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Yang Q, Liu J, Wang Z. 4.1N-Mediated Interactions and Functions in Nerve System and Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:711302. [PMID: 34589518 PMCID: PMC8473747 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.711302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffolding protein 4.1N is a neuron-enriched 4.1 homologue. 4.1N contains three conserved domains, including the N-terminal 4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin (FERM) domain, internal spectrin–actin–binding (SAB) domain, and C-terminal domain (CTD). Interspersed between the three domains are nonconserved domains, including U1, U2, and U3. The role of 4.1N was first reported in the nerve system. Then, extensive studies reported the role of 4.1N in cancers and other diseases. 4.1N performs numerous vital functions in signaling transduction by interacting, locating, supporting, and coordinating different partners and is involved in the molecular pathogenesis of various diseases. In this review, recent studies on the interactions between 4.1N and its contactors (including the α7AChr, IP3R1, GluR1/4, GluK1/2/3, mGluR8, KCC2, D2/3Rs, CASK, NuMA, PIKE, IP6K2, CAM 1/3, βII spectrin, flotillin-1, pp1, and 14-3-3) and the 4.1N-related biological functions in the nerve system and cancers are specifically and comprehensively discussed. This review provides critical detailed mechanistic insights into the role of 4.1N in disease relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Medical Laboratory, Shao Yang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Yuan X, Piao L, Wang L, Han X, Zhuang M, Liu Z. Pivotal roles of protein 4.1B/DAL‑1, a FERM‑domain containing protein, in tumor progression (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 55:979-987. [PMID: 31545421 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein 4.1B/DAL‑1, encoded by erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1‑like 3 (EPB41L3), belongs to the protein 4.1 superfamily, a group of proteins that share a conserved four.one‑ezrin‑radixin‑moesin (FERM) domain. Protein 4.1B/DAL‑1 serves a crucial role in cytoskeletal organization and a number of processes through multiple interactions with membrane proteins via its FERM, spectrin‑actin‑binding and C‑terminal domains. A number of studies have indicated that a loss of EPB41L3 expression is commonly observed in lung cancer, breast cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and meningiomas. DNA methylation and a loss of heterozygosity have been reported to contribute to the downregulation of EPB41L3. To date, the biological functions of protein 4.1B/DAL‑1 in carcinogenesis remain unknown. The present review summarizes the current understanding of the role of protein 4.1B/DAL‑1 in cancer and highlights its potential as a cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Lianhua Piao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P.R. China
| | - Luhui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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3
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Zeng Y, Sun S, Zhang J, Zhang B, Zhu M, Ouyang R, Ma B, Ye M, An X, Liu J. Knockout of 4.1B triggers malignant transformation in SV40T-immortalized mouse embryo fibroblast cells. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:538-549. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Yayue Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Shuming Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Ji Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Min Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Ruoyun Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Disease Research Institute; Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Bianyin Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University; Changsha China
| | - Xiuli An
- College of Life Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology; New York Blood Center; New York New York
| | - Jing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
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4
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Krzyzanowska A, García-Consuegra I, Pascual C, Antequera D, Ferrer I, Carro E. Expression of regulatory proteins in choroid plexus changes in early stages of Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015; 74:359-69. [PMID: 25756589 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that the choroid plexus has important physiologic and pathologic roles in Alzheimer disease (AD). To obtain additional insight on choroid plexus function, we performed a proteomic analysis of choroid plexus samples from patients with AD stages I to II (n = 16), III to IV (n = 16), and V to VI (n = 11) and 7 age-matched control subjects. We used 2-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry to generate a complete picture of changes in choroid plexus protein expression occurring in AD patients. We identified 6 proteins: 14-3-3 β/α, 14-3-3 ε, moesin, proteasome activator complex subunit 1, annexin V, and aldehyde dehydrogenase, which were significantly regulated in AD patient samples (p < 0.05, >1.5-fold variation in expression vs control samples). These proteins are implicated in major physiologic functions including mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis regulation. These findings contribute additional significance to the emerging importance of molecular and functional changes of choroid plexus function in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Krzyzanowska
- From the Neuroscience Group, Research Institute Hospital; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); and Proteomic Unit, Research Institute Hospital, Madrid; and Institut de Neuropatologia, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge; and Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Uversky VN. Unreported intrinsic disorder in proteins: Disorder emergency room. INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEINS 2015; 3:e1010999. [PMID: 28232885 DOI: 10.1080/21690707.2015.1010999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This article continues an "Unreported Intrinsic Disorder in Proteins" series, the goal of which is to expose some interesting cases of missed (or overlooked, or ignored) disorder in proteins. The need for this series is justified by the observation that despite the fact that protein intrinsic disorder is widely accepted by the scientific community, there are still numerous instances when appreciation of this phenomenon is absent. This results in the avalanche of research papers which are talking about intrinsically disordered proteins (or hybrid proteins with ordered and disordered regions) not recognizing that they are talking about such proteins. Articles in the "Unreported Intrinsic Disorder in Proteins" series provide a fast fix for some of the recent noticeable disorder overlooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer Research Institute; Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida; Tampa, FL USA; Biology Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Laboratory of Structural Dynamics; Stability and Folding of Proteins; Institute of Cytology; Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg, Russia
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6
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Ye M, Zhu M, Zhang B, Roy M, Liu J, An X. Tumor suppressor role of protein 4.1B/DAL-1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4815-30. [PMID: 25183197 PMCID: PMC11113756 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is a membrane skeletal protein that belongs to the protein 4.1 family. Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is localized to sites of cell-cell contact and functions as an adapter protein, linking the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton or associated cytoplasmic signaling effectors and facilitating their activities in various pathways. Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is involved in various cytoskeleton-associated processes, such as cell motility and adhesion. Moreover, protein 4.1B/DAL-1 also plays a regulatory role in cell growth, differentiation, and the establishment of epithelial-like cell structures. Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is normally expressed in multiple human tissues, but loss of its expression or prominent down-regulation of its expression is frequently observed in corresponding tumor tissues and tumor cell lines, suggesting that protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is involved in the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors and acts as a potential tumor suppressor. This review will focus on the structure of protein 4.1B/DAL-1, 4.1B/DAL-1-interacting molecules, 4.1B/DAL-1 inactivation and tumor progression, and anti-tumor activity of the 4.1B/DAL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Mao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | - Min Zhu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Mridul Roy
