epigenetic machinery in MSC is crucial for the development of effective cell-based therapies for degenerative and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of epigenetic control of MSC differentiation and immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Walewska
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Janucik
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marlena Tynecka
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland.
- Tissue and Cell Bank, Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-069, Bialystok, Poland.
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8
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Terra MF, García-Arévalo M, Avelino TM, Degaki KY, de Carvalho M, Torres FR, Saito A, Figueira ACM. Obesity-Linked PPARγ Ser273 Phosphorylation Promotes Beneficial Effects on the Liver, despite Reduced Insulin Sensitivity in Mice. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040632. [PMID: 37189379 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the removal of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) from the market, researchers have been exploring alternative anti-diabetic drugs that target PPARγ without causing adverse effects while promoting insulin sensitization by blocking serine 273 phosphorylation (Ser273 or S273). Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between insulin resistance and S273 phosphorylation are still largely unknown, except for the involvement of growth differentiation factor (GDF3) regulation in the process. To further investigate potential pathways, we generated a whole organism knockin mouse line with a single S273A mutation (KI) that blocks the occurrence of its phosphorylation. Our observations of KI mice on different diets and feeding schedules revealed that they were hyperglycemic, hypoinsulinemic, presented more body fat at weaning, and presented an altered plasma and hepatic lipid profile, distinctive liver morphology and gene expression. These results suggest that total blockage of S273 phosphorylation may have unforeseen effects that, in addition to promoting insulin sensitivity, could lead to metabolic disturbances, particularly in the liver. Therefore, our findings demonstrate both the beneficial and detrimental effects of PPAR S273 phosphorylation and suggest selective modulation of this post translational modification is a viable strategy to treat type 2 diabetes.
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Recent Advances in the Knowledge of the Mechanisms of Leptin Physiology and Actions in Neurological and Metabolic Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021422. [PMID: 36674935 PMCID: PMC9860943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight is frequently associated with low-grade inflammation. Evidence indicates a relationship between obesity and cancer, as well as with other diseases, such as diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, in which inflammation and the actions of various adipokines play a role in the pathological mechanisms involved in these disorders. Leptin is mainly produced by adipose tissue in proportion to fat stores, but it is also synthesized in other organs, where leptin receptors are expressed. This hormone performs numerous actions in the brain, mainly related to the control of energy homeostasis. It is also involved in neurogenesis and neuroprotection, and central leptin resistance is related to some neurological disorders, e.g., Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. In peripheral tissues, leptin is implicated in the regulation of metabolism, as well as of bone density and muscle mass. All these actions can be affected by changes in leptin levels and the mechanisms associated with resistance to this hormone. This review will present recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of leptin action and their underlying roles in pathological situations, which may be of interest for revealing new approaches for the treatment of diseases where the actions of this adipokine might be compromised.
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Chowdhury SG, Misra S, Karmakar P. Understanding the Impact of Obesity on Ageing in the Radiance of DNA Metabolism. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:314-328. [PMID: 37248755 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1912-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a multi-factorial phenomenon which is considered as a major risk factor for the development of neurodegeneration, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, dementia, cancer, and other chronic diseases. Phenotypically, ageing is related with a combination of molecular, cellular, and physiological levels like genomic and epi-genomic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulation of cellular and subcellular function and mitochondrial dysfunction. Though, no single molecular mechanism accounts for the functional decline of different organ systems in older humans but accumulation of DNA damage or mutations is a dominant theory which contributes largely to the development of ageing and age-related diseases. However, mechanistic, and hierarchical order of these features of ageing has not been clarified yet. Scientific community now focus on the effect of obesity on accelerated ageing process. Obesity is a complex chronic disease that affects multiple organs and tissues. It can not only lead to various health conditions such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease but also can decrease life expectancy which shows similar phenotype of ageing. Higher loads of DNA damage were also observed in the genome of obese people. Thus, inability of DNA damage repair may contribute to both ageing and obesity apart from cancer predisposition. The present review emphasizes on the involvement of molecular phenomenon of DNA metabolism in development of obesity and how it accelerates ageing in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Chowdhury
- Parimal Karmakar, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.
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KENANOGLU SERCAN, GOKCE NURIYE, AKALIN HILAL, ERGOREN MAHMUTCERKEZ, BECCARI TOMMASO, BERTELLI MATTEO, DUNDAR MUNIS. Implication of the Mediterranean diet on the human epigenome. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E44-E55. [PMID: 36479488 PMCID: PMC9710399 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics, defined as "hereditary changes in gene expression that occur without any change in the DNA sequence", consists of various epigenetic marks, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. The epigenome, which has a dynamic structure in response to intracellular and extracellular stimuli, has a key role in the control of gene activity, since it is located at the intersection of cellular information encoded in the genome and molecular/chemical information of extracellular origin. The focus shift of studies to epigenetic reprogramming has led to the formation and progressive importance of a concept called "nutriepigenetics", whose aim is to prevent diseases by intervening on nutrition style. Among the diet types adopted in the world, the renowned Mediterranean Diet (MD), being rich in unsaturated fatty acids and containing high levels of whole grain foods and large quantities of fruits, vegetables, and legumes, has shown numerous advantages in excluding chronic diseases. Additionally, the fact that this diet is rich in polyphenols with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties has an undeniable effect in turning some cellular pathways against the disease. It is also apparent that the effects of polyphenols on the epigenome cause changes in mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation/deacetylation, which have a regulatory effect on gene regulation. This review presents the effects of long-term consumption of nutrients from the MD on the epigenome and discusses the benefits of this diet in the treatment and even prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- SERCAN KENANOGLU
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - NURIYE GOKCE
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - HILAL AKALIN
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - MAHMUT CERKEZ ERGOREN
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - TOMMASO BECCARI
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | - MUNIS DUNDAR
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Correspondence: Munis Dundar, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey. E-mail:
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12
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Prasad M, Rajagopal P, Devarajan N, Veeraraghavan VP, Palanisamy CP, Cui B, Patil S, Jayaraman S. A comprehensive review on high fat diet-induced diabetes mellitus: An epigenetic view. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109037. [PMID: 35533900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Modern lifestyle, genetics, nutritional overload through high-fat diet attributed prevalence and diabetes outcomes with various complications primarily due to obesity in which energy-dense diets frequently affect metabolic health. One possible issue usually associated with elevated chronic fat intake is insulin resistance, and hyperglycaemia constitutes an important function in altering the carbohydrates and lipids metabolism. Similarly, in assessing human susceptibility to weight gain and obesity, genetic variations play a central role, contributing to keen interest in identifying the possible role of epigenetics as a mediator of gene-environmental interactions influencing the production of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related concerns. Epigenetic modifications associated with the acceptance of a sedentary lifestyle and environmental stress factors in response to energy intake and expenditure imbalances complement genetic alterations and lead to the production and advancement of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. Methylation of DNA, histone modifications and increases in the expression of non-coding RNAs can result in reduced transcriptional activity of key β-cell genes thus creating insulin resistance. Epigenetics contribute to changes in the expression of the underlying insulin resistance and insufficiency gene networks, along with low-grade obesity-related inflammation, increased ROS generation and DNA damage in multi organs. This review focused on epigenetic mechanisms and metabolic regulations associated with high fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Prasad
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and diagnostic (CoMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakhsi Ammal Dental College and Hospitals, Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600 095, India
| | - Nalini Devarajan
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakhsi Academy of Higher Education and Research, West K.K. Nagar, Chennai, 600 078, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and diagnostic (CoMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India.
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13
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de la Rocha C, Rodríguez-Ríos D, Ramírez-Chávez E, Molina-Torres J, de Jesús Flores-Sierra J, Orozco-Castellanos LM, Galván-Chía JP, Sánchez AV, Zaina S, Lund G. Cumulative Metabolic and Epigenetic Effects of Paternal and/or Maternal Supplementation with Arachidonic Acid across Three Consecutive Generations in Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061057. [PMID: 35326508 PMCID: PMC8947399 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from the known associations between arachidonic acid (AA), weight gain, and neurological and immune function, AA exposure leads to alterations in global and gene-specific DNA methylation (DNAm) and fatty acid (FA) content in human cultured cells. However, it is unknown as to whether the latter effects occur in vivo and are maintained over extended periods of time and across generations. To address this issue, we asked whether AA supplementation for three consecutive generations (prior to coitus in sires or in utero in dams) affected offspring growth phenotypes, in addition to liver DNAm and FA profiles in mice. Twelve-week-old BALB/c mice were exposed daily to AA dissolved in soybean oil (vehicle, VH), or VH only, for 10 days prior to mating or during the entire pregnancy (20 days). On average, 15 mice were supplemented per generation, followed by analysis of offspring body weight and liver traits (x average = 36 and 10 per generation, respectively). Body weight cumulatively increased in F2 and F3 offspring generations and positively correlated with milligrams of paternal or maternal offspring AA exposure. A concomitant increase in liver weight was observed. Notably, akin to AA-challenged cultured cells, global DNAm and cis-7-hexadecenoic acid (16:1n-9), an anti-inflammatory FA that is dependent on stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) activity, increased with milligrams of AA exposure. In accordance, liver Scd1 promoter methylation decreased with milligrams of germline AA exposure and was negatively correlated with liver weight. Our results show that mice retain cellular memories of AA exposure across generations that could potentially be beneficial to the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen de la Rocha
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato 36500, Mexico; (C.d.l.R.); (D.R.-R.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Dalia Rodríguez-Ríos
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato 36500, Mexico; (C.d.l.R.); (D.R.-R.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Enrique Ramírez-Chávez
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato 36500, Mexico; (E.R.-C.); (J.M.-T.)
| | - Jorge Molina-Torres
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato 36500, Mexico; (E.R.-C.); (J.M.-T.)
| | - José de Jesús Flores-Sierra
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato, León 37000, Mexico; (J.d.J.F.-S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Luis M. Orozco-Castellanos
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, Guanajuato Campus, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36000, Mexico; (L.M.O.-C.); (J.P.G.-C.)
| | - Juan P. Galván-Chía
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, Guanajuato Campus, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36000, Mexico; (L.M.O.-C.); (J.P.G.-C.)
| | - Atenea Vázquez Sánchez
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato 36500, Mexico; (C.d.l.R.); (D.R.-R.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Silvio Zaina
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato, León 37000, Mexico; (J.d.J.F.-S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Gertrud Lund
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato 36500, Mexico; (C.d.l.R.); (D.R.-R.); (A.V.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-462-623-9664
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14
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Viraragavan A, Willmer T, Patel O, Basson A, Johnson R, Pheiffer C. Cafeteria diet induces global and Slc27a3-specific hypomethylation in male Wistar rats. Adipocyte 2021; 10:108-118. [PMID: 33570456 PMCID: PMC7889207 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1886697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with metabolic dysfunction, while subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is considered protective. The mechanisms underlying these differences are not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate molecular differences in VAT and SAT of male Wistar rats fed a cafeteria diet (CD) or a standard rodent diet (STD) for three months. The expression of fatty acid metabolism genes was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR. Global and gene-specific DNA methylation was quantified using the Imprint® Methylated DNA Quantification Kit and pyrosequencing, respectively. Bodyweight, retroperitoneal fat mass, insulin resistance, leptin and triglyceride concentrations and adipocyte hypertrophy were higher in CD- compared to STD-fed rats. The expression of solute carrier family 27 member 3 (Slc27a3), a fatty acid transporter, was 9.6-fold higher in VAT and 6.3-fold lower in SAT of CD- versus STD-fed rats. Taqman probes confirmed increased Slc27a3 expression, while pyrosequencing showed Slc27a3 hypomethylation in VAT of CD- compared to STD-fed rats. The CD decreased global methylation in both VAT and SAT, although no depot differences were observed. Dysregulated fatty acid influx in VAT, in response to a CD, provides insight into the mechanisms underlying depot-differences in adipose tissue expansion during obesity and metabolic disease. Abbreviations: CD: cafeteria diet; E2F1: E2F Transcription Factor 1; EMSA: electrophoretic mobility shift assay; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; GCF: GC-Rich Sequence DNA-Binding Factor; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model for insulin resistance; NKX2-1: NK2 homeobox 1; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR; RF: retroperitoneal fat; SAT: subcutaneous adipose tissue; Slc27a3: solute carrier family 27 member 3; STD: standard diet; TNFα: tumour necrosis factor alpha; TTS: transcriptional start site; T2D: Type 2 Diabetes; VAT: visceral adipose tissue; WT1 I: Wilms’ tumour protein 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Amsha Viraragavan
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Tarryn Willmer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Oelfah Patel
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Albertus Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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15
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Zaiou M, Amrani R, Rihn B, Hajri T. Dietary Patterns Influence Target Gene Expression through Emerging Epigenetic Mechanisms in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1256. [PMID: 34572442 PMCID: PMC8468830 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the pathologic buildup of extra fat in the form of triglycerides in liver cells without excessive alcohol intake. NAFLD became the most common cause of chronic liver disease that is tightly associated with key aspects of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. It is generally accepted that multiple mechanisms and pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Heredity, sedentary lifestyle, westernized high sugar saturated fat diet, metabolic derangements, and gut microbiota, all may interact on a on genetically susceptible individual to cause the disease initiation and progression. While there is an unquestionable role for gene-diet interaction in the etiopathogenesis of NAFLD, it is increasingly apparent that epigenetic processes can orchestrate many aspects of this interaction and provide additional mechanistic insight. Exciting research demonstrated that epigenetic alterations in chromatin can influence gene expression chiefly at the transcriptional level in response to unbalanced diet, and therefore predispose an individual to NAFLD. Thus, further discoveries into molecular epigenetic mechanisms underlying the link between nutrition and aberrant hepatic gene expression can yield new insights into the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and allow innovative epigenetic-based strategies for its early prevention and targeted therapies. Herein, we outline the current knowledge of the interactive role of a high-fat high-calories diet and gene expression through DNA methylation and histone modifications on the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We also provide perspectives on the advancement of the epigenomics in the field and possible shortcomings and limitations ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zaiou
- The Jean-Lamour Institute, UMR 7198 CNRS, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Rim Amrani
- Department of Neonatology, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco;
| | - Bertrand Rihn
- The Jean-Lamour Institute, UMR 7198 CNRS, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Tahar Hajri
- Department of Human Ecology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 1191, USA;
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Fortunato IM, dos Santos TW, Ferraz LFC, Santos JC, Ribeiro ML. Effect of Polyphenols Intake on Obesity-Induced Maternal Programming. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072390. [PMID: 34371900 PMCID: PMC8308680 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess caloric intake and body fat accumulation lead to obesity, a complex chronic disease that represents a significant public health problem due to the health-related risk factors. There is growing evidence showing that maternal obesity can program the offspring, which influences neonatal phenotype and predispose offspring to metabolic disorders such as obesity. This increased risk may also be epigenetically transmitted across generations. Thus, there is an imperative need to find effective reprogramming approaches in order to resume normal fetal development. Polyphenols are bioactive compounds found in vegetables and fruits that exert its anti-obesity effect through its powerful anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Polyphenol supplementation has been proven to counteract the prejudicial effects of maternal obesity programming on progeny. Indeed, some polyphenols can cross the placenta and protect the fetal predisposition against obesity. The present review summarizes the effects of dietary polyphenols on obesity-induced maternal reprogramming as an offspring anti-obesity approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Monique Fortunato
- Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (T.W.d.S.); (L.F.C.F.)
| | - Tanila Wood dos Santos
- Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (T.W.d.S.); (L.F.C.F.)
| | - Lucio Fábio Caldas Ferraz
- Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (T.W.d.S.); (L.F.C.F.)
| | - Juliana Carvalho Santos
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.S.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (T.W.d.S.); (L.F.C.F.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.S.); (M.L.R.)
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17
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Hajri T, Zaiou M, Fungwe TV, Ouguerram K, Besong S. Epigenetic Regulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Mediates High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1355. [PMID: 34072832 PMCID: PMC8229510 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in Western countries and has become a serious public health concern. Although Western-style dietary patterns, characterized by a high intake of saturated fat, is considered a risk factor for NAFLD, the molecular mechanisms leading to hepatic fat accumulation are still unclear. In this study, we assessed epigenetic regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), modifications of gene expression, and lipid uptake in the liver of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and in hepatocyte culture challenged with palmitic acid. Bisulfate pyrosequencing revealed that HFD reduced the level of cytosine methylation in the pparγ DNA promoter. This was associated with increased expression of the hepatic PPARγ, very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and cluster differentiating 36 (CD36), and enhanced uptake of fatty acids and very low-density lipoprotein, leading to excess hepatic lipid accumulation. Furthermore, palmitic acid overload engendered comparable modifications in hepatocytes, suggesting that dietary fatty acids contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD through epigenetic upregulation of PPARγ and its target genes. The significance of epigenetic regulation was further demonstrated in hepatocytes treated with DNA methylation inhibitor, showing marked upregulation of PPARγ and its target genes, leading to enhanced fatty acid uptake and storage. This study demonstrated that HFD-induction of pparγ DNA promoter demethylation increased the expression of PPARγ and its target genes, vldlr and cd36, leading to excess lipid accumulation, an important initiating mechanism by which HFD increased PPARγ and lipid accumulation. These findings provide strong evidence that modification of the pparγ promoter methylation is a crucial mechanism of regulation in NAFLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahar Hajri
- Department of Human Ecology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 1191, USA;
| | - Mohamed Zaiou
- The Jean-Lamour Institute, UMR 7198 CNRS, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Thomas V. Fungwe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA;
| | - Khadija Ouguerram
- UMR1280 PhAN, Physiopathology of Nutritional Adaptations, INRA, University of Nantes, CHU Hôtel Dieu, IMAD, CRNH Ouest, 44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Samuel Besong
- Department of Human Ecology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 1191, USA;
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18
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Lecoutre S, Maqdasy S, Breton C. Maternal obesity as a risk factor for developing diabetes in offspring: An epigenetic point of view. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:366-382. [PMID: 33889285 PMCID: PMC8040079 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the developmental origin of health and disease concept, the risk of many age-related diseases is not only determined by genetic and adult lifestyle factors but also by factors acting during early development. In particular, maternal obesity and neonatal accelerated growth predispose offspring to overweight and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood. This concept mainly relies on the developmental plasticity of adipose tissue and pancreatic β-cell programming in response to suboptimal milieu during the perinatal period. These changes result in unhealthy hypertrophic adipocytes with decreased capacity to store fat, low-grade inflammation and loss of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. Over the past years, many efforts have been made to understand how maternal obesity induces long-lasting adipose tissue and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in offspring and what are the molecular basis of the transgenerational inheritance of T2D. In particular, rodent studies have shed light on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in linking maternal nutritional manipulations to the risk for T2D in adulthood. In this review, we discuss epigenetic adipocyte and β-cell remodeling during development in the progeny of obese mothers and the persistence of these marks as a basis of obesity and T2D predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lecoutre
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141-86, Sweden
- University of Lille, EA4489, Maternal Malnutrition and Programming of Metabolic Diseases, Lille 59000, France
| | - Salwan Maqdasy
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141-86, Sweden
- Clermont-Ferrand CHU, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Clermont-Ferrand 63003, France
| | - Christophe Breton
- University of Lille, EA4489, Maternal Malnutrition and Programming of Metabolic Diseases, Lille 59000, France
- U1283-UMR8199-EGID, University of Lille, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lille 59000, France
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19
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Dou J, Puttabyatappa M, Padmanabhan V, Bakulski KM. Developmental programming: Adipose depot-specific transcriptional regulation by prenatal testosterone excess in a sheep model of PCOS. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 523:111137. [PMID: 33359827 PMCID: PMC7854529 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal testosterone (T)-treated female sheep manifest adipose depot-specific disruptions in inflammatory/oxidative state, adipocyte differentiation and thermogenic adipocyte distribution. The objective of this study was to identify common and divergent gene pathways underlying prenatal T excess-induced adipose depot-specific disruptions. RNA sequencing and network analyses were undertaken with visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT), epicardiac (ECAT) and perirenal (PRAT) adipose tissues from control and prenatal T-treated (100 mg T propionate twice a week from days 30-90 of gestation) female sheep at 21 months of age. Increased expression of adiposity and inflammation-related genes in VAT and genes that promote differentiation of white adipocytes in SAT were congruous with their metabolic roles with SAT favoring uptake/storage of free fatty acids and triglycerides and VAT favoring higher rate of fatty acid turnover and lipolysis. Selective upregulation of cardiac muscle and renoprotection genes in ECAT and PRAT respectively are suggestive of protective paracrine actions. Expression profile in prenatal T-treated sheep paralleled depot-specific dysfunctions with increased proinflammatory genes in VAT, reduced adipocyte differentiation genes in VAT and SAT and increased vascular related gene expression in PRAT. The high expression of genes involved in cardiomyocyte function in ECAT is suggestive of cardioprotective function being maintained to overcome the prenatal T-induced cardiac dysfunction and hypertension. These findings coupled with changes in gene pathways and networks involved in chromatin modification, extracellular matrix, immune and mitochondrial function, and endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport suggest that dysregulation in gene expression underlie prenatal T-treatment induced functional differences among adipose depots and manifestation of metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Kelly M Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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20
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Xiao Y, Liu D, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. Chronic stress, epigenetics, and adipose tissue metabolism in the obese state. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:88. [PMID: 33088334 PMCID: PMC7574417 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In obesity, endocrine and metabolic perturbations, including those induced by chronic activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, are associated with the accumulation of adipose tissue and inflammation. Such changes are attributable to a combination of genetic and epigenetic factors that are influenced by the environment and exacerbated by chronic activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Stress exposure at different life stages can alter adipose tissue metabolism directly through epigenetic modification or indirectly through the manipulation of hypothalamic appetite regulation, and thereby contribute to endocrine changes that further disrupt whole-body energy balance. This review synthesizes current knowledge, with an emphasis on human clinical trials, to describe metabolic changes in adipose tissue and associated endocrine, genetic and epigenetic changes in the obese state. In particular, we discuss epigenetic changes induced by stress exposure and their contribution to appetite and adipocyte dysfunction, which collectively promote the pathogenesis of obesity. Such knowledge is critical for providing future directions of metabolism research and targets for treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Mark A Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA.,School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA.,School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA
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21
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Willmer T, Goedecke JH, Dias S, Louw J, Pheiffer C. DNA methylation of FKBP5 in South African women: associations with obesity and insulin resistance. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:141. [PMID: 32958048 PMCID: PMC7507280 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a neuroendocrine system associated with the stress response, has been hypothesized to contribute to obesity development. This may be mediated through epigenetic modulation of HPA axis-regulatory genes in response to metabolic stressors. The aim of this study was to investigate adipose tissue depot-specific DNA methylation differences in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and its co-chaperone, FK506-binding protein 51 kDa (FKBP5), both key modulators of the HPA axis. METHODS Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue (GSAT) biopsies were obtained from a sample of 27 obese and 27 normal weight urban-dwelling South African women. DNA methylation and gene expression were measured by pyrosequencing and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. Spearman's correlation coefficients, orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and multivariable linear regression were performed to evaluate the associations between DNA methylation, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and key indices of obesity and metabolic dysfunction. RESULTS Two CpG dinucleotides within intron 7 of FKBP5 were hypermethylated in both ASAT and GSAT in obese compared to normal weight women, while no differences in GR methylation were observed. Higher percentage methylation of the two FKBP5 CpG sites correlated with adiposity (body mass index and waist circumference), insulin resistance (homeostasis model for insulin resistance, fasting insulin and plasma adipokines) and systemic inflammation (c-reactive protein) in both adipose depots. GR and FKBP5 mRNA levels were lower in GSAT, but not ASAT, of obese compared to normal weight women. Moreover, FKBP5 mRNA levels were inversely correlated with DNA methylation and positively associated with adiposity, metabolic and inflammatory parameters. CONCLUSIONS These findings associate dysregulated FKBP5 methylation and mRNA expression with obesity and insulin resistance in South African women. Additional studies are required to assess the longitudinal association of FKBP5 with obesity and associated co-morbidities in large population-based samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarryn Willmer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
| | - Julia H Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands, 7700, South Africa
| | - Stephanie Dias
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
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22
