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Tang Q, Xing X, Huang H, Yang J, Li M, Xu X, Gao X, Liang C, Tian W, Liao L. Eliminating senescent cells by white adipose tissue-targeted senotherapy alleviates age-related hepatic steatosis through decreasing lipolysis. GeroScience 2024; 46:3149-3167. [PMID: 38217637 PMCID: PMC11009221 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an important risk factor in the development of hepatic steatosis. Senolytics present therapeutic effects on age-related hepatic steatosis without eliminating senescent hepatocytes directly. Therefore, it highlights the need to find senolytics' therapeutic targets. Dysfunction of adipose tissue underlies the critical pathogenesis of lipotoxicity in the liver. However, the correlation between adipose tissue and hepatic steatosis during aging and its underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. We explored the correlation between white adipose tissue (WAT) and the liver during aging and evaluated the effect of lipolysis of aged WAT on hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte senescence. We screened out the ideal senolytics for WAT and developed a WAT-targeted delivery system for senotherapy. We assessed senescence and lipolysis of WAT and hepatic lipid accumulation after treatment. The results displayed that aging accelerated cellular senescence and facilitated lipolysis of WAT. Free fatty acids (FFAs) generated by WAT during aging enhanced hepatic steatosis and induced hepatocyte senescence. The combined usage of dasatinib and quercetin was screened out as the ideal senolytics to eliminate senescent cells in WAT. To minimize non-specific distribution and enhance the effectiveness of senolytics, liposomes decorated with WAT affinity peptide P3 were constructed for senotherapy in vivo. In vivo study, WAT-targeted treatment eliminated senescent cells in WAT and reduced lipolysis, resulting in the alleviation of hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatocyte senescence when compared to non-targeted treatment, providing a novel tissue-targeted, effective and safe senotherapy for age-related hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaotao Xing
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Laboratory Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haisen Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Maojiao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xun Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Liao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Xie C, Alkhouri N, Elfeki MA. Role of incretins and glucagon receptor agonists in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Opportunities and challenges. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:731-750. [PMID: 38818288 PMCID: PMC11135259 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i5.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, paralleling the rising pandemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Due to the growing global health burden and complex pathogenesis of MASLD, a multifaceted and innovative therapeutic approach is needed. Incretin receptor agonists, which were initially developed for diabetes management, have emerged as promising candidates for MASLD treatment. This review describes the pathophysiological mechanisms and action sites of three major classes of incretin/glucagon receptor agonists: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonists, and glucagon receptor agonists. Incretins and glucagon directly or indirectly impact various organs, including the liver, brain, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and adipose tissue. Thus, these agents significantly improve glycemic control and weight management and mitigate MASLD pathogenesis. Importantly, this study provides a summary of clinical trials analyzing the effectiveness and safety of incretin receptor agonists in MASLD management and provides an in-depth analysis highlighting their beneficial effects on improving liver function, hepatic steatosis, and intrahepatic inflammation. There are emerging challenges associated with the use of these medications in the real world, particularly adverse events, drug-drug interactions, and barriers to access, which are discussed in detail. Additionally, this review highlights the evolving role of incretin receptor agonists in MASLD management and suggests future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, United States
- Department of Hepatology, Avera Mckennan University Hospital and Transplant Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, United States
| | - Naim Alkhouri
- Department of Hepatology, Arizona Liver Health, Chandler, AZ 85712, United States
| | - Mohamed A Elfeki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, United States
- Department of Hepatology, Avera McKennan University Hospital and Transplant Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, United States.
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Jones AK, Bajrami B, Campbell MK, Erzurumluoglu AM, Guo Q, Chen H, Zhang X, Zeveleva S, Kvaskoff D, Brunner AD, Muller S, Gathey V, Dave RM, Tanner JW, Rixen S, Struwe MA, Phoenix K, Klumph KJ, Robinson H, Veyel D, Muller A, Noyvert B, Bartholdy BA, Steixner-Kumar AA, Stutzki J, Drichel D, Omland S, Sheehan R, Hill J, Bretschneider T, Gottschling D, Scheidig AJ, Clement B, Giera M, Ding Z, Broadwater J, Warren CR. mARC1 in MASLD: Modulation of lipid accumulation in human hepatocytes and adipocytes. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0365. [PMID: 38619429 PMCID: PMC11019821 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the gene MTARC1 (mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component 1) protect carriers from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and cirrhosis. MTARC1 encodes the mARC1 enzyme, which is localized to the mitochondria and has no known MASH-relevant molecular function. Our studies aimed to expand on the published human genetic mARC1 data and to observe the molecular effects of mARC1 modulation in preclinical MASH models. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified a novel human structural variant deletion in MTARC1, which is associated with various biomarkers of liver health, including alanine aminotransferase levels. Phenome-wide Mendelian Randomization analyses additionally identified novel putatively causal associations between MTARC1 expression, and esophageal varices and cardiorespiratory traits. We observed that protective MTARC1 variants decreased protein accumulation in in vitro overexpression systems and used genetic tools to study mARC1 depletion in relevant human and mouse systems. Hepatocyte mARC1 knockdown in murine MASH models reduced body weight, liver steatosis, oxidative stress, cell death, and fibrogenesis markers. mARC1 siRNA treatment and overexpression modulated lipid accumulation and cell death consistently in primary human hepatocytes, hepatocyte cell lines, and primary human adipocytes. mARC1 depletion affected the accumulation of distinct lipid species and the expression of inflammatory and mitochondrial pathway genes/proteins in both in vitro and in vivo models. CONCLUSIONS Depleting hepatocyte mARC1 improved metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease-related outcomes. Given the functional role of mARC1 in human adipocyte lipid accumulation, systemic targeting of mARC1 should be considered when designing mARC1 therapies. Our data point to plasma lipid biomarkers predictive of mARC1 abundance, such as Ceramide 22:1. We propose future areas of study to describe the precise molecular function of mARC1, including lipid trafficking and subcellular location within or around the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Jones
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Besnik Bajrami
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Morgan K. Campbell
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Abdullah Mesut Erzurumluoglu
- Department of Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Qiusha Guo
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hongxing Chen
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Svetlana Zeveleva
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - David Kvaskoff
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Andreas-David Brunner
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Stefanie Muller
- Department of Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Vasudha Gathey
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rajvee M. Dave
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - James W. Tanner
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sophia Rixen
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michel A. Struwe
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology-Structural Biology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathryn Phoenix
- Department of Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kaitlyn J. Klumph
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Heather Robinson
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel Veyel
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Annkatrin Muller
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Boris Noyvert
- Department of Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Boris Alexander Bartholdy
- Department of Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Agnes A. Steixner-Kumar
- Department of Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Jan Stutzki
- Department of Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany
- Data Science Chapter, BI X GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Dmitriy Drichel
- Department of Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany
- Data Science Chapter, BI X GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Steffen Omland
- Department of Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany
- Data Science Chapter, BI X GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Ryan Sheehan
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jon Hill
- Department of Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tom Bretschneider
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Dirk Gottschling
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Axel J. Scheidig
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology-Structural Biology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernd Clement
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Giera
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Discovery Science Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany
- The Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Zhihao Ding
- Department of Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - John Broadwater
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Curtis R. Warren
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
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Mounika N, Mungase SB, Verma S, Kaur S, Deka UJ, Ghosh TS, Adela R. Inflammatory Protein Signatures as Predictive Disease-Specific Markers for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02035-0. [PMID: 38676759 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide, consisting of a broad spectrum of diseases such as simple steatosis (NAFL), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatic inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines are considered as contributing factors to NAFLD development and progression. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the inflammatory protein signatures as predictive disease-specific markers for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This cross-sectional study included healthy control (n = 64), NAFL (n = 109), and NASH (n = 60) human subjects. Serum concentrations of various cytokines and chemokines were evaluated using sensitive multiplex assays. We used principal component analysis (PCoA) to reveal distinct differences in the levels of cytokines and chemokines between each of the study groups. Further, a random forest classification model was developed to identify the panel of markers that could predict diseases. The protein-protein network analysis was performed to determine the various signaling pathways associated with the disease-specific panel of markers. Serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, G-CSF, PDGF-BB, MCP-1, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, RANTES, eotaxin, IL-8 and IP-10 were significantly increased in NASH group as compared to control group. Furthermore, serum concentrations of IL-9 and IL-13 were significantly lower in the NASH group, whereas IL-2 levels were significantly decreased in the NAFL group when compared to the control group. PCoA results demonstrated statistically significant differences in cytokines and chemokines between each of the study groups (PERMANOVA p = 0.001; R2 = 0.102). RANTES, IL-1ra, MIP-1b, IL-2, and G-CSF could differentiate the NAFL group from the controls; G-CSF, IL-1ra, TNF-α, RANTES, and IL-9 could differentiate the NASH group from the controls; and G-CSF, IL-9, IL-13, eotaxin, and TNF- α could differentiate the NASH group from the NAFL group. Our protein-protein network revealed that these markers are involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, TNF, chemokine, JAK/STAT, P13K/Akt, TLR, NOD-like receptor, NF-kB, and adipocytokine signaling pathways which might be responsible for disease pathogenesis. Our study findings revealed a set of distinct cytokine and chemokine markers and they might be considered as biomarkers in distinguishing NASH from NAFL. Future multicentre studies with larger sample size are recommended to determine the potential utility of these panels of markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadella Mounika
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam-781101, India
| | - Suraj Bhausaheb Mungase
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam-781101, India
| | - Shivangi Verma
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), Okhla Phase III, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Savneet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Science (ILBS), New Delhi-110 070, Vasant Kunj, India
| | - Utpal Jyoti Deka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Downtown Hospital, GS Road, Bormotoria, Guwahati, Assam-781006, India
| | - Tarini Shankar Ghosh
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), Okhla Phase III, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Ramu Adela
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam-781101, India.
