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Miyoshi T, Vishwasrao H, Belyantseva I, Sajeevadathan M, Ishibashi Y, Adadey S, Harada N, Shroff H, Friedman T. Live-cell single-molecule fluorescence microscopy for protruding organelles reveals regulatory mechanisms of MYO7A-driven cargo transport in stereocilia of inner ear hair cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4369958. [PMID: 38826223 PMCID: PMC11142366 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4369958/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Stereocilia are unidirectional F-actin-based cylindrical protrusions on the apical surface of inner ear hair cells and function as biological mechanosensors of sound and acceleration. Development of functional stereocilia requires motor activities of unconventional myosins to transport proteins necessary for elongating the F-actin cores and to assemble the mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) channel complex. However, how each myosin localizes in stereocilia using the energy from ATP hydrolysis is only partially understood. In this study, we develop a methodology for live-cell single-molecule fluorescence microscopy of organelles protruding from the apical surface using a dual-view light-sheet microscope, diSPIM. We demonstrate that MYO7A, a component of the MET machinery, traffics as a dimer in stereocilia. Movements of MYO7A are restricted when scaffolded by the plasma membrane and F-actin as mediated by MYO7A's interacting partners. Here, we discuss the technical details of our methodology and its future applications including analyses of cargo transportation in various organelles.
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Miyoshi T, Vishwasrao HD, Belyantseva IA, Sajeevadathan M, Ishibashi Y, Adadey SM, Harada N, Shroff H, Friedman TB. Live-cell single-molecule fluorescence microscopy for protruding organelles reveals regulatory mechanisms of MYO7A-driven cargo transport in stereocilia of inner ear hair cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.04.590649. [PMID: 38766013 PMCID: PMC11100596 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.04.590649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Stereocilia are unidirectional F-actin-based cylindrical protrusions on the apical surface of inner ear hair cells and function as biological mechanosensors of sound and acceleration. Development of functional stereocilia requires motor activities of unconventional myosins to transport proteins necessary for elongating the F-actin cores and to assemble the mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) channel complex. However, how each myosin localizes in stereocilia using the energy from ATP hydrolysis is only partially understood. In this study, we develop a methodology for live-cell single-molecule fluorescence microscopy of organelles protruding from the apical surface using a dual-view light-sheet microscope, diSPIM. We demonstrate that MYO7A, a component of the MET machinery, traffics as a dimer in stereocilia. Movements of MYO7A are restricted when scaffolded by the plasma membrane and F-actin as mediated by MYO7A's interacting partners. Here, we discuss the technical details of our methodology and its future applications including analyses of cargo transportation in various organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takushi Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Division of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Harshad D. Vishwasrao
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Inna A. Belyantseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mrudhula Sajeevadathan
- Division of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Yasuko Ishibashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Inner Ear Gene Therapy Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Samuel M. Adadey
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Narinobu Harada
- Hearing Research Laboratory, Harada ENT Clinic, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-0816, Japan
| | - Hari Shroff
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Thomas B. Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Li L, Jiang H, Qiu Z, Wang Z, Hu Z. EFFECT OF MIR-21-3P ON INTESTINAL INJURY IN RATS WITH TRAUMATIC HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK RESUSCITATED WITH THE SODIUM BICARBONATE RINGER'S SOLUTION. Shock 2024; 61:776-782. [PMID: 38517274 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background : This study aims to determine the impact and mechanism of miR-21-3p on intestinal injury and intestinal glycocalyx during fluid resuscitation in traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS), and the different impacts of sodium lactate Ringer's solution (LRS) and sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution (BRS) for resuscitation on intestinal damage. Methods : A rat model of THS was induced by hemorrhage from the left femur fracture. The pathological changes of intestinal tissues and glycocalyx structure were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscope. MiR-21-3p expression in intestinal tissues was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression of glycocalyx-, cell junction-, and PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins was analyzed by western blot. Results : MiR-21-3p expression was increased in THS rats, which was suppressed by resuscitation with BRS. BRS or LRS aggravated the intestinal injury and damaged intestinal glycocalyx in THS rats. The expression of SDC-1, HPA, β-catenin, MMP2, and MMP9 was upregulated, the expression of E-cad was downregulated, and the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway was activated in THS rats, which were further aggravated by BRS or LRS. The adverse effect of LRS was more serious than BRS. MiR-21-3p overexpression deteriorated the injury of intestinal tissues and intestinal glycocalyx; increased the expression of SDC-1, HPA, β-catenin, MMP2, and MMP9 while decreasing E-cad expression; and activated the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway in BRS-resuscitated THS rats. Conclusion : MiR-21-3p aggravated intestinal tissue injury and intestinal glycocalyx damage through activating PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats with THS resuscitated with BRS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhenjie Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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Tamura S, Asai Y, Ishida N, Miyazu T, Tani S, Yamade M, Hamaya Y, Iwaizumi M, Osawa S, Furuta T, Sugimoto K. Ustekinumab effectiveness in Crohn's disease with lesions in the intestines. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e35647. [PMID: 38608112 PMCID: PMC11018152 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ustekinumab is prescribed for the treatment of patients with steroid-resistant moderate to severe Crohn's disease. We investigated its clinical outcome in patients with small and large intestinal lesions. Patients who were newly administered ustekinumab between March 2014 and December 2020 at Hamamatsu University Hospital were included in the study. The primary endpoint was Crohn's disease activity index score at baseline and weeks 8, 24, and 48 after the initiation of treatment, and secondary endpoints were albumin, hemoglobin, and C-reactive protein at these time points. Ustekinumab treatment retention was examined in both groups; the 2 groups were compared using the Friedman test, Mann-Whitney U test, or Fisher exact test. Overall, Crohn's disease activity index scores improved between baseline and 48 weeks, but the difference was not significant. However, there was a significant improvement between baseline and 48 weeks in patients with lesions in the small intestine only. Overall, patients showed significant improvement in albumin levels between baseline and 48 weeks but not in C-reactive protein or hemoglobin levels. When limited to patients with lesions in the small intestine, albumin and hemoglobin levels showed significant improvement. Both types showed high rates of treatment retention, although there was no significant difference. Ustekinumab appears to be a safe and effective treatment option that may be particularly effective in patients with lesions in the small intestine only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tamura
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Asai
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Natsuki Ishida
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miyazu
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shinya Tani
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mihoko Yamade
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hamaya
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Moriya Iwaizumi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Osawa
- Department of Endoscopic and Photodynamic Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takahisa Furuta
- Center for Clinical Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Cencer CS, Robinson KL, Tyska MJ. Loss of intermicrovillar adhesion impairs basolateral junctional complexes in transporting epithelia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.19.585733. [PMID: 38562895 PMCID: PMC10983982 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.19.585733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Transporting epithelial cells in the gut and kidney rely on protocadherin-based apical adhesion complexes to organize microvilli that extend into the luminal space. In these systems, CDHR2 and CDHR5 localize to the distal ends of microvilli, where they form an intermicrovillar adhesion complex (IMAC) that links the tips of these structures, promotes the formation of a well-ordered array of protrusions, and in turn maximizes apical membrane surface area. Recently, we discovered that IMACs can also form between microvilli that extend from neighboring cells, across cell-cell junctions. As an additional point of physical contact between cells, transjunctional IMACs are well positioned to impact the integrity of canonical tight and adherens junctions that form more basolaterally. Here, we sought to test this idea using cell culture and mouse models that lacked CDHR2 expression and were unable to form IMACs. CDHR2 knockout perturbed cell and junction morphology, led to loss of key components from tight and adherens junctions, and impaired barrier function and wound healing. These results indicate that, in addition to organizing apical microvilli, IMACs provide a layer of cell-cell contact that functions in parallel with canonical tight and adherens junctions to support the physiological functions of transporting epithelia.
