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Pasdaran A, Grice ID, Hamedi A. A review of natural products and small-molecule therapeutics acting on central nervous system malignancies: Approaches for drug development, targeting pathways, clinical trials, and challenges. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22180. [PMID: 38680103 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In 2021, the World Health Organization released the fifth edition of the central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification. This classification uses histopathology and molecular pathogenesis to group tumors into more biologically and molecularly defined entities. The prognosis of brain cancer, particularly malignant tumors, has remained poor worldwide, approximately 308,102 new cases of brain and other CNS tumors were diagnosed in the year 2020, with an estimated 251,329 deaths. The cost and time-consuming nature of studies to find new anticancer agents makes it necessary to have well-designed studies. In the present study, the pathways that can be targeted for drug development are discussed in detail. Some of the important cellular origins, signaling, and pathways involved in the efficacy of bioactive molecules against CNS tumorigenesis or progression, as well as prognosis and common approaches for treatment of different types of brain tumors, are reviewed. Moreover, different study tools, including cell lines, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial challenges, are discussed. In addition, in this article, natural products as one of the most important sources for finding new chemotherapeutics were reviewed and over 700 reported molecules with efficacy against CNS cancer cells are gathered and classified according to their structure. Based on the clinical trials that have been registered, very few of these natural or semi-synthetic derivatives have been studied in humans. The review can help researchers understand the involved mechanisms and design new goal-oriented studies for drug development against CNS malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Irwin Darren Grice
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Diedericks B, Kok AM, Mandiwana V, Lall N. A Review of the Potential of Poly-(lactide-co-glycolide) Nanoparticles as a Delivery System for an Active Antimycobacterial Compound, 7-Methyljuglone. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:216. [PMID: 38399270 PMCID: PMC10893214 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
7-Methyljuglone (7-MJ) is a pure compound isolated from the roots of Euclea natalensis A. DC., a shrub indigenous to South Africa. It exhibits significant promise as a potential treatment for the highly communicable disease tuberculosis (TB), owing to its effective antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite its potential therapeutic benefits, 7-MJ has demonstrated in vitro cytotoxicity against various cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines, raising concerns about its safety for consumption by TB patients. Therefore, this review focuses on exploring the potential of poly-(lactide-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles as a delivery system, which has been shown to decrease in vitro cytotoxicity, and 7-MJ as an effective antimycobacterial compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Diedericks
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (B.D.); (A.-M.K.)
| | - Anna-Mari Kok
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (B.D.); (A.-M.K.)
- Research Fellow, South African International Maritime Institute (SAIMI), Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha 6019, South Africa
| | - Vusani Mandiwana
- Chemicals Cluster, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (B.D.); (A.-M.K.)
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 643001, India
- Senior Research Fellow, Bio-Tech R&D Institute, University of the West Indies, Kingston IAU-016615, Jamaica
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Wang S, Li C, Zhang L, Sun B, Cui Y, Sang F. Isolation and biological activity of natural chalcones based on antibacterial mechanism classification. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 93:117454. [PMID: 37659218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection, which is still one of the leading causes of death in humans, poses an enormous threat to the worldwide public health system. Antibiotics are the primary medications used to treat bacterial diseases. Currently, the discovery of antibiotics has reached an impasse, and due to the abuse of antibiotics resulting in bacterial antibiotic resistance, researchers have a critical desire to develop new antibacterial agents in order to combat the deteriorating antibacterial situation. Natural chalcones, the flavonoids consisting of two phenolic rings and a three-carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system, possess a variety of biological and pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and so on. Due to their potent antibacterial properties, natural chalcones possess the potential to become a new treatment for infectious diseases that circumvents existing antibiotic resistance. Currently, the majority of research on natural chalcones focuses on their synthesis, biological and pharmacological activities, etc. A few studies have been conducted on their antibacterial activity and mechanism. Therefore, this review focuses on the antibacterial activity and mechanisms of seventeen natural chalcones. Firstly, seventeen natural chalcones have been classified based on differences in antibacterial mechanisms. Secondly, a summary of the isolation and biological activity of seventeen natural chalcones was provided, with a focus on their antibacterial activity. Thirdly, the antibacterial mechanisms of natural chalcones were summarized, including those that act on bacterial cell membranes, biological macromolecules, biofilms, and quorum sensing systems. This review aims to lay the groundwork for the discovery of novel antibacterial agents based on chalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Chuang Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Bingxia Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Yuting Cui
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China.
| | - Feng Sang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China.
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4
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Matieta VY, Mbaveng AT, Nouemsi GRS, Tankeo SB, Kamsu GT, Nayim P, Lannang AM, Çelik İ, Efferth T, Kuete V. Cytotoxicity, acute and sub-chronic toxicities of the leaves of Bauhinia thonningii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh. (Caesalpiniaceae). BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:341. [PMID: 37752510 PMCID: PMC10523748 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bauhinia thonningii is a plant traditionally used against many human diseases such as gastric ulcers, fever, inflammations, coughs, dysentery, diarrhea, and malaria. In the present investigation, the cytotoxicity of methanol extract of Bauhinia thonningii leaves (BTL), fractions and the isolated phytoconstituents was determined in a panel of 9 human cancer cell lines including drug sensitive and multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. The acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity of BTL was investigated as well. METHODS Compounds were isolated using chromatographic techniques while their chemical structures were determined using spectroscopic methods. The resazurin reduction assay (RRA) was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of samples, propidium iodide (PI) for apoptosis, 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining for mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) analysis, 2´,7´-dichlorodihydrofluoresceine diacetate (H2DCFH-DA) staining for the quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas Caspase Glo assays were combined by means of flow cytometry. Furthermore, the toxicological investigations were performed as recommended by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). RESULTS The botanicals as well as 6-C-methylquercetin-3,7-dimethyl ether (2), quercetin-3-O-L-rhamnopyranoside (5), quercetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside (6), 6,8-C-dimethylkaempferol 3,7-dimethyl ether (7), and 6,8-C-dimethylkaempferol-3-methyl ether (8) had promising cytotoxic effects in the 9 tested cancer cell lines. The IC50 values below 20 µg/mL (botanicals) or 10 µM (compounds) on at least 1/9 tested cancer cell lines were considered. The best cytotoxic effects with IC50 values below 5 µM were achieved with compounds 7 against CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells (2.86 µM) and MDA-MB-231-pcDNA breast adenocarcinoma cells (1.93 µM) as well as 8 against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells (3.03 µM), CEM/ADR5000 cells (2.42 µM), MDA-MB-231-pcDNA (2.34 µM), and HCT116 p53-/- cells (3.41 µM). BTL and compound 8 induced apoptotic cell death in CCRF-CEM cells through caspase activation, alteration of MMP, and increased ROS production. BTL did not cause any adverse effects in rats after a single administration at 5000 mg/kg or a repeated dose of 250 mg/kg body weight (b. w.). CONCLUSION Bauhinia thonningii and its constituents are sources of cytotoxic drugs that deserve more in-depth studies to develop novel antiproliferative phytomedicine to fight cancer including resistant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valaire Y Matieta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guy R Sado Nouemsi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Simplice B Tankeo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Gabriel T Kamsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Paul Nayim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Alain M Lannang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - İlhami Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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5
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Masoud MS, Yacout GA, Abd-El-Khalek BA, Ramadan AM. Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, Biological Assessment, and Molecular Docking Study of Some Metal Complexes of Alloxan and Ninhydrin as Alterdentate Ligands. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2023; 33:1-18. [PMID: 37359388 PMCID: PMC10149045 DOI: 10.1007/s10904-023-02661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of transition metal complexes of alloxan monohydrate (H2L1) and ninhydrin (H2L2) have been prepared where metal ions are Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zr(IV), and Mo(VI). Different microanalytical techniques, spectroscopic methods, and magnetic studies were applied to assign the mode of bonding and elucidate the structure of complexes. All solid complexes are of 1:1 (M:L) stoichiometry and octahedral geometry except nickel (II) complexes exist in a tetrahedral geometry. FTIR spectral interpretation reveals that HL1 coordinates to the central metal ion in a bidentate ON pattern, whereas HL2 behaves as an alterdentate ligand through hydroxyl oxygen and carbonyl oxygen either C(1) = O or C(3) = O. The thermal behavior of some complexes was followed up to 700 °C by different techniques (TGA, DTA, and DSC) where decomposition stages progress in complicated mechanisms and are ended by the formation of metal oxide residue. Besides, biological screening involving antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal for ligands and some of their complexes was done. Moreover, four examined metal complexes displayed anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG-2) but to different degrees. According to the IC50 values, Cu-ninhydrin complex, [Cu(HL2)(H2O)4].Cl has a better potency impact in comparison with cisplatin which was used as a reference control. This is in harmony with the molecular docking simulation outcomes that predicted a good binding propensity of the Cu-ninhydrin complex with hepatocellular carcinoma protein (2jrs). Therefore, the Cu-ninhydrin complex should be deemed as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for hepatocellular cancer. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10904-023-02661-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh S. Masoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria, 21321 Egypt
| | - Galila A. Yacout
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21511, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bassant A. Abd-El-Khalek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria, 21321 Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Ramadan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria, 21321 Egypt
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6