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Bao B, Xu S, Sun P, Zheng L. Neutrophil to albumin ratio: a biomarker in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and with liver fibrosis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1368459. [PMID: 38650638 PMCID: PMC11033504 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1368459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Given the high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its potential to progress to liver fibrosis, it is crucial to identify the presence of NAFLD in patients to guide their subsequent management. However, the current availability of non-invasive biomarkers for NAFLD remains limited. Therefore, further investigation is needed to identify and develop non-invasive biomarkers for NAFLD. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 11,883 patients admitted to the Healthcare Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, from January 2016 to December 2019 and divided into NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups. Anthropometric and laboratory examination data were collected. The correlations between variables and NAFLD were evaluated using the student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test and binary logistic regression analysis. The predictive ability of these variables for NAFLD was assessed using the areas under the curves (AUCs) of receiver operating characteristics. Results Among the included patients, 3,872 (32.58%) were diagnosed with NAFLD, with 386 (9.97%) individuals having liver fibrosis. Patients with NAFLD exhibited a higher proportion of males, elevated body mass index (BMI), and increased likelihood of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. Logistic regression analysis identified the neutrophil to albumin ratio (NAR) as the most promising novel inflammation biomarkers, with the highest AUC value of 0.701, a cut-off value of 0.797, sensitivity of 69.40%, and specificity of 66.00% in identifying the risk of NAFLD. Moreover, NAR demonstrated superior predictive value in identifying NAFLD patients at risk of liver fibrosis, with an AUC value of 0.795, sensitivity of 71.30%, and specificity of 73.60% when NAR reached 1.285. Conclusion These findings highlight that the novel inflammatory biomarker, NAR, is a convenient and easily accessible non-invasive predictor for NAFLD and NAFLD with liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banghe Bao
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liduan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ichimura-Shimizu M, Kurrey K, Miyata M, Dezawa T, Tsuneyama K, Kojima M. Emerging Insights into the Role of BDNF on Health and Disease in Periphery. Biomolecules 2024; 14:444. [PMID: 38672461 PMCID: PMC11048455 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a growth factor that promotes the survival and growth of developing neurons. It also enhances circuit formation to synaptic transmission for mature neurons in the brain. However, reduced BDNF expression and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are reported to be associated with functional deficit and disease development in the brain, suggesting that BDNF is a crucial molecule for brain health. Interestingly, BDNF is also expressed in the hypothalamus in appetite and energy metabolism. Previous reports demonstrated that BDNF knockout mice exhibited overeating and obesity phenotypes remarkably. Therefore, we could raise a hypothesis that the loss of function of BDNF may be associated with metabolic syndrome and peripheral diseases. In this review, we describe our recent finding that BDNF knockout mice develop metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and recent reports demonstrating the role of one of the BDNF receptors, TrkB-T1, in some peripheral organ functions and diseases, and would provide an insight into the role of BDNF beyond the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Ichimura-Shimizu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.I.-S.); (K.T.)
| | - Khuleshwari Kurrey
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Misaki Miyata
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Bioscience and Chemistry, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 3-1 Yatsukaho, Hakusan 924-0838, Japan; (M.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Takuya Dezawa
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Bioscience and Chemistry, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 3-1 Yatsukaho, Hakusan 924-0838, Japan; (M.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.I.-S.); (K.T.)
| | - Masami Kojima
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Bioscience and Chemistry, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 3-1 Yatsukaho, Hakusan 924-0838, Japan; (M.M.); (T.D.)
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Jokinen MJ, Luukkonen PK. Hepatic mitochondrial reductive stress in the pathogenesis and treatment of steatotic liver disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:319-334. [PMID: 38471991 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Steatotic liver diseases (SLDs) affect one-third of the population, but the pathogenesis underlying these diseases is not well understood, limiting the available treatments. A common factor in SLDs is increased hepatic mitochondrial reductive stress, which occurs as a result of excessive lipid and alcohol metabolism. Recent research has also shown that genetic risk factors contribute to this stress. This review aims to explore how these risk factors increase hepatic mitochondrial reductive stress and how it disrupts hepatic metabolism, leading to SLDs. Additionally, the review will discuss the latest clinical studies on pharmaceutical treatments for SLDs, specifically peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonists, thyroid hormone receptor (THR) agonists, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors, and mitochondrial uncouplers. These treatments have a common effect of decreasing hepatic mitochondrial reductive stress, which has been largely overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari J Jokinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Panu K Luukkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Lekakis V, Papatheodoridis GV. Natural history of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 122:3-10. [PMID: 37940495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which has been the term for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) since June 2023, represents the most common liver disease worldwide and is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. A thorough knowledge of the disease's natural history is required to promptly stratify patients' risks, since MASLD is a multifaceted disorder with a broad range of clinical phenotypes. The histological disease spectrum ranges from isolated hepatic steatosis, currently named as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver (MASL), to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and eventually may accumulate hepatic fibrosis and develop cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several risk factors for fibrosis progression have been identified, while the disease's progression displays notable dynamism and bidirectionality. When compared to the general population, all MASLD histological stages are substantially related with greater overall mortality, and this association exhibits a disease severity-dependent pattern. Interestingly, the fibrosis stage is the most accurate predictor of mortality among MASLD patients. The mortality attributed to MASLD predominantly stems from issues linked with the liver and cardiovascular system, as well as HCC and extrahepatic cancers. In light of the disease natural course, it is crucial to prioritize the identification of at-risk patients for disease progression in order to effectively address and change modifiable risk factors, hence mitigating disease complications. Further investigation is required to define the phenotype of rapid progressors more precisely as well as to improve risk stratification for HCC in non-cirrhotic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Lekakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", 17 Agiou Thoma Street, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - George V Papatheodoridis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", 17 Agiou Thoma Street, Athens 11527, Greece.
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Li Z, Wang S, Xu Q, Su X, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhang Y. The double roles of T cell-mediated immune response in the progression of MASLD. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116333. [PMID: 38479177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), has become a major cause of chronic liver disease and a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma, which poses a huge burden on global public health and economy. MASLD includes steatotic liver disease, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis, and the latter two cause great harm to human health and life, even complicated with liver cancer. Immunologic mechanism plays a major role in promoting its development into hepatitis and cirrhosis. Now more and more evidences show that T cells play an important role in the progression of MASLD. In this review, we discuss the double roles of T cells in MASLD from the perspective of T cell response pathways, as well as new evidences regarding the possible application of immunomodulatory therapy in MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Qinchen Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250021, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Third Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250031, China.
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Huang CC, Yeh HY, Lin R, Liao TL, Shen HC, Yang YY, Lin HC. Inhibition of visceral adipose tissue-derived pathogenic signals by activation of adenosine A 2AR improves hepatic and cardiac dysfunction of NASH mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G385-G397. [PMID: 38252682 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00104.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A2AR-disrupted mice is characterized by severe systemic and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation. Increasing adenosine cyclase (AC), cAMP, and protein kinase A (PKA) formation through A2AR activation suppress systemic/VAT inflammation in obese mice. This study explores the effects of 4 wk A2AR agonist PSB0777 treatment on the VAT-driven pathogenic signals in hepatic and cardiac dysfunction of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) obese mice. Among NASH mice with cardiac dysfunction, simultaneous decrease in the A2AR, AC, cAMP, and PKA levels were observed in VAT, liver, and heart. PSB0777 treatment significantly restores AC, cAMP, PKA, and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) levels, decreased SREBP-1/FASN, MCP-1, and CD68 levels, reduces infiltrated CD11b+ F4/80+ cells and adipogenesis in VAT of NASH + PSB0777 mice. The changes in VAT were accompanied by the suppression of hepatic and cardiac lipogenic/inflammatory/injury/apoptotic/fibrotic markers, the normalization of cardiac contractile [sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2)] marker, and cardiac dysfunction. The in vitro approach revealed that conditioned media (CM) of VAT of NASH mice (CMnash) trigger palmitic acid (PA)-like lipotoxic (lipogenic/inflammatory/apoptotic/fibrotic) effects in AML-12 and H9c2 cell systems. Significantly, A2AR agonist pretreatment-related normalization of A2AR-AC-cAMP-PKA levels was associated with the attenuation of CMnash-related upregulation of lipotoxic markers and the normalization of lipolytic (AML-12 cells) or contractile (H9C2 cells) marker/contraction. The in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that A2AR agonists are potential agent to inhibit the effects of VAT inflammation-driven pathogenic signals on the hepatic and cardiac lipogenesis, inflammation, injury, apoptosis, fibrosis, hypocontractility, and subsequently improve hepatic and cardiac dysfunction in NASH mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Protective role of adenosine A2AR receptor (A2AR) and AC-cAMP-PKA signaling against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) possibly via its actions on adipocytes is well known in the past decade. Thus, this study evaluates pharmacological activities of A2AR agonist PSB0777, which has already demonstrated to treat NASH. In this study, the inhibition of visceral adipose tissue-derived pathogenic signals by activation of adenosine A2AR with A2AR agonist PSB0777 improves the hepatic and cardiac dysfunction of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NASH mice.
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Grants
- MOST-110-2634-F-A49-005,NSTC 112-2314-B-A49 -043 -MY3 MOST | Hsinchu Science Park Bureau, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (HSP)
- MOST 111-2410-H-075-001 MOST | Hsinchu Science Park Bureau, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (HSP)
- V112C-018,V112C-030,VTA112-A-3-3& V112EA-009 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- 112Q58504Y National Yang-Ming Chiao University
- MOST-110-2634-F-A49-005,NSTC 112-2314-B-A49 -043 -MY3 NSTC | Hsinchu Science Park Bureau, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (HSP)
- MOST 111-2410-H-075-001 NSTC | Hsinchu Science Park Bureau, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (HSP)
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chang Huang
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Yeh
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Roger Lin
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ling Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chin Shen
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology of Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Boesch M, Lindhorst A, Feio-Azevedo R, Brescia P, Silvestri A, Lannoo M, Deleus E, Jaekers J, Topal H, Topal B, Ostyn T, Wallays M, Smets L, Van Melkebeke L, Härtlova A, Roskams T, Bedossa P, Verbeek J, Govaere O, Francque S, Sifrim A, Voet T, Rescigno M, Gericke M, Korf H, van der Merwe S. Adipose tissue macrophage dysfunction is associated with a breach of vascular integrity in NASH. J Hepatol 2024; 80:397-408. [PMID: 37977244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), monocytes infiltrate visceral adipose tissue promoting local and hepatic inflammation. However, it remains unclear what drives inflammation and how the immune landscape in adipose tissue differs across the NAFLD severity spectrum. We aimed to assess adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) heterogeneity in a NAFLD cohort. METHODS Visceral adipose tissue macrophages from lean and obese patients, stratified by NAFLD phenotypes, underwent single-cell RNA sequencing. Adipose tissue vascular integrity and breaching was assessed on a protein level via immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to determine targets of interest. RESULTS We discovered multiple ATM populations, including resident vasculature-associated macrophages (ResVAMs) and distinct metabolically active macrophages (MMacs). Using trajectory analysis, we show that ResVAMs and MMacs are replenished by a common transitional macrophage (TransMac) subtype and that, during NASH, MMacs are not effectively replenished by TransMac precursors. We postulate an accessory role for MMacs and ResVAMs in protecting the adipose tissue vascular barrier, since they both interact with endothelial cells and localize around the vasculature. However, across the NAFLD severity spectrum, alterations occur in these subsets that parallel an adipose tissue vasculature breach characterized by albumin extravasation into the perivascular tissue. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD-related macrophage dysfunction coincides with a loss of adipose tissue vascular integrity, providing a plausible mechanism by which tissue inflammation is perpetuated in adipose tissue and downstream in the liver. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Our study describes for the first time the myeloid cell landscape in human visceral adipose tissue at single-cell level within a cohort of well-characterized patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We report unique non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-specific transcriptional changes within metabolically active macrophages (MMacs) and resident vasculature-associated macrophages (ResVAMs) and we demonstrate their spatial location surrounding the vasculature. These dysfunctional transcriptional macrophage states coincided with the loss of adipose tissue vascular integrity, providing a plausible mechanism by which tissue inflammation is perpetuated in adipose tissue and downstream in the liver. Our study provides a theoretical basis for new therapeutic strategies to be directed towards reinstating the endogenous metabolic, homeostatic and cytoprotective functions of ResVAMs and MMacs, including their role in protecting vascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Boesch
- Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Rita Feio-Azevedo
- Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paola Brescia
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Ellen Deleus
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Jaekers
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Halit Topal
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Baki Topal
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tessa Ostyn
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie Wallays
- Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lena Smets
- Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lukas Van Melkebeke
- Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anetta Härtlova
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tania Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- Department of Pathology, Physiology and Imaging, Beaujon Hospital Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Jef Verbeek
- Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (TWI2N), Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Sifrim
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Multi-omic Integrative Bioinformatics, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Voet
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Rescigno
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Schalk van der Merwe
- Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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He HM, Zheng SW, Chen YN, Zhu LY, Wang Z, Jiao SQ, Yang FR, Sun YH. A Comparison of the Prognostic Value of Liver Fibrosis Scores in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes. Angiology 2024; 75:219-230. [PMID: 37658802 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231197230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis scores have been demonstrated to be associated with poor prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, no studies have compared the prognostic value of these scores in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with and without diabetes. We retrospectively enrolled 1576 AMI patients who underwent PCI. There were 177 all-cause deaths and 111 cardiac deaths during follow-up (median 3.8 years). The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS) showed a better prognostic value than the fibrosis-8 (FIB-8) score (Harrell's C-index: 0.703 vs 0.671, P = .014) and the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score (Harrell's C-index: 0.703 vs 0.648, P < .001) in the overall population. In the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis, the NFS also had the highest area under the curve across all time points. Consistent results were observed in diabetic and non-diabetic populations. Adding the NFS to traditional cardiovascular risk factors significantly improved the prediction both for all-cause mortality (Harrell's C-index: 0.806 vs 0.771, P < .001) and cardiac death (Harrell's C-index: 0.800 vs 0.771, P = .014). The NFS showed a better prognostic value than the FIB-8 score and the FIB-4 score in patients with AMI undergoing PCI, which might be preferable for estimating the risk of mortality regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ming He
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Wen Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Nong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Yang Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Qi Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Rong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Hong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Bilson J, Oquendo CJ, Read J, Scorletti E, Afolabi PR, Lord J, Bindels LB, Targher G, Mahajan S, Baralle D, Calder PC, Byrne CD, Sethi JK. Markers of adipose tissue fibrogenesis associate with clinically significant liver fibrosis and are unchanged by synbiotic treatment in patients with NAFLD. Metabolism 2024; 151:155759. [PMID: 38101770 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) dysfunction contributes to NAFLD pathogenesis and may be influenced by the gut microbiota. Whether transcript profiles of SAT are associated with liver fibrosis and are influenced by synbiotic treatment (that changes the gut microbiome) is unknown. We investigated: (a) whether the presence of clinically significant, ≥F2 liver fibrosis associated with adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, differential gene expression in SAT, and/or a marker of tissue fibrosis (Composite collagen gene expression (CCGE)); and (b) whether synbiotic treatment modified markers of AT dysfunction and the SAT transcriptome. METHODS Sixty-two patients with NAFLD (60 % men) were studied before and after 12 months of treatment with synbiotic or placebo and provided SAT samples. Vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE)-validated thresholds were used to assess liver fibrosis. RNA-sequencing and histological analysis of SAT were performed to determine differential gene expression, CCGE and the presence of collagen fibres. Regression modelling and receiver operator characteristic curve analysis were used to test associations with, and risk prediction for, ≥F2 liver fibrosis. RESULTS Patients with ≥F2 liver fibrosis (n = 24) had altered markers of AT dysfunction and a SAT gene expression signature characterised by enrichment of inflammatory and extracellular matrix-associated genes, compared to those with CONCLUSION A differential gene expression signature in SAT associates with ≥F2 liver fibrosis is explained by a measure of systemic insulin resistance and is not changed by synbiotic treatment. SAT CCGE values are a good predictor of ≥F2 liver fibrosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Bilson
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Carolina J Oquendo
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - James Read
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Eleonora Scorletti
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Division of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul R Afolabi
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jenny Lord
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UC Louvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Welbio department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy; Metabolic Diseases Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Diana Baralle
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | - Jaswinder K Sethi
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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14
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Xu J, Zhang X, E Y, Wang W, Zhou J, Shi Y, Chen S. Relationship Between Liver Fibrosis and Increased Risk of Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Ischemic Stroke Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:101-108. [PMID: 38260047 PMCID: PMC10802170 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s450061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Liver fibrosis has been reported to be associated with hematoma expansion and mortality in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. This study aimed to detect the association between liver fibrosis and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) in ischemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Methods We retrospectively included patients with large artery occlusion in the anterior circulation and treated with MT at a single stroke center. The fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) was used to assess the severity of liver fibrosis. sICH was diagnosed according to the Heidelberg Bleeding Classification criteria. Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were conducted to examine the relationship between liver fibrosis and sICH. Results Among the 578 patients (mean age, 70.1 years; 58.5% male) included in the study, 65 (11.2%) individuals were diagnosed with sICH. After adjusting for demographic characteristics and other potential confounders, a higher FIB-4 index was found to be independently associated with an increased risk of sICH (odds ratio: 1.306, 95% confidence interval: 1.127-1.512, P=0.001). Similar results were obtained when analyzing FIB-4 as a categorical variable. Conclusion This study demonstrated that there is a significant association between FIB-4 and the risk of sICH in patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent MT. Therefore, liver fibrosis could serve as a valuable parameter in monitoring the risk of sICH following MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan E
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junshan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuaiyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Lee JH, Park J, Ahn SB. Different Associations of Coffee Consumption with the Risk of Incident Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Advanced Liver Fibrosis. Nutrients 2023; 16:140. [PMID: 38201969 PMCID: PMC10781101 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although coffee has a potential hepatoprotective effect, evidence of the relationship between coffee consumption and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains conflicting. There is limited evidence regarding the most appropriate coffee intake to prevent advanced liver fibrosis (ALF) in patients with MASLD. We investigated the effect of coffee consumption on MASLD and ALF among 5266 participants without MASLD and 1326 with MASLD but without ALF. Participants were grouped by coffee intake: non-consumers, >0 and <1 cups/day, ≥1 and <2 cups/day, and ≥2 cups/day. Over a median follow-up of 11.6 years for MASLD and 15.7 years for ALF, coffee consumption did not significantly affect the incidence of MASLD, with 2298 new cases observed. However, a notable inverse association was found with ALF risk in patients with MASLD among those consuming coffee ≥2 cups/day (adjusted HR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37-0.90, p = 0.014), especially among those consuming coffee ≥2 and <3 cups/day (adjusted HR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.30-0.89, p = 0.018). This suggests a potential hepatoprotective effect of coffee, especially in preventing the progression of liver fibrosis in patients with MASLD. These findings propose that coffee consumption could be a simple and effective approach to mitigate the risk of ALF in individuals with MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - JooYong Park
- Department of Big Data Medical Convergence, Eulji University, Seongnam-si 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea
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16
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Liu W, Liu T, Zhao Q, Ma J, Jiang J, Shi H. Adipose Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Strategy for Metabolic Disorders. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:9517826. [PMID: 38169960 PMCID: PMC10761228 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9517826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an important role in systemic energy metabolism, and its dysfunction can lead to severe metabolic disorders. Various cells in adipose tissue communicate with each other to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as novel medium for remote intercellular communication by transferring various bioactive molecules from parental cells to distant target cells. Increasing evidence suggests that the endocrine functions of adipose tissue and even the metabolic homeostasis are largely affected by different cell-derived EVs, such as insulin signaling, lipolysis, and metabolically triggered inflammation regulations. Here, we provide an overview focused on the role of EVs released by different cell types of adipose tissue in metabolic diseases and their possible molecular mechanisms and highlight the potential applications of EVs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Moreover, the current EVs-based therapeutic strategies have also been discussed. This trial is registered with NCT05475418.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on sEVs Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyan Liu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junqiu Ma
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia Jiang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on sEVs Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Gu S, Qiao Y, Liu S, Yang S, Cong S, Wang S, Yu D, Wang W, Chai X. Frontiers and hotspots of adipose tissue and NAFLD: a bibliometric analysis from 2002 to 2022. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1278952. [PMID: 38187139 PMCID: PMC10768199 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1278952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The annual incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to rise steadily. In recent years, adipose tissue (AT) has gained recognition as a pivotal contributor to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Employing bibliometric analysis, we examined literature concerning AT and NAFLD. Methods: Relevant literature on AT in NAFLD from 1980 to 2022 was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection. These records were visualized using CiteSpace and VOSviewer regarding publications, countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords. Results: Since 2002, a total of 3,330 papers have been included, exhibiting an annual surge in publications. Notably, the quality of publications is superior in the USA and Europe. Kenneth Cusi stands out as the author with the highest number of publications and H-index. Hepatology is the journal boasting the highest citation and H-index. The University of California System holds the highest centrality among institutions. References specifically delve into physiological processes associated with AT in NAFLD. Currently, lipid metabolism and inflammation constitute the principal research mechanisms in the AT-based regulation of NAFLD, with pertinent keywords including microRNA, T cell, hypoxia, sarcopenia, hepatokine, gut microbiota, and autophagy. The Mediterranean diet is among the most widely recommended dietary approaches for potential NAFLD treatment. Conclusion: This paper represents the inaugural bibliometric study on the effects of AT on NAFLD, offering valuable insights and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiao Gu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Qiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Susu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangjie Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shibo Cong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sili Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Deshuai Yu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlou Chai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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18
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Salvoza N, Giraudi P, Gazzin S, Bonazza D, Palmisano S, de Manzini N, Zanconati F, Raseni A, Sirianni F, Tiribelli C, Rosso N. The potential role of omentin-1 in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: evidence from translational studies. J Transl Med 2023; 21:906. [PMID: 38082368 PMCID: PMC10714452 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, characterized by visceral adipose tissue (VAT) expansion, is closely associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Recent research has highlighted the crucial role of the adipose tissue-liver axis in the development of MASLD. In this study, we investigated the potential role of omentin-1, a novel adipokine expressed by VAT, in obesity-related MASLD pathogenesis. METHODS Through in silico analysis of differentially expressed genes in VAT from obese patients with and without MASH, we identified omentin-1 as a significant candidate. To validate our findings, we measured omentin-1 levels in VAT and plasma of lean controls and obese patients with biopsy-proven MASLD. Additionally, we assessed omentin-1 expression in the VAT of diet-induced mice MASLD model. In vitro and ex vivo studies were conducted to investigate the effects of omentin-1 on MASLD-related mechanisms, including steatosis, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and oxidative stress. We also analyzed the impact of D-glucose and insulin on VAT omentin-1 levels ex vivo. RESULTS Compared to the lean group, the obese groups exhibited significantly lower VAT and plasma levels of omentin-1. Interestingly, within the obese groups, omentin-1 is further decreased in MASH groups, independent of fibrosis. Likewise, VAT of mice fed with high-fat diet, showing histological signs of MASH showed decreased omentin-1 levels as compared to their control diet counterpart. In vitro experiments on fat-laden human hepatocytes revealed that omentin-1 did not affect steatosis but significantly reduced TNF-α levels, ER stress, and oxidative stress. Similar results were obtained using ex vivo VAT explants from obese patients upon omentin-1 supplementation. Furthermore, omentin-1 decreased the mRNA expression of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK and JNK). Ex vivo VAT explants showed that D-glucose and insulin significantly reduced omentin-1 mRNA expression and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings suggest that reduced omentin-1 levels contribute to the development of MASLD. Omentin-1 supplementation likely exerts its beneficial effects through the inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, and it may additionally play a role in the regulation of glucose and insulin metabolism. Further research is warranted to explore omentin-1 as a potential therapeutic target and/or biomarker for MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Salvoza
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, ONLUS Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- School of Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pablo Giraudi
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, ONLUS Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, ONLUS Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Cattinara Hospital, ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Palmisano
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, ONLUS Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicolò de Manzini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Alan Raseni
- Clinical Chemistry Urgency Laboratory Spoke, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Paediatric Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Sirianni
- Clinical Chemistry Urgency Laboratory Spoke, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Paediatric Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, ONLUS Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Natalia Rosso
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, ONLUS Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
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19
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Ichimura-Shimizu M, Kojima M, Suzuki S, Miyata M, Osaki Y, Matsui K, Mizui T, Tsuneyama K. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor knock-out mice develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Pathol 2023; 261:465-476. [PMID: 37781961 DOI: 10.1002/path.6204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
While brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is a growth factor associated with cognitive improvement and the alleviation of depression symptoms, is known to regulate food intake and body weight, the role of BDNF in peripheral disease is not fully understood. Here, we show that reduced BDNF expression is associated with weight gain and the chronic liver disease non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). At 10 months of age, BDNF-heterozygous (BDNF+/- ) mice developed symptoms of NASH: centrilobular/perivenular steatosis, lobular inflammation with infiltration of neutrophils, ballooning hepatocytes, and fibrosis of the liver. Obesity and higher serum levels of glucose and insulin - major pathologic features in human NASH - were dramatic. Dying adipocytes were surrounded by macrophages in visceral fat, suggesting that chronic inflammation occurs in peripheral organs. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) studies of the liver revealed that the most significantly enriched Gene Ontology term involved fatty acid metabolic processes and the modulation of neutrophil aggregation, pathologies that well characterise NASH. Gene expression analysis by RNA-seq also support the notion that BDNF+/- mice are under oxidative stress, as indicated by alterations in the expression of the cytochrome P450 family and a reduction in glutathione S-transferase p, an antioxidant enzyme. Histopathologic phenotypes of NASH were also observed in a knock-in mouse (BDNF+/pro ), in which the precursor BDNF is inefficiently converted into the mature form of BDNF. Lastly, as BDNF reduction causes overeating and subsequent obesity, a food restriction study was conducted in BDNF+/pro mice. Pair-fed BDNF+/pro mice developed hepatocellular damage and showed infiltration of inflammatory cells, including neutrophils in the liver, despite having body weights and blood parameters that were comparable to those of controls. This is the first report demonstrating that reduced BDNF expression plays a role in the pathogenic mechanism of NASH, which is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Ichimura-Shimizu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masami Kojima
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Bioscience and Chemistry, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Ishikawa, Japan
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Misaki Miyata
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Bioscience and Chemistry, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yui Osaki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Konomi Matsui
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Mizui
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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20
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Domingues I, Leclercq IA, Beloqui A. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Current therapies and future perspectives in drug delivery. J Control Release 2023; 363:415-434. [PMID: 37769817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects approximately 25% of the adult population worldwide. This pathology can progress into end-stage liver disease with life-threatening complications, and yet no pharmacologic therapy has been approved. NAFLD is commonly characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver and is in closely associated with insulin resistance and metabolic disorders, which suggests that NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Regarding treatment options, the current validated strategy relies on lifestyle modifications (exercise and diet restrictions). Although there are no approved drug-based treatments, several clinical trials are ongoing. Novel targets are being discovered, and the repurposing of drugs that show promising effects in NAFLD is starting to gain more interest. The field of nanotechnology has been growing at an increasing rate, with new and more efficient drug delivery strategies being developed for NAFLD treatment. Nanocarriers can easily encapsulate drugs that need to be better protected from the organism to exert their effect or that need help at reaching their target, thereby helping achieve a better bioavailability. Drug delivery systems can also be designed to target the site of the disease, in this case, the liver. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of NAFLD pathology, the targets being considered for clinical trials, and the current guidelines and ongoing clinical trials, with a specific focus on potential oral treatments for NAFLD using promising drug delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Domingues
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle A Leclercq
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 53, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ana Beloqui
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium.
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21
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Atorrasagasti C, Onorato AM, Mazzolini G. The role of SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) in the pathogenesis of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:815-831. [PMID: 36018492 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with pleiotropic functions, which is expressed in adipose, hepatic, muscular, and pancreatic tissue. Particularly, several studies demonstrated that SPARC is an important player in the context of obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease including advanced hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Evidence in murine and human samples indicates that SPARC is involved in adipogenesis, cellular metabolism, extracellular matrix modulation, glucose and lipid metabolism, among others. Furthermore, studies in SPARC knockout mouse model showed that SPARC contributes to adipose tissue formation, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and diabetes. Hence, SPARC may represent a novel and interesting target protein for future therapeutic interventions or a biomarker of disease progression. This review summarizes the role of SPARC in the pathophysiology of obesity, and extensively revised SPARC functions in physiological and pathological adipose tissue deposition, muscle metabolism, liver, and diabetes-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Atorrasagasti
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500 (B1629AHJ) Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Agostina M Onorato
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500 (B1629AHJ) Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Mazzolini
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500 (B1629AHJ) Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500 (B1629AHJ) Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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22
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Martínez–Sánchez C, Bassegoda O, Deng H, Almodóvar X, Ibarzabal A, de Hollanda A, Martínez García de la Torre R, Blaya D, Ariño S, Jiménez-Esquivel N, Aguilar-Bravo B, Vallverdú J, Montironi C, Osorio-Conles O, Fundora Y, Sánchez Moreno FJ, Gómez-Valadés AG, Aguilar-Corominas L, Soria A, Pose E, Juanola A, Cervera M, Perez M, Hernández-Gea V, Affò S, Swanson KS, Ferrer-Fàbrega J, Balibrea JM, Sancho-Bru P, Vidal J, Ginès P, Smith AM, Graupera I, Coll M. Therapeutic targeting of adipose tissue macrophages ameliorates liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100830. [PMID: 37701336 PMCID: PMC10494470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims : The accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in obesity has been associated with hepatic injury. However, the contribution of ATMs to hepatic fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains to be elucidated. Herein, we investigate the relationship between ATMs and liver fibrosis in patients with patients with NAFLD and evaluate the impact of modulation of ATMs over hepatic fibrosis in an experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model. Methods Adipose tissue and liver biopsies from 42 patients with NAFLD with different fibrosis stages were collected. ATMs were characterised by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry and the correlation between ATMs and liver fibrosis stages was assessed. Selective modulation of the ATM phenotype was achieved by i.p. administration of dextran coupled with dexamethasone in diet-induced obesity and NASH murine models. Chronic administration effects were evaluated by histology and gene expression analysis in adipose tissue and liver samples. In vitro crosstalk between human ATMs and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and liver spheroids was performed. Results Patients with NAFLD presented an increased accumulation of pro-inflammatory ATMs that correlated with hepatic fibrosis. Long-term modulation of ATMs significantly reduced pro-inflammatory phenotype and ameliorated adipose tissue inflammation. Moreover, ATMs modulation was associated with an improvement in steatosis and hepatic inflammation and significantly reduced fibrosis progression in an experimental NASH model. In vitro, the reduction of the pro-inflammatory phenotype of human ATMs with dextran-dexamethasone treatment reduced the secretion of inflammatory chemokines and directly attenuated the pro-fibrogenic response in HSCs and liver spheroids. Conclusions Pro-inflammatory ATMs increase in parallel with fibrosis degree in patients with NAFLD and their modulation in an experimental NASH model improves liver fibrosis, uncovering the potential of ATMs as a therapeutic target to mitigate liver fibrosis in NAFLD. Impact and implications We report that human adipose tissue pro-inflammatory macrophages correlate with hepatic fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Furthermore, the modulation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) by dextran-nanocarrier conjugated with dexamethasone shifts the pro-inflammatory phenotype of ATMs to an anti-inflammatory phenotype in an experimental murine model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. This shift ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis. Our results highlight the relevance of adipose tissue in NAFLD pathophysiology and unveil ATMs as a potential target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Martínez–Sánchez
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Octavi Bassegoda
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hongping Deng
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Xènia Almodóvar
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainitze Ibarzabal
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana de Hollanda
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Delia Blaya
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Ariño
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Jiménez-Esquivel
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Aguilar-Bravo
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Vallverdú
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Montironi
- Molecular Biology Core & Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Osorio-Conles
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yiliam Fundora
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alicia G. Gómez-Valadés
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Aguilar-Corominas
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Soria
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Pose
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Juanola
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cervera
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martina Perez
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Hernández-Gea
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Affò
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kelly S. Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Joana Ferrer-Fàbrega
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Clínic Liver Cancer Group (BCLC), IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Hepatic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery and Liver and Pancreatic Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Institute Clínic of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (ICMDiM), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Balibrea
- Endocrine, Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pere Ginès
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew M. Smith
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Isabel Graupera
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIABPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Coll
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Shi SY, Jia F, Wang MF, Zhou YF, Li JJ. Impacts of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on Acute Coronary Syndrome: Evidence and Controversies. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:751-768. [PMID: 37768409 PMCID: PMC10564833 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are two clinically common disease entities that share numerous risk factors. This review aimed to discuss the impacts of NAFLD on ACS. RECENT FINDINGS In an era of improved control of traditional risk factors, the substantial burden of cardiometabolic abnormalities has caused widespread concern. NAFLD is considered the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome, which can exert an impact on human health beyond the liver. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that NAFLD is closely related to cardiovascular disease, especially coronary artery disease. Interestingly, although recent data have suggested an association between NAFLD and the incidence and outcomes of ACS, the results are not consistent. In this review, we comprehensively summarized evidence and controversies regarding whether NAFLD is a contributor to either the development of ACS or worse outcomes in patients with ACS. The potential pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the impacts of NAFLD on ACS were also elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Yi Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Fang Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Meng-Fei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ya-Feng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Cardio-Metabolism Center, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 10037, China.