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Mishra AK, Ghosh AR. Probiotic Enterococcus faecalis AG5 mitigated high fat diet induced obesity and produced propionic acid stimulated apoptosis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte. Life Sci 2020; 261:118292. [PMID: 32822715 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Probiotics and their metabolites (SCFA) can regulate energy homeostasis. The present study thus evaluates the synergistic effect of probiotic Enterococcus faecalis AG5 on HFD induced obesity and the role of propionic acid (PA) in apoptosis induction of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were used to develop an HFD induced obesity model for 24 weeks. The effect of the orally administered probiotic AG5 (18th-24th weeks, 1 × 109 CFU/ml) was evaluated using physiological, biochemical, anthropometry, histopathological and serological analyses. Apoptosis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte was assessed using flow cytometry, protein expression of PPARγ, 5-LOX, NF-κB, p-AKT, caspase 10 and detection of caspase 3/7 by Immunofluorescence confirmed the apoptosis induced by PA. KEY FINDINGS Probiotic AG5 significantly reduced body weight, BMI, serum cholesterol, triglycerides (p < 0.05) and improved HDL, insulin and leptin but lowered LDL and VLDL (p > 0.05). An inflammatory response was reduced as evident by TNF-α IHC. AG5 reduced adipocyte hypertrophy and fatty acid accumulation. Flow cytometry confirmed late apoptosis in PA-AG5 and standard PA treated 3T3-L1 cells. 5-LOX inhibition is associated with apoptosis induction, and increased caspase 1p 10 is related to cell death initiation. The study initially showed a low PPARγ activity inhibiting 5-LOX which may relate to adipose apoptosis. Finally caspase 3/7 detection using immunofluorescence proved the role of PA in adipocyte apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE The present study is a novel approach towards obesity mitigation involving adipocyte apoptosis. The role of SCFA in adipocyte apoptosis is very limited which can prove to be novel therapeutic approach in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar Mishra
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Asit Ranjan Ghosh
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Lecoutre S, Kwok KHM, Petrus P, Lambert M, Breton C. Epigenetic Programming of Adipose Tissue in the Progeny of Obese Dams. Curr Genomics 2020; 20:428-437. [PMID: 32477000 PMCID: PMC7235387 DOI: 10.2174/1389202920666191118092852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept, maternal obesity and the resulting accelerated growth in neonates predispose offspring to obesity and associated metabolic diseases that may persist across generations. In this context, the adipose tissue has emerged as an important player due to its involvement in metabolic health, and its high potential for plasticity and adaptation to environmental cues. Recent years have seen a growing interest in how maternal obesity induces long-lasting adipose tissue remodeling in offspring and how these modifications could be transmitted to subsequent generations in an inter- or transgenerational manner. In particular, epigenetic mechanisms are thought to be key players in the developmental programming of adipose tissue, which may partially mediate parts of the transgenerational inheritance of obesity. This review presents data supporting the role of maternal obesity in the developmental programming of adipose tissue through epigenetic mechanisms. Inter- and transgenerational effects on adipose tissue expansion are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lecoutre
- University of Lille, EA4489, Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France.,Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kelvin H M Kwok
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Insitutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Petrus
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christophe Breton
- University of Lille, EA4489, Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France
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Malodobra-Mazur M, Cierzniak A, Dobosz T. Oleic acid influences the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells via DNA Methylation and may predispose to obesity and obesity-related disorders. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:230. [PMID: 31883537 PMCID: PMC6935146 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipogenesis is the process of adipocytes formation from unspecialized progenitor cells called mesenchymal stromal cells. Numerous mechanisms including epigenetic regulation modulate the correct progress of this process. Dietary exposures occurring over a specific period of time might cause long-lasting and even permanent changes in gene expression regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. For that reason, we investigated the adipogenesis of 3 T3-L1 cells with the excess of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and their influence on global and site-specific DNA methylation in these cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3T3-L1 cells were cultured in vitro to obtain 100% of confluence, then the adipogenesis was induced by a differentiation cocktail with the addition of the excess of 0.25 mM and 0.5 mM of palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0) and oleic (18:1n-9) acids. DNA and RNA were extracted at five-time points to assess the adipogenesis process. The phenotype of mature adipocytes (insulin sensitivity, adipokines secretion, fat content) was estimated in fully mature adipocytes. DNA methylation was investigated both during adipogenesis and in mature adipocytes. RESULTS Oleic acids stimulated expression of C/ebpα and Pparγ, which was correlated with lower methylation levels at promoters sites. Furthermore, cells cultured with an excess of oleic acid were characterized by higher lipid accumulation rate, higher leptin, and lower adiponectin secretion. Moreover, in all experimental cells, insulin signaling and glucose utilization were impaired. CONCLUSION Oleic acid affected the methylation of Pparγ and C/ebpα promoters, what correlated with higher expression. Furthermore, examined free fatty acids influenced the phenotype of mature adipocytes, especially insulin signaling pathway and adipokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Malodobra-Mazur
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Molecular Techniques Unit, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Aneta Cierzniak
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Molecular Techniques Unit, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Dobosz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Molecular Techniques Unit, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369, Wroclaw, Poland
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Effects of two types of energy restriction on methylation levels of adiponectin receptor 1 and leptin receptor overlapping transcript in a mouse mammary tumour virus-transforming growth factor- α breast cancer mouse model. Br J Nutr 2019; 125:1-9. [PMID: 31685042 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of adiponectin and leptin signalling pathways has been suggested to play important roles in the protective effects of energy restriction (ER) on mammary tumour (MT) development. To study the effects of ER on the methylation levels in adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and leptin receptor overlapping transcript (Leprot) genes using the pyrosequencing method in mammary fat pad tissue, mouse mammary tumour virus-transforming growth factor-α (MMTV-TGF-α) female mice were randomly assigned to ad libitum (AL), chronic ER (CER, 15 % ER) or intermittent ER (3 weeks AL and 1 week 60 % ER in cyclic periods) groups at 10 weeks of age until 82 weeks of age. The methylation levels of AdipoR1 in the CER group were higher than those in the AL group at week 49/50 (P < 0·05), while the levels of methylation for AdipoR1 and Leprot genes were similar among the other groups. Also, the methylation levels at CpG2 and CpG3 regions of the promoter region of the AdipoR1 gene in the CER group were three times higher (P < 0·05), while CpG1 island of Leprot methylation was significantly lower compared with the other groups (P < 0·05). Adiponectin and leptin gene expression levels were consistent with the methylation levels. We also observed a change with ageing in methylation levels of these genes. These results indicate that different types of ER modify methylation levels of AdipoR1 and Leprot in different ways and CER had a more significant effect on methylation levels of both genes. Epigenetic regulation of these genes may play important roles in the preventive effects of ER against MT development and ageing processes.