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Matoo S, Graves MJ, Choi MS, Idris RAES, Acharya P, Thapa G, Nguyen T, Atallah SY, Tipirneni AK, Stevenson PJ, Crawley SW. The microvillar protocadherin CDHR5 associates with EBP50 to promote brush border assembly. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar36. [PMID: 38170579 PMCID: PMC10916864 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-02-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Transporting epithelial cells of the gut and kidney interact with their luminal environment through a densely packed collection of apical microvilli known as a brush border (BB). Proper brush border assembly depends on the intermicrovillar adhesion complex (IMAC), a protocadherin-based adhesion complex found at the distal tips of microvilli that mediates adhesion between neighboring protrusions to promote their organized packing. Loss of the IMAC adhesion molecule Cadherin-related family member 5 (CDHR5) results in significant brush border defects, though the functional properties of this protocadherin have not been thoroughly explored. Here, we show that the cytoplasmic tail of CDHR5 contributes to its correct apical targeting and functional properties in an isoform-specific manner. Library screening identified the Ezrin-associated scaffolds EBP50 and E3KARP as cytoplasmic binding partners for CDHR5. Consistent with this, loss of EBP50 disrupted proper brush border assembly with cells exhibiting markedly reduced apical IMAC levels. Together, our results shed light on the apical targeting determinants of CDHR5 and further define the interactome of the IMAC involved in brush border assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Matoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Maura J. Graves
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Myoung Soo Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | | | - Prashun Acharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Garima Thapa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Tram Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Sarah Y. Atallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Ashna K. Tipirneni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | | | - Scott W. Crawley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
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Mobbs CL, Darling NJ, Przyborski S. An in vitro model to study immune activation, epithelial disruption and stromal remodelling in inflammatory bowel disease and fistulising Crohn's disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357690. [PMID: 38410518 PMCID: PMC10894943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, preclinical models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are insufficient, limiting translation between research and new therapeutics. This is especially true for fistulising Crohn's disease (CD), as the severe lack of relevant models hinders research progression. To address this, we present in vitro human IBD mucosal models that recapitulate multiple pathological hallmarks of IBD simultaneously in one model system - immune cell infiltration, stromal remodelling and epithelial disruption. Stimulation of models induces epithelial aberrations common in IBD tissue including altered morphology, microvilli abnormalities, claudin gene expression changes and increased permeability. Inflammatory biomarkers are also significantly increased including cytokines and chemokines integral to IBD pathogenesis. Evidence of extracellular matrix remodelling, including upregulated matrix-metalloproteinases and altered basement membrane components, suggests the models simulate pathological stromal remodelling events that closely resemble fistulising CD. Importantly, MMP-9 is the most abundant MMP and mimics the unique localisation observed in IBD tissue. The inflamed models were subsequently used to elucidate the involvement of TNF-α and IFN- γ in intestinal stromal remodelling, in which TNF-α but not IFN- γ induced MMP upregulation, specifically of MMP-3 and MMP-9. Collectively, our results demonstrate the potential of the IBD models for use in preclinical research in IBD, particularly for fistulising CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Mobbs
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
- Reprocell Europe Ltd, West of Scotland Science Park, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole J. Darling
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
- Reprocell Europe Ltd, West of Scotland Science Park, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Layunta E, Jäverfelt S, van de Koolwijk FC, Sivertsson M, Dolan B, Arike L, Thulin S, Vallance BA, Pelaseyed T. MUC17 is an essential small intestinal glycocalyx component that is disrupted in Crohn's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.08.578867. [PMID: 38405862 PMCID: PMC10888976 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.08.578867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is the chronic inflammation of the ileum and colon triggered by bacteria, but insights into molecular perturbations at the bacteria-epithelium interface are limited. We report that membrane mucin MUC17 protects small intestinal enterocytes against commensal and pathogenic bacteria. In non-inflamed CD ileum, reduced MUC17 levels correlated with a compromised glycocalyx, allowing bacterial contact with enterocytes. Muc17 deletion in mice rendered the small intestine prone to atypical infection while maintaining resistance to colitis. The loss of Muc17 resulted in spontaneous deterioration of epithelial homeostasis and extra-intestinal translocation of bacteria. Finally, Muc17-deficient mice harbored specific small intestinal bacterial taxa observed in CD. Our findings highlight MUC17 as an essential line of defense in the small intestine with relevance for early epithelial defects in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Layunta
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Jäverfelt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fleur C van de Koolwijk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Molly Sivertsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Brendan Dolan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liisa Arike
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Thulin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Thaher Pelaseyed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zheng C, Chen X, Ke Y, Xu X, Wu C, Jiang L. Constructing models for Crohn's disease diagnosis and prediction of infliximab non-response based on angiogenesis-related genes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1239496. [PMID: 38343536 PMCID: PMC10853379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1239496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis response plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of Crohn's disease (CD) and may involve the mechanism of infliximab non-response. However, the role of angiogenesis-related genes in Crohn's disease has not been comprehensively studied. This study aimed to explore the expression profiles of angiogenesis-related genes in CD patients and construct models for disease diagnosis and prediction of infliximab non-response. Methods CD-related microarray datasets were collected from the GEO database. Unsupervised consensus clustering analysis was performed based on differentially expressed angiogenesis-related genes to divide CD samples into two distinct clusters. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted on the clusters to identify angiogenesis-related module. Based on the differentially expressed genes in the module, machine learning algorithms were employed to further identify hub genes and construct a disease diagnostic model. Subsequently, treatment outcome-related genes were extracted from these hub genes, and a predictive model for infliximab non-response in CD patients was ultimately built. Results Based on angiogenesis-related genes, we identified two distinct CD clusters (C1 and C2). Compared to C1, the metabolic pathways in C2 were significantly upregulated, and there was a higher abundance of cell clusters such as M1 macrophages and plasma cells. Additionally, C2 showed a poorer response to infliximab. Furthermore, a predictive model for infliximab non-response in CD patients was constructed based on the hub genes, and it was successfully validated using an external dataset. Conclusion Comprehensive analysis of angiogenesis-related genes revealed different clusters of CD, which exhibited differential response rates to infliximab. The construction of models provides a reference for disease diagnosis and drug selection, aiding in clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwei Zheng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroscopy, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiangbo Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroscopy, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yujing Ke
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroscopy, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroscopy, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroscopy, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Gastroscopy, Fujian Medical University Affiliated First Quanzhou Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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Shen X, Mo S, Zeng X, Wang Y, Lin L, Weng M, Sugasawa T, Wang L, Gu W, Nakajima T. Identification of antigen-presentation related B cells as a key player in Crohn's disease using single-cell dissecting, hdWGCNA, and deep learning. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:5255-5267. [PMID: 37550553 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) arises from intricate intercellular interactions within the intestinal lamina propria. Our objective was to use single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate CD pathogenesis and explore its clinical significance. We identified a distinct subset of B cells, highly infiltrated in the CD lamina propria, that expressed genes related to antigen presentation. Using high-dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis and nine machine learning techniques, we demonstrated that the antigen-presenting CD-specific B cell signature effectively differentiated diseased mucosa from normal mucosa (Independent external testing AUC = 0.963). Additionally, using MCPcounter and non-negative matrix factorization, we established a relationship between the antigen-presenting CD-specific B cell signature and immune cell infiltration and patient heterogeneity. Finally, we developed a gene-immune convolutional neural network deep learning model that accurately diagnosed CD mucosa in diverse cohorts (Independent external testing AUC = 0.963). Our research has revealed a population of B cells with a potential promoting role in CD pathogenesis and represents a fundamental step in the development of future clinical diagnostic tools for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shaocong Mo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Xinlei Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lingxi Lin
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Meilin Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Takehito Sugasawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Examination and Sports Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Takahito Nakajima
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
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11
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Sienkiewicz M, Sroka K, Binienda A, Jurk D, Fichna J. A new face of old cells: An overview about the role of senescence and telomeres in inflammatory bowel diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102083. [PMID: 37802318 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a pivotal factor contributing to aging and the pathophysiology of age-related diseases. Despite the presence of inflammation and abnormal immune system function in both inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and senescence, the relationship between the two remains largely unexplored. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the intricate connection between cellular senescence, telomeres, and IBD. The review highlights the presence of senescence markers, particularly p16 and p21, in IBD patients, suggesting their potential association with disease progression and mucosal inflammation. We emphasize the critical role of macrophages in eliminating senescent cells and how disturbance in effective clearance may contribute to persistent senescence and inflammation in IBD. Additionally, we shed light on the involvement of telomeres in IBD, as their dysfunction impairs enterocyte function and disrupts colonic barrier integrity, potentially exacerbating the pathogenesis of the disease. Targeting senescence and telomere dysfunctions holds promise for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches to mitigate intestinal inflammation and alleviate symptoms in IBD patients. By unraveling the precise role of senescence in IBD, we can pave the way for the discovery of novel therapeutic interventions that effectively address the underlying mechanisms of intestinal inflammation, offering hope for improved management and treatment of IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Sienkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Sroka
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Agata Binienda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Diana Jurk
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center On Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Cencer CS, Silverman JB, Meenderink LM, Krystofiak ES, Millis BA, Tyska MJ. Adhesion-based capture stabilizes nascent microvilli at epithelial cell junctions. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2048-2062.e7. [PMID: 37832537 PMCID: PMC10615885 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
To maximize solute transport, epithelial cells build an apical "brush border," where thousands of microvilli are linked to their neighbors by protocadherin-containing intermicrovillar adhesion complexes (IMACs). Previous studies established that the IMAC is needed to build a mature brush border, but how this complex contributes to the accumulation of new microvilli during differentiation remains unclear. We found that early in differentiation, mouse, human, and porcine epithelial cells exhibit a marginal accumulation of microvilli, which span junctions and interact with protrusions on neighboring cells using IMAC protocadherins. These transjunctional IMACs are highly stable and reinforced by tension across junctions. Finally, long-term live imaging showed that the accumulation of microvilli at cell margins consistently leads to accumulation in medial regions. Thus, nascent microvilli are stabilized by a marginal capture mechanism that depends on the formation of transjunctional IMACs. These results may offer insights into how apical specializations are assembled in diverse epithelial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Cencer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer B Silverman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leslie M Meenderink
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Evan S Krystofiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bryan A Millis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Matthew J Tyska
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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13
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Mödl B, Awad M, Zwolanek D, Scharf I, Schwertner K, Milovanovic D, Moser D, Schmidt K, Pjevac P, Hausmann B, Krauß D, Mohr T, Svinka J, Kenner L, Casanova E, Timelthaler G, Sibilia M, Krieger S, Eferl R. Defects in microvillus crosslinking sensitize to colitis and inflammatory bowel disease. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57084. [PMID: 37691494 PMCID: PMC10561180 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells are covered by the brush border, which consists of densely packed microvilli. The Intermicrovillar Adhesion Complex (IMAC) links the microvilli and is required for proper brush border organization. Whether microvillus crosslinking is involved in the intestinal barrier function or colitis is currently unknown. We investigate the role of microvillus crosslinking in colitis in mice with deletion of the IMAC component CDHR5. Electron microscopy shows pronounced brush border defects in CDHR5-deficient mice. The defects result in severe mucosal damage after exposure to the colitis-inducing agent DSS. DSS increases the permeability of the mucus layer and brings bacteria in direct contact with the disorganized brush border of CDHR5-deficient mice. This correlates with bacterial invasion into the epithelial cell layer which precedes epithelial apoptosis and inflammation. Single-cell RNA sequencing data of patients with ulcerative colitis reveals downregulation of CDHR5 in enterocytes of diseased areas. Our results provide experimental evidence that a combination of microvillus crosslinking defects with increased permeability of the mucus layer sensitizes to inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Mödl
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Monira Awad
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Daniela Zwolanek
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Irene Scharf
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Katharina Schwertner
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Danijela Milovanovic
- Department of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Institute of Clinical PathologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Doris Moser
- Department of Cranio‐Maxillofacial and Oral SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Cell Imaging & Ultrastructure ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Petra Pjevac
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems ScienceUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Dana Krauß
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
- Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Joint Metabolome FacilityUniversity of Vienna and Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Institute of Clinical PathologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Laboratory Animal PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of PharmacologyMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Gerald Timelthaler
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Sigurd Krieger
- Department of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Institute of Clinical PathologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
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14
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Bao W, You Y, Ni J, Hou H, Lyu J, Feng G, Wang Y, You K, Zhang S, Zhang L, Cao X, Wang X, Li H, Li H, Xu J, Liu C, Luo X, Du P, Chen D, Shen X. Inhibiting sorting nexin 10 promotes mucosal healing through SREBP2-mediated stemness restoration of intestinal stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh5016. [PMID: 37647408 PMCID: PMC10468130 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh5016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cell (ISC) is a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease. Cholesterol availability is critical for ISC stemness. Low plasma cholesterol is a typical feature of Crohn's disease (CD); however, its impact on mucosal healing remains unclear. Here, we identified an essential role of sorting nexin 10 (SNX10) in maintaining the stemness of ISCs. SNX10 expression in intestinal tissues positively correlates with the severity of human CD and mouse colitis. Conditional SNX10 knockout in intestinal epithelial cells or ISCs promotes intestinal mucosal repair by maintaining the ISC population associated with increased intracellular cholesterol synthesis. Disassociation of ERLIN2 with SCAP by SNX10 deletion enhances the activation of SREBP2, resulting in increased cholesterol biosynthesis. DC-SX029, a small-molecule inhibitor of SNX10, was used to verify the druggable potential of SNX10 for the treatment of patients with CD. Our study provides a strategy for mucosal healing through SREBP2-mediated stemness restoration of ISCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilian Bao
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Ni
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Hou
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaren Lyu
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guize Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yirui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyuan You
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sulin Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenying Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Daofeng Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Vemuri K, Radi SH, Sladek FM, Verzi MP. Multiple roles and regulatory mechanisms of the transcription factor HNF4 in the intestine. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1232569. [PMID: 37635981 PMCID: PMC10450339 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1232569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF4α) drives a complex array of transcriptional programs across multiple organs. Beyond its previously documented function in the liver, HNF4α has crucial roles in the kidney, intestine, and pancreas. In the intestine, a multitude of functions have been attributed to HNF4 and its accessory transcription factors, including but not limited to, intestinal maturation, differentiation, regeneration, and stem cell renewal. Functional redundancy between HNF4α and its intestine-restricted paralog HNF4γ, and co-regulation with other transcription factors drive these functions. Dysregulated expression of HNF4 results in a wide range of disease manifestations, including the development of a chronic inflammatory state in the intestine. In this review, we focus on the multiple molecular mechanisms of HNF4 in the intestine and explore translational opportunities. We aim to introduce new perspectives in understanding intestinal genetics and the complexity of gastrointestinal disorders through the lens of HNF4 transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranmayi Vemuri
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Sarah H. Radi
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Frances M. Sladek
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Michael P. Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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16
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Huang S, Xie Z, Han J, Wang H, Yang G, Li M, Zhou G, Wang Y, Li L, Li L, Zeng Z, Yu J, Chen M, Zhang S. Protocadherin 20 maintains intestinal barrier function to protect against Crohn's disease by targeting ATF6. Genome Biol 2023; 24:159. [PMID: 37407995 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal barrier dysfunction plays a central role in the pathological onset of Crohn's disease. We identify the cadherin superfamily member protocadherin 20 (PCDH20) as a crucial factor in Crohn's disease. Here we describe the function of PCDH20 and its mechanisms in gut homeostasis, barrier integrity, and Crohn's disease development. RESULTS PCDH20 mRNA and protein expression is significantly downregulated in the colonic epithelium of Crohn's disease patients and mice with induced colitis compared with controls. In mice, intestinal-specific Pcdh20 knockout causes defects in enterocyte proliferation and differentiation, while causing morphological abnormalities. Specifically, the deletion disrupts barrier integrity by unzipping adherens junctions via β-catenin regulation and p120-catenin phosphorylation, thus aggravating colitis in DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis mouse models. Furthermore, we identify activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), a key chaperone of endoplasmic reticulum stress, as a functional downstream effector of PCDH20. By administering a selective ATF6 activator, the impairment of intestinal barrier integrity and dysregulation of CHOP/β-catenin/p-p120-catenin pathway was reversed in Pcdh20-ablated mice with colitis and PCDH20-deficient colonic cell lines. CONCLUSIONS PCDH20 is an essential factor in maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis and barrier integrity. Specifically, PCDH20 helps to protect against colitis by tightening adherens junctions through the ATF6/CHOP/β-catenin/p-p120-catenin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
- People's Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Minimally Invasive & Interventional Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Manying Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoshi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shenghong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Xu S, Li X, Zhang S, Qi C, Zhang Z, Ma R, Xiang L, Chen L, Zhu Y, Tang C, Bourgonje AR, Li M, He Y, Zeng Z, Hu S, Feng R, Chen M. Oxidative stress gene expression, DNA methylation, and gut microbiota interaction trigger Crohn's disease: a multi-omics Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med 2023; 21:179. [PMID: 37170220 PMCID: PMC10173549 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OS) is a key pathophysiological mechanism in Crohn's disease (CD). OS-related genes can be affected by environmental factors, intestinal inflammation, gut microbiota, and epigenetic changes. However, the role of OS as a potential CD etiological factor or triggering factor is unknown, as differentially expressed OS genes in CD can be either a cause or a subsequent change of intestinal inflammation. Herein, we used a multi-omics summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) approach to identify putative causal effects and underlying mechanisms of OS genes in CD. METHODS OS-related genes were extracted from the GeneCards database. Intestinal transcriptome datasets were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and meta-analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to OS in CD. Integration analyses of the largest CD genome-wide association study (GWAS) summaries with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and DNA methylation QTLs (mQTLs) from the blood were performed using SMR methods to prioritize putative blood OS genes and their regulatory elements associated with CD risk. Up-to-date intestinal eQTLs and fecal microbial QTLs (mbQTLs) were integrated to uncover potential interactions between host OS gene expression and gut microbiota through SMR and colocalization analysis. Two additional Mendelian randomization (MR) methods were used as sensitivity analyses. Putative results were validated in an independent multi-omics cohort from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (FAH-SYS). RESULTS A meta-analysis from six datasets identified 438 OS-related DEGs enriched in intestinal enterocytes in CD from 817 OS-related genes. Five genes from blood tissue were prioritized as candidate CD-causal genes using three-step SMR methods: BAD, SHC1, STAT3, MUC1, and GPX3. Furthermore, SMR analysis also identified five putative intestinal genes, three of which were involved in gene-microbiota interactions through colocalization analysis: MUC1, CD40, and PRKAB1. Validation results showed that 88.79% of DEGs were replicated in the FAH-SYS cohort. Associations between pairs of MUC1-Bacillus aciditolerans and PRKAB1-Escherichia coli in the FAH-SYS cohort were consistent with eQTL-mbQTL colocalization. CONCLUSIONS This multi-omics integration study highlighted that OS genes causal to CD are regulated by DNA methylation and host-microbiota interactions. This provides evidence for future targeted functional research aimed at developing suitable therapeutic interventions and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaozhi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenghong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cancan Qi
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine & TWINCORE, Joint Ventures Between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruiqi Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyuan Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianmin Chen
- Changzhou Medical Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yijun Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ce Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Arno R Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miaoxin Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shixian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangxi Hospital Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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18
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Cencer CS, Silverman JB, Meenderink LM, Krystofiak ES, Millis BA, Tyska MJ. Adhesion-based capture stabilizes nascent microvilli at epithelial cell junctions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.08.531705. [PMID: 36945471 PMCID: PMC10028856 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.08.531705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Differentiated transporting epithelial cells present an extensive apical array of microvilli - a "brush border" - where neighboring microvilli are linked together by intermicrovillar adhesion complexes (IMACs) composed of protocadherins CDHR2 and CDHR5. Although loss-of-function studies provide strong evidence that IMAC function is needed to build a mature brush border, how the IMAC contributes to the stabilization and accumulation of nascent microvilli remains unclear. We found that, early in differentiation, the apical surface exhibits a marginal accumulation of microvilli, characterized by higher packing density relative to medial regions of the surface. While medial microvilli are highly dynamic and sample multiple orientations over time, marginal protrusions exhibit constrained motion and maintain a vertical orientation. Unexpectedly, we found that marginal microvilli span the junctional space and contact protrusions on neighboring cells, mediated by complexes of CDHR2/CDHR5. FRAP analysis indicated that these transjunctional IMACs are highly stable relative to adhesion complexes between medial microvilli, which explains the restricted motion of protrusions in the marginal zone. Finally, long-term live imaging revealed that the accumulation of microvilli at cell margins consistently leads to accumulation in medial regions of the cell. Collectively, our findings suggest that nascent microvilli are stabilized by a capture mechanism that is localized to cell margins and enabled by the transjunctional formation of IMACs. These results inform our understanding of how apical specializations are assembled in diverse epithelial systems.
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19
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Magnolia officinalis Bark Extract Prevents Enterocyte Death in a Colitis Mouse Model by Inhibiting ROS-Mediated Necroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122435. [PMID: 36552643 PMCID: PMC9774795 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a form of programmed cell death with features of necrosis and apoptosis that occurs in the intestinal epithelium of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In addition, necroptosis has also been observed in enterocytes in animal models of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Thus, the discovery of natural products for regulating necroptosis may represent an important therapeutic strategy for improving IBD. We found that Magnolia officinalis bark extract (MBE) prevented weight loss and suppressed the activation of the proinflammatory cytokine IL6 in DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, MBE restored the length of the damaged colon and decreased the expression of necroptosis markers in mice with DSS-induced colitis. In vitro, necroptosis-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was reduced by MBE, and the expression of COX2, a target protein of ROS, was simultaneously suppressed. Both magnolol and honokiol, the two major bioactive compounds in MBE, inhibited necroptosis in human primary intestinal epithelial cells and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of MBE in modulating enterocyte necroptosis and suggest that MBE may be developed as a natural, disease-targeting drug for the treatment of colitis.