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Xiuli An
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New York Blood Center, 310 E 67th Street, New York, 10065 USA
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Wang J, Song J, An C, Dong W, Zhang J, Yin C, Hale J, Baines AJ, Mohandas N, An X. A 130-kDa protein 4.1B regulates cell adhesion, spreading, and migration of mouse embryo fibroblasts by influencing actin cytoskeleton organization. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:5925-37. [PMID: 24381168 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.516617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein 4.1B is a member of protein 4.1 family, adaptor proteins at the interface of membranes and the cytoskeleton. It is expressed in most mammalian tissues and is known to be required in formation of nervous and cardiac systems; it is also a tumor suppressor with a role in metastasis. Here, we explore functions of 4.1B using primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) derived from wild type and 4.1B knock-out mice. MEF cells express two 4.1B isoforms: 130 and 60-kDa. 130-kDa 4.1B was absent from 4.1B knock-out MEF cells, but 60-kDa 4.1B remained, suggesting incomplete knock-out. Although the 130-kDa isoform was predominantly located at the plasma membrane, the 60-kDa isoform was enriched in nuclei. 130-kDa-deficient 4.1B MEF cells exhibited impaired cell adhesion, spreading, and migration; they also failed to form actin stress fibers. Impaired cell spreading and stress fiber formation were rescued by re-expression of the 130-kDa 4.1B but not the 60-kDa 4.1B. Our findings document novel, isoform-selective roles for 130-kDa 4.1B in adhesion, spreading, and migration of MEF cells by affecting actin organization, giving new insight into 4.1B functions in normal tissues as well as its role in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- From the Department of Biophysics, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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8
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Loss of expression of the differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung (DAL-1) protein is associated with metastasis of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:1915-25. [PMID: 22782504 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung-1 (DAL-1) protein is a member of the membrane-associated cytoskeleton protein 4.1 family. This protein was previously found to be downregulated or lost in more than half of primary non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). In this study, the relationship between DAL-1 expression and NSCLC metastasis was examined. DAL-1 mRNA and protein levels were measured in NSCLC cell lines and in tumor cells isolated from the pleural fluid of NSCLC patients clinically diagnosed with distant metastases to the bone or brain. The results revealed that DAL-1 expression was observed in two (GLC-82 and NCI-H460) out of seven metastatic NSCLC cell lines examined. DAL-1 expression was not observed in the cells isolated from the pleural fluid in nine out of ten patients. Overexpression of DAL-1 in A549 cells, a cell line lacking endogenous DAL-1, inhibited cell migration and invasion by approximately 38 and 48 %, respectively. In contrast, DAL-1 knockdown in NCI-H460 cells enhanced the migration and invasion potential of this cell line 4.6- and 3-fold, respectively. Furthermore, DAL-1 promoter methylation was observed in six of nine pleural fluid NSCLC cell isolates and in two cell lines (A549 and H1299), as evidenced by a lack of endogenous DAL-1. Demethylation in A549 cells successfully restored DAL-1 mRNA and protein expression levels, resulting in a parallel remarkable inhibition of migration and invasion. These results indicated that DAL-1 was pivotal in triggering NSCLC migration and invasion and that loss of DAL-1 expression was due to the epigenetic methylation.
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9
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Segers I, Adriaenssens T, Smitz J. Expression Patterns of Poliovirus Receptor, Erythrocyte Protein Band 4.1-Like 3, Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 11, and Oxytocin Receptor in Mouse Ovarian Cells During Follicle Growth and Early Luteinization In Vitro and In Vivo1. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:1-11. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.092510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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10
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Sluchanko NN, Gusev NB. 14-3-3 proteins and regulation of cytoskeleton. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 75:1528-46. [PMID: 21417993 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910130031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The proteins of the 14-3-3 family are universal adapters participating in multiple processes running in the cell. We describe the structure, isoform composition, and distribution of 14-3-3 proteins in different tissues. Different elements of 14-3-3 structure important for dimer formation and recognition of protein targets are analyzed in detail. Special attention is paid to analysis of posttranslational modifications playing important roles in regulation of 14-3-3 function. The data of the literature concerning participation of 14-3-3 in regulation of intercellular contacts and different elements of cytoskeleton formed by microfilaments are analyzed. We also describe participation of 14-3-3 in regulation of small G-proteins and protein kinases important for proper functioning of cytoskeleton. The data on the interaction of 14-3-3 with different components of microtubules are presented, and the probable role of 14-3-3 in developing of certain neurodegenerative diseases is discussed. The data of the literature concerning the role of 14-3-3 in formation and normal functioning of intermediate filaments are also reviewed. It is concluded that due to its adapter properties 14-3-3 plays an important role in cytoskeleton regulation. The cytoskeletal proteins that are abundant in the cell might compete with the other protein targets of 14-3-3 and therefore can indirectly regulate many intracellular processes that are dependent on 14-3-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Sluchanko
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
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Choy W, Kim W, Nagasawa D, Stramotas S, Yew A, Gopen Q, Parsa AT, Yang I. The molecular genetics and tumor pathogenesis of meningiomas and the future directions of meningioma treatments. Neurosurg Focus 2011; 30:E6. [DOI: 10.3171/2011.2.focus1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Meningiomas are mostly benign, slow-growing tumors of the CNS that originate from arachnoidal cap cells. While monosomy 22 is the most frequent genetic abnormality found in meningiomas, a multitude of other aberrant chromosomal alterations, signaling pathways, and growth factors have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Losses on 22q12.2, a region encoding the tumor suppressor gene merlin, represent the most common genetic alterations in early meningioma formation. Malignant meningioma progression, however, is associated with more complex karyotypes and greater genetic instability. Cytogenetic studies of atypical and anaplastic meningiomas revealed gains and losses on chromosomes 9, 10, 14, and 18, with amplifications on chromosome 17. However, the specific gene targets in a majority of these chromosomal abnormalities remain elusive.