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26
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Huan T, Joehanes R, Song C, Peng F, Guo Y, Mendelson M, Yao C, Liu C, Ma J, Richard M, Agha G, Guan W, Almli LM, Conneely KN, Keefe J, Hwang SJ, Johnson AD, Fornage M, Liang L, Levy D. Genome-wide identification of DNA methylation QTLs in whole blood highlights pathways for cardiovascular disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4267. [PMID: 31537805 PMCID: PMC6753136 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) and integrating them with disease-associated variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) may illuminate functional mechanisms underlying genetic variant-disease associations. Here, we perform GWAS of >415 thousand CpG methylation sites in whole blood from 4170 individuals and map 4.7 million cis- and 630 thousand trans-meQTL variants targeting >120 thousand CpGs. Independent replication is performed in 1347 participants from two studies. By linking cis-meQTL variants with GWAS results for cardiovascular disease (CVD) traits, we identify 92 putatively causal CpGs for CVD traits by Mendelian randomization analysis. Further integrating gene expression data reveals evidence of cis CpG-transcript pairs causally linked to CVD. In addition, we identify 22 trans-meQTL hotspots each targeting more than 30 CpGs and find that trans-meQTL hotspots appear to act in cis on expression of nearby transcriptional regulatory genes. Our findings provide a powerful meQTL resource and shed light on DNA methylation involvement in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Huan
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
- The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Roby Joehanes
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ci Song
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fen Peng
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yichen Guo
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Mendelson
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chen Yao
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiantao Ma
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melissa Richard
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Golareh Agha
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lynn M Almli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen N Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshua Keefe
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Daniel Levy
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
- The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Wróblewski A, Strycharz J, Świderska E, Drewniak K, Drzewoski J, Szemraj J, Kasznicki J, Śliwińska A. Molecular Insight into the Interaction between Epigenetics and Leptin in Metabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081872. [PMID: 31408957 PMCID: PMC6723573 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is well-known that the deregulation of epigenetic machinery is a common biological event leading to the development and progression of metabolic disorders. Moreover, the expression level and actions of leptin, a vast adipocytokine regulating energy metabolism, appear to be strongly associated with epigenetics. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of the epigenetic regulation of leptin as well as the leptin-induced epigenetic modifications in metabolic disorders and associated phenomena. The collected data indicated that the deregulation of leptin expression and secretion that occurs during the course of metabolic diseases is underlain by a variation in the level of promoter methylation, the occurrence of histone modifications, along with miRNA interference. Furthermore, leptin was proven to epigenetically regulate several miRNAs and affect the activity of the histone deacetylases. These epigenetic modifications were observed in obesity, gestational diabetes, metabolic syndrome and concerned various molecular processes like glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, liver fibrosis, obesity-related carcinogenesis, adipogenesis or fetal/early postnatal programming. Moreover, the circulating miRNA profiles were associated with the plasma leptin level in metabolic syndrome, and miRNAs were found to be involved in hypothalamic leptin sensitivity. In summary, the evidence suggests that leptin is both a target and a mediator of epigenetic changes that develop in numerous tissues during metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wróblewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Świderska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Drewniak
- Student Scientific Society of the Civilization Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Józef Drzewoski
- Central Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Kasznicki
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
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Sex-Specific Differences in Fat Storage, Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Brain Structure in Juvenile HFD-Induced Obese Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081861. [PMID: 31405127 PMCID: PMC6723313 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex-specific differences play a role in metabolism, fat storage in adipose tissue, and brain structure. At juvenile age, brain function is susceptible to the effects of obesity; little is known about sex-specific differences in juvenile obesity. Therefore, this study examined sex-specific differences in adipose tissue and liver of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, and putative alterations between male and female mice in brain structure in relation to behavioral changes during the development of juvenile obesity. METHODS In six-week-old male and female Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice (n = 48), the impact of 18 weeks of HFD-feeding was examined. Fat distribution, liver pathology and brain structure and function were analyzed imunohisto- and biochemically, in cognitive tasks and with MRI. RESULTS HFD-fed female mice were characterized by an increased perigonadal fat mass, pronounced macrovesicular hepatic steatosis and liver inflammation. Male mice on HFD displayed an increased mesenteric fat mass, pronounced adipose tissue inflammation and microvesicular hepatic steatosis. Only male HFD-fed mice showed decreased cerebral blood flow and reduced white matter integrity. CONCLUSIONS At young age, male mice are more susceptible to the detrimental effects of HFD than female mice. This study emphasizes the importance of sex-specific differences in obesity, liver pathology, and brain function.
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Abstract
The twin epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are a serious health, social, and economic issue. The dysregulation of adipose tissue biology is central to the development of these two metabolic disorders, as adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in regulating whole-body metabolism and energy homeostasis (1). Accumulating evidence indicates that multiple aspects of adipose biology are regulated, in part, by epigenetic mechanisms. The precise and comprehensive understanding of the epigenetic control of adipose tissue biology is crucial to identifying novel therapeutic interventions that target epigenetic issues. Here, we review the recent findings on DNA methylation events and machinery in regulating the developmental processes and metabolic function of adipocytes. We highlight the following points: 1) DNA methylation is a key epigenetic regulator of adipose development and gene regulation, 2) emerging evidence suggests that DNA methylation is involved in the transgenerational passage of obesity and other metabolic disorders, 3) DNA methylation is involved in regulating the altered transcriptional landscape of dysfunctional adipose tissue, 4) genome-wide studies reveal specific DNA methylation events that associate with obesity and T2D, and 5) the enzymatic effectors of DNA methylation have physiological functions in adipose development and metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Sona Kang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
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Overexpression of DNMT3A promotes proliferation and inhibits differentiation of porcine intramuscular preadipocytes by methylating p21 and PPARg promoters. Gene 2019; 696:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Obesity, DNA Damage, and Development of Obesity-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051146. [PMID: 30845725 PMCID: PMC6429223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been recognized to increase the risk of such diseases as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. It indicates that obesity can impact genome stability. Oxidative stress and inflammation, commonly occurring in obesity, can induce DNA damage and inhibit DNA repair mechanisms. Accumulation of DNA damage can lead to an enhanced mutation rate and can alter gene expression resulting in disturbances in cell metabolism. Obesity-associated DNA damage can promote cancer growth by favoring cancer cell proliferation and migration, and resistance to apoptosis. Estimation of the DNA damage and/or disturbances in DNA repair could be potentially useful in the risk assessment and prevention of obesity-associated metabolic disorders as well as cancers. DNA damage in people with obesity appears to be reversible and both weight loss and improvement of dietary habits and diet composition can affect genome stability.
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Effect of Age, High-Fat Diet, and Rat Strain on Serum Biomarkers and Telomere Length and Global DNA Methylation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1996. [PMID: 30760804 PMCID: PMC6374545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to determine if age, diet, and genetic disposition (animal strain) in an animal model had early effects on specific molecular markers in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Three strains [Sprague-Dawley (SD), Fischer 344 (F344), and Brown-Norway (BN)] of male rats were maintained on a high-fat (HF) or regular diet. Blood was collected at 4, 12, and 24 wk to assess chemistry and to recover PBMCs. Triglycerides and body weight gain increased at all time points in the HF diet group for each strain. Telomere length in PBMCs decreased in the HF diet group compared to the regular diet group up to 24 wk in all strains. Telomere length decreased in PBMCs at 24 wk compared to baseline in all strains, indicating an age-related effect. These findings highlight that diet and age cause changes in PBMCs recovered from different strains of rats. The next tier of studies will examine the contribution of an occupational exposure (e.g., welding fume inhalation) in combination with diet, age, and strain, to assess changes in the molecular responses of isolated PBMCs. In addition, studies involving lifestyle exposure (e.g., tobacco smoke) are in the planning stages and will assess the long-term effects of exposure in our animal model.
