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Hilda K, Bhuvaragavan S, Kamatchi R, Meenakumari M, Janarthanan S. Cloning, expression and characterization of arcelin and its impact on digestive enzymes of the stored product insect pest, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 180:104982. [PMID: 34955175 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pulse beetle Callosobruchus maculatus causes potential damage to legume crops by infesting the seeds, leading to a reduction of total protein content. Arcelin found in the wild accessions of the common bean, is an insecticidal protein that has the potency to hamper the metabolism of the bruchid beetle. The arcelin gene from the wild accession of Phaseolus lunatus was isolated and the ORF encoding 158 amino acids was cloned in pET-45b (+) vector. The recombinant clones were transformed in BL21 STAR (DE3) pLysS cells, and the expressed arcelin was purified using Ni-NTA column. The recombinant protein was used in preparing an artificial diet, and the insecticidal activity was elucidated against the bruchid pest C. maculatus. Adult emergence and seed damage were drastically reduced in the treated groups. The response towards ingested diet by digestive enzymes involved in metabolism was elucidated through quantitative gene expression. The highest expression was observed in the aminopeptidase, followed by upregulation of alpha-amylase, glycoside hydrolase family 31 and cathepsin D-like aspartic protease, and downregulation of cathepsin L-like cysteine protease. The recombinant arcelin demonstrates effective insecticidal activity against the bruchid beetle. The changes in digestive enzymes to counteract the anti-nutritional nature of the protein were the strategies of the insect defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppiah Hilda
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | | | | | - Mani Meenakumari
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Sundaram Janarthanan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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2
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Tivey TR, Parkinson JE, Mandelare PE, Adpressa DA, Peng W, Dong X, Mechref Y, Weis VM, Loesgen S. N-Linked Surface Glycan Biosynthesis, Composition, Inhibition, and Function in Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 80:223-236. [PMID: 31982929 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The success of symbioses between cnidarian hosts (e.g., corals and sea anemones) and micro-algal symbionts hinges on the molecular interactions that govern the establishment and maintenance of intracellular mutualisms. As a fundamental component of innate immunity, glycan-lectin interactions impact the onset of marine endosymbioses, but our understanding of the effects of cell surface glycome composition on symbiosis establishment remains limited. In this study, we examined the canonical N-glycan biosynthesis pathway in the genome of the dinoflagellate symbiont Breviolum minutum (family Symbiodiniaceae) and found it to be conserved with the exception of the transferase GlcNAc-TII (MGAT2). Using coupled liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we characterized the cell surface N-glycan content of B. minutum, providing the first insight into the molecular composition of surface glycans in dinoflagellates. We then used the biosynthesis inhibitors kifunensine and swainsonine to alter the glycan composition of B. minutum. Successful high-mannose enrichment via kifunensine treatment resulted in a significant decrease in colonization of the model sea anemone Aiptasia (Exaiptasia pallida) by B. minutum. Hybrid glycan enrichment via swainsonine treatment, however, could not be confirmed and did not impact colonization. We conclude that functional Golgi processing of N-glycans is critical for maintaining appropriate cell surface glycan composition and for ensuring colonization success by B. minutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor R Tivey
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - John Everett Parkinson
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paige E Mandelare
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA
| | - Donovon A Adpressa
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenjing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Virginia M Weis
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Sandra Loesgen
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA.
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Stahl E, Hilfiker O, Reymond P. Plant-arthropod interactions: who is the winner? THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:703-728. [PMID: 29160609 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Herbivorous arthropods have interacted with plants for millions of years. During feeding they release chemical cues that allow plants to detect the attack and mount an efficient defense response. A signaling cascade triggers the expression of hundreds of genes, which encode defensive proteins and enzymes for synthesis of toxic metabolites. This direct defense is often complemented by emission of volatiles that attract beneficial parasitoids. In return, arthropods have evolved strategies to interfere with plant defenses, either by producing effectors to inhibit detection and downstream signaling steps, or by adapting to their detrimental effect. In this review, we address the current knowledge on the molecular and chemical dialog between plants and herbivores, with an emphasis on co-evolutionary aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Stahl
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Hilfiker
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Kouzuma Y, Irie S, Yamazaki R, Yonekura M. Purification and cDNA cloning of a lectin and a lectin-like protein from Apios americana Medikus tubers. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:574-81. [PMID: 25036952 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.885822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An Apios americana lectin (AAL) and a lectin-like protein (AALP) were purified from tubers by chromatography on Butyl-Cellulofine, ovomucoid-Cellulofine, and DEAE-Cellulofine columns. AAL showed strong hemagglutinating activity toward chicken and goose erythrocytes, but AALP showed no such activity toward any of the erythrocytes tested. The hemagglutinating activity of AAL was not inhibited by mono- or disaccharides, but was inhibited by glycoproteins, such as asialofetuin and ovomucoid, suggesting that AAL is an oligosaccharide-specific lectin. The cDNAs of AAL and AALP consist of 1,093 and 1,104 nucleotides and encode proteins of 302 and 274 amino acid residues, respectively. Both amino acid sequences showed high similarity to known legume lectins, and those of their amino acids involved in carbohydrate and metal binding were conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Kouzuma
- a Laboratory of Food Molecular Functionality , College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University , Ibaraki , Japan
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5
