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Dai C, Sharma G, Liu G, Shen J, Shao B, Hao Z. Therapeutic detoxification of quercetin for aflatoxin B1-related toxicity: Roles of oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123474. [PMID: 38309422 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFTs), a type of mycotoxin mainly produced by Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus, could be detected in food, feed, Chinese herbal medicine, grain crops and poses a great threat to public health security. Among them, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic one. Exposure to AFB1 poses various health risks to both humans and animals, including the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. The molecular mechanisms underlying these risks are intricate and dependent on specific contexts. This review primarily focuses on summarizing the protective effects of quercetin, a natural phenolic compound, in mitigating the toxic effects induced by AFB1 in both in vitro experiments and animal models. Additionally, the review explores the molecular mechanisms that underlie these protective effects. Quercetin has been demonstrated to not only have the direct inhibitory action on the production of AFTs from Aspergillus, both also possess potent ameliorative effects against AFB1-induced cytotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. These effects are attributed to the inhibition of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and inflammatory response. It could also directly target several metabolic enzymes (i.e., CYP3As and GSTA1) to reduce the production of toxic metabolites of AFB1 within cells, then reduce AFB1-induced cytotoxicity. In conclusion, this review highlights quercetin is a promising detoxification agent for AFB1. By advancing our understanding of the protective mechanisms offered by quercetin, we aim to contribute to the development of effective detoxification agents against AFB1, ultimately promoting better health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongshan Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Gaoyi Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100013, PR China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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Casillas-Ramírez A, Micó-Carnero M, Sánchez-González A, Maroto-Serrat C, Trostchansky A, Peralta C. NO-IL-6/10-IL-1β axis: a new pathway in steatotic and non-steatotic liver grafts from brain-dead donor rats. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178909. [PMID: 37593740 PMCID: PMC10427871 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brain death (BD) and steatosis are both risk factors for organ dysfunction or failure in liver transplantation (LT). Material and methods Here, we examine the role of interleukin 6 (IL- 6) and IL-10 in LT of both non-steatotic and steatotic liver recovered from donors after brain death (DBDs), as well as the molecular signaling pathways underlying the effects of such cytokines. Results BD reduced IL-6 levels only in nonsteatotic grafts, and diminished IL-10 levels only in steatotic ones. In both graft types, BD increased IL-1β, which was associated with hepatic inflammation and damage. IL-6 administration reduced IL-1β only in non-steatotic grafts and protected them against damage and inflammation. Concordantly, IL-1β inhibition via treatment with an IL-1 receptor antagonist caused the same benefits in non-steatotic grafts. Treatment with IL-10 decreased IL-1β only in steatotic grafts and reduced injury and inflammation specifically in this graft type. Blockading the IL-1β effects also reduced damage and inflammation in steatotic grafts. Also, blockade of IL-1β action diminished hepatic cAMP in both types of livers, and this was associated with a reduction in liver injury and inflammation, then pointing to IL-1β regulating cAMP generation under LT and BD conditions. Additionally, the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the effects of interleukins was evaluated. Pharmacological inhibition of NO in LT from DBDs prompted even more evident reductions of IL-6 or IL-10 in non-steatotic and steatotic grafts, respectively. This exacerbated the already high levels of IL-1β seen in LT from DBDs, causing worse damage and inflammation in both graft types. The administration of NO donors to non-steatotic grafts potentiated the beneficial effects of endogenous NO, since it increased IL-6 levels, and reduced IL-1β, inflammation, and damage. However, treatment with NO donors in steatotic grafts did not modify IL-10 or IL-1β levels, but induced more injurious effects tan the induction of BD alone, characterized by increased nitrotyrosine, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and hepatic damage. Conclusion Our study thus highlights the specificity of new signaling pathways in LT from DBDs: NO-IL-6-IL-1β in non-steatotic livers and NO-IL-10-IL-1β in steatotic ones. This opens up new therapeutic targets that could be useful in clinical LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araní Casillas-Ramírez
- Department of Teaching and Research Sub-Direction, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ciudad Victoria “Bicentenario 2010”, Ciudad Victoria, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales de Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Matamoros, Mexico
| | - Marc Micó-Carnero
- Department of Liver, Digestive System and Metabolism, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Sánchez-González
- Department of Teaching and Research Sub-Direction, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ciudad Victoria “Bicentenario 2010”, Ciudad Victoria, Mexico
| | - Cristina Maroto-Serrat
- Department of Liver, Digestive System and Metabolism, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carmen Peralta
- Department of Liver, Digestive System and Metabolism, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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Kamenshchikov NO, Duong N, Berra L. Nitric Oxide in Cardiac Surgery: A Review Article. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041085. [PMID: 37189703 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Perioperative organ injury remains a medical, social and economic problem in cardiac surgery. Patients with postoperative organ dysfunction have increases in morbidity, length of stay, long-term mortality, treatment costs and rehabilitation time. Currently, there are no pharmaceutical technologies or non-pharmacological interventions that can mitigate the continuum of multiple organ dysfunction and improve the outcomes of cardiac surgery. It is essential to identify agents that trigger or mediate an organ-protective phenotype during cardiac surgery. The authors highlight nitric oxide (NO) ability to act as an agent for perioperative protection of organs and tissues, especially in the heart-kidney axis. NO has been delivered in clinical practice at an acceptable cost, and the side effects of its use are known, predictable, reversible and relatively rare. This review presents basic data, physiological research and literature on the clinical application of NO in cardiac surgery. Results support the use of NO as a safe and promising approach in perioperative patient management. Further clinical research is required to define the role of NO as an adjunct therapy that can improve outcomes in cardiac surgery. Clinicians also have to identify cohorts of responders for perioperative NO therapy and the optimal modes for this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay O Kamenshchikov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nicolette Duong
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Respiratory Care Service, Patient Care Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Respiratory Care Service, Patient Care Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Manilla V, Di Tommaso N, Santopaolo F, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Endotoxemia and Gastrointestinal Cancers: Insight into the Mechanisms Underlying a Dangerous Relationship. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020267. [PMID: 36838231 PMCID: PMC9963870 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also known as endotoxin, is a component of the membrane of gram-negative bacteria and a well-recognized marker of sepsis. In case of disruption of the intestinal barrier, as occurs with unhealthy diets, alcohol consumption, or during chronic diseases, the microbiota residing in the gastrointestinal tract becomes a crucial factor in amplifying the systemic inflammatory response. Indeed, the translocation of LPS into the bloodstream and its interaction with toll-like receptors (TLRs) triggers molecular pathways involved in cytokine release and immune dysregulation. This is a critical step in the exacerbation of many diseases, including metabolic disorders and cancer. Indeed, the role of LPS in cancer development is widely recognized, and examples include gastric tumor related to Helicobacter pylori infection and hepatocellular carcinoma, both of which are preceded by a prolonged inflammatory injury; in addition, the risk of recurrence and development of metastasis appears to be associated with endotoxemia. Here, we review the mechanisms that link the promotion and progression of tumorigenesis with endotoxemia, and the possible therapeutic interventions that can be deployed to counteract these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Manilla
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Natalia Di Tommaso
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Translational Medicine and Surgery Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Translational Medicine and Surgery Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Suman S, Moon BH, Datta K, Kallakury BVS, Fornace AJ. Heavy-ion radiation-induced colitis and colorectal carcinogenesis in Il10-/- mice display co-activation of β-catenin and NF-κB signaling. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279771. [PMID: 36584137 PMCID: PMC9803147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Space radiation-induced gastrointestinal (GI) cancer risk models for future interplanetary astronauts are being developed that primarily rely on quantitative animal model studies to assess radiation-quality effects of heavy-ion space radiation exposure in relation to γ-rays. While current GI-cancer risk estimation efforts are focused on sporadic GI-cancer mouse models, emerging in-vivo data on heavy-ion radiation-induced long-term GI-inflammation are indicative of a higher but undetermined risk of GI-inflammation associated cancers, such as colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Therefore, we aimed to assess radiation quality effects on colonic inflammation, colon cancer incidence, and associated signaling events using an in-vivo CAC model i.e., Il10-/- mice. Male Il10-/- mice (8-10 weeks, n = 12/group) were irradiated with either sham, γ-rays or heavy-ions (28Si or 56Fe), and histopathological assessments for colitis and CAC were conducted at 2.5 months post-exposure. qPCR analysis for inflammation associated gene transcripts (Ptges and Tgfb1), and in-situ staining for markers of cell-proliferation (phospho-histone H3), oncogenesis (active-β-catenin, and cyclin D1), and inflammation (phospho-p65NF-κB, iNOS, and COX2) were performed. Significantly higher colitis and CAC frequency were noted after heavy-ion exposure, relative to γ and control mice. Higher CAC incidence after heavy-ion exposure was associated with greater activation of β-catenin and NF-κB signaling marked by induced expression of common downstream inflammatory (iNOS and COX2) and pro-proliferative (Cyclin D1) targets. In summary, IR-induced colitis and CAC incidence in Il10-/- mice depends on radiation quality and display co-activation of β-catenin and NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Suman
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Bo-Hyun Moon
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kamal Datta
