1
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Chen C, Jiang YP, You I, Gray NS, Lin RZ. Down-Regulation of AKT Proteins Slows the Growth of Mutant-KRAS Pancreatic Tumors. Cells 2024; 13:1061. [PMID: 38920688 PMCID: PMC11202146 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Serine/threonine kinase AKT isoforms play a well-established role in cell metabolism and growth. Most pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDACs) harbor activation mutations of KRAS, which activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. However, AKT inhibitors are not effective in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. To better understand the role of AKT signaling in mutant-KRAS pancreatic tumors, this study utilized proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and CRISPR-Cas9-genome editing to investigate AKT proteins. The PROTAC down-regulation of AKT proteins markedly slowed the growth of three pancreatic tumor cell lines harboring mutant KRAS. In contrast, the inhibition of AKT kinase activity alone had very little effect on the growth of these cell lines. The concurrent genetic deletion of all AKT isoforms (AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3) in the KPC (KrasG12D; Trp53R172H; Pdx1-Cre) pancreatic cancer cell line also dramatically slowed its growth in vitro and when orthotopically implanted in syngeneic mice. Surprisingly, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), but not epidermal growth factor (EGF), restored KPC cell growth in serum-deprived conditions, and the IGF-1 growth stimulation effect was AKT-dependent. The RNA-seq analysis of AKT1/2/3-deficient KPC cells suggested that reduced cholesterol synthesis may be responsible for the decreased response to IGF-1 stimulation. These results indicate that the presence of all three AKT isoforms supports pancreatic tumor cell growth, and the pharmacological degradation of AKT proteins may be more effective than AKT catalytic inhibitors for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuankai Chen
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (C.C.); (Y.-P.J.)
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
| | - Ya-Ping Jiang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (C.C.); (Y.-P.J.)
| | - Inchul You
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, ChEM-H, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (I.Y.); (N.S.G.)
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, ChEM-H, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (I.Y.); (N.S.G.)
| | - Richard Z. Lin
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (C.C.); (Y.-P.J.)
- Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA
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2
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Nikolaou S, Juin A, Whitelaw JA, Paul NR, Fort L, Nixon C, Spence HJ, Bryson S, Machesky LM. CYRI-B-mediated macropinocytosis drives metastasis via lysophosphatidic acid receptor uptake. eLife 2024; 13:e83712. [PMID: 38712822 PMCID: PMC11219039 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma carries a dismal prognosis, with high rates of metastasis and few treatment options. Hyperactivation of KRAS in almost all tumours drives RAC1 activation, conferring enhanced migratory and proliferative capacity as well as macropinocytosis. Macropinocytosis is well understood as a nutrient scavenging mechanism, but little is known about its functions in trafficking of signalling receptors. We find that CYRI-B is highly expressed in pancreatic tumours in a mouse model of KRAS and p53-driven pancreatic cancer. Deletion of Cyrib (the gene encoding CYRI-B protein) accelerates tumourigenesis, leading to enhanced ERK and JNK-induced proliferation in precancerous lesions, indicating a potential role as a buffer of RAC1 hyperactivation in early stages. However, as disease progresses, loss of CYRI-B inhibits metastasis. CYRI-B depleted tumour cells show reduced chemotactic responses to lysophosphatidic acid, a major driver of tumour spread, due to impaired macropinocytic uptake of the lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1. Overall, we implicate CYRI-B as a mediator of growth and signalling in pancreatic cancer, providing new insights into pathways controlling metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvas Nikolaou
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Amelie Juin
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Jamie A Whitelaw
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Nikki R Paul
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Loic Fort
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Colin Nixon
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Heather J Spence
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Sheila Bryson
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura M Machesky
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
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3
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Chen C, Jiang YP, You I, Gray NS, Lin RZ. Down-regulation of AKT proteins slows the growth of mutant-KRAS pancreatic tumors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.03.592345. [PMID: 38746217 PMCID: PMC11092743 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.592345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Serine/threonine kinase AKT isoforms play a well-established role in cell metabolism and growth. Most pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) harbors activation mutations of KRAS, which activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. However, AKT inhibitors are not effective in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. To better understand the role of AKT signaling in mutant-KRAS pancreatic tumors, this study utilizes proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and CRISPR-Cas9-genome editing to investigate AKT proteins. PROTAC down-regulation of AKT proteins markedly slowed the growth of three pancreatic tumor cell lines harboring mutant KRAS. In contrast, inhibition of AKT kinase activity alone had very little effect on the growth of these cell lines. Concurrent genetic deletion of all AKT isoforms (AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3) in the KPC (KrasG12D; Trp53R172H; Pdx1-Cre) pancreatic cancer cell line also dramatically slowed its growth in vitro and when orthotopically implanted in syngeneic mice. Surprisingly, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), but not epidermal growth factor (EGF), restored KPC cell growth in serum-deprived conditions and the IGF-1 growth stimulation effect was AKT dependent. RNA-seq analysis of AKT1/2/3-deficient KPC cells suggested that reduced cholesterol synthesis may be responsible for the decreased response to IGF-1 stimulation. These results indicate that the presence of all three AKT isoforms supports pancreatic tumor cell growth and pharmacological degradation of AKT proteins may be more effective than AKT catalytic inhibitors for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuankai Chen
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, New York, USA
| | - Ya-Ping Jiang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Inchul You
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, ChEM-H, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, ChEM-H, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Richard Z. Lin
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
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4
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Salas-Escabillas DJ, Hoffman MT, Moore JS, Brender SM, Wen HJ, Benitz S, Davis ET, Long D, Wombwell AM, Steele NG, Sears RC, Matsumoto I, DelGiorno KE, Crawford HC. Tuft cells transdifferentiate to neural-like progenitor cells in the progression of pancreatic cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.12.579982. [PMID: 38405804 PMCID: PMC10888969 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.579982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is partly initiated through the transdifferentiation of acinar cells to metaplastic ducts that act as precursors of neoplasia and cancer. Tuft cells are solitary chemosensory cells not found in the normal pancreas but arise in metaplasia and neoplasia, diminishing as neoplastic lesions progress to carcinoma. Metaplastic tuft cells (mTCs) function to suppress tumor progression through communication with the tumor microenvironment, but their fate during progression is unknown. To determine the fate of mTCs during PDA progression, we have created a lineage tracing model that uses a tamoxifen-inducible tuft-cell specific Pou2f3CreERT/+ driver to induce transgene expression, including the lineage tracer tdTomato or the oncogene Myc. mTC lineage trace models of pancreatic neoplasia and carcinoma were used to follow mTC fate. We found that mTCs, in the carcinoma model, transdifferentiate into neural-like progenitor cells (NRPs), a cell type associated with poor survival in PDA patients. Using conditional knock-out and overexpression systems, we found that Myc activity in mTCs is necessary and sufficient to induce this Tuft-to-Neuroendocrine-Transition (TNT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Salas-Escabillas
- Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI
| | - Megan T. Hoffman
- Department of Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Hui-Ju Wen
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI
| | - Simone Benitz
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Dan Long
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | - Rosalie C. Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Kathleen E. DelGiorno
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Howard C. Crawford
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI
- Cancer Biology Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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5
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Uddin MH, Zhang D, Muqbil I, El-Rayes BF, Chen H, Philip PA, Azmi AS. Deciphering cellular plasticity in pancreatic cancer for effective treatments. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:393-408. [PMID: 38194153 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Cellular plasticity and therapy resistance are critical features of pancreatic cancer, a highly aggressive and fatal disease. The pancreas, a vital organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones, is often affected by two main types of cancer: the pre-dominant ductal adenocarcinoma and the less common neuroendocrine tumors. These cancers are difficult to treat due to their complex biology characterized by cellular plasticity leading to therapy resistance. Cellular plasticity refers to the capability of cancer cells to change and adapt to different microenvironments within the body which includes acinar-ductal metaplasia, epithelial to mesenchymal/epigenetic/metabolic plasticity, as well as stemness. This plasticity allows heterogeneity of cancer cells, metastasis, and evasion of host's immune system and develops resistance to radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. To overcome this resistance, extensive research is ongoing exploring the intrinsic and extrinsic factors through cellular reprogramming, chemosensitization, targeting metabolic, key survival pathways, etc. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms of cellular plasticity involving cellular adaptation and tumor microenvironment and provided a comprehensive understanding of its role in therapy resistance and ways to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Hafiz Uddin
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R, HWCRC 740, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Dingqiang Zhang
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lawrence Technological University, 21000 W 10 Mile Rd, Southfield, MI, 48075, USA
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lawrence Technological University, 21000 W 10 Mile Rd, Southfield, MI, 48075, USA
| | - Bassel F El-Rayes
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R, HWCRC 740, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R, HWCRC 740, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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6
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Han HV, Efem R, Rosati B, Lu K, Maimouni S, Jiang YP, Montoya V, Van Der Velden A, Zong WX, Lin RZ. Propionyl-CoA carboxylase subunit B regulates anti-tumor T cells in a pancreatic cancer mouse model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.24.550301. [PMID: 37546948 PMCID: PMC10402106 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.24.550301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Most human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are not infiltrated with cytotoxic T cells and are highly resistant to immunotherapy. Over 90% of PDAC have oncogenic KRAS mutations, and phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are direct effectors of KRAS. Our previous study demonstrated that ablation of Pik3ca in KPC (KrasG12D; Trp53R172H; Pdx1-Cre) pancreatic cancer cells induced host T cells to infiltrate and completely eliminate the tumors in a syngeneic orthotopic implantation mouse model. Now, we show that implantation of Pik3ca-/- KPC (named αKO) cancer cells induces clonal expansion of cytotoxic T cells infiltrating the pancreatic tumors. To identify potential molecules that can regulate the activity of these anti-tumor T cells, we conducted an in vivo genome-wide gene-deletion screen using αKO cells implanted in the mouse pancreas. The result shows that deletion of propionyl-CoA carboxylase subunit B gene (Pccb) in αKO cells (named p-αKO) leads to immune evasion, tumor progression and death of host mice. Surprisingly, p-αKO tumors are still infiltrated with clonally expanded CD8+ T cells but they are inactive against tumor cells. However, blockade of PD-L1/PD1 interaction reactivated these clonally expanded T cells infiltrating p-αKO tumors, leading to slower tumor progression and improve survival of host mice. These results indicate that Pccb can modulate the activity of cytotoxic T cells infiltrating some pancreatic cancers and this understanding may lead to improvement in immunotherapy for this difficult-to-treat cancer.