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Hivrale AU, Ingale AG. Plant as a plenteous reserve of lectin. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e26595. [PMID: 24084524 PMCID: PMC4091380 DOI: 10.4161/psb.26595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are clusters of glycoproteins of nonimmune foundation that combine specifically and reversibly to carbohydrates, mainly the sugar moiety of glycoconjugates, resulting in cell agglutination and precipitation of glycoconjugates. They are universally distributed in nature, being established in plants, fungi, viruses, bacteria, crustacea, insects, and animals, but leguminacae plants are rich source of lectins. The present review reveals the structure, biological properties, and application of plant lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- AU Hivrale
- Department of Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; North Maharashtra University; Jalgaon, India
| | - AG Ingale
- Department of Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; North Maharashtra University; Jalgaon, India
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Kumar S, Verma AK, Das M, Jain S, Dwivedi PD. Clinical complications of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) consumption. Nutrition 2013; 29:821-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zaugg I, Magni C, Panzeri D, Daminati MG, Bollini R, Benrey B, Bacher S, Sparvoli F. QUES, a new Phaseolus vulgaris genotype resistant to common bean weevils, contains the Arcelin-8 allele coding for new lectin-related variants. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:647-661. [PMID: 23117719 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-2008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the most abundant seed proteins are the storage protein phaseolin and the family of closely related APA proteins (arcelin, phytohemagglutinin and α-amylase inhibitor). High variation in APA protein composition has been described and the presence of arcelin (Arc) has been associated with bean resistance against two bruchid beetles, the bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say) and the Mexican bean weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatus Bohemian). So far, seven Arc variants have been identified, all in wild accessions, however, only those containing Arc-4 were reported to be resistant to both species. Although many efforts have been made, a successful breeding of this genetic trait into cultivated genotypes has not yet been achieved. Here, we describe a newly collected wild accession (named QUES) and demonstrate its resistance to both A. obtectus and Z. subfasciatus. Immunological and proteomic analyses of QUES seed protein composition indicated the presence of new Arc and arcelin-like (ARL) polypeptides of about 30 and 27 kDa, respectively. Sequencing of cDNAs coding for QUES APA proteins confirmed that this accession contains new APA variants, here referred to as Arc-8 and ARL-8. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis showed the two proteins are closely related to APA components present in the G12949 wild bean accession, which contains the Arc-4 variant. The presence of these new APA components, combined with the observations that they are poorly digested and remain very abundant in A. obtectus feces, so-called frass, suggest that the QUES APA locus is involved in the bruchid resistance. Moreover, molecular analysis indicated a lower complexity of the locus compared to that of G12949, suggesting that QUES should be considered a valuable source of resistance for further breeding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Zaugg
- Unit of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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8
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Janarthanan S, Sakthivelkumar S, Veeramani V, Radhika D, Muthukrishanan S. A new variant of antimetabolic protein, arcelin from an Indian bean, Lablab purpureus (Linn.) and its effect on the stored product pest, Callosobruchus maculatus. Food Chem 2012; 135:2839-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Rao DH, Vishweshwaraiah YL, Gowda LR. The enzymatic lectin of field bean (Dolichos lablab): salt assisted lectin-sugar interaction. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 83:7-14. [PMID: 22959225 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Field bean seed contains a Gal/GalNAc lectin (DLL-II) that exhibits associated polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and does not bind to its sugar specific affinity matrix. The molecular basis for this lack of binding is not known. The DLL-II gene was therefore cloned and its sequence analyzed. A conserved aromatic residue in the sugar binding site required for a stacking interaction with the apolar backbone of Gal is replaced by His in DLL-II, which explains the lack of binding. However, specific sugar binding is achieved by including (NH₄)₂SO₄ in the buffer. Interestingly two other salts of the Hofmeister series, K₂HPO₄ and Na₂SO₄ also assist binding to immobilized galactose. In the presence of (NH₄)₂SO₄ the surface hydrophobicity of DLL-II and dissociation constant for 8-anilino 1-naphthalene sulfonic acid were enhanced three fold. This increased surface hydrophobicity in the presence of salt is probably the cause for assisted sugar binding in legume lectins that lack aromatic stacking interactions. Accordingly, two other lectins which lack the conserved aromatic residue show similar salt assisted binding. The salt concentrations required for Gal/GalNAc binding are not physiologically relevant in vivo, suggesting that the role of DLL-II per se in the seed is primarily that of a PPO purportedly for plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devavratha H Rao
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
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10
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Chan YS, Wong JH, Fang EF, Pan W, Ng TB. Isolation of a glucosamine binding leguminous lectin with mitogenic activity towards splenocytes and anti-proliferative activity towards tumor cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38961. [PMID: 22720002 PMCID: PMC3375228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A dimeric 64-kDa glucosamine-specific lectin was purified from seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. “brown kidney bean.” The simple 2-step purification protocol involved affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel and gel filtration by FPLC on Superdex 75. The lectin was absorbed on Affi-gel blue gel and desorbed using 1M NaCl in the starting buffer. Gel filtration on Superdex 75 yielded a major absorbance peak that gave a single 32-kDa band in SDS-PAGE. Hemagglutinating activity was completely preserved when the ambient temperature was in the range of 20°C–60°C. However, drastic reduction of the activity occurred at temperatures above 65°C. Full hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was observed at an ambient pH of 3 to 12. About 50% activity remained at pH 0–2, and only residual activity was observed at pH 13–14. Hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was inhibited by glucosamine. The brown kidney bean lectin elicited maximum mitogenic activity toward murine splenocytes at 2.5 µM. The mitogenic activity was nearly completely eliminated in the presence of 250 mM glucosamine. The lectin also increased mRNA expression of the cytokines IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ. The lectin exhibited antiproliferative activity toward human breast cancer (MCF7) cells, hepatoma (HepG2) cells and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (CNE1 and CNE2) cells with IC50 of 5.12 µM, 32.85 µM, 3.12 µM and 40.12 µM respectively after treatment for 24 hours. Flow cytometry with Annexin V and propidum iodide staining indicated apoptosis of MCF7 cells. Hoechst 33342 staining also indicated formation of apoptotic bodies in MCF7 cells after exposure to brown kidney bean lectin. Western blotting revealed that the lectin-induced apoptosis involved ER stress and unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau Sang Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Evandro Fei Fang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wenliang Pan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- * E-mail:
