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Clerbaux LA, Cordier P, Desboeufs N, Unger K, Leary P, Semere G, Boege Y, Chan LK, Desdouets C, Lopes M, Weber A. Mcl-1 deficiency in murine livers leads to nuclear polyploidisation and mitotic errors: Implications for hepatocellular carcinoma. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100838. [PMID: 37663116 PMCID: PMC10472239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Mcl-1, an antiapoptotic protein overexpressed in many tumours, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), represents a promising target for cancer treatment. Although Mcl-1 non-apoptotic roles might critically influence the therapeutic potential of Mcl-1 inhibitors, these functions remain poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the effects of hepatic Mcl-1 deficiency (Mcl-1Δhep) on hepatocyte ploidy and cell cycle in murine liver in vivo and the possible implications on HCC. Methods Livers of young Mcl-1Δhep and wild-type (WT) mice were analysed for ploidy profile, mitotic figures, in situ chromosome segregation, gene set enrichment analysis and were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy to assess Mcl-1 deficiency effect on cell cycle progression in vivo. Mcl-1Δhep tumours in older mice were analysed for ploidy profile, chromosomal instability, and mutational signatures via whole exome sequencing. Results In young mice, Mcl-1 deficiency leads to nuclear polyploidy and to high rates of mitotic errors with abnormal spindle figures and chromosome mis-segregation along with a prolonged spindle assembly checkpoint activation signature. Chromosomal instability and altered ploidy profile are observed in Mcl-1Δhep tumours of old mice as well as a characteristic mutational signature of currently unknown aetiology. Conclusions Our study suggests novel non-apoptotic effects of Mcl-1 deficiency on nuclear ploidy, mitotic regulation, and chromosomal segregation in hepatocytes in vivo. In addition, the Mcl-1 deficiency characteristic mutational signature might reflect mitotic issues. These results are of importance to consider when developing anti-Mcl-1 therapies to treat cancer. Impact and implications Although Mcl-1 inhibitors represent promising hepatocellular carcinoma treatment, the still poorly understood non-apoptotic roles of Mcl-1 might compromise their successful clinical application. Our study shows that Mcl-1 deficiency leads to nuclear polyploidy, mitotic errors, and aberrant chromosomal segregation in hepatocytes in vivo, whereas hepatocellular tumours spontaneously induced by Mcl-1 deficiency exhibit chromosomal instability and a mutational signature potentially reflecting mitotic issues. These results have potential implications for the development of anti-Mcl-1 therapies to treat hepatocellular carcinoma, especially as hyperproliferative liver is a clinically relevant situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Alix Clerbaux
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research (IMCR), University of Zürich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Cordier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Genomic Instability, Metabolism, Immunity and Liver Tumorigenesis Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2023, Paris, France
| | - Nina Desboeufs
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research (IMCR), University of Zürich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Leary
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research (IMCR), University of Zürich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Semere
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Boege
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lap Kwan Chan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Desdouets
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Genomic Instability, Metabolism, Immunity and Liver Tumorigenesis Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2023, Paris, France
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research (IMCR), University of Zürich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research (IMCR), University of Zürich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
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Shang J, Nie X, Qi Y, Zhou J, Qi Y. Short-term smoking cessation leads to a universal decrease in whole blood genomic DNA methylation in patients with a smoking history. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:227. [PMID: 37496025 PMCID: PMC10369823 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetics is involved in various human diseases. Smoking is one of the most common environmental factors causing epigenetic changes. The DNA methylation changes and mechanisms after quitting smoking have yet to be defined. The present study examined the changes in DNA methylation levels before and after short-term smoking cessation and explored the potential mechanism. METHODS Whole blood and clinical data were collected from 8 patients before and after short-term smoking cessation, DNA methylation was assessed, and differentially methylated sites were analyzed, followed by a comprehensive analysis of the differentially methylated sites with clinical data. GO/KEGG enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses identified the hub genes. The differentially methylated sites between former and current smokers in GSE50660 from the GEO database were detected by GEO2R. Then, a Venn analysis was carried out using the differentially methylated sites. GO/KEGG enrichment analysis was performed on the genes corresponding to the common DNA methylation sites, the PPI network was constructed, and hub genes were predicted. The enriched genes associated with the cell cycle were selected, and the pan-cancer gene expression and clinical significance in lung cancer were analyzed based on the TCGA database. RESULTS Most genes showed decreased DNA methylation levels after short-term smoking cessation; 694 upregulated methylation CpG sites and 3184 downregulated methylation CpG sites were identified. The DNA methylation levels were altered according to the clinical data (body weight, expiratory, and tobacco dependence score). Enrichment analysis, construction of the PPI network, and pan-cancer analysis suggested that smoking cessation may affect various biological processes. CONCLUSIONS Smoking cessation leads to epigenetic changes, mainly decreased in the decline of most DNA methylation levels. Bioinformatics further identified the biologically relevant changes after short-term smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Shang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University; People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Xinran Nie
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Yanan Qi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Central China Fuwai Hospital; Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Health Management, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yong Qi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University; People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
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Sanz-Gómez N, González-Álvarez M, De Las Rivas J, de Cárcer G. Whole-Genome Doubling as a source of cancer: how, when, where, and why? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1209136. [PMID: 37342233 PMCID: PMC10277508 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1209136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome instability is a well-known hallmark of cancer, leading to increased genetic plasticity of tumoral cells, which favors cancer aggressiveness, and poor prognosis. One of the main sources of chromosomal instability are events that lead to a Whole-Genome Duplication (WGD) and the subsequently generated cell polyploidy. In recent years, several studies showed that WGD occurs at the early stages of cell transformation, which allows cells to later become aneuploid, thus leading to cancer progression. On the other hand, other studies convey that polyploidy plays a tumor suppressor role, by inducing cell cycle arrest, cell senescence, apoptosis, and even prompting cell differentiation, depending on the tissue cell type. There is still a gap in understanding how cells that underwent WGD can overcome the deleterious effect on cell fitness and evolve to become tumoral. Some laboratories in the chromosomal instability field recently explored this paradox, finding biomarkers that modulate polyploid cells to become oncogenic. This review brings a historical view of how WGD and polyploidy impact cell fitness and cancer progression, and bring together the last studies that describe the genes helping cells to adapt to polyploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sanz-Gómez
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer Biology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols“. (IIBM) CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María González-Álvarez
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer Biology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols“. (IIBM) CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Group, Cancer Research Center (CiC-IBMCC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Guillermo de Cárcer
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biomarkers Laboratory, Cancer Biology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols“. (IIBM) CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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Shi XJ, Yao CG, Li HL, Wei YH, Hu KH. Chromosome hyperploidy induced by chronic hepatitis B virus infection and its targeted therapeutic strategy. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:299-306. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i8.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection induces chromosomal hyperploidy (including aneuploidy and polyploidy) and chromosomal instability in hepatocytes, which is one of the main causes of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although hepatocytes can regulate polyploidization of chromosomes under normal conditions, it is difficult to regulate hyperploidization caused by HBV infection and thus carcinogenesis. Studies have shown that HBV can cause dysregulation of many signal pathways such as PLK1/PRC1, and induce chromosome hyperploidy and malignant transformation of hepatocytes. Herein we review the mechanism of HBV infection-induced chromosomal hyperploidy of hepatocytes to cuase hepatocarcinogenesis and the advances in research of drugs targeting chromosomal hyperploidy.