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7
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Wei D, Wang L, Zuo X, Maitra A, Bresalier RS. A Small Molecule with Big Impact: MRTX1133 Targets the KRASG12D Mutation in Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:655-662. [PMID: 37831007 PMCID: PMC10922474 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
KRAS mutations drive oncogenic alterations in numerous cancers, particularly in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). About 93% of PDACs have KRAS mutations, with G12D (∼42% of cases) and G12V (∼32% of cases) being the most common. The recent approval of sotorasib (AMG510), a small-molecule, covalent, and selective KRASG12C inhibitor, for treating patients with non-small cell lung cancer represents a breakthrough in KRAS targeted therapy. However, there is a need to develop other much-needed KRAS-mutant inhibitors for PDAC therapy. Notably, Mirati Therapeutics recently developed MRTX1133, a small-molecule, noncovalent, and selective KRASG12D inhibitor through extensive structure-based drug design. MRTX1133 has demonstrated potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy against KRASG12D-mutant cancer cells, especially in PDAC, leading to its recent initiation of a phase I/II clinical trial. Here, we provide a summary of the recent advancements related to the use of MRTX1133 for treating KRASG12D-mutant PDAC, focusing on its efficacy and underlying mechanistic actions. In addition, we discuss potential challenges and future directions for MRTX1133 therapy for PDAC, including overcoming intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, developing effective combination therapies, and improving MRTX1133's oral bioavailability and target spectrum. The promising results obtained from preclinical studies suggest that MRTX1133 could revolutionize the treatment of PDAC, bringing about a paradigm shift in its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Xiangsheng Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Robert S. Bresalier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
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8
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Hu J, Fu S, Zhan Z, Zhang J. Advancements in dual-target inhibitors of PI3K for tumor therapy: Clinical progress, development strategies, prospects. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116109. [PMID: 38183777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) modify lipids by the phosphorylation of inositol phospholipids at the 3'-OH position, thereby participating in signal transduction and exerting effects on various physiological processes such as cell growth, metabolism, and organism development. PI3K activation also drives cancer cell growth, survival, and metabolism, with genetic dysregulation of this pathway observed in diverse human cancers. Therefore, this target is considered a promising potential therapeutic target for various types of cancer. Currently, several selective PI3K inhibitors and one dual-target PI3K inhibitor have been approved and launched on the market. However, the majority of these inhibitors have faced revocation or voluntary withdrawal of indications due to concerns regarding their adverse effects. This article provides a comprehensive review of the structure and biological functions, and clinical status of PI3K inhibitors, with a specific emphasis on the development strategies and structure-activity relationships of dual-target PI3K inhibitors. The findings offer valuable insights and future directions for the development of highly promising dual-target drugs targeting PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Hu
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyu Fu
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zixuan Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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9
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Paul I, Bolzan D, Youssef A, Gagnon KA, Hook H, Karemore G, Oliphant MUJ, Lin W, Liu Q, Phanse S, White C, Padhorny D, Kotelnikov S, Chen CS, Hu P, Denis GV, Kozakov D, Raught B, Siggers T, Wuchty S, Muthuswamy SK, Emili A. Parallelized multidimensional analytic framework applied to mammary epithelial cells uncovers regulatory principles in EMT. Nat Commun 2023; 14:688. [PMID: 36755019 PMCID: PMC9908882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A proper understanding of disease etiology will require longitudinal systems-scale reconstruction of the multitiered architecture of eukaryotic signaling. Here we combine state-of-the-art data acquisition platforms and bioinformatics tools to devise PAMAF, a workflow that simultaneously examines twelve omics modalities, i.e., protein abundance from whole-cells, nucleus, exosomes, secretome and membrane; N-glycosylation, phosphorylation; metabolites; mRNA, miRNA; and, in parallel, single-cell transcriptomes. We apply PAMAF in an established in vitro model of TGFβ-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) to quantify >61,000 molecules from 12 omics and 10 timepoints over 12 days. Bioinformatics analysis of this EMT-ExMap resource allowed us to identify; -topological coupling between omics, -four distinct cell states during EMT, -omics-specific kinetic paths, -stage-specific multi-omics characteristics, -distinct regulatory classes of genes, -ligand-receptor mediated intercellular crosstalk by integrating scRNAseq and subcellular proteomics, and -combinatorial drug targets (e.g., Hedgehog signaling and CAMK-II) to inhibit EMT, which we validate using a 3D mammary duct-on-a-chip platform. Overall, this study provides a resource on TGFβ signaling and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, 71 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Dante Bolzan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Miami, 1356 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Ahmed Youssef
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Keith A Gagnon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Heather Hook
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, 610 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Gopal Karemore
- Advanced Analytics, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Michael U J Oliphant
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, 71 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Sadhna Phanse
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, 71 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Carl White
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, 71 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Dzmitry Padhorny
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, 11794, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Sergei Kotelnikov
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, 11794, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Christopher S Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pingzhao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Gerald V Denis
- Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University, Boston University, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Dima Kozakov
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, 11794, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Brian Raught
- Discovery Tower (TMDT), 101 College St, Rm. 9-701A, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Trevor Siggers
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, 610 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Stefan Wuchty
- Department of Computer Science, University of Miami, 1356 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Senthil K Muthuswamy
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Emili
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, 71 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Biology, Charles River Campus, Boston University, Life Science & Engineering (LSEB-602), 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA.
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10
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Ge Y, Sun F, Zhao B, Kong F, Li Z, Kong X. Bacteria derived extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumours. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1103446. [PMID: 36776356 PMCID: PMC9910087 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are fundamentally significant in the communication between cells. Outer Membrane Vesicles(OMVs) are a special kind of EVs produced by Gram-negative bacteria, which are minute exosome-like particles budding from the outer membrane, which have been found to play essential roles in diverse bacterial life events, including regulation of microbial interactions, pathogenesis promotion, stress responses and biofilm formation. Recently, and more researches have explored the substantial potentials of EVs as natural functional nanoparticles in the bioengineering applications in infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and neurological diseases, such as antibacterial therapy, cancer drugs and immunoadjuvants, with several candidates in clinical trials showing promising efficacy. However, due to the poor understanding of sources, membrane structures and biogenesis mechanisms of EVs, progress in clinical applications still remains timid. In this review, we summarize the latest findings of EVs, especially in gastrointestinal tract tumours, to provide a comprehensive introduction of EVs in tumorigenesis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ge
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengyuan Sun
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanyang Kong
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xiangyu Kong, ; Zhaoshen Li, ; Fanyang Kong,
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xiangyu Kong, ; Zhaoshen Li, ; Fanyang Kong,
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China,National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xiangyu Kong, ; Zhaoshen Li, ; Fanyang Kong,
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11
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Liu YH, Hu CM, Hsu YS, Lee WH. Interplays of glucose metabolism and KRAS mutation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:817. [PMID: 36151074 PMCID: PMC9508091 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive and deadliest cancer worldwide. The primary reasons for this are the lack of early detection methods and targeted therapy. Emerging evidence highlights the metabolic addiction of cancer cells as a potential target to combat PDAC. Oncogenic mutations of KRAS are the most common triggers that drive glucose uptake and utilization via metabolic reprogramming to support PDAC growth. Conversely, high glucose levels in the pancreatic microenvironment trigger genome instability and de novo mutations, including KRASG12D, in pancreatic cells through metabolic reprogramming. Here, we review convergent and diverse metabolic networks related to oncogenic KRAS mutations between PDAC initiation and progression, emphasizing the interplay among oncogenic mutations, glucose metabolic reprogramming, and the tumor microenvironment. Recognizing cancer-related glucose metabolism will provide a better strategy to prevent and treat the high risk PDAC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huei Liu
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.411508.90000 0004 0572 9415Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Mei Hu
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Sheng Hsu
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hwa Lee
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
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12
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Xu W, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Xu J, Jiang Y. PIK3CB promotes oesophageal cancer proliferation through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling axis. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1399-1408. [PMID: 35842767 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PIK3CB is abnormally expressed in various carcinomas and affects the proliferation, invasion and drug resistance of cancer cells. However, its role in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still unclear. In this study, PIK3CB was found to be highly expressed in ESCC tissues and cells and positively correlated with the poor prognosis of ESCC. Silencing PIK3CB inhibited the proliferation of ESCC cells, arrested the cell cycle, and promoted apoptosis. Mechanistic studies showed that the tumour-promoting effect of PIK3CB was achieved through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway activation. Moreover, the high PIK3CB expression level in ESCC may be closely associated with the hypomethylation status of the gene promoter. In conclusion, PIK3CB promotes ESCC by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling axis. PIK3CB may be a potential target in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuequan Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
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13
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Jiang T, Wei F, Xie K. Clinical significance of pancreatic ductal metaplasia. J Pathol 2022; 257:125-139. [PMID: 35170758 DOI: 10.1002/path.5883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal metaplasia (PDM) is the stepwise replacement of differentiated somatic cells with ductal or ductal-like cells in the pancreas. PDM is usually triggered by cellular and environmental insults. PDM development may involve all cell lineages of the pancreas, and acinar cells with the highest plasticity are the major source of PDM. Pancreatic progenitor cells are also involved as cells of origin or transitional intermediates. PDM is heterogeneous at the histological, cellular, and molecular levels and only certain subsets of PDM develop further into pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and then pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The formation and evolution of PDM is regulated at the cellular and molecular levels through a complex network of signaling pathways. The key molecular mechanisms that drive PDM formation and its progression into PanIN/PDAC remain unclear, but represent key targets for reversing or inhibiting PDM. Alternatively, PDM could be a source of pancreas regeneration, including both exocrine and endocrine components. Cellular aging and apoptosis are obstacles to PDM-to-PanIN progression or pancreas regeneration. Functional identification of the cellular and molecular events driving senescence and apoptosis in PDM and its progression would help not only to restrict the development of PDM into PanIN/PDAC, but may also facilitate pancreatic regeneration. This review systematically assesses recent advances in the understanding of PDM physiology and pathology, with a focus on its implications for enhancing regeneration and prevention of cancer. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jiang
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Pathology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fang Wei
- Institute of Digestive Diseases Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Pathology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
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14
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Doocey CM, Finn K, Murphy C, Guinane CM. The impact of the human microbiome in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and biotherapeutic development. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:53. [PMID: 35151278 PMCID: PMC8840051 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cancer impacts millions of lives globally each year, with approximately 10 million cancer-related deaths recorded worldwide in 2020. Mounting research has recognised the human microbiome as a key area of interest in the pathophysiology of various human diseases including cancer tumorigenesis, progression and in disease outcome. It is suggested that approximately 20% of human cancers may be linked to microbes. Certain residents of the human microbiome have been identified as potentially playing a role, including: Helicobacter pylori, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis and Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Main body
In this review, we explore the current evidence that indicate a link between the human microbiome and cancer. Microbiome compositional changes have been well documented in cancer patients. Furthermore, pathogenic microbes harbouring specific virulence factors have been implicated in driving the carcinogenic activity of various malignancies including colorectal, gastric and pancreatic cancer. The associated genetic mechanisms with possible roles in cancer will be outlined. It will be indicated which microbes have a potential direct link with cancer cell proliferation, tumorigenesis and disease progression. Recent studies have also linked certain microbial cytotoxins and probiotic strains to cancer cell death, suggesting their potential to target the tumour microenvironment given that cancer cells are integral to its composition. Studies pertaining to such cytotoxic activity have suggested the benefit of microbial therapies in oncological treatment regimes. It is also apparent that bacterial pathogenic protein products encoded for by certain loci may have potential as oncogenic therapeutic targets given their possible role in tumorigenesis.
Conclusion
Research investigating the impact of the human microbiome in cancer has recently gathered pace. Vast amounts of evidence indicate the human microbiome as a potential player in tumorigenesis and progression. Promise in the development of cancer biomarkers and in targeted oncological therapies has also been demonstrated, although more studies are needed. Despite extensive in vitro and in vivo research, clinical studies involving large cohorts of human patients are lacking. The current literature suggests that further intensive research is necessary to validate both the role of the human microbiome in cancer, and the use of microbiome modification in cancer therapy.
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15
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Inman KS, Liu Y, Scotti Buzhardt ML, Leitges M, Krishna M, Crawford HC, Fields AP, Murray NR. Prkci Regulates Autophagy and Pancreatic Tumorigenesis in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:796. [PMID: 35159064 PMCID: PMC8834021 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C iota (PKCι) functions as a bonafide human oncogene in lung and ovarian cancer and is required for KrasG12D-mediated lung cancer initiation and progression. PKCι expression is required for pancreatic cancer cell growth and maintenance of the transformed phenotype; however, nothing is known about the role of PKCι in pancreas development or pancreatic tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the effect of pancreas-specific ablation of PKCι expression on pancreatic cellular homeostasis, susceptibility to pancreatitis, and KrasG12D-mediated pancreatic cancer development. Knockout of pancreatic Prkci significantly increased pancreatic immune cell infiltration, acinar cell DNA damage, and apoptosis, but reduced sensitivity to caerulein-induced pancreatitis. Prkci-ablated pancreatic acinar cells exhibited P62 aggregation and a loss of autophagic vesicles. Loss of pancreatic Prkci promoted KrasG12D-mediated pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia formation but blocked progression to adenocarcinoma, consistent with disruption of autophagy. Our results reveal a novel promotive role for PKCι in pancreatic epithelial cell autophagy and pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin S. Inman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (K.S.I.); (Y.L.); (M.L.S.B.); (H.C.C.); (A.P.F.)
- Environmental Health Perspectives/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (K.S.I.); (Y.L.); (M.L.S.B.); (H.C.C.); (A.P.F.)
| | - Michele L. Scotti Buzhardt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (K.S.I.); (Y.L.); (M.L.S.B.); (H.C.C.); (A.P.F.)
- Neogenomics Laboratories, Clinical Division, Charlotte, NC 28104, USA
| | - Michael Leitges
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL A1M 2V7, Canada;
| | - Murli Krishna
- Department of Pathology/Lab Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Howard C. Crawford
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (K.S.I.); (Y.L.); (M.L.S.B.); (H.C.C.); (A.P.F.)
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Pancreatic Cancer Center, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Alan P. Fields
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (K.S.I.); (Y.L.); (M.L.S.B.); (H.C.C.); (A.P.F.)
| | - Nicole R. Murray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (K.S.I.); (Y.L.); (M.L.S.B.); (H.C.C.); (A.P.F.)
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16
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Burge RA, Hobbs GA. Not all RAS mutations are equal: A detailed review of the functional diversity of RAS hot spot mutations. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 153:29-61. [PMID: 35101234 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The RAS family of small GTPases are among the most frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancer. Approximately 20% of cancers harbor a RAS mutation, and >150 different missense mutations have been detected. Many of these mutations have mutant-specific biochemical defects that alter nucleotide binding and hydrolysis, effector interactions and cell signaling, prompting renewed efforts in the development of anti-RAS therapies, including the mutation-specific strategies. Previously viewed as undruggable, the recent FDA approval of a KRASG12C-selective inhibitor has offered real promise to the development of allele-specific RAS therapies. A broader understanding of the mutational consequences on RAS function must be developed to exploit additional allele-specific vulnerabilities. Approximately 94% of RAS mutations occur at one of three mutational "hot spots" at Gly12, Gly13 and Gln61. Further, the single-nucleotide substitutions represent >99% of these mutations. Within this scope, we discuss the mutational frequencies of RAS isoforms in cancer, mutant-specific effector interactions and biochemical properties. By limiting our analysis to this mutational subset, we simplify the analysis while only excluding a small percentage of total mutations. Combined, these data suggest that the presence or absence of select RAS mutations in human cancers can be linked to their biochemical properties. Continuing to examine the biochemical differences in each RAS-mutant protein will continue to provide additional breakthroughs in allele-specific therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Burge
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - G Aaron Hobbs
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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17
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Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a critical route of nutrient acquisition in pancreatic cancer cells. Constitutive macropinocytosis is promoted by mutant KRAS, which activates the PI3Kα lipid kinase and RAC1, to drive membrane ruffling, macropinosome uptake and processing. However, our recent study on the KRASG12R mutant indicated the presence of a KRAS-independent mode of macropinocytosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines, thereby increasing the complexity of this process. We found that KRASG12R-mutant cell lines promote macropinocytosis independent of KRAS activity using PI3Kγ and RAC1, highlighting the convergence of regulation on RAC signaling. While macropinocytosis has been proposed to be a therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, our studies have underscored how little we understand about the activation and regulation of this metabolic process. Therefore, this review seeks to highlight the differences in macropinocytosis regulation in the two cellular subtypes while also highlighting the features that make the KRASG12R mutant atypical.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Aaron Hobbs
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Channing J Der
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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18
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Seshacharyulu P, Halder S, Nimmakayala R, Rachagani S, Chaudhary S, Atri P, Chirravuri-Venkata R, Ouellette MM, Carmicheal J, Gautam SK, Vengoji R, Wang S, Li S, Smith L, Talmon GA, Klute K, Ly Q, Reames BN, Grem JL, Berim L, Padussis JC, Kaur S, Kumar S, Ponnusamy MP, Jain M, Lin C, Batra SK. Disruption of FDPS/Rac1 axis radiosensitizes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by attenuating DNA damage response and immunosuppressive signalling. EBioMedicine 2021; 75:103772. [PMID: 34971971 PMCID: PMC8718746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation therapy (RT) has a suboptimal effect in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) due to intrinsic and acquired radioresistance (RR). Comprehensive bioinformatics and microarray analysis revealed that cholesterol biosynthesis (CBS) is involved in the RR of PDAC. We now tested the inhibition of the CBS pathway enzyme, farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), by zoledronic acid (Zol) to enhance radiation and activate immune cells. Methods We investigated the role of FDPS in PDAC RR using the following methods: in vitro cell-based assay, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, immunoblot, cell-based cholesterol assay, RNA sequencing, tumouroids (KPC-murine and PDAC patient-derived), orthotopic models, and PDAC patient's clinical study. Findings FDPS overexpression in PDAC tissues and cells (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) is associated with poor RT response and survival (P = 0.024). CRISPR/Cas9 and pharmacological inhibition (Zol) of FDPS in human and mouse syngeneic PDAC cells in conjunction with RT conferred higher PDAC radiosensitivity in vitro (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001) and in vivo (P < 0.05). Interestingly, murine (P = 0.01) and human (P = 0.0159) tumouroids treated with Zol+RT showed a significant growth reduction. Mechanistically, RNA-Seq analysis of the PDAC xenografts and patients-PBMCs revealed that Zol exerts radiosensitization by affecting Rac1 and Rho prenylation, thereby modulating DNA damage and radiation response signalling along with improved systemic immune cells activation. An ongoing phase I/II trial (NCT03073785) showed improved failure-free survival (FFS), enhanced immune cell activation, and decreased microenvironment-related genes upon Zol+RT treatment. Interpretation Our findings suggest that FDPS is a novel radiosensitization target for PDAC therapy. This study also provides a rationale to utilize Zol as a potential radiosensitizer and as an immunomodulator in PDAC and other cancers. Funding National Institutes of Health (P50, P01, and R01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Sushanta Halder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sanjib Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Ramakanth Chirravuri-Venkata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Michel M Ouellette
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Joseph Carmicheal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6861, USA
| | - Sicong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6861, USA
| | - Lynette Smith
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kelsey Klute
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Quan Ly
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bradley N Reames
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jean L Grem
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lyudmyla Berim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - James C Padussis
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Chi Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6861, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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19
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Schmidtlein PM, Volz C, Hackel A, Thürling I, Castven D, Braun R, Wellner UF, Konukiewitz B, Riemekasten G, Lehnert H, Marquardt JU, Ungefroren H. Activation of a Ductal-to-Endocrine Transdifferentiation Transcriptional Program in the Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line PANC-1 Is Controlled by RAC1 and RAC1b through Antagonistic Regulation of Stemness Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215541. [PMID: 34771704 PMCID: PMC8583136 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) there is currently no cure; hence, novel effective therapies are desperately needed. Among PDAC patients, the tumor cell phenotypes are heterogeneous as a result of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, a process that endows them with the ability to metastasize, resist therapy, and generate cancer stem cells. The heightened plasticity of quasimesenchymal and potentially metastatic tumor cells may, however, also be exploited for their transdifferentiation into benign, highly differentiated or post-mitotic cells. Since PDAC patients often have a need for replacement of insulin-producing cells, conversion of tumor cells with a ductal/exocrine origin to endocrine β cell-like cells is an attractive therapeutic option. Successful transdifferentiation into insulin-producing cells has been reported for the quasimesenchymal cell line PANC-1; however, the mechanistic basis of this transformation process is unknown. Here, we show that the small GTPases, RAC1 and RAC1b control this process by antagonistic regulation of stemness genes. Abstract Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a driving force for tumor growth, metastatic spread, therapy resistance, and the generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the regained stem cell character may also be exploited for therapeutic conversion of aggressive tumor cells to benign, highly differentiated cells. The PDAC-derived quasimesenchymal-type cell lines PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 have been successfully transdifferentiated to endocrine precursors or insulin-producing cells; however, the underlying mechanism of this increased plasticity remains elusive. Given its crucial role in normal pancreatic endocrine development and tumor progression, both of which involve EMT, we analyzed here the role of the small GTPase RAC1. Ectopic expression in PANC-1 cells of dominant negative or constitutively active mutants of RAC1 activation blocked or enhanced, respectively, the cytokine-induced activation of a ductal-to-endocrine transdifferentiation transcriptional program (deTDtP) as revealed by induction of the NEUROG3, INS, SLC2A2, and MAFA genes. Conversely, ectopic expression of RAC1b, a RAC1 splice isoform and functional antagonist of RAC1-driven EMT, decreased the deTDtP, while genetic knockout of RAC1b dramatically increased it. We further show that inhibition of RAC1 activation attenuated pluripotency marker expression and self-renewal ability, while depletion of RAC1b dramatically enhanced stemness features and clonogenic potential. Finally, rescue experiments involving pharmacological or RNA interference-mediated inhibition of RAC1 or RAC1b, respectively, confirmed that both RAC1 isoforms control the deTDtP in an opposite manner. We conclude that RAC1 and RAC1b antagonistically control growth factor-induced activation of an endocrine transcriptional program and the generation of CSCs in quasimesenchymal PDAC cells. Our results have clinical implications for PDAC patients, who in addition to eradication of tumor cells have a need for replacement of insulin-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Marie Schmidtlein
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; (P.M.S.); (C.V.); (I.T.); (D.C.); (J.-U.M.)
| | - Clara Volz
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; (P.M.S.); (C.V.); (I.T.); (D.C.); (J.-U.M.)
| | - Alexander Hackel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; (A.H.); (G.R.)
| | - Isabel Thürling
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; (P.M.S.); (C.V.); (I.T.); (D.C.); (J.-U.M.)
| | - Darko Castven
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; (P.M.S.); (C.V.); (I.T.); (D.C.); (J.-U.M.)
| | - Rüdiger Braun
- Clinic for Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; (R.B.); (U.F.W.)
| | - Ulrich Friedrich Wellner
- Clinic for Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; (R.B.); (U.F.W.)
| | - Björn Konukiewitz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; (A.H.); (G.R.)
| | | | - Jens-Uwe Marquardt
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; (P.M.S.); (C.V.); (I.T.); (D.C.); (J.-U.M.)
| | - Hendrik Ungefroren
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; (P.M.S.); (C.V.); (I.T.); (D.C.); (J.-U.M.)
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany;
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Correspondence:
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20
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Sankarasubramanian S, Pfohl U, Regenbrecht CRA, Reinhard C, Wedeken L. Context Matters-Why We Need to Change From a One Size Fits all Approach to Made-to-Measure Therapies for Individual Patients With Pancreatic Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:760705. [PMID: 34805167 PMCID: PMC8599957 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.760705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers and remains a major unsolved health problem. While pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with driver mutations in only four major genes (KRAS, TP53, SMAD4, and CDKN2A), every tumor differs in its molecular landscape, histology, and prognosis. It is crucial to understand and consider these differences to be able to tailor treatment regimens specific to the vulnerabilities of the individual tumor to enhance patient outcome. This review focuses on the heterogeneity of pancreatic tumor cells and how in addition to genetic alterations, the subsequent dysregulation of multiple signaling cascades at various levels, epigenetic and metabolic factors contribute to the oncogenesis of PDAC and compensate for each other in driving cancer progression if one is tackled by a therapeutic approach. This implicates that besides the need for new combinatorial therapies for PDAC, a personalized approach for treating this highly complex cancer is required. A strategy that combines both a target-based and phenotypic approach to identify an effective treatment, like Reverse Clinical Engineering® using patient-derived organoids, is discussed as a promising way forward in the field of personalized medicine to tackle this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrike Pfohl
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Bio Science, Goethe University Frankfurt Am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian R. A. Regenbrecht
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Lena Wedeken
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Li J, Wei T, Zhang J, Liang T. Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: A Review of Their Genetic Characteristics and Mouse Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215296. [PMID: 34771461 PMCID: PMC8582516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with the lowest survival rate. Little progress has been achieved in prolonging the survival for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Hence, special attention should be paid to pre-cancerous lesions, for instance, an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). Here, we reviewed its genetic characteristics and the mouse models involving mutations in specific pathways, and updated our current perception of how this lesion develops into a precursor of invasive cancer. Abstract The intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is attracting research attention because of its increasing incidence and proven potential to progress into invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this review, we summarized the key signaling pathways or protein complexes (GPCR, TGF, SWI/SNF, WNT, and PI3K) that appear to be involved in IPMN pathogenesis. In addition, we collected information regarding all the genetic mouse models that mimic the human IPMN phenotype with specific immunohistochemistry techniques. The mouse models enable us to gain insight into the complex mechanism of the origin of IPMN, revealing that it can be developed from both acinar cells and duct cells according to different models. Furthermore, recent genomic studies describe the potential mechanism by which heterogeneous IPMN gives rise to malignant carcinoma through sequential, branch-off, or de novo approaches. The most intractable problem is that the risk of malignancy persists to some extent even if the primary IPMN is excised with a perfect margin, calling for the re-evaluation and improvement of diagnostic, pre-emptive, and therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.L.); (T.W.); (J.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.L.); (T.W.); (J.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.L.); (T.W.); (J.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.L.); (T.W.); (J.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-571-87236688
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22
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Qu J, Zheng B, Ohuchida K, Feng H, Chong SJF, Zhang X, Liang R, Liu Z, Shirahane K, Mizumoto K, Gong P, Nakamura M. PIK3CB is involved in metastasis through the regulation of cell adhesion to collagen I in pancreatic cancer. J Adv Res 2021; 33:127-140. [PMID: 34603784 PMCID: PMC8463925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is an aggressive malignancy, with a major mortality resulting from the rapid progression of metastasis. Unfortunately, no effective treatment strategy has been developed for PAAD metastasis to date. Thus, unraveling the mechanisms involved in PAAD metastatic phenotype may facilitate the treatment for PAAD patients. Objectives PIK3CB is an oncogene implicated in cancer development and progression but less is known about whether PIK3CB participates in PAAD metastasis. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore the mechanism(s) of PIK3CB in PAAD metastasis. Methods In our study, we examined the PIK3CB expression pattern using bioinformatic analysis and clinical material derived from patients with PAAD. Subsequently, a series of biochemical experiments were conducted to investigate the role of PIK3CB as potential mechanism(s) underlying PAAD metastasis in vivo using nude mice and in vitro using cell lines. Results We observed that PIK3CB was involved in PAAD progression. Notably, we identified that PIK3CB was involved in PAAD metastasis. Downregulation of PIK3CB significantly reduced PAAD metastatic potential in vivo. Furthermore, a series of bioinformatic analyses showed that PIK3CB was involved in cell adhesion in PAAD. Notably, PIK3CB depletion inhibited invasion potential specifically via suppressing cell adhesion to collagen I in PAAD cells. Conclusion Collectively, our findings indicate that PIK3CB is involved in PAAD metastasis through cell-matrix adhesion. We proposed that PIK3CB is a potential therapeutic target for PAAD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Qu
- Department of General Surgery & Carson International Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Biao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery & Carson International Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Haimin Feng
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | | | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery & Carson International Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of General Surgery & Carson International Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Department of General Surgery & Carson International Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kengo Shirahane
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mizumoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Cancer Center of Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of General Surgery & Carson International Cancer Research Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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23
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Cintas C, Douche T, Dantes Z, Mouton-Barbosa E, Bousquet MP, Cayron C, Therville N, Pont F, Ramos-Delgado F, Guyon C, Garmy-Susini B, Cappello P, Burlet-Schiltz O, Hirsch E, Gomez-Brouchet A, Thibault B, Reichert M, Guillermet-Guibert J. Phosphoproteomics Identifies PI3K Inhibitor-selective Adaptive Responses in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Therapy and Resistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:2433-2445. [PMID: 34552006 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K pathway is highly active in human cancers. The four class I isoforms of PI3K are activated by distinct mechanisms leading to a common downstream signaling. Their downstream redundancy is thought to be responsible for treatment failures of PI3K inhibitors. We challenged this concept, by mapping the differential phosphoproteome evolution in response to PI3K inhibitors with different isoform-selectivity patterns in pancreatic cancer, a disease currently without effective therapy. In this cancer, the PI3K signal was shown to control cell proliferation. We compared the effects of LY294002 that inhibit with equal potency all class I isoenzymes and downstream mTOR with the action of inhibitors with higher isoform selectivity toward PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, or PI3Kγ (namely, A66, TGX-221 and AS-252424). A bioinformatics global pathway analysis of phosphoproteomics data allowed us to identify common and specific signals activated by PI3K inhibitors supported by the biological data. AS-252424 was the most effective treatment and induced apoptotic pathway activation as well as the highest changes in global phosphorylation-regulated cell signal. However, AS-252424 treatment induced reactivation of Akt, therefore decreasing the treatment outcome on cell survival. Reversely, AS-252424 and A66 combination treatment prevented p-Akt reactivation and led to synergistic action in cell lines and patient organoids. The combination of clinically approved α-selective BYL-719 with γ-selective IPI-549 was more efficient than single-molecule treatment on xenograft growth. Mapping unique adaptive signaling responses to isoform-selective PI3K inhibition will help to design better combinative treatments that prevent the induction of selective compensatory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Cintas
- INSERM, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, U1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France.,Labex TouCAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Douche
- INSERM, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, U1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France.,Labex TouCAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Zahra Dantes
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA), Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Mouton-Barbosa
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Bousquet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Cayron
- INSERM, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, U1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France.,Labex TouCAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicole Therville
- INSERM, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, U1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France.,Labex TouCAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Pont
- INSERM, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, U1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Fernanda Ramos-Delgado
- INSERM, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, U1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France.,Labex TouCAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Guyon
- INSERM, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, U1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France.,Labex TouCAN, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Turin, Italy
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Turin, Italy
| | - Anne Gomez-Brouchet
- IUCT-O, Institut Claudius Regaud, Hopitaux de Toulouse, Biobank, Toulouse, France
| | - Benoît Thibault
- INSERM, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, U1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France.,Labex TouCAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA), Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Julie Guillermet-Guibert
- INSERM, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, U1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France. .,Labex TouCAN, Toulouse, France
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24
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MECOM permits pancreatic acinar cell dedifferentiation avoiding cell death under stress conditions. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2601-2615. [PMID: 33762742 PMCID: PMC8408219 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of the pancreatic acinar cell phenotype suppresses tumor formation. Hence, repetitive acute or chronic pancreatitis, stress conditions in which the acinar cells dedifferentiate, predispose for cancer formation in the pancreas. Dedifferentiated acinar cells acquire a large panel of duct cell-specific markers. However, it remains unclear to what extent dedifferentiated acini differ from native duct cells and which genes are uniquely regulating acinar cell dedifferentiation. Moreover, most studies have been performed on mice since the availability of human cells is scarce. Here, we applied a non-genetic lineage tracing method of human pancreatic exocrine acinar and duct cells that allowed cell-type-specific gene expression profiling by RNA sequencing. Subsequent to this discovery analysis, one transcription factor that was unique for dedifferentiated acinar cells was functionally characterized. RNA sequencing analysis showed that human dedifferentiated acinar cells expressed genes in "Pathways of cancer" with a prominence of MECOM (EVI-1), a transcription factor that was not expressed by duct cells. During mouse embryonic development, pre-acinar cells also transiently expressed MECOM and in the adult mouse pancreas, MECOM was re-expressed when mice were subjected to acute and chronic pancreatitis, conditions in which acinar cells dedifferentiate. In human cells and in mice, MECOM expression correlated with and was directly regulated by SOX9. Mouse acinar cells that, by genetic manipulation, lose the ability to upregulate MECOM showed impaired cell adhesion, more prominent acinar cell death, and suppressed acinar cell dedifferentiation by limited ERK signaling. In conclusion, we transcriptionally profiled the two major human pancreatic exocrine cell types, acinar and duct cells, during experimental stress conditions. We provide insights that in dedifferentiated acinar cells, cancer pathways are upregulated in which MECOM is a critical regulator that suppresses acinar cell death by permitting cellular dedifferentiation.
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25
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Vivekanandhan S, Madamsetty VS, Angom RS, Dutta SK, Wang E, Caulfield T, Pletnev AA, Upstill-Goddard R, Asmann YW, Chang D, Spaller MR, Mukhopadhyay D. Role of PLEXIND1/TGFβ Signaling Axis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression Correlates with the Mutational Status of KRAS. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164048. [PMID: 34439202 PMCID: PMC8393884 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is among the most lethal cancers. The expression of PLEXIND1, a receptor, is upregulated in many cancers (including pancreatic cancer). Traditionally, PLEXIND1 is known to be involved in neuron development and mediate semaphorin signaling. However, its role and signaling in cancer is not fully understood. In our study, we present a new mechanism through which PLEXIND1 mediates its roles in cancer. For the first time, we demonstrate that it can function as a transforming growth factor beta coreceptor and modulate SMAD3 signaling. Around 90% of pancreatic cancer patients have mutant KRAS. Our work suggests that PLEXIND1 functions differently in pancreatic cancer cell lines, and the difference correlates with KRAS mutational status. Additionally, we demonstrate a novel peptide based therapeutic approach to target PLEXIND1 in cancer cells. Our work is valuable to both neuroscience and cancer fields, as it demonstrates an association between two previously unrelated signaling pathways. Abstract PLEXIND1 is upregulated in several cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). It is an established mediator of semaphorin signaling, and neuropilins are its known coreceptors. Herein, we report data to support the proposal that PLEXIND1 acts as a transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) coreceptor, modulating cell growth through SMAD3 signaling. Our findings demonstrate that PLEXIND1 plays a pro-tumorigenic role in PDAC cells with oncogenic KRAS (KRASmut). We show in KRASmut PDAC cell lines (PANC-1, AsPC-1,4535) PLEXIND1 downregulation results in decreased cell viability (in vitro) and reduced tumor growth (in vivo). Conversely, PLEXIND1 acts as a tumor suppressor in the PDAC cell line (BxPC-3) with wild-type KRAS (KRASwt), as its reduced expression results in higher cell viability (in-vitro) and tumor growth (in vivo). Additionally, we demonstrate that PLEXIND1-mediated interactions can be selectively disrupted using a peptide based on its C-terminal sequence (a PDZ domain-binding motif), an outcome that may possess significant therapeutic implications. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that (1) PLEXIND1 acts as a TGFβ coreceptor and mediates SMAD3 signaling, and (2) differential roles of PLEXIND1 in PDAC cell lines correlate with KRASmut and KRASwt status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Vivekanandhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.V.); (V.S.M.); (R.S.A.); (S.K.D.); (E.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Vijay S. Madamsetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.V.); (V.S.M.); (R.S.A.); (S.K.D.); (E.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Ramcharan Singh Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.V.); (V.S.M.); (R.S.A.); (S.K.D.); (E.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Shamit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.V.); (V.S.M.); (R.S.A.); (S.K.D.); (E.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.V.); (V.S.M.); (R.S.A.); (S.K.D.); (E.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Thomas Caulfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.V.); (V.S.M.); (R.S.A.); (S.K.D.); (E.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Alexandre A. Pletnev
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (A.A.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Rosanna Upstill-Goddard
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate Switchback Road, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (R.U.-G.); (D.C.)
| | - Yan W. Asmann
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - David Chang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate Switchback Road, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (R.U.-G.); (D.C.)
| | - Mark R. Spaller
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (A.A.P.); (M.R.S.)
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (S.V.); (V.S.M.); (R.S.A.); (S.K.D.); (E.W.); (T.C.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Thibault B, Ramos‐Delgado F, Pons‐Tostivint E, Therville N, Cintas C, Arcucci S, Cassant‐Sourdy S, Reyes‐Castellanos G, Tosolini M, Villard AV, Cayron C, Baer R, Bertrand‐Michel J, Pagan D, Ferreira Da Mota D, Yan H, Falcomatà C, Muscari F, Bournet B, Delord J, Aksoy E, Carrier A, Cordelier P, Saur D, Basset C, Guillermet‐Guibert J. Pancreatic cancer intrinsic PI3Kα activity accelerates metastasis and rewires macrophage component. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13502. [PMID: 34033220 PMCID: PMC8261517 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients frequently suffer from undetected micro-metastatic disease. This clinical situation would greatly benefit from additional investigation. Therefore, we set out to identify key signalling events that drive metastatic evolution from the pancreas. We searched for a gene signature that discriminate localised PDAC from confirmed metastatic PDAC and devised a preclinical protocol using circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as an early biomarker of micro-metastatic disease to validate the identification of key signalling events. An unbiased approach identified, amongst actionable markers of disease progression, the PI3K pathway and a distinctive PI3Kα activation signature as predictive of PDAC aggressiveness and prognosis. Pharmacological or tumour-restricted genetic PI3Kα-selective inhibition prevented macro-metastatic evolution by hindering tumoural cell migratory behaviour independently of genetic alterations. We found that PI3Kα inhibition altered the quantity and the species composition of the produced lipid second messenger PIP3 , with a selective decrease of C36:2 PI-3,4,5-P3 . Tumoural PI3Kα inactivation prevented the accumulation of pro-tumoural CD206-positive macrophages in the tumour-adjacent tissue. Tumour cell-intrinsic PI3Kα promotes pro-metastatic features that could be pharmacologically targeted to delay macro-metastatic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Thibault
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | - Fernanda Ramos‐Delgado
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | - Elvire Pons‐Tostivint
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | - Nicole Therville
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | - Celia Cintas
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | - Silvia Arcucci
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | - Stephanie Cassant‐Sourdy
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | | | - Marie Tosolini
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Amelie V Villard
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | - Coralie Cayron
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | - Romain Baer
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | | | - Delphine Pagan
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Dina Ferreira Da Mota
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse – Oncopole (IUCT‐O)Hopitaux de ToulouseInstitut Claudius Regaud ToulouseFrance
| | - Hongkai Yan
- Division of Translational Cancer ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute of Experimental Cancer TherapyKlinikum rechts der IsarSchool of MedicineTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Chiara Falcomatà
- Division of Translational Cancer ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute of Experimental Cancer TherapyKlinikum rechts der IsarSchool of MedicineTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Fabrice Muscari
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse – Oncopole (IUCT‐O)Hopitaux de ToulouseInstitut Claudius Regaud ToulouseFrance
| | - Barbara Bournet
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse – Oncopole (IUCT‐O)Hopitaux de ToulouseInstitut Claudius Regaud ToulouseFrance
| | - Jean‐Pierre Delord
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse – Oncopole (IUCT‐O)Hopitaux de ToulouseInstitut Claudius Regaud ToulouseFrance
| | - Ezra Aksoy
- Centre for Biochemical PharmacologyWilliam Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Alice Carrier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli‐Calmettes, CRCMMarseilleFrance
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Dieter Saur
- Division of Translational Cancer ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute of Experimental Cancer TherapyKlinikum rechts der IsarSchool of MedicineTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Celine Basset
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse – Oncopole (IUCT‐O)Hopitaux de ToulouseInstitut Claudius Regaud ToulouseFrance
| | - Julie Guillermet‐Guibert
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
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Encarnación-Rosado J, Kimmelman AC. Harnessing metabolic dependencies in pancreatic cancers. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:482-492. [PMID: 33742165 PMCID: PMC8249349 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive disease with a 5-year survival rate of <10%. The tumour microenvironment (TME) of PDAC is characterized by excessive fibrosis and deposition of extracellular matrix, termed desmoplasia. This unique TME leads to high interstitial pressure, vascular collapse and low nutrient and oxygen diffusion. Together, these factors contribute to the unique biology and therapeutic resistance of this deadly tumour. To thrive in this hostile environment, PDAC cells adapt by using non-canonical metabolic pathways and rely on metabolic scavenging pathways such as autophagy and macropinocytosis. Here, we review the metabolic pathways that PDAC use to support their growth in the setting of an austere TME. Understanding how PDAC tumours rewire their metabolism and use scavenging pathways under environmental stressors might enable the identification of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Gu X, Li X, Xu J, Yang J, Li H, Wu Q, Qian J. Accumulated genetic mutations leading to accelerated initiation and progression of colorectal cancer in a patient with Gardner syndrome: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25247. [PMID: 33787608 PMCID: PMC8021328 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Gardner syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with a high degree of penetrance, which is characterized by intestinal polyposis, osteomas, and dental abnormalities. Majority of patients with Gardner syndrome will develop colorectal cancer by the age of 40 to 50 years. Mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene are supposed to be responsible for the initiation of Gardner syndrome. PATIENT CONCERNS A 22-year-old Chinese female was admitted to our hospital due to abdominal pain and bloody stool. DIAGNOSIS The patient presented with multiple intestinal polyposis, desmoid tumors, and dental abnormalities was diagnosed as Gardner syndrome and further examination revealed a colon tumor. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES Patients were implanted with stents to alleviate bowel obstruction, and were treated with oxaliplatin combined with 5-Fu for 4 cycles, but the efficacy was not good. We performed next generation sequencing of 390 genes for the tumor specimens. We detected adenomatous polyposis coli E1538Ifs∗5, KRAS G12D, NF1 R652C, loss of SMAD4, TP53 R175H, IRF2 p.R82S, TCF7L2 p.A418Tfs∗14, and SMAD4 p.L43F in this patient. LESSONS We reported serial mutations in key genes responsible for initiation and progression of colorectal cancer from a patient with Gardner syndrome.
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Zhao Y, Schoeps B, Yao D, Zhang Z, Schuck K, Tissen V, Jäger C, Schlitter AM, van der Kammen R, Ludwig C, D'Haese JG, Raulefs S, Maeritz N, Shen S, Zou X, Krüger A, Kleeff J, Michalski CW, Friess H, Innocenti M, Kong B. mTORC1 and mTORC2 Converge on the Arp2/3 Complex to Promote Kras G12D-Induced Acinar-to-Ductal Metaplasia and Early Pancreatic Carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1755-1770.e17. [PMID: 33388318 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Oncogenic KrasG12D induces neoplastic transformation of pancreatic acinar cells through acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), an actin-based morphogenetic process, and drives pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) complex 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2) contain Rptor and Rictor, respectively, and are activated downstream of KrasG12D, thereby contributing to PDAC. Yet, whether and how mTORC1 and mTORC2 impact on ADM and the identity of the actin nucleator(s) mediating such actin rearrangements remain unknown. METHODS A mouse model of inflammation-accelerated KrasG12D-driven early pancreatic carcinogenesis was used. Rptor, Rictor, and Arpc4 (actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4) were conditionally ablated in acinar cells to deactivate the function of mTORC1, mTORC2 and the actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex, respectively. RESULTS We found that mTORC1 and mTORC2 are markedly activated in human and mouse ADM lesions, and cooperate to promote KrasG12D-driven ADM in mice and in vitro. They use the Arp2/3 complex as a common downstream effector to induce the remodeling the actin cytoskeleton leading to ADM. In particular, mTORC1 regulates the translation of Rac1 (Rac family small GTPase 1) and the Arp2/3-complex subunit Arp3, whereas mTORC2 activates the Arp2/3 complex by promoting Akt/Rac1 signaling. Consistently, genetic ablation of the Arp2/3 complex prevents KrasG12D-driven ADM in vivo. In acinar cells, the Arp2/3 complex and its actin-nucleation activity mediated the formation of a basolateral actin cortex, which is indispensable for ADM and pre-neoplastic transformation. CONCLUSIONS Here, we show that mTORC1 and mTORC2 attain a dual, yet nonredundant regulatory role in ADM and early pancreatic carcinogenesis by promoting Arp2/3 complex function. The role of Arp2/3 complex as a common effector of mTORC1 and mTORC2 fills the gap between oncogenic signals and actin dynamics underlying PDAC initiation.