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20
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Yuan Y, Fu M, Li N, Ye M. Identification of immune infiltration and cuproptosis-related subgroups in Crohn's disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1074271. [PMID: 36466876 PMCID: PMC9713932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1074271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crohn's disease (CD) is a type of heterogeneous, dysfunctional immune-mediated intestinal chronic and recurrent inflammation caused by a variety of etiologies. Cuproptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death that seems to contribute to the advancement of a variety of illnesses. Consequently, the major purpose of our research was to examine the role of cuproptosis-related genes in CD. Methods We obtained two CD datasets from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database, and immune cell infiltration was created to investigate immune cell dysregulation in CD. Based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the cuproptosis gene set, differentially expressed genes of cuproptosis (CuDEGs) were found. Then, candidate hub cuproptosis-associated genes were found using machine learning methods. Subsequently, using 437 CD samples, we explored two distinct subclusters based on hub cuproptosis-related genes. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and immune infiltration analysis studies were also used to assess the distinct roles of the subclusters. Results Overall, 25 CuDEGs were identified, including ABCB6, BACE1, FDX1, GLS, LIAS, MT1M, PDHA1, etc. And most CuDEGs were expressed at lower levels in CD samples and were negatively related to immune cell infiltration. Through the machine learning algorithms, a seven gene cuproptosis-signature was identified and two cuproptosis-related subclusters were defined. Cluster-specific differentially expressed genes were found only in one cluster, and functional analysis revealed that they were involved in several immune response processes. And the results of GSVA showed positive significant enrichment in immune-related pathways in cluster A, while positive significant enrichment in metabolic pathways in cluster B. In addition, an immune infiltration study indicated substantial variation in immunity across different groups. Immunological scores were higher and immune infiltration was more prevalent in Cluster A. Conclusion According to the current research, the cuproptosis phenomenon occurs in CD and is correlated with immune cell infiltration and metabolic activity. This information indicates that cuproptosis may promote CD progression by inducing immunological response and metabolic dysfunction. This research has opened new avenues for investigating the causes of CD and developing potential therapeutic targets for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Clinical Centre and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingyue Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Clinical Centre and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Clinical Centre and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mei Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Clinical Centre and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Mei Ye,
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21
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Zhou Z, Plug LG, Patente TA, de Jonge-Muller ESM, Elmagd AA, van der Meulen-de Jong AE, Everts B, Barnhoorn MC, Hawinkels LJAC. Increased stromal PFKFB3-mediated glycolysis in inflammatory bowel disease contributes to intestinal inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966067. [PMID: 36405760 PMCID: PMC9670190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammation of the intestinal tract with currently not well-understood pathogenesis. In addition to the involvement of immune cells, increasing studies show an important role for fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of IBD. Previous work showed that glycolysis is the preferred energy source for fibroblasts in fibrotic diseases. 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) is a key kinase supporting glycolysis. Increased expression of PFKFB3 in several cancers and inflammatory diseases has been previously reported, but the metabolic status of fibroblasts and the role of PFKFB3 in patients with IBD are currently unknown. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the role of glycolysis and PFKFB3 expression in IBD. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) revealed that glycolysis was significantly higher in IBD intestinal samples, compared to healthy controls, which was confirmed in the validation cohorts of IBD patients. Single-cell sequencing data indicated that PFKFB3 expression was higher in IBD-derived stromal cells. In vitro, PFKFB3 expression in IBD-derived fibroblasts was increased after the stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Using seahorse real-time cell metabolic analysis, inflamed fibroblasts were shown to have a higher extracellular acidification rate and a lower oxygen consumption rate, which could be reversed by inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway. Furthermore, increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in fibroblasts could be reverted by PFK15, a specific inhibitor of PFKFB3. In vivo experiments showed that PFK15 reduced the severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)- and Tcell transfer induced colitis, which was accompanied by a reduction in immune cell infiltration in the intestines. These findings suggest that increased stromal PFKFB3 expression contributes to inflammation and the pathological function of fibroblasts in IBD. Inhibition of PFKFB3 suppressed their inflammatory characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Leonie G. Plug
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thiago A. Patente
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Amir Abou Elmagd
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marieke C. Barnhoorn
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lukas J. A. C. Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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22
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Sun Q, Bravo Iniguez A, Tian Q, Du M, Zhu MJ. PGC-1α in mediating mitochondrial biogenesis and intestinal epithelial differentiation promoted by purple potato extract. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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23
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Dooley SA, Engevik KA, Digrazia J, Stubler R, Kaji I, Krystofiak E, Engevik AC. Myosin 5b is required for proper localization of the intermicrovillar adhesion complex in the intestinal brush border. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G501-G510. [PMID: 36218265 PMCID: PMC9639760 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00212.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal enterocytes have an elaborate apical membrane of actin-rich protrusions known as microvilli. The organization of microvilli is orchestrated by the intermicrovillar adhesion complex (IMAC), which connects the distal tips of adjacent microvilli. The IMAC is composed of CDHR2 and CDHR5 as well as the scaffolding proteins USH1C, ANKS4B, and Myosin 7b (MYO7B). To create an IMAC, cells must transport the proteins to the apical membrane. Myosin 5b (MYO5B) is a molecular motor that traffics ion transporters to the apical membrane of enterocytes, and we hypothesized that MYO5B may also be responsible for the localization of IMAC proteins. To address this question, we used two different mouse models: 1) neonatal germline MYO5B knockout (MYO5B KO) mice and 2) adult intestinal-specific tamoxifen-inducible VillinCreERT2;MYO5Bflox/flox mice. In control mice, immunostaining revealed that CDHR2, CDHR5, USH1C, and MYO7B were highly enriched at the tips of the microvilli. In contrast, neonatal germline and adult MYO5B-deficient mice showed loss of apical CDHR2, CDHR5, and MYO7B in the brush border and accumulation in a subapical compartment. Colocalization analysis revealed decreased Mander's coefficients in adult inducible MYO5B-deficient mice compared with control mice for CDHR2, CDHR5, USH1C, and MYO7B. Scanning electron microscopy images further demonstrated aberrant microvilli packing in adult inducible MYO5B-deficient mouse small intestine. These data indicate that MYO5B is responsible for the delivery of IMAC components to the apical membrane.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The intestinal epithelium absorbs nutrients and water through an elaborate apical membrane of highly organized microvilli. Microvilli organization is regulated by the intermicrovillar adhesion complexes, which create links between neighboring microvilli and control microvilli packing and density. In this study, we report a new trafficking partner of the IMAC, Myosin 5b. Loss of Myosin 5b results in a disorganized brush border and failure of IMAC proteins to reach the distal tips of microvilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Dooley
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kristen A Engevik
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jessica Digrazia
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rachel Stubler
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Izumi Kaji
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Cell Imaging Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amy C Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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24
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An analysis of intestinal morphology and incretin-producing cells using tissue optical clearing and 3-D imaging. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17530. [PMID: 36266531 PMCID: PMC9584944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue optical clearing permits detailed evaluation of organ three-dimensional (3-D) structure as well as that of individual cells by tissue staining and autofluorescence. In this study, we evaluated intestinal morphology, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), and enteroendocrine cells, such as incretin-producing cells, in reporter mice by intestinal 3-D imaging. 3-D intestinal imaging of reporter mice using optical tissue clearing enabled us to evaluate both detailed intestinal morphologies and cell numbers, villus length and crypt depth in the same samples. In disease mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injected mice, the results of 3-D imaging using tissue optical clearing in this study was consistent with those of 2-D imaging in previous reports and could added the new data of intestinal morphology. In analysis of incretin-producing cells of reporter mice, we could elucidate the number, the percentage, and the localization of incretin-producing cells in intestine and the difference of those between L cells and K cells. Thus, we established a novel method of intestinal analysis using tissue optical clearing and 3-D imaging. 3-D evaluation of intestine enabled us to clarify not only detailed intestinal morphology but also the precise number and localization of IECs and incretin-producing cells in the same samples.
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25
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Wang H, Chen H, Lin Y, Wang G, Luo Y, Li X, Wang M, Huai M, Li L, Barri A. Butyrate Glycerides Protect against Intestinal Inflammation and Barrier Dysfunction in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:3991. [PMID: 36235644 PMCID: PMC9570839 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the attenuating effects of butyrate glycerides (BG) on intestinal inflammatory responses and barrier dysfunction induced by LPS stimulation. An initial dose-response test was carried out to identify the optimal dose of BG for further testing. The mice were given intragastric administration of BG at different doses followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneal injection. The small intestinal morphology and cytokine mRNA expression were measured. With 1.5 g/kg BW BG administration, it was possible to alleviate the injury of duodenal morphology, attenuate ileum villus height reduction and promote IL-10 mRNA expression. Therefore, the optimal dosage of 1.5 g/kg BW BG was selected for the main experiment. The ultrastructure image of jejunum and ileum epithelial cells, mRNA expression, the level of cytokine and immunofluorescence in the ileum were analyzed. The results showed that BG maintain the ileac brush border, tight junction structures and protein expression. BG attenuated the increased inflammatory cytokines, TLR4 and JNK mRNA expression. Taken together, 1.5 g/kg BW BG administration maintained intestinal barrier function and reduced intestinal and body inflammation responses induced by LPS in mice. The mechanism by which BG alleviated intestinal inflammatory response and maintained intestinal barrier function may be related to the JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haohan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yueying Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Geng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanqiu Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Minqi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Lily Li
- BASF SEA Pte Ltd., Singapore 038987, Singapore
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26
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Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Mediated Tumor Therapeutic Resistance. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154750. [PMID: 35897925 PMCID: PMC9331826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the world’s most burdensome diseases, with increasing prevalence and a high mortality rate threat. Tumor recurrence and metastasis due to treatment resistance are two of the primary reasons that cancers have been so difficult to treat. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for tumor drug resistance. EMT causes tumor cells to produce mesenchymal stem cells and quickly adapt to various injuries, showing a treatment-resistant phenotype. In addition, multiple signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms are involved in the EMT, resulting in resistance to treatment and hard eradication of the tumors. The purpose of this study is to review the link between EMT, therapeutic resistance, and the molecular process, and to offer a theoretical framework for EMT-based tumor-sensitization therapy.
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27
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Engevik MA, Engevik AC. Myosins and membrane trafficking in intestinal brush border assembly. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 77:102117. [PMID: 35870341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Myosins are a class of motors that participate in a wide variety of cellular functions including organelle transport, cell adhesion, endocytosis and exocytosis, movement of RNA, and cell motility. Among the emerging roles for myosins is regulation of the assembly, morphology, and function of actin protrusions such as microvilli. The intestine harbors an elaborate apical membrane composed of highly organized microvilli. Microvilli assembly and function are intricately tied to several myosins including Myosin 1a, non-muscle Myosin 2c, Myosin 5b, Myosin 6, and Myosin 7b. Here, we review the research progress made in our understanding of myosin mediated apical assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Amy C Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina.
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28
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Xiong S, Whitehurst CE, Li L, Heo GS, Lai CW, Jain U, Muegge BD, Espenschied ST, Musich RJ, Chen M, Liu Y, Liu TC, Stappenbeck TS. Reverse translation approach generates a signature of penetrating fibrosis in Crohn's disease that is associated with anti-TNF response. Gut 2022; 71:1289-1301. [PMID: 34261752 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibrosis is a common feature of Crohn's disease (CD) which can involve the mesenteric fat. However, the molecular signature of this process remains unclear. Our goal was to define the transcriptional signature of mesenteric fibrosis in CD subjects and to model mesenteric fibrosis in mice to improve our understanding of CD pathogenesis. DESIGN We performed histological and transcriptional analysis of fibrosis in CD samples. We modelled a CD-like fibrosis phenotype by performing repeated colonic biopsies in mice and analysed the model by histology, type I collagen-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) and global gene expression. We generated a gene set list of essential features of mesenteric fibrosis and compared it to mucosal biopsy datasets from inflammatory bowel disease patients to identify a refined gene set that correlated with clinical outcomes. RESULTS Mesenteric fibrosis in CD was interconnected to areas of fibrosis in all layers of the intestine, defined as penetrating fibrosis. We found a transcriptional signature of differentially expressed genes enriched in areas of the mesenteric fat of CD subjects with high levels of fibrosis. Mice subjected to repeated colonic biopsies showed penetrating fibrosis as shown by histology, PET imaging and transcriptional analysis. Finally, we composed a composite 24-gene set list that was linked to inflammatory fibroblasts and correlated with treatment response. CONCLUSION We linked histopathological and molecular features of CD penetrating fibrosis to a mouse model of repeated biopsy injuries. This experimental system provides an innovative approach for functional investigations of underlying profibrotic mechanisms and therapeutic concepts in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charles E Whitehurst
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chin-Wen Lai
- Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Umang Jain
- Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian D Muegge
- Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Ryan J Musich
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ta-Chiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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29
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Mulenga C, Sviben S, Chandwe K, Amadi B, Kayamba V, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Mudenda V, Kelly P. Epithelial Abnormalities in the Small Intestine of Zambian Children With Stunting. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:849677. [PMID: 35372420 PMCID: PMC8966729 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.849677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental enteropathy (EE) contributes to impaired linear growth (stunting), in millions of children worldwide. We have previously reported that confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) shows fluorescein leaking from blood to gut lumen in vivo in adults and children with EE. We set out to identify epithelial lesions which might explain this phenomenon in Zambian children with stunting non-responsive to nutritional support. Methods We performed confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) in 75 children and collected intestinal biopsies for histology in 91 children. CLE videos were evaluated, employing the Watson score to determine severity of leakiness. Morphometry was carried out on well-orientated mucosa and 3 biopsies were examined by electron microscopy. Results Confocal laser endomicroscopy demonstrated substantial leakage from circulation to gut lumen in 73 (97%) children. Histology consistently showed characteristic changes of EE: villus blunting, lamina propria and epithelial inflammation, and depletion of secretory cells (Paneth cells and goblet cells). Epithelial abnormalities included marked variability in epithelial height, disorganised and shortened microvilli, dilated intercellular spaces, pseudostratification, formation of synechiae between epithelium on adjacent villi, crypt destruction, and abundant destructive lesions which may correspond to the microerosions identified on CLE. Conclusion Epithelial abnormalities were almost universal in Zambian children with non-responsive stunting, including epithelial microerosions, cell-cell adhesion anomalies, and defects in secretory cells which may all contribute to impairment of mucosal barrier function and microbial translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chola Mulenga
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Sanja Sviben
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kanta Chandwe
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Beatrice Amadi
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Violet Kayamba
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - James A. J. Fitzpatrick
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Departments of Cell Biology & Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Victor Mudenda
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Paul Kelly
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
- Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Paul Kelly,
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Ohara TE, Colonna M, Stappenbeck TS. Adaptive differentiation promotes intestinal villus recovery. Dev Cell 2022; 57:166-179.e6. [PMID: 35016013 PMCID: PMC9092613 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Loss of differentiated cells to tissue damage is a hallmark of many diseases. In slow-turnover tissues, long-lived differentiated cells can re-enter the cell cycle or transdifferentiate to another cell type to promote repair. Here, we show that in a high-turnover tissue, severe damage to the differentiated compartment induces progenitors to transiently acquire a unique transcriptional and morphological postmitotic state. We highlight this in an acute villus injury model in the mouse intestine, where we identified a population of progenitor-derived cells that covered injured villi. These atrophy-induced villus epithelial cells (aVECs) were enriched for fetal markers but were differentiated and lineage committed. We further established a role for aVECs in maintaining barrier integrity through the activation of yes-associated protein (YAP). Notably, loss of YAP activity led to impaired villus regeneration. Thus, we define a key repair mechanism involving the activation of a fetal-like program during injury-induced differentiation, a process we term "adaptive differentiation."
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro E Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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31
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Ni Q, Li M, Yu S. Research Progress of Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition Treatment and Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221081219. [PMID: 35435774 PMCID: PMC9019367 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221081219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world that seriously affects human health. Activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological phenomenon during embryonic development that is essential for cell metastasis. EMT participates in various biological processes associated with trauma repair, organ fibrosis, migration, metastasis, and infiltration of tumor cells. EMT is a new therapeutic target for CRC; however, some patients with CRC develop resistance to some drugs due to EMT. This review focuses specifically on the status of treatments that target the EMT process and its role in the therapeutic resistance observed in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyang Ni
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 74725The Third Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 74725The Third Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Meng Li has become the co-first author due to his outstanding contribution
| | - Suyang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 74725The Third Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Bersuder E, Terciolo C, Lechevrel M, Martin E, Quesnelle C, Freund JN, Reimund JM, Gross I. Mesalazine initiates an anti-oncogenic β-catenin / MUCDHL negative feed-back loop in colon cancer cells by cell-specific mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112543. [PMID: 34929577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation associated with intestinal architecture and barrier disruption puts patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Widely used to reduce flares of intestinal inflammation, 5-aminosalicylic acid derivatives (5-ASAs) such as mesalazine appear to also exert more direct mucosal healing and chemopreventive activities against CRC. The mechanisms underlying these activities are poorly understood and may involve the up-regulation of the cadherin-related gene MUCDHL (CDHR5). This atypical cadherin is emerging as a new actor of intestinal homeostasis and opposes colon tumorigenesis. Here, we showed that mesalazine increase mRNA levels of MUCDHL and of other genes involved in the intestinal barrier function in most intestinal cell lines. In addition, using gain / loss of function experiments (agonists, plasmid or siRNAs transfections), luciferase reporter genes and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we thoroughly investigated the molecular mechanisms triggered by mesalazine that lead to the up-regulation of MUCDHL expression. We found that basal transcription of MUCDHL in different CRC cell lines is regulated positively by CDX2 and negatively by β-catenin through a negative feed-back loop. However, mesalazine-stimulation of MUCDHL transcription is controlled by cell-specific mechanisms, involving either enhanced activation of CDX2 and PPAR-γ or repression of the β-catenin inhibitory effect. This work highlights the importance of the cellular and molecular context in the activity of mesalazine and suggests that its efficacy against CRC depends on the genetic alterations of transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bersuder
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC / UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chloe Terciolo
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC / UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathilde Lechevrel
- Université de Caen / Basse-Normandie, UFR de Médecine, EA 4652, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Elisabeth Martin
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC / UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Celine Quesnelle
- Université de Caen / Basse-Normandie, UFR de Médecine, EA 4652, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Jean-Noel Freund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC / UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marie Reimund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC / UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France; Université de Caen / Basse-Normandie, UFR de Médecine, EA 4652, F-14032 Caen, France; Service Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Isabelle Gross
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC / UMR-S1113, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, Strasbourg, France.
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He M, Li C, Tang W, Kang Y, Zuo Y, Wang Y. Machine learning gene expression predicting model for ustekinumab response in patients with Crohn's disease. Immun Inflamm Dis 2021; 9:1529-1540. [PMID: 34469062 PMCID: PMC8589399 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies reported the responses of ustekinumab (UST) for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) differ among patients, while the cause was unrevealed. The study aimed to develop a prediction model based on the gene transcription profiling of patients with CD in response to UST. Methods The GSE112366 dataset, which contains 86 CD and 26 normal samples, was downloaded for analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified first. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were administered. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis was performed to build a model for UST response prediction. Results A total of 122 DEGs were identified. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that immune response pathways are significantly enriched in patients with CD. A multivariate logistic regression equation that comprises four genes (HSD3B1, MUC4, CF1, and CCL11) for UST response prediction was built. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for patients in training set and testing set were 0.746 and 0.734, respectively. Conclusions This study is the first to build a gene expression prediction model for UST response in patients with CD and provides valuable data sources for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manrong He
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanxin Tang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingxi Kang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongdi Zuo
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yufang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Wu J, Yin Y, Qin M, Li K, Liu F, Zhou X, Song X, Li B. Vagus Nerve Stimulation Protects Enterocyte Glycocalyx After Hemorrhagic Shock Via the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway. Shock 2021; 56:832-839. [PMID: 33927140 PMCID: PMC8519159 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electrical vagal nerve stimulation is known to decrease gut permeability and alleviate gut injury caused by traumatic hemorrhagic shock. However, the specific mechanism of action remains unclear. Glycocalyx, located on the surface of the intestinal epithelium, is associated with the buildup of the intestinal barrier. Therefore, the goal of our study was to explore whether vagal nerve stimulation affects enterocyte glycocalyx, gut permeability, gut injury, and remote lung injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized and their cervical nerves were exposed. The rats underwent traumatic hemorrhagic shock (with maintenance of mean arterial pressure of 30-35 mmHg for 60 min) with fluid resuscitation. Vagal nerve stimulation was added to two cohorts of animals before fluid resuscitation, and one of them was injected with methyllycaconitine to block the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Intestinal epithelial glycocalyx was detected using immunofluorescence. Intestinal permeability, the degree of gut and lung injury, and inflammation factors were also assessed. RESULTS Vagal nerve stimulation alleviated the damage to the intestinal epithelial glycocalyx and decreased intestinal permeability by 43% compared with the shock/resuscitation phase (P < 0.05). Methyllycaconitine partly eliminated the effects of vagal nerve stimulation on the intestinal epithelial glycocalyx (P < 0.05). Vagal nerve stimulation protected against traumatic hemorrhagic shock/fluid resuscitation-induced gut and lung injury, and some inflammatory factor levels in the gut and lung tissue were downregulated after vagal nerve stimulation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vagal nerve stimulation could relieve traumatic hemorrhagic shock/fluid resuscitation-induced intestinal epithelial glycocalyx damage via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA, Wuhan, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yushuang Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA, Wuhan, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhe Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA, Wuhan, China
| | - Bixi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA, Wuhan, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Fat of the Gut: Epithelial Phospholipids in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111682. [PMID: 34769112 PMCID: PMC8584226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise a distinct set of clinical symptoms resulting from chronic inflammation within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Despite the significant progress in understanding the etiology and development of treatment strategies, IBD remain incurable for thousands of patients. Metabolic deregulation is indicative of IBD, including substantial shifts in lipid metabolism. Recent data showed that changes in some phospholipids are very common in IBD patients. For instance, phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)/PC ratios are associated with the severity of the inflammatory process. Composition of phospholipids also changes upon IBD towards an increase in arachidonic acid and a decrease in linoleic and a-linolenic acid levels. Moreover, an increase in certain phospholipid metabolites, such as lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide, can result in enhanced intestinal inflammation, malignancy, apoptosis or necroptosis. Because some phospholipids are associated with pathogenesis of IBD, they may provide a basis for new strategies to treat IBD. Current attempts are aimed at controlling phospholipid and fatty acid levels through the diet or via pharmacological manipulation of lipid metabolism.
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Fujita Y, Sugaya T, Tanaka T, Tominaga K, Yoshihara S. Ustekinumab as the First Biological Agent for Crohn's Disease in a 10-Year-Old Girl. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2021; 255:57-60. [PMID: 34588346 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.255.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease is associated with growth failure due to chronic inflammation, nutrient disorder, and the side effects of drugs, such as corticosteroids. Biological agents are therapeutic drugs that significantly improve the prognosis of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The effectiveness of ustekinumab has been reported in the management of adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease. There are very few reports regarding the effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease, especially those who are biologically naive. A 10-year-old girl presented with chronic abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. Colonoscopy showed a longitudinal ulcer and cobblestone appearance in the ileum and discontinuous inflammation of the colon; therefore, she was diagnosed with Crohn's disease. She was prescribed a fat-restricted diet, elemental diet, 5-aminosalicylic acid, transient prednisolone, and ustekinumab. She achieved clinical and endoscopic remission based on the weighted Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index, fecal calprotectin, and colonoscopy findings at week 75. This patient developed no adverse events, such as infusion reaction or susceptibility to infection over the 75 weeks. The use of ustekinumab as the first biological agent may be an effective and safe treatment for pediatric Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Takeshi Sugaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Takanao Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Keiichi Tominaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Shigemi Yoshihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
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Meta-analysis of gene expression disease signatures in colonic biopsy tissue from patients with ulcerative colitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18243. [PMID: 34521888 PMCID: PMC8440637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Publicly available ulcerative colitis (UC) gene expression datasets from observational studies and clinical trials include inherently heterogeneous disease characteristics and methodology. We used meta-analysis to identify a robust UC gene signature from inflamed biopsies. Eight gene expression datasets derived from biopsy tissue samples from noninflammatory bowel disease (IBD) controls and areas of active inflammation from patients with UC were publicly available. Expression- and meta-data were downloaded with GEOquery. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) in individual datasets were defined as those with fold change > 1.5 and a Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted P value < .05. Meta-analysis of all DEG used a random effects model. Reactome pathway enrichment analysis was conducted. Meta-analysis identified 946 up- and 543 down-regulated genes in patients with UC compared to non-IBD controls (1.2 and 1.7 times fewer up- and down-regulated genes than the median of the individual datasets). Top-ranked up- and down-regulated DEG were LCN2 and AQP8. Multiple immune-related pathways (e.g., ‘Chemokine receptors bind chemokine’ and ‘Interleukin-10 signaling’) were significantly up-regulated in UC, while ‘Biological oxidations’ and ‘Fatty acid metabolism’ were downregulated. A web-based data-mining tool with the meta-analysis results was made available (https://premedibd.com/genes.html). A UC inflamed biopsy disease gene signature was derived. This signature may be an unbiased reference for comparison and improve the efficiency of UC biomarker studies by increasing confidence for identification of disease-related genes and pathways.
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Gonzalez Acera M, Patankar JV, Diemand L, Siegmund B, Neurath MF, Wirtz S, Becker C. Comparative Transcriptomics of IBD Patients Indicates Induction of Type 2 Immunity Irrespective of the Disease Ideotype. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:664045. [PMID: 34136502 PMCID: PMC8200538 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.664045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines initiate and sustain the perpetuation of processes leading to chronic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The nature of the trigger causing an inflammatory reaction decides whether type 1, type 17, or type 2 immune responses, typically characterized by the respective T- helper cell subsets, come into effect. In the intestine, Type 2 responses have been linked with mucosal healing and resolution upon an immune challenge involving parasitic infections. However, type 2 cytokines are frequently elevated in certain types of IBD in particular ulcerative colitis (UC) leading to the assumption that Th2 cells might critically support the pathogenesis of UC raising the question of whether such elevated type 2 responses in IBD are beneficial or detrimental. In line with this, previous studies showed that suppression of IL-13 and other type 2 related molecules in murine models could improve the outcomes of intestinal inflammation. However, therapeutic attempts of neutralizing IL-13 in ulcerative colitis patients have yielded no benefits. Thus, a better understanding of the role of type 2 cytokines in regulating intestinal inflammation is required. Here, we took a comparative transcriptomic approach to address how Th2 responses evolve in different mouse models of colitis and human IBD datasets. Our data show that type 2 immune-related transcripts are induced in the inflamed gut of IBD patients in both Crohn's disease and UC and across widely used mouse models of IBD. Collectively our data implicate that the presence of a type 2 signature rather defines a distinct state of intestinal inflammation than a disease-specific pathomechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gonzalez Acera
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jay V Patankar
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leonard Diemand
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
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Deng M, Hu J, Tong R, Guo H, Li X, Liu Y. miR-452-5p regulates the responsiveness of intestinal epithelial cells in inflammatory bowel disease through Mcl-1. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:813. [PMID: 34131436 PMCID: PMC8193216 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic immune disorders that occur in the intestinal tract. Previous studies have revealed that intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play critical roles in the development of IBDs, and therapies targeting IECs hold great potential for the treatment of IBDs. However, the roles of microRNAs (miRs) in the regulation of IEC properties and whether they can be used as targets for IEC regulation and IBD treatment are largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the miR-452-5p/Mcl-1 axis in the regulation of the properties of IECs during the pathology of IBD. A dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC) and an in vitro lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IEC-6 cell model were investigated. The results revealed that miR-452-5p expression in the IECs of the mice increased significantly upon UC induction, and the knockdown of miR-452-5p alleviated the IBD symptoms. Furthermore, the suppression of miR-452-5p downregulated the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα, and upregulated the expression of intestinal barrier-associated molecules, namely occludin, zona occludens 1 and mucin-2 in IECs in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the results indicated that miR-452-5p modulated the responses of IECs by negatively regulating the expression of Mcl-1, as the knockdown of Mcl-1 abrogated the effects of miR-452-5p suppression on IECs. The present study suggested that miR-452-5p regulated the responsiveness of IECs to influence the development of UC in an Mcl-1-dependent manner. These observations provide important information to improve the understanding of IBD pathogenesis and indicate that targeting the miR-452-5p-Mcl-1 signaling axis in IECs holds potential for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Deng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei 430040, P.R. China
| | - Jianglin Hu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei 430040, P.R. China
| | - Rui Tong
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei 430040, P.R. China
| | - Hongming Guo
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei 430040, P.R. China
| | - Xuehui Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei 430040, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Liu TC, Kern JT, Jain U, Sonnek NM, Xiong S, Simpson KF, VanDussen KL, Winkler ES, Haritunians T, Malique A, Lu Q, Sasaki Y, Storer C, Diamond MS, Head RD, McGovern DPB, Stappenbeck TS. Western diet induces Paneth cell defects through microbiome alterations and farnesoid X receptor and type I interferon activation. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:988-1001.e6. [PMID: 34010595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal Paneth cells modulate innate immunity and infection. In Crohn's disease, genetic mutations together with environmental triggers can disable Paneth cell function. Here, we find that a western diet (WD) similarly leads to Paneth cell dysfunction through mechanisms dependent on the microbiome and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and type I interferon (IFN) signaling. Analysis of multiple human cohorts suggests that obesity is associated with Paneth cell dysfunction. In mouse models, consumption of a WD for as little as 4 weeks led to Paneth cell dysfunction. WD consumption in conjunction with Clostridium spp. increased the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid levels in the ileum, which in turn inhibited Paneth cell function. The process required excess signaling of both FXR and IFN within intestinal epithelial cells. Our findings provide a mechanistic link between poor diet and inhibition of gut innate immunity and uncover an effect of FXR activation in gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Justin T Kern