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24
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Barroso LN, Salarini J, Leite NC, Villela-Nogueira CA, Dávalos A, Carmo MDGT, Ferreira Peres WA. Effect of fish oil supplementation on the concentration of miRNA-122, FGF-21 and liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: Study protocol for a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:117-125. [PMID: 37739645 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To date, no specific drugs are available for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), though the effect of fish oil supplementation on improving fibrosis in patients with NAFLD has been evaluated. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may modulate the concentration of microRNAs (miRNAs) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21, which have been identified as non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis. The present study aims to evaluate whether n-3 PUFA supplementation can modulate miRNA-122 and FGF-21 and improve liver fibrosis and steatosis, measured by transient hepatic elastography (THE), in individuals with NAFLD. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial will be conducted to evaluate the effect of 4 g/day supplementation of fish oil (2100 mg EPA and 924 mg DHA) in patients with NAFLD over a 6-month period. Fifty-two patients aged >19 years will be randomly assigned to either a placebo (olive oil) or treatment (fish oil) group. Anthropometric data, food intake, physical activity, body composition, resting energy expenditure (evaluated using indirect calorimetry), liver enzymes, platelets, lipids and glucose profile, inflammatory markers (such as C-reactive protein, neutrophil/lymphocyte, platelet/lymphocyte, and monocyte/lymphocyte ratios), miRNA-122 and FGF-21 concentration, and incorporation of fatty acids into the erythrocyte membrane (analyzed using gas chromatography) as well as the degree of liver fibrosis and steatosis assessed using THE (Fibroscan® Touch 502, Paris, France) and liver biomarkers Steato-Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, Fatty Liver Index, NAFLD Fibrosis Score, Fibrosis-4 score, and FibroScan-AST score will be evaluated at the beginning and end of the treatment. Continuous variables with normal distribution will be compared between placebo and intervention groups using Student's T test for independent samples; continuous non-parametric variables will be compared using Dunn or Mann-Whitney test. Associations between categorical variables will be analyzed using the chi-square test, and within-group differences will be evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. The criterion for determining significance will be set at 5%. CONCLUSION The present study protocol will investigate the supplementation of EPA-rich fish oil as an alternative treatment for NAFLD and its feasibility in affecting the concentration of miRNA-122 and FGF-21 markers. Its findings will offer valuable contributions to the literature. REGISTRATION ReBEC number RBR-8dp876.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lygia N Barroso
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 367/CCS - Block J2, University City-Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; School of (M)edicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 255 - University City-Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jessica Salarini
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 367/CCS - Block J2, University City-Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; School of (M)edicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 255 - University City-Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Carvalho Leite
- School of (M)edicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 255 - University City-Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane A Villela-Nogueira
- School of (M)edicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 255 - University City-Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria das Graças Tavares Carmo
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 367/CCS - Block J2, University City-Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wilza Arantes Ferreira Peres
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 367/CCS - Block J2, University City-Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Wang R, Cai L, Liu Y, Zhang J, He M, Xu J. Liver fibrosis score is associated with the mortality of traumatic brain injury patients. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:201. [PMID: 37581745 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The fibrosis-4 score is a marker of liver fibrosis and has been confirmed to be associated with the prognosis of various diseases. There is no study exploring the prognostic value of the fibrosis-4 score in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. We design this study to explore the association between the fibrosis-4 score and mortality from TBI. TBI patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III database were extracted for the study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were sequentially performed to analyze the association between fibrosis-4 and mortality in TBI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was drawn to evaluate the prognostic value of fibrosis-4 and other scores. A total of 1018 TBI patients were included, with a 30-day mortality of 24.2%. Non-survivors had older age, lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and higher injury severity score (ISS) than survivors. The aspartate aminotransferase platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis-4 score were significantly higher in non-survivors. Univariate logistic regression showed that age, GCS, ISS, white blood cell, hemoglobin, fibrosis-4 score, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and anticoagulants were associated with the mortality of TBI patients. Multivariate logistic regression presented that age, GCS, ISS, fibrosis-4 score, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and anticoagulants were independent risk factors of mortality in TBI patients after adjusting for confounding effects. The AUC of the GCS, ISS, APRI, and fibrosis-4 score for predicting mortality was 0.711, 0.625, 0.592, and 0.627, respectively. Composed of age, GCS, ISS, fibrosis-4 score, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and anticoagulants, the predictive model had the highest AUC value of 0.790. The fibrosis-4 score is an independent risk factor for mortality in TBI. The model incorporating fibrosis-4 performs well in predicting the prognosis of TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoran Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Linrui Cai
- Institute of Drug Clinical Trial·GCP, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Li R, Liu J, Han P, Shi R, Zhao L, Li J. Associations between abdominal obesity indices and pathological features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Chinese visceral adiposity index. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:1316-1324. [PMID: 37102199 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Many abdominal obesity indices such as waist circumference (WC), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral obesity index (VAI), and Chinese VAI (CVAI) have been considered to be associated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the association between abdominal obesity indices and the pathological features of NAFLD is uncertain. This study aims to explore the associations between these indices and the pathological features of NAFLD. METHODS A total of 147 patients with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD were enrolled in the final analysis. General information, biochemical tests, and pathological information of patients were collected. VAI, LAP, and CVAI were calculated. Spearman's correlation analysis and logistics regression analysis were applied to assess the relationship between abdominal obesity indices and the pathological features of NAFLD. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to assess the value of abdominal obesity indices in predicting liver fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. RESULTS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) ≥ 5 significantly correlated with WC, LAP, VAI, and CVAI both in univariate and multivariate analyses (P < 0.05). Fibrosis was significantly and positively correlated with WC, LAP, and CVAI (P < 0.05). After adjustment for potential confounders, fibrosis remained associated with CVAI (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION CVAI is significantly associated with the pathological features of NAFLD, and CVAI shows the most superior efficacy in diagnosing fibrosis among these indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Han
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruifang Shi
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Li J, Kou C, Sun T, Liu J, Zhang H. Identification and Validation of Hub Immune-Related Genes in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:2609-2621. [PMID: 37362825 PMCID: PMC10289249 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s413545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common progressive liver disease worldwide. It can cause liver cancer and possibly death. Abnormal immune infiltration is involved in the progression of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to identify and validate the hub immune-related genes in NAFLD. Methods Microarray data were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, and immune-related differentially expressed genes (IRDEGs) were obtained. A protein-protein interaction network was used to further screen. The diagnostic value of the IRDEGs was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves. Differences in immune infiltration levels were analyzed using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. Hub IRDEGs were identified by correlation analysis with immune infiltration levels. Finally, molecular experiments were used to confirm the expression of the hub IRDEGs and explore their roles in NAFLD. Results We obtained 18 IRDEGs. Five hub genes were further identified by protein-protein interaction network, receiver operating characteristic curves and correlation analysis: AQP9, BACH2, CD4, IL17RE and S100A9. Based on functional enrichment analysis, the hub genes were enriched primarily in many immune-related pathways. In NAFLD, AQP9, CD4, and IL17RE expression was significantly reduced, whereas BACH2 and S100A9 expression was elevated. PCR, oil red O staining and triglyceride detection revealed that the knock-down of BACH2 and S100A9 reduced lipid accumulation in NAFLD cells. Conclusion This study provided insight into the profile of immune infiltration underlying NAFLD and identified AQP9, BACH2, CD4, IL17RE and S100A9 as ancillary diagnostic indicators of NAFLD. And BACH2 and S100A9 might be therapeutic targets for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatrics Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjia Kou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Xiang C, Chen X, Yao J, Yang N, Yu J, Qiu Q, Zhang S, Kong X, Zhao L, Fan ZC, Yu P, Teng YO. Design, synthesis and anti-NASH effect evaluation of novel GFT505 derivatives in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115510. [PMID: 37269672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as the largest burden of chronic liver disease worldwide. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of NAFLD that can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Unfortunately, current treatment options for NASH are very limited. Among the multiple pathways of NASH, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARS) are recognized as an important and effective target. GFT 505 is a dual excitement agent for the treatment of PPAR-α/δ for the treatment of NASH. However, its activity and toxicity need to be further improved. Therefore, here we would like to report the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 11 GFT 505 derivatives. The initial cytotoxicity through proliferation activity of HepG2 cells and in vitro anti-NASH activity evaluation demonstrated that under the same concentration, the compound 3d possess significantly lower cytotoxicity and better anti-NASH activity than that of GFT 505. Moreover, Molecular docking also shows that 3d and PPAR-α/δ can form a stable hydrogen bond and have the lowest binding energy. Therefore this novel molecule 3d was selected to go further in vivo investigation. Methionine-choline deficiency (MCD) induced C57BL/6J NASH model mice was used for the in vivo biological experiments and the compound 3d demostrated lower liver toxicity than that of GFT 505 in the body at the same dose, and it did more effectively improve hyperlipidemia, liver fat degeneration and liver inflammation as well as significantly enhance the content of the GSH which is inportant for the liver protection. This study suggested that the compound 3d is a very promising lead compound for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Xiang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jiaping Yao
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Na Yang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jiajia Yu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Quanyuan Qiu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shouqing Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xiangsun Kong
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Lianbo Zhao
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Fan
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Peng Yu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Yu-Ou Teng
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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29
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Powell NR, Liang T, Ipe J, Cao S, Skaar TC, Desta Z, Qian HR, Ebert PJ, Chen Y, Thomas MK, Chalasani N. Clinically important alterations in pharmacogene expression in histologically severe nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1474. [PMID: 36927865 PMCID: PMC10020163 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypharmacy is common in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and previous reports suggest that NAFLD is associated with altered drug disposition. This study aims to determine if patients with NAFLD are at risk for altered drug response by characterizing changes in hepatic mRNA expression of genes mediating drug disposition (pharmacogenes) across the histological NAFLD severity spectrum. We utilize RNA-seq for 93 liver biopsies with histologically staged NAFLD Activity Score (NAS), fibrosis stage, and steatohepatitis (NASH). We identify 37 significant pharmacogene-NAFLD severity associations including CYP2C19 downregulation. We chose to validate CYP2C19 due to its actionability in drug prescribing. Meta-analysis of 16 independent studies demonstrate that CYP2C19 is significantly downregulated to 46% in NASH, to 58% in high NAS, and to 43% in severe fibrosis. Our data demonstrate the downregulation of CYP2C19 in NAFLD which supports developing personalized medicine approaches for drugs sensitive to metabolism by the CYP2C19 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Powell
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tiebing Liang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph Ipe
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sha Cao
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Todd C Skaar
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zeruesenay Desta
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Yu Chen
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Naga Chalasani
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Guha Ray A, Odum OP, Wiseman D, Weinstock A. The diverse roles of macrophages in metabolic inflammation and its resolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1147434. [PMID: 36994095 PMCID: PMC10041730 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1147434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the most functionally diverse immune cells, indispensable to maintain tissue integrity and metabolic health. Macrophages perform a myriad of functions ranging from promoting inflammation, through inflammation resolution to restoring and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Metabolic diseases encompass a growing list of diseases which develop from a mix of genetics and environmental cues leading to metabolic dysregulation and subsequent inflammation. In this review, we summarize the contributions of macrophages to four metabolic conditions-insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegeneration. The role of macrophages is complex, yet they hold great promise as potential therapies to address these growing health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ada Weinstock
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Barrientos-Riosalido A, Bertran L, Vilaró-Blay M, Aguilar C, Martínez S, Paris M, Sabench F, Riesco D, Binetti J, Castillo DD, Richart C, Auguet T. The Role of Olfactomedin 2 in the Adipose Tissue–Liver Axis and Its Implication in Obesity-Associated Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065221. [PMID: 36982296 PMCID: PMC10049551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study’s objective was to assess the involvement of olfactomedin 2 (OLFM2), a secreted glycoprotein related to lipid metabolism regulation, in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mediated by the adipose-tissue–liver axis. OLFM2 mRNA expression was analyzed in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue by RT–qPCR. The cohort included women with normal weight (n = 16) or morbid obesity (MO, n = 60) who were subclassified into normal liver (n = 20), simple steatosis (n = 21), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, n = 19) groups. The results showed that OLFM2 expression in SAT was enhanced in MO individuals and in the presence of NAFLD. Specifically, OLFM2 expression in SAT was increased in mild and moderate degrees of steatosis in comparison to the absence of it. Moreover, OLFM2 expression in SAT was negatively correlated with interleukin-6 levels. On the other hand, OLFM2 expression in VAT decreased in the presence of NASH and exhibited a positive correlation with adiponectin levels. In conclusion, OLFM2 in SAT seems to be implicated in hepatic lipid accumulation. Additionally, since we previously suggested the possible implication of hepatic OLFM2 in NAFLD progression, now we propose a possible interaction between the liver and SAT, reinforcing the potential implication of this tissue in NAFLD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barrientos-Riosalido
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laia Bertran
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mercè Vilaró-Blay
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Salomé Martínez
- Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII Tarragona, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marta Paris
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, URV, IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Fàtima Sabench
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, URV, IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - David Riesco
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jessica Binetti
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Daniel Del Castillo
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, URV, IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Richart
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Teresa Auguet
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-29-58-33
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Correlation between CT Abdominal Anthropometric Measurements and Liver Density in Individuals with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030500. [PMID: 36984501 PMCID: PMC10053809 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: With a growing frequency, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD has a strong correlation with other metabolic disorders, such as obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, even though the underlying causes or risk factors are not entirely understood. This study aims to investigate correlations between abdominal anthropometric measurements and the presence and intensity of liver steatosis as assessed by unenhanced computed tomography (CT). Methods: One hundred and nineteen patients (male/female, 66/53; mean age 54.54 +/− 12.90 years) underwent abdominal non–contrast-enhanced CT. CT images were examined to determine the attenuation of liver parenchyma, subcutaneous fat depth, and waist circumference (WC). Results: Among all patients, WC (r = −0.78, p < 0.0001), infraumbilical subcutaneous fat thicknesses (r = −0.51, p < 0.0001), right paraumbilical subcutaneous fat thicknesses (r = −0.62, p < 0.0001), and left paraumbilical subcutaneous fat thicknesses (r = −0.53, p < 0.0001) had a high inverse correlation with the liver attenuation values. The presence of T2D (OR: 2.40, p = 0.04), WC (OR: 11.45, p < 0.001), right paraumbilical (OR: 10.09, p < 0.001), left paraumbilical (OR: 2.81, p = 0.01), and infraumbilical (OR: 3.06, p = 0.007) were strongly independent predictors of NAFLD risk. Moreover, regarding the laboratory parameters, only the higher value of GGT (OR: 2.84, p = 0.009) is a predictor of NAFLD risk. Conclusions: Our data show that higher baseline values of all abdominal anthropometric measurements are correlated with liver attenuation and act as predictors of NAFLD risk.
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Lee E, Korf H, Vidal-Puig A. An adipocentric perspective on the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2023; 78:1048-1062. [PMID: 36740049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alongside the liver, white adipose tissue (WAT) is critical in regulating systemic energy homeostasis. Although each organ has its specialised functions, they must work coordinately to regulate whole-body metabolism. Adipose tissues and the liver are relatively resilient and can adapt to an energy surplus by facilitating triglyceride (TG) storage up to a certain threshold level without significant metabolic disturbances. However, lipid storage in WAT beyond a "personalised" adiposity threshold becomes dysfunctional, leading to metabolic inflexibility, progressive inflammation, and aberrant adipokine secretion. Moreover, the failure of adipose tissue to store and mobilise lipids results in systemic knock-on lipid overload, particularly in the liver. Factors contributing to hepatic lipid overload include lipids released from WAT, dietary fat intake, and enhanced de novo lipogenesis. In contrast, extrahepatic mechanisms counteracting toxic hepatic lipid overload entail coordinated compensation through oxidation of surplus fatty acids in brown adipose tissue and storage of fatty acids as TGs in WAT. Failure of these integrated homeostatic mechanisms leads to quantitative increases and qualitative alterations to the lipidome of the liver. Initially, hepatocytes preferentially accumulate TG species leading to a relatively "benign" non-alcoholic fatty liver. However, with time, inflammatory responses ensue, progressing into more severe conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, in some individuals (often without an early prognostic clue). Herein, we highlight the pathogenic importance of obesity-induced "adipose tissue failure", resulting in decreased adipose tissue functionality (i.e. fat storage capacity and metabolic flexibility), in the development and progression of NAFL/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medical Physiology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Centro de Innvestigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, China.
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Riezu-Boj JI, Barajas M, Pérez-Sánchez T, Pajares MJ, Araña M, Milagro FI, Urtasun R. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DSM20174 Attenuates the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating Gut Microbiota, Improving Metabolic Risk Factors, and Attenuating Adipose Inflammation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245212. [PMID: 36558371 PMCID: PMC9787191 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease, reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. Targeting the gut-adipose tissue-liver axis by modulating the gut microbiota can be a promising therapeutic approach in NAFLD. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, a potent lactic-acid-producing bacterium, has been shown to attenuate NAFLD. However, to our knowledge, the possible effect of the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain DSM20174 (L.p. DSM20174) on the gut-adipose tissue axis, diminishing inflammatory mediators as fuel for NAFLD progression, is still unknown. Using a NAFLD mouse model fed a high-fat, high-fructose (HFHF) diet for 10 weeks, we show that L.p DSM20174 supplementation of HFHF mice prevented weight gain, improved glucose and lipid homeostasis, and reduced white adipose inflammation and NAFLD progression. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the faecal microbiota suggested that treatment of HFHF-fed mice with L.p DSM20174 changed the diversity and altered specific bacterial taxa at the levels of family, genus, and species in the gut microbiota. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of L.p DSM20174 in preventing fatty liver progression may be related to modulations in the composition and potential function of gut microbiota associated with lower metabolic risk factors and a reduced M1-like/M2-like ratio of macrophages and proinflammatory cytokine expression in white adipose tissue and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- José I. Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Barajas
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Tania Pérez-Sánchez
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J. Pajares
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Araña
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermín I. Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.I.M.); (R.U.); Tel.: +34-948-425600 (F.I.M.); +34-948-169000 (R.U.)
| | - Raquel Urtasun
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.I.M.); (R.U.); Tel.: +34-948-425600 (F.I.M.); +34-948-169000 (R.U.)
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Duan Y, Luo J, Pan X, Wei J, Xiao X, Li J, Luo M. Association between inflammatory markers and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children. Front Public Health 2022; 10:991393. [PMID: 36530698 PMCID: PMC9751435 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.991393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given the high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese children, non-invasive markers of disease to date are still limited and worth exploring. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between inflammatory markers and NAFLD in obese children. Methods We performed a case-control study in Hunan Children's Hospital from September 2020 to September 2021. Study participants were children with obesity diagnosed with NAFLD by abdominal ultrasound examination. Mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts were extracted from medical records and inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between inflammatory markers and NAFLD. We also used receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to assess the discriminative ability of inflammatory cytokines for NAFLD. Results Two hundred and sixty-seven obese children were enrolled, including 176 NAFLD patients and 91 simple obesity controls. Multivariable logistic model indicated that increased interleukin (IL)-1β [odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-1.27], IL-6 (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.07-1.53), and IL-17 (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.07) levels were significantly associated with NAFLD. In contrast, we observed non-significant associations for IL-8, IL-12, IL-21, IL-32, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) with NAFLD. The area under the curves (AUCs) of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 to discriminate obese children with or without NAFLD were 0.94, 0.94, and 0.97, respectively. Conclusions Our results indicated that IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 levels were significantly associated with NAFLD. These inflammatory cytokines may serve as non-invasive markers to determine the development of NAFLD and potentially identify additional avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Duan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiayou Luo
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiongfeng Pan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingya Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miyang Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Miyang Luo
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Associations between subcutaneous adipocyte hypertrophy and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20519. [PMID: 36443373 PMCID: PMC9705525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte hypertrophy and expression of adipokines in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) have been linked to steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis in morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) subjects. It is unknown if this is also true for subjects with NAFLD with lesser degrees of obesity (BMI < 35 kg/m2). Thirty-two subjects with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 15 non-diabetic controls matched for BMI underwent fine-needle biopsies of SAT. Adipocyte volume was calculated. RNA-sequencing of SAT was performed in a subset of 20 NAFLD patients. Adipocyte volume and gene expression levels were correlated to the presence of NASH or significant fibrosis. Subjects with NAFLD had larger adipocyte volume compared with controls, (1939 pL, 95% CI 1130-1662 vs. 854 pL, 95% CI 781-926, p < 0.001). There was no association between adipocyte volume and the presence of NASH. Gene expression of adipokines previously described to correlate with NASH in morbid obesity, was not associated with NASH or fibrosis. Our results suggest that persons with NAFLD have larger SAT adipocytes compared with controls and that adipocytes are involved in the pathophysiology of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD. However, adipocyte volume was not associated with NASH or fibrosis in NAFLD subjects with varying degrees of obesity.