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Martinez DST, Freire MDGM, Mazzafera P, Araujo-Júnior RT, Bueno RD, Macedo MLR. Insecticidal effect of labramin, a lectin-like protein isolated from seeds of the beach apricot tree, Labramia bojeri, on the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2012; 12:62. [PMID: 22938183 PMCID: PMC3481466 DOI: 10.1673/031.012.6201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the insecticidal effect of labramin, a protein that shows lectin-like properties. Labramin was isolated from seeds of the Beach Apricot tree, Labramia bojeri A. DC ex Dubard (Ericales: Sapotaceae), and assessed against the development of the Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), an important pest of stored products such as corn, wheat, rice, and flour. Results showed that labramin caused 90% larval mortality when incorporated in an artificial diet at a level of 1% (w/w). The presence of 0.25% labramin in the diet affected the larval and pupal developmental periods and the percentage of emerging adults. Treatments resulted in elevated levels of trypsin activity in midgut and fecal materials, indicating that labramin may have affected enzyme-regulatory mechanisms by perturbing peritrophic membranes in the midgut of is. kuehniella larvae. The results of dietary experiments with E. kuehniella larvae showed a reduced efficiency for the conversion of ingested and digested food, and an increase in approximate digestibility and metabolic cost. These findings suggest that labramin may hold promise as a control agent to engineer crop plants for insect resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Stéfani Teodoro Martinez
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos e Saúde Pública, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas,
SP, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Machado Freire
- Laboratório de Química e Biomoléculas (LAQUIBIO), Centro de Pesquisas e Pós-graduação, lnstitutos Superiores do CENSA (ISECENSA), Campos do Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Departamento de Fisiologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP),
Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Theodoro Araujo-Júnior
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos e Saúde Pública, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Delmond Bueno
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos e Saúde Pública, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos e Saúde Pública, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas,
SP, Brazil
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Ahmad P, Ashraf M, Younis M, Hu X, Kumar A, Akram NA, Al-Qurainy F. Role of transgenic plants in agriculture and biopharming. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 30:524-40. [PMID: 21959304 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
At present, environmental degradation and the consistently growing population are two main problems on the planet earth. Fulfilling the needs of this growing population is quite difficult from the limited arable land available on the globe. Although there are legal, social and political barriers to the utilization of biotechnology, advances in this field have substantially improved agriculture and human life to a great extent. One of the vital tools of biotechnology is genetic engineering (GE) which is used to modify plants, animals and microorganisms according to desired needs. In fact, genetic engineering facilitates the transfer of desired characteristics into other plants which is not possible through conventional plant breeding. A variety of crops have been engineered for enhanced resistance to a multitude of stresses such as herbicides, insecticides, viruses and a combination of biotic and abiotic stresses in different crops including rice, mustard, maize, potato, tomato, etc. Apart from the use of GE in agriculture, it is being extensively employed to modify the plants for enhanced production of vaccines, hormones, etc. Vaccines against certain diseases are certainly available in the market, but most of them are very costly. Developing countries cannot afford the disease control through such cost-intensive vaccines. Alternatively, efforts are being made to produce edible vaccines which are cheap and have many advantages over the commercialized vaccines. Transgenic plants generated for this purpose are capable of expressing recombinant proteins including viral and bacterial antigens and antibodies. Common food plants like banana, tomato, rice, carrot, etc. have been used to produce vaccines against certain diseases like hepatitis B, cholera, HIV, etc. Thus, the up- and down-regulation of desired genes which are used for the modification of plants have a marked role in the improvement of genetic crops. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the role of genetic engineering in generating transgenic lines/cultivars of different crops with improved nutrient quality, biofuel production, enhanced production of vaccines and antibodies, increased resistance against insects, herbicides, diseases and abiotic stresses as well as the safety measures for their commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, A.S. College, 190008, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
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Macedo MLR, Freire MDGM, Kubo CEG, Parra JRP. Bioinsecticidal activity of Talisia esculenta reserve protein on growth and serine digestive enzymes during larval development of Anticarsia gemmatalis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 153:24-33. [PMID: 20692365 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Plants synthesize a variety of molecules to defend themselves against an attack by insects. Talisin is a reserve protein from Talisia esculenta seeds, the first to be characterized from the family Sapindaceae. In this study, the insecticidal activity of Talisin was tested by incorporating the reserve protein into an artificial diet fed to the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis, the major pest of soybean crops in Brazil. At 1.5% (w/w) of the dietary protein, Talisin affected larval growth, pupal weight, development and mortality, adult fertility and longevity, and produced malformations in pupae and adult insects. Talisin inhibited the trypsin-like activity of larval midgut homogenates. The trypsin activity in Talisin-fed larvae was sensitive to Talisin, indicating that no novel protease-resistant to Talisin was induced in Talisin-fed larvae. Affinity chromatography showed that Talisin bound to midgut proteinases of the insect A. gemmatalis, but was resistant to enzymatic digestion by these larval proteinases. The transformation of genes coding for this reserve protein could be useful for developing insect resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lígia R Macedo
