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Vittal R, Walker NM, McLinden AP, Braeuer RR, Ke F, Fattahi F, Combs MP, Misumi K, Aoki Y, Wheeler DS, Wilke CA, Huang SK, Moore BB, Cao P, Lama VN. Genetic deficiency of the transcription factor NFAT1 confers protection against fibrogenic responses independent of immune influx. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L39-L51. [PMID: 37933452 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00045.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is marked by unremitting matrix deposition and architectural distortion. Multiple profibrotic pathways contribute to the persistent activation of mesenchymal cells (MCs) in fibrosis, highlighting the need to identify and target common signaling pathways. The transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1) lies downstream of second messenger calcium signaling and has been recently shown to regulate key profibrotic mediator autotaxin (ATX) in lung MCs. Herein, we investigate the role of NFAT1 in regulating fibroproliferative responses during the development of lung fibrosis. Nfat1-/--deficient mice subjected to bleomycin injury demonstrated improved survival and protection from lung fibrosis and collagen deposition as compared with bleomycin-injured wild-type (WT) mice. Chimera mice, generated by reconstituting bone marrow cells from WT or Nfat1-/- mice into irradiated WT mice (WT→WT and Nfat1-/-→WT), demonstrated no difference in bleomycin-induced fibrosis, suggesting immune influx-independent fibroprotection in Nfat1-/- mice. Examination of lung tissue and flow sorted lineageneg/platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα)pos MCs demonstrated decreased MC numbers, proliferation [↓ cyclin D1 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation], myofibroblast differentiation [↓ α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)], and survival (↓ Birc5) in Nfat1-/- mice. Nfat1 deficiency abrogated ATX expression in response to bleomycin in vivo and MCs derived from Nfat1-/- mice demonstrated decreased ATX expression and migration in vitro. Human IPF MCs demonstrated constitutive NFAT1 activation, and regulation of ATX in these cells by NFAT1 was confirmed using pharmacological and genetic inhibition. Our findings identify NFAT1 as a critical mediator of profibrotic processes, contributing to dysregulated lung remodeling and suggest its targeting in MCs as a potential therapeutic strategy in IPF.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease with hallmarks of fibroblastic foci and exuberant matrix deposition, unknown etiology, and ineffective therapies. Several profibrotic/proinflammatory pathways are implicated in accelerating tissue remodeling toward a honeycombed end-stage disease. NFAT1 is a transcriptional factor activated in IPF tissues. Nfat1-deficient mice subjected to chronic injury are protected against fibrosis independent of immune influxes, with suppression of profibrotic mesenchymal phenotypes including proliferation, differentiation, resistance to apoptosis, and autotaxin-related migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Vittal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Natalie M Walker
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - A Patrick McLinden
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Russell R Braeuer
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Fang Ke
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Fatemeh Fattahi
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Michael P Combs
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Keizo Misumi
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Yoshiro Aoki
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - David S Wheeler
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Carol A Wilke
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Steven K Huang
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Pengxiu Cao
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Vibha N Lama
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Kuczyńska M, Moskot M, Gabig-Cimińska M. Insights into Autophagic Machinery and Lysosomal Function in Cells Involved in the Psoriatic Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Cascade. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0005. [PMID: 38409665 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Impaired autophagy, due to the dysfunction of lysosomal organelles, contributes to maladaptive responses by pathways central to the immune system. Deciphering the immune-inflammatory ecosystem is essential, but remains a major challenge in terms of understanding the mechanisms responsible for autoimmune diseases. Accumulating evidence implicates a role that is played by a dysfunctional autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) and an immune niche in psoriasis (Ps), one of the most common chronic skin diseases, characterized by the co-existence of autoimmune and autoinflammatory responses. The dysregulated autophagy associated with the defective lysosomal system is only one aspect of Ps pathogenesis. It probably cannot fully explain the pathomechanism involved in Ps, but it is likely important and should be seriously considered in Ps research. This review provides a recent update on discoveries in the field. Also, it sheds light on how the dysregulation of intracellular pathways, coming from modulated autophagy and endolysosomal trafficking, characteristic of key players of the disease, i.e., skin-resident cells, as well as circulating immune cells, may be responsible for immune impairment and the development of Ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Kuczyńska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Moskot
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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TRPV3 and Itch: The Role of TRPV3 in Chronic Pruritus according to Clinical and Experimental Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314962. [PMID: 36499288 PMCID: PMC9737326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Itching is a sensory phenomenon characterized by an unpleasant sensation that makes you want to scratch the skin, and chronic itching diminishes the quality of life. In recent studies, multiple transient receptor potential (TRP) channels present in keratinocytes or nerve endings have been shown to engage in the propagation of itch signals in chronic dermatological or pruritic conditions, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PS). TRPV3, a member of the TRP family, is highly expressed in the epidermal keratinocytes. Normal TRPV3 signaling is essential for maintaining epidermal barrier homeostasis. In recent decades, many studies have suggested that TRPV3 contributes to detecting pruritus signals. Gain-of-function mutations in TRPV3 in mice and humans are characterized by severe itching, hyperkeratosis, and elevated total IgE levels. These studies suggest that TRPV3 is an important channel for skin itching. Preclinical studies have provided evidence to support the development of TRPV3 antagonists for treating inflammatory skin conditions, itchiness, and pain. This review explores the role of TRPV3 in chronic pruritus, collating clinical and experimental evidence. We also discuss underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms and explore the potential of TRPV3 antagonists as therapeutic agents.
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Nuanced Interactions between AKAP79 and STIM1 with Orai1 Ca 2+ Channels at Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Junctions Sustain NFAT Activation. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0017522. [PMID: 36317924 PMCID: PMC9670898 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00175-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A-kinase anchoring protein 79 (AKAP79) is a human scaffolding protein that organizes Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin, calmodulin, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, and the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT1) into a signalosome at the plasma membrane. Upon Ca2+ store depletion, AKAP79 interacts with the N-terminus of STIM1-gated Orai1 Ca2+ channels, enabling Ca2+ nanodomains to stimulate calcineurin. Calcineurin then dephosphorylates and activates NFAT1, which then translocates to the nucleus. A fundamental question is how signalosomes maintain long-term signaling when key effectors are released and therefore removed beyond the reach of the activating signal. Here, we show that the AKAP79-Orai1 interaction is considerably more transient than that of STIM1-Orai1. Free AKAP79, with calcineurin and NFAT1 in tow, is able to replace rapidly AKAP79 devoid of NFAT1 on Orai1, in the presence of continuous Ca2+ entry. We also show that Ca2+ nanodomains near Orai1 channels activate almost the entire cytosolic pool of NFAT1. Recycling of inactive NFAT1 from the cytoplasm to AKAP79 in the plasma membrane, coupled with the relatively weak interaction between AKAP79 and Orai1, maintain excitation-transcription coupling. By measuring rates for AKAP79-NFAT interaction, we formulate a mathematical model that simulates NFAT dynamics at the plasma membrane.
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CD147-Cyclophilin a Interactions Promote Proliferation and Survival of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157889. [PMID: 34360654 PMCID: PMC8346093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD147, a transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, and cyclophilin A (CypA), one of the binding partners of CD147, are overexpressed in tumor cells and associated with the progression of several malignancies, including both solid and hematological malignancies. However, CD147 and CypA involvement in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) has not been reported. In this study, we examined CD147 and CypA expression and function using clinical samples of mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) and CTCL cell lines. CD147 and CypA were overexpressed by tumor cells of MF/SS, and CypA was also expressed by epidermal keratinocytes in MF/SS lesional skin. Serum CypA levels were increased and correlated with disease severity markers in MF/SS patients. Anti-CD147 antibody and/or anti-CypA antibody suppressed the proliferation of CTCL cell lines, both in vitro and in vivo, via downregulation of phosphorylated extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 and Akt. These results suggest that CD147-CypA interactions can contribute to the proliferation of MF/SS tumor cells in both a autocrine and paracrine manner, and that the disruption of CD147-CypA interactions could be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MF/SS.