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Youmbi LM, Makong YSD, Mbaveng AT, Tankeo SB, Fotso GW, Ndjakou BL, Wansi JD, Beng VP, Sewald N, Ngadjui BT, Efferth T, Kuete V. Cytotoxicity of the methanol extracts and compounds of Brucea antidysenterica (Simaroubaceae) towards multifactorial drug-resistant human cancer cell lines. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:48. [PMID: 36793009 PMCID: PMC9930359 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer remains a global health concern and constitutes an important barrier to increasing life expectancy. Malignant cells rapidly develop drug resistance leading to many clinical therapeutic failures. The importance of medicinal plants as an alternative to classical drug discovery to fight cancer is well known. Brucea antidysenterica is an African medicinal plant traditionally used to treat cancer, dysentery, malaria, diarrhea, stomach aches, helminthic infections, fever, and asthma. The present work was designed to identify the cytotoxic constituents of Brucea antidysenterica on a broad range of cancer cell lines and to demonstrate the mode of induction of apoptosis of the most active samples. METHODS Seven phytochemicals were isolated from the leaves (BAL) and stem (BAS) extract of Brucea antidysenterica by column chromatography and structurally elucidated using spectroscopic techniques. The antiproliferative effects of the crude extracts and compounds against 9 human cancer cell lines were evaluated by the resazurin reduction assay (RRA). The activity in cell lines was assessed by the Caspase-Glo assay. The cell cycle distribution, apoptosis via propidium iodide (PI) staining, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) through 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) via 2´,7´-dichlorodihydrofluoresceine diacetate (H2DCFH-DA) staining, were investigated by flow cytometry. RESULTS Phytochemical studies of the botanicals (BAL and BAS) led to the isolation of seven compounds. BAL and its constituents 3, (3-(3-Methyl-1-oxo-2-butenyl))1H indole (1) and hydnocarpin (2), as well as the reference compound, doxorubicin, had antiproliferative activity against 9 cancer cell lines. The IC50 values varied from 17.42 µg/mL (against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 38.70 µg/mL (against HCT116 p53-/- colon adenocarcinoma cells) for BAL, from 19.11 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 47.50 µM (against MDA-MB-231-BCRP adenocarcinoma cells) for compound 1, and from 4.07 µM (against MDA-MB-231-pcDNA cells) to 11.44 µM (against HCT116 p53+/+ cells) for compound 2. Interestingly, hypersensitivity of resistant cancer cells to compound 2 was also observed. BAL and hydnocarpin induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells mediated by caspase activation, the alteration of MMP, and increased ROS levels. CONCLUSION BAL and its constituents, mostly compound 2, are potential antiproliferative products from Brucea antidysenterica. Other studies will be necessary in the perspective of the discovery of new antiproliferative agents to fight against resistance to anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia M. Youmbi
- grid.8201.b0000 0001 0657 2358Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon ,grid.412661.60000 0001 2173 8504Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Yves S. D. Makong
- grid.413096.90000 0001 2107 607XDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T. Mbaveng
- grid.8201.b0000 0001 0657 2358Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon ,grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Simplice B. Tankeo
- grid.8201.b0000 0001 0657 2358Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon ,grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ghislain W. Fotso
- grid.412661.60000 0001 2173 8504Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bruno L. Ndjakou
- grid.412661.60000 0001 2173 8504Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean D. Wansi
- grid.413096.90000 0001 2107 607XDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Veronique P. Beng
- grid.412661.60000 0001 2173 8504Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Norbert Sewald
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bonaventure T. Ngadjui
- grid.412661.60000 0001 2173 8504Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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El Ouafi Z, Rhalem W, Habib N, Idrissi Azami A, Sehli S, Al Idrissi N, Bakkali F, Abderrazak R, Merzouki M, Allali I, Amzazi S, Nejjari C, Ghazal H. Molecular Modeling Targeting the ACE2 Receptor with Cannabis sativa's Active Ingredients for Antiviral Drug Discovery against SARS-CoV-2 Infections. Bioinform Biol Insights 2022; 16:11779322221145380. [PMID: 36582392 PMCID: PMC9793058 DOI: 10.1177/11779322221145380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a novel coronavirus that later on rendered a global pandemic, caused desperation within the communities and drove increased interest in exploring medicinal plant-based therapeutics to treat and prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infections. Many medicinal plants have been reported to have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects that hinder, cure, or ease the symptoms of COVID-19 infection. This exploratory study seeks to dock the active components of Cannabis sativa, a natural plant with several pharmacological and biological properties, with the angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor. A total of 3 C. sativa active components have been found to bind to the ACE2 protein active site and could inhibit spike binding, although they do not compete directly with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. 6-Prenylapigenin, cannabivarin (CBN-C3), and Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-A (Δ8-THCA) have a greater affinity (-8.3, -8.3, and -8.0 kcal/mol, respectively) and satisfactory interaction with ACE2 than its inhibitor MLN-4760 (-7.1 kcal/mol). These potential drugs with higher affinity for the ACE2 receptor and adequate absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) values are candidates for treating or preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections. In vitro and in vivo investigations are needed to evaluate further the efficacy and toxicity of these hit compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab El Ouafi
- Laboratory of Genomics and
Bioinformatics, School of Pharmacy, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences
Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Wajih Rhalem
- Electronic Systems, Sensors and
Nanobiotechnologies (E2SN), École Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Métiers (ENSAM),
Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nihal Habib
- Laboratory of Genomics and
Bioinformatics, School of Pharmacy, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences
Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Idrissi Azami
- Laboratory of Genomics and
Bioinformatics, School of Pharmacy, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences
Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sofia Sehli
- Laboratory of Genomics and
Bioinformatics, School of Pharmacy, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences
Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Najib Al Idrissi
- Department of Surgery, School of
Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences Casablanca, Casablanca,
Morocco
| | - Fadil Bakkali
- Toxicology Laboratory, School of
Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS) Casablanca, Casablanca,
Morocco
| | - Rfaki Abderrazak
- National Center for Scientific and
Technical Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Merzouki
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Faculty of
Science and Technologies, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal,
Morocco
| | - Imane Allali
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies
Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human
Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat,
Rabat, Morocco
| | - Saaïd Amzazi
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies
Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human
Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat,
Rabat, Morocco
| | - Chakib Nejjari
- Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, International School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of
Health Sciences Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco,Department of Epidemiology and Public
Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fes,
Morocco
| | - Hassan Ghazal
- Laboratory of Genomics and
Bioinformatics, School of Pharmacy, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences
Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco,Electronic Systems, Sensors and
Nanobiotechnologies (E2SN), École Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Métiers (ENSAM),
Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco,National Center for Scientific and
Technical Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco,Hassan Ghazal, Laboratory of Genomics and
Bioinformatics, School of Pharmacy, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences
Casablanca, Bld Mohammed Taieb Naciri, Hay Hassani, Casablanca, 82 403, Morocco.
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8
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Elsamra RMI, Masoud MS, Ramadan AM. Designing metal chelates of halogenated sulfonamide Schiff bases as potent nonplatinum anticancer drugs using spectroscopic, molecular docking and biological studies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20192. [PMID: 36424449 PMCID: PMC9691640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, five Ni(II) complexes have been synthesized from sulfonamide-based Schiff bases (SB1-SB5) that comprise bromo or iodo substituents in the salicylidene moiety. The chemical structures of these compounds were extensively elucidated by different analytical and physicochemical studies. All ligands act as bidentate chelators with ON binding mode yielding octahedral, square planar, or tetrahedral geometries. The phenolic OH at δ 12.80 ppm in the free Schiff base SB2 vanishes in the 1H NMRspectrum of diamagnetic complex [Ni(SB2-H)2] favoring the OH deprotonation prior to the chelation with Ni(II) ion. The appearance of twin molecular ion peaks ([M - 1]+ and [M + 1]+) is due to the presence of bromine isotopes (79Br and 81Br) in the mass spectra of most cases. Also, the thermal decomposition stages of all complexes confirmed their high thermal stability and ended with the formation of NiO residue of mass 6.42% to 14.18%. Besides, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of the ligands and some selected complexes were evaluated. Among the ligands, SB4 showed superior antimicrobial efficacy with MIC values of 0.46, 7.54, and 0.95 µM against B. subtilis, E. coli, and A. fumigatus strains, respectively. The consortium of different substituents as two bromine atoms either at positions 3 and/or 5 on the phenyl ring and a thiazole ring is one of the reasons behind the recorded optimal activity. Moreover, there is a good correlation between the cytotoxicity screening (IC50) and molecular docking simulation outcomes that predicted a strong binding of SB2 (16.0 μM), SB4 (18.8 μM), and SB5 (6.32 μM) to the breast cancer protein (3s7s). Additionally, [Ni(SB4-H)2] (4.33 µM) has nearly fourfold potency in comparison with cisplatin (19.0 μM) against breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) and is highly recommended as a promising, potent, as well as low-cost non-platinum antiproliferative agent after further drug authorization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M. I. Elsamra
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria, 21321 Egypt
| | - Mamdouh S. Masoud
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria, 21321 Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Ramadan
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria, 21321 Egypt
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Hussein HA, Kassim MNI, Maulidiani M, Abas F, Abdullah MA. Cytotoxicity and 1H NMR metabolomics analyses of microalgal extracts for synergistic application with Tamoxifen on breast cancer cells with reduced toxicity against Vero cells. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09192. [PMID: 35846482 PMCID: PMC9280575 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the cytotoxic activity of Tamoxifen (TMX), an anti-estrogen drug, with microalgal crude extracts (MCEs) in single and synergistic application (TMX-MCEs) on MCF-7 and 4T1 breast cancer cells, and non-cancerous Vero cells. The MCEs of Nannochloropsis oculata, Tetraselmis suecica and Chlorella sp. from five different solvents (methanol, MET; ethanol, ETH; water, W; chloroform, CHL; and hexane, HEX) were developed. The TMX-MCEs-ETH and W at the 1:2 and 1:3 ratios, attained IC50 of 15.84–29.51 μg/mL against MCF-7; 13.8–31.62 μg/mL against 4T1; and 24.54–85.11 μg/mL against Vero cells. Higher late apoptosis was exhibited against MCF-7 by the TMX-N. oculata-ETH (41.15 %); and by the TMX-T. suecica-ETH (65.69 %) against 4T1 cells. The TMX-T. suecica-ETH also showed higher ADP/ATP ratios, but comparable Caspase activities to control. For Vero cells, overall apoptotic effects were lowered with synergistic application, and only early apoptosis was higher with TMX-T. suecica-ETH but at lower levels (29.84 %). The MCEs-W showed the presence of alanine, oleic acid, linoleic acid, lactic acid, and fumaric acid. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the spectral signals for polar solvents such as MET and ETH, were found in the same cluster, while the non-polar solvent CHL was with HEX, suggesting similar chemical profiles clustered for the same polarity. The CHL and HEX were more effective with N. oculata and T. suecica which were of the marine origin, while the ETH and MET were more effective with Chlorella sp., which was of the freshwater origin. The synergistic application of microalgal bioactive compounds with TMX can maintain the cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells whilst reducing the toxicity against non-cancerous Vero cells. These findings will benefit the biopharmaceutical, and functional and healthy food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Ali Hussein
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Murni Nur Islamiah Kassim
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - M. Maulidiani
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- SIBCo Medical and Pharmaceuticals Sdn. Bhd., No. 2, Level 5, Jalan Tengku Ampuan Zabedah, D9/D, Seksyen 9, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Corresponding author.
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King DI, Hamid K, Tran VH, Duke RK, Duke CC. Kangaroo Island propolis types originating from two Lepidosperma species and Dodonaea humilis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 188:112800. [PMID: 34087511 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The endemic Australian plants Lepidosperma sp. Flinders Chase (Cyperaceae), Lepidosperma viscidum (Cyperaceae) and Dodonaea humilis (Sapindaceae) were found to be the botanical origin of three propolis types found on Kangaroo Island identified by TLC and 1H NMR matching of propolis and plant resin analytical profiles. Resin samples extracted from the plant, Lepidosperma sp. Flinders Chase, were chromatographically fractionated to give: methyl 3-phenyl-2-(E-cinnamoyloxy)propanoate (1), 3-(E-8-methoxy-8-oxo-3,7-dimethyloct-2-enyl)-4-hydroxy-E-cinnamic acid (2), 3-(E-6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyloct-2-enyl)-4-hydroxy-E-cinnamic acid (3), previously undescribed; and the known stilbenes, 2-prenyl-3,5-dihydroxy-E-stilbene (6) and 2-prenyl-3-methoxy-5-hydroxy-E-stilbene (7). The resin from L. viscidum gave: 5'-(E-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl)-4,2',4'-trihydroxydihydrochalcone (4); 5'-(E-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl)-4'-methoxy-4,2'-dihydroxydihydrochalcone (5), previously undescribed; and three known flavanones, farrerol (8), 5,7,3',5'-tetrahydroxy-6,8-dimethylflavanone (9) and 5,7,3',5'-tetrahydroxy-6-methylflavanone (10). The major constituent in the propolis identified as being sourced from D. humilis was identified as 6,8-diprenyl-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavanone (11), a known compound identified in several unrelated plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas I King
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kaiser Hamid
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Van H Tran
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rujee K Duke
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Colin C Duke
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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11
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Mbaveng AT, Chi GF, Bonsou IN, Ombito JO, Yeboah SO, Kuete V, Efferth T. Cytotoxic phytochemicals from the crude extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruits towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113632. [PMID: 33253828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tetrapleura tetraptera is an African medicinal spice used in traditional medicine to treat several ailments including cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) extract of the fruits of Tetrapleura tetraptera (TTF) and its constituents: (3R, 4S)-3,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one (1), luteolin (2), stigmasterol (4), 3-O-[6'-O-undecanoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl]stigmasterol (6), olean-12-en-3-β-O-D-glucopyranoside (7), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranosylurs-12-en-28-oic acid (8), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-27-hydroxyolean-12-ene-28-oic acid (9), methyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 → 1)-β-D-glucopyranoside (11) towards a panel of cancer cell lines including MDR phenotypes. The cellular mode of induction of apoptosis by TTF and compound 7 was further investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The resazurin reduction assay (RRA) was applied to determine the cytotoxicity of the studied samples. The cell cycle (PI staining), apoptosis (annexin V/PI staining), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; JC-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS; H2DCFH-DA) were measured by flow cytometry. Column chromatography was used for the purification of TTF, whilst nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis was applied for structural elucidation. RESULTS The botanical, TTF and the phytochemicals, 2, 7, 8 and 9 as well as doxorubicin exerted cytotoxicity against 9 cancer cell lines including drug-sensitive and drug resistant phenotypes. TTF, compound 7 and doxorubicin were the most active samples, and displayed IC50 values ranging from 10.27 μg/mL (in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 23.61 μg/mL (against HCT116 p53-/- colon adenocarcinoma cells) for TTF, from 4.76 μM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 12.92 μM (against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells) for compound 7, and from 0.02 μM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 122.96 μM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. TTF induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells through MMP alteration and increased ROS production while compound 7 induced apoptosis mediated by caspases activation, MMP alteration and increased ROS production. CONCLUSION Tetrapleura tetraptera and some of its constituents, mostly compound 7 are good cytotoxic natural products that should be explored in depth to develop new drugs to fight cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Godloves F Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Idrios N Bonsou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Japheth O Ombito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Samuel O Yeboah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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Ramadan AM, Elsamra RM, Bondock S. New pyrazole‐4‐carbothioamide‐based metal complexes: Synthesis, spectral characterization, computational, antimicrobial, and antitumor investigations. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Ramadan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab M.I. Elsamra
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Samir Bondock
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
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Botanicals from the leaves of Acacia sieberiana had better cytotoxic effects than isolated phytochemicals towards MDR cancer cells lines. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05412. [PMID: 33163682 PMCID: PMC7609460 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of cancer chemotherapy is seriously hampered by the development of resistance of neoplastic cells to cytotoxic agents. In the present investigation, the cytotoxicity of the dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) extract of Acacia sieberiana (ASL), fractions (ASLa-c) from the leaves and isolated compounds: chrysoeriol-7-O-rutinoside (1), luteolin-7-O-rutinoside (2), chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), luteolin-3',4'-dimethoxylether-7-O-β-D-glucoside (5) and luteolin (6) was investigated. The study was extended to the assessment of the mode of induction of apoptosis by ASL. The resazurin reduction assay (RRA) was used for cytotoxicity studies. Assessments of cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed by flow cytometry. A caspase-Glo assay was used to evaluate caspase activities. Botanicals ASL, ASLb and ASLc as well as doxorubicin displayed observable IC50 values towards the nine tested cancer cell lines while ASLa and compounds 1-7 had selective activities. The IC50 values ranged from 13.45 μg/mL (in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 33.20 μg/mL (against MDA-MB-231-BCRP breast adenocarcinoma cells) for ASL, from 16.42 μg/mL (in CCRF-CEM cells) to 29.64 μg/mL (against MDA-MB-231-pcDNA cells) for ASLc, and from 22.94 μg/mL (in MDA-MB-231-BCRP cells) to 40.19 μg/mL (against HCT116 (p53-/-) colon adenocarcinoma cells) for ASLb (Table 1), and from 0.02 μM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 122.96 μM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. ASL induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells, mediated by ROS production. Acacia sieberiana is a good cytotoxic plant and should be further explored to develop an anticancer phytomedicine to combat both sensitive and drug resistant phenotypes.
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Hussein HA, Maulidiani M, Abdullah MA. Microalgal metabolites as anti-cancer/anti-oxidant agents reduce cytotoxicity of elevated silver nanoparticle levels against non-cancerous vero cells. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05263. [PMID: 33102866 PMCID: PMC7578694 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has become a major concern globally as it contaminates eco-system, water networks and as finely suspended particles in air. In this study, the effects of elevated silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) levels as a model system of heavy metals, in the presence of microalgal crude extracts (MCEs) at different ratios, were evaluated against the non-cancerous Vero cells, and the cancerous MCF-7 and 4T1 cells. The MCEs were developed from water (W) and ethanol (ETH) as green solvents. The AgNPs-MCEs-W at the 4:1 and 5:1 ratios (v/v) after 48 and 72 h treatment, respectively, showed the IC50 values of 83.17-95.49 and 70.79-91.20 μg/ml on Vero cells, 13.18-28.18 and 12.58-25.7 μg/ml on MCF-7; and 16.21-33.88 and 14.79-26.91 μg/ml on 4T1 cells. In comparison, the AgNPs-MCEs-ETH formulation achieved the IC50 values of 56.23-89.12 and 63.09-91.2 μg/ml on Vero cells, 10.47-19.95 and 13.48-26.61 μg/ml on MCF-7; 14.12-50.11 and 15.13-58.88 μg/ml on 4T1 cells, respectively. After 48 and 72 h treatment, the AgNPs-MCE-CHL at the 4:1 and 5:1 ratios exhibited the IC50 of 51.28-75.85 and 48.97-69.18 μg/ml on Vero cells, and higher cytotoxicity at 10.47-16.98 and 6.19-14.45 μg/ml against MCF-7 cells, and 15.84-31.62 and 12.58-24.54 μg/ml on 4T1 cells, respectively. The AgNPs-MCEs-W and ETH resulted in low apoptotic events in the Vero cells after 24 h, but very high early and late apoptotic events in the cancerous cells. The Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Electrospray Ionization (LC-MS-ESI) metabolite profiling of the MCEs exhibited 64 metabolites in negative ion and 56 metabolites in positive ion mode, belonging to different classes. The microalgal metabolites, principally the anti-oxidative components, could have reduced the toxicity of the AgNPs against Vero cells, whilst retaining the cytotoxicity against the cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Ali Hussein
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - M. Maulidiani
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Cytisine-flavonoid conjugates: Synthesis and antitumor structure-activity relationship research. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Natural Chalcones in Chinese Materia Medica: Licorice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3821248. [PMID: 32256642 PMCID: PMC7102474 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3821248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Licorice is an important Chinese materia medica frequently used in clinical practice, which contains more than 20 triterpenoids and 300 flavonoids. Chalcone, one of the major classes of flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities and is widely distributed in nature. To date, about 42 chalcones have been isolated and identified from licorice. These chalcones play a pivotal role when licorice exerts its pharmacological effects. According to the research reports, these compounds have a wide range of biological activities, containing anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidative, antiviral, antidiabetic, antidepressive, hepatoprotective activities, and so on. This review aims to summarize structures and biological activities of chalcones from licorice. We hope that this work can provide a theoretical basis for the further studies of chalcones from licorice.
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Qaddir I, Majeed A, Hussain W, Mahmood S, Rasool N. An in silico investigation of phytochemicals as potential inhibitors against non-structural protein 1 from dengue virus 4. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000117420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Qaddir
- University of Management and Technology, Pakistan
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Ramadan AM, Alshehri AA, Bondock S. Synthesis, physico-chemical studies and biological evaluation of new metal complexes with some pyrazolone derivatives. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ullrich CI, Aloni R, Saeed MEM, Ullrich W, Efferth T. Comparison between tumors in plants and human beings: Mechanisms of tumor development and therapy with secondary plant metabolites. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 64:153081. [PMID: 31568956 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human tumors are still a major threat to human health and plant tumors negatively affect agricultural yields. Both areas of research are developing largely independent of each other. Treatment of both plant and human tumors remains unsatisfactory and novel therapy options are urgently needed. HYPOTHESIS The concept of this paper is to compare cellular and molecular mechanisms of tumor development in plants and human beings and to explore possibilities to develop novel treatment strategies based on bioactive secondary plant metabolites. The interdisciplinary discourse may unravel commonalities and differences in the biology of plant and human tumors as basis for rational drug development. RESULTS Plant tumors and galls develop upon infection by bacteria (e.g. Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. vitis, which harbor oncogenic T-DNA) and by insects (e.g. gall wasps, aphids). Plant tumors are benign, i.e. they usually do not ultimately kill their host, but they can lead to considerable economic damage due to reduced crop yields of cultivated plants. Human tumors develop by biological carcinogenesis (i.e. viruses and other infectious agents), chemical carcinogenesis (anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic environmental toxic xenobiotics) and physical carcinogenesis (radioactivity, UV-radiation). The majority of human tumors are malignant with lethal outcome. Although treatments for both plant and human tumors are available (antibiotics and apathogenic bacterial strains for plant tumors, cytostatic drugs for human tumors), treatment successes are non-satisfactory, because of drug resistance and the severe adverse side effects. In human beings, attacks by microbes are repelled by cellular immunity (i.e. innate and acquired immune systems). Plants instead display chemical defense mechanisms, whereby constitutively expressed phytoanticipin compounds compare to the innate human immune system, the acquired human immune system compares to phytoalexins, which are induced by appropriate biotic or abiotic stressors. Some chemical weapons of this armory of secondary metabolites are also active against plant galls. There is a mutual co-evolution between plant defense and animals/human beings, which was sometimes referred to as animal plant warfare. As a consequence, hepatic phase I-III metabolization and excretion developed in animals and human beings to detoxify harmful phytochemicals. On the other hand, plants invented "pro-drugs" during evolution, which are activated and toxified in animals by this hepatic biotransformation system. Recent efforts focus on phytochemicals that specifically target tumor-related mechanisms and proteins, e.g. angiogenic or metastatic inhibitors, stimulators of the immune system to improve anti-tumor immunity, specific cell death or cancer stem cell inhibitors, inhibitors of DNA damage and epigenomic deregulation, specific inhibitors of driver genes of carcinogenesis (e.g. oncogenes), inhibitors of multidrug resistance (i.e. ABC transporter efflux inhibitors), secondary metabolites against plant tumors. CONCLUSION The exploitation of bioactive secondary metabolites to treat plant or human tumors bears a tremendous therapeutic potential. Although there are fundamental differences between human and plant tumors, either isolated phytochemicals and their (semi)synthetic derivatives or chemically defined and standardized plant extracts may offer new therapy options to decrease human tumor incidence and mortality as well as to increase agricultural yields by fighting crown galls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia I Ullrich
- Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstr. 3-5, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Roni Aloni
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Wolfram Ullrich
- Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstr. 3-5, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany.
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Du T, Sun R, Du S, Gao S, Hu M, Zhang Y, Chen J, Yang G. Metabolic profiles of Xiao Chai Hu Tang in mouse plasma, bile and urine by the UHPLC–ESI-Q-TOF/MS technique. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1128:121767. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Flavonoids from the Amazon plant Brosimum acutifolium induce C6 glioma cell line apoptosis by disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing AKT phosphorylation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Adem FA, Mbaveng AT, Kuete V, Heydenreich M, Ndakala A, Irungu B, Yenesew A, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of isoflavones and biflavonoids from Ormocarpum kirkii towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152853. [PMID: 30836216 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While incidences of cancer are continuously increasing, drug resistance of malignant cells is observed towards almost all pharmaceuticals. Several isoflavonoids and flavonoids are known for their cytotoxicity towards various cancer cells. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of isoflavones: osajin (1), 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-6,8-diprenylisoflavone (2) and biflavonoids: chamaejasmin (3), 7,7″-di-O-methylchamaejasmin (4) and campylospermone A (5), a dimeric chromene [diphysin(6)] and an ester of ferullic acid with long alkyl chain [erythrinasinate (7)] isolated from the stem bark and roots of the Kenyan medicinal plant, Ormocarpum kirkii. The mode of action of compounds 2 and 4 was further investigated. METHODS The cytotoxicity of compounds was determined based on the resazurin reduction assay. Caspases activation was evaluated using the caspase-Glo assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle (propodium iodide (PI) staining), apoptosis (annexin V/PI staining), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (JC-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2DCFH-DA). CCRF-CEM leukemia cells were used as model cells for mechanistic studies. RESULTS Compounds 1, 2 and 4 displayed IC50 values below 20 µM towards CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells, and were further tested towards a panel of 7 carcinoma cells. The IC50 values of the compounds against carcinoma cells varied from 16.90 µM (in resistant U87MG.ΔEGFR glioblastoma cells) to 48.67 µM (against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells) for 1, from 7.85 µM (in U87MG.ΔEGFR cells) to 14.44 µM (in resistant MDA-MB231/BCRP breast adenocarcinoma cells) for 2, from 4.96 µM (towards U87MG.ΔEGFRcells) to 7.76 µM (against MDA-MB231/BCRP cells) for 4, and from 0.07 µM (against MDA-MB231 cells) to 2.15 µM (against HepG2 cells) for doxorubicin. Compounds 2 and 4 induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells mediated by MMP alteration and increased ROS production. CONCLUSION The present report indicates that isoflavones and biflavonoids from Ormocarpum kirkii are cytotoxic compounds with the potential of being exploited in cancer chemotherapy. Compounds 2 and 4 deserve further studies to develop new anticancer drugs to fight sensitive and resistant cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia A Adem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Stawdenger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Stawdenger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Stawdenger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Matthias Heydenreich
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, P.O. Box 60 15 53, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Albert Ndakala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Beatrice Irungu
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Stawdenger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Mbaveng AT, Fotso GW, Ngnintedo D, Kuete V, Ngadjui BT, Keumedjio F, Andrae-Marobela K, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of epunctanone and four other phytochemicals isolated from the medicinal plants Garcinia epunctata and Ptycholobium contortum towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 48:112-119. [PMID: 30195869 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resistance of cancer cells is a serious impediment to chemotherapy and several phytochemicals are active against multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes. The cytotoxicity of five naturally occurring compounds: betulin (1), mundulea lactone (2), seputhecarpan A (3), seputheisoflavone (4) and epunctanone (5) was evaluated on a panel of 9 cancer cell lines including various sensitive and drug-resistant cell lines. The modes of action of compound 5 were further investigated. METHODS The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity of samples and ferroptotic cell death induced by compound 5; caspase-Glo assay was used to detect the activation of caspases in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells treated with compound 5. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis in CCRF-CEM cells treated with compound 5, as well as detection of apoptotic cells by annexin V/PI staining, analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS Compounds 1-5 displayed cytotoxic effects in the 9 studied cancer cell lines with IC50 values below 70 µM. The IC50 values varied from 8.20 µM (in HCT116 (p53-/-) colon cancer cells) to 35.10 µM (against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells) for 1, from 8.84 µM (in CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells) to 48.99 µM (in MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma cells) for 2, from 12.17 µM (in CEM/ADR5000 cells) to 65.08 µM (in MDA-MB-231 cells) for 3, from 23.80 µM (in U87MG.ΔEGFR glioblastoma cells) to 68.66 µM (in HCT116 (p53-/-) cells) for 4, from 4.84 µM (in HCT116 (p53-/-) cells) to 13.12 µM (in HepG2 cells) for 5 and from 0.02 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 122.96 µM (in CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. Compound 5 induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells through alteration of MMP and increase in ROS production. In addition to apoptosis, ferroptosis was also identified as another mode of cell death induced by epunctanone. CONCLUSIONS Compounds 1-5 are valuable cytotoxic compounds that could be used to combat MDR cancer cells. Benzophenoe 5 is the most active molecule and deserve more investigations to develop new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Ghislain W Fotso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Dominique Ngnintedo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Bonaventure T Ngadjui
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Felix Keumedjio
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Kerstin Andrae-Marobela
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Block 235, Private Bag, 0022 Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Martin EF, Mbaveng AT, de Moraes MH, Kuete V, Biavatti MW, Steindel M, Efferth T, Sandjo LP. Prospecting for cytotoxic and antiprotozoal 4-aryl-4H
-chromenes and 10-aryldihydropyrano[2,3-f
]chromenes. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1800100. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erlon F. Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Armelle T. Mbaveng
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry; University of Dschang; Dschang Cameroon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - Milene H. de Moraes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Victor Kuete
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry; University of Dschang; Dschang Cameroon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - Maique W. Biavatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Mario Steindel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - Louis P. Sandjo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Brazil
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Mbaveng AT, Manekeng HT, Nguenang GS, Dzotam JK, Kuete V, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of 18 Cameroonian medicinal plants against drug sensitive and multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:21-33. [PMID: 29709646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Recommendations have been made stating that ethnopharmacological usages such as immune and skin disorders, inflammatory, infectious, parasitic and viral diseases should be taken into account if selecting plants for anticancer screening, since these reflect disease states bearing relevance to cancer or cancer-like symptoms. Cameroonian medicinal plants investigated in this work are traditionally used to treat cancer or ailments with relevance to cancer or cancer-like symptoms. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, 21 methanol extracts from 18 Cameroonian medicinal plants were tested in leukemia CCRF-CEM cells, and the best extracts were further tested on a panel of human cancer cell lines, including various multi-drug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. Mechanistic studies were performed with the three best extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity and ferroptotic effects of methanol extracts from different plants. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of extracts from Curcuma longa rhizomes (CLR), Lycopersicon esculentum leaves (LEL), and Psidium guajava bark (PGB). RESULTS In a pre-screening of all extracts, 13 out of 21 (61.9%) had IC50 values below 80 µg/mL. Six of these active extracts displayed IC50 values below 30 µg/mL: Cola pachycarpa leaves (CPL), Curcuma longa rhizomes (CLR), Lycopersicon esculentum leaves, Persea americana bark (PAB), Physalis peruviana twigs (PPT) and Psidium guajava bark (PGB). The best extracts displayed IC50 values from 6.25 µg/mL (against HCT116 p53-/-) to 10.29 µg/mL (towards breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231-BCRP cells) for CLR, from 9.64 µg/mL (against breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells) to 57.74 µg/mL (against HepG2 cells) for LEL and from 1.29 µg/mL (towards CEM/ADR5000 cells) to 62.64 µg/mL (towards MDA-MB-231 cells) for PGB. CLR and PGB induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells via caspases activation, MMP depletion and increase ROS production whilst LEL induced apoptosis mediated by caspases activation and increase ROS production. CONCLUSION The best botanicals tested were CLR and LEL, which are worth to be explored in more detail to fight cancers including MDR phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Hermione T Manekeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Gaelle S Nguenang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Joachim K Dzotam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Mbaveng AT, Ndontsa BL, Kuete V, Nguekeu YMM, Çelik İ, Mbouangouere R, Tane P, Efferth T. A naturally occuring triterpene saponin ardisiacrispin B displayed cytotoxic effects in multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells via ferroptotic and apoptotic cell death. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 43:78-85. [PMID: 29747757 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multidrug resistance of cancer cells constitutes a serious problem in chemotherapy and a challenging issue in the discovery of new cytotoxic drugs. Many saponins are known to display anti-cancer effects. In this study, the cytotoxicity and the modes of action of a naturally occuring oleanane-type tritepene saponin, ardisiacrispin B isolated from the fruit of Ardisia kivuensis Taton (Myrsinaceae) was evaluated on a panel of 9 cancer cell lines including various sensitive and drug-resistant phenotypes. METHODS Resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity and ferroptotic cell death of samples; caspase-Glo assay was used to detect the activation of caspases in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis and detection of apoptotic cells by annexin V/PI staining, analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS Ardisiacrispin B displayed significant cytotoxic effects in the 9 tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values below 10 µM. The IC50 values ranges were 1.20 µM (towards leukemia CCRF-CEM cells) to 6.76 µM [against heptocarcinoma HepG2 cells] for ardisiacrispin B and 0.02 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 122.96 µM (against resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells) for doxorubicin. Collateral sensitivity of resistant HCT116p53-/- colon adenocarcinoma cells to ardisiacripsin B was observed. Ardisiacrispin B induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells via activation of inititator caspases 8 and 9 and effector caspase 3/7, alteration of MMP and increase in ROS production. Ferroptosis also contributed to the cytotoxicity of ardisiacrispin B. CONCLUSIONS The studied oleanane-type triterpene saponin is a good cytotoxic molecule that deserve more detailed exploration in the future, to develop novel cytotoxic drugs to combat both sensitive and drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Blanche L Ndontsa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Yves M M Nguekeu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
| | - İlhami Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, Tepebaşı, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey
| | | | - Pierre Tane
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany.