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Bhaskar V. S. Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
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Gehrke N, Wörns MA, Mann A, Hövelmeyer N, Waisman A, Straub BK, Galle PR, Schattenberg JM. Hepatocyte Bcl-3 protects from death-receptor mediated apoptosis and subsequent acute liver failure. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:510. [PMID: 35641486 PMCID: PMC9156769 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare entity but exhibits a high mortality. The mechanisms underlying ALF are not completely understood. The present study explored the role of the hepatic B cell leukemia-3 (Bcl-3), a transcriptional regulator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), in two independent models of ALF. We employed a recently developed transgenic mouse model in a C57BL6/J background comparing wild-type (WT) and transgenic littermates with hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Bcl-3 (Bcl-3Hep) in the ALF model of d-galactosamine (d-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, the apoptosis-inducing CD95 (FAS/APO-1)-ligand was explored. Bcl-3Hep mice exhibited a significant protection from ALF with decreased serum transaminases, decreased activation of the apoptotic caspases 8, 9, and 3, lower rates of oxidative stress, B-cell lymphoma 2 like 1 (BCL2L1/BCL-XL) degradation and accompanying mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and ultimately a decreased mortality rate from d-GalN/LPS compared to WT mice. d-GalN/LPS treatment resulted in a marked inflammatory cytokine release and stimulated the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling comparably in the hepatic compartment of Bcl-3Hep and WT mice. However, in contrast to the WT, Bcl-3Hep mice showed a diminished rate of IkappaB kinase-beta (IKK-β) degradation, persistent receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1 function and thus prolonged cytoprotective nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 signaling through increased p65 stability and enhanced transcription. Likewise, Bcl-3 overexpression in hepatocytes protected from ALF with massive hepatocyte apoptosis induced by the anti-FAS antibody Jo2. The protection was also linked to IKK-β stabilization. Overall, our study showed that Bcl-3 rendered hepatocytes more resistant to hepatotoxicity induced by d-GalN/LPS and FAS-ligand. Therefore, Bcl-3 appears to be a critical regulator of the dynamics in ALF through IKK-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Gehrke
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus A Wörns
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology, Oncology and Endocrinology, Klinikum Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Amrit Mann
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Hövelmeyer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beate K Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Chen CL, Tseng PC, Satria RD, Nguyen TT, Tsai CC, Lin CF. Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Interferon-γ-Mediated Immune Hepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094669. [PMID: 35563060 PMCID: PMC9101719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a serine/threonine kinase, is a vital glycogen synthase regulator controlling glycogen synthesis, glucose metabolism, and insulin signaling. GSK-3 is widely expressed in different types of cells, and its abundant roles in cellular bioregulation have been speculated. Abnormal GSK-3 activation and inactivation may affect its original bioactivity. Moreover, active and inactive GSK-3 can regulate several cytosolic factors and modulate their diverse cellular functional roles. Studies in experimental liver disease models have illustrated the possible pathological role of GSK-3 in facilitating acute hepatic injury. Pharmacologically targeting GSK-3 is therefore suggested as a therapeutic strategy for liver protection. Furthermore, while the signaling transduction of GSK-3 facilitates proinflammatory interferon (IFN)-γ in vitro and in vivo, the blockade of GSK-3 can be protective, as shown by an IFN-γ-induced immune hepatitis model. In this study, we explored the possible regulation of GSK-3 and the potential relevance of GSK-3 blockade in IFN-γ-mediated immune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Chun Tseng
- Core Laboratory of Immune Monitoring, Office of Research & Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Rahmat Dani Satria
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (R.D.S.); (T.T.N.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Clinical Laboratory Installation, Dr. Sardjito Central General Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Thi Thuy Nguyen
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (R.D.S.); (T.T.N.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City 530000, Vietnam
| | - Cheng-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 703, Taiwan
- Department of Long Term Care Management, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 703, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.T.); (C.-F.L.)
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Core Laboratory of Immune Monitoring, Office of Research & Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (R.D.S.); (T.T.N.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.T.); (C.-F.L.)
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Chen MH, Hong CL, Wang YT, Wang TJ, Chen JR. The Effect of Astaxanthin Treatment on the Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Brain Res Bull 2022; 183:57-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Lee HM, Choi JW, Choi MS. Role of Nitric Oxide and Protein S-Nitrosylation in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:57. [PMID: 35052559 PMCID: PMC8772765 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a process in which damage is induced in hypoxic tissue when oxygen supply is resumed after ischemia. During IRI, restoration of reduced nitric oxide (NO) levels may alleviate reperfusion injury in ischemic organs. The protective mechanism of NO is due to anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidant effects, and the regulation of cell signaling pathways. On the other hand, it is generally known that S-nitrosylation (SNO) mediates the detrimental or protective effect of NO depending on the action of the nitrosylated target protein, and this is also applied in the IRI process. In this review, the effect of each change of NO and SNO during the IRI process was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang-Mi Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Korea;
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Min Sik Choi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Korea
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Matrone G, Jung SY, Choi JM, Jain A, Leung HCE, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Rodor J, Denvir MA, Baker AH, Cooke JP. Nuclear S-nitrosylation impacts tissue regeneration in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6282. [PMID: 34725362 PMCID: PMC8560954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of nitric oxide signaling in multiple biological processes, its role in tissue regeneration remains largely unexplored. Here, we provide evidence that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNos) translocates to the nucleus during zebrafish tailfin regeneration and is associated with alterations in the nuclear S-nitrosylated proteome. iNos inhibitors or nitric oxide scavengers reduce protein S-nitrosylation and impair tailfin regeneration. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry reveals an increase of up to 11-fold in the number of S-nitrosylated proteins during regeneration. Among these, Kdm1a, a well-known epigenetic modifier, is S-nitrosylated on Cys334. This alters Kdm1a binding to the CoRest complex, thus impairing its H3K4 demethylase activity, which is a response specific to the endothelial compartment. Rescue experiments show S-nitrosylation is essential for tailfin regeneration, and we identify downstream endothelial targets of Kdm1a S-nitrosylation. In this work, we define S-nitrosylation as an essential post-translational modification in tissue regeneration. The role of the post-translational modifications in tissue regeneration is still not clearly understood. Here, the authors show that many nuclear proteins change S-nitrosylation state in the regenerating zebrafish tailfin, highlighting the importance of Kdm1a S-nitrosylation in the repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Matrone
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK. .,Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Antrix Jain
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hon-Chiu Eastwood Leung
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Julie Rodor
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Martin A Denvir
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - John P Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Chyau CC, Wu HL, Peng CC, Huang SH, Chen CC, Chen CH, Peng RY. Potential Protection Effect of ER Homeostasis of N 6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)adenosine Isolated from Cordyceps cicadae in Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Stimulated Human Proximal Tubular Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041577. [PMID: 33557248 PMCID: PMC7913954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) belong to a class of universally and commonly used anti-inflammatory analgesics worldwide. A diversity of drawbacks of NSAIDs have been reported including cellular oxidative stress, which in turn triggers the accumulation of unfolded proteins, enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress, and finally resulting in renal cell damage. Cordyceps cicadae (CC) has been used as a traditional medicine for improving renal function via its anti-inflammatory effects. N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)adenosine (HEA), a physiologically active compound, has been reported from CC mycelia (CCM) with anti-inflammatory effects. We hypothesize that HEA could protect human proximal tubular cells (HK–2) from NSAID-mediated effects on differential gene expression at the mRNA and protein levels. To verify this, we first isolated HEA from CCM using Sephadex® LH–20 column chromatography. The MTT assay revealed HEA to be nontoxic up to 100 µM toward HK–2 cells. The HK–2 cells were pretreated with HEA (10–20 µM) and then insulted with the NSAIDs diclofenac (DCF, 200 µM) and meloxicam (MXC, 400 µM) for 24 h. HEA (20 µM) effectively prevented ER stress by attenuating ROS production (p < 0.001) and gene expression of ATF–6, PERK, IRE1α, CDCFHOP, IL1β, and NFκB within 24 h. Moreover, HEA reversed the increase of GRP78 and CHOP protein expression levels induced by DCF and MXC, and restored the ER homeostasis. These results demonstrated that HEA treatments effectively protect against DCF- and MXC-induced ER stress damage in human proximal tubular cells through regulation of the GRP78/ATF6/PERK/IRE1α/CHOP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charng-Cherng Chyau
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; (H.-L.W.); (S.-H.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.-C.C.); (R.Y.P.)
| | - Huei-Lin Wu
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; (H.-L.W.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Chiung-Chi Peng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Shiau-Huei Huang
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; (H.-L.W.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Grape King Biotechnology Center, Chung-Li City 320054, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Hsu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
| | - Robert Y. Peng
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; (H.-L.W.); (S.-H.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.-C.C.); (R.Y.P.)
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12
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Gage MC, Thippeswamy T. Inhibitors of Src Family Kinases, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, and NADPH Oxidase as Potential CNS Drug Targets for Neurological Diseases. CNS Drugs 2021; 35:1-20. [PMID: 33515429 PMCID: PMC7893831 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-020-00787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurological diseases share common neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. Both phenotypic and molecular changes in microglia, astrocytes, and neurons contribute to the progression of disease and present potential targets for disease modification. Src family kinases (SFKs) are present in both neurons and glial cells and are upregulated following neurological insults in both human and animal models. In neurons, SFKs interact with post-synaptic protein domains to mediate hyperexcitability and neurotoxicity. SFKs are upstream of signaling cascades that lead to the modulation of neurotransmitter receptors and the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as producers of free radicals through the activation of glia. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS-II) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2), the major mediators of reactive nitrogen/oxygen species (RNS/ROS) production in the brain, are also upregulated along with the pro-inflammatory cytokines following neurological insult and contribute to disease progression. Persistent neuronal hyperexcitability, RNS/ROS, and cytokines can exacerbate neurodegeneration, a common pathognomonic feature of the most prevalent neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Using a wide variety of preclinical disease models, inhibitors of the SFK-iNOS-NOX2 signaling axis have been tested to cure or modify disease progression. In this review, we discuss the SFK-iNOS-NOX2 signaling pathway and their inhibitors as potential CNS targets for major neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan C. Gage
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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13
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Muñoz J, Akhavan NS, Mullins AP, Arjmandi BH. Macrophage Polarization and Osteoporosis: A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102999. [PMID: 33007863 PMCID: PMC7601854 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 200 million people suffer from osteoporosis worldwide. Individuals with osteoporosis have increased rates of bone resorption while simultaneously having impaired osteogenesis. Most current treatments for osteoporosis focus on anti-resorptive methods to prevent further bone loss. However, it is important to identify safe and cost-efficient treatments that not only inhibit bone resorption, but also stimulate anabolic mechanisms to upregulate osteogenesis. Recent data suggest that macrophage polarization may contribute to osteoblast differentiation and increased osteogenesis as well as bone mineralization. Macrophages exist in two major polarization states, classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophage (M2) macrophages. The polarization state of macrophages is dependent on molecules in the microenvironment including several cytokines and chemokines. Mechanistically, M2 macrophages secrete osteogenic factors that stimulate the differentiation and activation of pre-osteoblastic cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC’s), and subsequently increase bone mineralization. In this review, we cover the mechanisms by which M2 macrophages contribute to osteogenesis and postulate the hypothesis that regulating macrophage polarization states may be a potential treatment for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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14
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Wei S, Tang J, Cai X. Founder cells for hepatocytes during liver regeneration: from identification to application. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2887-2898. [PMID: 32060582 PMCID: PMC11105049 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03457-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration (LR) capacity in vertebrates developed through natural selection over a hundred million years of evolution. To maintain homeostasis or recover from various injuries, liver cells must regenerate; this process includes the renewal of parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells as well as the formation of liver structures. The cellular origin of newly grown tissue is one of the critical questions in this area and has been a subject of prolonged debate. The regenerative tissue may derive from either hepatocyte self-duplication or liver stem/progenitor cells (LSPCs). Recently, hepatocyte subpopulations and cholangiocytes were also described as important founder cells. The niche that triggers the proliferation of hepatocytes and the differentiation of LSPCs has been extensively studied. Meanwhile, in vitro culture systems for liver founder cells and organoids have been developed rapidly for mechanistic studies and potential therapeutic purposes. This review summarizes the cellular sources and niches that give rise to renewed hepatocytes during LR, and it also describes in vitro culture studies of those founder cells for future applications, as well as current reports for stem cell-based therapies for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jiacheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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15
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Wongkrasant P, Pongkorpsakol P, Chitwattananont S, Satianrapapong W, Tuangkijkul N, Muanprasat C. Fructo-oligosaccharides alleviate inflammation-associated apoptosis of GLP-1 secreting L cells via inhibition of iNOS and cleaved caspase-3 expression. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 143:65-73. [PMID: 32229084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) released from enteroendocrine (L) cells regulates insulin secretion. Intestinal inflammation and impaired GLP-1 release have been found in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), a known prebiotic, improve GLP-1 release and glucose homeostasis in T2DM models. This study aimed to investigate the effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine associated with intestinal inflammation in T2DM, on L cell apoptosis and the effect of FOS on inflammation-associated impairment of GLP-1 secretion. Herein, using cell death assays, immunofluorescence staining, real time PCR and Western blot analyses, we found that TNF-α induced L cell apoptosis via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)- inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-cleaved caspase-3-dependent pathways. Interestingly, FOS did not suppress TNF-α-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation, but inhibited expression of iNOS and cleaved caspase-3. In addition, FOS alleviated apoptosis and rescued impaired GLP-1 release in TNF-α-treated L cells. Altogether, our data indicate that TNF-α induces L cell apoptosis via an NF-κB-iNOS-caspase-3-dependent pathway. FOS may be useful in suppressing inflammation-associated L cell apoptosis and maintaining GLP-1 level in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preedajit Wongkrasant
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pawin Pongkorpsakol
- Translational Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sasirin Chitwattananont
- Translational Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Satianrapapong
- Translational Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nuttha Tuangkijkul
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn 10540, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn 10540, Thailand; Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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16
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Hofer S, Geisler S, Lisandrelli R, Nguyen Ngoc H, Ganzera M, Schennach H, Fuchs D, Fuchs JE, M. Gostner J, Kurz K. Pharmacological Targets of Kaempferol Within Inflammatory Pathways-A Hint Towards the Central Role of Tryptophan Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E180. [PMID: 32098277 PMCID: PMC7070836 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavonoid kaempferol is almost ubiquitously contained in edible and medicinal plants and exerts a broad range of interesting pharmacological activities. Interactions with central inflammatory processes can be exploited to treat or attenuate symptoms of disorders associated with chronic immune activation during infections, malignancies, and neurodegenerative or cardiovascular disorders. Many drugs, phytochemicals, and nutritional components target the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) for immunomodulation. We studied the effects of kaempferol by in vitro models with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and THP-1 derived human myelomonocytic cell lines. Kaempferol suppressed interferon-γ dependent immunometabolic pathways: Formation of the oxidative stress biomarker neopterin and catabolism of tryptophan were inhibited dose-dependently in stimulated cells. In-silico docking studies revealed a potential interaction of kaempferol with the catalytic domain of IDO-1. Kaempferol stimulated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated THP-1 cells, thereby increasing the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL) 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor, and nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1, while IL6 was downregulated. Data suggest that concerted effects of kaempferol on multiple immunologically relevant targets are responsible for its immunomodulatory activity. However, the immunosuppressive effects may be more relevant in a T-cell dominated context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hofer
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.H.); (R.L.); (J.M.G.)
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80 - 82/IV, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (H.N.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Simon Geisler
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Rebecca Lisandrelli
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.H.); (R.L.); (J.M.G.)
| | - Hieu Nguyen Ngoc
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80 - 82/IV, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (H.N.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Markus Ganzera
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80 - 82/IV, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (H.N.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Harald Schennach
- Central Institute of Blood Transfusion and Immunology, University Hospital, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Julian E. Fuchs
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5- 11, 1120 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Johanna M. Gostner
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.H.); (R.L.); (J.M.G.)
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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17
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Morris G, Puri BK, Walker AJ, Berk M, Walder K, Bortolasci CC, Marx W, Carvalho AF, Maes M. The compensatory antioxidant response system with a focus on neuroprogressive disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109708. [PMID: 31351160 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major antioxidant responses to increased levels of inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress (ONS) are detailed. In response to increasing levels of nitric oxide, S-nitrosylation of cysteine thiol groups leads to post-transcriptional modification of many cellular proteins and thereby regulates their activity and allows cellular adaptation to increased levels of ONS. S-nitrosylation inhibits the function of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, toll-like receptor-mediated signalling and the activity of several mitogen-activated protein kinases, while activating nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2 or NFE2L2); in turn, the redox-regulated activation of Nrf2 leads to increased levels and/or activity of key enzymes and transporter systems involved in the glutathione system. The Nrf2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 axis is associated with upregulation of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, which in turn has anti-inflammatory effects. Increased Nrf2 transcriptional activity also leads to activation of haem oxygenase-1, which is associated with upregulation of bilirubin, biliverdin and biliverdin reductase as well as increased carbon monoxide signalling, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Associated transcriptional responses, which may be mediated by retrograde signalling owing to elevated hydrogen peroxide, include the unfolded protein response (UPR), mitohormesis and the mitochondrial UPR; the UPR also results from increasing levels of mitochondrial and cytosolic reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species leading to nitrosylation, glutathionylation, oxidation and nitration of crucial cysteine and tyrosine causing protein misfolding and the development of endoplasmic reticulum stress. It is shown how these mechanisms co-operate in forming a co-ordinated rapid and prolonged compensatory antioxidant response system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Walker
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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18
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Adult Hepatocytes Are Hedgehog-Responsive Cells in the Setting of Liver Injury: Evidence for Smoothened-Mediated Activation of NF-κB/Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/Akt in Hepatocytes that Counteract Fas-Induced Apoptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 188:2605-2616. [PMID: 30366594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is inactive in adult healthy liver, it becomes activated during acute and chronic liver injury and, thus, modulates the reparative process and disease progression. We developed a novel mouse model with liver-specific knockout of Smoothened (Smo LKO), and animals were subjected to Fas-induced liver injury in vivo. Results showed that Smo deletion in hepatocytes enhances Fas-induced liver injury. Activation of Hh signaling in hepatocytes in the setting of Fas-induced injury was indicated by the fact that Jo2 treatment enhanced hepatic expression of Ptch1, Smo, and its downstream target Gli1 in control but not Smo LKO mice. Primary hepatocytes from control mice showed increased Hh signaling activation in response to Jo2 treatment in vitro. On the other hand, the Smo KO hepatocytes were devoid of Hh activation and were more susceptible to Jo2-induced apoptosis. The levels of NF-κB and related signaling molecules, including epidermal growth factor receptor and Akt, were lower in Smo KO livers/hepatocytes than in control livers/hepatocytes. Accordingly, hydrodynamic gene delivery of active NK-κB prevented Jo2-induced liver injury in the Smo LKO mice. Our findings provide important evidence that adult hepatocytes become responsive to Hh signaling through up-regulation of Smo in the setting of Fas-induced liver injury and that such alteration leads to activation of NF-κB/epidermal growth factor receptor/Akt, which counteracts Fas-induced hepatocyte apoptosis.
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19
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El Moussawi L, Chakkour M, Kreydiyyeh S. The epinephrine-induced PGE2 reduces Na+/K+ ATPase activity in Caco-2 cells via PKC, NF-κB and NO. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220987. [PMID: 31393950 PMCID: PMC6687175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We showed previously an epinephrine-induced inhibition of the Na+/K+ ATPase in Caco-2 cells mediated via PGE2. This work is an attempt to further elucidate mediators downstream of PGE2 and involved in the observed inhibitory effect. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPase was assayed by measuring the amount of inorganic phosphate liberated in presence and absence of ouabain, a specific inhibitor of the enzyme. Changes in the protein expression of the Na+/K+ ATPase were investigated by western blot analysis which revealed a significant decrease in the abundance of the ATPase in plasma membranes. Treating the cells with epinephrine or PGE2 in presence of SC19220, a blocker of EP1 receptors abolished completely the effect of the hormone and the prostaglandin while the effect was maintained unaltered in presence of antagonists to all other receptors. Treatment with calphostin C, PTIO, ODQ or KT5823, respective inhibitors of PKC, NO, soluble guanylate cyclase and PKG, abrogated completely the effect of epinephrine and PGE2, suggesting an involvement of these mediators. A significant inhibition of the ATPase was observed when cells were treated with PMA, an activator of PKC or with 8-Br-cGMP, a cell permeable cGMP analogue. PMA did reduce the protein expression of IκB, as shown by western blot analysis, and its effect on the ATPase was not manifested in presence of an inhibitor of NF-κB while that of SNAP, a nitric oxide donor, was not affected. The results infer that NF-κB is downstream PKC and upstream NO. The data support a pathway in which epinephrine induces the production of PGE2 which binds to EP1 receptors and activates PKC and NF-κB leading to NO synthesis. The latter activates soluble guanylate cyclase resulting in cGMP production and activation of PKG which through direct or indirect phosphorylation inhibits the Na+/K+ ATPase by inducing its internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla El Moussawi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Chakkour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sawsan Kreydiyyeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail:
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20
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Liu X, Zhou M, Wu J, Wang J, Peng Q. HMGB1 release from trophoblasts contributes to inflammation during Brucella melitensis infection. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13080. [PMID: 31265755 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Brucella melitensis infection causes acute necrotizing inflammation in pregnant animals; however, the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to placentitis are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) acts as a mediator of placenta inflammation in B. melitensis-infected pregnant mice model. HMGB1 levels were increased in trophoblasts or placental explant during B. melitensis infection. Inhibition of HMGB1 activity with neutralising antibody significantly reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in B. melitensis-infected trophoblasts or placenta, whereas administration of recombinant HMGB1 (rHMGB1) increased the inflammatory response. Mechanistically, this decreased inflammatory response results from inhibition of HMGB1 activity, which cause the suppression of both mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation. Moreover, neutralising antibody to HMGB1 prevented B. melitensis infection-induced activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in trophoblasts. In contrast, in vitro stimulation of trophoblasts with rHMGB1 caused activation of NADPH oxidase and increased the production of ROS, which contributes to high bacterial burden within trophoblasts or placenta. In vivo, treatment with anti-HMGB1 antibody increases the number of Brucella survival within placenta in B. melitensis-infected pregnant mice but successfully reduced the severity of placentitis and abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Clinical laboratory, Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Changchun Medical College, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Nursing, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Laboratory Department, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qisheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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21
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Jing ZT, Liu W, Xue CR, Wu SX, Chen WN, Lin XJ, Lin X. AKT activator SC79 protects hepatocytes from TNF-α-mediated apoptosis and alleviates d-Gal/LPS-induced liver injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G387-G396. [PMID: 30629471 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00350.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine executing biological functions as diverse as cell proliferation, metabolic activation, inflammatory responses, and cell death. TNF-α can induce multiple mechanisms to initiate apoptosis in hepatocytes leading to the subsequent liver injury. Since the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway is known to have a protective role in death factor-mediated apoptosis, it is our hypothesis that activation of Akt may represent a therapeutic strategy to alleviate TNF-α-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury. We report here that the Akt activator SC79 protects hepatocytes from TNF-α-induced apoptosis and protects mice from d-galactosamine (d-Gal)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α-mediated liver injury and damage. SC79 not only enhances the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) prosurvival signaling in response to TNF-α stimulation, but also increases the expression of cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein L and S (FLIPL/S), which consequently inhibits the activation of procaspase-8. Furthermore, pretreatment of the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 reverses all the SC79-induced hepatoprotective effects. These results strongly indicate that SC79 protects against TNF-α-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and suggests that SC79 is likely a promising therapeutic agent for ameliorating the development of liver injury. NEW & NOTEWORTHY SC79 protects hepatocytes from TNF-α-mediated apoptosis and mice from Gal/LPS-induced liver injury and damage. Cytoprotective effects of SC79 against TNF-α act through both AKT-mediated activation of NF-κB and upregulation of FLIPL/S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Tang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Chao-Rong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Shu-Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Wan-Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Xin-Jian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
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22
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Coxiella burnetii Blocks Intracellular Interleukin-17 Signaling in Macrophages. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00532-18. [PMID: 30061378 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00532-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterium and the etiological agent of Q fever. Successful host cell infection requires the Coxiella type IVB secretion system (T4BSS), which translocates bacterial effector proteins across the vacuole membrane into the host cytoplasm, where they manipulate a variety of cell processes. To identify host cell targets of Coxiella T4BSS effector proteins, we determined the transcriptome of murine alveolar macrophages infected with a Coxiella T4BSS effector mutant. We identified a set of inflammatory genes that are significantly upregulated in T4BSS mutant-infected cells compared to mock-infected cells or cells infected with wild-type (WT) bacteria, suggesting that Coxiella T4BSS effector proteins downregulate the expression of these genes. In addition, the interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling pathway was identified as one of the top pathways affected by the bacteria. While previous studies demonstrated that IL-17 plays a protective role against several pathogens, the role of IL-17 during Coxiella infection is unknown. We found that IL-17 kills intracellular Coxiella in a dose-dependent manner, with the T4BSS mutant exhibiting significantly more sensitivity to IL-17 than WT bacteria. In addition, quantitative PCR confirmed the increased expression of IL-17 downstream signaling genes in T4BSS mutant-infected cells compared to WT- or mock-infected cells, including the proinflammatory cytokine genes Il1a, Il1b, and Tnfa, the chemokine genes Cxcl2 and Ccl5, and the antimicrobial protein gene Lcn2 We further confirmed that the Coxiella T4BSS downregulates macrophage CXCL2/macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and CCL5/RANTES protein levels following IL-17 stimulation. Together, these data suggest that Coxiella downregulates IL-17 signaling in a T4BSS-dependent manner in order to escape the macrophage immune response.
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23
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Schulz-Heddergott R, Stark N, Edmunds SJ, Li J, Conradi LC, Bohnenberger H, Ceteci F, Greten FR, Dobbelstein M, Moll UM. Therapeutic Ablation of Gain-of-Function Mutant p53 in Colorectal Cancer Inhibits Stat3-Mediated Tumor Growth and Invasion. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:298-314.e7. [PMID: 30107178 PMCID: PMC6582949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over half of colorectal cancers (CRCs) harbor TP53 missense mutations (mutp53). We show that the most common mutp53 allele R248Q (p53Q) exerts gain of function (GOF) and creates tumor dependence in mouse CRC models. mutp53 protein binds Stat3 and enhances activating Stat3 phosphorylation by displacing the phosphatase SHP2. Ablation of the p53Q allele suppressed Jak2/Stat3 signaling, growth, and invasiveness of established, mutp53-driven tumors. Treating tumor-bearing mice with an HSP90 inhibitor suppressed mutp53 levels and tumor growth. Importantly, human CRCs with stabilized mutp53 exhibit enhanced Jak2/Stat3 signaling and are associated with poorer patient survival. Cancers with TP53R248Q/W are associated with a higher patient death risk than are those having nonR248 mutp53. These findings identify GOF mutp53 as a therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadine Stark
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Shelley J Edmunds
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Hanibal Bohnenberger
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Fatih Ceteci
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfu am Main 60596, Germany
| | - Florian R Greten
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfu am Main 60596, Germany
| | - Matthias Dobbelstein
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
| | - Ute M Moll
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany; Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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24
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NF-κB Activity Initiates Human ESC-Derived Neural Progenitor Cell Differentiation by Inducing a Metabolic Maturation Program. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1766-1781. [PMID: 29681545 PMCID: PMC5989595 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neural development begins at embryonic day 19 and marks the beginning of organogenesis. Neural stem cells in the neural tube undergo profound functional, morphological, and metabolic changes during neural specification, coordinated by a combination of exogenous and endogenous cues. The temporal cell signaling activities that mediate this process, during development and in the postnatal brain, are incompletely understood. We have applied gene expression studies and transcription factor-activated reporter lentiviruses during in vitro neural specification of human pluripotent stem cells. We show that nuclear factor κB orchestrates a multi-faceted metabolic program necessary for the maturation of neural progenitor cells during neurogenesis.
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25
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Kim DS, Ji WB, Han JH, Choi YY, Park HJ, Yu YD, Kim JY. Effects of splanchnic vasoconstrictors on liver regeneration and survival after 90% rat hepatectomy. Ann Surg Treat Res 2018. [PMID: 29520345 PMCID: PMC5842083 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2018.94.3.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Posthepatectomy liver failure is a serious complication and considered to be caused by increased portal pressure and flow. Splanchnic vasoactive agents and propranolol are known to decrease portal pressure. The aim of this study was to identify optimal candidates with potential for clinical use among somatostatin, terlipressin, and propranolol using rats with 90% hepatectomy. Methods Rats were divided into 5 groups: sham operation (n = 6), control (n = 20), propranolol (n = 20), somatostatin (n = 20), and terlipressin group (n = 20). Seven-day survival rates and portal pressure change were measured, and biochemical, histologic, and molecular analyses were performed. Results Portal pressure was significantly decreased in all 3 treatment groups compared to control. All treatment groups showed a tendency of decreased liver injury markers, and somatostatin showed the most prominent effect at 24 hours postoperatively. Histologic liver injury at 24 hours was significantly decreased in propranolol and terlipressin groups (P = 0.016, respectively) and somatostatin group showed borderline significance (P = 0.056). Hepatocyte proliferation was significantly increased after 24 hours in all treatment groups. Median survival was significantly increased in terlipressin group compared to control group (P < 0.01). Conclusion Terlipressin is considered as the best candidate, while somatostatin has good potential for clinical use, considering their effects on portal pressure and subsequent decrease in liver injury and increase in liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sik Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong Bae Ji
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Han
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Dong Yu
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Young Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Farahmand L, Darvishi B, Majidzadeh-A K. Suppression of chronic inflammation with engineered nanomaterials delivering nuclear factor κB transcription factor decoy oligodeoxynucleotides. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1249-1261. [PMID: 28870118 PMCID: PMC8240980 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1370511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a prototypical pro-inflammatory transcription factor, constitutive activation of NF-κB signaling pathway has been reported in several chronic inflammatory disorders including inflammatory bowel disease, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. Application of decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) against NF-κB, as an effective molecular therapy approach, has brought about several promising outcomes in treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders. However, systematic administration of these genetic constructs is mostly hampered due to their instability, rapid degradation by nucleases and poor cellular uptake. Both chemical modification and application of delivery systems have shown to effectively overcome some of these limitations. Among different administered delivery systems, nanomaterials have gained much attention for delivering NF-κB decoy ODNs owing to their high loading capacity, targeted delivery and ease of synthesis. In this review, we highlight some of the most recently developed nanomaterial-based delivery systems for overcoming limitations associated with clinical application of these genetic constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Farahmand
- a Recombinant Proteins Department , Motamed Breast Cancer Research Center, ACECR , Tehran , Iran
| | - Behrad Darvishi
- a Recombinant Proteins Department , Motamed Breast Cancer Research Center, ACECR , Tehran , Iran
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- b Genetics Department , Motamed Breast Cancer Research Center, ACECR , Tehran , Iran.,c Tasnim Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine , AJA University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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27
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Sun LC, Zhang HB, Gu CD, Guo SD, Li G, Lian R, Yao Y, Zhang GQ. Protective effect of acacetin on sepsis-induced acute lung injury via its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 41:1199-1210. [PMID: 29243040 PMCID: PMC7101724 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome with no effective protective or therapeutic treatments. Acacetin, a natural flavonoid compound, has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects which can potentially work to reduce sepsis. We investigated the potential protective effect of acacetin on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) ALI and dissect out the underlying mechanisms. Mice were divided into five groups: a sham group, a sepsis-induced ALI group, and three sepsis groups pre-treated with 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg body weight of acacetin. We found that acacetin significantly attenuated sepsis-induced ALI, in histological examinations and lung edema. Additionally, acacetin treatment decreased protein and inflammatory cytokine concentration and the number of infiltrated inflammatory cells in BALF compared with that in the non-treated sepsis mice. Pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was lower in the acacetin-pre-treated sepsis groups than in the sepsis group. The mechanism underlying the protective effect of acacetin on sepsis is related to the regulation of certain antioxidation genes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), superoxide dismutases (SODs), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1).Taken together, our results indicate that acacetin pre-treatment inhibits sepsis-induced ALI through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity, suggesting that acacetin may be a potential protective agent for sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chao Sun
- Emergency Department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Chaoyang District, Hepingli, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hong-Bo Zhang
- Emergency Department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Chaoyang District, Hepingli, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Cheng-Dong Gu
- Emergency Department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Chaoyang District, Hepingli, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shi-Dong Guo
- Emergency Department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Chaoyang District, Hepingli, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Gang Li
- Emergency Department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Chaoyang District, Hepingli, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rui Lian
- Emergency Department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Chaoyang District, Hepingli, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Emergency Department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Chaoyang District, Hepingli, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Emergency Department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghua Dongjie, Chaoyang District, Hepingli, Beijing, 100029, China.
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28
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Coudriet GM, Delmastro-Greenwood MM, Previte DM, Marré ML, O'Connor EC, Novak EA, Vincent G, Mollen KP, Lee S, Dong HH, Piganelli JD. Treatment with a Catalytic Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Mimetic Improves Liver Steatosis, Insulin Sensitivity, and Inflammation in Obesity-Induced Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6040085. [PMID: 29104232 PMCID: PMC5745495 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and persistent inflammation are exaggerated through chronic over-nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle, resulting in insulin resistance. In type 2 diabetes (T2D), impaired insulin signaling leads to hyperglycemia and long-term complications, including metabolic liver dysfunction, resulting in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The manganese metalloporphyrin superoxide dismustase (SOD) mimetic, manganese (III) meso-tetrakis (N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin (MnP), is an oxidoreductase known to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine production, by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation. We hypothesized that targeting oxidative stress-induced inflammation with MnP would assuage liver complications and enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model of T2D. During 12 weeks of feeding, we saw significant improvements in weight, hepatic steatosis, and biomarkers of liver dysfunction with redox modulation by MnP treatment in HFD-fed mice. Additionally, MnP treatment improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, while reducing serum insulin and leptin levels. We attribute these effects to redox modulation and inhibition of hepatic NF-κB activation, resulting in diminished ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. This study highlights the importance of controlling oxidative stress and secondary inflammation in obesity-mediated insulin resistance and T2D. Our data confirm the role of NF-κB-mediated inflammation in the development of T2D, and demonstrate the efficacy of MnP in preventing the progression to disease by specifically improving liver pathology and hepatic insulin resistance in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Coudriet
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Meghan M Delmastro-Greenwood
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Dana M Previte
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Meghan L Marré
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Erin C O'Connor
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Novak
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Garret Vincent
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Kevin P Mollen
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Sojin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - H Henry Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Jon D Piganelli
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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The Contribution of Singlet Oxygen to Insulin Resistance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8765972. [PMID: 29081894 PMCID: PMC5610878 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8765972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance contributes to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular dysfunctions. Recent studies showed that elevated singlet oxygen-mediated lipid peroxidation precedes and predicts diet-induced insulin resistance (IR), and neutrophils were suggested to be responsible for such singlet oxygen production. This review highlights literature suggesting that insulin-responsive cells such as endothelial cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes also produce singlet oxygen, which contributes to insulin resistance, for example, by generating bioactive aldehydes, inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and modifying mitochondrial DNA. In these cells, nutrient overload leads to the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 and other receptors, leading to the production of both peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide, which react to produce singlet oxygen. Cytochrome P450 2E1 and cytochrome c also contribute to singlet oxygen formation in the ER and mitochondria, respectively. Endothelial cell-derived singlet oxygen is suggested to mediate the formation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein which perpetuates IR, partly through neutrophil recruitment to adipose tissue. New singlet oxygen-involving pathways for the formation of IR-inducing bioactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroperoxy-(or hydroxy or oxo)-2-nonenal, malondialdehyde, and cholesterol secosterol A are proposed. Strategies against IR should target the singlet oxygen-producing pathways, singlet oxygen quenching, and singlet oxygen-induced cellular responses.
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McClure JJ, Inks ES, Zhang C, Peterson YK, Li J, Chundru K, Lee B, Buchanan A, Miao S, Chou CJ. Comparison of the Deacylase and Deacetylase Activity of Zinc-Dependent HDACs. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1644-1655. [PMID: 28459537 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The acetylation status of lysine residues on histone proteins has long been attributed to a balance struck between the catalytic activity of histone acetyl transferases and histone deacetylases (HDAC). HDACs were identified as the sole removers of acetyl post-translational modifications (PTM) of histone lysine residues. Studies into the biological role of HDACs have also elucidated their role as removers of acetyl PTMs from lysine residues of nonhistone proteins. These findings, coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry studies that revealed the presence of acyl-group PTMs on lysine residues of nonhistone proteins, brought forth the possibility of HDACs acting as removers of both acyl- and acetyl-based PTMs. We posited that HDACs fulfill this dual role and sought to investigate their specificity. Utilizing a fluorescence-based assay and biologically relevant acyl-substrates, the selectivities of zinc-dependent HDACs toward these acyl-based PTMs were identified. These findings were further validated using cellular models and molecular biology techniques. As a proof of principal, an HDAC3 selective inhibitor was designed using HDAC3's substrate preference. This resulting inhibitor demonstrates nanomolar activity and >30 fold selectivity toward HDAC3 compared to the other class I HDACs. This inhibitor is capable of increasing p65 acetylation, attenuating NF-κB activation, and thereby preventing downstream nitric oxide signaling. Additionally, this selective HDAC3 inhibition allows for control of HMGB-1 secretion from activated macrophages without altering the acetylation status of histones or tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J. McClure
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Elizabeth S. Inks
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- China Agricultural University, Department of Applied
Chemistry, Beijing, China
| | - Yuri K. Peterson
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Jiaying Li
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Kalyan Chundru
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Bradley Lee
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Ashley Buchanan
- College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Shiqin Miao
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - C. James Chou
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Pharmacy, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
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Das S, Chowdhury BP, Goswami A, Parveen S, Jawed J, Pal N, Majumdar S. Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) mediated host protective intracellular mechanisms against tuberculosis infection: Involvement of TLR-4 mediated signaling. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 101:201-209. [PMID: 27865392 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection inflicts the disease Tuberculosis (TB), which is fatal if left untreated. During M. tuberculosis infection, the pathogen modulates TLR-4 receptor down-stream signaling, indicating the possible involvement of TLR-4 in the regulation of the host immune response. Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) possesses immuno-modulatory properties which induces the pro-inflammatory responses via induction of TLR-4-mediated signaling. Here, we observed the immunomodulatory properties of MIP against tuberculosis infection. We have studied the detailed signaling mechanisms employed by MIP in order to restore the host immune response against the in vitro tuberculosis infection. We observed that in infected macrophages MIP treatment significantly increased the TLR-4 expression as well as activation of its downstream signaling, facilitating the activation of P38 MAP kinase. MIP treatment was able to activate NF-κB via involvement of TLR-4 signaling leading to the enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine and NO generation in the infected macrophages and generation of protective immune response. Therefore, we may suggest that, TLR4 may represent a novel therapeutic target for the activation of the innate immune response during Tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibali Das
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII- M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Bidisha Paul Chowdhury
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII- M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Avranil Goswami
- Dept. of Microbiology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Shabina Parveen
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII- M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Junaid Jawed
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII- M, Kolkata, 700 054, India
| | - Nishith Pal
- Dept. of Microbiology, N.R.S Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Subrata Majumdar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII- M, Kolkata, 700 054, India.
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Kuttippurathu L, Patra B, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. A novel comparative pattern count analysis reveals a chronic ethanol-induced dynamic shift in immediate early NF-κB genome-wide promoter binding during liver regeneration. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:1037-56. [PMID: 26847025 PMCID: PMC4891188 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00740b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy is a clinically important process that is impaired by adaptation to chronic alcohol intake. We focused on the initial time points following partial hepatectomy (PHx) to analyze the genome-wide binding activity of NF-κB, a key immediate early regulator. We investigated the effect of chronic alcohol intake on immediate early NF-κB genome-wide localization, in the adapted state as well as in response to partial hepatectomy, using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by promoter microarray analysis. We found many ethanol-specific NF-κB binding target promoters in the ethanol-adapted state, corresponding to the regulation of biosynthetic processes, oxidation-reduction and apoptosis. Partial hepatectomy induced a diet-independent shift in NF-κB binding loci relative to the transcription start sites. We employed a novel pattern count analysis to exhaustively enumerate and compare the number of promoters corresponding to the temporal binding patterns in ethanol and pair-fed control groups. The highest pattern count corresponded to promoters with NF-κB binding exclusively in the ethanol group at 1 h post PHx. This set was associated with the regulation of cell death, response to oxidative stress, histone modification, mitochondrial function, and metabolic processes. Integration with the global gene expression profiles to identify putative transcriptional consequences of NF-κB binding patterns revealed that several of ethanol-specific 1 h binding targets showed ethanol-specific differential expression through 6 h post PHx. Motif analysis yielded co-incident binding loci for STAT3, AP-1, CREB, C/EBP-β, PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α, likely participating in co-regulatory modules with NF-κB in shaping the immediate early response to PHx. We conclude that adaptation to chronic ethanol intake disrupts the NF-κB promoter binding landscape with consequences for the immediate early gene regulatory response to the acute challenge of PHx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kuttippurathu
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Biswanath Patra
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. and Mitocare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. and Mitocare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Olivera GC, Ren X, Vodnala SK, Lu J, Coppo L, Leepiyasakulchai C, Holmgren A, Kristensson K, Rottenberg ME. Nitric Oxide Protects against Infection-Induced Neuroinflammation by Preserving the Stability of the Blood-Brain Barrier. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005442. [PMID: 26915097 PMCID: PMC4767601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) generated by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is critical for defense against intracellular pathogens but may mediate inflammatory tissue damage. To elucidate the role of iNOS in neuroinflammation, infections with encephalitogenic Trypanosoma brucei parasites were compared in inos-/- and wild-type mice. Inos-/- mice showed enhanced brain invasion by parasites and T cells, and elevated protein permeability of cerebral vessels, but similar parasitemia levels. Trypanosome infection stimulated T cell- and TNF-mediated iNOS expression in perivascular macrophages. NO nitrosylated and inactivated pro-inflammatory molecules such as NF-κΒp65, and reduced TNF expression and signalling. iNOS-derived NO hampered both TNF- and T cell-mediated parasite brain invasion. In inos-/- mice, TNF stimulated MMP, including MMP9 activity that increased cerebral vessel permeability. Thus, iNOS-generated NO by perivascular macrophages, strategically located at sites of leukocyte brain penetration, can serve as a negative feed-back regulator that prevents unlimited influx of inflammatory cells by restoring the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Inflammatory responses can lead to harmful effects on the brain during many chronic parasitic infections, including those with African trypanosomes. T. brucei, the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis, that traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to invade the brain, where, together with inflammatory infiltrates, they likely contribute to the neurologic disturbances of the disease. High levels of nitric oxide (NO) released by the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) are critical for defense against parasites, but also mediate inflammatory tissue damage. Using a mouse model of African trypanosomiasis, we uncovered an unexpected role of NO, preserving the integrity of the BBB and limiting the neuroinvasion of leukocytes and parasites, rather than mediating brain damage or killing of trypanosomes. iNOS-derived NO, nitrosylates molecules such as pro-inflammatory transcription factors. iNOS hampered both TNF- and T cell-mediated parasite and leukocyte brain invasion and passage of serum proteins across the BBB. In inos-/- mice, exacerbated TNF secretion and signalling increased MMP9 activity that mediates cerebral vascular permeability. Thus, NO is crucial for maintenance of the integrity of the cerebral vessels and serves as a feed-back regulator by inhibiting leukocyte brain penetration during T. brucei infection. Consequently, therapies could target iNOS to reduce tissue damage during neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela C. Olivera
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyuan Ren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suman K. Vodnala
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucia Coppo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Arne Holmgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Martin E. Rottenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Wallach D. The cybernetics of TNF: Old views and newer ones. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 50:105-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Simon PS, Sharman SK, Lu C, Yang D, Paschall AV, Tulachan SS, Liu K. The NF-κB p65 and p50 homodimer cooperate with IRF8 to activate iNOS transcription. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:770. [PMID: 26497740 PMCID: PMC4619452 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) metabolizes L-arginine to produce nitric oxide (NO) which was originally identified in myeloid cells as a host defense mechanism against pathogens. Recent studies, however, have revealed that iNOS is often induced in tumor cells and myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment. Compelling experimental data have shown that iNOS promotes tumor development in certain cellular context and suppresses tumor development in other cellular conditions. The molecular mechanisms underlying these contrasting functions of iNOS is unknown. Because iNOS is often induced by inflammatory signals, it is therefore likely that these contrasting functions of iNOS could be controlled by the inflammatory signaling pathways, which remains to be determined. Methods iNOS is expressed in colon carcinoma and myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment. Colon carcinoma and myeloid cell lines were used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying iNOS expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay were used to determine the IFNγ-activated pSTAT1 and NF-κB association with the chromatin DNA of the nos2 promoter. Results We show here that iNOS is dramatically up-regulated in inflammed human colon tissues and in human colon carcinoma as compared to normal colon tissue. iNOS is expressed in either the colon carcinoma cells or immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. On the molecular level, the proinflammatory IFNγ and NF-κB signals induce iNOS expression in human colon cancer cells. We further demonstrate that NF-κB directly binds to the NOS2 promoter to regulate iNOS expression. Although neither the IFNγ signaling pathway nor the NF-κB signaling pathway alone is sufficient to induce iNOS expression in myeloid cells, IFNγ and NF-κB synergistically induce iNOS expression in myeloid cells. Furthermore, we determine that IFNγ up-regulates IRF8 expression to augment NF-κB induction of iNOS expression. More interestingly, we observed that the p65/p65 and p50/p50 homodimers, not the canonical p65/p50 heterodimer, directly binds to the nos2 promoter to regulate iNOS expression in myeloid cells. Conclusions IFNγ-induced IRF8 acts in concert with NF-κB to regulate iNOS expression in both colon carcinoma and myeloid cells. In myeloid cells, the NF-κB complexes that bind to the nos2 promoter are p65/p65 and p50/p50 homodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla S Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.
| | - Sarah K Sharman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.
| | - Amy V Paschall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.
| | - Sidhartha S Tulachan
- Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.
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Khan S, Jena G, Tikoo K, Kumar V. Valproate attenuates the proteinuria, podocyte and renal injury by facilitating autophagy and inactivation of NF-κB/iNOS signaling in diabetic rat. Biochimie 2015; 110:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lee KS, Lee DH, Kwon YS, Chun SY, Nam KS. Deep-sea water inhibits metastatic potential in HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinomas via MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Necrostatin-1 protects against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced hepatotoxicity in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:777-87. [PMID: 25349782 PMCID: PMC4208088 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RIPK-dependent necrosis is involved in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) protects mice against APAP-induced acute liver damage. Nec-1 suppresses APAP-induced ROS generation in hepatocytes. Nec-1 promotes resistance to oxidative stress in hepatocytes.
Excessive acetaminophen (APAP) use is one of the most common causes of acute liver failure. Various types of cell death in the damaged liver are linked to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, and, of these, necrotic cell death of hepatocytes has been shown to be involved in disease pathogenesis. Until recently, necrosis was commonly considered to be a random and unregulated form of cell death; however, recent studies have identified a previously unknown form of programmed necrosis called receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)-dependent necrosis (or necroptosis), which is controlled by the kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3. Although RIPK-dependent necrosis has been implicated in a variety of disease states, including atherosclerosis, myocardial organ damage, stroke, ischemia–reperfusion injury, pancreatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. However its involvement in APAP-induced hepatocyte necrosis remains elusive. Here, we showed that RIPK1 phosphorylation, which is a hallmark of RIPK-dependent necrosis, was induced by APAP, and the expression pattern of RIPK1 and RIPK3 in the liver overlapped with that of CYP2E1, whose activity around the central vein area has been demonstrated to be critical for the development of APAP-induced hepatic injury. Moreover, a RIPK1 inhibitor ameliorated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in an animal model, which was underscored by significant suppression of the release of hepatic enzymes and cytokine expression levels. RIPK1 inhibition decreased reactive oxygen species levels produced in APAP-injured hepatocytes, whereas CYP2E1 expression and the depletion rate of total glutathione were unaffected. Of note, RIPK1 inhibition also conferred resistance to oxidative stress in hepatocytes. These data collectively demonstrated a RIPK-dependent necrotic mechanism operates in the APAP-injured liver and inhibition of this pathway may be beneficial for APAP-induced fulminant hepatic failure.
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Key Words
- ABTS, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid
- ALF, acute liver failure
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- APAP, acetaminophen
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Acetaminophen
- Acute liver failure
- CM-H2DCFDA, 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester
- CXCL1, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1
- CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E1
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- Drp1, dynamin-related protein 1
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GSH, glutathione
- Hepatocytes
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- NAPQI, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone
- NO, nitric oxide
- Nec-1, necrostatin-1
- Necroptosis
- PGAM5, phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5
- PI, propidium iodide
- RIPK, receptor-interacting protein kinase
- RIPK-dependent necrosis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive oxygen species
- SNAP, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-dl-penicillamine
- WST-8, 2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- λPP, lambda protein phosphatase
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Adenosine A2a receptors activate Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) in rat hippocampus after exposure to different doses of MDMA. Mol Cell Toxicol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-014-0007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Liu C, Chen X, Yang L, Kisseleva T, Brenner DA, Seki E. Transcriptional repression of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) Pseudoreceptor BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) by Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB) p50 enhances TGF-β signaling in hepatic stellate cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:7082-7091. [PMID: 24448807 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.543769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR4 signaling induces down-regulation of the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI), which enhances TGF-β signaling during hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. We investigated the mechanism by which TLR4 signaling down-regulates BAMBI expression in HSCs and found that TLR4- and TNF-α-mediated BAMBI down-regulation is dependent on regulation of BAMBI promoter activity through the interaction with NF-κBp50 and HDAC1 in HSCs. Bambi was predominantly expressed in HSCs, at high levels in quiescent HSCs but at low levels in in vivo-activated and LPS-stimulated HSCs. In human HSCs, BAMBI expression was down-regulated in response to LPS and TNF-α. A BAMBI reporter assay demonstrated that the regulatory element to repress BAMBI transcription is located between 3384 and 1560 bp upstream from the transcription start site. LPS stimulation down-regulated BAMBI expression in cells with NF-κBp65 knockdown. However, it failed to down-regulate BAMBI in cells with inactivation of NF-κB or NF-κBp50 silencing, indicating that NF-κBp50 is a factor for BAMBI down-regulation. ChIP analysis revealed that LPS and TNF-α induced binding of the NF-κBp50/p50 homodimer to the BAMBI promoter region. We also found that HDAC1 is bound to this region as part of the NF-κBp50-HDAC1 complex, repressing transcriptional activity of the BAMBI promoter. Finally, we confirmed that LPS does not repress BAMBI reporter activity using a BAMBI reporter construct with a mutation at 3166 bp upstream of the coding region. In summary, our study demonstrates that LPS- and TNF-α-induced NF-κBp50-HDAC1 interaction represses BAMBI transcriptional activity, which contributes to TLR4-mediated enhancement of TGF-β signaling in HSCs during liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093; Scientific Research Center, Shanghai 201508, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Public Clinical Health Center, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Public Clinical Health Center, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - David A Brenner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093.
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Abstract
Liver regeneration is perhaps the most studied example of compensatory growth aimed to replace loss of tissue in an organ. Hepatocytes, the main functional cells of the liver, manage to proliferate to restore mass and to simultaneously deliver all functions hepatic functions necessary to maintain body homeostasis. They are the first cells to respond to regenerative stimuli triggered by mitogenic growth factor receptors MET (the hepatocyte growth factor receptor] and epidermal growth factor receptor and complemented by auxiliary mitogenic signals induced by other cytokines. Termination of liver regeneration is a complex process affected by integrin mediated signaling and it restores the organ to its original mass as determined by the needs of the body (hepatostat function). When hepatocytes cannot proliferate, progenitor cells derived from the biliary epithelium transdifferentiate to restore the hepatocyte compartment. In a reverse situation, hepatocytes can also transdifferentiate to restore the biliary compartment. Several hormones and xenobiotics alter the hepatostat directly and induce an increase in liver to body weight ratio (augmentative hepatomegaly). The complex challenges of the liver toward body homeostasis are thus always preserved by complex but unfailing responses involving orchestrated signaling and affecting growth and differentiation of all hepatic cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- George K Michalopoulos
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Zamani M, Soleimani M, Golab F, Mohamadzadeh F, Mehdizadeh M, Katebi M. NeuroProtective effects of adenosine receptor agonist coadministration with ascorbic acid on CA1 hippocampus in a mouse model of ischemia reperfusion injury. Metab Brain Dis 2013; 28:367-74. [PMID: 23640013 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-013-9408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic brain injury is a leading cause of sever neurological and neurobehavioral deficits and death. The hippocampus plays vital roles in learning and memory processes and it is impaired by ischemic insults. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion leads to Oxidative stress damage impairing the hippocampus. Here we tested whether ascorbic acid and adenosine receptor played a neuroprotective role in a mouse brain ischemia model induced by common carotid arteries occlusion. Adult male mice were randomly assigned into nine experimental groups. The animals were subjected to ischemia by the ligation of common carotid arteries for 15 min. Drugs were injected intrapritoneally once daily for 7 days. Behavioral tests performed at day 14 and then mice were killed at day 21 and their brains were fixed for microscopic studies and some samples were prepared for western blot analysis. Western blot analysis utilized to evaluate the expression of apoptosis-related proteinsin the hippocampus. Short-term memory was assessed by shuttle-box test. Our findings revealed that administration of vitamin C and N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) significantly attenuated ischemia-induced brain injury. Vitamin C and CPA administration increased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax in the ischemic mice. Ischemia caused short-term memory loss that was improved by vitamin c and CPA treatment. Our results demonstrate that treatment with vitamin C and adenosine receptor agonist attenuated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury as a potential neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zamani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Anatomy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li X, Xu F, Karoopongse E, Marcondes AM, Lee K, Kowdley KV, Miao CH, Trobridge GD, Campbell JS, Deeg HJ. Allogeneic transplantation, Fas signaling, and dysregulation of hepcidin. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 19:1210-9. [PMID: 23707854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic iron overload is common in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation. We showed previously in a murine model that transplantation of allogeneic T cells induced iron deposition and down-regulation of hepcidin (Hamp) in hepatocytes. We hypothesized that hepatic injury was related to disrupted iron homeostasis triggered by the interaction of Fas-ligand, expressed on activated T cells, with Fas on hepatocytes. In the current study, we determined the effects of modified expression of the Flice inhibitory protein (FLIP long [FLIPL]), which interferes with Fas signaling, on the impact of Fas-initiated signals on the expression of IL-6 and Stat3 and their downstream target, Hamp. To exclude a possible contribution by other pathways, we used agonistic anti-Fas antibodies (rather than allogeneic T cells) to trigger Fas signaling. Inhibition of FLIPL by RNA interference resulted, as expected, not only in enhanced hepatocyte apoptosis in response to Fas signals, but also in decreased levels of IL-6, Stat3, and Hamp. In contrast, overexpression of FLIPL protected hepatocytes against agonistic anti-Fas antibody-mediated apoptosis and increased the levels of IL-6 and Stat3, thereby maintaining the expression of Hamp in an NF-κB-dependent fashion. In vivo overexpression of FLIPL in the liver via hydrodynamic transfection, similarly, interfered with Fas-initiated apoptosis and prevented down-regulation of IL-6, Stat3, and Hamp. These data indicate that Fas-dependent signals alter the regulation of iron homeostasis and suggest that signals initiated by Fas may contribute to peritransplantation iron accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Liu X, Chen Y, Wu Y, Ha T, Li C. The cardioprotection induced by lipopolysaccharide involves phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and high mobility group box 1 pathways. J Biomed Res 2013; 24:324-31. [PMID: 23554647 PMCID: PMC3596599 DOI: 10.1016/s1674-8301(10)60045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The mechanisms by which lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pretreatment induces cardioprotection following ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and high mobility group box 1 (HMGBx1) signaling plays an important role in LPS-induced cardioprotection. Methods In in vivo experiments, age- and weight- matched male C57BL/10Sc wild type mice were pretreated with LPS before ligation of the left anterior descending coronary followed by reperfusion. Infarction size was examined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Akt, phospho-Akt, and HMGBx1 were assessed by immunoblotting with appropriate primary antibodies. In situ cardiac myocyte apoptosis was examined by the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In an in vitro study, rat cardiac myoblasts (H9c2) were subdivided into two groups, and only one was pretreated with LPS. After pretreatment, the cells were transferred into a hypoxic chamber under 0.5% O2. Levels of HMGBx1 were assessed by immunoblot. Results In the in vivo experiment, pretreatment with LPS reduced the at risk infarct size by 70.6% and the left ventricle infarct size by 64.93% respectively. Pretreatment with LPS also reduced cardiac myocytes apoptosis by 39.1% after ischemia and reperfusion. The mechanisms of LPS induced cardioprotection involved increasing PI3K/Akt activity and decreasing expression of HMGBx1. In the in vitro study, pretreatment with LPS reduced the level of HMGBx1 in H9c2 cell cytoplasm following hypoxia. Conclusion The results suggest that the cardioprotection following I/R induced by LPS pretreatment involves PI3K/Akt and HMGBx1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
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Kermanian F, Soleimani M, Ebrahimzadeh A, Haghir H, Mehdizadeh M. Effects of adenosine A2a receptor agonist and antagonist on hippocampal nuclear factor-kB expression preceded by MDMA toxicity. Metab Brain Dis 2013; 28:45-52. [PMID: 23212481 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-012-9366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
There is an abundance of evidence showing that repeated use of 3,4-methlylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) is associated with brain dysfunction, memory disturbance, locomotor hyperactivity, and hyperthermia. MDMA is toxic to both the serotonergic neurons and dopaminergic system. Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside with a neuromodulatory function in the central nervous system. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) plays a pivotal role in the initiation and perpetuation of an immune response by triggering the expression of major inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. Here, we investigated the effects of the A2a adenosine receptor (A2a-R) agonist (CGS) and antagonist (SCH) on NF-kB expression after MDMA administration. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected to MDMA (10 mg/kg) followed by intraperitoneal injection of either CGS or SCH (0.03 mg/kg each) to animals. The hippocampi were then removed for western blot and RT- PCR analyses. MDMA significantly elevated NF-kB expression. Our results show that administration of CGS following MDMA significantly elevated the NF-kB expression both at mRNA and protein levels. By contrast, administration of the A2a-R antagonist SCH resulted in a decrease in the NF-kB levels. Taken together, these results indicate that, co-administration of A2a agonist (CGS) can protect against MDMA neurotoxic effects by increasing NF-kB expression levels; suggesting a potential application for protection against the neurotoxic effects observed in MDMA users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kermanian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Anti-inflammatory and vasoprotective activity of a retroviral-derived peptide, homologous to human endogenous retroviruses: endothelial cell effects. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52693. [PMID: 23285152 PMCID: PMC3527569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant and inflammatory tissues sometimes express endogenous retroviruses or their proteins. A highly-conserved sequence from retroviral transmembrane (TM) proteins, termed the “immunosuppressive domain (ID)”, is associated with inhibition of immune and inflammatory functions. An octadecapeptide (MN10021) from the ID of retroviral TM protein p15E inhibits in vitro release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases synthesis of anti-inflammatory IL-10. We sought to determine if MN10021 has significant in vivo effects. MN10021, prepared by solid-phase synthesis, was dimerized through a naturally-occurring, carboxy-terminal cysteine. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was determined using a murine model of sodium periodate (NaIO4)-induced peritonitis. In vivo vasoprotective effects were determined using: (1) a carrageenan-induced model of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in mice; (2) a reverse passive Arthus model in guinea pigs; and (3) vasoregulatory effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In vitro studies included: (1) binding/uptake of MN10021 using human monocytes, cultured fibroblasts, and vascular endothelial cells (VEC); (2) gene expression by RT-PCR of MN10021-treated VEC; and (3) apoptosis of MN10021-treated VEC exposed to staurosporine or TNF-α. One-tenth nmol MN10021 inhibits 50 percent of the inflammatory response in the mouse peritonitis model. Furthermore, 73 nmol MN10021 completely protects mice in a lethal model of carrageenan-induced DIC and inhibits vascular leak in both the mouse DIC model and a guinea pig reverse passive Arthus reaction. MN10021 binds to and is taken up in a specific manner by both human monocytes and VEC but not by cultured human fibroblasts. Surprisingly, orally-administered MN10021 lowers blood pressure in SHR rats by 10–15% within 1 h suggesting a direct or indirect effect on the vascular endothelium. MN10021 and derived octapeptides induce iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) mRNA in VEC and nitrate in VEC cell culture supernatants and protect VEC from induced apoptosis or necrosis. However, pretreatment of VEC with nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), while inhibiting the release of nitrate, does not block the anti-apoptotic effect of MN10021 and derived octapeptides suggesting that their potent vasoprotective and anti-inflammatory activity is not nitric oxide dependent.
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Kang LI, Mars WM, Michalopoulos GK. Signals and cells involved in regulating liver regeneration. Cells 2012; 1:1261-92. [PMID: 24710554 PMCID: PMC3901148 DOI: 10.3390/cells1041261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a complex phenomenon aimed at maintaining a constant liver mass in the event of injury resulting in loss of hepatic parenchyma. Partial hepatectomy is followed by a series of events involving multiple signaling pathways controlled by mitogenic growth factors (HGF, EGF) and their receptors (MET and EGFR). In addition multiple cytokines and other signaling molecules contribute to the orchestration of a signal which drives hepatocytes into DNA synthesis. The other cell types of the liver receive and transmit to hepatocytes complex signals so that, in the end of the regenerative process, complete hepatic tissue is assembled and regeneration is terminated at the proper time and at the right liver size. If hepatocytes fail to participate in this process, the biliary compartment is mobilized to generate populations of progenitor cells which transdifferentiate into hepatocytes and restore liver size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-I Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Wendy M Mars
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Sancho-Martínez SM, Prieto-García L, Prieto M, López-Novoa JM, López-Hernández FJ. Subcellular targets of cisplatin cytotoxicity: An integrated view. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 136:35-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Liu Q, Rehman H, Krishnasamy Y, Ramshesh VK, Theruvath TP, Chavin KD, Schnellmann RG, Lemasters JJ, Zhong Z. Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in mitochondrial depolarization and graft injury after transplantation of fatty livers. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:250-9. [PMID: 22609250 PMCID: PMC3392495 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in failure of ethanol-induced fatty liver grafts. Rat livers were explanted 20 h after gavaging with ethanol (5 g/kg) and storing in UW solution for 24h before implantation. Hepatic oil red O staining-positive areas increased from ∼2 to ∼33% after ethanol treatment, indicating steatosis. iNOS expression increased ∼8-fold after transplantation of lean grafts (LG) and 25-fold in fatty grafts (FG). Alanine aminotransferase release, total bilirubin, hepatic necrosis, TUNEL-positive cells, and cleaved caspase-3 were higher in FG than LG. A specific iNOS inhibitor 1400W (5 μM in the cold-storage solution) blunted these alterations by >42% and increased survival of fatty grafts from 25 to 88%. Serum nitrite/nitrate and hepatic nitrotyrosine adducts increased to a greater extent after transplantation of FG than LG, indicating reactive nitrogen species (RNS) overproduction. Phospho-c-Jun and phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1/2 (JNK1/2) were higher in FG than in LG, indicating more JNK activation in fatty grafts. RNS formation and JNK activation were blunted by 1400W. Mitochondrial polarization and cell death were visualized by intravital multiphoton microscopy of rhodamine 123 and propidium iodide, respectively. After implantation, viable cells with depolarized mitochondria were 3-fold higher in FG than in LG and 1400W decreased mitochondrial depolarization in FG to the levels of LG. Taken together, iNOS is upregulated after transplantation of FG, leading to excessive RNS formation, JNK activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and severe graft injury. The iNOS inhibitor 1400W could be an effective therapy for primary nonfunction of fatty liver grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinlong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hasibur Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Yasodha Krishnasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Venkat K. Ramshesh
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Tom P. Theruvath
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Chavin
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Rick G. Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
| | - John J. Lemasters
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Zhi Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Therapeutic treatment with ethyl pyruvate attenuates the severity of liver injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2012; 41:729-37. [PMID: 22699144 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e31823cd3ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of ethyl pyruvate (EP) in ameliorating liver injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and its possible mechanism. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into control group, SAP group, and EP-treated group. Then, the tissue specimens were harvested for morphological studies, immunohistochemistry examination, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. The DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor κB was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The concentrations of serum amylase, alanine aminotransferase, and pancreatic tissue malondialdehyde and the activity of myeloperoxidase in the liver were determined. RESULTS Treatment with EP after SAP was associated with a reduction in the severity of SAP and liver injury. Treatment with EP significantly decreased the hepatic mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β and ameliorated the activity of myeloperoxidase in the liver in SAP rats. Compared with the SAP group, treatment with EP significantly decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells and markedly inhibited hepatic nuclear factor κB DNA binding; EP therapy dramatically inhibited high-mobility group box 1 expression from inflamed hepatic tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that EP might play a therapeutic role in liver inflammation in this SAP model, and these beneficial effects of EP are because of the modulation of high-mobility group box 1 and other inflammatory cytokine responses.
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