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Wang S, Qian H, Zhang L, Liu P, Zhuang D, Zhang Q, Bai F, Wang Z, Yan Y, Guo J, Huang J, Wu X. Inhibition of Calcineurin/NFAT Signaling Blocks Oncogenic H-Ras Induced Autophagy in Primary Human Keratinocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720111. [PMID: 34350189 PMCID: PMC8328491 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of H-Ras, a member of the RAS family, are preferentially found in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). H-Ras has been reported to induce autophagy, which plays an essential role in tissue homeostasis in multiple types of cancer cells and in fibroblasts, however, the potential role of H-Ras in regulating autophagy in human keratinocytes has not been reported. In this study, we found that the stable expression of the G12V mutant of H-RAS (H-Ras G12V ) induced autophagy in human keratinocytes, and interestingly, the induction of autophagy was strongly blocked by inhibiting the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway with either a calcineurin inhibitor (Cyclosporin A) or a NFAT inhibitor (VIVIT), or by the small interfering RNA (siRNA) mediated knockdown of calcineurin B1 or NFATc1 in vitro, as well as in vivo. To characterize the role of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway in H-Ras induced autophagy, we found that H-Ras G12V promoted the nuclear translocation of NFATc1, an indication of the activation of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway, in human keratinocytes. However, activation of NFATc1 either by the forced expression of NFATc1 or by treatment with phenformin, an AMPK activator, did not increase the formation of autophagy in human keratinocytes. Further study revealed that inhibiting the calcineurin/NFAT pathway actually suppressed H-Ras expression in H-Ras G12V overexpressing cells. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that NFATc1 potentially binds the promoter region of H-Ras and the binding efficiency was significantly enhanced by the overexpression of H-Ras G12V , which was abolished by treatment with the calcineurin/NFAT pathway inhibitors cyclosporine A (CsA) or VIVIT. Taking these data together, the present study demonstrates that the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway controls H-Ras expression and interacts with the H-Ras pathway, involving the regulation of H-Ras induced autophagy in human keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Qian
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Dexuan Zhuang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Fuxiang Bai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yonggan Yan
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies, Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Savaid Stomatology School of Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies, Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Hudson L, Begg M, Wright B, Cheek T, Jahoda CAB, Reynolds NJ. Dominant effect of gap junction communication in wound-induced calcium-wave, NFAT activation and wound closure in keratinocytes. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8171-8183. [PMID: 34180060 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wounding induces a calcium wave and disrupts the calcium gradient across the epidermis but mechanisms mediating calcium and downstream signalling, and longer-term wound healing responses are incompletely understood. As expected, live-cell confocal imaging of Fluo-4-loaded normal human keratinocytes showed an immediate increase in [Ca2+ ]i at the wound edge that spread as a calcium wave (8.3 µm/s) away from the wound edge with gradually diminishing rate of rise and amplitude. The amplitude and area under the curve of [Ca2+ ]i flux was increased in high (1.2 mM) [Ca2+ ]o media. 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid (18αGA), a gap-junction inhibitor or hexokinase, an ATP scavenger, blocked the wound-induced calcium wave, dependent in part on [Ca2+ ]o . Wounding in a high [Ca2+ ]o increased nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) but not NFkB activation, assessed by dual-luciferase receptor assays compared to unwounded cells. Treatment with 18αGA or the store-operated channel blocker GSK-7975A inhibited wound-induced NFAT activation, whereas treatment with hexokinase did not. Real-time cell migration analysis, measuring wound closure rates over 24 h, revealed that 18αGA essentially blocked wound closure whereas hexokinase and GSK-7975A showed relatively minimal effects. Together these data indicate that while both gap-junction communication and ATP release from damaged cells are important in regulating the wound-induced calcium wave, long-term transcriptional and functional responses are dominantly regulated by gap-junction communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hudson
- Institute of Translational and Clinical Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Malcolm Begg
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK
| | - Blythe Wright
- Institute of Translational and Clinical Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tim Cheek
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Nick J Reynolds
- Institute of Translational and Clinical Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Do NQ, Zheng S, Park B, Nguyen QTN, Choi BR, Fang M, Kim M, Jeong J, Choi J, Yang SJ, Yi TH. Camu-Camu Fruit Extract Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses by Regulating NFAT and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in High Glucose-Induced Human Keratinocytes. Molecules 2021; 26:3174. [PMID: 34073317 PMCID: PMC8198278 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myrciaria dubia (HBK) McVaugh (camu-camu) belongs to the family Myrtaceae. Although camu-camu has received a great deal of attention for its potential pharmacological activities, there is little information on the anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects of camu-camu fruit in skin diseases. In the present study, we investigated the preventative effect of 70% ethanol camu-camu fruit extract against high glucose-induced human keratinocytes. High glucose-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was inhibited by camu-camu fruit treatment. In response to ROS reduction, camu-camu fruit modulated the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling pathways related to inflammation by downregulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, camu-camu fruit treatment activated the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and subsequently increased the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1) expression to protect keratinocytes against high-glucose-induced oxidative stress. These results indicate that camu-camu fruit is a promising material for preventing oxidative stress and skin inflammation induced by high glucose level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Quynh Do
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-Daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (N.Q.D.); (S.Z.); (B.P.); (Q.T.N.N.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Shengdao Zheng
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-Daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (N.Q.D.); (S.Z.); (B.P.); (Q.T.N.N.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Bom Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-Daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (N.Q.D.); (S.Z.); (B.P.); (Q.T.N.N.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Quynh T. N. Nguyen
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-Daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (N.Q.D.); (S.Z.); (B.P.); (Q.T.N.N.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Bo-Ram Choi
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea;
| | - Minzhe Fang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-Daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (N.Q.D.); (S.Z.); (B.P.); (Q.T.N.N.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Minseon Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-Daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (N.Q.D.); (S.Z.); (B.P.); (Q.T.N.N.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (J.C.)
- Snow White Factory Co., Ltd., 807 Nonhyeonro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06032, Korea;
| | - Jeehaeng Jeong
- Snow White Factory Co., Ltd., 807 Nonhyeonro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06032, Korea;
| | - Junhui Choi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-Daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (N.Q.D.); (S.Z.); (B.P.); (Q.T.N.N.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Su-Jin Yang
- Gu Star Co., Ltd., 7/F, Cheongho B/D, 19, Eonju-ro 148-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06054, Korea;
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-Daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (N.Q.D.); (S.Z.); (B.P.); (Q.T.N.N.); (M.F.); (M.K.); (J.C.)
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Kar P, Lin YP, Bhardwaj R, Tucker CJ, Bird GS, Hediger MA, Monico C, Amin N, Parekh AB. The N terminus of Orai1 couples to the AKAP79 signaling complex to drive NFAT1 activation by local Ca 2+ entry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2012908118. [PMID: 33941685 PMCID: PMC8126794 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012908118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To avoid conflicting and deleterious outcomes, eukaryotic cells often confine second messengers to spatially restricted subcompartments. The smallest signaling unit is the Ca2+ nanodomain, which forms when Ca2+ channels open. Ca2+ nanodomains arising from store-operated Orai1 Ca2+ channels stimulate the protein phosphatase calcineurin to activate the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Here, we show that NFAT1 tethered directly to the scaffolding protein AKAP79 (A-kinase anchoring protein 79) is activated by local Ca2+ entry, providing a mechanism to selectively recruit a transcription factor. We identify the region on the N terminus of Orai1 that interacts with AKAP79 and demonstrate that this site is essential for physiological excitation-transcription coupling. NMR structural analysis of the AKAP binding domain reveals a compact shape with several proline-driven turns. Orai2 and Orai3, isoforms of Orai1, lack this region and therefore are less able to engage AKAP79 and activate NFAT. A shorter, naturally occurring Orai1 protein that arises from alternative translation initiation also lacks the AKAP79-interaction site and fails to activate NFAT1. Interfering with Orai1-AKAP79 interaction suppresses cytokine production, leaving other Ca2+ channel functions intact. Our results reveal the mechanistic basis for how a subtype of a widely expressed Ca2+ channel is able to activate a vital transcription pathway and identify an approach for generation of immunosuppressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak Kar
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Ping Lin
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Rajesh Bhardwaj
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Charles J Tucker
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Gary S Bird
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Matthias A Hediger
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carina Monico
- Micron Oxford Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Nader Amin
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Anant B Parekh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom;
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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Jyothi S, Krishna K, Ameena Shirin V, Sankar R, Pramod K, Gangadharappa H. Drug delivery systems for the treatment of psoriasis: Current status and prospects. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Luostarinen S, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen E. Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1)-An Inflammation-Induced Factor in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073322. [PMID: 33805042 PMCID: PMC8037497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is an ion channel mainly studied in sensory neurons where it mediates itch, pain and neurogenic inflammation. Recently, some nonneuronal cells have also been shown to express TRPA1 to support inflammatory responses. To address the role of TRPA1 in skin inflammation, we aimed to investigate TRPA1 expression in keratinocytes. HaCaT cells (a model of human keratinocytes) and skin biopses from wild-type and TRPA1 deficient mice were used in the studies. TRPA1 expression in nonstimulated keratinocytes was very low but significantly inducible by the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in an nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK)-dependent manner. Interestingly, drugs widely used to treat skin inflammation, the calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and cyclosporine and the glucocorticoid dexamethasone, significantly decreased TRPA1 expression. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of TRPA1 reduced the synthesis of TNF-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in keratinocytes and mouse skin biopsies. In conclusion, these findings point to an inflammatory role for TRPA1 in keratinocytes and present TRPA1 as a potential drug target in inflammatory skin diseases.