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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Fang EF, Lin P, Wong JH, Tsao SW, Ng TB. A lectin with anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, antitumor, and nitric oxide inducing activities from seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. extralong autumn purple bean. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:2221-9. [PMID: 20095617 DOI: 10.1021/jf903964u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Lectins/hemagglutinins are a class of sugar-binding proteins which agglutinate cells and/or precipitate glycoconjugates. They occur widely in plants but manifest significant differences in activities, which means only a few of them own exploitable potentials. The objective of this study was to find and characterize a multifunctional plant lectin with high potential values in food chemistry and medicine. A 60-kDa lectin from Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Extralong Autumn Purple Bean (EAPL) was purified by liquid chromatography, and the sequence of its first 20 N-terminal amino acids was ANEIYFSFQRFNETNLILQR. It was galactose-specific and manifested hemagglutinating activity toward erythrocytes of rabbit, rat, mouse, and human ABO blood types. EAPL manifested anti-HIV-1-RT activity, and it could inhibit the proliferation of human tumor cells by inducing the production of apoptotic bodies. The nitric oxide-inducing activity of EAPL may find application in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Fei Fang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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Purification and characterization of a lectin from Phaseolus vulgaris cv. (Anasazi beans). J Biomed Biotechnol 2009; 2009:929568. [PMID: 19343172 PMCID: PMC2661133 DOI: 10.1155/2009/929568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A lectin has been isolated from seeds of the Phaseolus vulgaris cv. “Anasazi beans” using a procedure that involved affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel, fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC)-ion exchange chromatography on Mono S, and FPLC-gel filtration on Superdex 200. The lectin was comprised of two 30-kDa subunits with substantial N-terminal sequence similarity to other Phaseolus lectins. The hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was stable within the pH range of 1–14 and the temperature range of 0–80°C. The lectin potently suppressed proliferation of MCF-7 (breast cancer) cells with an IC50 of 1.3 μM, and inhibited the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC50 of 7.6 μM. The lectin evoked a mitogenic response from murine splenocytes as evidenced by an increase in [3H-methyl]-thymidine incorporation. The lectin had no antifungal activity. It did not stimulate nitric oxide production by murine peritoneal macrophages. Chemical modification results indicated that tryptophan was crucial for the hemagglutinating activity of the lectin.
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Shimizu-Ibuka A, Nakai Y, Nakamori K, Morita Y, Nakajima KI, Kadota K, Watanabe H, Okubo S, Terada T, Asakura T, Misaka T, Abe K. Biochemical and genomic analysis of neoculin compared to monocot mannose-binding lectins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:5338-5344. [PMID: 18537258 DOI: 10.1021/jf800214b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Neoculin occurring in an edible tropical fruit is a heterodimeric protein which has both sweetness and a taste-modifying activity that converts sourness to sweetness. Both the primary and the overall tertiary structures of neoculin resemble those of monocot mannose-binding lectins. This study investigated differences in biochemical properties between neoculin and the lectins. Structural comparison between the mannose-binding sites of lectins and the corresponding regions of neoculin showed that there is at least one amino acid substitution at each site in neoculin, suggesting a reason for the lack of its mannose-binding ability. This was consistent with hemagglutination assay data demonstrating that neoculin had no detectable agglutinin activity. DNA microarray analysis indicated that neoculin had no significant influence on gene expression in Caco-2 cell, whereas kidney bean lectin (Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin) greatly influenced various gene expressions. These data strongly suggest that neoculin has no lectin-like properties, encouraging its practical use in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Shimizu-Ibuka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry and Agricultural Bioinformatics Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Janarthanan S, Suresh P, Radke G, Morgan TD, Oppert B. Arcelins from an Indian wild pulse, Lablab purpureus, and insecticidal activity in storage pests. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:1676-1682. [PMID: 18260629 DOI: 10.1021/jf071591g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A partially purified protein fraction was isolated from seed flour of the Indian wild bean, Lablab purpureus, by ion exchange and size-exclusion chromatographies. Partially purified L. purpureus proteins had hemagglutination and glycoslyation properties similar to those of lectins or lectin-like proteins from other pulses. Data obtained from two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, MALDI-TOF, and MALDI-TOF/TOF and N-terminal protein sequencing of the isolated polypeptides from L. purpureus demonstrated that the extract contained proteins similar to isoforms of arcelins 3 and 4 and pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PvPR1) of Phaseolus vulgaris. L. purpureus proteins were resistant to degradation by the commercial enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin and were moderately resistant to pepsin, but were readily hydrolyzed to smaller peptides by papain. Insect feeding bioassays of the extract with the storage pests Rhyzopertha dominica and Oryzaephilus surinamensis, internal and external feeders of grain, respectively, demonstrated that L. purpureus proteins at 2% in the diet resulted in retarded development. However, a 5% dose of the L. purpureus fraction resulted in complete mortality of all larvae in both species. This study has demonstrated that proteins in the partially purified L. purpureus extract have the potential to control storage pests in cereals transformed with L. purpureus defense-related genes, but the need for more studies regarding efficacy and safety is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Janarthanan
- Thiagarajar Center for Entomological Science, Department of Zoology, Thiagarajar College (Autonomous), Madurai 625009, India
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Boleti APDA, Freire MDGM, Coelho MB, Silva WD, Baldasso PA, Gomes VM, Marangoni S, Novello JC, Macedo MLR. Insecticidal and antifungal activity of a protein from Pouteria torta seeds with lectin-like properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:2653-8. [PMID: 17348680 DOI: 10.1021/jf0636317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the purification and characterization of a novel protein from the seeds of Pouteria torta (family Sapotaceae). The protein was purified by a combination of gel filtration, ion-exchange, and reverse phase chromatographies. SDS-PAGE of the purified protein resulted in a single protein band of 14 kDa in the presence and absence of DTT. The lectin-like activity of pouterin was best inhibited by glycoproteins such as fetuin, asialofetuin, heparin, orosomucoid, and ovoalbumin. Pouterin inhibited the growth of the fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum musae and of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The incorporation of pouterin into an artificial diet (final concentration = 0.12%, w/w) caused 50% mortality in larvae of the insect Callosobruchus maculatus, whereas 0.08% pouterin produced an ED50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula de A Boleti
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 210, CEP 79603-011 Três Lagoas, MS, Brazil
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Lannoo N, Peumans WJ, Pamel EV, Alvarez R, Xiong TC, Hause G, Mazars C, Van Damme EJM. Localization and in vitro binding studies suggest that the cytoplasmic/nuclear tobacco lectin can interact in situ with high-mannose and complex N-glycans. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:6329-37. [PMID: 17084390 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Revised: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The possible in vivo interaction of the Nicotiana tabacum agglutinin (Nictaba) with endogenous glycoproteins was corroborated using a combination of confocal/electron microscopy of an EGFP-Nictaba fusion protein expressed in tobacco Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) cells and biochemical analyses. In vitro binding studies demonstrated that the expressed EGFP-Nictaba possesses carbohydrate-binding activity. Microscopic analyses confirmed the previously reported cytoplasmic/nuclear location of Nictaba in jasmonate-treated tobacco leaves and provided evidence for the involvement of a nuclear localization signal-dependent transport mechanism. In addition, it became evident that the lectin is not uniformly distributed over the nucleus and the cytoplasm of BY-2 cells. Far Western blot analysis of extracts from whole BY-2 cells and purified nuclei revealed that Nictaba interacts in a glycan inhibitable way with numerous proteins including many nuclear proteins. Enzymatic deglycosylation with PNGase F indicated that the observed interaction depends on the presence of N-glycans. Glycan array screening, which showed that Nictaba exhibits a strong affinity for high-mannose and complex N-glycans, provided a reasonable explanation for this observation. The cytoplasmic/nuclear localization of a plant lectin that has a high affinity for high-mannose and complex N-glycans and specifically interacts with conspecific glycoproteins suggests that N-glycosylated proteins might be more important in the cytoplasm and nucleus than is currently believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausicaä Lannoo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Macedo MLR, Freire MDGM, Martins LTDM, Martinez DST, Gomes VM, Smolka MB, Toyama MH, Marangoni S, Coelho LCBB. Novel protein from Labramia bojeri A. DC. seeds homologue to Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor with lectin-like properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:7548-7554. [PMID: 15675802 DOI: 10.1021/jf048535p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study starts by isolating and characterizing the first protein from Labramia bojeri seeds, which belong to the Sapotaceae family. The purified lectin analyzed by SDS-PAGE with and without beta-mercaptoethanol shows two protein bands (M(r) = 19 and 20 kDa), which cannot be resolved. Protein bands have shown similar characteristics as molecular masses, determined by gel filtration and native gel; N-terminal sequences presented a difference in their isoelectric points. We have suggested that those protein bands might be variants of the protein named Labramin. The sequence database search has shown that the N-terminal sequence of Labramin presented a high degree of homology to Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor (82-52%) despite no trypsin inhibition activity detection. The lectin-like form from Labramin was better inhibited by glycoproteins and has also presented growth inhibition of the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but it has not presented an apparent effect on Fusarium oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 210, CEP 79603-011, Três Lagoas, MS, Brazil.
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Ngai PHK, Ng TB. A napin-like polypeptide with translation-inhibitory, trypsin-inhibitory, antiproliferative and antibacterial activities from kale seeds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 64:202-8. [PMID: 15485558 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2004.00186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A heterodimeric napin-like polypeptide with translation-inhibiting and antibacterial activities has been isolated from kale seeds. The purification procedure entailed ion-exchange chromatography on dielthylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose, affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel, ion-exchange chromatography by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) on Mono S, and gel filtration by FPLC on Superdex 75. The napin-like polypeptide was unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose but adsorbed on Affi-gel blue gel and Mono S. Its 7-kDa large subunit differs in N-terminal amino acid sequence from the 4-kDa small subunit. The polypeptide inhibited translation in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system with an IC50 of 37.5 nM. This activity was preserved between pH 5 and pH 11, and between 10 and 40 degrees C. It fell to a low level at pH 3 and pH 13 and at 70 degrees C. Antibacterial activity against Bacillus, Megabacterium, and Pseudomonas species and antiproliferative activity against leukemia L1210 cells were observed. However, the polypeptide did not exert antifungal, ribonuclease, or protease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H K Ngai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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22
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Barre A, Peumans WJ, Rossignol M, Borderies G, Culerrier R, Van Damme EJM, Rougé P. Artocarpin is a polyspecific jacalin-related lectin with a monosaccharide preference for mannose. Biochimie 2004; 86:685-91. [PMID: 15556279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2004.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2004] [Accepted: 09/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A reinvestigation of the carbohydrate-binding properties revealed that artocarpin, a previously described mannose-specific lectin from jackfruit (Artocarpus integrifolia) seeds, behaves as a polyspecific lectin. Surface plasmon resonance hapten inhibition experiments demonstrated that artocarpin readily interacted with a wide range of monosaccharides covering galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, mannose, glucose, sialic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid. Molecular docking confirmed this unexpected ability of artocarpin to interact with structurally different sugars. The biological significance of the polyspecificity of the lectin is discussed in terms of the broadening of the range of potential target glycans present on the surface of plant phytopathogens or predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Barre
- Surfaces Cellulaires et Signalisation chez les Végétaux, UMR-CNRS 5546, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, 24 chemin de Borde-Rouge, BP 17, Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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23
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Ngai PHK, Ng TB. Isolation of a napin-like polypeptide with potent translation-inhibitory activity from Chinese cabbage (Brassica parachinensis cv green-stalked) seeds. J Pept Sci 2003; 9:442-9. [PMID: 12916641 DOI: 10.1002/psc.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A heterodimeric napin-like polypeptide was isolated from Brassica parachinensis seeds with a procedure involving ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel, FPLC-ion exchange chromatography on Mono S and FPLC-gel filtration on Superdex 75. The N-terminal sequence of the 5 kDa subunit of the polypeptide (PAGPFRIPKKRKKEE) showed high homology with other 2S storage proteins like napins and albumins. The polypeptide potently inhibited translation in a cell free system with an IC50 of 6.2 nM. The translation-inhibiting activity of the polypeptide was relatively stable in the pH range 6-11 and in the temperature range 10-50 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H K Ngai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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24
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A structural basis for the difference in specificity between the two jacalin-related lectins from mulberry (Morus nigra) bark. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 304:91-7. [PMID: 12705889 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00538-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The activity and specificity of a galactose-specific and a mannose-specific jacalin-related lectin from the bark of the black mulberry (Morus nigra) tree has been re-investigated using different experimental approaches. Both lectins definitely behave as polyspecific lectins recognizing galactose, mannose, and glucose even though MornigaG and MornigaM interact preferentially with galactose and mannose, respectively. The exceptionally extended size of the carbohydrate-binding site of both lectins apparently accounts for their polyspecific character. Parallel studies with other mannose-specific jacalin-related lectins confirmed that their exclusive specificity towards mannose/glucose relies on a reduced size of their carbohydrate-binding site.
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Wang W, Peumans WJ, Rougé P, Rossi C, Proost P, Chen J, Van Damme EJM. Leaves of the Lamiaceae species Glechoma hederacea (ground ivy) contain a lectin that is structurally and evolutionary related to the legume lectins. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2003; 33:293-304. [PMID: 12535343 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel lectin has been isolated and cloned from leaves of Glechoma hederacea (ground ivy), a typical representative of the plant family Lamiaceae. Biochemical analyses indicated that the G. hederacea agglutinin (Gleheda) is a tetrameric protein consisting of four subunits pairwise linked through an interchain disulphide bridge and exhibits a preferential specificity towards N-acetylgalactosamine. Cloning of the corresponding gene and molecular modeling of the deduced sequence demonstrated that Gleheda shares high sequence similarity with the legume lectins and exhibits the same overall fold and three-dimensional structure as the classical legume lectins. The identification of a soluble and active legume lectin ortholog in G. hederacea not only indicates that the yet unclassified Lamiaceae lectins belong to the same lectin family as the legume lectins, but also sheds a new light on the specificity, physiological role and evolution of the classical legume lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Wang
- Laboratory for Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Houlès Astoul C, Peumans WJ, van Damme EJM, Barre A, Bourne Y, Rougé P. The size, shape and specificity of the sugar-binding site of the jacalin-related lectins is profoundly affected by the proteolytic cleavage of the subunits. Biochem J 2002; 367:817-24. [PMID: 12169094 PMCID: PMC1222947 DOI: 10.1042/bj20020856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2002] [Revised: 07/17/2002] [Accepted: 08/08/2002] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mannose-specific lectins with high sequence similarity to jacalin and the Maclura pomifera agglutinin have been isolated from species belonging to the families Moraceae, Convolvulaceae, Brassicaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae and Musaceae. Although these novel mannose-specific lectins are undoubtedly related to the galactose-specific Moraceae lectins there are several important differences. Apart from the obvious differences in specificity, the mannose- and galactose-specific jacalin-related lectins differ in what concerns their biosynthesis and processing, intracellular location and degree of oligomerization of the protomers. Taking into consideration that the mannose-specific lectins are widely distributed in higher plants, whereas their galactose-specific counterparts are confined to a subgroup of the Moraceae sp. one can reasonably assume that the galactose-specific Moraceae lectins are a small-side group of the main family. The major change that took place in the structure of the binding site of the diverging Moraceae lectins concerns a proteolytic cleavage close to the N-terminus of the protomer. To corroborate the impact of this change, the specificity of jacalin was re-investigated using surface plasmon resonance analysis. This approach revealed that in addition to galactose and N -acetylgalactosamine, the carbohydrate-binding specificity of jacalin extends to mannose, glucose, N -acetylmuramic acid and N -acetylneuraminic acid. Owing to this broad carbohydrate-binding specificity, jacalin is capable of recognizing complex glycans from plant pathogens or predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Houlès Astoul
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, UMR-CNRS 5089, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Carlini CR, Grossi-de-Sá MF. Plant toxic proteins with insecticidal properties. A review on their potentialities as bioinsecticides. Toxicon 2002; 40:1515-39. [PMID: 12419503 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(02)00240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To meet the demands for food of the expanding world population, there is need of new ways for protecting plant crops against predators and pathogens while avoiding the use of environmentally aggressive chemicals. A milestone in this field was the introduction into crop plants of genes expressing Bacillus thuringiensis entomotoxic proteins. In spite of the success of this new technology, however, there are difficulties for acceptance of these 'anti-natural' products by the consumers and some concerns about its biosafety in mammals. An alternative could be exploring the plant's own defense mechanisms, by manipulating the expression of their endogenous defense proteins, or introducing an insect control gene derived from another plant. This review deals with the biochemical features and mechanisms of actions of plant proteins supposedly involved in defense mechanisms against insects, including lectins, ribosome-inactivating proteins, enzymes inhibitors, arcelins, chitinases, ureases, and modified storage proteins. The potentialities of genetic engineering of plants with increased resistance to insect predation relying on the repertoire of genes found in plants are also discussed. Several different genes encoding plant entomotoxic proteins have been introduced into crop genomes and many of these insect resistant plants are now being tested in field conditions or awaiting commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia R Carlini
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91.501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Peumans WJ, Barre A, Bras J, Rougé P, Proost P, Van Damme EJM. The liverwort contains a lectin that is structurally and evolutionary related to the monocot mannose-binding lectins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 129:1054-1065. [PMID: 12114560 PMCID: PMC166500 DOI: 10.1104/pp.010959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2001] [Revised: 12/12/2001] [Accepted: 02/27/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A mannose (Man)-binding lectin has been isolated and characterized from the thallus of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. N-terminal sequencing indicated that the M. polymorpha agglutinin (Marpola) shares sequence similarity with the superfamily of monocot Man-binding lectins. Searches in the databases yielded expressed sequence tags encoding Marpola. Sequence analysis, molecular modeling, and docking experiments revealed striking structural similarities between Marpola and the monocot Man-binding lectins. Activity and specificity studies further indicated that Marpola is a much stronger agglutinin than the Galanthus nivalis agglutinin and exhibits a preference for methylated Man and glucose, which is unprecedented within the family of monocot Man-binding lectins. The discovery of Marpola allows us, for the first time, to corroborate the evolutionary relationship between a lectin from a lower plant and a well-established lectin family from flowering plants. In addition, the identification of Marpola sheds a new light on the molecular evolution of the superfamily of monocot Man-binding lectins. Beside evolutionary considerations, the occurrence of a G. nivalis agglutinin homolog in a lower plant necessitates the rethinking of the physiological role of the whole family of monocot Man-binding lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy J Peumans
- Laboratory for Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Bourne Y, Astoul CH, Zamboni V, Peumans WJ, Menu-Bouaouiche L, Van Damme EJM, Barre A, Rougé P. Structural basis for the unusual carbohydrate-binding specificity of jacalin towards galactose and mannose. Biochem J 2002; 364:173-80. [PMID: 11988090 PMCID: PMC1222559 DOI: 10.1042/bj3640173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is presented that the specificity of jacalin, the seed lectin from jack fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia), is not directed exclusively against the T-antigen disaccharide Galbeta1,3GalNAc, lactose and galactose, but also against mannose and oligomannosides. Biochemical analyses based on surface-plasmon-resonance measurements, combined with the X-ray-crystallographic determination of the structure of a jacalin-alpha-methyl-mannose complex at 2 A resolution, demonstrated clearly that jacalin is fully capable of binding mannose. Besides mannose, jacalin also interacts readily with glucose, N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid. Structural analyses demonstrated that the relatively large size of the carbohydrate-binding site enables jacalin to accommodate monosaccharides with different hydroxyl conformations and provided unambiguous evidence that the beta-prism structure of jacalin is a sufficiently flexible structural scaffold to confer different carbohydrate-binding specificities to a single lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Bourne
- AFMB, UMR-CNRS 6098, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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Ye XY, Ng TB, Tsang PW, Wang J. Isolation of a homodimeric lectin with antifungal and antiviral activities from red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2001; 20:367-75. [PMID: 11732688 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012276619686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A homodimeric lectin adsorbed on Affi-gel blue gel and CM-Sepharose and possessing a molecular weight of 67 kDa was isolated from red kidney beans. The hemagglutinating activity of this lectin was inhibited by glycoproteins but not by simple sugars. The lectin manifested inhibitory activity on human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase and alpha-glucosidase. The N-terminal sequence of the lectin exhibited some differences from previously reported lectins from Phaseolus vulgaris but showed some similarity to chitinases. It exerted a suppressive effect on growth of the fungal species Fusarium oxysporum, Coprinus comatus, and Rhizoctonia solani. The lectin had low ribonuclease and negligible translation-inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT
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31
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Sales MP, Gerhardt IR, Grossi-De-Sá MF, Xavier-Filho J. Do legume storage proteins play a role in defending seeds against bruchids? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 124:515-22. [PMID: 11027702 PMCID: PMC1539283 DOI: 10.1104/pp.124.2.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M P Sales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Van Damme EJ, Astoul CH, Barre A, Rougé P, Peumans WJ. Cloning and characterization of a monocot mannose-binding lectin from Crocus vernus (family Iridaceae). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:5067-77. [PMID: 10931189 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The molecular structure and carbohydrate-binding activity of the lectin from bulbs of spring crocus (Crocus vernus) has been determined unambiguously using a combination of protein analysis and cDNA cloning. Molecular cloning revealed that the lectin called C. vernus agglutinin (CVA) is encoded by a precursor consisting of two tandemly arrayed lectin domains with a reasonable sequence similarity to the monocot mannose-binding lectins. Post-translational cleavage of the precursor yields two equally sized polypeptides. Mature CVA consists of two pairs of polypeptides and hence is a heterotetrameric protein. Surface plasmon resonance studies of the interaction of the crocus lectin with high mannose-type glycans showed that the lectin interacts specifically with exposed alpha-1,3-dimannosyl motifs. Molecular modelling studies confirmed further the close relationships in overall fold and three-dimensional structure of the mannose-binding sites of the crocus lectin and other monocot mannose-binding lectins. However, docking experiments indicate that only one of the six putative mannose-binding sites of the CVA protomer is active. These results can explain the weak carbohydrate-binding activity and low specific agglutination activity of the lectin. As the cloning and characterization of the spring crocus lectin demonstrate that the monocot mannose-binding lectins occur also within the family Iridaceae a refined model of the molecular evolution of this lectin family is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Van Damme
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.