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MESH Headings
- Acinar Cells/enzymology
- Acinar Cells/pathology
- Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex/genetics
- Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex/metabolism
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/genetics
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2/genetics
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2/metabolism
- Metaplasia
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutation
- Pancreatic Ducts/enzymology
- Pancreatic Ducts/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics
- Rapamycin-Insensitive Companion of mTOR Protein/genetics
- Rapamycin-Insensitive Companion of mTOR Protein/metabolism
- Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR/genetics
- Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schoeps
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dianbo Yao
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathleen Schuck
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vivien Tissen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Jäger
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Rob van der Kammen
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jan G D'Haese
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Raulefs
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadja Maeritz
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Shanshan Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Achim Krüger
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Kleeff
- Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | | | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Metello Innocenti
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing, China; German Cancer Consortium at the partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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30
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Organismal roles for the PI3Kα and β isoforms: their specificity, redundancy or cooperation is context-dependent. Biochem J 2021; 478:1199-1225. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PI3Ks are important lipid kinases that produce phosphoinositides phosphorylated in position 3 of the inositol ring. There are three classes of PI3Ks: class I PI3Ks produce PIP3 at plasma membrane level. Although D. melanogaster and C. elegans have only one form of class I PI3K, vertebrates have four class I PI3Ks called isoforms despite being encoded by four different genes. Hence, duplication of these genes coincides with the acquisition of coordinated multi-organ development. Of the class I PI3Ks, PI3Kα and PI3Kβ, encoded by PIK3CA and PIK3CB, are ubiquitously expressed. They present similar putative protein domains and share PI(4,5)P2 lipid substrate specificity. Fifteen years after publication of their first isoform-selective pharmacological inhibitors and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) that mimic their complete and specific pharmacological inhibition, we review the knowledge gathered in relation to the redundant and selective roles of PI3Kα and PI3Kβ. Recent data suggest that, further to their redundancy, they cooperate for the integration of organ-specific and context-specific signal cues, to orchestrate organ development, physiology, and disease. This knowledge reinforces the importance of isoform-selective inhibitors in clinical settings.
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31
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Cholesterol Activates Cyclic AMP Signaling in Metaplastic Acinar Cells. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11030141. [PMID: 33652890 PMCID: PMC7996857 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a non-essential metabolite that exerts both structural and signaling functions. However, cholesterol biosynthesis is elevated, and actively supports, pancreatic carcinogenesis. Our previous work showed that statins block the reprogramming of mutant KRAS-expressing acinar cells, that spontaneously undergo a metaplastic event termed acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) to initiate carcinogenesis. Here we tested the impact of cholesterol supplementation on isolated primary wild-type acinar cells and observed enhanced ductal transdifferentiation, associated with generation of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and the induction of downstream protein kinase A (PKA). Inhibition of PKA suppresses cholesterol-induced ADM ex vivo. Live imaging using fluorescent biosensors dissected the temporal and spatial dynamics of PKA activation upon cholesterol addition and showed uneven activation both in the cytosol and on the outer mitochondrial membrane of primary pancreatic acinar cells. The ability of cholesterol to activate cAMP signaling is lost in tumor cells. Qualitative examination of multiple normal and transformed cell lines supports the notion that the cAMP/PKA axis plays different roles during multi-step pancreatic carcinogenesis. Collectively, our findings describe the impact of cholesterol availability on the cyclic AMP/PKA axis and plasticity of pancreatic acinar cells.
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32
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Sackmann E, Tanaka M. Critical role of lipid membranes in polarization and migration of cells: a biophysical view. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:123-138. [PMID: 33747247 PMCID: PMC7930189 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration plays vital roles in many biologically relevant processes such as tissue morphogenesis and cancer metastasis, and it has fascinated biophysicists over the past several decades. However, despite an increasing number of studies highlighting the orchestration of proteins involved in different signaling pathways, the functional roles of lipid membranes have been essentially overlooked. Lipid membranes are generally considered to be a functionless two-dimensional matrix of proteins, although many proteins regulating cell migration gain functions only after they are recruited to the membrane surface and self-organize their functional domains. In this review, we summarize how the logistical recruitment and release of proteins to and from lipid membranes coordinates complex spatiotemporal molecular processes. As predicted from the classical framework of the Smoluchowski equation of diffusion, lipid/protein membranes serve as a 2D reaction hub that contributes to the effective and robust regulation of polarization and migration of cells involving several competing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Sackmann
- Physics Department E22/E27, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
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Liu S, Zhao S, Dong Y, Wang T, Niu X, Zhao L, Wang G. Antitumor activity and mechanism of resistance of the novel HDAC and PI3K dual inhibitor CUDC-907 in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 87:415-423. [PMID: 33392641 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant disease with an extremely poor prognosis. The benefit of chemotherapy treatment for pancreatic cancer is very limited. Therefore, new therapeutic targets and approaches are urgently needed for this deadly disease. Multi-target therapy is a potential and feasible treatment strategy. Given the important roles that histone deacetylases (HDACs) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) play in pancreatic cancer, we investigated the antitumor activity and mechanism of novel HDAC and PI3K dual inhibitor CUDC-907 in pancreatic cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis were used to examine the in vitro antitumor activity of CUDC-907. A BxPC-3-derived xenograft mouse model was used to determine CUDC-907 in vivo efficacy. The TUNEL assay as used to determine apoptosis in tumors in vivo post CUDC-907 treatment. Western blots were used to determine the effect of CUDC-907 on protein levels. Our results show that CUDC-907 decreased viable cells and induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, CUDC-907 showed promising in vivo antitumor activity in the BxPC-3-derived xenograft mouse model while exhibiting tolerable toxicity. Furthermore, long-term treatment with CUDC-907 induced phosphorylation of AKT, S6 (ribosomal protein S6), and ERK (extracellular regulated protein kinase), and inhibition of PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase), mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), or ERK significantly enhanced CUDC-907-induced cell death in pancreatic cell lines. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings support the clinical development of CUDC-907 for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and identify compensatory activation of mTOR and MEK/ERK as a possible mechanism of resistance to CUDC-907.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shoujing Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaojia Niu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lijing Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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The type of KRAS mutation drives PI3Kα/γ signalling dependency: Implication for the choice of targeted therapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101473. [PMID: 32593694 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma PDAC is a complex disease with an important diversity of genetic alterations found between patients. KRAS mutation is considered as a major oncogenic driver in this cancer (around 90% of the patients), but there exists different KRAS mutation types. The type of KRAS mutation was recently shown to be of importance to detect signalling vulnerabilities in a subset of PDAC patients. We comment on these innovative results and discuss their importance when designing clinical trials with PI3K targeted therapies in this cancer.
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35
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Tian J, Zhu Y, Rao M, Cai Y, Lu Z, Zou D, Peng X, Ying P, Zhang M, Niu S, Li Y, Zhong R, Chang J, Miao X. N 6-methyladenosine mRNA methylation of PIK3CB regulates AKT signalling to promote PTEN-deficient pancreatic cancer progression. Gut 2020; 69:2180-2192. [PMID: 32312789 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Thus far, most drugs have failed to significantly improve patient survival. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays an important role in the progression of PDAC, but its aberrant regulation driven by germline variants in human diseases remains unclear. DESIGN We first performed an exome-wide association analysis in 518 PDAC patients with overall survival and replicated in an independent population containing 552 PDAC patients. Then, a series of biochemical experiments in vitro and in vivo were conducted to investigate potential mechanisms of the candidate variant and its target gene PIK3CB underlying the PDAC progression. Moreover, the PIK3CB-selective inhibitor KIN-193 was used to block PDAC tumour growth. RESULTS We identified a missense variant rs142933486 in PIK3CB that is significantly associated with the overall survival of PDAC by reducing the PIK3CB m6A level, which facilitated its mRNA and protein expression levels mediated by the m6A 'writer' complex (METTL13/METTL14/WTAP) and the m6A 'reader' YTHDF2. The upregulation of PIK3CB is widely found in PDAC tumour tissues and significantly correlated with the poor prognosis of PDAC, especially in PTEN-deficient patients. We further demonstrated that PIK3CB overexpression substantially enhanced the proliferation and migration abilities of PTEN-deficient PDAC cells and activated AKT signalling pathway. Remarkably, KIN-193, a PIK3CB-selective inhibitor, is shown to serve as an effective anticancer agent for blocking PTEN-deficient PDAC. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate aberrant m6A homoeostasis as an oncogenic mechanism in PDAC and highlight the potential of PIK3CB as a therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Rao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Zequn Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Danyi Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiating Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingting Ying
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyuan Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
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DelGiorno KE, Chung CY, Vavinskaya V, Maurer HC, Novak SW, Lytle NK, Ma Z, Giraddi RR, Wang D, Fang L, Naeem RF, Andrade LR, Ali WH, Tseng H, Tsui C, Gubbala VB, Ridinger-Saison M, Ohmoto M, Erikson GA, O'Connor C, Shokhirev MN, Hah N, Urade Y, Matsumoto I, Kaech SM, Singh PK, Manor U, Olive KP, Wahl GM. Tuft Cells Inhibit Pancreatic Tumorigenesis in Mice by Producing Prostaglandin D 2. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1866-1881.e8. [PMID: 32717220 PMCID: PMC7680354 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) involves acinar to ductal metaplasia and genesis of tuft cells. It has been a challenge to study these rare cells because of the lack of animal models. We investigated the role of tuft cells in pancreatic tumorigenesis. METHODS We performed studies with LSL-KrasG12D/+;Ptf1aCre/+ mice (KC; develop pancreatic tumors), KC mice crossed with mice with pancreatic disruption of Pou2f3 (KPouC mice; do not develop tuft cells), or mice with pancreatic disruption of the hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase gene (Hpgds, KHC mice) and wild-type mice. Mice were allowed to age or were given caerulein to induce pancreatitis; pancreata were collected and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing, ultrastructural microscopy, and metabolic profiling. We performed laser-capture dissection and RNA-sequencing analysis of pancreatic tissues from 26 patients with pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), 19 patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), and 197 patients with PDA. RESULTS Pancreata from KC mice had increased formation of tuft cells and higher levels of prostaglandin D2 than wild-type mice. Pancreas-specific deletion of POU2F3 in KC mice (KPouC mice) resulted in a loss of tuft cells and accelerated tumorigenesis. KPouC mice had increased fibrosis and activation of immune cells after administration of caerulein. Pancreata from KPouC and KHC mice had significantly lower levels of prostaglandin D2, compared with KC mice, and significantly increased numbers of PanINs and PDAs. KPouC and KHC mice had increased pancreatic injury after administration of caerulein, significantly less normal tissue, more extracellular matrix deposition, and higher PanIN grade than KC mice. Human PanIN and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm had gene expression signatures associated with tuft cells and increased expression of Hpgds messenger RNA compared with PDA. CONCLUSIONS In mice with KRAS-induced pancreatic tumorigenesis, loss of tuft cells accelerates tumorigenesis and increases the severity of caerulein-induced pancreatic injury, via decreased production of prostaglandin D2. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that tuft cells are a metaplasia-induced tumor attenuating cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E DelGiorno
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California.
| | - Chi-Yeh Chung
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Vera Vavinskaya
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - H Carlo Maurer
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sammy Weiser Novak
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Insitute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Nikki K Lytle
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Zhibo Ma
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Rajshekhar R Giraddi
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Dezhen Wang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Linjing Fang
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Insitute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Razia F Naeem
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Leonardo R Andrade
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Insitute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Wahida H Ali
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Hubert Tseng
- Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, Califonia
| | - Crystal Tsui
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Vikas B Gubbala
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Maya Ridinger-Saison
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Makoto Ohmoto
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Galina A Erikson
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Carolyn O'Connor
- Flow Cytometry Core, Salk Insitute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Maxim Nikolaievich Shokhirev
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Nasun Hah
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | - Susan M Kaech
- Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, Califonia
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Insitute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Geoffrey M Wahl
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California.
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Giagulli C, Caccuri F, Zorzan S, Bugatti A, Zani A, Filippini F, Manocha E, D'Ursi P, Orro A, Dolcetti R, Caruso A. B-cell clonogenic activity of HIV-1 p17 variants is driven by PAR1-mediated EGF transactivation. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:649-666. [PMID: 33093643 PMCID: PMC8203498 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) for HIV-1 dramatically slows disease progression among HIV+ individuals. Currently, lymphoma represents the main cause of death among HIV-1-infected patients. Detection of p17 variants (vp17s) endowed with B-cell clonogenic activity in HIV-1-seropositive patients with lymphoma suggests their possible role in lymphomagenesis. Here, we demonstrate that the clonogenic activity of vp17s is mediated by their binding to PAR1 and to PAR1-mediated EGFR transactivation through Gq protein. The entire vp17s-triggered clonogenic process is MMPs dependent. Moreover, phosphoproteomic and bioinformatic analysis highlighted the crucial role of EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway in modulating several molecules promoting cancer progression, including RAC1, ABL1, p53, CDK1, NPM, Rb, PTP-1B, and STAT1. Finally, we show that a peptide (F1) corresponding to the vp17s functional epitope is sufficient to trigger the PAR1/EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway and bind PAR1. Our findings suggest novel potential therapeutic targets to counteract vp17-driven lymphomagenesis in HIV+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Giagulli
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simone Zorzan
- Plantech, Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science & Technology (LIST), L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Antonella Bugatti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Zani
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Filippini
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ekta Manocha
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pasqualina D'Ursi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Technologies e National Research Council (ITB-CNR), 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Alessandro Orro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Technologies e National Research Council (ITB-CNR), 20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico - IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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38
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Hoffman MT, Kemp SB, Salas-Escabillas DJ, Zhang Y, Steele NG, The S, Long D, Benitz S, Yan W, Margolskee RF, Bednar F, Pasca di Magliano M, Wen HJ, Crawford HC. The Gustatory Sensory G-Protein GNAT3 Suppresses Pancreatic Cancer Progression in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:349-369. [PMID: 32882403 PMCID: PMC7779788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) initiation and progression are accompanied by an immunosuppressive inflammatory response. Here, we evaluated the immunomodulatory role of chemosensory signaling in metaplastic tuft cells (MTCs) by analyzing the role of GNAT3, a gustatory pathway G-protein expressed by MTCs, during PDA progression. METHODS Gnat3-null (Gnat3-/-) mice were crossbred with animals harboring a Cre-inducible KrasLSL-G12D/+ allele with either Ptf1aCre/+ (KC) or tamoxifen-inducible Ptf1aCreERT/+ (KCERT) mice to drive oncogenic KRAS expression in the pancreas. Ex vivo organoid conditioned medium generated from KC and Gnat3-/-;KC acinar cells was analyzed for cytokine secretion. Experimental pancreatitis was induced in KCERT and Gnat3-/-;KCERT mice to accelerate tumorigenesis, followed by analysis using mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing. To study PDA progression, KC and Gnat3-/-;KC mice were aged to morbidity or 52 weeks. RESULTS Ablation of Gnat3 in KC organoids increased release of tumor-promoting cytokines in conditioned media, including CXCL1 and CXCL2. Analysis of Gnat3-/-;KCERT pancreata found altered expression of immunomodulatory genes in Cxcr2 expressing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and an increased number of granulocytic MDSCs, a subset of tumor promoting MDSCs. Importantly, expression levels of CXCL1 and CXCL2, known ligands for CXCR2, were also elevated in Gnat3-/-;KCERT pancreata. Consistent with the tumor-promoting role of MDSCs, aged Gnat3-/-;KC mice progressed more rapidly to metastatic carcinoma compared with KC controls. CONCLUSIONS Compromised gustatory sensing, achieved by Gnat3 ablation, enhanced the CXCL1/2-CXCR2 axis to alter the MDSC population and promoted the progression of metastatic PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan T Hoffman
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Samantha B Kemp
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel J Salas-Escabillas
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nina G Steele
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephanie The
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel Long
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Simone Benitz
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wei Yan
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Filip Bednar
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hui-Ju Wen
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Integrated Analysis of the Mechanisms of Da-Chai-Hu Decoction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by a Network Pharmacology Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9768414. [PMID: 32419835 PMCID: PMC7204321 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9768414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased year by year, which not only seriously affects people's quality of life, but also imposes a heavy economic burden on the family, society, and country. Currently, the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of T2DM are still unclear. Therefore, exploration of a precise multitarget treatment strategy is urgent. Here, we attempt to screen out the active components, effective targets, and functional pathways of therapeutic drugs through network pharmacology with taking advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas for multitarget holistic treatment of diseases to clarify the potential therapeutic mechanism of TCM formulas and provide a systematic and clear thought for T2DM treatment. Methods First, we screened the active components of Da-Chai-Hu Decoction (DCHD) by absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/T) calculation. Second, we predicted and screened the active components of DCHD and its therapeutic targets for T2DM relying on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Analysis Platform (TCMSP database) and Text Mining Tool (GoPubMed database), while using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to obtain T2DM targets. Third, we constructed a network of the active component-target, target-pathway of DCHD using Cytoscape software (http://cytoscape.org/,ver.3.5.1) and then analyzed gene function, related biological processes, and signal pathways through the DAVID database. Results We screened 77 active components from 1278 DCHD components and 116 effective targets from 253 ones. After matching the targets of T2DM, we obtained 38 important targets and 7 core targets were selected through further analysis. Through enrichment analysis, we found that these important targets were mainly involved in many biological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction, and apoptosis. After analyzing the relevant pathways, the synthetic pathway for the treatment of T2DM was obtained, which provided a diagnosis-treatment idea for DCHD in the treatment of T2DM. Conclusions This article reveals the mechanism of DCHD in the treatment of T2DM related to inflammatory response and apoptosis through network pharmacology, which lays a foundation for further elucidation of drugs effective targets.
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40
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Sun Z, Xiong C, Teh SW, Lim JCW, Kumar S, Thilakavathy K. Mechanisms of Oral Bacterial Virulence Factors in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:412. [PMID: 31867287 PMCID: PMC6904357 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease, and most patients remain asymptomatic until the disease enters advanced stages. There is lack of knowledge in the pathogenesis, effective prevention and early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Recently, bacteria were found in pancreatic tissue that has been considered sterile before. The distribution of flora in pancreatic cancer tissue was reported to be different from normal pancreatic tissue. These abnormally distributed bacteria may be the risk factors for inducing pancreatic cancer. Therefore, studies on combined effect of multi-bacterial and multi-virulence factors may add to the knowledge of pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and aid in designing new preventive and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we outlined three oral bacteria associated with pancreatic cancer and their virulence factors linked with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Sun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - ChengLong Xiong
- Department of Public Health Microbiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Seoh Wei Teh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan Chee Woei Lim
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Karuppiah Thilakavathy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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41
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Yan L, Raj P, Yao W, Ying H. Glucose Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101460. [PMID: 31569510 PMCID: PMC6826406 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal cancers, with a five-year survival rate of around 5% to 8%. To date, very few available drugs have been successfully used to treat PDAC due to the poor understanding of the tumor-specific features. One of the hallmarks of pancreatic cancer cells is the deregulated cellular energetics characterized by the “Warburg effect”. It has been known for decades that cancer cells have a dramatically increased glycolytic flux even in the presence of oxygen and normal mitochondrial function. Glycolytic flux is the central carbon metabolism process in all cells, which not only produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) but also provides biomass for anabolic processes that support cell proliferation. Expression levels of glucose transporters and rate-limiting enzymes regulate the rate of glycolytic flux. Intermediates that branch out from glycolysis are responsible for redox homeostasis, glycosylation, and biosynthesis. Beyond enhanced glycolytic flux, pancreatic cancer cells activate nutrient salvage pathways, which includes autophagy and micropinocytosis, from which the generated sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids are used to buffer the stresses induced by nutrient deprivation. Further, PDAC is characterized by extensive metabolic crosstalk between tumor cells and cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we will give an overview on recent progresses made in understanding glucose metabolism-related deregulations in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Priyank Raj
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Wantong Yao
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Haoqiang Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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42
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Rho GTPases in cancer: friend or foe? Oncogene 2019; 38:7447-7456. [PMID: 31427738 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Rho GTPases RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 are important regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics. Although many in vitro and in vivo data indicate tumor-promoting effects of activated Rho GTPases, also tumor suppressive functions have been described, suggesting either highly cell-type-specific functions for Rho GTPases in cancer or insufficient cancer models. The availability of a large number of cancer genome-sequencing data by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) allows for the investigation of Rho GTPase function in human cancers in silico. This information should be used to improve our in vitro and in vivo cancer models, which are essential for a molecular understanding of Rho GTPase function in malignant tumors and for the potential development of cancer drugs targeting Rho GTPase signaling.
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Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is frequently activated in various human cancers and has been considered a promising therapeutic target. Many of the positive regulators of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, including the catalytic (p110α) and regulatory (p85α), of class IA PI3K, AKT, RHEB, mTOR, and eIF4E, possess oncogenic potentials, as demonstrated by transformation assays in vitro and by genetically engineered mouse models in vivo. Genetic evidences also indicate their roles in malignancies induced by activation of the upstream oncoproteins including receptor tyrosine kinases and RAS and those induced by the loss of the negative regulators of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway such as PTEN, TSC1/2, LKB1, and PIPP. Possible mechanisms by which the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis contributes to oncogenic transformation include stimulation of proliferation, survival, metabolic reprogramming, and invasion/metastasis, as well as suppression of autophagy and senescence. These phenotypic changes are mediated by eIF4E-induced translation of a subset of mRNAs and by other downstream effectors of mTORC1 including S6K, HIF-1α, PGC-1α, SREBP, and ULK1 complex.
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44
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Sivaram N, McLaughlin PA, Han HV, Petrenko O, Jiang YP, Ballou LM, Pham K, Liu C, van der Velden AW, Lin RZ. Tumor-intrinsic PIK3CA represses tumor immunogenecity in a model of pancreatic cancer. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3264-3276. [PMID: 31112530 PMCID: PMC6668699 DOI: 10.1172/jci123540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of tumor-infiltrating T cells is associated with favorable patient outcomes, yet most pancreatic cancers are immunologically silent and resistant to currently available immunotherapies. Here we show using a syngeneic orthotopic implantation model of pancreatic cancer that Pik3ca regulates tumor immunogenicity. Genetic silencing of Pik3ca in KrasG12D/Trp53R172H-driven pancreatic tumors resulted in infiltration of T cells, complete tumor regression, and 100% survival of immunocompetent host mice. By contrast, Pik3ca-null tumors implanted in T cell-deficient mice progressed and killed all of the animals. Adoptive transfer of tumor antigen-experienced T cells eliminated Pik3ca-null tumors in immunodeficient mice. Loss of PIK3CA or inhibition of its effector, AKT, increased the expression of MHC Class I and CD80 on tumor cells. These changes contributed to the increased susceptibility of Pik3ca-null tumors to T cell surveillance. Our results indicate that tumor cell PIK3CA-AKT signaling limits T cell recognition and clearance of pancreatic cancer cells. Strategies that target this pathway may yield an effective immunotherapy for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Sivaram
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Patrick A. McLaughlin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Han V. Han
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Oleksi Petrenko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Ya-Ping Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Lisa M. Ballou
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Kien Pham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University School of Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University School of Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Adrianus W.M. van der Velden
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Richard Z. Lin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Medical Service, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
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45
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Zhu Y, Ke J, Gong Y, Yang Y, Peng X, Tian J, Zou D, Yang N, Wang X, Mei S, Rao M, Ying P, Deng Y, Wang H, Zhang H, Li B, Wan H, Li Y, Niu S, Cai Y, Zhang M, Lu Z, Zhong R, Miao X, Chang J. A genetic variant in PIK3R1 is associated with pancreatic cancer survival in the Chinese population. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3575-3582. [PMID: 31059194 PMCID: PMC6601582 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest malignancies with few early detection tests or effective therapies. PI3K-AKT signaling is recognized to modulate cancer progression. We previously identified that a genetic variant in PKN1 increased pancreatic cancer risk through the PKN1/FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway. In order to investigate the associations between genetic variations in that pathway and pancreatic cancer prognosis, we conducted a two-stage survival analysis in a total of 547 Chinese pancreatic cancer patients. Consequently, a variant, rs13167294 A>C in PIK3R1, was significantly associated with poor survival in both stages and with hazard ratio being 1.32 (95% CI = 1.13-1.56, P = 0.0007) in the combined analysis. Function annotation and prediction suggested that genetic variants in this locus might affect overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients by regulating PIK3R1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juntao Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajie Gong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiating Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianbo Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danyi Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shufang Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Rao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingting Ying
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoxue Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Wan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyuan Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zequn Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhang SR, Li H, Wang WQ, Jin W, Xu JZ, Xu HX, Wu CT, Gao HL, Li S, Li TJ, Zhang WH, Xu SS, Ni QX, Yu XJ, Liu L. Arpin downregulation is associated with poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2019; 45:769-775. [PMID: 30416079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.10.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arpin (Arp2/3 complex inhibitor), a novel protein found in 2013, plays a pivotal role in cell motility and migration. However, the prognostic value of Arpin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the gene expression of ARPIN using the GEO dataset (GSE71989) and validated the results by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot in our clinical database. Tissue microarray specimens from 214 patients who underwent curative pancreatectomy for PDAC were used. The tumors that expressed high and low levels of Arpin were compared with patient outcome using Kaplan-Meier curves and the multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model. IHC was then used in 43 paired primary tumor tissues and metastasis tissues to detect the expression of Arpin. RESULTS Arpin had low expression in the tumor tissue compared with the paracancerous tissue in PDAC. Patients with low intratumoral Arpin expression had worse overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) than patients with high expression in the training set (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) and validation set (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). The multivariate analysis revealed that the 8th edition TNM stage and Arpin expression were independent prognostic factors associated with OS and RFS in the training and validation sets, respectively. Arpin had lower expression in the metastasis tissues than in the primary tumors of patients with PDAC (p = 0.048). CONCLUSION The Arpin level is an independent prognostic factor that can be a potential predictor to aid in the management of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Wen-Quan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jin-Zhi Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Hua-Xiang Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Chun-Tao Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - He-Li Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Tian-Jiao Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Wu-Hu Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Quan-Xing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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Conway JRW, Herrmann D, Evans TRJ, Morton JP, Timpson P. Combating pancreatic cancer with PI3K pathway inhibitors in the era of personalised medicine. Gut 2019; 68:742-758. [PMID: 30396902 PMCID: PMC6580874 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most deadly solid tumours. This is due to a generally late-stage diagnosis of a primarily treatment-refractory disease. Several large-scale sequencing and mass spectrometry approaches have identified key drivers of this disease and in doing so highlighted the vast heterogeneity of lower frequency mutations that make clinical trials of targeted agents in unselected patients increasingly futile. There is a clear need for improved biomarkers to guide effective targeted therapies, with biomarker-driven clinical trials for personalised medicine becoming increasingly common in several cancers. Interestingly, many of the aberrant signalling pathways in PDAC rely on downstream signal transduction through the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways, which has led to the development of several approaches to target these key regulators, primarily as combination therapies. The following review discusses the trend of PDAC therapy towards molecular subtyping for biomarker-driven personalised therapies, highlighting the key pathways under investigation and their relationship to the PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- James RW Conway
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - TR Jeffry Evans
- Cancer Department, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Department, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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48
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Carrer A, Trefely S, Zhao S, Campbell SL, Norgard RJ, Schultz KC, Sidoli S, Parris JLD, Affronti HC, Sivanand S, Egolf S, Sela Y, Trizzino M, Gardini A, Garcia BA, Snyder NW, Stanger BZ, Wellen KE. Acetyl-CoA Metabolism Supports Multistep Pancreatic Tumorigenesis. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:416-435. [PMID: 30626590 PMCID: PMC6643997 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has a poor prognosis, and new strategies for prevention and treatment are urgently needed. We previously reported that histone H4 acetylation is elevated in pancreatic acinar cells harboring Kras mutations prior to the appearance of premalignant lesions. Because acetyl-CoA abundance regulates global histone acetylation, we hypothesized that altered acetyl-CoA metabolism might contribute to metabolic or epigenetic alterations that promote tumorigenesis. We found that acetyl-CoA abundance is elevated in KRAS-mutant acinar cells and that its use in the mevalonate pathway supports acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM). Pancreas-specific loss of the acetyl-CoA-producing enzyme ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) accordingly suppresses ADM and tumor formation. In PDA cells, growth factors promote AKT-ACLY signaling and histone acetylation, and both cell proliferation and tumor growth can be suppressed by concurrent BET inhibition and statin treatment. Thus, KRAS-driven metabolic alterations promote acinar cell plasticity and tumor development, and targeting acetyl-CoA-dependent processes exerts anticancer effects. SIGNIFICANCE: Pancreatic cancer is among the deadliest of human malignancies. We identify a key role for the metabolic enzyme ACLY, which produces acetyl-CoA, in pancreatic carcinogenesis. The data suggest that acetyl-CoA use for histone acetylation and in the mevalonate pathway facilitates cell plasticity and proliferation, suggesting potential to target these pathways.See related commentary by Halbrook et al., p. 326.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 305.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Carrer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sophie Trefely
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sydney L Campbell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert J Norgard
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kollin C Schultz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Epigenetics Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua L D Parris
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hayley C Affronti
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sharanya Sivanand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shaun Egolf
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yogev Sela
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marco Trizzino
- The Wistar Institute, Gene Expression and Regulation Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alessandro Gardini
- The Wistar Institute, Gene Expression and Regulation Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Epigenetics Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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49
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Lu P, Geng J, Zhang L, Wang Y, Niu N, Fang Y, Liu F, Shi J, Zhang ZG, Sun YW, Wang LW, Tang Y, Xue J. THZ1 reveals CDK7-dependent transcriptional addictions in pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2019; 38:3932-3945. [PMID: 30692639 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy with high mortality. Lack of effective treatment makes novel therapeutic discovery an urgent demand in PDAC research. By screening an epigenetic-related compound library, we identified THZ1, a covalent inhibitor of CDK7, as a promising candidate. Multiple long-established and patient-derived PDAC cell lines (PDC) were used to validate the efficacy of THZ1 in vitro. In addition, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and animal models of PDAC were utilized for examining THZ1 efficacy in vivo. Furthermore, RNA-Seq analyse was performed to reveal the molecular mechanism of THZ1 treatment. Finally, PDAC cell lines with primary or acquired resistance to THZ1 were investigated to explore the potential mechanism of THZ1 susceptibility. CDK7 inhibition was identified as a selective and potent therapeutic strategy for PDAC progression in multiple preclinical models. Mechanistic analyses revealed that CDK7 inhibition led to a pronounced downregulation of gene transcription, with a preferential repression of mitotic cell cycle and NF-κB signaling-related transcripts. MYC transcriptional was found to be involved in susceptibility of PDAC cells to CDK7 inhibition. In conclusion, Identification of CDK7-dependent transcriptional addiction in PDACs provides a potent therapeutic strategy that targets highly aggressive pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningning Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Wei Sun
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yujie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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50
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by an extensive fibroinflammatory reaction that includes immune cells, fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, vascular and lymphatic vessels, and nerves. Overwhelming evidence indicates that the pancreatic cancer microenvironment regulates cancer initiation, progression, and maintenance. Pancreatic cancer treatment has progressed little over the past several decades, and the prognosis remains one of the worst for any cancer. The contribution of the microenvironment to carcinogenesis is a key area of research, offering new potential targets for treating the disease. Here, we explore the composition of the pancreatic cancer stroma, discuss the network of interactions between different components, and describe recent attempts to target the stroma therapeutically. We also discuss current areas of active research related to the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; .,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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