Studies have also implicated a myriad of aberrant signaling pathways involved with meningioma tumorigenesis, including those involved with proliferation, angiogenesis, and autocrine loops. Understanding these disrupted pathways will aid in deciphering the relationship between various genetic changes and their downstream effects on meningioma pathogenesis.
Despite advancements in our understanding of meningioma pathogenesis, the conventional treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery, have remained largely stagnant. Surgery and radiation therapy are curative in the majority of lesions, yet treatment remains challenging for meningiomas that are recurrent, aggressive, or refractory to conventional treatments. Future therapies will include combinations of targeted molecular agents as a result of continued progress in the understanding of genetic and biological changes associated with meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Won Kim
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, and
| | | | | | - Andrew Yew
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, and
| | - Quinton Gopen
- 2Division of Otolaryngology, University of California Los Angeles; and
| | - Andrew T. Parsa
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Isaac Yang
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, and
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Busam RD, Thorsell AG, Flores A, Hammarström M, Persson C, Öbrink B, Hallberg BM. Structural basis of tumor suppressor in lung cancer 1 (TSLC1) binding to differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung (DAL-1/4.1B). J Biol Chem 2011; 286:4511-6. [PMID: 21131357 PMCID: PMC3039374 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.174011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 11/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbed cell adhesion mechanisms are crucial for tumor invasion and metastasis. A cell adhesion protein, TSLC1 (tumor suppressor in lung cancer 1), is inactivated in a majority of metastatic cancers. DAL-1 (differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung protein), another tumor suppressor, binds through its FERM domain to the TSLC1 C-terminal, 4.1 glycophorin C-like, cytoplasmic domain. However, the molecular basis for this interaction is unknown. Here, we describe the crystal structure of a complex between the DAL-1 FERM domain and a portion of the TSLC1 cytoplasmic domain. DAL-1 binds to TSLC1 through conserved residues in a well defined hydrophobic pocket in the structural C-lobe of the DAL-1 FERM domain. From the crystal structure, it is apparent that Tyr(406) and Thr(408) in the TSLC1 cytoplasmic domain form the most important interactions with DAL-1, and this was also confirmed by surface plasmon resonance studies. Our results refute earlier exon deletion experiments that indicated that glycophorin C interacts with the α-lobe of 4.1 FERM domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Busam
- From the Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics and
| | - Ann-Gerd Thorsell
- From the Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics and
| | - Alex Flores
- From the Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics and
| | - Martin Hammarström
- From the Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics and
| | - Camilla Persson
- From the Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics and
| | - Björn Öbrink
- the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B. Martin Hallberg
- the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Bernkopf DB, Williams ED. Potential role of EPB41L3 (protein 4.1B/Dal-1) as a target for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:845-53. [PMID: 18554153 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.7.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 3 (EPB41L3; aliases: protein 4.1B, differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung-1 (Dal-1)) expression has been implicated in tumor progression. OBJECTIVE To evaluate literature describing the role of EPB41L3 in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and to consider whether targeting this gene would be useful in the treatment of prostate cancer. METHODS A literature review of studies describing EPB41L3 and its aliases was conducted. Online databases (NCBI, SwissProt) were also interrogated to collect further data. RESULTS/CONCLUSION A growing body of evidence supports a role for loss of EPB41L3 in tumor progression, including in prostate cancer. Therapeutic strategies that could be harnessed to upregulate EPB41L3 gene expression in prostate cancer cells are currently being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic B Bernkopf
- Monash University, Centre for Cancer Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
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14
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Guo Y, Chen Z, Zhang L, Zhou F, Shi S, Feng X, Li B, Meng X, Ma X, Luo M, Shao K, Li N, Qiu B, Mitchelson K, Cheng J, He J. Distinctive microRNA profiles relating to patient survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2008; 68:26-33. [PMID: 18172293 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of death from cancer and one of the least studied cancers worldwide. The global microRNA expression profile of esophageal cancer has not been reported previously. Here, for the first time, we have investigated expressed microRNAs in cryopreserved esophageal cancer tissues using advanced microRNA microarray techniques. Our microarray analyses identified seven microRNAs that could distinguish malignant esophageal cancer lesions from adjacent normal tissues. Some microRNAs could be correlated with the different clinicopathologic classifications. High expression of hsa-miR-103/107 correlated with poor survival by univariate analysis as well as by multivariate analysis. These results indicate that microRNA expression profiles are important diagnostic and prognostic markers of esophageal cancer, which might be analyzed simply using economical approaches such as reverse transcription-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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15
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Belbin TJ, Bergman A, Brandwein-Gensler M, Chen Q, Childs G, Garg M, Haigentz M, Hogue-Angeletti R, Moadel R, Negassa A, Owen R, Prystowsky MB, Schiff B, Schlecht NF, Shifteh K, Smith RV, Zheng X. Head and neck cancer: reduce and integrate for optimal outcome. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 118:92-109. [PMID: 18000360 DOI: 10.1159/000108290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T J Belbin