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Kuete V, Ngnintedo D, Fotso GW, Karaosmanoğlu O, Ngadjui BT, Keumedjio F, Yeboah SO, Andrae-Marobela K, Sivas H. Cytotoxicity of seputhecarpan D, thonningiol and 12 other phytochemicals from African flora towards human carcinoma cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:36. [PMID: 29378558 PMCID: PMC5789597 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite the remarkable progress in cancer therapy in recent years, this disease still remains a serious public health concern. The use of natural products has been and continues to be one of the most effective ways to fight malignancies. The cytotoxicity of 14 compounds from African medicinal plants was evaluated in four human carcinoma cell lines and normal fibroblasts. The tested samples included: β-spinasterol (1), friedelanone (2), 16β-hydroxylupeol (3), β-amyrin acetate (4), lupeol acetate (5), sequoyitol (6), rhamnitrin (7), europetin 3-O-rhamnoside (8), thonningiol (9), glyasperin F (10), seputhecarpan B (11), seputhecarpan C (12), seputhecarpan D (13) and rheediaxanthone A (14). Methods The neutral red uptake (NR) assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of samples; caspase-Glo assay, flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as well as spectrophotometry to measure levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed to detect the mode of action of compounds 9 and 13 in MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells. Results Compounds 3, 9–13 displayed cytotoxic effects against the four tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values below 85 μM. Compounds 9 and 13 had IC50 values below 10 μM in 4/4 and 3/4 tested cell lines respectively. The IC50 values varied from 0.36 μM (against MCF7 cells) to 5.65 μM (towards colon carcinoma DLD-1 cells) for 9, from 9.78 μM (against MCF7 cells) to 67.68 μM (against HepG2 cells) for 13 and 0.18 μM (towards HepG2 cells) to 72 μM (towards Caco-2 cells) for the reference drug, doxorubicin. Compounds 9 and 13 induced cell cycle arrest in Go/G1 whilst doxorubicin induced arrest in G2/M. The two molecules (9 and 13) also induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through activation of caspases 3/7 and 9 as well as enhanced ROS production. Conclusion Compounds 9 and 13 are good cytotoxic phytochemicals that should be explored more in future to develop a cytotoxic drug to fight human carcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2109-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kuete V, Mbaveng AT, Sandjo LP, Zeino M, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity and mode of action of a naturally occurring naphthoquinone, 2-acetyl-7-methoxynaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-quinone towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 33:62-68. [PMID: 28887921 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignacies are still a major public concern worldwide and despite the intensive search of new chemotherapeutic agents, treatment still remains a challenging issue. The present study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of 2-acetyl-7-methoxynaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-quinone (AMNQ) isolated from the bark of Milletia versicolor towards a panel of drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines. METHODS The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of AMNQ against 9 drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines. Cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and levels of reactive oxygen species were all analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Following resazurin assay, the naphthoquinone AMNQ displayed IC50 values ranging from 0.79 µM (against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells) to 3.26 µM (against MDA-MB231/BCRP breast cancer cells) on 9 tested cancer cell lines, whilst doxorubicin showed IC50 values ranging from 0.40 µM (against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 91.37 µM (against CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells). IC50 values below 1 µM were recorded with AMNQ towards CCRF-CEM cells (0.57 µM), U87MG.ΔEGFR gliobastoma multiforme cells (0.96 µM cells) and HepG2 cells (0.76 µM). Compared to its corresponding sensitive cell lines U87MG, sensitivity was observed in epidermal growth factor receptor-transfected U87MG.ΔEGFR cells to AMNQ. MMP was found to be the main mode of action of induction of apoptosis by AMNQ. CONCLUSIONS The results of this work demonstrate the cytotoxicity of AMNQ towards various types of cancer cell lines, including MDR phenotypes. AMNQ is a potential antiproliferative natural compound that deserves more investigations to develop novel cytotoxic drugs against sensitive and MDR cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Louis P Sandjo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Maen Zeino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Lin Y, Kuang Y, Li K, Wang S, Song W, Qiao X, Sabir G, Ye M. Screening for bioactive natural products from a 67-compound library of Glycyrrhiza inflata. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3706-3713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Mbaveng AT, Kuete V, Efferth T. Potential of Central, Eastern and Western Africa Medicinal Plants for Cancer Therapy: Spotlight on Resistant Cells and Molecular Targets. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:343. [PMID: 28626426 PMCID: PMC5454075 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major health hurdle worldwide and has moved from the third leading cause of death in the year 1990 to second place after cardiovascular disease since 2013. Chemotherapy is one of the most widely used treatment modes; however, its efficiency is limited due to the resistance of cancer cells to cytotoxic agents. The present overview deals with the potential of the flora of Central, Eastern and Western African (CEWA) regions as resource for anticancer drug discovery. It also reviews the molecular targets of phytochemicals of these plants such as ABC transporters, namely P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multi drug-resistance-related proteins (MRPs), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) as well as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB-1/HER1), human tumor suppressor protein p53, caspases, mitochondria, angiogenesis, and components of MAP kinase signaling pathways. Plants with the ability to preferentially kills resistant cancer cells were also reported. Data compiled in the present document were retrieved from scientific websites such as PubMed, Scopus, Sciencedirect, Web-of-Science, and Scholar Google. In summary, plant extracts from CEWA and isolated compounds thereof exert cytotoxic effects by several modes of action including caspases activation, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells and inhibition of angiogenesis. Ten strongest cytotoxic plants from CEWA recorded following in vitro screening assays are: Beilschmiedia acuta Kosterm, Echinops giganteus var. lelyi (C. D. Adams) A. Rich., Erythrina sigmoidea Hua (Fabaceae), Imperata cylindrical Beauv. var. koenigii Durand et Schinz, Nauclea pobeguinii (Pobég. ex Pellegr.) Merr. ex E.M.A., Piper capense L.f., Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms., Uapaca togoensis Pax., Vepris soyauxii Engl. and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. Prominent antiproliferative compounds include: isoquinoline alkaloid isotetrandrine (51), two benzophenones: guttiferone E (26) and isoxanthochymol (30), the isoflavonoid 6α-hydroxyphaseollidin (9), the naphthyl butenone guieranone A (25), two naphthoquinones: 2-acetylfuro-1,4-naphthoquinone (4) and plumbagin (37) and xanthone V1 (46). However, only few research activities in the African continent focus on cytotoxic drug discovery from botanicals. The present review is expected to stimulate further scientific efforts to better valorize the African flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T. Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of DschangDschang, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of DschangDschang, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
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Schirmeister T, Oli S, Wu H, Della Sala G, Costantino V, Seo EJ, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of Endoperoxides from the Caribbean Sponge Plakortis halichondrioides towards Sensitive and Multidrug-Resistant Leukemia Cells: Acids vs. Esters Activity Evaluation. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15030063. [PMID: 28273803 PMCID: PMC5367020 DOI: 10.3390/md15030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 6-epimer of the plakortide H acid (1), along with the endoperoxides plakortide E (2), plakortin (3), and dihydroplakortin (4) have been isolated from a sample of the Caribbean sponge Plakortis halichondrioides. To perform a comparative study on the cytotoxicity towards the drug-sensitive leukemia CCRF-CEM cell line and its multi-drug resistant subline CEM/ADR5000, the acid of plakortin, namely plakortic acid (5), as well as the esters plakortide E methyl ester (6) and 6-epi-plakortide H (7) were synthesized by hydrolysis and Steglich esterification, respectively. The data obtained showed that the acids (1, 2, 5) exhibited potent cytotoxicity towards both cell lines, whereas the esters showed no activity (6, 7) or weaker activity (3, 4) compared to their corresponding acids. Plakortic acid (5) was the most promising derivative with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of ca. 0.20 µM for both cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Swarna Oli
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Gerardo Della Sala
- The NeaNat Group, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Valeria Costantino
- The NeaNat Group, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Ean-Jeong Seo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Sak K, Everaus H. Established Human Cell Lines as Models to Study Anti-leukemic Effects of Flavonoids. Curr Genomics 2016; 18:3-26. [PMID: 28503087 PMCID: PMC5321770 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803165447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive work on pathological mechanisms and some recent advances in the treatment of different hematological malignancies, leukemia continues to present a significant challenge being frequently considered as incurable disease. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic agents with high efficacy and low toxicity is urgently needed to improve the overall survival rate of patients. In this comprehensive review article, the current knowledge about the anticancer activities of flavonoids as plant secondary polyphenolic metabolites in the most commonly used human established leukemia cell lines (HL-60, NB4, KG1a, U937, THP-1, K562, Jurkat, CCRF- CEM, MOLT-3, and MOLT-4) is compiled, revealing clear anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, cell cycle arresting, and differentiation inducing effects for certain compounds. Considering the low toxicity of these substances in normal blood cells, the presented data show a great potential of flavonoids to be developed into novel anti-leukemia agents applicable also in the malignant cells resistant to the current conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hele Everaus