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Chen G, Liu J, Wang H, Wang M, Wang G, Hu T. SYP-3343 drives abnormal vascularization in zebrafish through regulating endothelial cell behavior. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 174:113671. [PMID: 36796616 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
SYP-3343 is a novel strobilurin fungicide with excellent and broad-spectrum antifungal activity, and its potential toxicity raises public health concerns. However, the vascular toxicity of SYP-3343 to zebrafish embryos is still not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of SYP-3343 on vascular growth and its potential mechanism of action. SYP-3343 inhibited zebrafish endothelial cell (zEC) migration, altered nuclear morphology, and triggered abnormal vasculogenesis and zEC sprouting angiogenesis, resulting in angiodysplasia. RNA sequencing showed that SYP-3343 exposure altered the transcriptional levels of vascular development-related biological processes in zebrafish embryos including angiogenesis, sprouting angiogenesis, blood vessel morphogenesis, blood vessel development, and vasculature development. Whereas, the addition of NAC exerted an improvement effect on zebrafish vascular defects owing to SYP-3343 exposure. Additionally, SYP-3343 altered cell cytoskeleton and morphology, obstructed migration and viability, disrupted cell cycle progression, and depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as promoted apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HUVEC. SYP-3343 also caused an imbalance of the oxidation and antioxidant systems and irritated the alterations in the cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes in HUVECs. Collectively, SYP-3343 has high cytotoxicity, possibly by up-regulating p53 and caspase3 expressions and bax/bcl-2 ratio via ROS, leading to malformed vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Huiyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Tingzhang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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Zheng X, Chen L, Liu W, Zhao S, Yan Y, Zhao J, Tian W, Wang Y. CCNE1 is a predictive and immunotherapeutic indicator in various cancers including UCEC: a pan-cancer analysis. Hereditas 2023; 160:13. [PMID: 36964635 PMCID: PMC10037856 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-023-00273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCNE1 plays an important oncogenic role in several tumors, especially high-stage serous ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer. Nevertheless, the fundamental function of CCNE1 has not been explored in multiple cancers. Therefore, bioinformatics analyses of pan-cancer datasets were carried out to explore how CCNE1 regulates tumorigenesis. METHODS A variety of online tools and cancer databases, including GEPIA2, SangerBox, LinkedOmics and cBioPortal, were applied to investigate the expression of CCNE1 across cancers. The pan-cancer datasets were used to search for links between CCNE1 expression and prognosis, DNA methylation, m6A level, genetic alterations, CCNE1-related genes, and tumor immunity. We verified that CCNE1 has biological functions in UCEC cell lines using CCK-8, EdU, and Transwell assays. RESULTS In patients with different tumor types, a high mRNA expression level of CCNE1 was related to a poor prognosis. Genes related to CCNE1 were connected to the cell cycle, metabolism, and DNA damage repair, according to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Genetic alterations of CCNE1, including duplications and deep mutations, have been observed in various cancers. Immune analysis revealed that CCNE1 had a strong correlation with TMB, MSI, neoantigen, and ICP in a variety of tumor types, and this correlation may have an impact on the sensitivity of various cancers to immunotherapy. CCK-8, EdU and Transwell assays suggested that CCNE1 knockdown can suppress UCEC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that CCNE1 is upregulated in multiple cancers in the TCGA database and may be a promising predictive biomarker for the immunotherapy response in some types of cancers. Moreover, CCNE1 knockdown can suppress the proliferation, migration and invasion of UCEC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenlu Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Yan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyan Tian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Böhly N, Schmidt AK, Zhang X, Slusarenko BO, Hennecke M, Kschischo M, Bastians H. Increased replication origin firing links replication stress to whole chromosomal instability in human cancer. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111836. [PMID: 36516748 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and comprises structural CIN (S-CIN) and numerical or whole chromosomal CIN (W-CIN). Recent work indicated that replication stress (RS), known to contribute to S-CIN, also affects mitotic chromosome segregation, possibly explaining the common co-existence of S-CIN and W-CIN in human cancer. Here, we show that RS-induced increased origin firing is sufficient to trigger W-CIN in human cancer cells. We discovered that overexpression of origin firing genes, including GINS1 and CDC45, correlates with W-CIN in human cancer specimens and causes W-CIN in otherwise chromosomally stable human cells. Furthermore, modulation of the ATR-CDK1-RIF1 axis increases the number of firing origins and leads to W-CIN. Importantly, chromosome missegregation upon additional origin firing is mediated by increased mitotic microtubule growth rates, a mitotic defect prevalent in chromosomally unstable cancer cells. Thus, our study identifies increased replication origin firing as a cancer-relevant trigger for chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Böhly
- Georg August University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Schmidt
- Georg August University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Department of Mathematics and Technology, 53424 Remagen, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Department of Informatics, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin O Slusarenko
- Georg August University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Magdalena Hennecke
- Georg August University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maik Kschischo
- University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Department of Mathematics and Technology, 53424 Remagen, Germany
| | - Holger Bastians
- Georg August University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Neudorf NM, Thompson LL, Lichtensztejn Z, Razi T, McManus KJ. Reduced SKP2 Expression Adversely Impacts Genome Stability and Promotes Cellular Transformation in Colonic Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233731. [PMID: 36496990 PMCID: PMC9738323 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), the underlying molecular mechanisms driving CRC development remain largely uncharacterized. Chromosome instability (CIN), or ongoing changes in chromosome complements, occurs in ~85% of CRCs and is a proposed driver of cancer development, as the genomic changes imparted by CIN enable the acquisition of karyotypes that are favorable for cellular transformation and the classic hallmarks of cancer. Despite these associations, the aberrant genes and proteins driving CIN remain elusive. SKP2 encodes an F-box protein, a variable subunit of the SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF) complex that selectively targets proteins for polyubiquitylation and degradation. Recent data have identified the core SCF complex components (SKP1, CUL1, and RBX1) as CIN genes; however, the impact reduced SKP2 expression has on CIN, cellular transformation, and oncogenesis remains unknown. Using both short- small interfering RNA (siRNA) and long-term (CRISPR/Cas9) approaches, we demonstrate that diminished SKP2 expression induces CIN in both malignant and non-malignant colonic epithelial cell contexts. Moreover, temporal assays reveal that reduced SKP2 expression promotes cellular transformation, as demonstrated by enhanced anchorage-independent growth. Collectively, these data identify SKP2 as a novel CIN gene in clinically relevant models and highlight its potential pathogenic role in CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Neudorf
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Laura L. Thompson
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Zelda Lichtensztejn
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Tooba Razi
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Kirk J. McManus
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-787-2833
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Hou CY, Ma CY, Lin YJ, Huang CL, Wang HD, Yuh CH. WNK1–OSR1 Signaling Regulates Angiogenesis-Mediated Metastasis towards Developing a Combinatorial Anti-Cancer Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012100. [PMID: 36292952 PMCID: PMC9602556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-deficient protein kinase-1 (WNK1) is critical for both embryonic angiogenesis and tumor-induced angiogenesis. However, the downstream effectors of WNK1 during these processes remain ambiguous. In this study, we identified that oxidative stress responsive 1b (osr1b) is upregulated in endothelial cells in both embryonic and tumor-induced angiogenesis in zebrafish, accompanied by downregulation of protein phosphatase 2A (pp2a) subunit ppp2r1bb. In addition, wnk1a and osr1b are upregulated in two liver cancer transgenic fish models: [tert x p53−/−] and [HBx,src,p53−/−,RPIA], while ppp2r1bb is downregulated in [tert x p53−/−]. Furthermore, using HUVEC endothelial cells co-cultured with HepG2 hepatoma cells, we confirmed that WNK1 plays a critical role in the induction of hepatoma cell migration in both endothelial cells and hepatoma cells. Moreover, overexpression of OSR1 can rescue the reduced cell migration caused by shWNK1 knockdown in HUVEC cells, indicating OSR1 is downstream of WNK1 in endothelial cells promoting hepatoma cell migration. Overexpression of PPP2R1A can rescue the increased cell migration caused by WNK1 overexpression in HepG2, indicating that PPP2R1A is a downstream effector in hepatoma. The combinatorial treatment with WNK1 inhibitor (WNK463) and OSR1 inhibitor (Rafoxanide) plus oligo-fucoidan via oral gavage to feed [HBx,src,p53−/−,RPIA] transgenic fish exhibits much more significant anticancer efficacy than Regorafenib for advanced HCC. Importantly, oligo-fucoidan can reduce the cell senescence marker-IL-1β expression. Furthermore, oligo-fucoidan reduces the increased cell senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity in tert transgenic fish treated with WNK1-OSR1 inhibitors. Our results reveal the WNK1–OSR1–PPP2R1A axis plays a critical role in both endothelial and hepatoma cells during tumor-induced angiogenesis promoting cancer cell migration. By in vitro and in vivo experiments, we further uncover the molecular mechanisms of WNK1 and its downstream effectors during tumor-induced angiogenesis. Targeting WNK1–OSR1-mediated anti-angiogenesis and anti-cancer activity, the undesired inflammation response caused by inhibiting WNK1–OSR1 can be attenuated by the combination therapy with oligo-fucoidan and may improve the efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ying Hou
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yung Ma
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Long Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Horng-Dar Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-D.W.); (C.-H.Y.); Tel.: +886-3-5742470 (H.-D.W.); +886-37-206166 (ext. 35338) (C.-H.Y.)
| | - Chiou-Hwa Yuh
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-D.W.); (C.-H.Y.); Tel.: +886-3-5742470 (H.-D.W.); +886-37-206166 (ext. 35338) (C.-H.Y.)
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Bai S, Taylor S, Jamalruddin MA, McGonigal S, Grimley E, Yang D, Bernstein KA, Buckanovich RJ. Targeting Therapeutic Resistance and Multinucleate Giant Cells in CCNE1-Amplified HR-Proficient Ovarian Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1473-1484. [PMID: 35732503 PMCID: PMC9452459 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC) have CCNE1 amplification. CCNE1-amplified tumors are homologous recombination (HR) proficient and resistant to standard therapies. Therapy resistance is associated with increased numbers of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC). We sought to identify new therapeutic approaches for patients with CCNE1-amplified tumors. Using TCGA data, we find that the mTOR, HR, and DNA checkpoint pathways are enriched in CCNE1-amplified ovarian cancers. Furthermore, Interactome Mapping Analysis linked the mTOR activity with upregulation of HR and DNA checkpoint pathways. Indeed, we find that mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) downregulate HR/checkpoint genes in CCNE1-amplified tumors. As CCNE1-amplified tumors are dependent on the HR pathway for viability, mTORi proved selectively effective in CCNE1-amplified tumors. Similarly, via downregulation of HR genes, mTORi increased CCNE1-amplifed HGSOC response to PARPi. In contrast, overexpression of HR/checkpoint proteins (RAD51 or ATR), induced resistance to mTORi. In vivo, mTORi alone potently reduced CCNE1-amplified tumor growth and the combination of mTORi and PARPi increased response and tumor eradication. Tumors treated with mTORi demonstrated a significant reduction in ALDH+ PGCCs. Finally, as a proof of principle, we identified three patients with CCNE1 amplified tumors who were treated with an mTORi. All three obtained clinical benefits from the therapy. Our studies and clinical experience indicate mTORi are a potential therapeutic approach for patients with CCNE1-amplified tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumei Bai
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and the Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and the Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohd Azrin Jamalruddin
- Dept of Microbiology and Molecular. Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacy McGonigal
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and the Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edward Grimley
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and the Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dongli Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kara A. Bernstein
- Dept of Microbiology and Molecular. Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald J. Buckanovich
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and the Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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11
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Chen J, Zhao Y, Zhang F, Li J, Boland JA, Cheng NC, Liu K, Tiffen JC, Bertolino P, Bowen DG, Krueger A, Lisowski L, Alexander IE, Vadas MA, El-Omar E, Gamble JR, McCaughan GW. Liver-specific deletion of miR-181ab1 reduces liver tumour progression via upregulation of CBX7. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:443. [PMID: 35867177 PMCID: PMC9307539 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
MiR-181 expression levels increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to non-cancerous tissues. MiR-181 has been widely reported as a possible driver of tumourigenesis but also acts as a tumour suppressor. In addition, the miR-181 family regulates the development and function of immune and vascular cells, which play vital roles in the progression of tumours. More complicatedly, many genes have been identified as miR-181 targets to mediate the effects of miR-181. However, the role of miR-181 in the development of primary tumours remains largely unexplored. We aimed to examine the function of miR-181 and its vital mediators in the progression of diethylnitrosamine-induced primary liver cancers in mice. The size of liver tumours was significantly reduced by 90% in global (GKO) or liver-specific (LKO) 181ab1 knockout mice but not in hematopoietic and endothelial lineage-specific knockout mice, compared to WT mice. In addition, the number of tumours was significantly reduced by 50% in GKO mice. Whole-genome RNA-seq analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition was partially reversed in GKO tumours compared to WT tumours. The expression of CBX7, a confirmed miR-181 target, was up-regulated in GKO compared to WT tumours. Stable CBX7 expression was achieved with an AAV/Transposase Hybrid-Vector System and up-regulated CBX7 expression inhibited liver tumour progression in WT mice. Hepatic CBX7 deletion restored the progression of LKO liver tumours. MiR-181a expression was the lowest and CBX7 expression the highest in iClust2 and 3 subclasses of human HCC compared to iClust1. Gene expression profiles of GKO tumours overlapped with low-proliferative peri-portal-type HCCs. Liver-specific loss of miR-181ab1 inhibited primary liver tumour progression via up-regulating CBX7 expression, but tumour induction requires both hepatic and non-hepatic miR-181. Also, miR-181ab1-deficient liver tumours may resemble low-proliferative periportal-type human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Chen
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Yang Zhao
- Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - Jia Li
- Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Centre for Motor Neuron Disease, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jade A Boland
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Ngan Ching Cheng
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Ken Liu
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Jessamy C Tiffen
- Melanoma Epigenetics Lab Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Patrick Bertolino
- Liver Immunology Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - David G Bowen
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Liver Immunology Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Schubertstr 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Leszek Lisowski
- Translational Vectorology Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ian E Alexander
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Mathew A Vadas
- Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Emad El-Omar
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Gamble
- Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W McCaughan
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia. .,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
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12
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An mRNA expression-based signature for oncogene-induced replication-stress. Oncogene 2022; 41:1216-1224. [PMID: 35091678 PMCID: PMC7612401 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oncogene-induced replication stress characterizes many aggressive cancers. Several treatments are being developed that target replication stress, however, identification of tumors with high levels of replication stress remains challenging. We describe a gene expression signature of oncogene-induced replication stress. A panel of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-transformed cell lines were engineered to overexpress CDC25A, CCNE1 or MYC, which resulted in slower replication kinetics. RNA sequencing analysis revealed a set of 52 commonly upregulated genes. In parallel, mRNA expression analysis of patient-derived tumor samples (TCGA, n = 10,592) also revealed differential gene expression in tumors with amplification of oncogenes that trigger replication stress (CDC25A, CCNE1, MYC, CCND1, MYB, MOS, KRAS, ERBB2, and E2F1). Upon integration, we identified a six-gene signature of oncogene-induced replication stress (NAT10, DDX27, ZNF48, C8ORF33, MOCS3, and MPP6). Immunohistochemical analysis of NAT10 in breast cancer samples (n = 330) showed strong correlation with expression of phospho-RPA (R = 0.451, p = 1.82 × 10-20) and γH2AX (R = 0.304, p = 2.95 × 10-9). Finally, we applied our oncogene-induced replication stress signature to patient samples from TCGA (n = 8,862) and GEO (n = 13,912) to define the levels of replication stress across 27 tumor subtypes, identifying diffuse large B cell lymphoma, ovarian cancer, TNBC and colorectal carcinoma as cancer subtypes with high levels of oncogene-induced replication stress.
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13
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Tian F, Cai D. Overexpressed GNAZ predicts poor outcome and promotes G0/G1 cell cycle progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Gene 2022; 807:145964. [PMID: 34530087 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to investigate the role of G protein subunit alpha Z(GNAZ) in the progression and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Oncomine, GEO, TCGA, GEPIA2, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, TIMER2, Metascape, CCLE, LinkedOmics, and UALCAN databases were used to analyze the differential expression of GNAZ in HCC and normal liver tissues, relationship between GNAZ expression and prognosis of patients with HCC, and expression of GNAZ in common human HCC cell lines. Western blotting was performed to analyze GNAZ expression, while the Cell Counting Kit 8 assay was used to determine cell proliferation, and flow cytometry was used to evaluate the cell cycle and apoptosis. Wound healing and transwell invasion assays were used to investigate cell metastasis and invasion. RESULTS Using Oncomine, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and GEPIA2 databases, GNAZ was found to be overexpressed in HCC tissues compared with that in adjacent normal liver tissues, and western blotting analysis showed GNAZ overexpression in seven patients with HCC who underwent surgical resection of HCC and para-cancerous tissues (p < 0.01). Survival analysis revealed that high GNAZ expression was negatively associated with overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival, progression-free survival, and disease-specific survival in patients with HCC (p < 0.05). GNAZ overexpression was associated with worse 4- month, 6- month, 12- month, 24- month, 36- month, 48- month, and 60-month OS, as well as with different clinicopathological characteristics of patients with HCC, including hepatitis virus infection state; alcohol consumption state; male; female; Asian; microvascular invasion, Stage I-II, Stage II-III, and Stage III-IV; and grade II (Cox regression, p < 0.05). KEGG/GO biological process enrichment indicated that the genes similar to GNAZ in HCC were mainly enriched in the cell cycle, cell cycle phase transition, DNA replication checkpoint, and regulation of G0 to G1 transition. siRNA-GNAZ significantly reduced the viability of JHH-2 and SNU-761 cells from 12 to 96 h; increased the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase and decreased that of cells in the S and G2/M phases (p < 0.05); and markedly downregulated the expression of cyclin D, cyclin E, and CDK2 protein. siRNA-GNAZ also significantly increased the percentage of JHH-2 and SNU-761 cell apoptosis at late stages, while the number of surviving cells decreased (p < 0.05), and upregulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and caspase 3 protein. Furthermore, siRNA-GNAZ remarkably reduced the healing of scratch wounds in JHH-2 and SNU-761 cells and the number of invasive cells compared with that in the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that GNAZ plays a pivotal role as a potential oncogene and predicts poor prognosis in patients with HCC. It promotes tumor proliferation via cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Thus, GNAZ may be a potential candidate biomarker providing useful insight into hepatocarcinogenesis and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital, the Six Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daxia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Research, Lishui Central Hospital, Zhejiang University Lishui Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Lishui, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Campos Gudiño R, Farrell AC, Neudorf NM, McManus KJ. A Comprehensive Assessment of Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations Identifies Frequent Variations Impacting Six Prototypic SCF Complex Members. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010084. [PMID: 35008511 PMCID: PMC8744973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The SKP1, CUL1, F-box protein (SCF) complex represents a family of 69 E3 ubiquitin ligases that poly-ubiquitinate protein substrates marking them for proteolytic degradation via the 26S proteasome. Established SCF complex targets include transcription factors, oncoproteins and tumor suppressors that modulate cell cycle activity and mitotic fidelity. Accordingly, genetic and epigenetic alterations involving SCF complex member genes are expected to adversely impact target regulation and contribute to disease etiology. To gain novel insight into cancer pathogenesis, we determined the prevalence of genetic and epigenetic alterations in six prototypic SCF complex member genes (SKP1, CUL1, RBX1, SKP2, FBXW7 and FBXO5) from patient datasets extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Collectively, ~45% of observed SCF complex member mutations are predicted to impact complex structure and/or function in 10 solid tumor types. In addition, the distribution of encoded alterations suggest SCF complex members may exhibit either tumor suppressor or oncogenic mutational profiles in a cancer type dependent manner. Further bioinformatic analyses reveal the potential functional implications of encoded alterations arising from missense mutations by examining predicted deleterious mutations with available crystal structures. The SCF complex also exhibits frequent copy number alterations in a variety of cancer types that generally correspond with mRNA expression levels. Finally, we note that SCF complex member genes are differentially methylated across cancer types, which may effectively phenocopy gene copy number alterations. Collectively, these data show that SCF complex member genes are frequently altered at the genetic and epigenetic levels in many cancer types, which will adversely impact the normal targeting and timely destruction of protein substrates, which may contribute to the development and progression of an extensive array of cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubi Campos Gudiño
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (R.C.G.); (A.C.F.); (N.M.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Ally C. Farrell
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (R.C.G.); (A.C.F.); (N.M.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Nicole M. Neudorf
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; (R.C.G.); (A.C.F.); (N.M.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Kirk J. McManus
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-787-2833
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15
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Hill W, Caswell DR, Swanton C. Capturing cancer evolution using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:1007-1018. [PMID: 34400045 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Initiating from a single cell, cancer undergoes clonal evolution, leading to a high degree of intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). The arising genetic heterogeneity between cancer cells is influenced by exogenous and endogenous forces that shape the composition of clones within tumors. Preclinical mouse models have provided a valuable tool for understanding cancer, helping to build a fundamental understanding of tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Until recently, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMS) of cancer had lacked the genetic diversity found in human tumors, in which evolution may be driven by long-term carcinogen exposure and DNA damage. However, advances in sequencing technology and in our understanding of the drivers of genetic instability have given us the knowledge to generate new mouse models, offering an approach to functionally explore mechanisms of tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hill
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Deborah R Caswell
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK; University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK.