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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16
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Gerber MA, Bahr SM, Gutmann DH. Protein 4.1B/differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung-1 functions as a growth suppressor in meningioma cells by activating Rac1-dependent c-Jun-NH(2)-kinase signaling. Cancer Res 2006; 66:5295-303. [PMID: 16707455 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are the second most common brain tumor in adults, yet comparatively little is presently known about the dysregulated growth control pathways involved in their formation and progression. One of the most frequently observed genetic changes in benign meningioma involves loss of protein 4.1B expression. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that protein 4.1B growth suppression in meningioma is associated with the activation of the c-Jun-NH(2)-kinase (JNK) pathway and requires localization of a small unique region (U2 domain) of protein 4.1B to the plasma membrane. To define the relationship between protein 4.1B expression and JNK activation, as well as to determine the mechanism of JNK activation by protein 4.1B, we used a combination of genetic and pharmacologic approaches. In this report, we show that protein 4.1B/differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung-1 (DAL-1) expression in meningioma cells in vitro results in JNK activation, which requires the sequential activation of Src, Rac1, and JNK. In addition, inhibition of Rac1 or JNK activation abrogates protein 4.1B/DAL-1 growth suppression and cyclin A regulation. Last, protein 4.1B/DAL-1 regulation of this critical growth control pathway in meningioma cells requires the presence of the U2 domain. Collectively, these observations provide the first mechanistic insights into the function of protein 4.1B as a growth regulator in meningioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Gerber
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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17
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Namkoong H, Shin SM, Kim HK, Ha SA, Cho GW, Hur SY, Kim TE, Kim JW. The bone morphogenetic protein antagonist gremlin 1 is overexpressed in human cancers and interacts with YWHAH protein. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:74. [PMID: 16545136 PMCID: PMC1459871 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 03/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic studies of oncogenesis have demonstrated that either the elevated production of particular oncogene proteins or the occurrence of qualitative abnormalities in oncogenes can contribute to neoplastic cellular transformation. The purpose of our study was to identify an unique gene that shows cancer-associated expression, and characterizes its function related to human carcinogenesis. METHODS We used the differential display (DD) RT-PCR method using normal cervical, cervical cancer, metastatic cervical tissues, and cervical cancer cell lines to identify genes overexpressed in cervical cancers and identified gremlin 1 which was overexpressed in cervical cancers. We determined expression levels of gremlin 1 using Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemical study in various types of human normal and cancer tissues. To understand the tumorigenesis pathway of identified gremlin 1 protein, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen, GST pull down assay, and immunoprecipitation to identify gremlin 1 interacting proteins. RESULTS DDRT-PCR analysis revealed that gremlin 1 was overexpressed in uterine cervical cancer. We also identified a human gremlin 1 that was overexpressed in various human tumors including carcinomas of the lung, ovary, kidney, breast, colon, pancreas, and sarcoma. PIG-2-transfected HEK 293 cells exhibited growth stimulation and increased telomerase activity. Gremlin 1 interacted with homo sapiens tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, eta polypeptide (14-3-3 eta; YWHAH). YWHAH protein binding site for gremlin 1 was located between residues 61-80 and gremlin 1 binding site for YWHAH was found to be located between residues 1 to 67. CONCLUSION Gremlin 1 may play an oncogenic role especially in carcinomas of the uterine cervix, lung, ovary, kidney, breast, colon, pancreas, and sarcoma. Over-expressed gremlin 1 functions by interaction with YWHAH. Therefore, Gremlin 1 and its binding protein YWHAH could be good targets for developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Namkoong
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea
| | - Seung Min Shin
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea
| | - Hyun Kee Kim
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea
| | - Seon-Ah Ha
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea
| | - Goang Won Cho
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea
| | - Soo Young Hur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea
| | - Tae Eung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea
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18
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Jiang W, Newsham IF. The tumor suppressor DAL-1/4.1B and protein methylation cooperate in inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2006; 5:4. [PMID: 16420693 PMCID: PMC1382251 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-5-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DAL-1 (Differentially Expressed in Adenocarcinoma of the Lung)/4.1B is a member of the protein 4.1 superfamily that has been shown to suppress growth in lung, breast and brain tumor cells. In the case of the caspase-3 deficient MCF-7 breast cancer cells, this growth suppression has been shown to be partially mediated by the induction of apoptosis. However the exact mechanism of action of DAL-1/4.1B is unknown. Recently, protein arginine N-methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) was identified as a DAL-1/4.1B interacting protein. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) posttranslationally methylate the arginine residues of proteins, a modification which has been implicated in the regulation of multiple cellular processes including nuclear-cytoplasmic transport, signal transduction, and transcription. Results To investigate the role of protein methylation in cell death induced by DAL-1/4.1B, DAL-1/4.1B-inducible MCF-7 cells were examined for apoptosis and caspase activation in the absence and presence of the protein methylation inhibitor adenosine dialdehyde (AdOX). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that apoptosis was primarily associated with the activation of caspase 8, and inhibition of this activation blocked the ability of DAL-1/4.1B to induce cell death. Conclusion These results suggest that protein methylation cooperates with DAL-1/4.1B-associated caspase 8-specific activation to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Hermlein Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Irene F Newsham