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Kuete V, Dzotam JK, Voukeng IK, Fankam AG, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of Annona muricata, Passiflora edulis and nine other Cameroonian medicinal plants towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cell lines. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1666. [PMID: 27730025 PMCID: PMC5039145 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells rapidly acquire resistance leading to treatment failures. In the present study, we have evaluated the cytotoxicity of 17 methanol extracts from 11 Cameroonian medicinal plants against the sensitive leukemia CCRF-CEM cells and the best ones were further tested on a panel of 8 other human cancer cell lines, including various MDR phenotypes as well as against the normal AML12 hepatocytes. METHODS The cytotoxicity of the extracts was determined using a resazurin reduction assay meanwhile flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species. RESULTS In an initial screening using leukemia CCRF-CEM cells, ten extracts from five plants namely Alchornea floribunda, Annona muricata, Euphorbia prostata, Pachypodanthium staudtii and Passiflora edulis displayed IC50 values below 20 µg/mL. They were further tested in 8 other cell lines as well as in normal AML12 hepatocytes. All selected extracts were active against leukemia CEM/ADR5000 cells with IC50 value below 40 µg/mL. IC50 values ranging from 10.13 µg/mL (towards CEM/ADR5000 cells) to 72.01 µg/mL [towards resistant colon carcinoma HCT116 (p53-/-) cells] for Pachypodanthium staudtii roots and from 0.11 µg/mL (towards CCRF-CEM cells) to 108 µg/mL (towards P-glycoprotein-over-expressing CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin were obtained in the eight other cancer cell lines studied. Extracts from Annona muricata leaves (AML) and seeds (AMS), and Passiflora edulis fruit (PEF) had IC50 values below 1 µg/mL against CCRF-CEM cells and below 10 µg/mL against its MDR subline CEM/ADR5000 cells. AML, AMS and PEF induced MMP-loss-mediated apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study suggest that some of the tested plants namely Alchornea floribunda, Annona muricata, Euphorbia prostata, Pachypodanthium staudtii and Passiflora edulis represent a source of anticancer drugs. Annona muricata and Passiflora edulis are good cytotoxic plants that could be exploited to develop phytomedicine to fight mostly hematological cancers including MDR phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Joachim K. Dzotam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Igor K. Voukeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Aimé G. Fankam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Teng Y, Li X, Yang K, Li X, Zhang Z, Wang L, Deng Z, Song B, Yan Z, Zhang Y, Lu K, Yu P. Synthesis and antioxidant evaluation of desmethylxanthohumol analogs and their dimers. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:335-345. [PMID: 27688188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Four ring-closed analogs of natural prenylated chalcone desmethylxanthohumol (1) and their dimers were synthesized from the commercially available 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one in five and six linear steps, respectively. The structures of the eight new derivatives were confirmed using1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The antioxidant activity of the new chalcone derivatives were evaluated in a PC12 cell model of H2O2-induced oxidative damage. The SAR studies suggested that the catechol motif was essential for the antioxidant activity. Moreover, the dimers showed better antioxidant activity than their corresponding monomers did. Among them, compound 14d was the most potent and increased PC12 cell viability from 25% to 85%. Flow cytometric analysis showed that compound 14d, the most potent compound, decreased the apoptotic PC12 cell percentage and significantly reduced the LDH release and 8-OHdG generation but increased the GSH levels in H2O2-treated PC12 cells. Furthermore, compound 14d had a higher FRAP value than that of gallic acid. It also reduced the stable ABTS+ free radical with a lower EC50 than that of gallic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuou Teng
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xuzhe Li
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Ke Yang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xuehui Li
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zhijie Deng
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Binbin Song
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zhihong Yan
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire UMR CNRS 8232, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Kui Lu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Peng Yu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Kuete V, Tchinda CF, Mambe FT, Beng VP, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of 10 Cameroonian medicinal plants towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cell lines. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:267. [PMID: 27484842 PMCID: PMC4970256 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Cancer chemotherapy is still hampered by clinical failures due to multi-drug resistance (MDR) of tumor cells. In the present study, we have investigated the cytotoxicity of 20 methanol extracts from 10 medicinal plants against the sensitive leukemia CCRF-CEM cells. The most cytotoxic extracts were then further tested on a panel of 8 human cancer cell lines, including various MDR phenotypes. Methods The cytotoxicity of the 20 methanol extracts from 10 Cameroonian medicinal plants was determined using a resazurin reduction assay. Meanwhile, flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results In the preliminary assay using CCRF-CEM cells, 12 extracts from five plants displayed IC50 values below 80 μg/mL, namely Albizia adianthifolia, Alchornea cordifolia, Alchornea laxiflora, Pennisetum purpureum, and Spathodea campanulata. the four best extracts were from two plants: Albizia adianthifolia roots (AAR) and bark (AAB) as well as Alchornea cordifolia leaves (ACL) and bark (ACB) had respective IC50 values of 0.98 μg/mL, 1.45 μg/mL, 8.02 μg/mL and 12.57 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM cells. They were further tested in 8 other cell lines as well as in normal AML12 hepatocytes. IC50 values ranging from 2.71 μg/mL (towards glioblastoma U87MG.ΔEGFR cells) to 10.30 μg/mL (towards breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231-BCRP cells) for AAB, from 3.43 μg/mL (towards U87MG cells) to 10.77 μg/mL (towards colon carcinoma HCT116 (p53−/−) cells) for AAR and from 0.11 μg/mL (towards CCRF-CEM cells) to 108 μg/mL (towards leukemia CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin (as control drug) were obtained. ACL and ACB extracts displayed selective activities. AAR and ACL extracts induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells, through caspases activation and loss of MMP, while apoptotic cell death was mediated by MMP diruption and increase ROS production for ACL. Conclusion Some of the tested plants namely Albizia adianthifolia, Alchornea cordifolia, Alchornea laxiflora, Pennisetum purpureum, Spathodea campanulata represent a potential source of novel anticancer drugs. Especially, Albizia adianthifolia and Alchornea cordifolia revealed considerable cytotoxic activities that could be exploited to develop phytomedicines to fight cancers including MDR phenotypes.
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Cursino LMC, Lima NM, Murillo R, Nunez CV, Merfort I, Humar M. Isolation of Flavonoids from Deguelia duckeana and Their Effect on Cellular Viability, AMPK, eEF2, eIF2 and eIF4E. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21020192. [PMID: 26861281 PMCID: PMC6274060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparations of Deguelia duckeana, known in Brazil as timbó, are used by indigenous people to kill fish. Reinvestigation of its extracts resulted in the isolation and identification of 11 known flavonoids identified as 3,5,4’-trimethoxy-4-prenylstilbene (1), 4-methoxyderricidine (2), lonchocarpine (3), 4-hydroxylonchocarpine (4), 4-methoxylonchocarpine (5), 5-hydroxy-4’,7-dimethoxy-6-prenylflavanone (6), 4’-hydroxyisolonchocarpine (7), 4’-methoxyisolonchocarpine (8), 3’,4’,7-trimethoxyflavone (9), 3’,4’-methylenedioxy-7-methoxyflavone (10), and 2,2-dimethyl-chromone-5,4’-hydroxy-5’-methoxyflavone (11). Except for 1, 3, and 4 all of these flavonoids have been described for the first time in D. duckeana and the flavanone 6 for the first time in nature. Compounds 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, and 10 were studied for their potential to induce cell death in neuronal SK-N-SH cells. Only the chalcone 4 and the flavanone 7 significantly induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, which was accompanied by activation of caspase-3 and impairment of energy homeostasis in the MTT assay and may explain the killing effect on fish. Interestingly, the flavone 10 reduced cell metabolism in the MTT assay without inducing cytotoxicity in the LDH assay. Furthermore, the flavonoids 2, 3, 4, 7, and 10 induced phosphorylation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2). The initiation factor eIF4E was dephosphorylated in the presence of these compounds. The initiation factor eIF2alpha was not affected. Further studies are needed to elucidate the importance of the observed effects on protein synthesis and potential therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena M C Cursino
- Bioprospecting and Biotechnology Lab, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus 69067-375, Brazil.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany.
| | - Nerilson M Lima
- Bioprospecting and Biotechnology Lab, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus 69067-375, Brazil.
| | - Renato Murillo
- Escuela de Química and CIPRONA, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica.
| | - Cecilia V Nunez
- Bioprospecting and Biotechnology Lab, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus 69067-375, Brazil.
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany.
| | - Matjaz Humar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany.
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Kuete V, Mbaveng AT, Zeino M, Fozing CD, Ngameni B, Kapche GDWF, Ngadjui BT, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of three naturally occurring flavonoid derived compounds (artocarpesin, cycloartocarpesin and isobavachalcone) towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:1096-1102. [PMID: 26547532 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer remains an aggressive deadly disease, if drug resistance develops. This problem is aggravated by the fact that multiple rather than single mechanisms are involved in resistance and that multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomena cause inefficacy of many clinical established anticancer drugs. We are seeking for novel cytotoxic phytochemicals to combat drug-resistant tumour cells. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of three naturally occurring flavonoids including two flavones artocarpesin (1) and cycloartocarpesin (2) and one chalcone, isobavachalcone (3) against 9 drug-sensitive and MDR cancer cell lines. The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these compounds, whilst caspase-Glo assay was used to detect caspase activation. Cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were all analysed via flow cytometry. RESULTS Flavones 1 and 2 as well as chalcone 3 displayed cytotoxic effects at various extent on all the 9 tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values respectively below 106 µM, 50 µM and 25 µM. The IC50 values for the three investigational flavonoids ranged from 23.95 µM (towards hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells) to 105 µM [towards colon carcinoma HCT116 (p53(-/-)) cells] for 1, from 15.51 µM (towards leukemia CCRF-CEM cells) to 49.83 µM [towards glioblastoma U87MG.ΔEGFR cells] for 2 and from 2.30 µM (towards CCRF-CEM cells) to 23.80 µM [towards colon carcinoma HCT116 (p53(+/+)) cells] for 3 and from 0.20 µM (towards CCRF-CEM cells) to 195.12 µM (towards leukemia CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. Compounds 2 and 3 induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells, mediated by caspase activation and the disruption of MMP. CONCLUSIONS The three tested flavonoids and mostly chalcone 3 are potential cytotoxic natural products that deserve more investigations to develop novel antineoplastic drugs against multifactorial drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Maen Zeino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian D Fozing
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bathelemy Ngameni
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Bonaventure T Ngadjui
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Ooko E, Saeed MEM, Kadioglu O, Sarvi S, Colak M, Elmasaoudi K, Janah R, Greten HJ, Efferth T. Artemisinin derivatives induce iron-dependent cell death (ferroptosis) in tumor cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:1045-54. [PMID: 26407947 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis and other forms of cell death have been intensively investigated in the past years to explain the mode of action of synthetic anticancer drugs and natural products. Recently, a new form of cell death emerged, which was termed ferroptosis, because it depends on intracellular iron. Here, the role of genes involved in iron metabolism and homeostasis for the cytotoxicity of ten artemisinin derivatives have been systematically investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Log10IC50 values of 10 artemisinin derivatives (artesunate, artemether, arteether, artenimol, artemisitene, arteanuin B, another monomeric artemisinin derivative and three artemisinin dimer molecules) were correlated to the microarray-based mRNA expression of 30 iron-related genes in 60 cell lines of the National Cancer Institute (NCI, USA) as determined in 218 different microarray hybridization experiments. The effect of desferoxamine and ferrostatin-1 on the cytotoxicity of artenimol of CCRF-CEM cells was determined by resazurin assays. The mRNA expression of TFRC was exemplarily validated by immunohistochemical detection of transferrin receptor protein expression. RESULTS The mRNA expression of 20 genes represented by 59 different cDNA clones significantly correlated to the log10IC50 values for the artemisinins, including genes encoding transferrin (TF), transferrin receptors 1 and 2 (TFRC, TFR2), cerulopasmin (CP), lactoferrin (LTF) and others. The ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 and the iron chelator deferoxamine led to a significantly reduced cytotoxicity of artenimol, indicating ferroptosis as cell death mode. CONCLUSION The numerous iron-related genes, whose expression correlated with the response to artemisinin derivatives speak in factor for the relevance of iron for the cytotoxic activity of these compounds. Treatment with ferroptosis-inducing agents such as artemisinin derivatives represents an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. Pre-therapeutic determination of iron-related genes may indicate tumor sensitivity to artemisinins. Ferroptosis induced by artemisinin-type drugs deserve further investigation for individualized tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Ooko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shabnam Sarvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Merve Colak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaoutar Elmasaoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rabab Janah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Henry J Greten
- Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal, and Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal, and Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Kuete V, Sandjo LP, Mbaveng AT, Seukep JA, Ngadjui BT, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of selected Cameroonian medicinal plants and Nauclea pobeguinii towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:309. [PMID: 26341728 PMCID: PMC4559964 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Malignacies are still a major public concern worldwide and despite the intensive search for new chemotherapeutic agents, treatment still remains a challenging issue. This work was designed to assess the cytotoxicity of six selected Cameroonian medicinal plants, including Nauclea pobeguinii and its constituents 3-acetoxy-11-oxo-urs-12-ene (1), p-coumaric acid (2), citric acid trimethyl ester (3), resveratrol (4), resveratrol β-D-glucopyranoside (5) and strictosamide (6), against 8 drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines. Methods The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the crude extracts and compounds, whilst column chromatography was used to isolate the constituents of Nauclea pobeguinii. Structural characterization of isolated compounds was performed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data. Results Preliminary experiments on leukemia CCRF-CEM cells at 40 μg/mL showed that the leaves and bark extracts from Tragia benthamii, Canarium schweinfurthii, Myrianthus arboreus, Dischistocalyx grandifolius and Fagara macrophylla induced more than 50 % growth of this cell line contrary to the leaves and bark extracts of N. pobeguinii. IC50 values below or around 30 μg/mL were obtained with leaves and bark extracts of N. pobeguinii towards two and five, respectively, of the 8 tested cancer cell lines. The lowest IC50 value was obtained with the bark extract of N. pobeguinii against HCT116 (p53−/−) colon cancer cells (8.70 μg/mL). Compounds 4 and 6 displayed selective activity on leukemia and carcinoma cells, whilst 1–3 were not active. IC50 values below 100 μM were recorded with compound 5 on all 9 tested cancer cell lines as well as with 4 against 7 out of 8 and 6 against 2 out of 8 cell lines. Collateral sensitivity was observed in CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells, MDA-MB-231-BCRP breast adenocarcinoma cells (0.53-fold), HCT116 (p53+/+) cells, human U87MG.ΔEGFR glioblastome multiforme cells to the methanolic bark extract of N. pobeguinii, as well as in MDA-MB-231-BCRP cells and HCT116 (p53+/+) cells and U87MG.ΔEGFR cells (0.86-fold) to compound 5. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate the cytotoxicity of six Cameroonian medicinal plants, Canarium schweinfurthii, Dischistocalyx grandifolius, Tragia benthamii, Fagara macrophylla, Myrianthus arboreus and Nauclea pobeguinii. We also demonstrated the antiproliferative potential of Nauclea pobeguinii against drug-resistant cancer cell lines. Resveratrol and its glucoside are the major cytotoxic constituents in the bark of Nauclea pobeguinii. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0841-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kuete V, Mbaveng AT, Zeino M, Ngameni B, Kapche GDWF, Kouam SF, Ngadjui BT, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of two naturally occurring flavonoids (dorsmanin F and poinsettifolin B) towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:737-43. [PMID: 26141760 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The expression of diverse resistance mechanisms in cancer cells is one of the major barriers to successful cancer chemotherapy. METHODS In the present study, we assessed the cytotoxicity of two naturally occurring flavonoids dorsmanin F (1, a flavanone) and poinsettifolin B (2, a chalcone) against 9 drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines. The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these compounds, whilst caspase-Glo assay was used to detect caspase activation. Cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were all analysed via flow cytometry. RESULTS Compounds 1 and 2 displayed cytotoxic effects with IC50 values below 34 µM in all the 9 tested cancer cell lines. The IC50 values for flavanone 1 and chalcone 2 ranged from 5.34 µM and 1.94 µM (towards leukaemia CCRF-CEM cells) to 33.30 µM and 28.92 µM (towards MDA-MB-231-BCRP cells), respectively, and from 0.20 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 195.12 µM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. The compounds induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM leukaemia cells, mediated by MMP disruption and increased ROS production. CONCLUSIONS Dorsmain F and poinsettifolin B are potential cytotoxic natural products that deserve more investigations to develop novel antineoplastic drugs against multifactorial drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany ; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Maen Zeino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bathelemy Ngameni
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Simeon F Kouam
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bonaventure T Ngadjui
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany .
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African flora has the potential to fight multidrug resistance of cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:914813. [PMID: 25961047 PMCID: PMC4413252 DOI: 10.1155/2015/914813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Continuous efforts from scientists of diverse fields are necessary not only to better understand the mechanism by which multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells occur, but also to boost the discovery of new cytotoxic compounds to fight MDR phenotypes. Objectives. The present review reports on the contribution of African flora in the discovery of potential cytotoxic phytochemicals against MDR cancer cells. Methodology. Scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge were used to retrieve publications related to African plants, isolated compounds, and drug resistant cancer cells. The data were analyzed to highlight cytotoxicity and the modes of actions of extracts and compounds of the most prominent African plants. Also, thresholds and cutoff points for the cytotoxicity and modes of action of phytochemicals have been provided. Results. Most published data related to the antiproliferative potential of African medicinal plants were from Cameroon, Egypt, Nigeria, or Madagascar. The cytotoxicity of phenolic compounds isolated in African plants was generally much better documented than that of terpenoids and alkaloids. Conclusion. African flora represents an enormous resource for novel cytotoxic compounds. To unravel the full potential, efforts should be strengthened throughout the continent, to meet the challenge of a successful fight against MDR cancers.
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Kuete V, Nkuete AHL, Mbaveng AT, Wiench B, Wabo HK, Tane P, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity and modes of action of 4'-hydroxy-2',6'-dimethoxychalcone and other flavonoids toward drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1651-1657. [PMID: 25442273 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resistance of cancer to chemotherapy is a main cause in treatment failure. Naturally occurring chalcones possess a wide range of biological activities including anti-cancer effects. In this work, we evaluated the antiproliferative activity of three chalcones [4'-hydroxy-2',6'-dimethoxychalcone (1), cardamomin (2), 2',4'-dihydroxy-3',6'-dimethoxychalcone (3)], and four flavanones [(S)-(-)-pinostrobin (4), (S)-(-)-onysilin (5) and alpinetin (6)] toward nine cancer cell lines amongst which were multidrug resistant (MDR) types. METHODS The resazurin reduction assay was used to detect the antiproliferative activity of the studied samples whilst flow cytometry for the mechanistic studies of the most active molecule (1). RESULTS IC50 values in a range of 2.54 μM against CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells to 58.63 μM toward hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells were obtained with 1. The lowest IC50 values of 8.59 μM for 2 and 10.67 μM for 3 were found against CCRF-CEM cells leukemia cells, whilst the corresponding values were above 80 μM for 4 and 6. P-glycoprotein-expressing and multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells were much more sensitive toward compound 1 than toward doxorubicin and low cross-resistance or even collateral sensitivity was observed in other drug-resistent cell lines to this compound. Normal liver AML12 cells were more resistant to the studied compounds than HepG2 liver cancer cells, indicating tumor specificity at least to some extent. Compound 1 arrested the cell cycle between Go/G1 phase, strongly induced apoptosis via disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the studied leukemia cell line. CONCLUSIONS Chalcone 1 was the best tested cytotoxic molecule and further studies will be performed in order to envisage its possible use in the fight against multifactorial resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Antoine H L Nkuete
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Benjamin Wiench
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hippolyte K Wabo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Tane
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Asegbeloyin JN, Ujam OT, Okafor EC, Babahan I, Coban EP, Özmen A, Biyik H. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of N (')-[(Z)-(3-Methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene)(phenyl)methyl]benzohydrazide and Its Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) Complexes. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2014; 2014:718175. [PMID: 25332694 PMCID: PMC4181943 DOI: 10.1155/2014/718175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaction of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-pyrazol-5-one and benzoyl hydrazide in refluxing ethanol gave N (')-[(Z)-(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene)(phenyl)methyl]benzohydrazide (HL(1)), which was characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray structure study. X-ray diffraction analyses of the crystals revealed a nonplanar molecule, existing in the keto-amine form, with intermolecular hydrogen bonding forming a seven-membered ring system. The reaction of HL(1) with Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) halides gave the corresponding complexes, which were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic measurements, and infrared and electronic spectral studies. The compounds were screened for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells and antimicrobial activity against some bacteria and yeasts. Results showed that the compounds are potent against HL-60 cells with the IC50 value ≤5 μM, while some of the compounds were active against few studied Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonnie N. Asegbeloyin
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Oguejiofo T. Ujam
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel C. Okafor
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ilknur Babahan
- Department of Chemistry, Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Aydin, Turkey
| | | | - Ali Özmen
- Department of Biology, Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Aydin, Turkey
| | - Halil Biyik
- Department of Biology, Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Aydin, Turkey
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Noysang C, Mahringer A, Zeino M, Saeed M, Luanratana O, Fricker G, Bauer R, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity and inhibition of P-glycoprotein by selected medicinal plants from Thailand. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:633-641. [PMID: 24929106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Thai medicine has a long tradition of tonifying medicinal plants. In the present investigation, we studied the flower extracts of Jasminum sambac, Mammea siamensis, Mesua ferrea, Michelia alba, Mimusops elengi, and Nelumbo nucifera and speculated that these plants might influence metabolism and substance flow in the body. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolation of porcine brain capillary endothelial cells (PBCECs) as well as multidrug-resistance CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells, MDA-M;B-231 breast cancer, U-251 brain tumor, and HCT-116 colon cancer cells were used. The calcein-acetoxymethylester (AM) assay was used to measure inhibition of P-glycoprotein transport. XTT and resazurin assays served for measuring cytotoxicity. RESULTS The extracts revealed cytotoxicity towards CCRF-CEM leukemia cells to a different extent. The strongest growth inhibition was found for the n-hexane extracts of Mammea siamensis and Mesua ferrea, and the dichloromethane extracts of Mesua ferrea and Michelia alba. The flower extracts also inhibited P-glycoprotein function in porcine brain capillary endothelial cells and CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells, indicating modulation of the blood-brain barrier and multidrug resistance of tumors. Bioactivity-guided isolation of coumarins from Mammea siamensis flowers revealed considerable cytotoxicity of mammea A/AA, deacetylmammea E/BA and deacetylmammea E/BB towards human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer, U-251 brain tumor, HCT-116 colon cancer, and CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. CONCLUSION The plants analyzed may be valuable in developing novel treatment strategies to overcome the blood-brain barrier and multidrug-resistance in tumor cells mediated by P-glycoprotein.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects
- Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
- Brain/blood supply
- Brain/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Flowers
- Humans
- Medicine, East Asian Traditional
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Swine
- Thailand
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanai Noysang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology Thayaburi, Phathumthani, Thailand
| | - Anne Mahringer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maen Zeino
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed Saeed
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Omboon Luanratana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Kuete V, Sandjo LP, Djeussi DE, Zeino M, Kwamou GMN, Ngadjui B, Efferth T. Cytotoxic flavonoids and isoflavonoids from Erythrina sigmoidea towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2014; 32:1053-62. [PMID: 25034000 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Continuous efforts from scientists of diverse fields are necessary not only to better understand the mechanism by which multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells occur, but also to boost the discovery of new cytotoxic compounds. This work was designed to assess the cytotoxicity and the mechanism of action of flavonoids abyssinone IV (1), atalantoflavone (3) and neocyclomorusin (6) and isoflavonoids sigmoidin I (2), sophorapterocarpan A (4), bidwillon A (5) and 6α-hydroxyphaseollidin (7) isolated from Erythrina sigmoidea against nine drug sensitive and multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines. METHODS The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the studied compounds whilst caspase-Glo assay was used to detect the activation of caspases enzymes by 1, 2, 4 and 7. Cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential and levels of reactive oxygen species were all analyzed via flow cytometry. RESULTS The pterocarpan isoflavonoid 7 displayed the best antiproliferative activity with the IC50 values below 10 μM obtained on the nine tested cancer cell lines. The IC50 values below 50 μM were also recorded with compounds 1, 2 and 4 against the nine cancer cell lines whilst 3, 5 and 6 showed selective activities. The IC50 values varied from 14.43 μM (against MDA-MB-231-pcDNA cells) to 20.65 μM [towards HCT116 (p53(+/+)) cells] for compound 1, from 4.24 μM (towards CCRF-CEM cells) to 30.98 μM (towards MDA-MB-231-BCRP cells) for 2, from 3.73 μM (towards CCRF-CEM cells) to 14.81 μM (against U87MG.ΔEGFR cells) for 4, from 3.36 μM (towards CCRF-CEM cells) to 6.44 μM (against HepG2 cells) for 7, and from 0.20 μM (against CCRF-CEM cells) and 195.12 μM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) for the positive control drug, doxorubicin. Compared to their corresponding sensitive cell lines, collateral sensitivity was observed with HCT116 (p53(-/-)) to 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7 and with U87MG.ΔEGFR to 1 to 6. Compound 7 induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells mediated by the activation of caspases 3/7, 8 and 9 and breakdown of MMP and increase in ROS production, whereas the apoptotic process induced by 1, 2 and 4 was mediated by the loss of MMP as well as increase in ROS production. CONCLUSIONS Compounds from Erythrina sigmoidea and mostly 6α-hydroxyphaseollidin are potential antiproliferative natural products that deserve more investigations to develop novel anticancer drugs against sensitive and otherwise drug-resistant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Naphthoquinone is a class of phenolic compounds derived from naphthalene. 7-Methyljuglone (7-MJ) is a naphthoquinone also known as ramentaceone or 6-Methyl-8-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone or 5-Hydroxy-7-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone or 7-Methyl-5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone or 5-Hydroxy-7-methyl-,1,4-naphtoquinone or 7-Methyl-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione. This compound is a biologically active naphtoquinone, with a molecular weight of 188 g/mol mostly isolated in the genus Diospyros and Euclea. OBJECTIVES This review was aimed at providing available chemically and pharmacological data on 7-MJ. METHODS The chemical and pharmacological data were retrieved from the well-known scientific websites such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, Reaxys, Scirus, Scopus, Sciencedirect, Web-of-knowledge and Scifinder. RESULTS 7-MJ was reported to have a variety of pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. The hemi-synthesis of the compound have been described. CONCLUSIONS The present review pooled out together the knowledge on 7-MJ, and can serve as the start point for future research and valorization accomplishments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
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Kuete V, Tchakam PD, Wiench B, Ngameni B, Wabo HK, Tala MF, Moungang ML, Ngadjui BT, Murayama T, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity and modes of action of four naturally occuring benzophenones: 2,2',5,6'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, guttiferone E, isogarcinol and isoxanthochymol. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:528-536. [PMID: 23507522 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The emergence of drug-resistant cancer cells drastically reduces the efficacy of many antineoplasic agents and, consequently, increases the frequency of therapeutic failure. Benzophenones are known to display many pharmacological properties including cytotoxic activities. The present study was aimed at investigating the cytotoxicity and the modes of action of four naturally occurring benzophenones 2,2',5,6'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (1), isogarcinol (2), isoxanthochymol (3) and guttiferone E (4) on a panel of eleven cancer cell lines including various sensitive and drug-resistant phenotypes. METHODS The cytotoxicity of the compounds was determined using a resazurin reduction assay, whereas the caspase-Glo assay was used to detect the activation of caspases 3/7, caspase 8 and caspase 9 in cells treated with compounds 2-4. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis and detection of apoptotic cells, analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as well as measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS The four tested benzophenones inhibited the proliferation of all tested cancer cell lines including sensitive and drug-resistant phenotypes. Collateral sensitivity of cancer cells to compounds 1-4 was generally better than to doxorubicin. Compound 2 showed the best activity with IC50 values below or around 1 μM against HCT116 colon carcinoma cells (p53+/+) (0.86 μM) and leukemia CCRF-CEM (1.38 μM) cell lines. Compounds 2-4 strongly induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells via caspases 3/7, caspase 8 and caspase 9 activation and disruption of MMP. CONCLUSIONS The studied benzophenones are cytotoxic compounds that deserve more detailed exploration in the future, to develop novel anticancer drugs against sensitive and otherwise drug-resistant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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