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Moody L, Kougias D, Jung PM, Digan I, Hong A, Gorski A, Chen H, Juraska J, Pan YX. Perinatal phthalate and high-fat diet exposure induce sex-specific changes in adipocyte size and DNA methylation. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 65:15-25. [PMID: 30599393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors such as diet and endocrine-disrupting chemicals have individually been shown to mediate metabolic function. However, the underlying mechanism by which the combination disrupts adipocyte morphology and fat storage remains unknown. The current study evaluated early-life programming by diet and phthalate exposure. During gestation and lactation, pregnant Long-Evans hooded rat dams were fed either a control (C) or high-fat (HF) diet and were orally administered one of three phthalate dosages (0, 200 or 1000 μg/kg/day), yielding six groups of offspring: C-0, C-200, C-1000, HF-0, HF-200 and HF-1000. On postnatal day (PND) 90, gonadal fat pads were collected and analyzed for histology, gene expression and DNA methylation. Differences in body weight were observed only in males. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed larger adipocyte size in HF-0 vs. C-0 females. Exposure to 200 or 1000 μg/kg/day phthalates modulated diet-induced changes in adipose morphology. Compared to C-0 females, HF-0 females also had higher expression of the adipogenesis gene Wnt receptor, frizzled 1 (Fzd1) and the triglyceride cleaving enzyme lipoprotein lipase (Lpl). These increases in gene expression were accompanied by lower DNA methylation surrounding the transcription start sites of the two genes. Diet-driven effects were observed in unexposed females but not in phthalate-treated rats. Results suggest a sex-specific association between perinatal HF diet and body weight, adipocyte size and DNA methylation. Perinatal phthalate exposure appears to produce a phenotype that more closely resembles HF-fed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul M Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition.
| | | | - Aaron Hong
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology.
| | | | - Hong Chen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition.
| | | | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition.
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Ciccarone F, Castelli S, Ioannilli L, Ciriolo MR. High Dietary Fat Intake Affects DNA Methylation/Hydroxymethylation in Mouse Heart: Epigenetic Hints for Obesity-Related Cardiac Dysfunction. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800970. [PMID: 30515977 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Epigenetic aberrations caused by environmental factors and lifestyle choices have been associated with the development of a number of pathologies, including cardiovascular disorders. However, whether obesity-related heart dysfunction can occur via epigenetic mechanisms is largely undisclosed. The manifested role of DNA hydroxymethylation in heart pathophysiology prompts an investigation of its levels/machinery in heart of mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD) and its possible relation with genes linked to obesity-associated cardiac remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS Alterations in levels of DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation modifications and in expression of Tet family of DNA hydroxylases are observed in hearts of mice treated with HFD for 8 and 16 weeks. Decreased levels of the Tet co-substrate α-ketoglutarate are also observed and associate with mitochondrial mass reduction and augmented oxidative stress. Finally, expression markers of cardiac remodeling are monitored by RT-qPCR analysis and associate with DNA hydroxymethylation signature by DNA immunoprecipitation and correlation analyses. CONCLUSION Global changes of DNA hydroxymethylation in hearts of HFD-fed mice are associated with upregulation of the dioxygenase Tet3 and decreased content of α-ketoglutarate. A relation between Tet genes and markers of cardiac hypertrophic response is observed and, if further validated, it will provide insights concerning epigenetics and obesity-related cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ciccarone
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Castelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Ioannilli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele 'La Pisana', Rome, Italy
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Keleher MR, Zaidi R, Hicks L, Shah S, Xing X, Li D, Wang T, Cheverud JM. A high-fat diet alters genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression in SM/J mice. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:888. [PMID: 30526554 PMCID: PMC6286549 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the genetics of obesity has been well defined, the epigenetics of obesity is poorly understood. Here, we used a genome-wide approach to identify genes with differences in both DNA methylation and expression associated with a high-fat diet in mice. RESULTS We weaned genetically identical Small (SM/J) mice onto a high-fat or low-fat diet and measured their weights weekly, tested their glucose and insulin tolerance, assessed serum biomarkers, and weighed their organs at necropsy. We measured liver gene expression with RNA-seq (using 21 total libraries, each pooled with 2 mice of the same sex and diet) and DNA methylation with MRE-seq and MeDIP-seq (using 8 total libraries, each pooled with 4 mice of the same sex and diet). There were 4356 genes with expression differences associated with diet, with 184 genes exhibiting a sex-by-diet interaction. Dietary fat dysregulated several pathways, including those involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling, and oxidative phosphorylation. Over 7000 genes had differentially methylated regions associated with diet, which occurred in regulatory regions more often than expected by chance. Only 5-10% of differentially methylated regions occurred in differentially expressed genes, however this was more often than expected by chance (p = 2.2 × 10- 8). CONCLUSIONS Discovering the gene expression and methylation changes associated with a high-fat diet can help to identify new targets for epigenetic therapies and inform about the physiological changes in obesity. Here, we identified numerous genes with altered expression and methylation that are promising candidates for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Rose Keleher
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Population Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63105 USA
- Biology Department, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Rabab Zaidi
- Department of Biology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Lauren Hicks
- Department of Biology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Shyam Shah
- Department of Biology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Xiaoyun Xing
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Daofeng Li
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Abstract
The dramatic increase in global prevalence of metabolic disease is inexplicable when considering only environmental or only genetic factors, leading to the need to explore the possible roles of epigenetic factors. A great deal of progress has been made in this interdisciplinary field in recent years, with many studies investigating various aspects of the metabolic syndrome and its associated epigenetic changes. Rodent models of metabolic diseases have been particularly illuminating because of the ability to leverage tools such as genetic and environmental modifications. The current review summarizes recent breakthroughs regarding epigenetic markers in studies of obesity, Type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, the three major disorders associated with metabolic syndrome. We also discuss open questions and future directions for integrating genomic, epigenomic, and phenotypic big biodata toward understanding metabolic syndrome etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn Carson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Heather A Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis, Missouri
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Lecoutre S, Petrus P, Rydén M, Breton C. Transgenerational Epigenetic Mechanisms in Adipose Tissue Development. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:675-685. [PMID: 30104112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An adverse nutritional environment during the perinatal period increases the risk of adult-onset metabolic diseases, such as obesity, which may persist across generations. Adipose tissue (AT) from offspring of malnourished dams has been shown to display altered adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and adipokine expression, impaired thermogenesis, and low-grade inflammation. Although the exact mechanisms underlying these alterations remain unclear, epigenetic processes are believed to have an important role. In this review, we focus on epigenetic mechanisms in AT that may account for transgenerational dysregulation of adipocyte formation and adipose function. Understanding the complex interactions between maternal diet and epigenetic regulation of the AT in offspring may be valuable in improving preventive strategies against the obesity pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lecoutre
- University of Lille, EA4489, Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Petrus
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christophe Breton
- University of Lille, EA4489, Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France.