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16
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Ma G, Yang L, Dong J, Zhang L. CCNE1 promotes progression and is associated with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1168-1178. [PMID: 34792009 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666211118112935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence has shown that Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) facilitates various carcinoma progression, but its function in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Our study aims to explore the significance of CCNE1 in clinical progression and study its biological functions in LUAD. METHODS CCNE1 expressions in LUAD specimens and cells were detected through quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-RCR) and western blot. An immunohistochemistry technique was used to detect CCNE1 expression to explore its association with clinical parameters. The LUAD cells with stable knockdown of CCNE1 were constructed by small interfering RNA. The effect of CCNE1 on LUAD cells proliferation and apoptosis was evaluated through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, and Annexin V/propidium iodide (AV-PI) assays, respectively. The cell migration and invasion were evaluated by Wound-healing and Transwell assays, respectively. The xenograft and lung metastasis mouse models were introduced to analyze how CCNE1 knockdown affects tumor growth and tumor metastasis. RESULTS CCNE1 expression was upregulated in LUAD tissue and cells. CCNE1 knockdown inhibited LUAD cellular malignant behavior in vitro and reduced tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. High expression of CCNE1 was correlated with big tumor size, cancer stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS CCNE1 overexpression promotes LUAD growth, metastasis, and forebode poor prognosis: it can serve as a new prognostic marker of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinan City People's Hospital, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 271199. China
| | - Lulu Yang
- Hemodialysis Room, East Hospital, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266000. China
| | - Jing Dong
- Thoracic Surgery, Qingdao Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000. China
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17
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Palmer MCL, Neudorf NM, Farrell AC, Razi T, Lichtensztejn Z, McManus KJ. The F-box protein, FBXO7 is required to maintain chromosome stability in humans. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1471-1486. [PMID: 34791250 PMCID: PMC9071473 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), the aberrant genes and mechanisms driving CRC pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Chromosome instability (CIN), or ongoing changes in chromosome numbers, is a predominant form of genome instability associated with ~85% of CRCs, suggesting it may be a key mechanism driving CRC oncogenesis. CIN enables the acquisition of copy number alterations conferring selective growth, proliferation and survival advantages that promote cellular transformation. Despite these associations, the aberrant genes underlying CIN remain largely unknown. Candidate CIN gene FBXO7 encodes an F-box protein, a subunit of the SKP1-CUL1-FBOX (SCF) complex that confers substrate specificity to the complex and targets proteins for subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome. Recently, the genes encoding the three core SCF complex members were identified as CIN genes; however, it is unknown whether F-box proteins exhibit similar integral roles in maintaining chromosome stability. Using short- small interfering RNA (siRNA) and long- (CRISPR/Cas9) term approaches, we show that reduced FBXO7 expression induces CIN in various colonic epithelial cell contexts, whereas FBXO7 knockout clones also exhibit hallmarks associated with cellular transformation, namely increased clonogenic and anchorage-independent growth. Collectively, these data demonstrate that FBXO7 is required to maintain genome stability identifying FBXO7 a novel CIN gene whose reduced expression may contribute to CRC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela C L Palmer
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nicole M Neudorf
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ally C Farrell
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tooba Razi
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Zelda Lichtensztejn
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kirk J McManus
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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18
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Cyclin E1 in Murine and Human Liver Cancer: A Promising Target for Therapeutic Intervention during Tumour Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225680. [PMID: 34830835 PMCID: PMC8616292 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The cell cycle regulator Cyclin E1 is a key mediator and biomarker of liver cancer progression in mice and man independent of its canonical interacting partner Cyclin-dependent kinase 2. Over-expression of Cyclin E1 during hepatocarcinogenesis modulates several distinct biological processes such as proliferation, DNA damage response, stemness, invasion and the tumour microenvironment. Interventional depletion of Cyclin E1 in the course of liver cancer progression significantly reduces tumour burden. In contrast, the expression of Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 is dispensable for the progression of liver cancer in mice and lacked diagnostic or prognostic value in patients. Thus, specific inhibition of Cyclin E1 expression represents a promising strategy for the treatment of liver cancer. Abstract Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) is a regulatory subunit of Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and is thought to control the transition of quiescent cells into cell cycle progression. Recently, we identified CCNE1 and CDK2 as key factors for the initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we dissected the contributions of CCNE1 and CDK2 for HCC progression in mice and patients. Therefore, we generated genetically modified mice allowing inducible deletion of Ccne1 or Cdk2. After initiation of HCC, using the hepatocarcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN), we deleted Ccne1 or Cdk2 and subsequently analysed HCC progression. The relevance of CCNE1 or CDK2 for human HCC progression was investigated by in silico database analysis. Interventional deletion of Ccne1, but not of Cdk2, substantially reduced the HCC burden in mice. Ccne1-deficient HCCs were characterised by attenuated proliferation, impaired DNA damage response and downregulation of markers for stemness and microinvasion. Additionally, the tumour microenvironment of Ccne1-deficient mice showed a reduction in immune mediators, myeloid cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. In sharp contrast, Cdk2 was dispensable for HCC progression in mice. In agreement with our mouse data, CCNE1 was overexpressed in HCC patients independent of risk factors, and associated with reduced disease-free survival, a common signature for enhanced chromosomal instability, proliferation, dedifferentiation and invasion. However, CDK2 lacked diagnostic or prognostic value in HCC patients. In summary, CCNE1 drives HCC progression in a CDK2-independent manner in mice and man. Therefore, interventional inactivation of CCNE1 represents a promising strategy the treatment of liver cancer.
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19
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Li Z, Jia Y, Zhu H, Xing X, Pang F, Shan F, Li S, Wang D, Zhao F, Ma T, Wang S, Ji J. Tumor mutation burden is correlated with response and prognosis in microsatellite-stable (MSS) gastric cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:1342-1354. [PMID: 34406546 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) before radical gastrectomy is preferred for locally advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, clinical practices demonstrate that a considerable proportion of GC patients do not benefit from NACT, largely due to the lack of biomarkers for patient selection and prognosis prediction. A recent study revealed that patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) may be resistant to NACT, however, most tumors in Chinese GC patients (~ 95%) are characterized by microsatellite stability (MSS). Here, we aimed to discover new molecular biomarkers for this larger population. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing on 46 clinical samples (pre- and post-treatment) from 30 stage II/III MSS GC patients whose response to NACT was rigorously defined. Serum tumor markers (TMs), including AFP, CEA, CA199, CA724 and CA242 were measured during the course. RESULTS High tumor mutation burden (TMB-H) and 19q12 amplification (19q12 +) were positively associated with the NACT response. When TMB and 19q12 amplification were jointly analyzed, those with TMB-H or 19q12 + showed favorable response to NACT (p = 0.035). Further, TMB-H was negatively correlated with ypN stage, lymph node metastasis, and macrophage infiltration. Patients with TMB-H showed better disease-free survival (DFS) than those with TMB-L (P = 0.025, HR = 0.1331), and this was further validated using two larger GC datasets: TCGA-STAD (p = 0.004) and ICGC-CN (p = 0.045). CONCLUSION The combination of TMB-H and 19q12 + can serve as an early indicator of response to NACT. Superior to traditional clinical indicators, TMB-H is a robust and easily accessible candidate biomarker associated with better DFS, and can be evaluated at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yongning Jia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Technology, Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaofang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Center for Molecular Diagnostics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Fei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Fei Shan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Shuangxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Danhua Wang
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Technology, Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Fangping Zhao
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Technology, Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Technology, Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Sizhen Wang
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Technology, Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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20
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Sladky VC, Eichin F, Reiberger T, Villunger A. Polyploidy control in hepatic health and disease. J Hepatol 2021; 75:1177-1191. [PMID: 34228992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A balanced increase in DNA content (ploidy) is observed in some human cell types, including bone-resorbing osteoclasts, platelet-producing megakaryocytes, cardiomyocytes or hepatocytes. The impact of increased hepatocyte ploidy on normal physiology and diverse liver pathologies is still poorly understood. Recent findings suggest swift genetic adaptation to hepatotoxic stress and the protection from malignant transformation as beneficial effects. Herein, we discuss the molecular mechanisms regulating hepatocyte polyploidisation and its implication for different liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma. We report on centrosomes' role in limiting polyploidy by activating the p53 signalling network (via the PIDDosome multiprotein complex) and we discuss the role of this pathway in liver disease. Increased hepatocyte ploidy is a hallmark of hepatic inflammation and may play a protective role against liver cancer. Our evolving understanding of hepatocyte ploidy is discussed from the perspective of its potential clinical application for risk stratification, prognosis, and novel therapeutic strategies in liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina C Sladky
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Felix Eichin
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Reiberger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), 1090 Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), 1090 Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Sturmlechner I, Zhang C, Sine CC, van Deursen EJ, Jeganathan KB, Hamada N, Grasic J, Friedman D, Stutchman JT, Can I, Hamada M, Lim DY, Lee JH, Ordog T, Laberge RM, Shapiro V, Baker DJ, Li H, van Deursen JM. p21 produces a bioactive secretome that places stressed cells under immunosurveillance. Science 2021; 374:eabb3420. [PMID: 34709885 PMCID: PMC8985214 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb3420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells identify and destroy damaged cells to prevent them from causing cancer or other pathologies by mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the cell-cycle inhibitor p21 places cells under immunosurveillance to establish a biological timer mechanism that controls cell fate. p21 activates retinoblastoma protein (Rb)–dependent transcription at select gene promoters to generate a complex bioactive secretome, termed p21-activated secretory phenotype (PASP). The PASP includes the chemokine CXCL14, which promptly attracts macrophages. These macrophages disengage if cells normalize p21 within 4 days, but if p21 induction persists, they polarize toward an M1 phenotype and lymphocytes mount a cytotoxic T cell response to eliminate target cells, including preneoplastic cells. Thus, p21 concurrently induces proliferative arrest and immunosurveillance of cells under duress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Sturmlechner
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Chance C. Sine
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
| | - Erik-Jan van Deursen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
| | - Karthik B. Jeganathan
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
| | - Naomi Hamada
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
| | - Jan Grasic
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
| | - David Friedman
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
| | - Jeremy T. Stutchman
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
| | - Ismail Can
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
| | - Masakazu Hamada
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
| | - Do Young Lim
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
| | - Jeong-Heon Lee
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
| | - Tamas Ordog
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
| | - Remi-Martin Laberge
- Unity Biotechnology, 285 E Grand Ave., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Virginia Shapiro
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
| | - Darren J. Baker
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jan M. van Deursen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
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22
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Chen L, Miao X, Si C, Qin A, Zhang Y, Chu C, Li Z, Wang T, Liu X. Long Non-coding RNA SENP3-EIF4A1 Functions as a Sponge of miR-195-5p to Drive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progress by Overexpressing CCNE1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647527. [PMID: 33791304 PMCID: PMC8006396 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has high malignancy and limited treatment, so novel molecular therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) promotes progression in breast cancer, but its role and inherent mechanisms in TNBC are yet to be elucidated. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) may be a potential mechanism. CCNE1 was selected though bioinformatics and clinical samples, and cell lines were utilized to verify CCNE1 expression by qRT-PCR and western blot. Predicting tools provided potential miR-195-5p and SENP3-EIF4A1 and tested from multilevel. Functional experiments were conducted in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation experiments were implemented to ensure the interaction between miR-195-5p and SENP3-EIF4A1/CCNE1 in TNBC. Bioinformatics found DNA hypermethylation of miR-195-5p and preliminarily verified. Mechanistically, SENP3-EIF4A1-miR-195-5p-associated ceRNA could drive TNBC progress though regulating CCNE1. DNA hypermethylation of miR-195-5p might be another reason. In summary, SENP3-EIF4A1-miR-195-5p-CCNE1 axis promotes TNBC progress and may contribute to the novel diagnosis and treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaofei Miao
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chenchen Si
- Dermatological Department, Wuxi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - An Qin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunqiang Chu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zengyao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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23
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Velásquez ZD, López-Osorio S, Waiger D, Manosalva C, Pervizaj-Oruqaj L, Herold S, Hermosilla C, Taubert A. Eimeria bovis infections induce G 1 cell cycle arrest and a senescence-like phenotype in endothelial host cells. Parasitology 2021; 148:341-353. [PMID: 33100232 PMCID: PMC7890351 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020002097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites are well-known to modulate their host cells at diverse functional levels. As such, apicomplexan-induced alteration of host cellular cell cycle was described and appeared dependent on both, parasite species and host cell type. As a striking evidence of species-specific reactions, we here show that Eimeria bovis drives primary bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells (BUVECs) into a senescence-like phenotype during merogony I. In line with senescence characteristics, E. bovis induces a phenotypic change in host cell nuclei being characterized by nucleolar fusion and heterochromatin-enriched peripheries. By fibrillarin staining we confirm nucleoli sizes to be increased and their number per nucleus to be reduced in E. bovis-infected BUVECs. Additionally, nuclei of E. bovis-infected BUVECs showed enhanced signals for HH3K9me2 as heterochromatin marker thereby indicating an infection-induced change in heterochromatin transition. Furthermore, E. bovis-infected BUVECs show an enhanced β-galactosidase activity, which is a well-known marker of senescence. Referring to cell cycle progression, protein abundance profiles in E. bovis-infected endothelial cells revealed an up-regulation of cyclin E1 thereby indicating a cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition, signifying a senescence key feature. Similarly, abundance of G2 phase-specific cyclin B1 was found to be downregulated at the late phase of macromeront formation. Overall, these data indicate that the slow proliferative intracellular parasite E. bovis drives its host endothelial cells in a senescence-like status. So far, it remains to be elucidated whether this phenomenon indeed reflects an intentionally induced mechanism to profit from host cell-derived energy and metabolites present in a non-dividing cellular status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahady D Velásquez
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sara López-Osorio
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Research Group CIVAB, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Daniel Waiger
- Center for Scientific Imaging, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Carolina Manosalva
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Learta Pervizaj-Oruqaj
- Cardio Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
- Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Cardio Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
- Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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24
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Nozaki Y, Hikita H, Tanaka S, Fukumoto K, Urabe M, Sato K, Myojin Y, Doi A, Murai K, Sakane S, Saito Y, Kodama T, Sakamori R, Tatsumi T, Takehara T. Persistent hepatocyte apoptosis promotes tumorigenesis from diethylnitrosamine-transformed hepatocytes through increased oxidative stress, independent of compensatory liver regeneration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3363. [PMID: 33564095 PMCID: PMC7873060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma highly occurs in chronic hepatitis livers, where hepatocyte apoptosis is frequently detected. Apoptosis is a mechanism that eliminates mutated cells. Hepatocyte apoptosis induces compensatory liver regeneration, which is believed to contribute to tumor formation. Hepatocyte-specific Mcl-1 knockout mice (Mcl-1Δhep mice) developed persistent hepatocyte apoptosis and compensatory liver regeneration with increased oxidative stress in adulthood but had not yet developed hepatocyte apoptosis at the age of 2 weeks. When diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was administered to 2-week-old Mcl-1Δhep mice, multiple liver tumors were formed at 4 months, while wild-type mice did not develop any tumors. These tumors contained the B-Raf V637E mutation, indicating that DEN-initiated tumorigenesis was promoted by persistent hepatocyte apoptosis. When N-acetyl-L-cysteine was given from 6 weeks of age, DEN-administered Mcl-1Δhep mice had reduced oxidative stress and suppressed tumorigenesis in the liver but showed no changes in hepatocyte apoptosis or proliferation. In conclusion, enhanced tumor formation from DEN-transformed hepatocytes by persistent hepatocyte apoptosis is mediated by increased oxidative stress, independent of compensatory liver regeneration. For patients with livers harboring transformed cells, the control of oxidative stress may suppress hepatocarcinogenesis based on chronic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutoshi Nozaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Hikita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makiko Urabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Myojin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Doi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Murai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sadatsugu Sakane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Sakamori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tatsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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25
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Li M, Du M, Cong H, Gu Y, Fang Y, Li J, Gan Y, Tu H, Gu J, Xia Q. Characterization of hepatitis B virus DNA integration patterns in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatol Res 2021; 51:102-115. [PMID: 33037855 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hepatitis B virus (HBV) integration is one of the mechanisms contributing to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, the status of HBV integration in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is poorly understood. This study aims to characterize the viral integration in HBV-related ICC. METHODS The presence of HBV S and C gene in ICCs and the paratumor tissue was determined by polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing. Hepatitis B virus integration was detected by a high-throughput capture sequencing method. The expression analysis of the genes targeted by HBV in ICC was undertaken in The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. RESULTS Hepatitis B virus S and/or C gene fragments were detected in 71.43% (10/14) ICCs and 57.14% (8/14) paratumor tissues. Using the high-throughput capture sequencing approach, 139 and 183 HBV integration breakpoints were identified from seven ICC and seven paired paratumor tissues, respectively. Seven genes (TERT, CEACAM20, SPATA18, TRERF1, ZNF23, LINC01449, and LINC00486) were recurrently targeted by HBV-DNA in different ICC tissues or different cell populations of the same tissue. TERT, which is the most preferential HBV target gene in HCC, was found to be repeatedly interrupted by HBV-DNA in three different ICC tissues. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, TERT, as well as three other HBV recurrently targeted genes (SPATA18, TRERF1, and ZNF23), showed differential expression levels between ICC and para-ICC tissues. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, HBV integration is a common event in HBV-related ICC. The HBV recurrent integration genes identified from this study, such as TERT, provide new clues for further research on the causative link between HBV infection and ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Emergency, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyang Gu
- Department of Transplantation, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Bungsy M, Palmer MCL, Jeusset LM, Neudorf NM, Lichtensztejn Z, Nachtigal MW, McManus KJ. Reduced RBX1 expression induces chromosome instability and promotes cellular transformation in high-grade serous ovarian cancer precursor cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 500:194-207. [PMID: 33290867 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) being the most common and lethal gynecological cancer in women, the early etiological events driving disease development remain largely unknown. Emerging evidence now suggests that chromosome instability (CIN; ongoing changes in chromosome numbers) may play a central role in the development and progression of HGSOC. Importantly, genomic amplification of the Cyclin E1 gene (CCNE1) contributes to HGSOC pathogenesis in ~20% of patients, while Cyclin E1 overexpression induces CIN in model systems. Cyclin E1 levels are normally regulated by the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-FBOX) complex, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that includes RBX1 as a core component. Interestingly, RBX1 is heterozygously lost in ~80% of HGSOC cases and reduced expression corresponds with worse outcomes, suggesting it may be a pathogenic event. Using both short (siRNA) and long (CRISPR/Cas9) term approaches, we show that reduced RBX1 expression corresponds with significant increases in CIN phenotypes in fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells, a cellular precursor of HGSOC. Moreover, reduced RBX1 expression corresponds with increased Cyclin E1 levels and anchorage-independent growth. Collectively, these data identify RBX1 as a novel CIN gene with pathogenic implications for HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Bungsy
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Michaela C L Palmer
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Lucile M Jeusset
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Nicole M Neudorf
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Zelda Lichtensztejn
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Mark W Nachtigal
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kirk J McManus
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada.
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27
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Lin Y, Luo Y, Sun Y, Guo W, Zhao X, Xi Y, Ma Y, Shao M, Tan W, Gao G, Wu C, Lin D. Genomic and transcriptomic alterations associated with drug vulnerabilities and prognosis in adenocarcinoma at the gastroesophageal junction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6091. [PMID: 33257699 PMCID: PMC7705019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma at the gastroesophageal junction (ACGEJ) has dismal clinical outcomes, and there are currently few specific effective therapies because of limited knowledge on its genomic and transcriptomic alterations. The present study investigates genomic and transcriptomic changes in ACGEJ from Chinese patients and analyzes their drug vulnerabilities and associations with the survival time. Here we show that the major genomic changes of Chinese ACGEJ patients are chromosome instability promoted tumorigenic focal copy-number variations and COSMIC Signature 17-featured single nucleotide variations. We provide a comprehensive profile of genetic changes that are potentially vulnerable to existing therapeutic agents and identify Signature 17-correlated IFN-α response pathway as a prognostic marker that might have practical value for clinical prognosis of ACGEJ. These findings further our understanding on the molecular biology of ACGEJ and may help develop more effective therapeutic strategies. Adenocarcinoma at the gastroesophageal junction has a dismal prognosis and few drug options. Here, the authors present genomic and transcriptomic features and potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers of Chinese and Caucasian tumours, and reveal the molecular similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Sun
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Guo
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Cancer Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyi Xi
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Ma
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Shao
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Tan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Center for Bioinformatics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,CAMS Key Laboratory of Genetics and Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Sladky VC, Knapp K, Szabo TG, Braun VZ, Bongiovanni L, van den Bos H, Spierings DC, Westendorp B, Curinha A, Stojakovic T, Scharnagl H, Timelthaler G, Tsuchia K, Pinter M, Semmler G, Foijer F, de Bruin A, Reiberger T, Rohr-Udilova N, Villunger A. PIDDosome-induced p53-dependent ploidy restriction facilitates hepatocarcinogenesis. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50893. [PMID: 33225610 PMCID: PMC7726793 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidization frequently precedes tumorigenesis but also occurs during normal development in several tissues. Hepatocyte ploidy is controlled by the PIDDosome during development and regeneration. This multi‐protein complex is activated by supernumerary centrosomes to induce p53 and restrict proliferation of polyploid cells, otherwise prone for chromosomal instability. PIDDosome deficiency in the liver results in drastically increased polyploidy. To investigate PIDDosome‐induced p53‐activation in the pathogenesis of liver cancer, we chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in mice. Strikingly, PIDDosome deficiency reduced tumor number and burden, despite the inability to activate p53 in polyploid cells. Liver tumors arise primarily from cells with low ploidy, indicating an intrinsic pro‐tumorigenic effect of PIDDosome‐mediated ploidy restriction. These data suggest that hyperpolyploidization caused by PIDDosome deficiency protects from HCC. Moreover, high tumor cell density, as a surrogate marker of low ploidy, predicts poor survival of HCC patients receiving liver transplantation. Together, we show that the PIDDosome is a potential therapeutic target to manipulate hepatocyte polyploidization for HCC prevention and that tumor cell density may serve as a novel prognostic marker for recurrence‐free survival in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina C Sladky
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katja Knapp
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tamas G Szabo
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vincent Z Braun
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura Bongiovanni
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hilda van den Bos
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Cj Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Westendorp
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Curinha
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Timelthaler
- Institute for Cancer Research, Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaoru Tsuchia
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthias Pinter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Semmler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Reiberger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nataliya Rohr-Udilova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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29
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Wei R, Dean DC, Thanindratarn P, Hornicek FJ, Guo W, Duan Z. Prognostic Significance of Cyclin E1 Expression in Patients With Chordoma: A Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical Study. Front Oncol 2020; 10:596330. [PMID: 33282745 PMCID: PMC7705258 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.596330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chordomas are rare, slow-growing sarcomas without any accepted prognostic biomarkers. Owing to their proximity to critical neurovascular structures, discovering predictive biomarkers in chordoma has been a significant research effort because it may potentially reduce risky therapies in patients with less aggressive tumors. In response, because cyclin E1 overexpression correlates with patient prognosis in several malignancies, we investigated its expression in chordoma and whether it informs patient prognosis. METHODS Seventy-five chordoma patient specimens were enrolled in a tissue microarray (TMA) to evaluate cyclin E1 expression via immunohistochemical staining. Western blot was used to assess cyclin E1 expression in chordoma cell lines and fresh tissues. We then correlated cyclin E1 staining intensity in the TMA to clinicopathological features and chordoma patient outcomes. RESULTS Sixty-three percent of the chordoma patient specimens in the TMA, fifty-six percent of the fresh chordoma tissues, and all chordoma cell lines showed high cyclin E1 expression. In TMA analysis, cyclin E1 expression positively correlated to chordoma patient disease status. By survival analysis, high cyclin E1 expression was an independent prognostic risk factor for chordoma patients along with advanced disease status and positive surgical margin. CONCLUSION Cyclin E1 is a promising biomarker predicting chordoma patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dylan C. Dean
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pichaya Thanindratarn
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chulabhorn Hospital, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Francis J. Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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30
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Huang FK, Zheng CY, Huang LK, Lin CQ, Zhou JF, Wang JX. Long non-coding RNA MCF2L-AS1 promotes the aggressiveness of colorectal cancer by sponging miR-874-3p and thereby up-regulating CCNE1. J Gene Med 2020; 23:e3285. [PMID: 33037865 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have drawn growing attention because of the role which they play in various diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the potential functions of lncRNA MCF2L antisense RNA 1 (MCF2L-AS1) in tumors remained largely unclear. The present study aimed to explore the clinical significance and the biological effects of lncRNA MCF2L antisense RNA 1 (MCF2L-AS1) in CRC. METHODS Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the expression of MCF2L-AS1 in CRC. The clinical significance of MCF2L-AS1 in CRC patients was analyzed statistically. In vitro experiments were performed to determine the effects of MCF2L-AS1 on the cellular progression of CRC cells. Bioinformatic assays, luciferase reporter assays and RNA-pulldown assays were performed to predict for potential microRNAs that can interact with MCF2L-AS1 and mRNAs that can interact with miR-874-3p. RESULTS We identified a novel CRC-related lncRNA, MCF2L-AS1, which is distinctly highly expressed in CRC. Its diagnostic value for CRC patients was also demonstrated. Clinical assays revealed that high MCF2L-AS1 expression is associated with advanced stages, positive metastasis and the poor prognosis of CRC patients. Multivariate assays confirmed that MCF2L-AS1 expression is an independent poor prognostic factor for both 5-year overall survival and 5-year disease-free survival of CRC patients. Functionally, we confirmed that knockdown of MCF2L-AS1 distinctly suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells and also promotes apoptosis. Mechanistic investigation showed that MCF2L-AS1 functions as an endogenous sponge for miR-874-3p to increase the expression of CCNE1. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identified a novel CRC-related lncRNA, MCF2L-AS1, which may be used as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CRC patients. In addition, the newly identified MCF2L-AS1/miR-874-3p/CCNE1 axis can modulate the initiation and progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Kun Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Long-Kai Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chang-Qing Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jun-Feng Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jia-Xing Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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31
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Limzerwala JF, Jeganathan KB, Kloeber JA, Davies BA, Zhang C, Sturmlechner I, Zhong J, Fierro Velasco R, Fields AP, Yuan Y, Baker DJ, Zhou D, Li H, Katzmann DJ, van Deursen JM. FoxM1 insufficiency hyperactivates Ect2-RhoA-mDia1 signaling to drive cancer. NATURE CANCER 2020; 1:1010-1024. [PMID: 34841254 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
FoxM1 activates genes that regulate S-G2-M cell-cycle progression and, when overexpressed, is associated with poor clinical outcome in multiple cancers. Here we identify FoxM1 as a tumor suppressor in mice that, through its N-terminal domain, binds to and inhibits Ect2 to limit the activity of RhoA GTPase and its effector mDia1, a catalyst of cortical actin nucleation. FoxM1 insufficiency impedes centrosome movement through excessive cortical actin polymerization, thereby causing the formation of non-perpendicular mitotic spindles that missegregate chromosomes and drive tumorigenesis in mice. Importantly, low FOXM1 expression correlates with RhoA GTPase hyperactivity in multiple human cancer types, indicating that suppression of the newly discovered Ect2-RhoAmDia1 oncogenic axis by FoxM1 is clinically relevant. Furthermore, by dissecting the domain requirements through which FoxM1 inhibits Ect2 GEF activity, we provide mechanistic insight for the development of pharmacological approaches that target protumorigenic RhoA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazeel F Limzerwala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Karthik B Jeganathan
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brian A Davies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ines Sturmlechner
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jian Zhong
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Raul Fierro Velasco
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alan P Fields
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Darren J Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David J Katzmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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32
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Li N, Jiang S, Shi J, Fu R, Wu H, Lu M. Construction of a potential microRNA, transcription factor and mRNA regulatory network in hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:5528-5543. [PMID: 35117917 PMCID: PMC8799260 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. MicroRNAs and transcription factors (TFs) cooperate to regulate the same target gene, thus affecting the progression of HCC. Methods Differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were screened. Functional enrichment analysis of these HCC-related mRNAs was performed, and a protein-protein interaction network was constructed. TFs that regulate these miRNAs and hub genes were also screened. Results Ten differentially upregulated miRNAs and 5 differentially downregulated miRNAs were screened. Additionally, 183 downregulated mRNAs and 303 upregulated mRNAs that are potentially bound to these differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) results showed that the differentially expressed mRNAs were significantly enriched in pathways in cancer, the Wnt signaling pathway, and the Rap1 signaling pathway. Then, 220 TFs were identified for 5 candidate genes of the downregulated mRNAs, and 258 TFs were identified for 9 candidate genes of the upregulated mRNAs. Finally, the 9 upregulated hub genes were related to higher overall survival (OS) in the low-expression group, and 4/5 downregulated hub genes were related to higher OS in the high-expression group. Conclusions This study constructed a potential regulatory network between candidate molecules and that need to be further verified. These regulatory relationships are expected to clarify the new molecular mechanisms of the occurrence and development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of HBP SURGERY II, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaotao Jiang
- Department of HBP SURGERY II, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiewei Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongdang Fu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, China
| | - Huijie Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, China
| | - Minqiang Lu
- Department of HBP SURGERY II, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Zhao K, Liu A, Xia Y. Insights into Hepatitis B Virus DNA Integration-55 Years after Virus Discovery. Innovation (N Y) 2020; 1:100034. [PMID: 34557710 PMCID: PMC8454683 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which was discovered in 1965, is a threat to global public health. HBV infects human hepatocytes and leads to acute and chronic liver diseases, and there is no cure. In cells infected by HBV, viral DNA can be integrated into the cellular genome. HBV DNA integration is a complicated process during the HBV life cycle. Although HBV integration normally results in replication-incompetent transcripts, it can still act as a template for viral protein expression. Of note, it is a primary driver of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, with the development of detection methods and research models, the molecular biology and the pathogenicity of HBV DNA integration have been better revealed. Here, we review the advances in the research of HBV DNA integration, including molecular mechanisms, detection methods, research models, the effects on host and viral gene expression, the role of HBV integrations in the pathogenesis of HCC, and potential treatment strategies. Finally, we discuss possible future research prospects of HBV DNA integration. HBV DNA integration is associated with hepatocarcinogenesis via multiple mechanisms HBV double-stranded linear DNA (dslDNA) is the dominant substrate for integration into the host genome The insertion sites of HBV DNA integration occur throughout the whole host genome using the NHEJ or MMEJ DNA repair pathway HBV DNA integration should be used as a clinical indicator for disease monitoring and treatment of patients with HBV infection
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34
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Sieben CJ, Jeganathan KB, Nelson GG, Sturmlechner I, Zhang C, van Deursen WH, Bakker B, Foijer F, Li H, Baker DJ, van Deursen JM. BubR1 allelic effects drive phenotypic heterogeneity in mosaic-variegated aneuploidy progeria syndrome. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:171-188. [PMID: 31738183 DOI: 10.1172/jci126863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosaic-variegated aneuploidy (MVA) syndrome is a rare childhood disorder characterized by biallelic BUBR1, CEP57, or TRIP13 aberrations; increased chromosome missegregation; and a broad spectrum of clinical features, including various cancers, congenital defects, and progeroid pathologies. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this disorder and its phenotypic heterogeneity, we mimicked the BUBR1L1012P mutation in mice (BubR1L1002P) and combined it with 2 other MVA variants, BUBR1X753 and BUBR1H, generating a truncated protein and low amounts of wild-type protein, respectively. Whereas BubR1X753/L1002P and BubR1H/X753 mice died prematurely, BubR1H/L1002P mice were viable and exhibited many MVA features, including cancer predisposition and various progeroid phenotypes, such as short lifespan, dwarfism, lipodystrophy, sarcopenia, and low cardiac stress tolerance. Strikingly, although these mice had a reduction in total BUBR1 and spectrum of MVA phenotypes similar to that of BubR1H/H mice, several progeroid pathologies were attenuated in severity, which in skeletal muscle coincided with reduced senescence-associated secretory phenotype complexity. Additionally, mice carrying monoallelic BubR1 mutations were prone to select MVA-related pathologies later in life, with predisposition to sarcopenia correlating with mTORC1 hyperactivity. Together, these data demonstrate that BUBR1 allelic effects beyond protein level and aneuploidy contribute to disease heterogeneity in both MVA patients and heterozygous carriers of MVA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cheng Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Bjorn Bakker
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hu Li
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Darren J Baker
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, and
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, and
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35
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Wu SY, Yang WY, Cheng CC, Hsiao MC, Tsai SL, Lin HK, Lin KH, Yuh CH. Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan Prevents Radiation-Induced Fibrosis and Secondary Tumors in a Zebrafish Model. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061608. [PMID: 32570707 PMCID: PMC7353073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy often causes unwanted side effects such as radiation-induced fibrosis and second malignancies. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed, has many biological effects including anti-inflammation and anti-tumor. In the present study, we investigated the radioprotective effect of Oligo-Fucoidan (OF) using a zebrafish animal model. Adult zebrafish of wild-type and transgenic fish with hepatocellular carcinoma were orally fed with Oligo-Fucoidan before irradiation. Quantitative PCR, Sirius red stain, hematoxylin, and eosin stain were used for molecular and pathological analysis. Whole genomic microarrays were used to discover the global program of gene expression after Oligo-Fucoidan treatment and identified distinct classes of up- and downregulated genes/pathways during this process. Using Oligo-Fucoidan oral gavage in adult wild-type zebrafish, we found Oligo-Fucoidan pretreatment decreased irradiation-induced fibrosis in hepatocyte. Using hepatitis B virus X antigen (HBx), Src and HBx, Src, p53−/+ transgenic zebrafish liver cancer model, we found that Oligo-Fucoidan pretreatment before irradiation could lower the expression of lipogenic factors and enzymes, fibrosis, and cell cycle/proliferation markers, which eventually reduced formation of liver cancer compared to irradiation alone. Gene ontology analysis revealed that Oligo-Fucoidan pretreatment increased the expression of genes involved in oxidoreductase activity in zebrafish irradiation. Oligo-Fucoidan also decreased the expression of genes involved in transferase activity in wild-type fish without irradiation (WT), nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network, and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) transgenic fish. Rescue of those genes can prevent liver cancer formation. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence for the ability of Oligo-Fucoidan to prevent radiation-induced fibrosis and second malignancies in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yuan Wu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 42354, Taiwan;
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan 265, Taiwan
- Big Data Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan 265, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.C.); (S.-L.T.); (H.-K.L.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Chun-Chia Cheng
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.C.); (S.-L.T.); (H.-K.L.); (K.-H.L.)
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chen Hsiao
- Research and Development Center, Hi-Q Marine Biotech International Ltd., Songshan District, Taipei 10561, Taiwan;
| | - Shin-Lin Tsai
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.C.); (S.-L.T.); (H.-K.L.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Hua-Kuo Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.C.); (S.-L.T.); (H.-K.L.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Kuan-Hao Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.C.); (S.-L.T.); (H.-K.L.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Chiou-Hwa Yuh
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-C.C.); (S.-L.T.); (H.-K.L.); (K.-H.L.)