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Umang Jain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Naomi M Sonnek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shanshan Xiong
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katherine F Simpson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kelli L VanDussen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emma S Winkler
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Talin Haritunians
- The F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | - Atika Malique
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Qiuhe Lu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yo Sasaki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chad Storer
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Richard D Head
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- The F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Han X, Ding S, Jiang H, Liu G. Roles of Macrophages in the Development and Treatment of Gut Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:625423. [PMID: 33738283 PMCID: PMC7960654 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. They are not only responsible for innate immunity, but also participate in the development of intestinal inflammation. A clear understanding of the function of macrophages, as well as their role in pathogens and inflammatory response, will delineate the next steps in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the origin and development of macrophages and their role in the intestinal inflammatory response or infection. In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Han
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Sujuan Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China
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Potdar AA, Dube S, Naito T, Li K, Botwin G, Haritunians T, Li D, Casero D, Yang S, Bilsborough J, Perrigoue JG, Denson LA, Daly M, Targan SR, Fleshner P, Braun J, Kugathasan S, Stappenbeck TS, McGovern DP. Altered Intestinal ACE2 Levels Are Associated With Inflammation, Severe Disease, and Response to Anti-Cytokine Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:809-822.e7. [PMID: 33160965 PMCID: PMC9671555 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The host receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is highly expressed in small bowel (SB). Our aim was to identify factors influencing intestinal ACE2 expression in Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) controls. METHODS Using bulk RNA sequencing or microarray transcriptomics from tissue samples (4 SB and 2 colonic cohorts; n = 495; n = 387 UC; n = 94 non-IBD), we analyzed the relationship between ACE2 with demographics and disease activity and prognosis. We examined the outcome of anti-tumor necrosis factor and anti-interleukin-12/interleukin-23 treatment on SB and colonic ACE2 expression in 3 clinical trials. Univariate and multivariate regression models were fitted. RESULTS ACE2 levels were consistently reduced in SB CD and elevated in colonic UC compared with non-IBD controls. Elevated SB ACE2 was also associated with demographic features (age and elevated body mass index) associated with poor coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes. Within CD, SB ACE2 was reduced in patients subsequently developing complicated disease. Within UC, colonic ACE2 was elevated in active disease and in patients subsequently requiring anti-tumor necrosis factor rescue therapy. SB and colonic ACE2 expression in active CD and UC were restored by anti-cytokine therapy, most notably in responders. CONCLUSIONS Reduced SB but elevated colonic ACE2 levels in IBD are associated with inflammation and severe disease, but normalized after anti-cytokine therapy, suggesting compartmentalization of ACE2-related biology in SB and colonic inflammation. The restoration of ACE2 expression with anti-cytokine therapy might be important in the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and potentially explain reports of reduced morbidity from coronavirus disease 2019 in IBD patients treated with anti-cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka A. Potdar
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shishir Dube
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Takeo Naito
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katherine Li
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory Botwin
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Talin Haritunians
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dalin Li
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Casero
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shaohong Yang
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Janine Bilsborough
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Lee A. Denson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mark Daly
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephan R. Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Phillip Fleshner
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan Braun
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Dermot P.B. McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Dermot P. B. McGovern, MD, PhD, FRCP(Lon), F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8730 Alden Drive, Los Angeles, California 90048
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Li XZ, Qiu Y, Jeffery L, Liu F, Feng R, He JS, Tan JY, Ye ZY, Lin SN, Ghosh S, Iacucci M, Chen MH, Mao R. Down-Regulation of Colonic ACE2 Expression in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Responding to Anti-TNF Therapy: Implications for COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:613475. [PMID: 33511147 PMCID: PMC7835139 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.613475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) is the key molecule for understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19. The risk of COVID-19 and impact of immunosuppressive treatment on disease course in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain controversial. We aimed to determine the change of intestinal ACE2 expression before and after biologics treatment including anti-tumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNFα), anti-integrin, and anti-interleukin (IL)12/23 in IBD patients. Methods: We analyzed the ACE2 expression through the public database of paired intestinal biopsies from IBD patients before and after biologic therapy. Change of ACE2 RNA and protein expression were validated in two independent cohorts (Birmingham cohort and Guangzhou cohort). The correlation between ACE2 expression and disease activity was also analyzed. Results: Mining information from the GEO database showed that compared with healthy control, intestinal ACE2 expression was downregulated in ileum of CD patients, while upregulated in colon of both CD and UC patients. Colonic ACE2 RNA expression was decreased significantly in patients responding to anti-TNFα but not anti-integrin and anti-IL12/23, which was validated in the Birmingham cohort. Using the Guangzhou cohort including 53 patients matched by pre- and post-anti-TNFα therapy, colonic ACE2 protein expression was significantly downregulated after anti-TNFα treatment in responders (P < 0.001) rather than non-responders. Colonic ACE2 expression was significantly higher in patients with severe histologically active disease compared with those with moderate (P < 0.0001) and mild (P = 0.0002) histologically active disease. Conclusion: Intestinal inflammation influences the expression of intestinal ACE2 in IBD patients, with different alterations in the ileum and colon. Colonic ACE2 expression was downregulated after anti-TNFα therapy in IBD patients responding to treatment. This might provide new clues regarding the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the potential benefit of sustaining anti-TNFα treatment in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Louisa Jeffery
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Shen He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Yu Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yin Ye
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Nan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marietta Iacucci
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Min-Hu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Suárez-Fariñas M, Tokuyama M, Wei G, Huang R, Livanos A, Jha D, Levescot A, Irizar H, Kosoy R, Cording S, Wang W, Losic B, Ungaro RC, Di’Narzo A, Martinez-Delgado G, Suprun M, Corley MJ, Stojmirovic A, Houten SM, Peters L, Curran M, Brodmerkel C, Perrigoue J, Friedman JR, Hao K, Schadt EE, Zhu J, Ko HM, Cho J, Dubinsky MC, Sands BE, Ndhlovu L, Cerf-Bensusan N, Kasarskis A, Colombel JF, Harpaz N, Argmann C, Mehandru S. Intestinal Inflammation Modulates the Expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Potentially Overlaps With the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-related Disease. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:287-301.e20. [PMID: 32980345 PMCID: PMC7516468 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The presence of gastrointestinal symptoms and high levels of viral RNA in the stool suggest active severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication within enterocytes. METHODS Here, in multiple, large cohorts of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we have studied the intersections between Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), intestinal inflammation, and IBD treatment. RESULTS A striking expression of ACE2 on the small bowel enterocyte brush border supports intestinal infectivity by SARS-CoV-2. Commonly used IBD medications, both biologic and nonbiologic, do not significantly impact ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptor expression in the uninflamed intestines. In addition, we have defined molecular responses to COVID-19 infection that are also enriched in IBD, pointing to shared molecular networks between COVID-19 and IBD. CONCLUSIONS These data generate a novel appreciation of the confluence of COVID-19- and IBD-associated inflammation and provide mechanistic insights supporting further investigation of specific IBD drugs in the treatment of COVID-19. Preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.21.109124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, New York
| | - Minami Tokuyama
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Gabrielle Wei
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, New York,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ruiqi Huang
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, New York
| | - Alexandra Livanos
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Divya Jha
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Anais Levescot
- Inserm, UMR1163, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity and Institute Imagine, Paris, France,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Haritz Irizar
- University College London, Department Mental Health Sciences Unit, London, UK
| | - Roman Kosoy
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, New York,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sascha Cording
- Inserm, UMR1163, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity and Institute Imagine, Paris, France,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, New York,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Bojan Losic
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, New York,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ryan C. Ungaro
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Antonio Di’Narzo
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, New York,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Gustavo Martinez-Delgado
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Maria Suprun
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michael J. Corley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Sander M. Houten
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, New York,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lauren Peters
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, New York,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Ke Hao
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, New York,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, New York,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jun Zhu
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, New York,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Huaibin M. Ko
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Judy Cho
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, New York,The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Marla C. Dubinsky
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Bruce E. Sands
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lishomwa Ndhlovu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Andrew Kasarskis
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, New York,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Noam Harpaz
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, New York; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Mucin-2 knockout is a model of intercellular junction defects, mitochondrial damage and ATP depletion in the intestinal epithelium. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21135. [PMID: 33273633 PMCID: PMC7713437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption of the protective intestinal barrier—the ‘leaky gut’—is a common complication of the inflammatory bowel disease. There is limited data on the mechanisms of the intestinal barrier disruption upon low-grade inflammation characteristic of patients with inflammatory bowel disease in clinical remission. Thus, animal models that recapitulate the complexity of chronic intestinal inflammation in vivo are of particular interest. In this study, we used Mucin-2 (Muc2) knockout mice predisposed to colitis to study intestinal barrier upon chronic inflammation. We used 4-kDa FITC-Dextran assay and transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate the increased intestinal permeability and morphological defects in intercellular junctions in Muc2 knockout mice. Confocal microscopy revealed the disruption of the apical F-actin cytoskeleton and delocalization of tight junction protein Claudin-3 from the membrane. We further demonstrate mitochondrial damage, impaired oxygen consumption and the reduction of the intestinal ATP content in Muc2 knockout mice. Finally, we show that chemically induced mitochondrial uncoupling in the wild type mice mimics the intestinal barrier disruption in vivo and causes partial loss of F-actin and membrane localization of Claudin-3. We propose that mitochondrial damage and metabolic shifts during chronic inflammation contribute to the leaky gut syndrome in Muc2 knockout animal model of colitis.