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Ume AC, Pugh JM, Kemp MG, Williams CR. Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-associated skin cancers: New insights on exploring mechanisms by which CNIs downregulate DNA repair machinery. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2020; 36:433-440. [PMID: 32786098 PMCID: PMC11042075 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of the calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus remains a cornerstone in post-transplantation immunosuppression. Although these immunosuppressive agents have revolutionized the field of transplantation medicine, its increased skin cancer risk poses a major concern. A key contributor to this phenomenon is a reduced capacity to repair DNA damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of sunlight. CNIs decrease DNA repair by mechanisms that remain to be fully explored. Though CsA is known to decrease the abundance of key DNA repair enzymes, less is known about how tacrolimus yields this effect. CNIs hold the capacity to inhibit both of the main catalytic calcineurin isoforms (CnAα and CnAβ). However, it is unknown which isoform regulates UV-induced DNA repair, which is the focus of this review. It is with hope that this insight spurs investigative efforts that conclusively addresses these gaps in knowledge. Additionally, this research also raises the possibility that newer CNIs can be developed that effectively blunt the immune response while mitigating the incidence of skin cancers with immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaku C. Ume
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology, College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Jennifer M. Pugh
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology, College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Michael G. Kemp
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Clintoria R. Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology, College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
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Kühne JF, Neudörfl C, Beushausen K, Keil J, Malysheva S, Wandrer F, Haller H, Messerle M, Blume C, Neuenhahn M, Schlott F, Hammerschmidt W, Zeidler R, Falk CS. Differential effects of Belatacept on virus-specific memory versus de novo allo-specific T cell responses of kidney transplant recipients and healthy donors. Transpl Immunol 2020; 61:101291. [PMID: 32330566 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2020.101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Belatacept, Nulojix®, inhibits the interaction of CD28 on naïve T cells with B7.1/B7.2 (CD80/86) on antigen presenting cells, leading to T cell hyporesponsiveness and anergy and is approved as immunosuppressive drug in kidney transplantation. Due to its specificity for B7.1/2 molecules, side effects are reduced compared to other immunosuppressive drugs like calcineurin- and mTOR-inhibitors. Kidney transplant recipients under Belatacept-based immunosuppression presented with superior renal function and similar graft survival seven years after transplantation compared to cyclosporine treatment. However, de novo Belatacept-based immunosuppression was associated with increased risk of early rejections and viral (EBV) infections in clinical trials, especially in EBV-naïve patients. Since there is no vaccination against EBV infection available, EBV-derived virus like particles (EBV-VLPs) are currently developed as vaccine strategy. Here, we investigated the immunosuppressive effects of Belatacept compared to calcineurin- and mTOR inhibitors on allo- versus virus-specific T cells and the potency of EBV-VLPs to induce virus-specific T cell responses in vitro. Using PBMC of kidney recipients and healthy donors, we could demonstrate selective inhibition of allo-specific de novo T cell responses but not virus-specific memory T cell responses by Belatacept, as measured by IFN-γ production. In contrast, calcineurin inhibitors suppressed IFN-γ production of virus-specific memory CD8+ T cells completely. These results experimentally confirm the concept that Belatacept blocks CD28-mediated costimulation in newly primed naïve T cells but does not interfere with memory T cell responses being already independent from CD28-mediated costimulation. Additionally, we could show that EBV-VLPs induce a significant though weak IFN-γ-mediated T cell response in vitro in both kidney recipients and healthy donors. In summary, we demonstrated that immunosuppression of kidney recipients by Belatacept may primarily suppress de novo allo-specific T cell responses sparing virus-specific memory T cells. Moreover, EBV-VLPs could represent a novel strategy for vaccination of immunocompromised renal transplant recipients to prevent EBV reactivation especially under Belatacept-based immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Neudörfl
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Beushausen
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Keil
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Svitlana Malysheva
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Wandrer
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Messerle
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; DZIF, German Center for Infectious Diseases, TTU-IICH Hannover-Braunschweig site, Germany
| | - Cornelia Blume
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Neuenhahn
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; DZIF, German Center for Infectious Diseases, TTU-IICH Munich site, Germany
| | - Fabian Schlott
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; DZIF, German Center for Infectious Diseases, TTU-IICH Munich site, Germany
| | | | | | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; DZIF, German Center for Infectious Diseases, TTU-IICH Hannover-Braunschweig site, Germany.
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Janikowska G, Kurzeja E, Janikowski M, Strzałka-Mrozik B, Pyka-Pająk A, Janikowski T. The Effect of Cyclosporine A on Dermal Fibroblast Cell - Transcriptomic Analysis of Inflammatory Response Pathway. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1213-1223. [PMID: 32297577 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200416103928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first immunosuppressive drug - cyclosporine A (CsA) has many unquestioned merits in maintaining organ transplants in patients, as well as, in the treatment of many inflammatory diseases, also associated with cutaneous manifestations. The main task of this drug is to suppress the inflammatory response at the sites of action, which is not well known. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CsA in therapeutic concentration on the expression of genes associated with the inflammatory response pathway in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF; CC-2511), and this study attempted to determine the mechanism of its action. METHODS The cytotoxicity MTT test was performed. The expression of the inflammatory response pathway genes was determined using HG-U133A_2.0 oligonucleotide microarrays. Statistical analysis was performed by GeneSpring 13.0 software using the PL-Grid platform. RESULTS Among the 5,300 mRNA, only 573 were changed significantly in response to CsA compared to the control fibroblasts (P≤0.05). CsA inhibited the expression of most genes associated with the inflammatory response in NHDFs. There were only 19 genes with a fold change (FC) lower than -2.0, among which EGR1, FOS, PBK, CDK1 and TOP2A had the lowest expression, as did CXCL2 which can directly impact inflammation. Furthermore, ZNF451 was strongly induced, and COL1A1, COL3A1, IL33, TNFRSFs were weakly up-regulated (FC lower than 2.0). CONCLUSION The CsA in therapeutic concentration influences the genes linked to the inflammatory response (in the transcriptional level) in human dermal fibroblasts. The findings suggest that the potential mechanism of CsA action in this concentration and on these genes can be associated with a profibrotic and proapoptotic, and genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Janikowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Kurzeja
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Janikowski
- Student Scientific Club at the Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Alina Pyka-Pająk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Chen HH, Lin CC, Tung YT, Chao YH, Huang WC, Lee PY. Combination Therapy of Acarbose and Cyclosporine a Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Dermatitis in Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081822. [PMID: 32316255 PMCID: PMC7221909 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Moderate to severe psoriasis, an immune-mediated inflammatory disease, adversely affects patients' lives. Cyclosporin A (CsA), an effective immunomodulator, is used to treat psoriasis. CsA is ineffective at low doses and toxic at high doses. Acarbose (Acar), a common antidiabetic drug with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, reduces imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis severity. Combinations of systemic drugs are generally more efficacious and safer than higher doses of single drugs. We observed that mice treated with a combination of Acar (250 mg/kg) and low-dose CsA (10 or 20 mg/kg) exhibited significantly milder IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis and smoother back skin than those treated with Acar (250 mg/kg), low-dose CsA (10 or 20 mg/kg), or IMQ alone. The combination therapy significantly reduced serum and skin levels of Th17-related cytokines (interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22, and IL-23) and the Th1-related cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) compared with Acar, low-dose CsA, and IMQ alone. Additionally, the combination therapy significantly reduced the percentages of IL-17- and IL-22-producing CD4+ T-cells (Th17 and Th22 cells, respectively) and increased that of Treg cells. Our data suggested that Acar and low-dose CsA in combination alleviates psoriatic skin lesions by inhibiting inflammation. The findings provide new insights into the effects of immunomodulatory drugs in psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hua Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsuan Chao
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Wen-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Ying Lee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 280, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Garcia-Vaz E, McNeilly AD, Berglund LM, Ahmad A, Gallagher JR, Dutius Andersson AM, McCrimmon RJ, Zetterqvist AV, Gomez MF, Khan F. Inhibition of NFAT Signaling Restores Microvascular Endothelial Function in Diabetic Mice. Diabetes 2020; 69:424-435. [PMID: 31806622 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Central to the development of diabetic macro- and microvascular disease is endothelial dysfunction, which appears well before any clinical sign but, importantly, is potentially reversible. We previously demonstrated that hyperglycemia activates nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) in conduit and medium-sized resistance arteries and that NFAT blockade abolishes diabetes-driven aggravation of atherosclerosis. In this study, we test whether NFAT plays a role in the development of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. NFAT-dependent transcriptional activity was elevated in skin microvessels of diabetic Akita (Ins2 +/- ) mice when compared with nondiabetic littermates. Treatment of diabetic mice with the NFAT blocker A-285222 reduced NFATc3 nuclear accumulation and NFAT-luciferase transcriptional activity in skin microvessels, resulting in improved microvascular function, as assessed by laser Doppler imaging and iontophoresis of acetylcholine and localized heating. This improvement was abolished by pretreatment with the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor l-N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, while iontophoresis of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside eliminated the observed differences. A-285222 treatment enhanced dermis endothelial NO synthase expression and plasma NO levels of diabetic mice. It also prevented induction of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and osteopontin, lowered plasma endothelin-1 and blood pressure, and improved mouse survival without affecting blood glucose. In vivo inhibition of NFAT may represent a novel therapeutic modality to preserve endothelial function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Garcia-Vaz
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alison D McNeilly
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Lisa M Berglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jennifer R Gallagher
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | | | - Rory J McCrimmon
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Anna V Zetterqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria F Gomez
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Faisel Khan
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K.
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Combarros D, Moulin JP, Correge S, Delverdier M, Cadiergues MC. Clinical and histological recovery of non-thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis in a cat treated with ciclosporin A. JFMS Open Rep 2020; 6:2055116920902307. [PMID: 32095258 PMCID: PMC7013115 DOI: 10.1177/2055116920902307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CASE SUMMARY A 6-year-old neutered female European Shorthair cat was referred for chronic, moderately pruritic, alopecic and exfoliative dermatosis that was unresponsive to antiparasitic, antibiotic or steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The cat presented with truncular alopecia and numerous whitish adherent scales covering the whole body. Differential diagnoses included sebaceous adenitis, dermatophytosis, demodicosis, exfoliative dermatitis associated or not with thymoma, drug reaction, feline immunodeficiency virus- or feline leukaemia virus-associated dermatoses, epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma, and Malassezia yeasts and/or bacterial overgrowth. Blood tests were within normal limits and the retrovirus tests were negative. Skin scrapings, fungal culture, coat brushing and skin cytology were negative for parasitic or microbial elements. Radiographs showed no signs of a thymic mass. Histological examination of skin biopsies revealed marked orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, lymphocytic (CD3+) interface dermatitis and mural folliculitis with absence of sebaceous glands and occasional apoptotic cells in different epidermal layers. Clinical and histological findings were consistent with non-thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis syndrome. Ciclosporin A (7 mg/kg) was administered once daily. A dramatic improvement was observed after 3 weeks. Ciclosporin A intake was then progressively spaced out as the clinical signs diminished. Skin biopsies revealed resolution of hyperkeratosis, disappearance of the inflammatory infiltrate and recovery of the sebaceous glands. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION T-cell infiltration with signs of epidermal cytotoxicity, in the absence of infectious agents or neoplastic process, suggests an immune-mediated process, and ciclosporin A, a calcineurin inhibitor, would be the drug of choice. This is the first report showing resolution of both the clinical and histological signs of non-thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Combarros
- Department of Clinical Sciences,
Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France; UDEAR, Université de Toulouse,
INSERM, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Maxence Delverdier
- Department of Basic Sciences, Université
de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France; IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT,
Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Christine Cadiergues
- Department of Clinical Sciences,
Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France; UDEAR, Université de Toulouse,
INSERM, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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18
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Hu Y, Guo J, Yin L, Tu J, Yin Z. Tacrolimus Inhibits TNF-α/IL-17A-Produced pro-Inflammatory Effect on Human Keratinocytes by Regulating IκBζ. Inflammation 2019; 43:692-700. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Cyclophilin A–FoxO1 signaling pathway in endothelial cell apoptosis. Cell Signal 2019; 61:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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20
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Lee JH, Kwon HS, Jung HM, Lee H, Kim GM, Yim HW, Bae JM. Treatment Outcomes of Topical Calcineurin Inhibitor Therapy for Patients With Vitiligo: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 155:929-938. [PMID: 31141108 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Importance Topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs), including tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, have been widely used for the treatment of vitiligo; however, the efficacy of TCI monotherapy is often underestimated. Objectives To estimate the treatment responses to both TCI monotherapy and TCI accompanied by phototherapy for vitiligo, based on relevant prospective studies, and to systematically review the mechanism of action of TCIs for vitiligo treatment. Data Sources A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases from the date of database inception to August 6, 2018, was conducted. The main key words used were vitiligo, topical calcineurin inhibitor, tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, and FK506. Study Selection Of 250 studies initially identified, the full texts of 102 articles were assessed for eligibility. A total of 56 studies were identified: 11 studies on the TCI mechanism, 36 studies on TCI monotherapy, 12 studies on TCI plus phototherapy, and 1 study on TCI maintenance therapy. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two reviewers independently extracted data on study design, patients, intervention characteristics, and outcomes. Random-effects meta-analyses using the generic inverse variance weighting were performed for the TCI monotherapy and TCI plus phototherapy groups. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were the rates of at least mild (≥25%), at least moderate (≥50%), and marked (≥75%) repigmentation responses to treatment. These rates were calculated by dividing the number of participants in an individual study who showed the corresponding repigmentation by the total number of participants who completed that study. Results In the 56 studies included in the analysis, 46 (1499 patients) were selected to evaluate treatment response. For TCI monotherapy, an at least mild response was achieved in 55.0% (95% CI, 42.2%-67.8%) of 560 patients in 21 studies, an at least moderate response in 38.5% (95% CI, 28.2%-48.8%) of 619 patients in 23 studies, and a marked response in 18.1% (95% CI, 13.2%-23.1%) of 520 patients in 19 studies after median treatment duration of 3 months (range, 2-7 months). In the subgroup analyses, face and neck lesions showed an at least mild response in 73.1% (95% CI, 32.6-83.5%) of patients, and a marked response in 35.4% (95% CI, 24.9-46.0%) of patients. For TCI plus phototherapy, an at least mild response to TCI plus phototherapy was achieved in 89.5% (95% CI, 81.1-97.9%) of patients, and a marked response was achieved in 47.5% (95% CI, 30.6-64.4%) of patients. Conclusions and Relevance The use of TCIs, both as a monotherapy and in combination with phototherapy, should be encouraged in patients with vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hae Lee
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuck Sun Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Mi Jung
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunyong Lee
- Clinical Research Coordinating Center, Catholic Medical Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyong Moon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Yim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Bae
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Jain S, Addan R, Kushwah V, Harde H, Mahajan RR. Comparative assessment of efficacy and safety potential of multifarious lipid based Tacrolimus loaded nanoformulations. Int J Pharm 2019; 562:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Schober R, Waldherr L, Schmidt T, Graziani A, Stilianu C, Legat L, Groschner K, Schindl R. STIM1 and Orai1 regulate Ca 2+ microdomains for activation of transcription. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:1079-1091. [PMID: 30408546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since calcium (Ca2+) regulates a large variety of cellular signaling processes in a cell's life, precise control of Ca2+ concentrations within the cell is essential. This enables the transduction of information via Ca2+ changes in a time-dependent and spatially defined manner. Here, we review molecular and functional aspects of how the store-operated Ca2+ channel Orai1 creates spatiotemporal Ca2+ microdomains. The architecture of this channel is unique, with a long helical pore and a six-fold symmetry. Energetic barriers within the Ca2+ channel pathway limit permeation to allow an extensive local Ca2+ increase in close proximity to the channel. The precise timing of the Orai1 channel function is controlled by direct binding to STIM proteins upon Ca2+ depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum. These induced Ca2+ microdomains are tailored to, and sufficient for, triggering long-term activation processes, such as transcription factor activation and subsequent gene regulation. We describe the principles of spatiotemporal activation of the transcription factor NFAT and compare its signaling characteristics to those of the autophagy regulating transcription factors, MITF and TFEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Schober
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
| | - Linda Waldherr
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tony Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Annarita Graziani
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Stilianu
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lorenz Legat
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Groschner
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rainer Schindl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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23
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Hwang E, Gao W, Xiao Y, Ngo HTT, Yi T. Helianthus annuus
L. flower prevents UVB‐induced photodamage in human dermal fibroblasts by regulating the MAPK/AP‐1, NFAT, and Nrf2 signaling pathways. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:601-612. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunson Hwang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University Giheung‐gu Yongin‐si Gyeonggi‐do South Korea
| | - Wei Gao
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University Giheung‐gu Yongin‐si Gyeonggi‐do South Korea
| | - Yong‐kun Xiao
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University Giheung‐gu Yongin‐si Gyeonggi‐do South Korea
- Tianjin Ginkingsen Health Technology Co., Ltd Binhai Gaoxin Tianjin China
| | - Hien T. T. Ngo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University Giheung‐gu Yongin‐si Gyeonggi‐do South Korea
| | - Tae‐Hoo Yi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University Giheung‐gu Yongin‐si Gyeonggi‐do South Korea
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Ultraviolet light-induced gasdermin C expression is mediated via TRPV1/calcium/calcineurin/NFATc1 signaling. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2859-2866. [PMID: 30226565 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin (GSDM)‑C is a member of the GSDM gene family and is expressed in the epithelial cells of various tissue types, including skin. GSDMC expression is induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and contributes to UV‑induced matrix metalloproteinase 1 expression in human skin keratinocytes. However, how UV irradiation induces GSDMC expression remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) and a calcium/calcineurin‑signaling pathway in UV‑induced GSDMC expression in human skin keratinocytes. Suppression of TRPV1 activity by treatment with the TRPV1 antagonists capsazepine and ruthenium red significantly reduced UV‑induced GSDMC expression, whereas direct activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin, a TRPV1 agonist, increased GSDMC expression. The results demonstrated that extracellular calcium and calcineurin activity may be necessary for UV‑induced GSDMC expression in HaCaT cells. In addition, UV‑induced GSDMC expression was either decreased or increased following knockdown or overexpression of nuclear factor of activated T‑cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), respectively. These data suggested that TRPV1 may serve an important role in the induction of GSDMC expression by UV and that UV‑induced GSDMC expression may be mediated via a calcium/calcineurin/NFATc1 pathway.
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25
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Hou X, Liu R, Huang C, Jiang L, Zhou Y, Chen Q. Cyclophilin A was revealed as a candidate marker for human oral submucous fibrosis by proteomic analysis. Cancer Biomark 2018; 20:345-356. [PMID: 28826174 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic insidious disease which predisposes to oral cancer. Understanding the molecular markers for OSF is critical for diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer. In this study, the proteins expression profile of OSF tissues was compared to normal mucous tissues by 2 dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). The 2-DE images were analyzed through cut, spot detection and match analysis using mass spectrometry (MS). Differentially expressed genes were identified as candidates. RT-PCR, Western Blot and immunohistochemistry were performed to validate the difference in expression of the candidates between OSF and normal mucous tissues. The shRNA targeted to the candidates were then transfected by Lipofectamine2000 to the 3T3 cells to study gene function. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by MTT, clonogenic formation, PI and TUNEL staining. From the proteomic analysis, 94 of the 182 selected spots with differential expression were identified by MS analysis and Cyclophilin A (CYPA) was determined to be the OSF-associated protein candidate. The significant differences in expression between OSF and normal tissues were verified and confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blot and Immunohistochemical analysis. Inhibition of CYPA expression by RNA interference suggested its potential activities involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis process. In conclusion, these results indicated a novel molecular mechanism of OSF pathogenesis and demonstrated CYPA as a potential biomarker and gene intervention targets of OSF. These data may help the development for therapeutics of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hou
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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26
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Phospholipase Cδ1 regulates p38 MAPK activity and skin barrier integrity. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1079-1090. [PMID: 28430185 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes undergo a unique type of programmed cell death known as cornification, which leads to the formation of the stratum corneum (SC), the main physical barrier of the epidermis. A defective epidermal barrier is a hallmark of the two most common inflammatory skin disorders, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of skin barrier formation are not yet fully understood. Here, we showed that downregulation of phospholipase C (PLC) δ1, a Ca2+-mobilizing and phosphoinositide-metabolizing enzyme abundantly expressed in the epidermis, impairs the barrier functions of the SC. PLCδ1 downregulation also impairs localization of tight junction proteins. Loss of PLCδ1 leads to a decrease in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and nuclear factor of activated T cells activity, along with hyperactivation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and inactivation of RhoA. Treatment with a p38 MAPK inhibitor reverses the barrier defects caused by PLCδ1 downregulation. Interestingly, this treatment also attenuates psoriasis-like skin inflammation in imiquimod-treated mice. These findings demonstrate that PLCδ1 is essential for epidermal barrier integrity. This study also suggests a possible link between PLCδ1 downregulation, p38 MAPK hyperactivation, and barrier defects in psoriasis-like skin inflammation.
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27
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Recruitment of calcineurin to the TCR positively regulates T cell activation. Nat Immunol 2016; 18:196-204. [PMID: 27941787 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin is a phosphatase whose primary targets in T cells are NFAT transcription factors, and inhibition of calcineurin activity by treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA) or FK506 is a cornerstone of immunosuppressive therapies. Here we found that calcineurin was recruited to the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling complex, where it reversed inhibitory phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinase Lck on Ser59 (LckS59). Loss of calcineurin activity impaired phosphorylation of Tyr493 of the tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 (ZAP-70Y493), as well as some downstream pathways in a manner consistent with signaling in cells expressing LckS59A (Lck that cannot be phosphorylated) or LckS59E (a phosphomimetic mutant). Notably, CsA inhibited integrin-LFA-1-dependent and NFAT-independent adhesion of T cells to the intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1, with little effect on cells expressing mutant Lck. These results provide new understanding of how widely used immunosuppressive drugs interfere with essential processes in the immune response.
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28
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NFATc1 supports imiquimod-induced skin inflammation by suppressing IL-10 synthesis in B cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11724. [PMID: 27222343 PMCID: PMC4894959 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epicutaneous application of Aldara cream containing the TLR7 agonist imiquimod (IMQ) to mice induces skin inflammation that exhibits many aspects of psoriasis, an inflammatory human skin disease. Here we show that mice depleted of B cells or bearing interleukin (IL)-10-deficient B cells show a fulminant inflammation upon IMQ exposure, whereas ablation of NFATc1 in B cells results in a suppression of Aldara-induced inflammation. In vitro, IMQ induces the proliferation and IL-10 expression by B cells that is blocked by BCR signals inducing NFATc1. By binding to HDAC1, a transcriptional repressor, and to an intronic site of the Il10 gene, NFATc1 suppresses IL-10 expression that dampens the production of tumour necrosis factor-α and IL-17 by T cells. These data indicate a close link between NFATc1 and IL-10 expression in B cells and suggest NFATc1 and, in particular, its inducible short isoform, NFATc1/αA, as a potential target to treat human psoriasis. Regulatory B cells are important for preventing skin autoimmunity. Here the authors show that NFATc1 suppresses IL-10 transcription in regulatory B cells, and inhibiting NFATc1 decreases immunopathology in a mouse model of imiquimod-induced skin inflammation.
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29
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Anderson SJ, Feye KM, Schmidt-McCormack GR, Malovic E, Mlynarczyk GSA, Izbicki P, Arnold LF, Jefferson MA, de la Rosa BM, Wehrman RF, Luna KC, Hu HZ, Kondru NC, Kleinhenz MD, Smith JS, Manne S, Putra MR, Choudhary S, Massey N, Luo D, Berg CA, Acharya S, Sharma S, Kanuri SH, Lange JK, Carlson SA. Off-Target drug effects resulting in altered gene expression events with epigenetic and "Quasi-Epigenetic" origins. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:229-233. [PMID: 27025785 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review synthesizes examples of pharmacological agents who have off-target effects of an epigenetic nature. We expand upon the paradigm of epigenetics to include "quasi-epigenetic" mechanisms. Quasi-epigenetics includes mechanisms of drugs acting upstream of epigenetic machinery or may themselves impact transcription factor regulation on a more global scale. We explore these avenues with four examples of conventional pharmaceuticals and their unintended, but not necessarily adverse, biological effects. The quasi-epigenetic drugs identified in this review include the use of beta-lactam antibiotics to alter glutamate receptor activity and the action of cyclosporine on multiple transcription factors. In addition, we report on more canonical epigenome changes associated with pharmacological agents such as lithium impacting autophagy of aberrant proteins, and opioid drugs whose chronic use increases the expression of genes associated with addictive phenotypes. By expanding our appreciation of transcriptomic regulation and the effects these drugs have on the epigenome, it is possible to enhance therapeutic applications by exploiting off-target effects and even repurposing established pharmaceuticals. That is, exploration of "pharmacoepigenetic" mechanisms can expand the breadth of the useful activity of a drug beyond the traditional drug targets such as receptors and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Kristina M Feye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Garrett R Schmidt-McCormack
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Emir Malovic
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Gregory S A Mlynarczyk
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Patricia Izbicki
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Larissa F Arnold
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Matthew A Jefferson
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Bierlein M de la Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Rita F Wehrman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - K C Luna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Hilary Z Hu
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Naveen C Kondru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Michael D Kleinhenz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Joe S Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Sireesha Manne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Marson R Putra
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Shivani Choudhary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Nyzil Massey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Diou Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Carrie A Berg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Sreemoyee Acharya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Shaunik Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Sri Harsha Kanuri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Jennifer K Lange
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Steve A Carlson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
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30
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Kwon HK, Kim GC, Hwang JS, Kim Y, Chae CS, Nam JH, Jun CD, Rudra D, Surh CD, Im SH. Transcription factor NFAT1 controls allergic contact hypersensitivity through regulation of activation induced cell death program. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19453. [PMID: 26777750 PMCID: PMC4726067 DOI: 10.1038/srep19453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is an inflammatory skin disease mediated by allergen specific T cells. In this study, we investigated the role of transcription factor NFAT1 in the pathogenesis of contact hypersensitivity. NFAT1 knock out (KO) mice spontaneously developed CHS-like skin inflammation in old age. Healthy young NFAT1 KO mice displayed enhanced susceptibility to hapten-induced CHS. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from NFAT1 KO mice displayed hyper-activated properties and produced significantly enhanced levels of inflammatory T helper 1(Th1)/Th17 type cytokines. NFAT1 KO T cells were more resistant to activation induced cell death (AICD), and regulatory T cells derived from these mice showed a partial defect in their suppressor activity. NFAT1 KO T cells displayed a reduced expression of apoptosis associated BCL-2/BH3 family members. Ectopic expression of NFAT1 restored the AICD defect in NFAT1 KO T cells and increased AICD in normal T cells. Recipient Rag2−/− mice transferred with NFAT1 KO T cells showed more severe CHS sensitivity due to a defect in activation induced hapten-reactive T cell apoptosis. Collectively, our results suggest the NFAT1 plays a pivotal role as a genetic switch in CD4+/CD8+ T cell tolerance by regulating AICD process in the T cell mediated skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Keun Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Cheon Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea.,Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Hwang
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea.,New Drug Development center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80, Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-749, Korea
| | - Chang-Suk Chae
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Nam
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-749, Korea
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles D Surh
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
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31
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Mizuno K, Morizane S, Takiguchi T, Iwatsuki K. Dexamethasone but not tacrolimus suppresses TNF-α-induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in lesional keratinocytes of atopic dermatitis model. J Dermatol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26198442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) initiates the Th2-type allergic inflammation, and is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). TNF-α is a key cytokine which is involved in the pathophysiology of various inflammatory diseases, and the expression level is elevated in the sera and skin of patients with AD. In addition, TNF-α has been reported to induce TSLP expression in epidermal keratinocytes. Topical glucocorticoids and calcineurin inhibitors are safe and effective agents for AD, but the effects of these agents on TNF-α-induced TSLP expression are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone and the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus could affect TSLP expression induced by TNF-α in lesional keratinocytes of AD. METHODS The effects of topical dexamethasone and tacrolimus on TSLP expression were evaluated in an AD mouse model induced by repeated 2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene application. Co-immunostaining for TSLP and TNF-α was performed using skin samples from AD patients and the mouse model. Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were cultured with dexamethasone or tacrolimus in the presence of TNF-α to analyze TSLP expression. RESULTS Topical application of dexamethasone but not tacrolimus repressed TSLP expression in the mouse model. TSLP and TNF-α showed similar distribution pattern in epidermal keratinocytes of AD lesions and the mouse model. TSLP expression was induced by TNF-α via NF-κB in a dose-dependent and an autocrine and/or paracrine manner in NHEKs, which was significantly suppressed by dexamethasone but not by tacrolimus. Similarly to TSLP expression, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-36γ expression induced by TNF-α were significantly suppressed by dexamethasone but not by tacrolimus in NHEKs. CONCLUSION Dexamethasone but not tacrolimus suppresses the TSLP expression induced by TNF-α in lesional keratinocytes of AD model. Our observations uncover the unreported functional difference between topical glucocorticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors in cutaneous inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Mizuno
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin Morizane
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Takiguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Keiji Iwatsuki
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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32
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Tahvili S, Zandieh B, Amirghofran Z. The effect of dimethyl fumarate on gene expression and the level of cytokines related to different T helper cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with psoriasis. Int J Dermatol 2015; 54:e254-60. [PMID: 26108267 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fumaric acid esters such as dimethyl fumarate (DMF) have proven to be effective in the treatment of psoriasis. OBJECTIVES In view of the role of Th17 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of DMF on Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses in patients. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from psoriasis patients and healthy individuals and were cultured in the presence or absence of phytohemagglutinin and DMF. The cell supernatants were removed to measure cytokine secretion, and the lymphocytes were used for real-time polymerase chain reaction to establish gene expression. RESULTS An increase in gene expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), as a marker for Th1 activity, and interleukin-17 (IL-17), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-22 representing the Th17 subset in the PBMCs of patients in comparison with those of control subjects was observed. Culture of PBMCs from psoriasis patients and controls in the presence of DMF decreased IFN-γ and increased IL-4 gene expression in both groups. Treatment with DMF could significantly decrease IL-17, GM-CSF, and IL-22 mRNA levels in the PBMCs of patients. Decreased release of IFN-γ and GM-CSF cytokine secretion after DMF treatment was also observed in PBMC cultures of patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS These data show the effectiveness of DMF in modulating Th17 cells in addition to Th1/Th2 cells and reflect one of the underlying mechanisms of action of DMF in psoriasis. These findings may also support the possible benefits of using fumarate in the treatment of other autoimmune diseases in the pathogeneses of which Th1 and Th17 cells play major roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Tahvili
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Basira Zandieh
- Department of Dermatology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Autoimmune Disease Research Center and Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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33
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Burke MT, Morais C, Oliver KA, Lambie DLJ, Gobe GC, Carroll RP, Staatz CE, Sinnya S, Soyer HP, Winterford C, Haass NK, Campbell SB, Isbel NM. Expression of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 in the nonmelanoma skin cancers of renal transplant recipients. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 143:514-26. [PMID: 25780003 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpqnb5wa3plqbk] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate how immunosuppression influences the protein expression of antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family-namely, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1-in nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and the peritumoral epidermis of renal transplant recipients. METHODS NMSC and peritumoral epidermis protein expression of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 were assessed by immunohistochemistry in renal transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus or sirolimus and the general population not receiving immunosuppression. RESULTS NMSC from renal transplant recipients compared with patients not receiving immunosuppressant medications had a reduced Bcl-xL expression intensity (P = .042). Mcl-1 expression intensity in NMSC was decreased in tacrolimus-treated patients compared with sirolimus-treated patients and the nonimmunosuppressed population (P = .024). Bcl-xL expression intensity was increased in peritumoral epidermis compared with NMSC (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS It was shown for the first time that Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 expression are widespread in the peritumoral epidermis and NMSC of renal transplant recipients. Importantly in NMSC, Bcl-xL expression was reduced with immunosuppression exposure, and Mcl-1 expression was reduced in tacrolimus-treated compared with sirolimus-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Burke
- Department of Renal Medicine, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christudas Morais
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kimberley A. Oliver
- Department of Pathology, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Duncan L. J. Lambie
- IQ Pathology, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glenda C. Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert P. Carroll
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Services, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Sudipta Sinnya
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - H. Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Clay Winterford
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nikolas K. Haass
- The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Scott B. Campbell
- Department of Renal Medicine, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicole M. Isbel
- Department of Renal Medicine, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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Kemmerling J, Fehlert E, Kuper CF, Rühl-Fehlert C, Stropp G, Vogels J, Krul C, Vohr HW. The transferability from rat subacute 4-week oral toxicity study to translational research exemplified by two pharmaceutical immunosuppressants and two environmental pollutants with immunomodulating properties. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:326-42. [PMID: 25823813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to chemicals may have an influence on the immune system. Often, this is an unwanted effect but in some pharmaceuticals, it is the intended mechanism of action. Immune function tests and in depth histopathological investigations of immune organs were integrated in rodent toxicity studies performed according to an extended OECD test guideline 407 protocol. Exemplified by two immunosuppressive drugs, azathioprine and cyclosporine A, and two environmental chemicals, hexachlorobenzene and benzo[a]pyrene, results of subacute rat studies were compared to knowledge in other species particular in humans. Although immune function has a high concordance in mammalian species, regarding the transferability from rodents to humans various factors have to be taken into account. In rats, sensitivity seems to depend on factors such as strain, sex, stress levels as well as metabolism. The two immunosuppressive drugs showed a high similarity of effects in animals and humans as the immune system was the most sensitive target in both. Hexachlorobenzene gave an inconsistent pattern of effects when considering the immune system of different species. In some species pronounced inflammation was observed, whereas in primates liver toxicity seemed more obvious. Generally, the immune system was not the most sensitive target in hexachlorobenzene-treatment. Immune function tests in rats gave evidence of a reaction to systemic inflammation rather than a direct impact on immune cells. Data from humans are likewise equivocal. In the case of benzo[a]pyrene, the immune system was the most sensitive target in rats. In the in vitro plaque forming cell assay (Mishell-Dutton culture) a direct comparison of cells from different species including rat and human was possible and showed similar reactions. The doses in the rat study had, however, no realistic relation to human exposure, which occurs exclusively in mixtures and in a much lower range. In summary, a case by case approach is necessary when testing immunotoxicity. Improvements for the translation from animals to humans related to immune cells can be expected from in vitro tests which offer direct comparison with reactions of human immune cells. This may lead to a better understanding of results and variations seen in animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kemmerling
- Bayer Pharma AG, GDD-GED-TOX-IT-Immunotoxicology, Aprather Weg, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Ellen Fehlert
- Department of Medicine IV, Eberhard-Karls University, Otfried-Müller Street 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Frieke Kuper
- TNO Innovation for Life, PO Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gisela Stropp
- Bayer Pharma AG, GDD-GED-Product Stewardship Industrial Chemicals, Aprather Weg, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jack Vogels
- TNO Innovation for Life, PO Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Cyrille Krul
- TNO Innovation for Life, PO Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Werner Vohr
- Bayer Pharma AG, GDD-GED-TOX-IT-Immunotoxicology, Aprather Weg, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
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Distinct spatial Ca2+ signatures selectively activate different NFAT transcription factor isoforms. Mol Cell 2015; 58:232-43. [PMID: 25818645 PMCID: PMC4405353 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein isoforms are widely expressed in biological systems. How isoforms that co-exist within the same sub-cellular domain are differentially activated remains unclear. Here, we compare the regulatory mechanism of two closely related transcription factor isoforms, NFAT1 and NFAT4, that migrate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus following the increase in intracellular Ca(2+) that accompanies the opening of store-operated Orai1/CRAC channels. We demonstrate that NFAT1 has a private line of communication with Orai1, activating in response to Ca(2+) microdomains near the open channels. By contrast, NFAT4 stimulation requires both local Ca(2+) entry and a nuclear Ca(2+) rise. We mapped differences in nuclear location to amino acids within the SP-3 motif of the NFAT regulatory domain. The different Ca(2+) dependencies enable agonists to recruit different isoform combinations as stimulus strength increases. Our study uncovers a mechanism whereby co-existing cytoplasmic transcription factor isoforms are differentially activated by distinct sub-cellular Ca(2+) signals.
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Caglayan Sozmen S, Isik S, Arikan Ayyildiz Z, Yildiz K, Cakır Y, Ozer E, Asilsoy S, Uzuner N, Karaman O, Anal O. Cyclosporin treatment improves skin findings in omenn syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2015; 32:e54-7. [PMID: 25727345 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Omenn syndrome is a combined immunodeficiency characterized by a generalized erythematous skin rash, enlarged lymph nodes, hepatosplenomegaly, severe susceptibility to infections, eosinophilia, and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. A 3-month-old girl was admitted to our hospital with a history of recurrent sepsis. Physical examination revealed severe erythroderma, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and failure to thrive. Laboratory findings revealed leukocytosis, lymphocytosis with high CD3 T-cells, a high CD4:CD8 ratio, absence of CD19 B-cells, high eosinophil count, and low immunoglobulin levels. A heterozygote RAG1 gene mutation was found. She had itchy, scaling, ichthyosiform erythroderma and protracted diarrhea. Cyclosporin treatment up to 10 mg/kg effectively resolved erythroderma and lowered total eosinophil counts, and she gained weight during treatment. Since extensive erythroderma with generalized itching causes patient discomfort in Omenn syndrome, cyclosporin treatment can be considered while waiting for treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Caglayan Sozmen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
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Jung JW, Overgaard NH, Burke MT, Isbel N, Frazer IH, Simpson F, Wells JW. Does the nature of residual immune function explain the differential risk of non-melanoma skin cancer development in immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients? Int J Cancer 2015; 138:281-92. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Jung
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute; Brisbane QLD
| | - Nana H. Overgaard
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute; Brisbane QLD
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Herlev Denmark
| | - Michael T. Burke
- Department of Renal Medicine; The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane QLD
| | - Nicole Isbel
- Department of Renal Medicine; The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane QLD
| | - Ian H. Frazer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute; Brisbane QLD
| | - Fiona Simpson
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute; Brisbane QLD
| | - James W. Wells
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute; Brisbane QLD
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Jin M, Park S, Park BK, Choi JJ, Yoon SJ, Yang M, Pyo MY. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid suppress Th2 cytokine expression in RBL-2H3 basophilic leukemia cells. J Med Food 2014; 17:198-205. [PMID: 24460246 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that the intake of omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is beneficial for preventing and/or treating allergic diseases. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases is associated with overactivation of Th2-skewed immunity. Basophils generate large amounts of Th2 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which are critically involved in allergic inflammation. We investigated how EPA and DHA affect Th2 cytokine expression in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate- and ionomycin (PI)-activated RBL-2H3 basophilic leukemia cells. EPA and DHA induced a dramatic decrease in the production of IL-4 and IL-13 and their transcription in a dose-dependent manner. Luciferase assays of RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing Il4 and Il13 promoter-reporter plasmids demonstrated a significant suppression of PI-induced promoter activation. Analysis of certain transcription factors revealed that nuclear expression of c-Fos and the mRNA expression were suppressed by EPA and DHA. Furthermore, they significantly inhibited the nuclear expression and translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT)1. In contrast, the expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), GATA-binding proteins (GATAs), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) were not significantly affected by EPA and DHA. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase was inhibited by EPA and DHA, and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was decreased by DHA, but not by EPA. Taken together, our data suggest that EPA and DHA may suppress Th2-skewed allergic immune responses by inhibiting the expression of basophilic IL-4 and IL-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirim Jin
- 1 Laboratory of Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University , Daejeon, Korea
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39
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Spiewak R, Pietowska J, Curzytek K. Nickel: a unique allergen – from molecular structure to European legislation. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 3:851-9. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.3.6.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Wilson SR, Thé L, Batia LM, Beattie K, Katibah GE, McClain SP, Pellegrino M, Estandian DM, Bautista DM. The epithelial cell-derived atopic dermatitis cytokine TSLP activates neurons to induce itch. Cell 2013; 155:285-95. [PMID: 24094650 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic itch and inflammatory disorder of the skin that affects one in ten people. Patients suffering from severe AD eventually progress to develop asthma and allergic rhinitis, in a process known as the "atopic march." Signaling between epithelial cells and innate immune cells via the cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is thought to drive AD and the atopic march. Here, we report that epithelial cells directly communicate to cutaneous sensory neurons via TSLP to promote itch. We identify the ORAI1/NFAT calcium signaling pathway as an essential regulator of TSLP release from keratinocytes, the primary epithelial cells of the skin. TSLP then acts directly on a subset of TRPA1-positive sensory neurons to trigger robust itch behaviors. Our results support a model whereby calcium-dependent TSLP release by keratinocytes activates both primary afferent neurons and immune cells to promote inflammatory responses in the skin and airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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41
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Prucha H, Schnopp C, Akdis C, Lauener R, Wollenberg A, Ring J, Traidl-Hoffmann C. Pimecrolimus, a topical calcineurin inhibitor used in the treatment of atopic eczema. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:1507-16. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.819343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Cyclosporine is an immunomodulatory medication that is efficacious and approved for atopic dermatitis in dogs and allergic dermatitis in cats; it has also been used to successfully manage a variety of immune-mediated dermatoses in dogs and cats. This article reviews the use of cyclosporine in veterinary dermatology including its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, side effects, and relevant clinical updates. Dermatologic indications including atopic/allergic dermatitis, perianal fistulas, sebaceous adenitis, and other immune-mediated skin diseases are discussed.
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43
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Targeting IL-17 in psoriasis: from cutaneous immunobiology to clinical application. Clin Immunol 2012; 146:131-9. [PMID: 23314273 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease associated with complex genetic susceptibility. Although the hallmark of psoriasis is characterized by cutaneous inflammation and keratinocyte hyperproliferation, recent studies show that the pathologic features observed in psoriasis arises as a result of innate and adaptive immune activation in genetically prone individuals. Studies focused on the microenvironment in the skin of psoriasis lesions have revealed novel cellular and cytokine abnormalities of the immune system. One pathway important is the role of the T(H)17/IL-17 dysregulation. The recent development of biologics that target the IL-17 cytokine pathway has confirmed the importance of T(H)17 and IL-17 homeostasis in the skin and yielded potent therapies in the treatment of psoriasis, and potentially other autoimmune diseases.
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44
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Lysophosphatidic acid promotes cell migration through STIM1- and Orai1-mediated Ca2+(i) mobilization and NFAT2 activation. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 133:793-802. [PMID: 23096711 PMCID: PMC3572452 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) enhances cell migration and promotes wound healing in vivo, but the intracellular signaling pathways regulating these processes remain incompletely understood. Here we investigated the involvement of agonist-induced Ca2+ entry and STIM1 and Orai1 proteins in regulating nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) signaling and LPA-induced keratinocyte cell motility. As monitored by Fluo-4 imaging, stimulation with 10 μℳ LPA in 60 μℳ Ca2+o evoked Ca2+i transients owing to store release, whereas addition of LPA in physiological 1.2 mℳ Ca2+o triggered store release coupled to extracellular Ca2+ entry. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) was blocked by the SOCE inhibitor diethylstilbestrol (DES), STIM1 silencing using RNA interference (RNAi), and expression of dominant/negative Orai1R91W. LPA induced significant NFAT activation as monitored by nuclear translocation of green fluorescent protein-tagged NFAT2 and a luciferase reporter assay, which was impaired by DES, expression of Orai1R91W, and inhibition of calcineurin using cyclosporin A (CsA). By using chemotactic migration assays, LPA-induced cell motility was significantly impaired by STIM1, CsA, and NFAT2 knockdown using RNAi. These data indicate that in conditions relevant to epidermal wound healing, LPA induces SOCE and NFAT activation through Orai1 channels and promotes cell migration through a calcineurin/NFAT2-dependent pathway.
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45
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Zhou LL, Lin ZX, Fung KP, Che CT, Zhao M, Cheng CHK, Zuo Z. Ethyl acetate fraction of Radix rubiae inhibits cell growth and promotes terminal differentiation in cultured human keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:241-247. [PMID: 22580026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Chinese medicine practice, Radix rubiae, the dry root of Rubia cordifolia L. is commonly used for the treatment of psoriasis. AIM OF THE STUDY Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by hyperproliferation and aberrant differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. Our previous studies identified Radix rubiae to have potent antiproliferative action on cultured HaCaT keratinocytes and to induce keratinocyte differentiation in mouse tail model. The present study aimed to investigate whether Radix rubiae could also induce terminal differentiation in cultured human keratinocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS The cornified envelope (CE) formation assay showed that ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of Radix rubiae significantly accentuated the CE formation, a well-recognized marker of terminal differentiation, in cultured HEK and HaCaT cells in a dose and time dependent manner. Western blot analyses demonstrated that EA fraction of Radix rubiae at a concentration of 3.2μg/ml significantly increased transglutaminase type I and involucrin expression in both HEK and HaCaT keratinocytes after 96 h treatment, a response similar to that of Ca²⁺ positive control. Moreover, the expression level of cytokeratin 5/14, which is specifically related to cell proliferation, was significantly downregulated while terminal differentiation markers cytokeratin 1/10 were markedly increased by Radix rubiae treatment in both HEK and HaCaT cells. CONCLUSION The present experimental findings unequivocally confirmed the keratinocyte terminal differentiation promoting capacity of Radix rubiae, and strongly suggest that Radix rubiae is a promising antipsoriatic agent warranting further clinical development for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Li Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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Prescott TAK, Ariño J, Kite GC, Simmonds MSJ. Inhibition of human calcineurin and yeast calcineurin-dependent gene expression by Jasminum humile leaf and root extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 140:293-297. [PMID: 22301445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves of Jasminum humile are used to treat skin disorders in a way which resembles the use of modern topical anti-inflammatory drugs. Ethanolic extracts of the roots and leaves were shown to inhibit calcineurin which is a regulator of inflammatory gene expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS A novel yeast calcineurin reporter gene assay suitable for a 96 well plate format was developed to test for inhibition of calcineurin-dependent gene expression. Calmodulin/calcineurin phosphatase assays were then used to further elucidate the mode of action of the extracts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Jasminum humile root and leaf extract exhibited calcineurin inhibition activity that was shown to be mediated through a direct interaction with calcineurin enzyme. The activity is sufficient to block calcineurin-dependent gene expression in a yeast model. The activity of the plant supports its traditional use in the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders. The specially adapted yeast reporter assay was found to be a highly effective way of detecting calcineurin inhibitors in plant extracts.
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Ciclosporin modulates the responses of canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes (CPEK) to toll-like receptor agonists. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 147:91-6. [PMID: 22525195 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 dependent pathways have an important role in the antimicrobial defense of human keratinocytes, and various factors and compounds have been shown to affect those pathways. Investigating Toll-like receptor function in canine keratinocytes and the potential for their modulation is of similar relevance in dogs due to the frequency of staphylococcal skin infections in this species, particularly in the context of canine atopic dermatitis. This pilot study hypothesized that ciclosporin would have a modulatory effect on the cytokine and TLR mRNA expression of canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes in response to TLR2 agonists. No detectable up-regulation of TLR2, TLR4, IL-8 and TNF-α mRNA was detected following exposure to FSL-1, Pam3CSK4 and staphylococcal peptidoglycan (PGN). Ciclosporin alone did not alter the expression levels of these transcripts but in the presence of ciclosporin, TNF-α mRNA expression was upregulated in response to all three agonists and both TNF-α and IL-8 transcript abundance was increased in response to Pam3CSK4. The enhanced responsiveness of canine keratinocytes to TLR2 agonists in response to ciclosporin may imply that administration of this drug might enhance the innate immune barrier of skin.
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Hampton PJ, Jans R, Flockhart RJ, Parker G, Reynolds NJ. Lithium regulates keratinocyte proliferation via glycogen synthase kinase 3 and NFAT2 (nuclear factor of activated T cells 2). J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:1529-37. [PMID: 21678407 PMCID: PMC4150531 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Certain environmental factors including drugs exacerbate or precipitate psoriasis. Lithium is the commonest cause of drug-induced psoriasis but underlying mechanisms are currently unknown. Lithium inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). As lithium does not exacerbate other T-cell-mediated chronic inflammatory diseases, we investigated whether lithium may be acting directly on epidermal keratinocytes by inhibiting GSK-3. We report that lithium-induced keratinocyte proliferation at therapeutically relevant doses (1-2 mM) and increased the proportion of cells in S phase of the cell cycle. Inhibition of GSK-3 in keratinocytes by retroviral transduction of GSK-binding protein (an endogenous inhibitory protein) or through a highly selective pharmacological inhibitor also resulted in increased keratinocyte proliferation. Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is an important substrate for GSK-3 and for cyclosporin, an effective treatment for psoriasis that inhibits NFAT activation in keratinocytes as well as in lymphocytes. Both lithium and genetic/pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3 resulted in increased nuclear localization of NFAT2 (NFATc1) and increased NFAT transcriptional activation. Finally, retroviral transduction of NFAT2 increased keratinocyte proliferation whereas siRNA-mediated knockdown of NFAT2 reduced keratinocyte proliferation and decreased epidermal thickness in an organotypic skin equivalent model. Taken together, these data identify GSK-3 and NFAT2 as key regulators of keratinocyte proliferation and as potential molecular targets relevant to lithium-provoked psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Hampton
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase enzyme calcineurin (Cn) (protein phosphatase 3) is best known for its role as director of the adaptive immune response. One of its principal substrates is the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), which translocates to the nucleus after dephosphorylation to mediate gene transcription. Drugs targeting Cn (the Cn inhibitors tacrolimus and cyclosporin A) have revolutionized posttransplantation therapy in allograft recipients by considerably reducing rejection rates.
CONTENT
Owing primarily to intensive study of the side effects of the Cn inhibitors, the unique importance of Cn and Cn/NFAT signaling in the normal physiological processes of many other cell and tissue types is becoming more evident. During the last decade, it has become clear that an extensive and diverse array of clinical conditions can be traced back, at least in part, to a disturbed Cn-signaling axis. Hence, both diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring could benefit from a technique that conveniently reads out Cn/NFAT operative status.
SUMMARY
This review outlines the current knowledge on the pathologic conditions that have calcineurin as a common denominator and reports on the progress that has been made toward successfully applying Cn and Cn/NFAT activity markers in molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben E A Musson
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry and
- Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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50
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Rudloff I, Bachmann M, Pfeilschifter J, Mühl H. Mechanisms of rapid induction of interleukin-22 in activated T cells and its modulation by cyclosporin a. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:4531-43. [PMID: 22170067 PMCID: PMC3281663 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.286492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-22 is an immunoregulatory cytokine displaying pathological functions in models of autoimmunity like experimental psoriasis. Understanding molecular mechanisms driving IL-22, together with knowledge on the capacity of current immunosuppressive drugs to target this process, may open an avenue to novel therapeutic options. Here, we sought to characterize regulation of human IL22 gene expression with focus on the established model of Jurkat T cells. Moreover, effects of the prototypic immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA) were investigated. We report that IL-22 induction by TPA/A23187 (T/A) or αCD3 is inhibited by CsA or related FK506. Similar data were obtained with peripheral blood mononuclear cells or purified CD3(+) T cells. IL22 promoter analysis (-1074 to +156 bp) revealed a role of an NF-AT (-95/-91 nt) and a CREB (-194/-190 nt) binding site for gene induction. Indeed, binding of CREB and NF-ATc2, but not c-Rel, under the influence of T/A to those elements could be proven by ChIP. Because CsA has the capability to impair IκB kinase (IKK) complex activation, the IKKα/β inhibitor IKKVII was evaluated. IKKVII likewise reduced IL-22 induction in Jurkat cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Interestingly, transfection of Jurkat cells with siRNA directed against IKKα impaired IL22 gene expression. Data presented suggest that NF-AT, CREB, and IKKα contribute to rapid IL22 gene induction. In particular the crucial role of NF-AT detected herein may form the basis of direct action of CsA on IL-22 expression by T cells, which may contribute to therapeutic efficacy of the drug in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Rudloff
- From the Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Malte Bachmann
- From the Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- From the Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Heiko Mühl
- From the Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/Zentrum für Arzneimittelforschung, Entwicklung und Sicherheit, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
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