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Bo S, Chang SK, Chen Y, Sheng Z, Jiang Y, Yang B. The structure characteristics, biosynthesis and health benefits of naturally occurring rare flavonoids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2490-2512. [PMID: 36123801 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2124396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rare flavonoids, a special subclass of naturally occurring flavonoids with diverse structures including pterocarpans, aurones, neoflavonoids, homoisoflavones, diphenylpropanes, rotenoids and 2-phenylethyl-chromones. They are mainly found in legumes with numerous health benefits. Rare flavonoids are regarded as minor flavonoids due to their very limited abundance in nature. This review gives an overview of the natural occurrences of rare flavonoids from previous literatures. Recent findings on the biosynthesis of rare flavonoids have been updated by describing their structural characteristics and classifications. Recent findings on the health benefits of rare flavonoids have also been compiled and discussed. Natural rare flavonoids with various characteristics from different subclasses from plant-based food sources are stated. They show a wide range of health benefits, including antibacterial, anticancer, anti-osteoporosis and antiviral activities. Studies reviewed suggest that rare flavonoids possessing different skeletons demonstrate different characteristic bioactivities by discussing their mechanism of actions and structure-activity relationships. Besides, recent advances on the biosynthesis of rare flavonoids, such as pterocarpans, rotenoids and aurones are well-known, while the biosynthesis of other subclasses remain unknown. The perspectives and further applications of rare flavonoids using metabolic engineering strategies also be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Bo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul, Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Yipeng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhili Sheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lee S, Kwon S, Hur J, Seo SY. Diastereodivergent Synthesis of Syn‐ and Anti‐9‐Hydroxyhomoisoflavanone and its Application to the Total Syntheses of (±)‐Homoferrugenone and (±)‐Portulacanone F. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanha Lee
- Gachon University - Medical Campus KOREA (THE REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Sangil Kwon
- Gachon University - Medical Campus KOREA (THE REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Joonseong Hur
- Gachon University College of Pharmacy KOREA (THE REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Seung-Yong Seo
- Gachon University College of Pharmacy KOREA (THE REPUBLIC OF)
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Wang M, Tan J, Chen J, Xie T, Lin LM, Zhong LL, Cai XJ, Wu QS. Three new ester glycosides with cytotoxic activity from the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4409-4416. [PMID: 32272852 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1721488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Three new ester glycosides, named as Caesateroside A (1), Caesateroside B (2) and Caesateroside C (3) were obtained from the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan. The new structures of compounds 1-3 were elucidated by analyzing their 1 D NMR, 2 D NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectra. Compounds 1-3 showed weak-moderate cytotoxicity against Hela and HepG-2 human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Juan Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan Genaral Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Liang-Mo Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Li-Li Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Xing-Jun Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan Genaral Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Qiong-Shi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
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Chandrasekhar M, Syam Prasad G, Venkataramaiah C, Umapriya K, Raju CN, Seshaiah K, Rajendra W. In silico and in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity profiles of urea and thiourea derivatives of 2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-1-amine. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:34-41. [PMID: 31910703 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1710848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a series of new urea and thiourea compounds have been accomplished by the reaction of 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-amine with various phenyl isocyanates and isothiocyanates. These compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assay methods including IC50 values. Some of the compounds exhibited potential activity in the two tested methods. Among the series of compounds, urea derivative linked with 4-bromo phenyl ring (4b), and thiourea derivatives bonded with phenyl ring (4e), 4-fluoro phenyl ring (4f) and 4-nitro pheyl ring (4h) were found to exhibit promising anti oxidant activity with low IC50 values. Where four of the title comounds exhibited higher bindig energies than the reference compound (Imatinib) in in silico molecular docking studies with Aromatase. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kollu Umapriya
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | | | - Kalluru Seshaiah
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
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Lee EB, Xing MM, Kim DK. Lifespan-extending and stress resistance properties of brazilin from Caesalpinia sappan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:825-835. [PMID: 28667441 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study contributes to the continual discovery of lifespan-extending compounds from plants, using the Caenorhabditis elegans model system. An ethyl acetate soluble fraction of methanol extract from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan showed a significant lifespan-extending activity. Subsequent activity-guided chromatography of the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction led to the isolation of brazilin. Brazilin showed potent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and superoxide anion quenching activities and also revealed a lifespan-extending activity in C. elegans under normal culture conditions. Brazilin also exhibited the protective effects against thermal, oxidative and osmotic stress conditions to improve the survival rate of the nematode. Furthermore, brazilin elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation in C. elegans. Further studies showed that brazilin-mediated increased stress tolerance of worms could be due to increased expressions of stress resistance proteins such as heat shock protein (HSP-16.2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD-3). Besides, there were no significant, brazilin-induced changes in aging-related factors, including progeny production, food intake, and growth, indicating brazilin influences longevity activity independent of affecting these factors. Brazilin increased the body movement of aged worms, indicating brazilin affects the healthspan and lifespan of nematode. These results suggest that brazilin contributes to the lifespan of C. elegans under both normal and stress conditions by increasing the expressions of stress resistance proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Byeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonju, 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming Ming Xing
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonju, 55338, Republic of Korea.,College of Materials and Chemistry Engineering, Tongren University, Guizhou, 554300, China
| | - Dae Keun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonju, 55338, Republic of Korea.
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Castelli M, López S. Homoisoflavonoids: Occurrence, Biosynthesis, and Biological Activity. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63929-5.00009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Okoye FBC, Odimegwu DC, Nworu CS, Agbo MO, Esimone CO, Osadebe PO, Proksch P. Modulation of intracellular expression of IFNγ and IL-2 in culture of splenic T lymphocytes by some flavonoid glycosides of Alchornea floribunda. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1873-1880. [PMID: 26974045 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1133659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Alchornea floribunda Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves are widely used in ethnomedicine for the management of rheumatism, arthritis and toothache. Objective In this study, flavonoid glycosides isolated from Alchornea floribunda were screened for their effect on the intracellular expression of interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) type-1 cytokines. Materials and methods Chromatographic purification of the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol leaf extract led to the isolation of seven flavonoid glycosides (1-7). Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Splenocytes were treated with graded concentrations of the compounds (6.25-25 μg/mL) and incubated for 24 h. Thereafter, their effect on the expression of IFNγ and IL-2 by CD4(+ )and CD8(+ )T-lymphocytes was evaluated using intracellular cytokine staining and FACS analysis. Results Compounds 1-7 (6.25-25 μg/mL) caused the up-regulation of activated CD8(+ )(57.85-72.45% versus 57.85% for untreated control) and, to a lesser extent, activated CD4(+ )(3.21-7.21% versus 2.75% for the untreated control) T-lymphocytes that were both largely interferon-gamma-releasing in treated mouse T lymphocytes relative to untreated control. FACS data analysis showed that stimulation with all the compounds increased the proportion of CD8(+)/IFNγ(+ )and CD4(+)/IFNγ(+ )T lymphocytes up to two-fold when compared with the cells in untreated control wells. Intracellular IL-2 secretion by treated T cells was not detected. Conclusion This recorded T-lymphocyte-specific immune-modulatory property may contribute to explain in part the dynamics associated with the ethnomedicine of Alchornea floribunda, and may find relevance as a necessary cellular immune response precursor to infection-associated disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Festus B C Okoye
- a Institut Für Pharmazeutische Biologie Und Biotechnologie, Universität Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
- b Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nnamdi Azikiwe University , Awka , Anambra State , Nigeria
| | - Damian Chukwu Odimegwu
- c Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Enugu State , Nigeria
- d Department of Molecular and Medical Virology , Ruhr Universität Bochum , Germany
| | - Chukwuemeka Sylvester Nworu
- e Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Enugu State , Nigeria
| | - Matthias Onyebuchi Agbo
- f Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Enugu State , Nigeria
| | - Charles Okechukwu Esimone
- g Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nnamdi Azikiwe University , Awka , Nigeria
| | - Patience Ogoamaka Osadebe
- b Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nnamdi Azikiwe University , Awka , Anambra State , Nigeria
- f Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Nigeria , Nsukka , Enugu State , Nigeria
| | - Peter Proksch
- a Institut Für Pharmazeutische Biologie Und Biotechnologie, Universität Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
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Bao H, Zhang LL, Liu QY, Feng L, Ye Y, Lu JJ, Lin LG. Cytotoxic and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Cassane Diterpenoids from the Seeds of Caesalpinia sappan in Cancer Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060791. [PMID: 27322234 PMCID: PMC6274183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical study on the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan led to the isolation of five new cassane diterpenoids, phanginins R‒T (1–3) and caesalsappanins M and N (4 and 5), together with seven known compounds 6–12. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and HRESIMS analyses. The absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 4 were determined by the corresponding CD spectra. All the isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer A2780 and HEY, gastric cancer AGS, and non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Compound 1 displayed significant toxicity against the four cell lines with the IC50 values of 9.9 ± 1.6 µM, 12.2 ± 6.5 µM, 5.3 ± 1.9 µM, and 12.3 ± 3.1 µM, respectively. Compound 1 induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest in A2780 cells. Furthermore, compound 1 dose-dependently induced A2780 cells apoptosis as evidenced by Hoechst 33342 staining, Annexin V positive cells, the up-regulated cleaved-PARP and the enhanced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. What’s more, compound 1 also promoted the expression of the tumor suppressor p53 protein. These findings indicate that cassane diterpenoids might have potential as anti-cancer agents, and further in vivo animal studies and structural modification investigation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Qian-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yang Ye
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Li-Gen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
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Synthetic Advances in the Indane Natural Product Scaffolds as Drug Candidates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63932-5.00008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Ren L, Yang X, Zhao L, Zhang H, Wang J. Evaluation of Su Fu'ning Lotion's Inhibitory Effects on Bladder Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo by Intravesical Instillation. Integr Cancer Ther 2015; 15:80-6. [PMID: 26315609 DOI: 10.1177/1534735415596569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor with a very high recurrence rate after surgery. Intravesical instillation can help clear up the residual tumor cells after surgery and thereby reduce the recurrence rate. OBJECTIVE To establish a bladder tumor transplantation animal model and to evaluate the inhibitory effects of a novel perfusate, Su Fu'ning Lotion (SFN), on bladder tumor. METHODS SFN was compared with several commonly used chemotherapy drugs, including mitomycin (MMC) and pirarubicin (THP) for anticancer effects on the bladder cancer cell lines T24, BTT, and BIU-87 and SFN half inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were determined after 48 hours of treatment. In addition, bladder cancer orthotopic transplantation tumor models were established in BALB/C nude mice and T739 mice, and SFN anticancer effects were assessed in vivo, with normal saline and MMC as negative and positive controls, respectively. RESULTS SFN, MMC, and THP were all lethal to bladder cancer cells, in vitro, with SFN and THP significantly superior to MMC. IC50 values for SFN were 13.22, 11.22, and 12.5 µg/mL on T24, BTT, and BIU-87 cells, respectively. In vivo, SFN significantly reduced the mouse bladder wet weight and prolonged the animal survival compared with controls (P < .05), suggesting that SFN significantly inhibited T24/BTT cell growth in mice. CONCLUSION SFN inhibited the bladder cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and significantly prolonged the survival of mice with bladder cancer xenografts, indicating that SFN could be used as a perfusate after surgery for removal of residual bladder cancers cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xihua Yang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngeun Jung
- College
of Pharmacy and Yonsei
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikyon Kim
- College
of Pharmacy and Yonsei
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
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Javed U, Karim M, Jahng KC, