1
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Comprehensive Insight into Tapetum-Mediated Pollen Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020247. [PMID: 36672181 PMCID: PMC9857336 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In flowering plants, pollen development is a key process that is essential for sexual reproduction and seed set. Molecular and genetic studies indicate that pollen development is coordinatedly regulated by both gametophytic and sporophytic factors. Tapetum, the somatic cell layer adjacent to the developing male meiocytes, plays an essential role during pollen development. In the early anther development stage, the tapetal cells secrete nutrients, proteins, lipids, and enzymes for microsporocytes and microspore development, while initiating programmed cell death to provide critical materials for pollen wall formation in the late stage. Therefore, disrupting tapetum specification, development, or function usually leads to serious defects in pollen development. In this review, we aim to summarize the current understanding of tapetum-mediated pollen development and illuminate the underlying molecular mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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2
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Truskina J, Boeuf S, Renard J, Andersen TG, Geldner N, Ingram G. Anther development in Arabidopsis thaliana involves symplastic isolation and apoplastic gating of the tapetum-middle layer interface. Development 2022; 149:281769. [PMID: 36305487 PMCID: PMC10114112 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During flowering plant reproduction, anthers produce pollen grains, the development of which is supported by the tapetum, a nourishing maternal tissue that also contributes non-cell-autonomously to the pollen wall, the resistant external layer on the pollen surface. How the anther restricts movement of the tapetum-derived pollen wall components, while allowing metabolites such as sugars and amino acids to reach the developing pollen, remains unknown. Here, we show experimentally that in arabidopsis thaliana the tapetum and developing pollen are symplastically isolated from each other, and from other sporophytic tissues, from meiosis onwards. We show that the peritapetal strip, an apoplastic structure, separates the tapetum and the pollen grains from other anther cell layers and can prevent the apoplastic diffusion of fluorescent proteins, again from meiosis onwards. The formation and selective barrier functions of the peritapetal strip require two NADPH oxidases, RBOHE and RBOHC, which play a key role in pollen formation. Our results suggest that, together with symplastic isolation, gating of the apoplast around the tapetum may help generate metabolically distinct anther compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jekaterina Truskina
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, UCBL, F-69342 Lyon, France.,Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sophy Boeuf
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, UCBL, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Joan Renard
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, UCBL, F-69342 Lyon, France.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Tonni Grube Andersen
- Department for Plant-microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gwyneth Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, UCBL, F-69342 Lyon, France
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3
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Kong L, Zhuo Y, Xu J, Meng X, Wang Y, Zhao W, Lai H, Chen J, Wang J. Identification of long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs involved in anther development in the tropical Camellia oleifera. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:596. [PMID: 35974339 PMCID: PMC9380326 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Explored the molecular science of anther development is important for improving productivity and overall yield of crops. Although the role of regulatory RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), in regulating anther development has been established, their identities and functions in Camellia oleifera, an important industrial crop, have yet not been clearly explored. Here, we report the identification and characterization of genes, lncRNAs and miRNAs during three stages of the tropical C. oleifera anther development by single-molecule real-time sequencing, RNA sequencing and small RNA sequencing, respectively. RESULTS These stages, viz. the pollen mother cells stage, tetrad stage and uninucleate pollen stage, were identified by analyzing paraffin sections of floral buds during rapid expansion periods. A total of 18,393 transcripts, 414 putative lncRNAs and 372 miRNAs were identified, of which 5,324 genes, 115 lncRNAs, and 44 miRNAs were differentially accumulated across three developmental stages. Of these, 44 and 92 genes were predicted be regulated by 37 and 30 differentially accumulated lncRNAs and miRNAs, respectively. Additionally, 42 differentially accumulated lncRNAs were predicted as targets of 27 miRNAs. Gene ontology enrichment indicated that potential target genes of lncRNAs were enriched in photosystem II, regulation of autophagy and carbohydrate phosphatase activity, which are essential for anther development. Functional annotation of genes targeted by miRNAs indicated that they are relevant to transcription and metabolic processes that play important roles in microspore development. An interaction network was built with 2 lncRNAs, 6 miRNAs and 10 mRNAs. Among these, miR396 and miR156 family were up-regulated, while their targets, genes (GROWTH REGULATING FACTORS and SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE genes) and lncRNAs, were down-regulated. Further, the trans-regulated targets of these lncRNAs, like wall-associated kinase2 and phosphomannose isomerase1, are involved in pollen wall formation during anther development. CONCLUSIONS This study unravels lncRNAs, miRNAs and miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA networks involved in development of anthers of the tropical C. oleifera lays a theoretical foundation for further elucidation of regulatory roles of lncRNAs and miRNAs in anther development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshan Kong
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, 572025, Sanya, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, P. R. China.,School of Horticulture, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Yanjing Zhuo
- School of Public Administration, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Jieru Xu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, 572025, Sanya, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxu Meng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, 572025, Sanya, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, 572025, Sanya, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiu Zhao
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, 572025, Sanya, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Hanggui Lai
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, 572025, Sanya, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province, School of Forestry, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, 572025, Sanya, P. R. China. .,School of Horticulture, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, P. R. China.
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4
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Perrot T, Pauly M, Ramírez V. Emerging Roles of β-Glucanases in Plant Development and Adaptative Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11091119. [PMID: 35567119 PMCID: PMC9099982 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant β-glucanases are enzymes involved in the synthesis, remodelling and turnover of cell wall components during multiple physiological processes. Based on the type of the glycoside bond they cleave, plant β-glucanases have been grouped into three categories: (i) β-1,4-glucanases degrade cellulose and other polysaccharides containing 1,4-glycosidic bonds to remodel and disassemble the wall during cell growth. (ii) β-1,3-glucanases are responsible for the mobilization of callose, governing the symplastic trafficking through plasmodesmata. (iii) β-1,3-1,4-glucanases degrade mixed linkage glucan, a transient wall polysaccharide found in cereals, which is broken down to obtain energy during rapid seedling growth. In addition to their roles in the turnover of self-glucan structures, plant β-glucanases are crucial in regulating the outcome in symbiotic and hostile plant-microbe interactions by degrading non-self glucan structures. Plants use these enzymes to hydrolyse β-glucans found in the walls of microbes, not only by contributing to a local antimicrobial defence barrier, but also by generating signalling glucans triggering the activation of global responses. As a counterpart, microbes developed strategies to hijack plant β-glucanases to their advantage to successfully colonize plant tissues. This review outlines our current understanding on plant β-glucanases, with a particular focus on the latest advances on their roles in adaptative responses.
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Wang KQ, Yu YH, Jia XL, Zhou SD, Zhang F, Zhao X, Zhai MY, Gong Y, Lu JY, Guo Y, Yang NY, Wang S, Xu XF, Yang ZN. Delayed callose degradation restores the fertility of multiple P/TGMS lines in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:717-730. [PMID: 34958169 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod/temperature-sensitive genic male sterility (P/TGMS) is widely applied for improving crop production. Previous investigations using the reversible male sterile (rvms) mutant showed that slow development is a general mechanism for restoring fertility to P/TGMS lines in Arabidopsis. In this work, we isolated a restorer of rvms-2 (res3), as the male sterility of rvms-2 was rescued by res3. Phenotype analysis and molecular cloning show that a point mutation in UPEX1 l in res3 leads to delayed secretion of callase A6 from the tapetum to the locule and tetrad callose wall degradation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that the tapetal transcription factor ABORTED MICROSPORES directly regulates UPEX1 expression, revealing a pathway for tapetum secretory function. Early degradation of the callose wall in the transgenic line eliminated the fertility restoration effect of res3. The fertility of multiple known P/TGMS lines with pollen wall defects was also restored by res3. We propose that the remnant callose wall may broadly compensate for the pollen wall defects of P/TGMS lines by providing protection for pollen formation. A cellular mechanism is proposed to explain how slow development restores the fertility of P/TGMS lines in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Qi Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Jingdezhen University, Jiangxi, 333000, China
| | - Ya-Hui Yu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Jingdezhen University, Jiangxi, 333000, China
| | - Xin-Lei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Si-Da Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Ming-Yue Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jie-Yang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yuyi Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Nai-Ying Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Shui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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Yu J, Zhao G, Li W, Zhang Y, Wang P, Fu A, Zhao L, Zhang C, Xu M. A single nucleotide polymorphism in an R2R3 MYB transcription factor gene triggers the male sterility in soybean ms6 (Ames1). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:3661-3674. [PMID: 34319425 PMCID: PMC8519818 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03920-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Identification and functional analysis of the male sterile gene MS6 in Glycine max. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important crop providing vegetable oil and protein. The male sterility-based hybrid breeding is a promising method for improving soybean yield to meet the globally growing demand. In this research, we identified a soybean genic male sterile locus, MS6, by combining the bulked segregant analysis sequencing method and the map-based cloning technology. MS6, highly expressed in anther, encodes an R2R3 MYB transcription factor (GmTDF1-1) that is homologous to Tapetal Development and Function 1, a key factor for anther development in Arabidopsis and rice. In male sterile ms6 (Ames1), the mutant allele contains a missense mutation, leading to the 76th leucine substituted by histidine in the DNA binding domain of GmTDF1-1. The expression of soybean MS6 under the control of the AtTDF1 promoter could rescue the male sterility of attdf1 but ms6 could not. Additionally, ms6 overexpression in wild-type Arabidopsis did not affect anther development. These results evidence that GmTDF1-1 is a functional TDF1 homolog and L76H disrupts its function. Notably, GmTDF1-1 shows 92% sequence identity with another soybean protein termed as GmTDF1-2, whose active expression also restored the fertility of attdf1. However, GmTDF1-2 is constitutively expressed at a very low level in soybean, and therefore, not able to compensate for the MS6 deficiency. Analysis of the TDF1-involved anther development regulatory pathway showed that expressions of the genes downstream of TDF1 are significantly suppressed in ms6, unveiling that GmTDF1-1 is a core transcription factor regulating soybean anther development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Guolong Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Aigen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Limei Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Chunbao Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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7
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Li F, Wang Y, Gao H, Zhang X, Zhuang N. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals differential gene expression in sterile and fertile rubber tree varieties during flower bud differentiation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 265:153506. [PMID: 34492526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant male sterility (MS) is an important agronomic trait that provides an efficient tool for hybridization and heterosis utilization of crops. Based on phenotypic and cytological observations, our study performed a multi-comparison transcriptome analysis strategy on multiple sterile and fertile rubber tree varieties using RNA-seq. Compared with the male-fertile varieties, a total of 1590 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in male-sterile varieties, including 970 up-regulated and 620 down-regulated transcripts in sterile varieties. Key DEGs were further assessed focusing on anther development, microsporogenesis and plant hormone metabolism. Twenty DEGs were selected randomly to validate transcriptome data using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Eleven key genes were subjected to expression pattern analysis using qRT-PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Among them, nine genes, i.e., A6, GAI1, ACA7, TKPR1, CYP704B1, XTH26, MS1, MS35 and MYB33, that regulate callose metabolism, pollen wall formation, tapetum and microspores development were identified as candidate male-sterile genes. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanism of male sterility in rubber tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Heqiong Gao
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Topical Agricultural Sciences, State Center for Rubber Breeding, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, China
| | - Nansheng Zhuang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China.
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8
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Tian A, Zhang E, Cui Z. Full-length transcriptome analysis reveals the differences between floral buds of recessive genic male-sterile line (RMS3185A) and fertile line (RMS3185B) of cabbage. PLANTA 2021; 253:21. [PMID: 33399991 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Starch and sucrose metabolism and plant-pathogen interaction pathways play a dominate role in recessive genic male sterility (RGMS) of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata). RGMS is common in plants and has been widely applied as an effective and economic system for hybrid seed production in many crops. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms of RGMS in cabbage. Hence, full-length transcriptomic and physiological analysis were performed in the spontaneous RGMS mutant RMS3185A and its near-isogenic fertile line (NIL) RMS3185B of small (< 1.6 mm in diameter), medium (~ 2.5 mm in diameter), and large floral buds (~ 3.4 mm in diameter) to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with RMGS. The pollen abnormalities between RMS3185B and RMS3185A appeared at the large floral bud stage. In contrast with RMS3185B, the mature anthers and stamens of RMS3185A were shorter than those of RMS3185B, and the anthers did not dehiscent. The concentrations of glucose, fructose, trehalose, starch, and cellulose in RMS3185A were all significantly lower than those in large floral buds of RMS3185B. PacBio sequencing results showed that DEGs were mainly concentrated in large floral bud stage. In combination with the KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs in GO terms related to cell wall, pollen and anther, pentose and glucuronate interconversions (ko00040), starch and sucrose metabolism (ko00500), and plant-pathogen interaction (ko04626) were significantly enriched. Among which, cell-wall/pectin-related genes of eighteen PEI, twenty-two PEL, three PG, and fifteen PGL involved in ko00040, and one UGDH, one SPS, four CWINV, four TPP/TPS, and four EGL involved in ko00500, as well as plant-pathogen interaction genes, including sixteen calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), one cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (CNGC), and twenty-three calcium-binding protein CML (CML), were significantly down-regulated in RMS3185A relative to that in RMS3185B. Besides, genes involved in ko04626, including two CML and one transcription factor WRKY33, were up-regulated in RMS3185A relative to that in RMS3185B. In conclusion, we hypothesized that the expression alterations of these genes were responsible for calcium signaling and sugar metabolism, thus affecting the occurrence of RGMS in cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Tian
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, 710065, China.
| | - Enhui Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuoyue Cui
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, 710065, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China
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9
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Usoltseva RV, Belik AA, Kusaykin MI, Malyarenko OS, Zvyagintsevа TN, Ermakova SP. Laminarans and 1,3-β-D-glucanases. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1010-1025. [PMID: 32663561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The laminarans are biologically active water-soluble polysaccharide (1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) of brown algae. These polysaccharides are an attractive object for research due to its relatively simple structure, low toxicity, and various biological effects. 1,3-β-D-glucanases are an effective tool for studying the structure of laminarans, and can also be used to obtain new biologically active derivatives. This review is to outline what is currently known about laminarans and enzymes that catalyze of their transformation. We focused on information about sources, structure and properties of laminarans and 1,3-β-D-glucanases, methods of obtaining and structural elucidation of laminarans, and biological activity of laminarans and products of their enzymatic transformation. It has an increased focus on the immunomodulating and anticancer activity of laminarans and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza V Usoltseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Aleksei A Belik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail I Kusaykin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Olesya S Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatiana N Zvyagintsevа
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Svetlana P Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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10
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Lu J, Fu Y, Li M, Wang S, Wang J, Yang Q, Ye J, Zhang X, Ma H, Chang F. Global Quantitative Proteomics Studies Revealed Tissue-Preferential Expression and Phosphorylation of Regulatory Proteins in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176116. [PMID: 32854314 PMCID: PMC7503369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organogenesis in plants occurs across all stages of the life cycle. Although previous studies have identified many genes as important for either vegetative or reproductive development at the RNA level, global information on translational and post-translational levels remains limited. In this study, six Arabidopsis stages/organs were analyzed using quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics, identifying 2187 non-redundant proteins and evidence for 1194 phosphoproteins. Compared to the expression observed in cauline leaves, the expression of 1445, 1644, and 1377 proteins showed greater than 1.5-fold alterations in stage 1–9 flowers, stage 10–12 flowers, and open flowers, respectively. Among these, 294 phosphoproteins with 472 phosphorylation sites were newly uncovered, including 275 phosphoproteins showing differential expression patterns, providing molecular markers and possible candidates for functional studies. Proteins encoded by genes preferentially expressed in anther (15), meiocyte (4), or pollen (15) were enriched in reproductive organs, and mutants of two anther-preferentially expressed proteins, acos5 and mee48, showed obviously reduced male fertility with abnormally organized pollen exine. In addition, more phosphorylated proteins were identified in reproductive stages (1149) than in the vegetative organs (995). The floral organ-preferential phosphorylation of GRP17, CDC2/CDKA.1, and ATSK11 was confirmed with western blot analysis. Moreover, phosphorylation levels of CDPK6 and MAPK6 and their interacting proteins were elevated in reproductive tissues. Overall, our study yielded extensive data on protein expression and phosphorylation at six stages/organs and provides an important resource for future studies investigating the regulatory mechanisms governing plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Mengyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jingya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Juanying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Biology, the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (F.C.); Tel.: +86-021-51630534 (H.M.); +1-814-865-5343 (F.C.)
| | - Fang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (F.C.); Tel.: +86-021-51630534 (H.M.); +1-814-865-5343 (F.C.)
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11
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Ren L, Zhao T, Zhang L, Du G, Shen Y, Tang D, Li Y, Luo Q, Cheng Z. Defective Microspore Development 1 is required for microspore cell integrity and pollen wall formation in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1446-1459. [PMID: 32391618 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly coordinated pollen wall patterning is essential for male reproductive development. Here, we report the identification of Defective Microspore Development 1 (DMD1), which encodes a nuclear-localized protein possessing transactivation activity. DMD1 is preferentially expressed in the tapetum and microspores during post-meiotic development. Mutations in DMD1 cause a male-sterile phenotype with impaired microspore cell integrity. The mutants display abnormal callose degradation, accompanied by inhibited primexine thickening in the newly released microspores. Several genes associated with callose degradation and primexine formation are downregulated in dmd1 anthers. In addition, irregular Ubisch body morphology and discontinuous endexine occur, and the baculum is completely absent in dmd1. DMD1 interacts with Tapetum Degeneration Retardation (TDR), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor required for exine formation. Taken together, our results suggest that DMD1 is responsible for microspore cell integrity, primexine formation and exine pattern formation during Oryza sativa (rice) microspore development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ren
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Guijie Du
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Shen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ding Tang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yafei Li
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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12
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Takashima T, Taku T, Yamanaka T, Fukamizo T, Numata T, Ohnuma T. Crystal structure and biochemical characterization of CJP38, a β-1,3-glucanase and allergen of Cryptomeria japonica pollen. Mol Immunol 2019; 116:199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Comparative transcript profiling and cytological observation of the newly bred recessive genic male sterility non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) line WS24-3A. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:1475-1492. [PMID: 31576519 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND WS24-3A is a newly bred non-heading Chinese cabbage genic male-sterile line, in which sterility is controlled by a recessive gene, designated as Bra2ms. WS24-3A has been used for hybrid breeding. OBJECTIVE To reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the sterility of WS24-3A. METHODS Cytological observation of the process of sterile/fertile anther development was performed to determine the tissue and stage in which sterility occurs. Phenotyping and transcriptomic analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between sterile and fertile flower buds at different stages. RESULTS Cytological analysis revealed no tetrads at stage 7 or at later stages of anther development, and the degradation of callose was delayed. Abnormal meiocytes were surrounded by sustaining callose that degenerated gradually in WS24-3A. Comparative transcript profiling identified 3282 DEGs during three anther developmental stages, namely, pre-meiotic anther, meiotic anther, and anthers with single-celled pollen stage. The difference in DEG percentage between up-regulated and down-regulated at meiotic anther stage was obviously larger than at the other two stages; further, most DEGs are important for male meiosis, callose synthesis and dissolution, and tapetum development. Ten DEGs were found to be involved in anther and pollen development, which were analyzed by quantitative PCR. CONCLUSION Bra2ms affected gene expression in meiocytes and associated with callose synthesis, degradation and tapetum development. Our results provide clues to elucidate the molecular mechanism of genic male sterility in non-heading Chinese cabbage.
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14
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BES1 is activated by EMS1-TPD1-SERK1/2-mediated signaling to control tapetum development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4164. [PMID: 31519953 PMCID: PMC6744560 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BES1 and BZR1 were originally identified as two key transcription factors specifically regulating brassinosteroid (BR)-mediated gene expression. They belong to a family consisting of six members, BES1, BZR1, BEH1, BEH2, BEH3, and BEH4. bes1 and bzr1 single mutants do not exhibit any characteristic BR phenotypes, suggesting functional redundancy of these proteins. Here, by generating higher order mutants, we show that a quintuple mutant is male sterile due to defects in tapetum and microsporocyte development in anthers. Our genetic and biochemical analyses demonstrate that BES1 family members also act as downstream transcription factors in the EMS1-TPD1-SERK1/2 pathway. Ectopic expression of both TPD1 and EMS1 in bri1-116, a BR receptor null mutant, leads to the accumulation of non-phosphorylated, active BES1, similar to activation of BES1 by BRI1-BR-BAK1 signaling. These data suggest that two distinctive receptor-like kinase-mediated signaling pathways share BES1 family members as downstream transcription factors to regulate different aspects of plant development. BES1 and BZR1 transcription factors are activated by the BRI1-BAK1 receptor complex during brassinosteroid signaling. Here the authors show that BES1-family members also act in anthers, downstream of another receptor-like kinase-mediated signaling pathway, EMS1-TPD1-SERK1/2, to promote tapetum development.
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15
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Pu Y, Hou L, Guo Y, Ullah I, Yang Y, Yue Y. Genome-wide analysis of the callose enzyme families of fertile and sterile flower buds of the Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1432-1449. [PMID: 31168951 PMCID: PMC6668379 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Callose is a β‐1,3‐glucan commonly found in higher plants that plays an important role in regulating plant pollen development. It is synthesized by glucan synthase‐like (GSL) and is degraded by the enzyme endo‐1,3‐β‐glucosidase. However, genome‐wide analyses of callose GSL and endo‐1,3‐β‐glucosidase enzymes in fertile and sterile flower buds of Chinese cabbage have not yet been reported. Here, we show that delayed callose degradation at the tetrad stage may be the main cause of microspore abortion in Chinese cabbage with nuclear sterility near‐isogenic line ‘10L03’. Fifteen callose GSLs and 77 endo‐1,3‐β‐glucosidase enzymes were identified in Chinese cabbage. Phylogenetic, gene structural and chromosomal analyses revealed that the expansion occurred due to three polyploidization events of these two gene families. Expression pattern analysis showed that the GSL and endo‐1,3‐β‐glucosidase enzymes are involved in the development of various tissues and that the genes functionally diverged during long‐term evolution. Relative gene expression analysis of Chinese cabbage flowers at different developmental stages showed that high expression of the synthetic enzyme BraA01g041620 and low expression of AtA6‐homologous genes (BraA04g008040, BraA07g009320, BraA01g030220 and BraA03g040850) and two other genes (BraA10g020080 and BraA05g038340) for degrading enzymes in the meiosis and tetrad stages may cause nuclear sterility in the near‐isogenic line ‘10L03’. Overall, our data provide an important foundation for comprehending the potential roles of the callose GSL and endo‐1,3‐β‐glucosidase enzymes in regulating pollen development in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Pu
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Hou
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yingqi Guo
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ikram Ullah
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yanling Yue
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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16
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Roque E, Gómez-Mena C, Hamza R, Beltrán JP, Cañas LA. Engineered Male Sterility by Early Anther Ablation Using the Pea Anther-Specific Promoter PsEND1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:819. [PMID: 31293612 PMCID: PMC6603094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineered male sterility has different applications, ranging from hybrid seed production to bioconfinement of transgenes in genetic modified crops. The impact of this technology is currently patent in a wide range of crops, including legumes, which has helped to deal with the challenges of global food security. Production of engineered male sterile plants by expression of a ribonuclease gene under the control of an anther- or pollen-specific promoter has proven to be an efficient way to generate pollen-free elite cultivars. In the last years, we have been studying the genetic control of flower development in legumes and several genes that are specifically expressed in a determinate floral organ were identified. Pisum sativum ENDOTHECIUM 1 (PsEND1) is a pea anther-specific gene displaying very early expression in the anther primordium cells. This expression pattern has been assessed in both model plants and crops (tomato, tobacco, oilseed rape, rice, wheat) using genetic constructs carrying the PsEND1 promoter fused to the uidA reporter gene. This promoter fused to the barnase gene produces full anther ablation at early developmental stages, preventing the production of mature pollen grains in all plant species tested. Additional effects produced by the early anther ablation in the PsEND1::barnase-barstar plants, with interesting biotechnological applications, have also been described, such as redirection of resources to increase vegetative growth, reduction of the need for deadheading to extend the flowering period, or elimination of pollen allergens in ornamental plants (Kalanchoe, Pelargonium). Moreover, early anther ablation in transgenic PsEND1::barnase-barstar tomato plants promotes the developing of the ovaries into parthenocarpic fruits due to the absence of signals generated during the fertilization process and can be considered an efficient tool to promote fruit set and to produce seedless fruits. In legumes, the production of new hybrid cultivars will contribute to enhance yield and productivity by exploiting the hybrid vigor generated. The PsEND1::barnase-barstar construct could be also useful to generate parental lines in hybrid breeding approaches to produce new cultivars in different legume species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Pío Beltrán
- Department of Plant Development and Hormone Action, Biology and Biotechnology of Reproductive Development, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis A. Cañas
- Department of Plant Development and Hormone Action, Biology and Biotechnology of Reproductive Development, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain
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17
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Comprehensive analysis of Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility-related genes in turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapifera) using RNA sequencing analysis and bioinformatics. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218029. [PMID: 31199816 PMCID: PMC6568414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ogura-type cytoplasmic male sterility (Ogura-CMS) has been widely used in the hybrid breeding industry for cruciferous vegetables. Turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapifera) is one of the most important local cruciferous vegetables in China, cultivated for its fleshy root as a flat disc. Here, morphological characteristics of an Ogura-CMS line ‘BY10-2A’ and its maintainer fertile (MF) line ‘BY10-2B’ of turnip were investigated. Ogura-CMS turnip showed a reduction in the size of the fleshy root, and had distinct defects in microspore development and tapetum degeneration during the transition from microspore mother cells to tetrads. Defective microspore production and premature tapetum degeneration during microgametogenesis resulted in short filaments and withered white anthers, leading to complete male sterility of the Ogura-CMS line. Additionally, the mechanism regulating Ogura-CMS in turnip was investigated using inflorescence transcriptome analyses of the Ogura-CMS and MF lines. The de novo assembly resulted in a total of 84,132 unigenes. Among them, 5,117 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 1,339 up- and 3,778 down-regulated genes in the Ogura-CMS line compared to the MF line. A number of functionally known members involved in anther development and microspore formation were addressed in our DEG pool, particularly genes regulating tapetum programmed cell death (PCD), and associated with pollen wall formation. Additionally, 185 novel genes were proposed to function in male organ development based on GO analyses, of which 26 DEGs were genotype-specifically expressed. Our research provides a comprehensive foundation for understanding anther development and the CMS mechanism in turnip.
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18
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Shen X, Xu L, Liu Y, Dong H, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Lin S, Cao J, Huang L. Comparative transcriptome analysis and ChIP-sequencing reveals stage-specific gene expression and regulation profiles associated with pollen wall formation in Brassica rapa. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:264. [PMID: 30943898 PMCID: PMC6446297 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genic male sterility (GMS) line is an important approach to utilize heterosis in Brassica rapa, one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops in Northeast Asia. However, the molecular genetic mechanisms of GMS remain to be largely unknown. Results Detailed phenotypic observation of ‘Bcajh97-01A/B’, a B. rapa genic male sterile AB line in this study revealed that the aberrant meiotic cytokinesis and premature tapetal programmed cell death occurring in the sterile line ultimately resulted in microspore degeneration and pollen wall defect. Further gene expression profile of the sterile and fertile floral buds of ‘Bcajh97-01A/B’ at five typical developmental stages during pollen development supported the result of phenotypic observation and identified stage-specific genes associated with the main events associated with pollen wall development, including tapetum development or functioning, callose metabolism, pollen exine formation and cell wall modification. Additionally, by using ChIP-sequencing, the genomic and gene-level distribution of trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and H3K27 were mapped on the fertile floral buds, and a great deal of pollen development-associated genes that were covalently modified by H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 were identified. Conclusions Our study provids a deeper understanding into the gene expression and regulation network during pollen development and pollen wall formation in B. rapa, and enabled the identification of a set of candidate genes for further functional annotation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5637-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Shen
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liai Xu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Heng Dong
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuzhi Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sue Lin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Huang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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19
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Damayanti F, Lombardo F, Masuda JI, Shinozaki Y, Ichino T, Hoshikawa K, Okabe Y, Wang N, Fukuda N, Ariizumi T, Ezura H. Functional Disruption of the Tomato Putative Ortholog of HAWAIIAN SKIRT Results in Facultative Parthenocarpy, Reduced Fertility and Leaf Morphological Defects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1234. [PMID: 31681360 PMCID: PMC6801985 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A number of plant microRNAs have been demonstrated to regulate developmental processes by integrating internal and environmental cues. Recently, the Arabidopsis thaliana F-box protein HAWAIIAN SKIRT (HWS) gene has been described for its role in miRNA biogenesis. We have isolated in a forward genetic screen a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) line mutated in the putative ortholog of HWS. We show that the tomato hws-1 mutant exhibits reduction in leaflet serration, leaflet fusion, some degree of floral organ fusion, and alteration in miRNA levels, similarly to the original A. thaliana hws-1 mutant. We also describe novel phenotypes for hws such as facultative parthenocarpy, reduction in fertility and flowering delay. In slhws-1, the parthenocarpy trait is influenced by temperature, with higher parthenocarpy rate in warmer environmental conditions. Conversely, slhws-1 is able to produce seeds when grown in cooler environment. We show that the reduction in seed production in the mutant is mainly due to a defective male function and that the levels of several miRNAs are increased, in accordance with previous HWS studies, accounting for the abnormal leaf and floral phenotypes as well as the altered flowering and fruit development processes. This is the first study of HWS in fleshy fruit plant, providing new insights in the function of this gene in fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Damayanti
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Fabien Lombardo
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Masuda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shinozaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takuji Ichino
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Hoshikawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Okabe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Innovation Center, Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Ning Wang
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoya Fukuda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroshi Ezura,
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20
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Chen G, Ye X, Zhang S, Zhu S, Yuan L, Hou J, Wang C. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis between Fertile and CMS Flower Buds in Wucai (Brassica campestris L.). BMC Genomics 2018; 19:908. [PMID: 30541424 PMCID: PMC6292171 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wucai (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. rosularis Tsen) is a variant of nonheading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.), which is one of the major vegetables in China. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been used for Wucai breeding in recent years. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of Wucai CMS remains unclear. In this study, the phenotypic and cytological features of Wucai CMS were observed by anatomical analysis, and a comparative transcriptome analysis was carried out to identify genes related to male sterility using Illumina RNA sequencing technology (RNA-Seq). Results Microscopic observation demonstrated that tapetum development was abnormal in the CMS line, which failed to produce fertile pollen. Bioinformatics analysis detected 4430 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the fertile and sterile flower buds. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to better understand the functions of these DEGs. Among the DEGs, 35 genes (53 DEGS) were implicated in anther and pollen development, and 11 genes were involved in pollen cell wall formation and modification; most of these showed downregulated expression in sterile buds. In addition, several genes related to tapetum development (A6, AMS, MS1, MYB39, and TSM1) and a few genes annotated to flowering (CO, AP3, VIN3, FLC, FT, and AGL) were detected and confirmed by qRT-PCR as being expressed at the meiosis, tetrad, and uninucleate microspore stages, thus implying possible roles in specifying or determining the fate and development of the tapetum, male gametophyte and stamen. Moreover, the top four largest transcription factor families (MYB, bHLH, NAC and WRKY) were analyzed, and most showed reduced expression in sterile buds. These differentially expressed transcription factors might result in abortion of pollen development in Wucai. Conclusion The present comparative transcriptome analysis suggested that many key genes and transcription factors involved in anther development show reduced gene expression patterns in the CMS line, which might contribute to male sterility in Wucai. This study provides valuable information for a better understanding of CMS molecular mechanisms and functional genome studies in Wucai. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5331-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohu Chen
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Breeding, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xinyu Ye
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shengyun Zhang
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shidong Zhu
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Breeding, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lingyun Yuan
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Breeding, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jinfeng Hou
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Breeding, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chenggang Wang
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China. .,Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Breeding, Hefei, 230036, China.
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21
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Kouidri A, Baumann U, Okada T, Baes M, Tucker EJ, Whitford R. Wheat TaMs1 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored lipid transfer protein necessary for pollen development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:332. [PMID: 30518316 PMCID: PMC6280385 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In flowering plants, lipid biosynthesis and transport within anthers is essential for male reproductive success. TaMs1, a dominant wheat fertility gene located on chromosome 4BS, has been previously fine mapped and identified to encode a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP). Although this gene is critical for pollen exine development, details of its function remains poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, we report that TaMs1 is only expressed from the B sub-genome, with highest transcript abundance detected in anthers containing microspores undergoing pre-meiosis through to meiosis. β-glucuronidase transcriptional fusions further revealed that TaMs1 is expressed throughout all anther cell-types. TaMs1 was identified to be expressed at an earlier stage of anther development relative to genes reported to be necessary for sporopollenin precursor biosynthesis. In anthers missing a functional TaMs1 (ms1c deletion mutant), these same genes were not observed to be mis-regulated, indicating an independent function for TaMs1 in pollen development. Exogenous hormone treatments on GUS reporter lines suggest that TaMs1 expression is increased by both indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Translational fusion constructs showed that TaMs1 is targeted to the plasma membrane. CONCLUSIONS In summary, TaMs1 is a wheat fertility gene, expressed early in anther development and encodes a GPI-LTP targeted to the plasma membrane. The work presented provides a new insight into the process of wheat pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Kouidri
- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Ute Baumann
- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Takashi Okada
- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Mathieu Baes
- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Elise J. Tucker
- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Ryan Whitford
- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064 Australia
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22
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Zhang C, Shen Y, Tang D, Shi W, Zhang D, Du G, Zhou Y, Liang G, Li Y, Cheng Z. The zinc finger protein DCM1 is required for male meiotic cytokinesis by preserving callose in rice. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007769. [PMID: 30419020 PMCID: PMC6258382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic cytokinesis influences the fertility and ploidy of gametes. However, limited information is available on the genetic control of meiotic cytokinesis in plants. Here, we identified a rice mutant with low male fertility, defective callose in meiosis 1 (dcm1). The pollen grains of dcm1 are proved to be defective in exine formation. Meiotic cytokinesis is disrupted in dcm1, resulting in disordered spindle orientation during meiosis II and formation of pollen grains with varied size and DNA content. We demonstrated that meiotic cytokinesis defect in dcm1 is caused by prematurely dissolution of callosic plates. Furthermore, peripheral callose surrounding the dcm1 pollen mother cells (PMCs) also disappeared untimely around pachytene. The DCM1 protein contains five tandem CCCH motifs and interacts with nuclear poly (A) binding proteins (PABNs) in nuclear speckles. The expression profiles of genes related to callose synthesis and degradation are significantly modified in dcm1. Together, we propose that DCM1 plays an essential role in male meiotic cytokinesis by preserving callose from prematurely dissolution in rice. Meiosis comprises two successive cell divisions after a single S phase, generating four haploid products. Meiotic caryokinesis (nuclear division) has been extensively studied in many organisms, while mechanisms underlying meiotic cytokinesis remain elusive. Here, we identified a novel CCCH-tandem zinc finger protein DCM1 that prevent the premature dissolution of callose both around the PMCs and at the dividing site (callosic plates). Loss of the callosic plates disrupts the meiotic cytokinesis, leading to the random distribution of spindles during meiosis II and aberrant meiotic products. DCM1 interacts with the two rice poly (A) binding proteins, independently of the conserved CCCH domain. Moreover, DCM1 coordinates the expression profiles of genes related to callose synthesis and degradation. We suspect monocots and dicots may adopt distinct meiotic cytokinesis patterns during male gamete generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guijie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Liang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yafei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (ZC)
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (ZC)
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23
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Verma N, Burma PK. Regulation of tapetum-specific A9 promoter by transcription factors AtMYB80, AtMYB1 and AtMYB4 in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:481-494. [PMID: 28849604 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tapetum-specific promoters have been successfully used for developing transgenic-based pollination control systems. Although several tapetum-specific promoters have been identified, in-depth studies on regulation of such promoters are scarce. The present study analyzes the regulation of the A9 promoter, one of the first tapetum-specific promoter identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transcription factors (TFs) AtMYB80, AtMYB1 (positive regulators) identified by in silico analysis were found to upregulate A9 promoter activity following the over-expression of the TFs in transient and stable (transgenic) expression assays in both A. thaliana and tobacco. Furthermore, mutations of binding sites of these TFs in the A9 promoter led to loss of its activity. The role of a negative regulator AtMYB4 was also studied by analyzing the activity of A9 promoter following transient expression of RNAi against the TF and by mutating binding sites for AtMYB4 in the A9 promoter. While no changes were observed in case of A. thaliana, the A9 promoter was activated in the roots of transgenic tobacco plants, highlighting the role of these cis-elements in keeping the A9 promoter repressed in the roots of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Verma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Burma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
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24
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Rao GS, Tyagi AK, Rao KV. Development of an inducible male-sterility system in rice through pollen-specific expression of l-ornithinase (argE) gene of E. coli. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 256:139-147. [PMID: 28167027 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, an inducible male-sterility system has been developed in the rice. In order to introduce inducible male-sterility, the coding region of l-ornithinase (argE) gene of E. coli was fused to the Oryza sativa indica pollen allergen (OSIPA) promoter sequence which is known to function specifically in the pollen grains. Transgenic plants were obtained with argE gene and the transgenic status of plants was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the tissue-specific expression of argE in the anthers of transgenic rice plants. Transgenic rice plants expressing argE, after application of N-acetyl-phosphinothricin (N-ac-PPT), became completely male-sterile owing to the pollen-specific expression of argE. However, argE-transgenic plants were found to be self fertile when N-ac-PPT was not applied. Normal fertile seeds were obtained from the cross pollination between male-sterile argE transgenics and untransformed control plants, indicating that the female fertility is not affected by the N-ac-PPT treatment. These results clearly suggest that the expression of argE gene affects only the male gametophyte but not the gynoecium development. Induction of complete male-sterility in the rice is a first of its kind, and moreover this male- sterility system does not require the deployment of any specific restorer line.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Tyagi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Delhi University, South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
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25
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Yue L, Twell D, Kuang Y, Liao J, Zhou X. Transcriptome Analysis of Hamelia patens (Rubiaceae) Anthers Reveals Candidate Genes for Tapetum and Pollen Wall Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:1991. [PMID: 28119704 PMCID: PMC5220384 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the anther transcriptome on non-model plants without a known genome are surprisingly scarce. RNA-Seq and digital gene expression (DGE) profiling provides a comprehensive approach to identify candidate genes contributing to developmental processes in non-model species. Here we built a transcriptome library of developing anthers of Hamelia patens and analyzed DGE profiles from each stage to identify genes that regulate tapetum and pollen development. In total 7,720 putative differentially expressed genes across four anther stages were identified. The number of putative stage-specific genes was: 776 at microspore mother cell stage, 807 at tetrad stage, 322 at uninucleate microspore stage, and the highest number (1,864) at bicellular pollen stage. GO enrichment analysis revealed 243 differentially expressed and 108 stage-specific genes that are potentially related to tapetum development, sporopollenin synthesis, and pollen wall. The number of expressed genes, their function and expression profiles were all significantly correlated with anther developmental processes. Overall comparisons of anther and pollen transcriptomes with those of rice and Arabidopsis together with the expression profiles of homologs of known anther-expressed genes, revealed conserved patterns and also divergence. The divergence may reflect taxon-specific differences in gene expression, the use RNA-seq as a more sensitive methodology, variation in tissue composition and sampling strategies. Given the lack of genomic sequence, this study succeeded in assigning putative identity to a significant proportion of anther-expressed genes and genes relevant to tapetum and pollen development in H. patens. The anther transcriptome revealed a molecular distinction between developmental stages, serving as a resource to unravel the functions of genes involved in anther development in H. patens and informing the analysis of other members of the Rubiaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - David Twell
- Department of Genetics, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK
| | - Yanfeng Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Jingping Liao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
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26
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27
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Li Z, Zhang P, Lv J, Cheng Y, Cui J, Zhao H, Hu S. Global Dynamic Transcriptome Programming of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Anther at Different Development Stages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154039. [PMID: 27139433 PMCID: PMC4854403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop worldwide and exhibits significant heterosis. Effective pollination control systems, which are closely linked to anther development, are a prerequisite for utilizing heterosis. The anther, which is the male organ in flowering plants, undergoes many metabolic processes during development. Although the gene expression patterns underlying pollen development are well studied in model plant Arabidopsis, the regulatory networks of genome-wide gene expression during rapeseed anther development is poorly understood, especially regarding metabolic regulations. In this study, we systematically analyzed metabolic processes occurring during anther development in rapeseed using ultrastructural observation and global transcriptome analysis. Anther ultrastructure exhibited that numerous cellular organelles abundant with metabolic materials, such as elaioplast, tapetosomes, plastids (containing starch deposits) etc. appeared, accompanied with anther structural alterations during anther development, suggesting many metabolic processes occurring. Global transcriptome analysis revealed dynamic changes in gene expression during anther development that corresponded to dynamic functional alterations between early and late anther developmental stages. The early stage anthers preferentially expressed genes involved in lipid metabolism that are related to pollen extine formation as well as elaioplast and tapetosome biosynthesis, whereas the late stage anthers expressed genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism to form pollen intine and to accumulate starch in mature pollen grains. Finally, a predictive gene regulatory module responsible for early pollen extine formation was generated. Taken together, this analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of dynamic gene expression programming of metabolic processes in the rapeseed anther, especially with respect to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism during pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinyang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianmin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huixian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shengwu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Huang J, Smith AR, Zhang T, Zhao D. Creating Completely Both Male and Female Sterile Plants by Specifically Ablating Microspore and Megaspore Mother Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:30. [PMID: 26870055 PMCID: PMC4740954 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although genetically modified (GM) plants have improved commercially important traits, such as biomass and biofuel production, digestibility, bioremediation, ornamental value, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, there remain economic, political, or social concerns over potential ecological effects of transgene flow from GM plants. The current solution for preventing transgene flow from GM plants is genetically engineering sterility; however, approaches to generating both male and female sterility are limited. In addition, existing strategies for creating sterility lead to loss or modifications of entire flowers or floral organs. Here, we demonstrate that instead of the 1.5-kb promoter, the entire SOLO DANCERS (SDS) gene is required for its meiocyte-specific expression. We then developed an efficient method to specifically ablate microspore and megaspore mother cells using the SDS and BARNASE fusion gene, which resulted in complete sterility in both male and female reproductive organs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), but did not affect plant growth or development, including the formation of all flower organs. Therefore, our research provides a general and effective tool to prevent transgene flow in GM plants.
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29
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Shi J, Cui M, Yang L, Kim YJ, Zhang D. Genetic and Biochemical Mechanisms of Pollen Wall Development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:741-753. [PMID: 26442683 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The pollen wall is a specialized extracellular cell wall matrix that surrounds male gametophytes and plays an essential role in plant reproduction. Uncovering the mechanisms that control the synthesis and polymerization of the precursors of pollen wall components has been a major research focus in plant biology. We review current knowledge on the genetic and biochemical mechanisms underlying pollen wall development in eudicot model Arabidopsis thaliana and monocot model rice (Oryza sativa), focusing on the genes involved in the biosynthesis, transport, and assembly of various precursors of pollen wall components. The conserved and divergent aspects of the genes involved as well as their regulation are addressed. Current challenges and future perspectives are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Meihua Cui
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Youngin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia.
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30
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Jopcik M, Matusikova I, Moravcikova J, Durechova D, Libantova J. The expression profile of Arabidopsis thaliana β-1,3-glucanase promoter in tobacco. Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Torres M, Palomares O, Quiralte J, Pauli G, Rodríguez R, Villalba M. An Enzymatically Active β-1,3-Glucanase from Ash Pollen with Allergenic Properties: A Particular Member in the Oleaceae Family. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133066. [PMID: 26177095 PMCID: PMC4503641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endo-β-1,3-glucanases are widespread enzymes with glycosyl hydrolitic activity involved in carbohydrate remodelling during the germination and pollen tube growth. Although members of this protein family with allergenic activity have been reported, their effective contribution to allergy is little known. In this work, we identified Fra e 9 as a novel allergenic β-1,3-glucanase from ash pollen. We produced the catalytic and carbohydrate-binding domains as two independent recombinant proteins and characterized them from structural, biochemical and immunological point of view in comparison to their counterparts from olive pollen. We showed that despite having significant differences in biochemical activity Fra e 9 and Ole e 9 display similar IgE-binding capacity, suggesting that β-1,3-glucanases represent an heterogeneous family that could display intrinsic allergenic capacity. Specific cDNA encoding Fra e 9 was cloned and sequenced. The full-length cDNA encoded a polypeptide chain of 461 amino acids containing a signal peptide of 29 residues, leading to a mature protein of 47760.2 Da and a pI of 8.66. An N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding module are the components of this enzyme. Despite the phylogenetic proximity to the olive pollen β-1,3-glucanase, Ole e 9, there is only a 39% identity between both sequences. The N- and C-terminal domains have been produced as independent recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris, respectively. Although a low or null enzymatic activity has been associated to long β-1,3-glucanases, the recombinant N-terminal domain has 200-fold higher hydrolytic activity on laminarin than reported for Ole e 9. The C-terminal domain of Fra e 9, a cysteine-rich compact structure, is able to bind laminarin. Both molecules retain comparable IgE-binding capacity when assayed with allergic sera. In summary, the structural and functional comparison between these two closely phylogenetic related enzymes provides novel insights into the complexity of β-1,3-glucanases, representing a heterogeneous protein family with intrinsic allergenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Torres
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I Department Complutense, University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I Department Complutense, University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Quiralte
- Virgen del Rocío University, Hospital of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Gabrielle Pauli
- Hôpital Lyautey, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rosalía Rodríguez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I Department Complutense, University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayte Villalba
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I Department Complutense, University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Ma Y, Kang J, Wu J, Zhu Y, Wang X. Identification of tapetum-specific genes by comparing global gene expression of four different male sterile lines in Brassica oleracea. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 87:541-54. [PMID: 25711971 PMCID: PMC4377141 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The tapetum plays an important role in anther development by providing necessary enzymes and nutrients for pollen development. However, it is difficult to identify tapetum-specific genes on a large-scale because of the difficulty of separating tapetum cells from other anther tissues. Here, we reported the identification of tapetum-specific genes by comparing the gene expression patterns of four male sterile (MS) lines of Brassica oleracea. The abortive phenotypes of the four MS lines revealed different defects in tapetum and pollen development but normal anther wall development when observed by transmission electron microscopy. These tapetum displayed continuous defective characteristics throughout the anther developmental stages. The transcriptome from flower buds, covering all anther developmental stages, was analyzed and bioinformatics analyses exploring tapetum development-related genes were performed. We identified 1,005 genes differentially expressed in at least one of the MS lines and 104 were non-pollen expressed genes (NPGs). Most of the identified NPGs were tapetum-specific genes considering that anther walls were normally developed in all four MS lines. Among the 104 NPGs, 22 genes were previously reported as being involved in tapetum development. We further separated the expressed NPGs into different developmental stages based on the MS defects. The data obtained in this study are not only informative for research on tapetum development in B. oleracea, but are also useful for genetic pathway research in other related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Plant Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun South Street 12, Beijing, 100087 China
| | - Jungen Kang
- Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Landianchang South Street 5, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jian Wu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun South Street 12, Beijing, 100087 China
| | - Yingguo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Plant Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun South Street 12, Beijing, 100087 China
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Shi ZH, Zhang C, Xu XF, Zhu J, Zhou Q, Ma LJ, Niu J, Yang ZN. Overexpression of AtTTP affects ARF17 expression and leads to male sterility in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117317. [PMID: 25822980 PMCID: PMC4378849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Callose synthesis is critical for the formation of the pollen wall pattern. CalS5 is thought to be the major synthethase for the callose wall. In the Arabidopsis anther, ARF17 regulates the expression of CalS5 and is the target of miR160. Plants expressing miR160-resistant ARF17 (35S:5mARF17 lines) with increased ARF17 mRNA levels display male sterility. Here we report a zinc finger family gene, AtTTP, which is involved in miR160 maturation and callose synthesis in Arabidopsis. AtTTP is expressed in microsporocytes, tetrads and tapetal cells in the anther. Over-expression lines of AtTTP (AtTTP-OE line) exhibited reduced male fertility. CalS5 expression was tremendously reduced and the tetrad callose wall became much thinner in the AtTTP-OE line. Northern blotting hybridization and quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that miR160 was decreased, while the expression of ARF17 was increased in the AtTTP-OE line. Based on these results, we propose that AtTTP associates with miR160 in order to regulate the ARF17 expression needed for callose synthesis and pollen wall formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Que Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Li-Juan Ma
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jin Niu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- * E-mail:
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Li Z, Cheng Y, Cui J, Zhang P, Zhao H, Hu S. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals carbohydrate and lipid metabolism blocks in Brassica napus L. male sterility induced by the chemical hybridization agent monosulfuron ester sodium. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:206. [PMID: 25880309 PMCID: PMC4376087 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical hybridization agents (CHAs) are often used to induce male sterility for the production of hybrid seeds. We previously discovered that monosulfuron ester sodium (MES), an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor of the herbicide sulfonylurea family, can induce rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) male sterility at approximately 1% concentration required for its herbicidal activity. To find some clues to the mechanism of MES inducing male sterility, the ultrastructural cytology observations, comparative transcriptome analysis, and physiological analysis on carbohydrate content were carried out in leaves and anthers at different developmental stages between the MES-treated and mock-treated rapeseed plants. RESULTS Cytological analysis revealed that the plastid ultrastructure was abnormal in pollen mother cells and tapetal cells in male sterility anthers induced by MES treatment, with less material accumulation in it. However, starch granules were observed in chloroplastids of the epidermis cells in male sterility anthers. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 1501 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in leaves and anthers at different developmental stages, most of these DETs being localized in plastid and mitochondrion. Transcripts involved in metabolism, especially in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and cellular transport were differentially expressed. Pathway visualization showed that the tightly regulated gene network for metabolism was reprogrammed to respond to MES treatment. The results of cytological observation and transcriptome analysis in the MES-treated rapeseed plants were mirrored by carbohydrate content analysis. MES treatment led to decrease in soluble sugars content in leaves and early stage buds, but increase in soluble sugars content and decrease in starch content in middle stage buds. CONCLUSIONS Our integrative results suggested that carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were influenced by CHA-MES treatment during rapeseed anther development, which might responsible for low concentration MES specifically inducing male sterility. A simple action model of CHA-MES inducing male sterility in B. napus was proposed. These results will help us to understand the mechanism of MES inducing male sterility at low concentration, and might provide some potential targets for developing new male sterility inducing CHAs and for genetic manipulation in rapeseed breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China. .,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China. .,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
| | - Jianmin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China. .,College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
| | - Peipei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China. .,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
| | - Huixian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China. .,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
| | - Shengwu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China. .,College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
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Xu J, Ding Z, Vizcay-Barrena G, Shi J, Liang W, Yuan Z, Werck-Reichhart D, Schreiber L, Wilson ZA, Zhang D. ABORTED MICROSPORES Acts as a Master Regulator of Pollen Wall Formation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:1544-1556. [PMID: 24781116 PMCID: PMC4036570 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.122986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mature pollen is covered by durable cell walls, principally composed of sporopollenin, an evolutionary conserved, highly resilient, but not fully characterized, biopolymer of aliphatic and aromatic components. Here, we report that ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) acts as a master regulator coordinating pollen wall development and sporopollenin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genome-wide coexpression analysis revealed 98 candidate genes with specific expression in the anther and 70 that showed reduced expression in ams. Among these 70 members, we showed that AMS can directly regulate 23 genes implicated in callose dissociation, fatty acids elongation, formation of phenolic compounds, and lipidic transport putatively involved in sporopollenin precursor synthesis. Consistently, ams mutants showed defective microspore release, a lack of sporopollenin deposition, and a dramatic reduction in total phenolic compounds and cutin monomers. The functional importance of the AMS pathway was further demonstrated by the observation of impaired pollen wall architecture in plant lines with reduced expression of several AMS targets: the abundant pollen coat protein extracellular lipases (EXL5 and EXL6), and CYP98A8 and CYP98A9, which are enzymes required for the production of phenolic precursors. These findings demonstrate the central role of AMS in coordinating sporopollenin biosynthesis and the secretion of materials for pollen wall patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhiwen Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gema Vizcay-Barrena
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE125RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zheng Yuan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Danièle Werck-Reichhart
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357-Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Zoe A Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE125RD, United Kingdom
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Fu Z, Yu J, Cheng X, Zong X, Xu J, Chen M, Li Z, Zhang D, Liang W. The Rice Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor TDR INTERACTING PROTEIN2 Is a Central Switch in Early Anther Development. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:1512-1524. [PMID: 24755456 PMCID: PMC4036568 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.123745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In male reproductive development in plants, meristemoid precursor cells possessing transient, stem cell-like features undergo cell divisions and differentiation to produce the anther, the male reproductive organ. The anther contains centrally positioned microsporocytes surrounded by four distinct layers of wall: the epidermis, endothecium, middle layer, and tapetum. Here, we report that the rice (Oryza sativa) basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein TDR INTERACTING PROTEIN2 (TIP2) functions as a crucial switch in the meristemoid transition and differentiation during early anther development. The tip2 mutants display undifferentiated inner three anther wall layers and abort tapetal programmed cell death, causing complete male sterility. TIP2 has two paralogs in rice, TDR and EAT1, which are key regulators of tapetal programmed cell death. We revealed that TIP2 acts upstream of TDR and EAT1 and directly regulates the expression of TDR and EAT1. In addition, TIP2 can interact with TDR, indicating a role of TIP2 in later anther development. Our findings suggest that the bHLH proteins TIP2, TDR, and EAT1 play a central role in regulating differentiation, morphogenesis, and degradation of anther somatic cell layers, highlighting the role of paralogous bHLH proteins in regulating distinct steps of plant cell-type determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaowei Cheng
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Xu Zong
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingjiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zongyun Li
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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SCHRAUWEN JAM, METTENMEYER T, CROES AF, WULLEMS GJ. Tapetum-specific genes: what role do they play in male gametophyte development? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1996.tb00491.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Matsuo Y, Arimura SI, Tsutsumi N. Distribution of cellulosic wall in the anthers of Arabidopsis during microsporogenesis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:1743-50. [PMID: 23893118 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1487-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Cellulose-specific staining revealed that tapetal cells and microsporocytes lose cellulosic walls before the onset of meiosis. Cellulosic wall degradation in microsporocytes might be independent of tapetal cells (or TPD1). ABSTRACT Some cell types in a variety of angiosperms have been reported to lack cell walls. Here, we report that the tapetal cells of the anther of Arabidopsis thaliana did not appear to have a cellulosic wall based on staining with Calcofluor and Renaissance 2200. During sporogenous cell formation, cellulosic wall was present in all anther tissues. However, before meiosis it was almost absent on the tapetal cells and on the microsporocytes. In a sporocyteless/nozzle (spl/nzz) mutant, which lacks several components (microsporocytes, tapetum, middle layer and endothecium), cellulosic wall was detected in all anther cells. In another mutant, tapetum determinant1 (tpd1), which lacks tapetum and has more microsporocytes, cellulosic wall was almost absent on the microsporocytes before meiosis, similar to the wild type. These results suggest that the tapetum cells and microsporocytes lose cellulosic walls during microsporocyte formation, and that cell wall degradation occurs downstream of SPL/NZZ and is independent of TPD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Matsuo
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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Wei L, Miao H, Zhao R, Han X, Zhang T, Zhang H. Identification and testing of reference genes for Sesame gene expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR. PLANTA 2013; 237:873-89. [PMID: 23229061 PMCID: PMC3579469 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an ancient and important oilseed crop. However, few sesame reference genes have been selected for quantitative real-time PCR until now. Screening and validating reference genes is a requisite for gene expression normalization in sesame functional genomics research. In this study, ten candidate reference genes, i.e., SiACT, SiUBQ6, SiTUB, Si18S rRNA, SiEF1α, SiCYP, SiHistone, SiDNAJ, SiAPT and SiGAPDH, were chosen and examined systematically in 32 sesame samples. Three qRT-PCR analysis methods, i.e., geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper, were evaluated systematically. Results indicated that all ten candidate reference genes could be used as reference genes in sesame. SiUBQ6 and SiAPT were the optimal reference genes for sesame plant development; SiTUB was suitable for sesame vegetative tissue development, SiDNAJ for pathogen treatment, SiHistone for abiotic stress, SiUBQ6 for bud development and SiACT for seed germination. As for hormone treatment and seed development, SiHistone, SiCYP, SiDNAJ or SiUBQ6, as well as SiACT, SiDNAJ, SiTUB or SiAPT, could be used as reference gene, respectively. To illustrate the suitability of these reference genes, we analyzed the expression variation of three functional sesame genes of SiSS, SiLEA and SiGH in different organs using the optimal qRT-PCR system for the first time. The stability levels of optimal and worst reference genes screened for seed development, anther sterility and plant development were validated in the qRT-PCR normalization. Our results provided a reference gene application guideline for sesame gene expression characterization using qRT-PCR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Wei
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Miao
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Zhao
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Han
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Tide Zhang
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan People’s Republic of China
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Jiang J, Zhang Z, Cao J. Pollen wall development: the associated enzymes and metabolic pathways. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013; 15:249-63. [PMID: 23252839 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pollen grains are surrounded by a sculpted wall, which protects male gametophytes from various environmental stresses and microbial attacks, and also facilitates pollination. Pollen wall development requires lipid and polysaccharide metabolism, and some key genes and proteins that participate in these processes have recently been identified. Here, we summarise the genes and describe their functions during pollen wall development via several metabolic pathways. A working model involving substances and catalytic enzyme reactions that occur during pollen development is also presented. This model provides information on the complete process of pollen wall development with respect to metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jiang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Dubois A, Carrere S, Raymond O, Pouvreau B, Cottret L, Roccia A, Onesto JP, Sakr S, Atanassova R, Baudino S, Foucher F, Le Bris M, Gouzy J, Bendahmane M. Transcriptome database resource and gene expression atlas for the rose. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:638. [PMID: 23164410 PMCID: PMC3518227 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For centuries roses have been selected based on a number of traits. Little information exists on the genetic and molecular basis that contributes to these traits, mainly because information on expressed genes for this economically important ornamental plant is scarce. RESULTS Here, we used a combination of Illumina and 454 sequencing technologies to generate information on Rosa sp. transcripts using RNA from various tissues and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. A total of 80714 transcript clusters were identified and 76611 peptides have been predicted among which 20997 have been clustered into 13900 protein families. BLASTp hits in closely related Rosaceae species revealed that about half of the predicted peptides in the strawberry and peach genomes have orthologs in Rosa dataset. Digital expression was obtained using RNA samples from organs at different development stages and under different stress conditions. qPCR validated the digital expression data for a selection of 23 genes with high or low expression levels. Comparative gene expression analyses between the different tissues and organs allowed the identification of clusters that are highly enriched in given tissues or under particular conditions, demonstrating the usefulness of the digital gene expression analysis. A web interface ROSAseq was created that allows data interrogation by BLAST, subsequent analysis of DNA clusters and access to thorough transcript annotation including best BLAST matches on Fragaria vesca, Prunus persica and Arabidopsis. The rose peptides dataset was used to create the ROSAcyc resource pathway database that allows access to the putative genes and enzymatic pathways. CONCLUSIONS The study provides useful information on Rosa expressed genes, with thorough annotation and an overview of expression patterns for transcripts with good accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Dubois
- Reproduction et Développement des Plantes UMR INRA-CNRS- Université Lyon 1-ENSL, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 allée d'Italie, Lyon Cedex 07 69364, France
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Nguema-Ona E, Coimbra S, Vicré-Gibouin M, Mollet JC, Driouich A. Arabinogalactan proteins in root and pollen-tube cells: distribution and functional aspects. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 110:383-404. [PMID: 22786747 PMCID: PMC3394660 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are complex proteoglycans of the cell wall found in the entire plant kingdom and in almost all plant organs. AGPs encompass a large group of heavily glycosylated cell-wall proteins which share common features, including the presence of glycan chains especially enriched in arabinose and galactose and a protein backbone particularly rich in hydroxyproline residues. However, AGPs also exhibit strong heterogeneities among their members in various plant species. AGP ubiquity in plants suggests these proteoglycans are fundamental players for plant survival and development. SCOPE In this review, we first present an overview of current knowledge and specific features of AGPs. A section devoted to major tools used to study AGPs is also presented. We then discuss the distribution of AGPs as well as various aspects of their functional properties in root tissues and pollen tubes. This review also suggests novel directions of research on the role of AGPs in the biology of roots and pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Nguema-Ona
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), Grand Réseau de Recherche VASI de Haute Normandie, PRES Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- Sexual Plant Reproduction and Development Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia, F.C. Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Biodiversity, Functional & Integrative Genomics (BioFIG), http://biofig.fc.ul.pt
| | - Maïté Vicré-Gibouin
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), Grand Réseau de Recherche VASI de Haute Normandie, PRES Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), Grand Réseau de Recherche VASI de Haute Normandie, PRES Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), Grand Réseau de Recherche VASI de Haute Normandie, PRES Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
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Zhou Z, Dun X, Xia S, Shi D, Qin M, Yi B, Wen J, Shen J, Ma C, Tu J, Fu T. BnMs3 is required for tapetal differentiation and degradation, microspore separation, and pollen-wall biosynthesis in Brassica napus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:2041-58. [PMID: 22174440 PMCID: PMC3295392 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
7365AB, a recessive genetic male sterility system, is controlled by BnMs3 in Brassica napus, which encodes a Tic40 protein required for tapetum development. However, the role of BnMs3 in rapeseed anther development is still largely unclear. In this research, cytological analysis revealed that anther development of a Bnms3 mutant has defects in the transition of the tapetum to the secretory type, callose degradation, and pollen-wall formation. A total of 76 down-regulated unigenes in the Bnms3 mutant, several of which are associated with tapetum development, callose degeneration, and pollen development, were isolated by suppression subtractive hybridization combined with a macroarray analysis. Reverse genetics was applied by means of Arabidopsis insertional mutant lines to characterize the function of these unigenes and revealed that MSR02 is only required for transport of sporopollenin precursors through the plasma membrane of the tapetum. The real-time PCR data have further verified that BnMs3 plays a primary role in tapetal differentiation by affecting the expression of a few key transcription factors, participates in tapetal degradation by modulating the expression of cysteine protease genes, and influences microspore separation by manipulating the expression of BnA6 and BnMSR66 related to callose degradation and of BnQRT1 and BnQRT3 required for the primary cell-wall degradation of the pollen mother cell. Moreover, BnMs3 takes part in pollen-wall formation by affecting the expression of a series of genes involved in biosynthesis and transport of sporopollenin precursors. All of the above results suggest that BnMs3 participates in tapetum development, microspore release, and pollen-wall formation in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinxing Tu
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Wallace S, Fleming A, Wellman CH, Beerling DJ. Evolutionary development of the plant and spore wall. AOB PLANTS 2011; 2011:plr027. [PMID: 22476497 PMCID: PMC3220415 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plr027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many key innovations were required to enable plants to colonize terrestrial habitats successfully. One of these was the acquisition of a durable spore/pollen wall capable of withstanding the harsh desiccating and UV-B-rich environment encountered on land. The spores of 'lower' spore-bearing plants and the pollen of 'higher' seed plants are homologous. In recent years, researchers have begun to investigate the molecular genetics of pollen wall development in angiosperms (including the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana). However, research into the molecular genetics of spore wall development in more basal plants has thus far been extremely limited. This review summarizes the literature on spore/pollen wall development, including the molecular genetics associated with pollen wall development in angiosperms, in a preliminary attempt to identify possible candidate genes involved in spore wall development in more basal plants. PRESENCE IN MOSS OF GENES INVOLVED IN POLLEN WALL DEVELOPMENT Bioinformatic studies have suggested that genes implicated in pollen wall development in angiosperms are also present in moss and lycopsids, and may therefore be involved in spore wall development in basal plants. This suggests that the molecular genetics of spore/pollen development are highly conserved, despite the large morphological and functional differences between spores and pollen. FUTURE WORK The use of high-throughput sequencing strategies and/or microarray experiments at an appropriate stage of 'lower' land plant sporogenesis will allow the identification of candidate genes likely to be involved in the development of the spore wall by way of comparison with those genes known to be involved in pollen wall development. Additionally, by conducting gene knock-out and gene swap experiments between 'lower' land plant species, such as the moss model species Physcomitrella patens, and the angiosperm model species arabidopsis it will be possible to test the role of these candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wallace
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Dobritsa AA, Geanconteri A, Shrestha J, Carlson A, Kooyers N, Coerper D, Urbanczyk-Wochniak E, Bench BJ, Sumner LW, Swanson R, Preuss D. A large-scale genetic screen in Arabidopsis to identify genes involved in pollen exine production. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 157:947-70. [PMID: 21849515 PMCID: PMC3192556 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.179523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Exine, the outer plant pollen wall, has elaborate species-specific patterns, provides a protective barrier for male gametophytes, and serves as a mediator of strong and species-specific pollen-stigma adhesion. Exine is made of sporopollenin, a material remarkable for its strength, elasticity, and chemical durability. The chemical nature of sporopollenin, as well as the developmental mechanisms that govern its assembly into diverse patterns in different species, are poorly understood. Here, we describe a simple yet effective genetic screen in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that was undertaken to advance our understanding of sporopollenin synthesis and exine assembly. This screen led to the recovery of mutants with a variety of defects in exine structure, including multiple mutants with novel phenotypes. Fifty-six mutants were selected for further characterization and are reported here. In 14 cases, we have mapped defects to specific genes, including four with previously demonstrated or suggested roles in exine development (MALE STERILITY2, CYP703A2, ANTHER-SPECIFIC PROTEIN6, TETRAKETIDE α-PYRONE REDUCTASE/DIHYDROFLAVONOL-4-REDUCTASE-LIKE1), and a number of genes that have not been implicated in exine production prior to this screen (among them, fatty acid ω-hydroxylase CYP704B1, putative glycosyl transferases At1g27600 and At1g33430, 4-coumarate-coenzyme A ligase 4CL3, polygalacturonase QUARTET3, novel gene At5g58100, and nucleotide-sugar transporter At5g65000). Our study illustrates that morphological screens of pollen can be extremely fruitful in identifying previously unknown exine genes and lays the foundation for biochemical, developmental, and evolutionary studies of exine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Dobritsa
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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Phan HA, Iacuone S, Li SF, Parish RW. The MYB80 transcription factor is required for pollen development and the regulation of tapetal programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:2209-24. [PMID: 21673079 PMCID: PMC3160043 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.082651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana MYB80 (formerly MYB103) is expressed in the tapetum and microspores between anther developmental stages 6 and 10. MYB80 encodes a MYB transcription factor that is essential for tapetal and pollen development. Using microarray analysis of anther mRNA, we identified 404 genes differentially expressed in the myb80 mutant. Employing the glucocorticoid receptor system, the expression of 79 genes was changed when MYB80 function was restored in the myb80 mutant following induction by dexamethasone. Thirty-two genes were analyzed using chromatin immunoprecipitation, and three were identified as direct targets of MYB80. The genes encode a glyoxal oxidase (GLOX1), a pectin methylesterase (VANGUARD1), and an A1 aspartic protease (UNDEAD). All three genes are expressed in the tapetum and microspores. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed that MYB80 binds to all three target promoters, with the preferential binding site containing the CCAACC motif. TUNEL assays showed that when UNDEAD expression was silenced using small interfering RNA, premature tapetal and pollen programmed cell death occurred, resembling the myb80 mutant phenotype. UNDEAD possesses a mitochondrial targeting signal and may hydrolyze an apoptosis-inducing protein(s) in mitochondria. The timing of tapetal programmed cell death is critical for pollen development, and the MYB80/UNDEAD system may regulate that timing.
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Wan L, Zha W, Cheng X, Liu C, Lv L, Liu C, Wang Z, Du B, Chen R, Zhu L, He G. A rice β-1,3-glucanase gene Osg1 is required for callose degradation in pollen development. PLANTA 2011; 233:309-23. [PMID: 21046148 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant β-1,3-glucanases are involved in plant defense and development. In rice (Oryza sativa), 14 genes encoding putative β-1,3-glucanases have been isolated and sequenced. However, only limited information is available on the function of these β-1,3-glucanase genes. In this study, we report a detailed functional characterization of one of these genes, Osg1. Osg1 encodes a glucanase carrying no C-terminal extension. Osg1 was found to be expressed throughout the plant and highly expressed in florets, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades. Investigations using real-time PCR, immunocytochemical analysis, and a GUS-reporter gene driven by the Osg1 promoter indicated that Osg1 was mainly expressed at the late meiosis, early microspore, and middle microspore stages in the florets. To elucidate the role of Osg1, we suppressed expression of the Osg1 gene by RNA interference in transgenic rice. The silencing of Osg1 resulted in male sterility. The pollen mother cells appeared to be normal in Osg1-RI plants, but callose degradation was disrupted around the microspores in the anther locules of the Osg1-RI plants at the early microspore stage. Consequently, the release of the young microspores into the anther locules was delayed, and the microspores began to degenerate later. These results provide evidence that Osg1 is essential for timely callose degradation in the process of tetrad dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Plant Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Zavaliev R, Ueki S, Epel BL, Citovsky V. Biology of callose (β-1,3-glucan) turnover at plasmodesmata. PROTOPLASMA 2011; 248:117-30. [PMID: 21116665 PMCID: PMC9473521 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-010-0247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The turnover of callose (β-1,3-glucan) within cell walls is an essential process affecting many developmental, physiological and stress related processes in plants. The deposition and degradation of callose at the neck region of plasmodesmata (Pd) is one of the cellular control mechanisms regulating Pd permeability during both abiotic and biotic stresses. Callose accumulation at Pd is controlled by callose synthases (CalS; EC 2.4.1.34), endogenous enzymes mediating callose synthesis, and by β-1,3-glucanases (BG; EC 3.2.1.39), hydrolytic enzymes which specifically degrade callose. Transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of some CalSs and BGs are strongly controlled by stress signaling, such as that resulting from pathogen invasion. We review the role of Pd-associated callose in the regulation of intercellular communication during developmental, physiological, and stress response processes. Special emphasis is placed on the involvement of Pd-callose in viral pathogenicity. Callose accumulation at Pd restricts virus movement in both compatible and incompatible interactions, while its degradation promotes pathogen spread. Hence, studies on mechanisms of callose turnover at Pd during viral cell-to-cell spread are of importance for our understanding of host mechanisms exploited by viruses in order to successfully spread within the infected plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Zavaliev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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Dou XY, Yang KZ, Zhang Y, Wang W, Liu XL, Chen LQ, Zhang XQ, Ye D. WBC27, an adenosine tri-phosphate-binding cassette protein, controls pollen wall formation and patterning in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 53:74-88. [PMID: 21205178 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.01010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, the exine components are derived from tapetum. Despite its importance to sexual plant reproduction, little is known about the translocation of exine materials from tapetum to developing microspores. Here we report functional characterization of the arabidopsis WBC27 gene. WBC27 encodes an adenosine tri-phosphate binding cassette (ABC) transporter and is expressed preferentially in tapetum. Mutation of WBC27 disrupted the exine formation. The wbc27 mutant microspores began to degenerate once released from tetrads and most of the microspores collapsed at the uninucleate stage. Only a small number of wbc27-1 microspores could develop into tricellular pollen grains. These survival pollen grains lacked exine and germinated in the anther before anthesis. All of these results suggest that the ABC transporter, WBC27 plays important roles in the formation of arabidopsis exine, possibly by translocation of lipidic precursors of sporopollenin from tapetum to developing microspores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultral University, Beijing, China
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