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Paes NS, Gerhardt IR, Coutinho MV, Yokoyama M, Santana E, Harris N, Chrispeels MJ, Grossi de Sa MF. The effect of arcelin-1 on the structure of the midgut of bruchid larvae and immunolocalization of the arcelin protein. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 46:393-402. [PMID: 12770203 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1910(99)00122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Some wild accessions of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) contain a family of proteins called arcelins, that are toxic to the larvae of certain bruchid species. Among the six allelic variants of arcelin tested so far, arcelin-5 and arcelin-1 confer the highest level of resistance against the Mexican bean weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus. The same proteins are not toxic to the bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus, which is also a serious pest of cultivated beans. Arcelins belong to the bean lectin family that includes phytohemaggutinins and alpha-amylase inhibitors. Although homologous to lectins, arcelins are themselves only very weak lectins, and their binding properties have not been clearly established. The toxic properties of arcelins may be related to their recognition of and interaction with the glycoproteins and other constituents of the membranes along the digestive tract of insects. Since arcelin-1 was shown to have growth inhibitory effects for the larvae of Z. subfasciatus but not of A. obtectus, we examined the effect of an arcelin-1 containing diet on the structure of the cells that line the intestinal tract of the larvae of these two bruchid species, and used antibodies against arcelin to examine the distribution of arcelin within the cells and tissues. Here we show that dietary arcelin-1 caused an alteration of the gut structure and the penetration of arcelin into the haemolymph in Z. subfasciatus but not in A. obtectus. These results lead us to suggest that arcelins exert their toxic effect by severely damaging the epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S. Paes
- Embrapa/Cenargen, PO Box 02372, Brasilia, Brazil
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Gerhardt IR, Paes NS, Bloch C, Mendes PA, Leite A, Chrispeels MJ, Grossi de Sa MF. Molecular characterization of a new arcelin-5 gene. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1490:87-98. [PMID: 10786620 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arcelins are insecticidal proteins found in some wild accessions of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris. They are grouped in six allelic variants and arcelin-5 is the variant with the highest inhibitory effect on the development of Zabrotes subfasciatus larvae. Characterization of the protein and its genes resulted in the identification of three polypeptides and the isolation of two genes that encode the Arc5a and Arc5b polypeptides. Here we describe a new gene, Arc5-III. The protein it encodes has 81% amino acid identity with the derived amino acid sequences of Arc5-I and Arc5-II. The Arc5-III gene is highly expressed in developing seeds and at a much lower level in roots. Data obtained by a combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, protein sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis support the conclusion that Arc5-III encodes a polypeptide present in Arc5c band. Using ion-exchange chromatography, three fractions containing arcelin-5 polypeptides were eluted by increasing the salt concentration. The three fractions contain various amounts of the three arc-5 polypeptides and inhibit the growth of Zabrotes subfasciatus larvae differentially, suggesting differences in insecticidal activity among the arcelin-5 isoforms.
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Van Damme EJ, Barre A, Mazard AM, Verhaert P, Horman A, Debray H, Rouge P, Peumans WJ. Characterization and molecular cloning of the lectin from Helianthus tuberosus. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1999; 259:135-42. [PMID: 9914485 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A lectin called Helianthus tuberosus agglutinin or Heltuba has been isolated from tubers of the Jerusalem artichoke, a typical representative of the Asteraceae family. Heltuba is a tetrameric protein composed of four identical subunits of 15.5 kDa and exhibits a preferential specificity towards oligomannosides. Cloning of the corresponding cDNAs revealed that the mature lectin polypeptide comprises the entire open reading frame of the cDNA suggesting that the primary translation product is not processed and that the lectin is a cytosolic protein. Searches in the databases revealed sequence similarity with lectins from the taxonomically unrelated Convolvulaceae and Moraceae species. Therefore, the discovery of Heltuba is of great importance in view of the occurrence and molecular evolution of the jacalin-related lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Van Damme
- Laboratorium voor Fytopathologie en Plantebescherming, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
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Mourey L, Pédelacq JD, Birck C, Fabre C, Rougé P, Samama JP. Crystal structure of the arcelin-1 dimer from Phaseolus vulgaris at 1.9-A resolution. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:12914-22. [PMID: 9582323 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.21.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Arcelin-1 is a glycoprotein from kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) which displays insecticidal properties and protects the seeds from predation by larvae of various bruchids. This lectin-like protein is devoid of monosaccharide binding properties and belongs to the phytohemagglutinin protein family. The x-ray structure determination at 1.9-A resolution of native arcelin-1 dimers, which correspond to the functional state of the protein in solution, was solved using multiple isomorphous replacement and refined to a crystallographic R factor of 0.208. The three glycosylation sites on each monomer are all covalently modified. One of these oligosaccharide chains provides interactions with protein atoms at the dimer interface, and another one may act by preventing the formation of higher oligomeric species in the arcelin variants. The dimeric structure and the severe alteration of the monosaccharide binding site in arcelin-1 correlate with the hemagglutinating properties of the protein, which are unaffected by simple sugars and sugar derivatives. Sequence analysis and structure comparisons of arcelin-1 with the other insecticidal proteins from kidney beans, arcelin-5, and alpha-amylase inhibitor and with legume lectins, yield insights into the molecular basis of the different biological functions of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mourey
- Groupe de Cristallographie Biologique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, UPR 9062 CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse CEDEX, France
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