- Hermlein Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neuro-Oncology, M D Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030
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19
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Yi C, McCarty JH, Troutman SA, Eckman MS, Bronson RT, Kissil JL. Loss of the putative tumor suppressor band 4.1B/Dal1 gene is dispensable for normal development and does not predispose to cancer. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:10052-9. [PMID: 16260618 PMCID: PMC1280276 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.22.10052-10059.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The band 4.1 proteins are cytoskeletal proteins, harboring a conserved FERM domain highly homologous to the N-terminal FERM domain of ezrin, radixin, moesin, and merlin. Recently, a truncated form of the 4.1B protein, termed Dal-1, was identified in a screen as down regulated in adenocarcinoma of the lung and was mapped to chromosome 18p11.3, which is lost in 38% of primary non-small cell lung carcinoma tumors. Analysis of several meningiomas has shown that Dal-1 expression was lost in 76% of the tumors. To further elucidate the function of the 4.1B/Dal-1 gene in development and tumorigenesis we generated mice deficient for this allele. The 4.1B/Dal-1 null mice develop normally and are fertile. Rates of cellular proliferation and apoptosis in brain, mammary, and lung tissues from the 4.1B/Dal-1 null mice were indistinguishable from those seen with wild-type mice. Aging studies indicate that these mice do not have a propensity to develop tumors. Analysis of fibroblasts from these mice demonstrated that the growth characteristics and kinetics of these cells were not different from those of cells from the wild-type mice. These findings indicate that the 4.1B gene is not required for normal development and that 4.1B/Dal-1 does not function as a tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Yi
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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20
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Terada N, Ohno N, Yamakawa H, Ohara O, Ohno S. Topographical significance of membrane skeletal component protein 4.1 B in mammalian organs. Anat Sci Int 2005; 80:61-70. [PMID: 15960311 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-073x.2005.00094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The polarized architecture of epithelial cells is a fundamental determinant of cell structures and functions. Both formation and orientation of proper epithelial polarity are needed for cell-cell or cell-matrix adhesion, signal transduction and cytoskeletal interactions of multimolecular complexes at apical, lateral and basal cell membranes. These cell membrane domains are usually segregated by some junctional complexes. Recent molecular genetic studies on the anchor structure between myelin sheaths and axons have indicated the specific molecular organization for polarization of axolemma and the myelin sheaths at paranodes, termed 'septate-like junctions'. It was also speculated that other mammalian organs may use a similar junctional system. The protein 4.1 B was originally found to be localized in paranodes and juxtaparanodes of myelinated nerve fibers. Our recent immunohistochemical studies on protein 4.1B have indicated its significance for the cell-cell and/or cell-matrix adhesion in various rodent organs. The protein 4.1 family of proteins have been supposed to possess variable molecular domains relating to cell adhesion, ion balance, receptor responses and signal transduction. Therefore, more precise studies on the molecular structure and the functional domains of protein 4.1B, as well as on its changes under physiological and pathological conditions, may provide a clue for organogenesis in various mammalian organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Terada
- Department of Anatomy, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Tamaho, Japan.
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21
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Yamada D, Kikuchi S, Williams YN, Sakurai-Yageta M, Masuda M, Maruyama T, Tomita K, Gutmann DH, Kakizoe T, Kitamura T, Kanai Y, Murakami Y. Promoter hypermethylation of the potential tumor suppressorDAL-1/4.1Bgene in renal clear cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2005; 118:916-23. [PMID: 16152585 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC) is a malignant tumor with poor prognosis caused by the high incidence of metastasis to distal organs. Although metastatic RCCC cells frequently show aberrant cytoskeletal organization, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. DAL-1/4.1B is an actin-binding protein implicated in the cytoskeleton-associated processes, while its inactivation is frequently observed in lung and breast cancers and meningiomas, suggesting that 4.1B is a potential tumor suppressor. We studied a possible involvement of 4.1B in RCCCs and evaluated it as a clinical indicator. 4.1B protein was detected in the proximal convoluted tubules of human kidney, the presumed cell of origin of RCCC. On the other hand, loss or marked reduction of its expression was observed in 10 of 19 (53%) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells and 12 of 19 (63%) surgically resected RCCC by reverse transcription-PCR. Bisulfite sequencing or bisulfite SSCP analyses revealed that the 4.1B promoter was methylated in 9 of 19 (47%) RCC cells and 25 of 55 (45%) surgically resected RCCC, and inversely correlated with 4.1B expression (p < 0.0001). Aberrant methylation appeared to be a relatively early event because more than 40% of the tumors with pT1a showed hypermethylation. Furthermore, 4.1B methylation correlated with a nuclear grade (p = 0.017) and a recurrence-free survival (p = 0.0036) and provided an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.038, relative risk 10.5). These results indicate that the promoter methylation of the 4.1B is one of the most frequent epigenetic alterations in RCCC and could predict the metastatic recurrence of the surgically resected RCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamada
- Tumor Suppression and Functional Genomics Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Kikuchi S, Yamada D, Fukami T, Masuda M, Sakurai-Yageta M, Williams YN, Maruyama T, Asamura H, Matsuno Y, Onizuka M, Murakami Y. Promoter methylation of DAL-1/4.1B predicts poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:2954-61. [PMID: 15837747 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE DAL-1/4.1B is an actin-binding protein originally identified as a molecule whose expression is down-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma. We have previously shown that a lung tumor suppressor, TSLC1, associates with DAL-1, suggesting that both proteins act in the same cascade. The purpose of this study is to understand the molecular mechanisms and clinical significance of DAL-1 inactivation in lung cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We studied aberration of the DAL-1 in 103 primary non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and 18 lung cancer cells. Expression and allelic and methylation status of DAL-1 was examined by reverse transcription-PCR, microsatellite analysis, and bisulfite sequencing or bisulfite single-strand conformational polymorphism, respectively. RESULTS Loss of DAL-1 expression was strongly correlated with promoter methylation in lung cancer cells, whereas DAL-1 expression was restored by a demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. The DAL-1 promoter was methylated in 59 (57%) primary NSCLC tumors, 37% of which were associated with loss of heterozygosity around the DAL-1 on chromosomal region 18p11.3. In squamous cell carcinomas, DAL-1 methylation was observed in 9 of 10 tumors at stage I, whereas the incidence of methylation gradually increased in adenocarcinomas as they progressed [13 of 36 (36%), 4 of 12 (33%), 14 of 17 (82%), and 3 of 3 (100%) tumors at stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively; P = 0.0026]. Furthermore, in adenocarcinomas, disease-free survival and overall survival were significantly shorter in patients with tumors harboring the methylated DAL-1 (P = 0.0011 and P = 0.045, respectively). CONCLUSIONS DAL-1 methylation is involved in the development and progression of NSCLC and provides an indicator for poor prognosis.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics
- CpG Islands/genetics
- DNA Methylation
- DNA, Neoplasm/chemistry
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Humans
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins
- Mitotic Index
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- Prognosis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kikuchi
- Tumor Suppression and Functional Genomics Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
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Robb VA, Gerber MA, Hart-Mahon EK, Gutmann DH. Membrane localization of the U2 domain of Protein 4.1B is necessary and sufficient for meningioma growth suppression. Oncogene 2005; 24:1946-57. [PMID: 15688033 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are common central nervous system tumors; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis are largely undefined. Previous work has implicated Protein 4.1B as an important tumor suppressor involved in the development of these neoplasms. In this report, we demonstrate that the U2 domain is necessary and sufficient for the ability of Protein 4.1B to function as a meningioma growth suppressor. Using a series of truncation and deletion constructs of DAL-1 (a fragment of Protein 4.1B that retains all the growth suppressive properties), we narrowed the domain required for 4.1B growth suppression to a fragment containing a portion of the FERM domain and the U2 domain using clonogenic assays on meningioma cells. Deletion of the U2 domain in the context of the full-length DAL-1 molecule eliminated growth suppressor function, as measured by thymidine incorporation and caspase-3 activation. Moreover, targeting the U2 domain to the plasma membrane using a membrane localization signal (MLS) reduced cell proliferation, similar to wild-type DAL-1. Collectively, the data suggest that the U2 domain, when properly targeted to the plasma membrane, contains all the residues necessary for mediating Protein 4.1B growth suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Robb
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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24
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Abstract
Meningiomas are common central nervous system tumors that originate from the meningeal coverings of the brain and the spinal cord. Most meningiomas are slowly growing benign tumors that histologically correspond to World Health Organization (WHO) grade I. However, certain rare histological variants (clear cell, chordoid, papillary, and rhabdoid), as well as atypical (WHO grade II) and anaplastic (WHO grade III) meningiomas show a more aggressive biological behavior and are clinically associated with a high risk of local recurrence and a less favorable prognosis. This review summarizes the most important features of meningioma pathology and provides an up-to-date overview about the molecular mechanisms involved in meningioma initiation and progression. Current data indicate that meningioma initiation is closely linked to the inactivation of one or more members of the highly conserved protein 4.1 superfamily, including the neurofibromatosis type 2 gene product merlin/schwannomin, protein 4.IB (DAL-1) and protein 4.1R. The genetic alterations in atypical meningiomas are complex and involve losses on 1p, 6q, 10, 14q and 18q, as well as gains on multiple chromosomes. The relevant genes are still unknown. Anaplastic meningiomas show even more complex genetic alterations, including frequent alteration of the CDKN2A, p14ARF, and CDKN2B tumor suppressor genes at 9p21, as well as gene amplification on 17q23. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in meningioma pathogenesis may not only lead to the identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic marker but will also facilitate the development of new pathogenesis-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Perry
- Division of Neuropathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.