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-37-246-166 (ext. 3538); Fax: +886-37-586-459
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Li M, Shen Y, Chen Y, Gao H, Zhou J, Wang Q, Fan C, Zhang W, Li J, Cong H, Gu J, Gan Y, Tu H. Characterization of hepatitis B virus infection and viral DNA integration in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2199-2209. [PMID: 32350851 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been reported to be associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, the evidence is limited to the seroepidemiological study. There is a lack of evidence showing the HBV infection and integration in NHL cells. Here, we reported that in the Shanghai area, the positive rates of serum HBsAg (OR: 3.11; 95% CI: 2.20-4.41) and HBeAg (OR: 3.99; 95% CI: 1.73-9.91) were significantly higher in patients with NHL. HBsAg, HBcAg and HBV DNA were detected in 34.4%, 45.2% and 47.0% of the NHL tissues, respectively. Furthermore, by using a high-throughput viral integration detection approach (HIVID), integrated HBV DNA was identified from 50% (6/12) HBV-related NHL tissues. There were a total of 313 HBV integration sites isolated from the NHL tissues, among which four protein-coding genes (FAT2, SETX, ITGA10 and CD63) were interrupted by HBV DNA in their exons. Seven HBV preferential target genes (ANKS1B, HDAC4, EGFLAM, MAN1C1, XKR6, ZBTB38 and CCDC91) showed significantly altered expression levels in NHL, suggesting a potential role of these genes in NHL development. Taken together, HBV integration is a common phenomenon in NHL. This finding opens up a new direction of research into the mechanistic link between HBV infection and NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Pathology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqin Zhou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunsun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of etiology, Qidong People's Hospital/Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyang Gu
- Department of Transplantation, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hübbers A, Hennings J, Lambertz D, Haas U, Trautwein C, Nevzorova YA, Sonntag R, Liedtke C. Pharmacological Inhibition of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases Triggers Anti-Fibrotic Effects in Hepatic Stellate Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093267. [PMID: 32380742 PMCID: PMC7246535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a wound healing process in response to chronic liver injury, which is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular collagen produced by Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSCs). This process involves cell cycle re-entry and proliferation of normally quiescent HSCs controlled by cyclins and associated cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). Cdk2 mediates the entry and progression through S-phase in complex with E-and A-type cyclins. We have demonstrated that cyclin E1 is essential for liver fibrogenesis in mice, but it is not known if this is dependent on Cdk2 or related Cdks. Here, we aimed to evaluate the benefit of the pan-Cdk inhibitor CR8 for treatment of liver fibrosis in vitro. CR8-treatment reduced proliferation and survival in immortalized HSC lines and in addition attenuated pro-fibrotic properties in primary murine HSCs. Importantly, primary murine hepatocytes were much more tolerant against the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of CR8. We identified CR8 dosages mediating anti-fibrotic effects in primary HSCs without affecting cell cycle activity and survival in primary hepatocytes. In conclusion, the pharmacological pan-Cdk inhibitor CR8 restricts the pro-fibrotic properties of HSCs, while preserving proliferation and viability of hepatocytes at least in vitro. Therefore, CR8 and related drugs might be beneficial for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hübbers
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (J.H.); (D.L.); (U.H.); (C.T.); (Y.A.N.)
| | - Julia Hennings
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (J.H.); (D.L.); (U.H.); (C.T.); (Y.A.N.)
| | - Daniela Lambertz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (J.H.); (D.L.); (U.H.); (C.T.); (Y.A.N.)
| | - Ute Haas
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (J.H.); (D.L.); (U.H.); (C.T.); (Y.A.N.)
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (J.H.); (D.L.); (U.H.); (C.T.); (Y.A.N.)
| | - Yulia A. Nevzorova
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (J.H.); (D.L.); (U.H.); (C.T.); (Y.A.N.)
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roland Sonntag
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (J.H.); (D.L.); (U.H.); (C.T.); (Y.A.N.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (J.H.); (D.L.); (U.H.); (C.T.); (Y.A.N.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (C.L.)
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Thompson LL, Baergen AK, Lichtensztejn Z, McManus KJ. Reduced SKP1 Expression Induces Chromosome Instability through Aberrant Cyclin E1 Protein Turnover. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E531. [PMID: 32106628 PMCID: PMC7139525 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN), or progressive changes in chromosome numbers, is an enabling feature of many cancers; however, the mechanisms giving rise to CIN remain poorly understood. To expand our mechanistic understanding of the molecular determinants of CIN in humans, we employed a cross-species approach to identify 164 human candidates to screen. Using quantitative imaging microscopy (QuantIM), we show that silencing 148 genes resulted in significant changes in CIN-associated phenotypes in two distinct cellular contexts. Ten genes were prioritized for validation based on cancer patient datasets revealing frequent gene copy number losses and associations with worse patient outcomes. QuantIM determined silencing of each gene-induced CIN, identifying novel roles for each as chromosome stability genes. SKP1 was selected for in-depth analyses as it forms part of SCF (SKP1, CUL1, FBox) complex, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins for proteolytic degradation. Remarkably, SKP1 silencing induced increases in replication stress, DNA double strand breaks and chromothriptic events that were ascribed to aberrant increases in Cyclin E1 levels arising from reduced SKP1 expression. Collectively, these data reveal a high degree of evolutionary conservation between human and budding yeast CIN genes and further identify aberrant mechanisms associated with increases in chromothriptic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (L.L.T.); (A.K.B.); (Z.L.)
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Allison K. Baergen
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (L.L.T.); (A.K.B.); (Z.L.)
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Zelda Lichtensztejn
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (L.L.T.); (A.K.B.); (Z.L.)
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Kirk J. McManus
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (L.L.T.); (A.K.B.); (Z.L.)
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
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An Automated, Single Cell Quantitative Imaging Microscopy Approach to Assess Micronucleus Formation, Genotoxicity and Chromosome Instability. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020344. [PMID: 32024251 PMCID: PMC7072510 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronuclei are small, extranuclear bodies that are distinct from the primary cell nucleus. Micronucleus formation is an aberrant event that suggests a history of genotoxic stress or chromosome mis-segregation events. Accordingly, assays evaluating micronucleus formation serve as useful tools within the fields of toxicology and oncology. Here, we describe a novel micronucleus formation assay that utilizes a high-throughput imaging platform and automated image analysis software for accurate detection and rapid quantification of micronuclei at the single cell level. We show that our image analysis parameters are capable of identifying dose-dependent increases in micronucleus formation within three distinct cell lines following treatment with two established genotoxic agents, etoposide or bleomycin. We further show that this assay detects micronuclei induced through silencing of the established chromosome instability gene, SMC1A. Thus, the micronucleus formation assay described here is a versatile and efficient alternative to more laborious cytological approaches, and greatly increases throughput, which will be particularly beneficial for large-scale chemical or genetic screens.
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40
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E2F-Family Members Engage the PIDDosome to Limit Hepatocyte Ploidy in Liver Development and Regeneration. Dev Cell 2020; 52:335-349.e7. [PMID: 31983631 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
E2F transcription factors control the cytokinesis machinery and thereby ploidy in hepatocytes. If or how these proteins limit proliferation of polyploid cells with extra centrosomes remains unknown. Here, we show that the PIDDosome, a signaling platform essential for caspase-2-activation, limits hepatocyte ploidy and is instructed by the E2F network to control p53 in the developing as well as regenerating liver. Casp2 and Pidd1 act as direct transcriptional targets of E2F1 and its antagonists, E2F7 and E2F8, that together co-regulate PIDDosome expression during juvenile liver growth and regeneration. Of note, whereas hepatocyte aneuploidy correlates with the basal ploidy state, the degree of aneuploidy itself is not limited by PIDDosome-dependent p53 activation. Finally, we provide evidence that the same signaling network is engaged to control ploidy in the human liver after resection. Our study defines the PIDDosome as a primary target to manipulate hepatocyte ploidy and proliferation rates in the regenerating liver.
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Wei Z, Liu Y, Qiao S, Li X, Li Q, Zhao J, Hu J, Wei Z, Shan A, Sun X, Xu B. Identification of the potential therapeutic target gene UBE2C in human hepatocellular carcinoma: An investigation based on GEO and TCGA databases. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5409-5418. [PMID: 31186759 PMCID: PMC6507459 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks the third major cause of cancer-associated mortality globally. Numerous studies have attempted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of HCC using various biomarkers. In the present study, two expression profiles datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE76427 and GSE84402) and data associated with liver cancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were downloaded for integrated analysis. Five differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibiting high expression, including ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C), topoisomerase II α, pituitary tumor transforming gene 1, glypican-3 and polycomb-repressive complex 1, were selected and considered as candidate genes. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that these genes were associated with Gene Ontology terms of cellular components and molecular functions, including regulation of apoptosis, stabilization of p53 and Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) (APC/C:Cdc20)-mediated degradation of Securin. The expression profiles of these genes in HCC, other human malignancies and different human HCC cell lines were validated using GSE14520, GSE3500 and TCGA data. The results confirmed the upregulation of UBE2C in tissues from patients with HCC or other human malignancies and human liver cancer cell lines, compared with the expression levels in the corresponding adjacent non-tumor tissues and cell lines, respectively. Patients with HCC who exhibited an increased messenger RNA level of UBE2C exhibited a significantly shorter survival time. The results of the present study suggest that the overexpression of UBE2C may be used as a novel prognostic biomarker of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilun Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yihai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Shuaihua Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jinxuan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghai Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Anqi Shan
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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