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38
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We present a current perspective of epigenetic alterations that can lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the potential of dietary factors to counteract their actions. In addition, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of dietary treatments as epigenetic modifiers for disease prevention and therapy. RECENT FINDINGS Recent epigenome-wide association studies along with candidate gene approaches and functional studies in cell culture and animal models have delineated mechanisms through which nutrients, food compounds and dietary patterns may affect the epigenome. Several risk factors for CVD, including adiposity, inflammation and oxidative stress, have been associated with changes in histone acetylation, lower global DNA methylation levels and shorter telomere length. A surplus of macronutrients such as in a high-fat diet or deficiencies of specific nutrients such as folate and other B-vitamins can affect the activity of DNA methyltransferases and histone-modifying enzymes, affecting foetal growth, glucose/lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols (resveratrol, curcumin) or epigallocatechin may activate deacetylases Sirtuins (SIRTs), histone deacetylases or acetyltransferases and in turn the response of inflammatory mediators. Adherence to cardioprotective dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), has been associated with altered methylation and expression of genes related to inflammation and immuno-competence. SUMMARY The mechanisms through which nutrients and dietary patterns may alter the cardiovascular epigenome remain elusive. The research challenge is to determine which of these nutriepigenetic effects are reversible, so that novel findings translate into effective dietary interventions to prevent CVD or its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Z. Kalea
- Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London (UCL), UK
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Temple University School of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica L. Buxton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, UK
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Lecoutre S, Pourpe C, Butruille L, Marousez L, Laborie C, Guinez C, Lesage J, Vieau D, Eeckhoute J, Gabory A, Oger F, Eberlé D, Breton C. Reduced PPARγ2 expression in adipose tissue of male rat offspring from obese dams is associated with epigenetic modifications. FASEB J 2018; 32:2768-2778. [PMID: 29295860 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700997r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
According to the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept, maternal obesity and accelerated growth in neonates program obesity later in life. White adipose tissue (WAT) has been the focus of developmental programming events, although underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In rodents, WAT development primarily occurs during lactation. We previously reported that adult rat offspring from dams fed a high-fat (HF) diet exhibited fat accumulation and decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) mRNA levels in WAT. We hypothesized that PPARγ down-regulation occurs via epigenetic malprogramming which takes place during adipogenesis. We therefore examined epigenetic modifications in the PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 promoters in perirenal (pWAT) and inguinal fat pads of HF offspring at weaning (postnatal d 21) and in adulthood. Postnatal d 21 is a period characterized by active epigenomic remodeling in the PPARγ2 promoter (DNA hypermethylation and depletion in active histone modification H3ac and H3K4me3) in pWAT, consistent with increased DNA methyltransferase and DNA methylation activities. Adult HF offspring exhibited sustained hypermethylation and histone modification H3ac of the PPARγ2 promoter in both deposits, correlated with persistent decreased PPARγ2 mRNA levels. Consistent with the DOHaD hypothesis, retained epigenetic marks provide a mechanistic basis for the cellular memory linking maternal obesity to a predisposition for later adiposity.-Lecoutre, S., Pourpe, C., Butruille, L., Marousez, L., Laborie, C., Guinez, C., Lesage, J., Vieau, D., Eeckhoute, J., Gabory, A., Oger, F., Eberlé, D., Breton, C. Reduced PPARγ2 expression in adipose tissue of male rat offspring from obese dams is associated with epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lecoutre
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Charlène Pourpe
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laura Butruille
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Marousez
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christine Laborie
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Céline Guinez
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean Lesage
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Didier Vieau
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Eeckhoute
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité 1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Gabory
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Biologie du Développement et Reproduction (BDR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Frédérik Oger
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Eberlé
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Breton
- Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4489, University of Lille, Lille, France
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Statistical and integrative system-level analysis of DNA methylation data. Nat Rev Genet 2017; 19:129-147. [PMID: 29129922 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2017.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics plays a key role in cellular development and function. Alterations to the epigenome are thought to capture and mediate the effects of genetic and environmental risk factors on complex disease. Currently, DNA methylation is the only epigenetic mark that can be measured reliably and genome-wide in large numbers of samples. This Review discusses some of the key statistical challenges and algorithms associated with drawing inferences from DNA methylation data, including cell-type heterogeneity, feature selection, reverse causation and system-level analyses that require integration with other data types such as gene expression, genotype, transcription factor binding and other epigenetic information.
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Epigenetic Regulation of Adipokines. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081740. [PMID: 28796178 PMCID: PMC5578130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion in obesity leads to changes in the expression of adipokines, adipocyte-specific hormones that can regulate whole body energy metabolism. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is a mechanism by which cells can alter gene expression through the modifications of DNA and histones. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are intimately tied to energy metabolism due to their dependence on metabolic intermediates such as S-adenosylmethionine and acetyl-CoA. Altered expression of adipokines in obesity may be due to epigenetic changes. The goal of this review is to highlight current knowledge of epigenetic regulation of adipokines.
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Sonne SB, Yadav R, Yin G, Dalgaard MD, Myrmel LS, Gupta R, Wang J, Madsen L, Kajimura S, Kristiansen K. Obesity is associated with depot-specific alterations in adipocyte DNA methylation and gene expression. Adipocyte 2017; 6:124-133. [PMID: 28481699 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2017.1320002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify genes exhibiting concomitant obesity-dependent changes in DNA methylation and gene expression in adipose tissues in the mouse using diet-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6J and genetically obese ob/ob mice as models. Mature adipocytes were isolated from epididymal and inguinal adipose tissues of ob/ob and DIO C57BL/6J mice. DNA methylation was analyzed by MeDIP-sequencing and gene expression by microarray analysis. The majority of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were hypomethylated in obese mice. Global methylation of long interspersed elements indicated that hypomethylation did not reflect methyl donor deficiency. In both DIO and ob/ob mice, we observed more obesity-associated methylation changes in epididymal than in inguinal adipocytes. Assignment of DMRs to promoter, exon, intron and intergenic regions demonstrated that DIO-induced changes in DNA methylation in C57BL/6J mice occurred primarily in exons, whereas inguinal adipocytes of ob/ob mice exhibited a higher enrichment of DMRs in promoter regions than in other regions of the genome, suggesting an influence of leptin on DNA methylation in inguinal adipocytes. We observed altered methylation and expression of 9 genes in epididymal adipocytes, including the known obesity-associated genes, Ehd2 and Kctd15, and a novel candidate gene, Irf8, possibly involved in immune type 1/type2 balance. The use of 2 obesity models enabled us to dissociate changes associated with high fat feeding from those associated with obesity per se. This information will be of value in future studies on the mechanisms governing the development of obesity and changes in adipocyte function associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Brask Sonne
- UCSF Diabetes Center and Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rachita Yadav
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Marlene Danner Dalgaard
- DTU Multi-Assay Core (DMAC), Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Ramneek Gupta
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jun Wang
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lise Madsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- UCSF Diabetes Center and Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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