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25
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Singh V, Miranda TB, Jiang W, Frankel A, Roemer ME, Robb VA, Gutmann DH, Herschman HR, Clarke S, Newsham IF. DAL-1/4.1B tumor suppressor interacts with protein arginine N-methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) and inhibits its ability to methylate substrates in vitro and in vivo. Oncogene 2004; 23:7761-71. [PMID: 15334060 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
DAL-1 (differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung)/4.1B is a tumor suppressor gene on human chromosome 18p11.3 whose expression is lost in >50% of primary non-small-cell lung carcinomas. Based on sequence similarity, DAL-1/4.1B has been assigned to the Protein 4.1 superfamily whose members interact with plasma membrane proteins through their N-terminal FERM (4.1/Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin) domain, and cytoskeletal components via their C-terminal SAB (spectrin-actin binding) region. Using the DAL-1/4.1B FERM domain as bait for yeast two-hybrid interaction cloning, we identified protein arginine N-methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) as a specific DAL-1/4.1B-interacting protein. PRMT3 catalyses the post-translational transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to arginine residues of proteins. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments using lung and breast cancer cell lines confirmed this interaction in mammalian cells in vivo. In vitro binding assays demonstrated that this was an interaction occurring via the C-terminal catalytic core domain of PRMT3. DAL-1/4.1B was determined not to be a substrate for PRMT3-mediated methylation but its presence inhibits the in vitro methylation of a glycine-rich and arginine-rich methyl-accepting protein, GST (glutathione-S-transferase-GAR (glycine- and arginine-rich), which contains 14 'RGG' consensus methylation sites. In addition, induced expression of DAL-1/4.1B in MCF-7 breast cancer cells showed that the DAL-1/4.1B protein significantly inhibits PRMT3 methylation of cellular substrates. These findings suggest that modulation of post-translational methylation may be an important mechanism through which DAL-1/4.1B affects tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, David and Doreen Hermelin Laboratory of Molecular Oncogenetics, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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26
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Ohno N, Terada N, Murata SI, Yamakawa H, Newsham IF, Katoh R, Ohara O, Ohno S. Immunolocalization of protein 4.1B/DAL-1 during neoplastic transformation of mouse and human intestinal epithelium. Histochem Cell Biol 2004; 122:579-86. [PMID: 15517334 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-004-0716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2004] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have reported that the protein 4.1B immunolocalization occurred only in matured columnar epithelial cells of normal rat intestines. This finding suggested that protein 4.1B expression could be examined for a possible change during neoplastic transformation of the intestinal mucosa. In the present study, we first present the distribution of mouse protein 4.1B in normal intestinal epithelial cells and tumor cells using the adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) mutant mouse model. A low level of protein 4.1B expression coincided with the phenotypic transition to carcinoma. To examine the protein 4.1B expression in human intestinal mucosa, we used another antibody against an isoform of the human protein 4.1B, DAL-1 (differentially expressed adenocarcinoma of the lung). Human DAL-1 was also expressed in matured epithelial cells in human colons, with a definite expression gradient along the crypt axis. In human colorectal cancer cells, however, DAL-1 expression was not detected. These results suggest that mouse protein 4.1B and human DAL-1 might have a striking analogy of functions, which may be integrally involved in epithelial proliferation. We propose that loss of protein 4.1B/DAL-1 expression might be a marker of intestinal tumors, indicative of a tumor suppressor function in the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Tamaho, 409-3898 Yamanashi, Japan.
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Wang Y, Jatkoe T, Zhang Y, Mutch MG, Talantov D, Jiang J, McLeod HL, Atkins D. Gene Expression Profiles and Molecular Markers To Predict Recurrence of Dukes' B Colon Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22:1564-71. [PMID: 15051756 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.08.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThe 5-year survival rate of patients with Dukes' B colon cancer is approximately 75%. Identification of the patients at high risk of recurrence in this group would allow better staging and more informed use of adjuvant chemotherapy. In this study, we used DNA chip technology to systematically identify new prognostic markers for tumor relapse in Dukes' B patients.Patients and MethodsUsing Affymetrix U133a GeneChip containing approximately 22,000 transcripts (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA), RNA samples from 74 patients with Dukes' B colon cancer were analyzed. Thirty-one patients developed tumor relapse in less than 3 years, whereas 43 patients remained disease-free for more than 3 years after surgery. Two supervised class prediction approaches were used to identify gene markers that can best discriminate between patients who would experience relapse and patients who would remain disease-free. A multivariate Cox model was built to predict recurrence.ResultsGene expression profiling identified a 23-gene signature that predicts recurrence in Dukes'B patients. This signature was validated in 36 independent patients. The overall performance accuracy was 78%. Thirteen of 18 relapse patients and 15 of 18 disease-free patients were predicted correctly, giving an odds ratio of 13 (95% CI, 2.6 to 65; P = .003). The log-rank test indicated a significant difference in disease-free time between the predicted relapse and disease-free patients (P = .0001).ConclusionThe clinical value of these markers is that the patients at a high predicted risk of relapse (13-fold risk) could be upstaged to receive adjuvant therapy, similar to Dukes' C patients. Our data highlight the feasibility of a prognostic assay that could focus more intensive treatment for localized colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Veridex, LLC, a Johnson & Johnson Company, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Robb VA, Li W, Gutmann DH. Disruption of 14-3-3 binding does not impair Protein 4.1B growth suppression. Oncogene 2004; 23:3589-96. [PMID: 15116094 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are common central nervous system tumors; however, the mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis are largely unknown. Collaborative studies from our laboratory demonstrated a direct association of 14-3-3 with the meningioma tumor suppressor Protein 4.1B, which was not observed with other members of the Protein 4.1 family, including the NF2 meningioma tumor suppressor, merlin/schwannomin. Given the role of 14-3-3 in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, we sought to determine the functional significance of 14-3-3 binding to Protein 4.1B growth suppression. Based on comparative binding studies performed with additional members of the Protein 4.1 family, we generated specific missense mutations within the minimal growth suppressor fragment of Protein 4.1B (DAL-1, differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung). Complementary in vitro GST affinity chromatography and in vivo interaction experiments demonstrated that the F359Y mutation abrogated binding to 14-3-3, but did not impair DAL-1 binding to other known Protein 4.1B interacting proteins. Similar to wild-type DAL-1, the expression of the F359Y DAL-1 14-3-3-binding mutant resulted in reduced Protein 4.1B-deficient IOMM-Lee and CH157-MN meningioma cell line colony formation. Moreover, similar to wild-type DAL-1, the stable expression of the DAL-1 F359Y mutant significantly reduced cell proliferation in independently isolated IOMM-Lee clones, as assessed by thymidine incorporation. Collectively, these results suggest that binding to 14-3-3 is not essential for the growth suppressor function of Protein 4.1B in meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Robb
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8111, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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29
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Li Q, Liang YD, Cheng J, Wang L, Zhang J, Shao Q, Liu M, Cheng ML. Screening and cloning of genes coding for leukocyte proteins interacting with NS5ATP9 by yeast-two hybrid technique. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:828-831. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i4.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the biological functions of NS5ATP9, and to screen proteins in leukocytes interacting NS5ATP9 protein by yeast-two hybrid.
