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Cao C, Wang J, Guo T, Hu X, Li B, Wu C, Liu Z, Pan SW. Voluntary blood donation preferences in China: A discrete choice experiment among experienced and inexperienced donors. Vox Sang 2024; 119:428-438. [PMID: 38389330 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Due partly to an ageing population, China faces an increasingly dire blood shortage crisis requiring greater voluntary blood donations. A better understanding of blood donation preferences can inform blood donation policies and potentially increase donations. We used an online survey and discrete choice experiment to achieve our study objective: identify the most influential structural facilitators and barriers to voluntary blood donation in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, we identified six structural attributes (travel time, venue, donation volume, paid leave, scheduling and gifts) that were hypothesized to influence voluntary blood donation; attribute selection was based on a literature review and qualitative interviews. Second, a d-efficient design with 36 choice sets and 9 blocks was developed. Participants were asked to complete four choice sets, and in each choice set, they were asked to choose from three options: two voluntary blood donation scenarios and a 'Do not donate blood' option. Study participants were recruited through an online survey platform company in China. Voluntary blood donation preferences and preferences by blood donation history were estimated with random-parameter logit models and interaction terms. RESULTS In 2022, 1185 individuals enrolled in the study. Most participants had college education (92%). Generally, participants preferred longer paid leave, lower blood donation volumes and gifts after donation. Based on interaction analyses, experienced and inexperienced donors exhibited similar preferences. CONCLUSION Campaigns to increase voluntary blood donation rates in China should consider implementing paid leave after voluntary blood donation, lower blood donation volumes and small gifts conferred after donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqing Cao
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tianyu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinwen Hu
- Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Wisdom Lake Pharmacy Academy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Caixia Wu
- Department of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Department of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Stephen W Pan
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Public Health, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Edwards A, Masser B. "Okay, I respect this publicity stunt." A snapshot of public perceptions of an online game-based blood donation campaign. Transfusion 2024; 64:585-589. [PMID: 38501236 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With a decrease in young and first-time donors, applying gaming elements to blood donation may provide a novel means of encouraging young donors. In August 2023, the online game DiabloIV launched the Blood Harvest in which players were encouraged to donate blood products in the United States to receive virtual in-game rewards. Given the novelty of this independent initiative, our aim was to capture Diablov IV players opinions of the Blood Harvest through thematically analyzing their online discourse related to this blood donation campaign. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We captured publicly available Twitter/X posts (n = 78) and engagement (n = 390) relevant to the Blood Harvest posted during and immediately after the campaign (October 13, 2023-November 27, 2023). RESULTS Using thematic analysis, we identified 5 themes relating to the Blood Harvest campaign: (1) Positive perceptions and community motivations to donate, (2) Negative perceptions of the initiative and online game, (3) Players' inability to donate and participate in the initiative, (4) Incentives and incentive comparisons, and (5) Benefiting from positive associations focusing on the reputational gain that may be accessed through promoting blood donation. DISCUSSION Situating a donation campaign in an established video game provides a novel opportunity to engage young donors. Through capturing public data, we provide a unique snapshot of how an online gaming community perceives and reacts to an independently initiated game-integrated blood donation campaign. This highlights key strengths of the approach as well as identifying potential risks for blood collection agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Edwards
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Barbara Masser
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Wang Y, Zhai P, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Chen G, Li S. Gauging Incentive Values and Expectations (G.I.V.E.) among Blood Donors for Nonmonetary Incentives: Developing a Preference Elicitation Instrument through Qualitative Approaches in Shandong, China. THE PATIENT 2023; 16:593-606. [PMID: 37523066 DOI: 10.1007/s40271-023-00639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood donation rates remain suboptimal in China necessitating the reform of the current nonmonetary incentive system to motivate donors. This study aims to identify relevant attributes and levels for nonmonetary incentives in repeated blood donation and provide insights for the development of preference elicitation instruments. METHODS A qualitative research process was employed, including a literature review, in-depth interviews, attribute ranking, focus group discussions, and cognitive interviews, to identify potential nonmonetary incentives for blood donation. The identified attributes were then incorporated into a discrete choice experiment (DCE) study design. The comprehensibility and acceptability of the DCE questionnaire were assessed through cognitive interviews and a pilot study. RESULTS Five nonmonetary incentive attributes were identified, including health examination, designated blood recipient, honor for donation, travel time, and gifts. The designated recipient of blood donation emerged as the most important motivator for future donations among the participants. The cognitive interviews and pilot study provided valuable feedback for refining the DCE questionnaire and ensuring its reliability. CONCLUSION This study contributes to the understanding of nonmonetary incentives for blood donation and highlights the importance of designated blood recipients, health examination, honor for donation, travel time, and gifts as potential motivators. Moreover, it emphasizes the value of employing cognitive interviews and pilot studies in the development and refinement of DCE questionnaires, ultimately enhancing the reliability and validity of preference elicitation instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Center for Health Preference Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peicong Zhai
- Blood Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Center for Health Preference Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School & Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Gang Chen
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash Business School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shunping Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Center for Health Preference Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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4
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Wang Y, Zhai P, Jiang S, Li C, Li S. Blood Donors' Preferences Toward Incentives for Donation in China. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2318320. [PMID: 37314802 PMCID: PMC10267764 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.18320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Blood donation is critical for health care systems, but donor retention remains challenging. Understanding donors' preferences can inform incentive design and improve retention rates. Objective To identify donor preferences for incentive attributes and their relative importance in promoting blood donation among Chinese donors in Shandong. Design, Setting, and Participants This survey study fielded a discrete choice experiment (DCE) with a dual response design among blood donors, analyzing the responses under forced and unforced choice settings. The study took place from January 1 to April 30, 2022, in 3 cities (Yantai, Jinan, and Heze) representing diverse socioeconomic strata in Shandong, China. Eligible participants were blood donors aged 18 to 60 years who had donated within the preceding 12 months. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were analyzed from May to June 2022. Exposure Respondents were presented with different blood donation incentive profiles, varying in health examination, blood recipient, honor recognition, travel time, and gift value. Main Outcome and Measure Respondent preferences for nonmonetary incentive attributes, attribute relative importance, willingness-to-discard values for attribute improvement, and estimated uptake of new incentive profiles. Results A total of 650 donors were invited, of which 477 were included for analysis. The respondents were predominately male (308 respondents [64.6%]), aged 18 to 34 years (291 respondents [61.0%]), and had undergraduate degrees or higher (286 respondents [59.9%]). Among the 477 valid respondents, the mean (SD) age was 31.9 (11.2) years. Respondents preferred comprehensive health examination, family members as recipients, central government recognition, 30-minute travel time, and a gift valued at 60 Renminbi (RMB). No significant differences were found between the model results of forced and unforced choice setting. Blood recipient was the most important attribute, followed by health examination and gifts, and then honor and travel time. Respondents were willing to discard RMB 32 (95% CI, 18-46) for an improved health examination and RMB 69 (95% CI, 47-92) for changing the recipient from themselves to family members. Scenario analysis estimated 80.3% (SE, 0.024) of donors would endorse the new incentive profile if the recipient was changed from themselves to family members. Conclusions and Relevance In this survey study, blood recipient, health examination, and gift value were perceived more important as nonmonetary incentives than travel time and honor recognition. Tailoring incentives according to these preferences may improve donor retention. Further research could help refine and optimize incentive schemes for blood donation promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Center for Health Preference Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peicong Zhai
- Blood Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie Business School and Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chaofan Li
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Center for Health Preference Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shunping Li
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Center for Health Preference Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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5
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Patidar GK, Thachil J, Dhiman Y, Oreh A, Vrielink H, van den Berg K, Grubovic Rastvorceva RM, So-Osman C, Al-Riyami AZ. Management of blood transfusion services in low-resource countries. Vox Sang 2022; 117:1375-1383. [PMID: 36349461 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Enabling universal access to safe blood components should be a key component of every country's national healthcare strategy. This study aimed to assess the current status of infrastructure and resources of blood transfusion services (BTS) in low- and middle-income countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was designed to gather information on blood donations, components, redistribution, testing resources and quality management systems (QMSs). The survey was distributed to the International Society of Blood Transfusion members between October 2021 and November 2021. RESULTS A total of 54 respondents from 20 countries responded to the survey. This included hospital-based BTS/blood centres (46%), national blood centres (11%)and national and regional blood services (11%). Voluntary non-remunerated, replacement and paid donors accounted for 94.2%, 84.6% and 21.1% of donations, respectively. Apheresis donation was available in 59.6% of institutions. National/regional criteria for redistribution of blood components were reported by 75.9% of respondents. Blood components incurred payment charges in 81.5% of respondents' institutions, and payments were borne by patients in 50% of them. Testing methods, such as manual (83%), semi-automated (68%) or fully automated (36.2%), were used either alone or in combination. QMSs were reported in 17 institutions, while accreditation and haemovigilance were reported in 12 and 8 countries, respectively. CONCLUSION QMS was implemented in most of the countries despite the common use of paid donations and the lack of advanced testing. Efforts to overcome persistent challenges and wider implementation of patient blood management programmes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal K Patidar
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jecko Thachil
- Department of Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - Yashaswi Dhiman
- Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Adaeze Oreh
- Department of Planning, Research and Statistics, National Blood Service Commission, Abuja, Nigeria.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Vrielink
- Department of Transfusion medicine, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin van den Berg
- Translational Research Department, Medical Division, South African National Blood Service, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.,Medical Division, South African National Blood Service, Roodepoort, South Africa.,Division of Clinical Haematology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Clinical Haematology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Rada M Grubovic Rastvorceva
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine of RNM, Skopje, North Macedonia.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev Stip, Macedonia, North Macedonia
| | - Cynthia So-Osman
- Department of Transfusion medicine, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Departmentof Haematology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arwa Z Al-Riyami
- Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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6
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Chell K, Masser B, Davison TE, Ferguson E. A typology of strategies that recognize, reward, and incentivize blood donation. Transfusion 2022; 62:2077-2085. [PMID: 35924917 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood collection agencies (BCAs) worldwide are continuously looking to improve recognition, reward, and incentive (RRI) policies to optimize the recruitment and retention of blood donors. However, given the inconsistent categorization and variety of strategies available, there is a need for a theoretically informed and empirically supported framework to guide RRI research and policy development. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Survey data from 1028 voluntary nonremunerated whole blood and plasma donors in Australia was used to validate a theorized RRI typology based on distinctions between the level of congruency with the act of donating blood (congruent vs. incongruent), visibility of acknowledgment (public vs. private), benefits provided (self vs. other), and likely reinforcement schedule (fixed vs. variable). RESULTS A six-factor solution met all statistical criteria and was most consistent with a priori theoretical underpinnings. The factors were labeled (i) deal promotion, (ii) loyalty program, (iii) BCA token, (iv) health check, (v) charity donation, and (vi) travel compensation. DISCUSSION This typology provides researchers with a standardized theoretical and conceptual framework to organize and synthesize findings from the existing literature and help BCAs develop RRI policies that are likely to be successful. We present a future research agenda across and within the RRI strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Chell
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara Masser
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tanya E Davison
- Monash Art, Design and Architecture, Monash University, Caulfield East, Victoria, Australia.,Research discovery, Silver Chain, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eamonn Ferguson
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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7
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France CR, France JL, Himawan LK. What would it take to convince you to donate? A survey study of the relationship between motivators, barriers, and payment for whole blood, plasma, and platelet donation. Transfusion 2022; 62:1251-1260. [PMID: 35467768 PMCID: PMC9322277 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background With growing discussion about blood donor remuneration, the present study examined the level of payment that may be required to convince individuals to engage in whole blood, plasma, and platelet donations. Study Design and Methods Anonymous online surveys were completed by a college sample [n = 490; 76.9% female; Mean Age = 20.3 (SD = 4.9) years; 32.9% whole blood donors] and a ResearchMatch sample [n = 323; 70.6% female; Mean Age = 50.7 (SD = 16.6) years; 82.7% whole blood donors]. Level of payment needed to motivate whole blood, plasma, and platelet donation was examined as a function of donation history, sample, and gender. In addition, path analyses examined associations between donation motivators, barriers, and payment level. Results Across all types of donation, history of whole blood donation was related to a greater willingness to donate without payment. At the same time, however, sizeable portions of prior donors indicated that monetary payment would convince them to donate whole blood (24%), plasma (51%), or platelets (57%). Across all types of donation, donation‐related barriers (i.e., anxiety, fear) were indirectly related to higher payment levels via lower self‐efficacy and more negative donation attitudes. Donation‐related motivators (i.e., warm glow, regret, and altruism) were indirectly related to lower payment levels via higher self‐efficacy and more positive donation attitudes. Conclusion Despite reporting a strong commitment to nonremunerated blood donation, many respondents with and without a history of blood donation indicated that money would convince them to engage in whole blood, plasma, and platelet donation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janis L France
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Lina K Himawan
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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8
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Syed W, Alsadoun A, Bashatah AS, Al-Rawi MBA, Siddiqui N. Assessment of the knowledge beliefs and associated factors among Saudi adults towards blood donation in Saudi Arabia. Hematology 2022; 27:412-419. [PMID: 35413216 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2026026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood transfusion is essential in the treatment of a wide range of illnesses. There are two sorts of donors in the blood donation system voluntary and replacement donors. OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined Saudi adults' knowledge, beliefs, and associated factors towards blood donation in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted over three months between November 2019 & January 2020 among the general public, using structured self-administered 18-items online questionnaires. A descriptive analysis was performed, a chi-square test was conducted to determine the relationships between the variables. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 364 respondents (93.1%) believed that blood donation is an important responsibility of every individual. When asked about the reason for previous donations 261(66.8%) said voluntary while approximately 130 (33.2%) donated for their families and friends. Fear of needles 91 (23.3%), fear of infection 53 (13.6%) a lack of time 88 (22.5%) were common barriers, and 270 (69.1%) agreed that token gifts should be given to donors. In this study, 71.1% (n = 278) were found to have good knowledge, and 96.7% (n = 378) found positive beliefs towards blood donation. The knowledge is significantly associated with being a male gender (p < 0.049), and the educational level of the participants (p < 0.003). positive beliefs were significantly associated with young donors (p < 0.045). CONCLUSION These outcomes indicate that the Saudi public has positive beliefs and acceptable knowledge about blood donation and its importance in the society and health care system. Furthermore, educational programs should be done to increase the level of awareness about blood donation and its significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Syed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsadoun
- Department of Medical Surgical College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel S Bashatah
- Department of Nursing Administration & Education, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Basil A Al-Rawi
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasir Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Li Z, Lei S, Li X, Zhao Y, Dai Y, Jin S, Fu Q, Cai X, Lin Z, Tu X. Blood Donation Fear, Perceived Rewards, Self-Efficacy, and Intention to Return Among Whole Blood Donors in China: A Social Cognitive Perspective. Front Psychol 2021; 12:683709. [PMID: 34880801 PMCID: PMC8645584 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.683709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing demand from aging population and seasonal blood shortage, recruiting and retaining blood donors has become an urgent issue for the blood collection centers in China. This study aims to understand intention to donate again from a social cognitive perspective among whole blood donors in China through investigating the association between the blood donation fear, perceived rewards, self-efficacy, and intention to return. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in six cities, which are geographically and socioeconomically distinct areas in Jiangsu, China. Respondents completed a self-administrated questionnaire interviewed by two well-trained medical students. A total of 191 blood donors were included in the current study. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and a generalized linear regression model were used to explore the association between demographic characteristics, psychological factors, and intention to donate again. After controlling other covariates, donors with higher fear scores reported lower intention to return (p = 0.008). Association between self-efficacy and intention to return was statistically significant (p < 0.001), whereas the association between intrinsic rewards (p = 0.387), extrinsic rewards (p = 0.939), and intention to return were statistically insignificant. This study found that either intrinsic rewards or extrinsic rewards are not significantly associated with intention to donate again among whole blood donors in China, and fear is negatively associated with intention to donate again. Therefore, purposive strategies could be enacted beyond appeals to rewards and focus on the management of donors’ fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Li
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Healthy Jiangsu Development, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuge Lei
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Yilun Zhao
- Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Yudong Dai
- Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengxuan Jin
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Xubing Cai
- Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenping Lin
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Tu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Zakarevičiūtė B, Juodžentė D, Karvelienė B, Riškevičienė V. Awareness, Motivation, and Fear towards Canine Blood Donation-A Survey of Dog Owners in Lithuania. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113229. [PMID: 34827961 PMCID: PMC8614293 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Canine blood transfusions and blood donations are integral to veterinary medicine. Currently, the supply of canine blood products is not meeting the demand, and veterinarians find it difficult to recruit blood donors, especially when animal welfare is a priority. The general aim of our study was to determine how to improve the effectiveness of canine blood donor recruitment. To do this, we conducted a survey to identify the level of dog owners’ awareness about canine blood donation and to help us understand what would motivate people to become a part of the donation process as well as what people are afraid of. The results of our study suggest that donor recruitment could be increased by dispelling the myths about possible complications and by improving communication between veterinary doctors and dog owners, as the awareness of canine blood donation is poor. In conclusion, recruitment strategies should focus on the management of fear regarding canine blood donation, as well as animal welfare and the education of clients, as motivational strategies come second. Abstract The recruitment of canine blood donors remains a challenge, especially in countries where blood donation and veterinary medicine are still emerging medical fields. There are few previous studies that have discussed canine blood donation strategies, and the subject of fear and its influencing factors have not been investigated. The main purpose of our study was to investigate dog owners’ awareness, motivation, and fear regarding canine blood donation in order to improve donor recruitment strategies. We created a six-page questionnaire and submitted it to dog owners (n = 207) in person. Two-thirds of the respondents (65.7%) were not aware that canine blood donation exists in Lithuania. We did not find any factors that would significantly affect the motivation of respondents toward donation. We found an association between the fear of the owner and the health status of the owned dog (p = 0.008), as well as if their animal had needed urgent care in the past (p = 0.031). The fact that some participants were blood donors themselves did not affect their motivation, but they were 19.76% less afraid of canine blood donation (p = 0.001), as were respondents who were aware of canine blood donation (p = 0.004). In conclusion, the recruitment strategy should focus on the management of fear toward canine blood donation and the education of clients, and donor welfare must remain a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Zakarevičiūtė
- Dr. L. Kriaučeliūnas Small Animals Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.J.); (B.K.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Dalia Juodžentė
- Dr. L. Kriaučeliūnas Small Animals Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.J.); (B.K.)
| | - Birutė Karvelienė
- Dr. L. Kriaučeliūnas Small Animals Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.J.); (B.K.)
| | - Vita Riškevičienė
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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11
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Sereti C, Apostolidou I, Baka M, Koutsoubos N, Seretis A, Theodoratou M. Incentives and limitations of Greek blood donors: Application of the Health Belief Model in the design of recruiting strategies. Health Psychol Res 2021; 9:24533. [PMID: 34746483 DOI: 10.52965/001c.24533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of the behavior of blood donors suggest that the examination of their incentives and reported barriers could be utilized in designing targeted recruiting strategies and awareness-raising campaigns. Methodology Data was collected via a questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), aimed to examine reported incentives, limitations, benefits, and self-efficacy of 261 blood donors at Thriasio General Hospital from January 1 to March 1, 2020, after required permission provided. The analysis was performed by the use of the SPSS statistical software. In addition, a Greek translation of the K6+ distress scale was provided. Results Our sample consisted of 261 blood donors, the majority of which were men (88.5%), 40-50 years old (36.4%), high school graduates (49.4%), and married (53.3%). Heightened awareness of increased blood needs and blood shortages was mentioned. 92.8% of respondents believe that blood donation is an act of contribution to society or beneficial for their health (86.6%). The limited working hours of blood donation services are the main obstacle mentioned by the participants (32.8%), while 80.7% emphasized the need for public information campaigns. Based on the K6 scale answers score, most participants are classified in the intermediate-risk category for Serious Mental Illness (SMI). Conclusion The study of beliefs and incentives of blood donors is a critical factor in developing an effective recruiting strategy in a volunteering frame. Public information campaigns regarding the blood donation process and reminders aiming at the return of blood donors after the necessary time interval could facilitate this effort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Baka
- Thriasio General Hospital of Elefsis, Attica, Greece
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YALMAN F, KARAGÖZ Y. Kan Bağışını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma. DÜZCE ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI ENSTITÜSÜ DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.33631/duzcesbed.838830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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Watkins T. Recruitment of Blood Donors. Transfus Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119599586.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Sayers MH. Paid donors: a contradiction in terms and contraindicated in practice. Transfusion 2020; 60 Suppl 3:S138-S141. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merlyn H. Sayers
- Carter BloodCare Bedford Texas
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas
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15
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Van Dyke N, Chell K, Masser B, Kruse SP, Gemelli CN, Jensen K, Davison TE. Thank you for donating: a survey of Australian donors' and nondonors' orientations toward noncash incentives for blood donation. Transfusion 2020; 60:1454-1462. [PMID: 32339296 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to understand Australian donors' and nondonors' orientations toward 13 noncash incentives for blood and plasma donation and the associations between orientations and intention to donate (nondonors) and subsequent donation (donors). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A survey of 1028 donors and 1201 nondonors was conducted online and by telephone. Donors were randomly selected from the Australian Red Cross Lifeblood donor panel; nondonors were selected from randomly generated fixed line and mobile telephone numbers across Australia. Incentives were chosen to reflect a wide array of possible noncash incentives that might be introduced by blood donation organizations (BDOs). Differences between donors and nondonors, as well as other subgroups, were investigated. RESULTS Orientations toward most types of incentives were positive or neutral. No significant differences were observed between incentive orientations for whole blood versus plasma donations. Many subgroup differences were small but statistically significant. There were mostly small, positive, significant associations between nondonors' intention to donate and orientations toward noncash incentives; there were mostly no significant associations between donors' orientations and subsequent donation behaviors. CONCLUSION The findings from this study suggest that BDOs that wish to trial noncash incentives in voluntary nonremunerative systems can be confident that neither donors nor potential donors will react negatively. They also indicate that BDOs have some flexibility in deciding which incentives to trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Van Dyke
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathleen Chell
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara Masser
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah P Kruse
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carley N Gemelli
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kyle Jensen
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tanya E Davison
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kokcu AT. Quality of the blood donation campaign in the military: A sample from Turkey. Transfus Clin Biol 2019; 27:30-35. [PMID: 30679028 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, the conformity of blood donation services performed by Turkish Red Crescent Mobile Medical Team in a Basic Military Training Centre to quality standards was researched and the results were discussed by taking the principles of biomedical ethics into consideration. MATERIALS AND METHODS This descriptive study was conducted at the Basic Military Training Centre, Canakkale, Turkey. In total, 269 voluntary non-remunerated blood donors who made blood donation between 10 and 12 August 2015 formed the population of the study. All of the donors were recruits who had joined the army to carry out their military service. A questionnaire for assessing the quality of the blood donation services was administered to the participants after the blood donation. SPSS 15.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS In the study, 232 voluntary non-remunerated blood donors were reached with a response rate of 86.2%. It was seen that the phlebotomists in the mobile medical team followed the quality standards in the blood donation process with the rate of 91.8% to 100%. However, outstanding omissions were found in informing the donors about blood donation process. CONCLUSION In blood donation campaigns conducted in the institutions such as military units, the quality standards developed in line with the principles of biomedical ethics should not be neglected citing some reasons such as excessive numbers of donors, time limitations and organisational deficiencies. Increasing the quality in blood donation services will increase both donor satisfaction and their motivation to donate blood again in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Tunga Kokcu
- Primary Health Care Centre, Gendarmerie Training Battalion Command, Canakkale 17600, Turkey; Primary Health Care Centre, Gendarmerie and Coast Guard Academy, Ankara 06805, Turkey.
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Song B, Wen TJ. Integrating Incidental and Integral Emotions in Non-Profit Communications: An Experiment of Blood Donation Message. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1553118x.2018.1524381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baobao Song
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Taylor Jing Wen
- College of Information and Communications, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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18
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Sadler A, Shi L, Bethge S, Mühlbacher A. Incentives for Blood Donation: A Discrete Choice Experiment to Analyze Extrinsic Motivation. Transfus Med Hemother 2018; 45:116-124. [PMID: 29765295 DOI: 10.1159/000481142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Demographic trends affect size and age structure of populations. One of the consequences will be an increasing need for blood products to treat age-related diseases. Donation services rely on voluntariness and charitable motivation. It might be questioned whether there will be sufficient blood supply with voluntary donation. The present study focused on elicitation of preferences for incentives and aimed to contribute to the discussion on how to increase donation rates. Methods: A self-administered discrete choice experiment (DCE) was applied. Respondents were repeatedly asked to choose between hypothetical blood donation centers. In case of reluctance to receiving incentives a none-option was included. Random parameter logit (RPL) and latent class models (LCM) were used for analysis. Results: The study sample included 416 college students from the US and Germany. Choice decisions were significantly influenced by the characteristics of the donation center in the DCE. Incentives most preferred were monetary compensation, paid leave, and blood screening test. LCM identified subgroups with preference heterogeneity. Small subgroups indicated moderate to strong aversion to incentives. Conclusion: The majority of the sample positively responded to incentives and indicated a willingness to accept incentives. In face of future challenges, the judicious use and appropriate utilization of incentives might be an option to motivate potential donors and should be open to discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sadler
- Gesundheitsökonomie und Medizinmanagement, Hochschule Neubrandenburg, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Ling Shi
- Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susanne Bethge
- Gesundheitsökonomie und Medizinmanagement, Hochschule Neubrandenburg, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Axel Mühlbacher
- Gesundheitsökonomie und Medizinmanagement, Hochschule Neubrandenburg, Neubrandenburg, Germany
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19
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Carver A, Chell K, Davison TE, Masser BM. What motivates men to donate blood? A systematic review of the evidence. Vox Sang 2017; 113:205-219. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Carver
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research; Australian Catholic University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - K. Chell
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - T. E. Davison
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - B. M. Masser
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- The University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld Australia
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20
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Chell K, Davison TE, Masser B, Jensen K. A systematic review of incentives in blood donation. Transfusion 2017; 58:242-254. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Chell
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Kelvin Grove QLD Australia
| | - Tanya E. Davison
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; St Kilda VIC Australia
| | - Barbara Masser
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Kelvin Grove QLD Australia
- School of Psychology; McElwain Building, The University of Queensland; St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Kyle Jensen
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; St Kilda VIC Australia
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21
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Denomme GA, Anani WQ, Avent ND, Bein G, Briggs LB, Lapadat RC, Montemayor C, Rios M, St-Louis M, Uhl L, Wendel S, Flegel WA. Red cell genotyping precision medicine: a conference summary. Ther Adv Hematol 2017; 8:277-291. [PMID: 29051799 DOI: 10.1177/2040620717729128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the salient points of the symposium 'Red Cell Genotyping 2015: Precision Medicine' held on 10 September 2015 in the Masur Auditorium of the National Institutes of Health. The specific aims of this 6th annual symposium were to: (1) discuss how advances in molecular immunohematology are changing patient care; (2) exemplify patient care strategies by case reports (clinical vignettes); (3) review the basic molecular studies and their current implications in clinical practice; (4) identify red cell genotyping strategies to prevent alloimmunization; and (5) compare and contrast future options of red cell genotyping in precision transfusion medicine. This symposium summary captured the state of the art of red cell genotyping and its contribution to the practice of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Denomme
- Diagnostic Laboratories, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, 638 N 18th Street, PO Box 2178, Milwaukee, WI 53201-2178, USA
| | - Waseem Q Anani
- Medical Sciences Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Lynne B Briggs
- Information Services Versiti/BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Razvan C Lapadat
- Medical Sciences Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Celina Montemayor
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Rios
- Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER/FDA, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Lynne Uhl
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Willy A Flegel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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22
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Hu H, Wang T, Fu Q. Psychological factors related to donation behaviour among Chinese adults: results from a longitudinal investigation. Transfus Med 2017; 27 Suppl 5:335-341. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Hu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Chengdu PR China
| | - T. Wang
- Office of Records; Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center; Nanjing PR China
| | - Q. Fu
- Office of Records; Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center; Nanjing PR China
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23
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Sundermann LM, de Kort WL, Boenigk S. The ‘Donor of the Future Project’ - first results and further research domains. Vox Sang 2017; 112:191-200. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Sundermann
- University of Hamburg/German Red Cross Blood Service North-East Research Cooperation; Hamburg Germany
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Abstract
How can healthcare systems gain self-sufficiency in their procurement and distribution of blood and blood products efficiently while maintaining a degree of relatively equitable access for patients? This is a question that, at first look, the World Health Organization (WHO) has answered in detail by advocating for self-sufficiency through non-remunerated blood donation. This essay serves two purposes. First, it illustrates key differences between the WHO's policy recommendations and the realities of healthcare. For example, it can be readily demonstrated that the WHO has no empirical foundation for their claim that blood and blood products from unpaid donors is safer or more efficient than other, more commercial, avenues of procurement. Indeed, the WHO appears to take an ideological stand against compensation for blood products, which the empirical data does not support. Whether donation for blood and blood products should be compensated is a pressing ethical issue of practical import, especially if it can be shown that more market-oriented procedures leads to greater self-sufficiency, as well as safer and easier access to blood products than other alternatives. Such policy decisions should be based on the best available empirical data and ethical argumentation, rather than on political ideological grounds. Second, this essay serves as an Introduction to a special thematic issue of HEC Forum, which aims critically to explore ethical arguments in light of the best available empirical data so as to orient the blood industry towards more efficient and effective, and morally honest, procurement procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Stacey Taylor
- Department of Philosophy, The College of New Jersey, P.O. Box 7718, 2000 Pennington Rd., Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA.
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25
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Largent E. For love and money: the need to rethink benefits in HIV cure studies. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2017; 43:96-99. [PMID: 27193021 PMCID: PMC5293850 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2015-103119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
HIV cure research holds great potential to eradicate HIV, but the benefit to early trial participants is likely to be small. Moreover, participation carries unknown and possibly significant risks to research participants. This is the risk:benefit ratio challenge of HIV cure research. Although it may be consensual and rational for individuals to participate in HIV cure research that requires a degree of self-sacrifice, I argue that altruistic research participants can be exploited when the benefits to them are unfair. Transactions of this kind should not be prohibited, as that would be unacceptably paternalistic and thwart socially valuable research. Nevertheless, we should not simply accept these transactions but must work to reduce or eliminate exploitation by enhancing the benefits so that research participants are better off by their own lights. Offering payment in HIV cure research is the optimal way to enhance benefits to research participants and to make the risk:benefit ratio more favourable. I argue for a payment-as-benefit model against the standard view, assumed in ethics and policy, that offers of payment are not legitimate benefits.
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Raghuwanshi B, Pehlajani NK, Sinha MK. Voluntary Blood Donation among Students - A Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge and Practice vs. Attitude. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:EC18-EC22. [PMID: 27891345 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/21957.8733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The factors influencing blood donation decisions are varied and complex and one's attitude can influence this decision. AIM To find the factors affecting the knowledge and practice of blood donation among college students and their attitude towards the same. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 399 college going students using convenience sampling from medical, nursing and engineering colleges in Bhubaneswar city, where blood donation camps were to be held. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires and, analysed in SPSS Version 20.0. RESULTS Knowledge regarding blood donation was adequate among 228 (57.1%) of the students and, 221 (55.4%) students had donated blood. Knowledge was significantly better among female students, medical stream and in those whose parents were in non-medical jobs; whereas blood donation had been done significantly more by male, non-medical stream students and by those whose parents were in medical field. Most common reason for donating blood was a sense of social responsibility and most common reason of non-donation was fear of the procedure. An 85% of the students were of the view that they would donate blood if asked. Students suggested that small incentives like certificates and arranging transport for blood donation would make it easier to donate. CONCLUSION Just over half of the students had adequate knowledge about blood donation and similar percentage had donated blood. There is this large pool of safe blood in college going students who are willing, but not tapped as source of blood donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Raghuwanshi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank, AIIMS , Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nand K Pehlajani
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, L.N. Medical College , Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mithilesh K Sinha
- Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, AIIMS , Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Recruitment of Blood Donors. Transfus Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119236504.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hao J, McAvoy J, Wickberg L, Kerrigan C, Kreiger L, Sikavi C, Swift D, Frenette C, Carney J, Fung MK. Is blood donation an opportunity for hypertension awareness? Transfus Med 2016; 26:89-98. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Hao
- College of Medicine; University of Vermont
| | - J. McAvoy
- College of Medicine; University of Vermont
| | | | | | - L. Kreiger
- College of Medicine; University of Vermont
| | - C. Sikavi
- College of Medicine; University of Vermont
| | - D. Swift
- College of Medicine; University of Vermont
| | - C. Frenette
- Northern New England Region; American Red Cross Blood Services
| | - J. Carney
- College of Medicine; University of Vermont
| | - M. K. Fung
- College of Medicine; University of Vermont
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How Can We Improve Retention of the First-Time Donor? A Systematic Review of the Current Evidence. Transfus Med Rev 2016; 30:81-91. [PMID: 26971186 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood products are critical to health systems and donations by voluntary nonremunerated donors are recommended. Worldwide, however, only around 5% of those eligible to donate do so and around half of those never return to donate again. This review focuses on what deters first-time donors, what predicts their retention, and what interventions may promote retention of this group. A comprehensive search of relevant databases identified 9 studies investigating motives and deterrents of first-time donors, 14 studies investigating predictors for first-time donors (13 whole blood [WB] and 2 plasmapheresis), and 15 studies (in 14 published articles) detailing interventions conducted on first-time donors. Drawing on an established blood donation taxonomy, studies were classified by 2 independent raters. Interventions were also classified into traditional, behavioral, or social science interventions. With only 2 eligible studies among first-time plasmapheresis donors, analyses focused on WB donors. First-time WB donors reported benevolent and collectivistic motivations, as well as personal benefits to commence WB donation. Self-reported deterrents have typically not been examined. Intention predicted first-time donor retention with intention determined by attitudes and a sense of (perceived behavioral) control. However, anxiety, adverse events, and deferrals all deterred retention. Traditional interventions, such as reminders and incentives, are widespread yet had only a small effect on return of first-time donors. Although behavioral science interventions such as fluid loading are effective, the strongest effect for the return of first-time donors was found when individual psychological support was provided. The purpose of this analysis was to identify the factors associated with the commencement and continuation of first WB donations. The current review revealed that self-reported motivators are typically not effective, and most successful predictive factors identified have not been translated into interventions. Future work would do well to identify, manage, and meet donors' expectations along with developing more individualized donation experiences. Blood donor research should delineate donor career stages; addressing first-time donor retention will support stable panels for blood collection agencies.
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Bilal M, Haseeb A, Zahid I, Lashkerwala SS, Saeeduddin F, Saad M, Arshad MH, Moorpani M, Khan MZ, Tariq A, Habib H, Islam T, Advani R. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions among non blood donor female health care professionals. Glob J Health Sci 2015; 8:203-11. [PMID: 26573048 PMCID: PMC4873577 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n4p203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Blood donation is necessary in order to maintain an adequate supply of blood to patients who are suffering from any kind of disease or trauma, which requires them to have blood transfusion. Female non-blood donors are generally low in number. Therefore, this research was carried out to assess the main reasons behind the lack of blood donations made by females, and their knowledge, attitude and perceptions towards voluntary blood donation. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 664 female health professionals, who were selected by non-probability convenience sampling from two tertiary care hospitals. A pretested questionnaire was presented to the sample population, and the data was entered and analyzed on SPSS (V17). Results: 94.6 % were aware with the fact that blood is screened for AIDS, Hepatitis B and C before transfusion. Moreover, 83.7% said that they will only donate blood if a family, relative or friend would need it and similarly 83.4% suggested that they would donate blood if blood donation camps are arranged in hospital premises. 81.8 % thought that blood donors can contract Hepatitis B after donation whereas only 29.5% did not blood due already blood loss in menstrual cycle. Conclusion: The participants had adequate knowledge about the benefits of blood donation. The most important reason identified for not donating blood is the lack of facilities within the workplace or lack of approach by responsible authorities. The results of the study may help in minimizing the misconceptions of the participants about blood transfusion, which would increase their contribution towards blood donation.
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Bruhin A, Goette L, Roethlisberger A, Markovic A, Buchli R, Frey BM. Call of duty: the effects of phone calls on blood donor motivation. Transfusion 2015; 55:2645-52. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Bruhin
- Faculty of Business and Economics (HEC Lausanne); University of Lausanne; Lausanne-Dorigny Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Goette
- Faculty of Business and Economics (HEC Lausanne); University of Lausanne; Lausanne-Dorigny Switzerland
| | | | | | - Regula Buchli
- Blood Transfusion Service; Swiss Red Cross; Schlieren Switzerland
| | - Beat M. Frey
- Blood Transfusion Service; Swiss Red Cross; Schlieren Switzerland
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Alfouzan N. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Motivations towards Blood Donation among King Abdulaziz Medical City Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FAMILY MEDICINE 2014; 2014:539670. [PMID: 25431668 PMCID: PMC4238271 DOI: 10.1155/2014/539670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Background. Blood donation is remarkably safe medical procedure. However, attitudes, beliefs, and level of knowledge may affect it. Objectives. To measure the level of knowledge regarding blood donation, find out positive and negative attitudes, identify the obstacles, and suggest some motivational factors. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC). Participants were selected by convenient nonrandom sampling technique. A self-created questionnaire was used for data collection. Results. The study included 349 individuals. About 45.8% of the participants claimed that they have a history of blood donation. Reported causes for not donating blood were blood donation not crossing their mind (52.4%), no time for donation (45%), and difficulty in accessing blood donation center (41.3%). Reported motivating factors for donating blood were one day off (81.4%), mobile blood donation caravans in public areas (79.1%), token gifts (31.5%), and finally paying money (18.9%). Conclusion. People in the age group 31-50 years, males, higher education and military were more likely to donate blood as well as People who showed higher knowledge level and positive attitude towards blood donation. More educational programs to increase the awareness in specific targeted populations and also to focus on some motivational factors are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najd Alfouzan
- Family Medicine Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
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Masser B, Bagot K. Understanding the current and future contribution of psychology to blood donor recruitment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Masser
- School of Psychology; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld Australia
| | - K. Bagot
- School of Psychology; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld Australia
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Baig M, Habib H, H Haji A, T Alsharief F, M Noor A, G Makki R. Knowledge, Misconceptions and Motivations Towards Blood Donation Among University Students in KSA. Pak J Med Sci 2014; 29:1295-9. [PMID: 24550940 PMCID: PMC3905364 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.296.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the knowledge, misconceptions and motivations towards blood donation among university students in KSA. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at the King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh campus, Jeddah, KSA. A total of 326 adult males were interviewed and each individual completed a questionnaire in Arabic language on various aspects of blood donation. Data was analyzed using SPSS-16. Results: Out of 326 individuals, 264 (80.98%) were non donors and 62 (19.02%) were donors, 13% donated once, 5% donated twice and 1% donating regularly. Regarding the knowledge part of the questionnaire many of the respondents did not have the basic knowledge and the two common sources of information for blood donation were friends (53%), and TV (24%). The major motivations for donors were to help family or friend (30%), saving others lives (28%), religious reasons (20%) and altruism (12%). Among the respondents the most prevalent misconception was contracting infection like HIV or Hepatitis B&C (26%). Conclusion: The knowledge of blood donation is not up to the mark and many misconceptions exist among young Saudi University students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtiar Baig
- Mukhtiar Baig, PhD, Professor in Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed Habib
- Hamed Habib, FRCP, Dean Faculty of Medicine Rabigh, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah H Haji
- Abdullah H. Haji, Fourth year Students, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal T Alsharief
- Faisal T. Alsharief, Fourth year Students, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah M Noor
- Abdulelah M. Noor, Fourth year Students, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh G Makki
- Riyadh G. Makki, Fourth year Students, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abderrahman BH, Saleh MY. Investigating Knowledge and Attitudes of Blood Donors and Barriers Concerning Blood Donation in Jordan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Lacetera
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E9, Canada
- University of Toronto, Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Mario Macis
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Robert Slonim
- Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn, 53113, Germany
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Evans R, Ferguson E. Defining and measuring blood donor altruism: a theoretical approach from biology, economics and psychology. Vox Sang 2013; 106:118-26. [PMID: 24117697 PMCID: PMC4171832 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES While blood donation is traditionally described as a behaviour motivated by pure altruism, the assessment of altruism in the blood donation literature has not been theoretically informed. Drawing on theories of altruism from psychology, economics and evolutionary biology, it is argued that a theoretically derived psychometric assessment of altruism is needed. Such a measure is developed in this study that can be used to help inform both our understanding of the altruistic motives of blood donors and recruitment intervention strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey (N = 414), with a 1-month behavioural follow-up (time 2, N = 77), was designed to assess theoretically derived constructs from psychological, economic and evolutionary biological theories of altruism. Theory of planned behaviour (TPB) variables and co-operation were also assessed at time 1 and a measure of behavioural co-operation at time 2. RESULTS Five theoretical dimensions (impure altruism, kinship, self-regarding motives, reluctant altruism and egalitarian warm glow) of altruism were identified through factor analyses. These five altruistic motives differentiated blood donors from non-donors (donors scored higher on impure altruism and reluctant altruism), showed incremental validity over TPB constructs to predict donor intention and predicted future co-operative behaviour. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that altruism in the context of blood donation is multifaceted and complex and, does not reflect pure altruism. This has implication for recruitment campaigns that focus solely on pure altruism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Evans
- Personality Social Psychology and Health (PSPH) Group, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Bambrick H, Gallego G. Community attitudes to remunerated blood donation in Australia: results from a national telephone survey. Transfus Med 2013; 23:302-8. [PMID: 23869983 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood in Australia is sourced through voluntary, non-remunerated donations. With periodic shortages in supply, increasing demand for blood products and a donor base that is perceived to be unsustainable, remuneration has been proposed as a means to improve donation rates. OBJECTIVE To examine community attitudes to remunerated blood donation in Australia. METHOD A national random telephone survey of Australian adults age 18-70 was conducted (n = 1024). Associations were tested using a chi-square (χ(2)) test for linear distribution. RESULTS Reimbursement for the cost of travel to donate blood was supported by more respondents (46%) than reimbursement for time (19%). Non-donors were more likely to support a payment compared to donors (P = 0.002). Twelve per cent of respondents thought they would be more likely to donate if remunerated while 10% thought they would be less likely. The majority (76%) thought that a payment would not change whether or not they would donate, while 85% thought that it would make other people more likely to donate. The average amount considered to be reasonable reimbursement was AU$30. CONCLUSION Despite the common perception that other people would be motivated to donate blood with the introduction of a financial incentive, remuneration may provide minimal incentive in Australia and is unlikely to increase donor participation for the time being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Bambrick
- Centre for Health Research, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University
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39
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Lacetera N, Macis M, Slonim R. Public health. Economic rewards to motivate blood donations. Science 2013; 340:927-8. [PMID: 23704557 DOI: 10.1126/science.1232280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Lacetera
- University of Toronto and University of Toronto-Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
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40
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Sass RG. Toward a more stable blood supply: charitable incentives, donation rates, and the experience of September 11. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2013; 13:38-45. [PMID: 23641850 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2013.781703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although excess blood collection has characterized U.S. national disasters, most dramatically in the case of September 11, periodic shortages of blood have recurred for decades. In response, I propose a new model of medical philanthropy, one that specifically uses charitable contributions to health care as blood donation incentives. I explain how the surge in blood donations following 9/11 was both transient and disaster-specific, failing to foster a greater continuing commitment to donate blood. This underscores the importance of considering blood donation incentives. I defend charitable incentives as an alternative to financial incentives, which I contend would further extend neoliberal market values into health care. I explain my model's potential appeal to private foundations or public-private partnerships as a means for expanding both the pool of blood donors and the prosocial benefit of each act of blood donation. Finally I link my analysis to the empirical literature on blood donation incentives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben G Sass
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106, USA.
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41
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Martín-Santana JD, Beerli-Palacio A. Intention of future donations: a study of donors versus non-donors. Transfus Med 2012; 23:77-86. [PMID: 23278937 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent years have seen the level of blood donation at a world level come to a standstill or even decline. This situation requires blood donation services to make efforts to increase donor recruitment and retention, as well as to increase the frequency of donations among current donors. In order to obtain good results, it is essential to understand the factors that affect intention to donate. OBJECTIVES To determine the explanatory power of a set of factors on intention to donate blood, as well as evaluating the ability of current donors to motivate others. METHODS/MATERIALS A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 1015 Spanish individuals. RESULTS Results indicate that (i) motivations and hindering factors have the greatest explanatory power on intention to donate, (ii) experience as a donor is the most explanatory factor on future intention and (iii) there are significant behavioural and sociodemographic differences between donors and non-donors. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that it is necessary (i) to enhance the donor retention for maintaining the donation system using a personal and frequent communication with donors not only to remind them to schedule their next donation, but also to attract more donors; (ii) to recapture temporarily deferred donors, as they are less reluctant towards donation; (iii) to describe in detail how donation affects donors and clarify the importance of donation for society and (iv) to develop member get member programs in which current donors act as motivators amongst friends, coworkers and family.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Martín-Santana
- Departamento de Economía y Dirección de Empresas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Kleinman S, King MR, Busch MP, Murphy EL, Glynn SA. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute retrovirus epidemiology donor studies (Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study and Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study-II): twenty years of research to advance blood product safety and availability. Transfus Med Rev 2012; 26:281-304, 304.e1-2. [PMID: 22633182 PMCID: PMC3448800 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS), conducted from 1989 to 2001, and the REDS-II, conducted from 2004 to 2012, were National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-funded, multicenter programs focused on improving blood safety and availability in the United States. The REDS-II also included international study sites in Brazil and China. The 3 major research domains of REDS/REDS-II have been infectious disease risk evaluation, blood donation availability, and blood donor characterization. Both programs have made significant contributions to transfusion medicine research methodology by the use of mathematical modeling, large-scale donor surveys, innovative methods of repository sample storage, and establishing an infrastructure that responded to potential emerging blood safety threats such as xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus. Blood safety studies have included protocols evaluating epidemiologic and/or laboratory aspects of human immunodeficiency virus, human T-lymphotropic virus 1/2, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, West Nile virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 8, parvovirus B19, malaria, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, influenza, and Trypanosoma cruzi infections. Other analyses have characterized blood donor demographics, motivations to donate, factors influencing donor return, behavioral risk factors, donors' perception of the blood donation screening process, and aspects of donor deferral. In REDS-II, 2 large-scale blood donor protocols examined iron deficiency in donors and the prevalence of leukocyte antibodies. This review describes the major study results from over 150 peer-reviewed articles published by these 2 REDS programs. In 2011, a new 7-year program, the Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-III, was launched. The Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-III expands beyond donor-based research to include studies of blood transfusion recipients in the hospital setting and adds a third country, South Africa, to the international program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kleinman
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
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Gonçalez TT, Di Lorenzo Oliveira C, Carneiro-Proietti ABF, Moreno EC, Miranda C, Larsen N, Wright D, Leão S, Loureiro P, de Almeida-Neto C, Lopes MI, Proietti FA, Custer B, Sabino E. Motivation and social capital among prospective blood donors in three large blood centers in Brazil. Transfusion 2012; 53:1291-301. [PMID: 22998740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies analyzing motivation factors that lead to blood donation have found altruism to be the primary motivation factor; however, social capital has not been analyzed in this context. Our study examines the association between motivation factors (altruism, self-interest, and response to direct appeal) and social capital (cognitive and structural) across three large blood centers in Brazil. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 7635 donor candidates from October 15 through November 20, 2009. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires on demographics, previous blood donation, human immunodeficiency virus testing and knowledge, social capital, and donor motivations. Enrollment was determined before the donor screening process. RESULTS Among participants, 43.5 and 41.7% expressed high levels of altruism and response to direct appeal, respectively, while only 26.9% expressed high levels of self-interest. More high self-interest was observed at Hemope-Recife (41.7%). Of participants, 37.4% expressed high levels of cognitive social capital while 19.2% expressed high levels of structural social capital. More high cognitive and structural social capital was observed at Hemope-Recife (47.3 and 21.3%, respectively). High cognitive social capital was associated with high levels of altruism, self-interest, and response to direct appeal. Philanthropic and high social altruism were associated with high levels of altruism and response to direct appeal. CONCLUSION Cognitive and structural social capital and social altruism are associated with altruism and response to direct appeal, while only cognitive social capital is associated with self-interest. Designing marketing campaigns with these aspects in mind may help blood banks attract potential blood donors more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma T Gonçalez
- Department of Epidemiology, Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California 94118, USA.
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Chmielewski D, Bove LL, Lei J, Neville B, Nagpal A. A new perspective on the incentive-blood donation relationship: partnership, congruency, and affirmation of competence. Transfusion 2012; 52:1889-900. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03545.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Kessler DA, Ortiz C, Grima K, Vlahov D, Nandi V, Jones R, Hillyer CD, Shaz BH. Cardiovascular disease risk assessment and prevention in blood donors. Transfusion 2012; 52:2174-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Recruitment of Blood Donors. Transfus Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781444398748.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abdel Gader AGM, Osman AMA, Al Gahtani FH, Farghali MN, Ramadan AH, Al-Momen AKM. Attitude to blood donation in Saudi Arabia. Asian J Transfus Sci 2011; 5:121-6. [PMID: 21897588 PMCID: PMC3159239 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6247.83235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The blood donor system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia depends on a combination of voluntary and involuntary donors. The aim of this study is to explore the attitudes, beliefs and motivations of Saudis toward blood donation. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the Donor Centers at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) Blood Bank and King Saud University Students Health Center, Riyadh. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to donors (n = 517) and nondonors (n = 316), between February and June 2008. All were males. Results: Ninety-nine percent of the respondents showed positive attitude toward blood donations and its importance for patients care, and object the importation of blood from abroad. Blood donors: Ninety-one percent agree that that blood donation is a religious obligation, 91% think no compensation should be given, 63% will accept a token gift, 34% do not object to donating six times/year and 67% did not mind coming themselves to the donor center to give blood. Nondonors: Forty-six percent were not asked to give blood and those who were asked mentioned fear (5%) and lack of time (16%) as their main deterrents. Reasons for rejection as donors include underweight and age (71%) and health reasons (19%). Seventy-five percent objected to money compensation but 69% will accept token gifts and 92% will donate if a relative/friend needs blood. Conclusion: These results reflect an encouraging strong positive attitude toward blood donation. Further future planning with emphasis on educational/publicity programs and careful organization of donor recruitment campaigns could see the dream of total voluntary nonremunerated blood donations should not take long to be true.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Galil M Abdel Gader
- The Blood Donor Centre, King Khalid University Hospital and The Blood Transfusion Research Group, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Blood donors' attitudes towards incentives: influence on motivation to donate. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2011; 10:186-90. [PMID: 22044949 DOI: 10.2450/2011.0039-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the factors that motivate donors to donate will facilitate improvements in recruitment programmes. Donation incentives are often used to improve the effect of recruitment programmes. This cross-sectional study was designed to understand donors' attitudes toward incentives. MATERIAL AND METHODS Participants (n=421) were recruited among volunteer donors at the Shiraz Blood Transfusion Centre when they registered for blood donation. They completed a questionnaire with items regarding demographic characteristics, donation status (first-time donor or regular donor), and their motivation for donating, their attitude towards incentives, and the best type of incentives. Multiple logistic regression and chi-squared tests were used to analyse the data with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. RESULTS The majority of donors (85.6%) donated blood for altruistic reasons. One quarter of the donors (25.3%) believed that incentives should be offered to encourage them to donate. Most donors (84.5%) believed that the most effective incentive was offering specific blood tests. Donors who had donated for non-altruistic reasons were more interested in receiving incentives. The desire to receive incentives was more widespread among younger, married, first-time donors, donors with a lower educational level and donors with a history of more than five donations. The desire to receive incentives decreased as age increased. DISCUSSION Most of the donors (74.7%) had no desire to receive incentives, and this was even more apparent among donors who donated for altruistic reasons. Non-monetary incentives may be effective in attracting younger, married, first-time donors, donors with a lower educational level and donors with a history of more than five donations.
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Abolghasemi H, Hosseini-Divkalayi NS, Seighali F. Blood donor incentives: A step forward or backward. Asian J Transfus Sci 2011; 4:9-13. [PMID: 20376260 PMCID: PMC2847338 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6247.59385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dramatic increase in blood usage and critical seasonal blood shortages are faced by various countries. Countries which previously reached 100% voluntary nonremunerated donation have been led to offer different kinds of incentives to recruit blood donors and meet their blood demands. In some cases, these incentives are considered monetary and are in complete contrast with International standards like World Health Organization (WHO). It seems that attitudes toward sole dependency on nonremunerated voluntary blood donation have been changed in recent years and experts in some developed countries are reevaluating partial reliance on paid donation. On the other hand, besides the effects of such incentives on blood safety, several economic and psychological studies have shown that incentives have discouraging effects on pro-social behaviors like blood donation and will reduce the number of blood donors in long term. With regard to the results of such studies, it seems that implementing incentive-based blood donor recruitment programs to meet blood requirements by some countries is becoming a challenge for blood banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abolghasemi
- Department of International Affairs, International Law MA graduate, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Iran
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50
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Abstract
The literature contains numerous reports on motivation in blood donors, although none of these are specific to blood donation in Italy and almost all of them focus on altruism and the desire to help others. Altruism is important, but a comprehensive analysis of donor motivation should examine all the factors affecting the decision to donate, including commitment to voluntary blood donor organizations. The aims of this paper are to verify if the motivational factors that influence the choice to donate blood in Italy are generally consistent with the findings from other countries reported in the literature and to focus on commitment to donor organizations as an additional factor. A sample of 895 whole blood donors completed a self-report questionnaire containing questions about: reasons for beginning to donate, people who influenced this choice, and level of commitment to voluntary blood donor organizations. The most frequently reported reasons for giving blood for the first time were "to help others" (56%), "influence of family/friends" (22%), and "social/moral obligation" (11.2%); commitment did not vary as a function of the leading motivation reported. Differences emerged between males, who more frequently reported having been influenced by parents and friends, and females, who referred more often to altruistic motives. The opportunity to check one's own state of health also played an important role (6.9%), especially for male donors. Overall, however, the decision to donate was primarily a personal choice (41.3%), although influence was also attributed to relatives (21.8%), friends (22.3%), and voluntary blood donor organizations (21.8%). The reported level of commitment to the donor organization was positively correlated with the number of total and annual donations made and number of new donors recruited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Multimedia Health Communication Laboratory, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
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