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Osterman MT, VanDussen KL, Gordon IO, Davis EM, Li K, Simpson K, Ciorba M, Glover SC, Abraham B, Guo X, Yee EU, Allard FD, Perrigoue JG, Claggett B, Shen B, Stappenbeck TS, Liu JJ. Epithelial Cell Biomarkers Are Predictive of Response to Biologic Agents in Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 27:677-685. [PMID: 32964238 PMCID: PMC8047859 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic efficacy of biologics has remained at about 50% for 2 decades. In Crohn's disease (CD) patients, we examined the predictive value of an epithelial cell biomarker, ileal microvillar length (MVL), for clinical response to ustekinumab (UST) and vedolizumab (VDZ) and its relationship to another biomarker, intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) pyroptosis, with respect to response to VDZ. METHOD Ileal biopsies from the UNITI-2 randomized controlled trial were analyzed for MVL as a predictor of clinical response to UST. In a 5-center academic retrospective cohort of CD patients, ileal MVL was analyzed to determine its predictive value for response to VDZ. Correlation between ileal MVL and IEC pyroptosis was determined, and the discriminant ability of the combination of 2 biomarkers to VDZ was examined. RESULTS Clinical response in UST was significantly higher than placebo (65% vs 39%; P = 0.03), with patients with normal MVL (>1.7 µm) having the greatest therapeutic effect: 85% vs 20% (P = 0.02). For VDZ, clinical response with MVL of 1.35 to 1.55 µm was 82% vs 44% (<1.35 µm) and 40% (>1.55 µm; P = 0.038). There was no correlation between ileal MVL and IEC pyroptosis. The combination criteria of ileal pyroptosis <14 positive cells/1000 IECs or MVL of 1.35 to 1.55 µm could identify 84% of responders and 67% of nonresponders (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Ileal MVL was predictive of response to UST and VDZ in prospective and retrospective CD cohorts. It was independent of ileal IEC pyroptosis, and combination of the 2 biomarkers enhanced the discriminate ability of responders from nonresponders to VDZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Osterman
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelli L VanDussen
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ilyssa O Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Elisabeth M Davis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Katherine Li
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Kate Simpson
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew Ciorba
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah C Glover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bincy Abraham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xueyan Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Eric U Yee
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Felicia D Allard
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Brian Claggett
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Julia J Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA,Address correspondence to: Julia J. Liu, MD, MSc, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. #567, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. E-mail:
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47
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Osterman MT, Gordon IO, Davis EM, Ciorba M, Glover SC, Abraham B, Khan F, Guo X, Yee EU, Allard FD, Claggett B, Shen B, Liu JJ. Mucosal Biomarker of Innate Immune Activation Predicts Response to Vedolizumab in Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1554-1561. [PMID: 31553433 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucosal barrier dysfunction plays a crucial role in intestinal inflammation in Crohn's disease (CD). Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) death resulting from innate immune activation, termed pyroptosis, was recently found to be a cause of this barrier defect. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of pretreatment ileal biopsy pyroptosis as a biomarker for clinical response to vedolizumab in CD. DESIGN Crohn's disease patients ranging 18 to 80 years old from 5 IBD centers with pre-vedolizumab ileal biopsies during colonoscopy were enrolled. Biopsies were stained for activated caspases, and levels of ileal IEC pyroptosis levels were quantified. The primary outcome was clinical response 6 months after therapy, defined as a reduction of Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) of ≥5 points from baseline. Secondary outcomes included clinical remission, defined as HBI <5, and endoscopic improvement, as measured by the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD). RESULTS One hundred CD patients (45 male, 55 female), median age 47 (19, 78) years, were included; clinical response rate was 60%, and clinical remission was 36%. The response rate in patients with ileal pyroptosis <14 positive cells per 1000 IECs was significantly higher than those above the threshold: 89% (25 of 28) vs 49% (35 of 72), odds ratio (OR) 8.8 (95% CI, 2.3-48.6; P < 0.001). Corresponding remission rates were 54% (15 of 28) vs 29% (21 of 72; OR 2.8 [1.03-7.59; P = 0.036]). For endoscopic improvement, ileal pyroptosis of 22 positive cells per 1000 IECs was the optimal threshold that determines the magnitude SES-CD change. CONCLUSIONS Ileal biopsy IEC pyroptosis was predictive of clinical response and endoscopic improvement to vedolizmab in CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Osterman
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ilyssa O Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Elisabeth M Davis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Matthew Ciorba
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah C Glover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bincy Abraham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Freeha Khan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xueyan Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Eric U Yee
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Felicia D Allard
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Brian Claggett
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Julia J Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Bulek K, Zhao J, Liao Y, Rana N, Corridoni D, Antanaviciute A, Chen X, Wang H, Qian W, Miller-Little WA, Swaidani S, Tang F, Willard BB, McCrae K, Kang Z, Dubyak GR, Cominelli F, Simmons A, Pizarro TT, Li X. Epithelial-derived gasdermin D mediates nonlytic IL-1β release during experimental colitis. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:4218-4234. [PMID: 32597834 PMCID: PMC7410065 DOI: 10.1172/jci138103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin D (GSDMD) induces pyroptosis via the pore-forming activity of its N-terminal domain, cleaved by activated caspases associated with the release of IL-1β. Here, we report a nonpyroptotic role of full-length GSDMD in guiding the release of IL-1β-containing small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In response to caspase-8 inflammasome activation, GSDMD, chaperoned by Cdc37/Hsp90, recruits the E3 ligase, NEDD4, to catalyze polyubiquitination of pro-IL-1β, serving as a signal for cargo loading into secretory vesicles. GSDMD and IL-1β colocalize with the exosome markers CD63 and ALIX intracellularly, and GSDMD and NEDD4 are required for release of CD63+ sEVs containing IL-1β, GSDMD, NEDD4, and caspase-8. Importantly, increased expression of epithelial-derived GSDMD is observed both in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and those with experimental colitis. While GSDMD-dependent release of IL-1β-containing sEVs is detected in cultured colonic explants from colitic mice, GSDMD deficiency substantially attenuates disease severity, implicating GSDMD-mediated release of IL-1β sEVs in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, such as that observed in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bulek
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yun Liao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nitish Rana
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniele Corridoni
- Medical Research Counsel (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Agne Antanaviciute
- Medical Research Counsel (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wen Qian
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William A. Miller-Little
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology and
| | | | - Fangqiang Tang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Belinda B. Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Keith McCrae
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
| | - Zizhen Kang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - George R. Dubyak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Digestive Health Institute, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alison Simmons
- Medical Research Counsel (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Theresa T. Pizarro
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Zheng M, Kanneganti TD. The regulation of the ZBP1-NLRP3 inflammasome and its implications in pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis (PANoptosis). Immunol Rev 2020; 297:26-38. [PMID: 32729116 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ZBP1 has been characterized as a critical innate immune sensor of not only viral RNA products but also endogenous nucleic acid ligands. ZBP1 sensing of the Z-RNA produced during influenza virus infection induces cell death in the form of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis (PANoptosis). PANoptosis is a coordinated cell death pathway that is driven through a multiprotein complex called the PANoptosome and enables crosstalk and co-regulation among these processes. During influenza virus infection, a key step in PANoptosis and PANoptosome assembly is the formation of the ZBP1-NLRP3 inflammasome. When Z-RNA is sensed, ZBP1 recruits RIPK3 and caspase-8 to activate the ZBP1-NLRP3 inflammasome. Several other host factors have been found to be important for ZBP1-NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, including molecules involved in the type I interferon signaling pathway and caspase-6. Additionally, influenza viral proteins, such as M2, NS1, and PB1-F2, have also been shown to regulate the ZBP1-NLRP3 inflammasome. This review explains the functions of ZBP1 and the mechanistic details underlying the activation of the ZBP1-NLRP3 inflammasome and the formation of the PANoptosome. Improved understanding of the ZBP1-NLRP3 inflammasome will direct the development of therapeutic strategies to target infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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50
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Le N, Mazahery C, Nguyen K, Levine AD. Regulation of Intestinal Epithelial Barrier and Immune Function by Activated T Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:55-76. [PMID: 32659380 PMCID: PMC7596298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Communication between T cells and the intestinal epithelium is altered in many diseases, causing T-cell activation, depletion, or recruitment, and disruption of the epithelium. We hypothesize that activation of T cells regulates epithelial barrier function by targeting the assembly of the tight junction complex. METHODS In a 3-dimensional and 2-dimensional co-culture model of activated T cells subjacent to the basolateral surface of an epithelial monolayer, the pore, leak, and unrestricted pathways were evaluated using transepithelial resistance and flux of fluorescently labeled tracers. T cells were acutely and chronically activated by cross-linking the T-cell receptor. Tight junction assembly and expression were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. RESULTS Co-culture with acutely and chronically activated T cells decreased the magnitude of ion flux through the pore pathway, which was maintained in the presence of acutely activated T cells. Chronically activated T cells after 30 hours induced a precipitous increase in the magnitude of both ion and molecular flux, resulting in an increase in the unrestricted pathway, destruction of microvilli, expansion in cell surface area, and cell death. These fluctuations in permeability were the result of changes in the assembly and expression of tight junction proteins, cell morphology, and viability. Co-culture modulated the expression of immune mediators in the epithelium and T cells. CONCLUSIONS Bidirectional communication between T cells and epithelium mediates a biphasic response in barrier integrity that is facilitated by the balance between structural proteins partitioning in the mobile lateral phase vs the tight junction complex and cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Le
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology
| | | | - Kien Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology
| | - Alan D Levine
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology; Department of Pathology; Department of Pharmacology; Department of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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