METHODS: The NS5ATP9 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and NS5ATP9 bait plasmid was constructed by using yeast-two hybrid system 3, and the yeast AH109 was then transformed. The transformed yeast mated with yeast Y187 containing leukocytes cDNA library plasmid in 2×YPDA medium. Diploid yeast was plated on synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) and synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) containing X--gal for selecting two times and screening. After extracting and sequencing of plasmid DNA from blue colonies, we underwent analysis by bioinformatics.
RESULTS: Forty six colonies were sequenced, among which thirteen colonies were Homo sapiens immunoglobulin light chain, ten ubiquitin, two ferritin heavy chain, eleven Homo sapiens rearranged immunoglobulin lambda light chain, one 14-3-3 family protein, one Meningococcus PorA protein, three RNA polymerase III, one tobacco mitogen activated protein kinase, two cytochrome P450 II, one SLIT2 protein, and one dependent-protein kinase catalylic subunit.
CONCLUSION: Genes of NS5ATP9 interacting proteins in leukocytes are successfully cloned and the results bring some new clues for studying the biological functions of NS5ATP9 and associated proteins.
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Kittiniyom K, Mastronardi M, Roemer M, Wells WA, Greenberg ER, Titus-Ernstoff L, Newsham IF. Allele-specific loss of heterozygosity at theDAL-1/4.1B (EPB41L3) tumor-suppressor gene locus in the absence of mutation. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2004; 40:190-203. [PMID: 15138999 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
DAL-1/4.1B (EPB41L3)is a member of the protein 4.1 superfamily, which encompasses structural proteins that play important roles in membrane processes via interactions with actin, spectrin, and the cytoplasmic domains of integral membrane proteins. DAL-1/4.1B localizes within chromosomal region 18p11.3, which is affected by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in various adult tumors. Reintroduction of this protein into DAL-1/4.1B-null lung and breast tumor cell lines significantly reduced the number of cells, providing functional evidence that this protein possesses a growth suppressor function not confined to a single cell type. For characterization of the mutational mechanisms responsible for loss of DAL-1/4.1B function in tumors, the exon-intron structure of DAL-1/4.1B was examined for mutations in 15 normal/tumor pairs of non-small cell lung carcinoma by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. These studies revealed that small intragenic mutations are uncommon in DAL-1/4.1B. Furthermore, LOH analysis on 129 informative early-stage breast tumors utilizing a new intragenic C/T single-nucleotide polymorphism in exon 14 revealed that LOH resulted in preferential retention of the C-containing allele, suggesting that allele-specific loss is occurring. These studies indicate that mechanisms such as imprinting or monoallelic expression in combination with loss of heterozygosity may be responsible for loss of the DAL-1/4.1B protein in early breast disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Kittiniyom
- David and Doreen Hermelin Laboratory of Molecular Oncogenetics, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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31
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Abstract
The entire length of myelinated axons is organized into a series of polarized domains that center around nodes of Ranvier. These domains, which are crucial for normal saltatory conduction, consist of distinct multiprotein complexes of cell adhesion molecules, ion channels, and scaffolding molecules; they also differ in their diameter, organelle content, and rates of axonal transport. Juxtacrine signals from myelinating glia direct their sequential assembly. The composition, mechanisms of assembly, and function of these molecular domains will be reviewed. I also discuss similarities of this domain organization to that of polarized epithelia and present emerging evidence that disorders of domain organization and function contribute to the axonopathies of myelin and other neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Salzer
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurology, Program in Molecular Neurobiology, Skirball Institute of Biomedical Research, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Robb VA, Li W, Gascard P, Perry A, Mohandas N, Gutmann DH. Identification of a third Protein 4.1 tumor suppressor, Protein 4.1R, in meningioma pathogenesis. Neurobiol Dis 2003; 13:191-202. [PMID: 12901833 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-9961(03)00071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are common central nervous system tumors; however, the mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis are largely undefined. In this report, we demonstrate that a third Protein 4.1 family member, Protein 4.1R, functions as a meningioma tumor suppressor. We observed loss of Protein 4.1R expression in two meningioma cell lines (IOMM-Lee, CH157-MN) by Western blotting as well as in 6 of 15 sporadic meningiomas by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. In support of a meningioma tumor suppressor function, Protein 4.1R overexpression resulted in reduced IOMM-Lee and CH157-MN cell proliferation. Similar to the Protein 4.1B and merlin tumor suppressors, Protein 4.1R membrane localization increased significantly under conditions of growth arrest in vitro. Lastly, we show that Protein 4.1R interacted with a subset of merlin/Protein 4.1B interactors including CD44 and betaII-spectrin. Collectively, these results suggest that Protein 4.1R functions as an important tumor suppressor in the molecular pathogenesis of meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Robb
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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