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Ding H, Zhang Y, Ma X, Zhang Z, Xu Q, Liu C, Li B, Dong S, Li L, Zhu J, Zhong M, Zhang G. Bariatric surgery for diabetic comorbidities: A focus on hepatic, cardiac and renal fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1016635. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1016635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphical AbstractPharmacological treatment and mechanisms of bariatric surgery for diabetic comorbidities.
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Wang X, Kim S, Guan Y, Parker R, Rodrigues RM, Feng D, Lu SC, Gao B. Deletion of adipocyte prohibitin 1 exacerbates high-fat diet-induced steatosis but not liver inflammation and fibrosis. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:3335-3348. [PMID: 36200169 PMCID: PMC9701483 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction is closely associated with the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent studies have implied an important role of prohibitin-1 (PHB1) in adipose tissue function. In the current study, we aimed to explore the function of adipocyte PHB1 in the development and progression of NAFLD. The PHB1 protein levels in adipose tissues were markedly decreased in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) compared to those fed a chow diet. To explore the function of adipocyte PHB1 in the progression of NAFLD, mice with adipocyte-specific (adipo) deletion of Phb1 (Phb1adipo-/- mice) were generated. Notably, Phb1adipo-/- mice did not develop obesity but displayed severe liver steatosis under HFD feeding. Compared to HFD-fed wild-type (WT) mice, HFD-fed Phb1adipo-/- mice displayed dramatically lower fat mass with significantly decreased levels of total adipose tissue inflammation, including macrophage and neutrophil number as well as the expression of inflammatory mediators. To our surprise, although liver steatosis in Phb1adipo-/- mice was much more severe, liver inflammation and fibrosis were similar to WT mice after HFD feeding. RNA sequencing analyses revealed that the interferon pathway was markedly suppressed while the bone morphogenetic protein 2 pathway was significantly up-regulated in the liver of HFD-fed Phb1adipo-/- mice compared with HFD-fed WT mice. Conclusion: HFD-fed Phb1adipo-/- mice display a subtype of the lean NAFLD phenotype with severe hepatic steatosis despite low adipose mass. This subtype of the lean NAFLD phenotype has similar inflammation and fibrosis as obese NAFLD in HFD-fed WT mice; this is partially due to reduced total adipose tissue inflammation and the hepatic interferon pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- Laboratory of Liver DiseasesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA,Department of Infectious DiseasesRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Seung‐Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Liver DiseasesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA,Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural SciencesKangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology and Global/Gangwon Innovative Biologics‐Regional Leading Research Center, Kangwon National UniversityChuncheonKorea
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver DiseasesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Richard Parker
- Laboratory of Liver DiseasesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA,Leeds Liver UnitSt James's University HospitalLeedsUK
| | - Robim M. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Liver DiseasesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA,Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato‐Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver DiseasesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Shelly C. Lu
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of MedicineCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver DiseasesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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Lonardo A, Mantovani A, Petta S, Carraro A, Byrne CD, Targher G. Metabolic mechanisms for and treatment of NAFLD or NASH occurring after liver transplantation. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:638-650. [PMID: 35840803 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The rising tide of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with the obesity epidemic is a major health concern worldwide. NAFLD - specifically its more advanced form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related cirrhosis - is now the fastest growing indication for liver transplantation in the USA and Europe. Although the short-term and mid-term overall survival rates of patients who receive a liver transplant for NASH-related cirrhosis are essentially similar to those of patients who receive a transplant for other liver indications, recipients with NASH-related cirrhosis have an increased risk of waiting-list mortality and of developing recurrent liver disease and cardiometabolic complications in the longer term after liver transplantation. This Review provides a brief overview of the epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH and the occurrence of NAFLD or NASH in patients after liver transplantation for NASH and other liver indications. It also discusses the putative metabolic mechanisms underlying the emergence of NAFLD or NASH after liver transplantation as well as optimal therapeutic approaches for recipients of liver transplants, including the management of cardiometabolic comorbidities, tailored immunosuppression, lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Lonardo
- Metabolic Syndrome Unit, University of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mantovani
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Amedeo Carraro
- Liver Transplant Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Noncoding RNAs Associated with PPARs in Etiology of MAFLD as a Novel Approach for Therapeutics Targets. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:6161694. [PMID: 36164476 PMCID: PMC9509273 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6161694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a complex disease that results from the accumulation of fat in the liver. MAFLD is directly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. PPARγ ligands, including pioglitazone, are also used in the management of this disease. Noncoding RNAs play a critical role in various diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and liver diseases including MAFLD. However, there is no adequate knowledge about the translation of using these ncRNAs to the clinics, particularly in MAFLD conditions. The aim of this study was to identify ncRNAs in the etiology of MAFLD as a novel approach to the therapeutic targets. Methods. We collected human and mouse MAFLD gene expression datasets available in GEO. We performed pathway enrichment analysis of total mRNAs based on KEGG repository data to screen the most potential pathways in the liver of MAFLD human subjects and mice model, and analyzed pathway interconnections via ClueGO. Finally, we screened disease causality of the MAFLD ncRNAs, which were associated with PPARs, and then discussed the role of revealed ncRNAs in PPAR signaling and MAFLD. Results. We found 127 ncRNAs in MAFLD which 25 out of them were strongly validated before for regulation of PPARs. With a polypharmacology approach, we screened 51 ncRNAs which were causal to a subset of diseases related to MAFLD. Conclusion. This study revealed a subset of ncRNAs that could help in more clear and guided designation of preclinical and clinical studies to verify the therapeutic application of the revealed ncRNAs by manipulating the PPARs molecular mechanism in MAFLD.
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Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Nader F, Loomba R, Anstee QM, Ratziu V, Harrison S, Sanyal AJ, Schattenberg JM, Barritt AS, Noureddin M, Bonacci M, Cawkwell G, Wong B, Rinella M. Obeticholic Acid Impact on Quality of Life in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: REGENERATE 18-Month Interim Analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:2050-2058.e12. [PMID: 34274514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) affects patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) evaluating HRQoL were assessed in the RandomizEd Global Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Impact on NASH with FibRosis of Obeticholic Acid TreatmEnt (REGENERATE) study, which showed that obeticholic acid (OCA) significantly improved fibrosis in patients with NASH. METHODS Noncirrhotic NASH patients in a phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter, international study of OCA were enrolled. The Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-NASH and EuroQol EQ-5D-5L were administered at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months. RESULTS There were 1218 patients (age, 54.1 ± 11.5 y; 57% women; 43% stage F3) in the expanded intent-to-treat population (stages, F1-F3) assigned randomly to 10 mg (N = 407) or 25 mg (N = 404) OCA or placebo (N = 407). Baseline measurements were balanced across treatment groups for EuroQol EQ-5D-5L and Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-NASH, including Itch score: 5.75 ± 1.53 (scale 1-7, with 7 representing no itching). Nineteen (1.6%) patients discontinued therapy (protocol mandated) because of grade 3 pruritus. Patients receiving 25 mg OCA experienced mild worsening of itch scores primarily in the first months of treatment: mean ± SE change from baseline -0.66 ± 0.12, -0.44 ± 0.12, and -0.42 ± 0.13 at 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively (all P < .01). No other PRO worsening was associated with 25 mg OCA. Patients experiencing fibrosis improvement, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Activity Score decrease (by ≥2 points), or NASH resolution had greater PRO improvements in some domains. CONCLUSIONS NASH patients evaluated in REGENERATE had impaired quality of life and underlying pruritus at baseline. Improvement of NASH corresponded with improvement in several HRQoL domains. Generally mild pruritus occurs early after OCA therapy initiation and does not worsen over time. CLINICALTRIALS gov: NCT02548351.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobair M Younossi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia; Center for Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, Virginia.
| | - Maria Stepanova
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Fatema Nader
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Rohit Loomba
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Vlad Ratziu
- Sorbonne Université, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM UMRS 1138 CRC, Paris, France
| | | | - Arun J Sanyal
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - A Sidney Barritt
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Bruce Wong
- Intercept Pharmaceuticals, New York, New York
| | - Mary Rinella
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Petri BJ, Piell KM, Wahlang B, Head KZ, Andreeva K, Rouchka EC, Pan J, Rai SN, Cave MC, Klinge CM. Multiomics analysis of the impact of polychlorinated biphenyls on environmental liver disease in a mouse model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:103928. [PMID: 35803474 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to high fat diet (HFD) and persistent organic pollutants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is associated with liver injury in human populations and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH) in animal models. Previously, exposure of HFD-fed male mice to the non-dioxin-like (NDL) PCB mixture Aroclor1260, dioxin-like (DL) PCB126, or Aroclor1260 + PCB126 co-exposure caused toxicant-associated steatohepatitis (TASH) and differentially altered the liver proteome. Here unbiased mRNA and miRNA sequencing (mRNA- and miRNA- seq) was used to identify biological pathways altered in these liver samples. Fewer transcripts and miRs were up- or down- regulated by PCB126 or Aroclor1260 compared to the combination, suggesting that crosstalk between the receptors activated by these PCBs amplifies changes in the transcriptome. Pathway enrichment analysis identified "positive regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling" and "role of miRNAs in cell migration, survival, and angiogenesis" for differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs, respectively. We evaluated the five miRNAs increased in human plasma with PCB exposure and suspected TASH and found that miR-192-5p was increased with PCB exposure in mouse liver. Although we observed little overlap between differentially expressed mRNA transcripts and proteins, biological pathway-relevant PCB-induced miRNA-mRNA and miRNA-protein inverse relationships were identified that may explain protein changes. These results provide novel insights into miRNA and mRNA transcriptome changes playing direct and indirect roles in the functional protein pathways in PCB-related hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in a mouse model of TASH and its relevance to human liver disease in exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Petri
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Kellianne M Piell
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Banrida Wahlang
- University of Louisville Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences (CIEHS), USA; University of Louisville Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, USA; The University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, USA
| | - Kimberly Z Head
- University of Louisville Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, USA
| | | | - Eric C Rouchka
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; KY INBRE Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Jianmin Pan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Brown Cancer Center, USA
| | - Shesh N Rai
- University of Louisville Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences (CIEHS), USA; University of Louisville Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, USA; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Brown Cancer Center, USA
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; University of Louisville Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences (CIEHS), USA; University of Louisville Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, USA; The University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, USA
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; University of Louisville Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences (CIEHS), USA.
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Meijnikman AS, Lappa D, Herrema H, Aydin O, Krautkramer KA, Tremaroli V, Olofsson LE, Lundqvist A, Bruin S, Acherman Y, Verheij J, Hjorth S, Gerdes VE, Schwartz TW, Groen AK, Bäckhed F, Nielsen J, Nieuwdorp M. A systems biology approach to study non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) in women with obesity. iScience 2022; 25:104828. [PMID: 35992074 PMCID: PMC9382345 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most frequent global chronic liver disease. Individuals with NAFLD exhibited an increased risk of all-cause mortality driven by extrahepatic cancers and liver and cardiovascular disease. Once the disease is established, women have a higher risk of disease progression and worse outcome. It is therefore critical to deepen the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of NAFLD in women. Here, we used a systems biology approach to investigate the contribution of different organs to this disease. We analyzed transcriptomics profiles of liver and adipose tissues, fecal metagenomes, and plasma metabolomes of 55 women with and without NAFLD. We observed differences in metabolites, expression of human genes, and gut microbial features between the groups and revealed that there is substantial crosstalk between these different omics sets. Multi-omics analysis of individuals with NAFLD may provide novel strategies to study the pathophysiology of NAFLD in humans. The gut microbiome is significantly different between women with and without NAFLD The NAFLD plasma metabolome is characterized by lipid and amino acids post prandial Women with NAFLD have distinct transcriptional profiles in liver and adipose tissue Women with NAFL have a different response upon MMT after massive weight loss
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham S. Meijnikman
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
| | - Dimitra Lappa
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Omrum Aydin
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Kimberly A. Krautkramer
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Valentina Tremaroli
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise E. Olofsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Lundqvist
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sjoerd Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Yair Acherman
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Siv Hjorth
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Victor E.A. Gerdes
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Thue W. Schwartz
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert K. Groen
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Heath and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Corresponding author
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
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Siler SQ. Applications of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP) in Drug Development for NAFLD and NASH and Its Regulatory Application. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1789-1802. [PMID: 35610402 PMCID: PMC9314276 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a widely prevalent disease, but approved pharmaceutical treatments are not available. As such, there is great activity within the pharmaceutical industry to accelerate drug development in this area and improve the quality of life and reduce mortality for NASH patients. The use of quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) can help make this overall process more efficient. This mechanism-based mathematical modeling approach describes both the pathophysiology of a disease and how pharmacological interventions can modify pathophysiologic mechanisms. Multiple capabilities are provided by QSP modeling, including the use of model predictions to optimize clinical studies. The use of this approach has grown over the last 20 years, motivating discussions between modelers and regulators to agree upon methodologic standards. These include model transparency, documentation, and inclusion of clinical pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Several QSP models have been developed that describe NASH pathophysiology to varying extents. One specific application of NAFLDsym, a QSP model of NASH, is described in this manuscript. Simulations were performed to help understand if patient behaviors could help explain the relatively high rate of fibrosis stage reductions in placebo cohorts. Simulated food intake and body weight fluctuated periodically over time. The relatively slow turnover of liver collagen allowed persistent reductions in predicted fibrosis stage despite return to baseline for liver fat, plasma ALT, and the NAFLD activity score. Mechanistic insights such as this that have been derived from QSP models can help expedite the development of safe and effective treatments for NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Q Siler
- DILIsym Services, a Division of Simulations Plus, 510-862-6027, 6 Davis Drive, PO Box 12317, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA.
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45
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Geng A, Flint E, Bernsmeier C. Plasticity of monocytes and macrophages in cirrhosis of the liver. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 2:937739. [PMID: 36926073 PMCID: PMC10013015 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2022.937739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cirrhosis of the liver is a systemic condition with raising prevalence worldwide. Patients with cirrhosis are highly susceptible to develop bacterial infections leading to acute decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure both associated with a high morbidity and mortality and sparse therapeutic options other than transplantation. Mononuclear phagocytes play a central role in innate immune responses and represent a first line of defence against pathogens. Their function includes phagocytosis, killing of bacteria, antigen presentation, cytokine production as well as recruitment and activation of immune effector cells. Liver injury and development of cirrhosis induces activation of liver resident Kupffer cells and recruitment of monocytes to the liver. Damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns promote systemic inflammation which involves multiple compartments besides the liver, such as the circulation, gut, peritoneal cavity and others. The function of circulating monocytes and tissue macrophages is severely impaired and worsens along with cirrhosis progression. The underlying mechanisms are complex and incompletely understood. Recent 'omics' technologies help to transform our understanding of cellular diversity and function in health and disease. In this review we point out the current state of knowledge on phenotypical and functional changes of monocytes and macrophages during cirrhosis evolution in different compartments and their role in disease progression. We also discuss the value of potential prognostic markers for cirrhosis-associated immuneparesis, and future immunotherapeutic strategies that may reduce the need for transplantation and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Geng
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emilio Flint
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Bernsmeier
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
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46
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Ha NB, Cho S, Mohamad Y, Kent D, Jun G, Wong R, Swarnakar V, Lin S, Maher JJ, Lai JC. Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Radiographic Visceral-to-Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Ratio in Patients with Cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:3436-3444. [PMID: 34136974 PMCID: PMC8815298 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue is associated with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, suggestive of its metabolic and inflammatory properties. We aimed to examine the histologic findings of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and to associate these findings with clinical and radiologic characteristics in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS Included were 55 adults with cirrhosis who underwent liver transplantation from 3/2017-12/2018 and had an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan within 6 months prior to transplant. Visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (VSR) was calculated using visceral (VATI) and subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI) quantified by CT at the L3-vertebral level and normalized for height (cm2/m2). VAT (greater omentum), SAT (abdominal wall), and skeletal muscle (rectus abdominis) biopsies were collected at transplant. RESULTS Majority of patients had VAT inflammation (71%); only one patient (2%) had SAT inflammation. Patients with VAT inflammation had similar median VATI (42 vs 41 cm2/m2), lower median SATI (64 vs 97 cm2/m2), and higher median VSR (0.63 vs 0.37, p = 0.002) than patients without inflammation. In univariable logistic regression, VSR was associated with VAT inflammation (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.11-1.96); this association remained significant even after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, HCC, or MELD-Na on bivariable analyses. CONCLUSION In patients with cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation, histologic VAT inflammation was common, but SAT inflammation was not. Increased VSR was independently associated with VAT inflammation. Given the emerging data demonstrating the prognostic value of VSR, our findings support the value of CT-quantified VSR as a prognostic marker for adverse outcomes in the liver transplant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghiem B. Ha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0538, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Soo‑Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yara Mohamad
- 3D Lab, Center for Intelligent Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dorothea Kent
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0538, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Grace Jun
- 3D Lab, Center for Intelligent Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Randi Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0538, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Vivek Swarnakar
- 3D Lab, Center for Intelligent Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shezhang Lin
- 3D Lab, Center for Intelligent Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn J. Maher
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0538, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0538, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Fiorucci S, Zampella A, Ricci P, Distrutti E, Biagioli M. Immunomodulatory functions of FXR. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 551:111650. [PMID: 35472625 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Farnesoid-x-receptor (FXR) is a bile acids sensor activated in humans by primary bile acids. FXR is mostly expressed in liver, intestine and adrenal glands but also by cells of innate immunity, including macrophages, liver resident macrophages, the Kupffer cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells. In normal physiology and clinical disorders, cells of innate immunity mediate communications between liver, intestine and adipose tissues. In addition to FXR, the G protein coupled receptor (GPBAR1), that is mainly activated by secondary bile acids, whose expression largely overlaps FXR, modulates chemical communications from the intestinal microbiota and the host's immune system, integrating epithelial cells and immune cells in the entero-hepatic system, providing a mechanism for development of a tolerogenic state toward the intestinal microbiota. Disruption of FXR results in generalized inflammation and disrupted bile acids metabolism. While FXR agonism in preclinical models provides counter-regulatory signals that attenuate inflammation-driven immune dysfunction in a variety of liver and intestinal disease models, the clinical relevance of these mechanisms in the setting of FXR-related disorders remain poorly defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fiorucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy. http://www.gastroenterologia.unipg.it
| | - Angela Zampella
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ricci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Distrutti
- SC di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Biagioli
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Mediterranean Diet: The Beneficial Effects of Lycopene in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123477. [PMID: 35743545 PMCID: PMC9225137 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presents the most common chronic liver disease globally; it is estimated that 25.24% of the world’s population has NAFLD. NAFLD is a multi-factorial disease whose development involves various processes, such as insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, inflammation, cytokine imbalance, the activation of innate immunity, microbiota and environmental and genetic factors. Numerous clinical studies have shown that the Mediterranean diet produces beneficial effects in NAFLD patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the beneficial effects of lycopene, a soluble pigment found in fruit and vegetables, in NAFLD.
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49
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Ha NB, Lai JC. The bidirectional relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and sarcopenia. Hepatol Int 2022; 16:489-491. [PMID: 35347595 PMCID: PMC9464041 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-022-10333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nghiem B Ha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, PO Box 0538, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jennifer C Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, PO Box 0538, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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50
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Influence of NAFLD and bariatric surgery on hepatic and adipose tissue mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2931. [PMID: 35614135 PMCID: PMC9132900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in liver tissue has been hypothesised to contribute to the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is unknown whether OXPHOS capacities in human visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) associate with NAFLD severity and how hepatic OXPHOS responds to improvement in NAFLD. In biopsies sampled from 62 patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery and nine control subjects without obesity we demonstrate that OXPHOS is reduced in VAT and SAT while increased in the liver in patients with obesity when compared with control subjects without obesity, but this was independent of NAFLD severity. In repeat liver biopsy sampling in 21 patients with obesity 12 months after bariatric surgery we found increased hepatic OXPHOS capacity and mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA content compared with baseline. In this work we show that obesity has an opposing association with mitochondrial respiration in adipose- and liver tissue with no overall association with NAFLD severity, however, bariatric surgery increases hepatic OXPHOS and mitochondrial biogenesis. Impaired mitochondrial function in liver tissue may contribute to the pathogenesis and disease progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here the authors report that patients with obesity have lower mitochondrial capacity in adipose tissues but higher capacity in the liver, without overall associations to NAFLD severity, and that bariatric surgery increases hepatic mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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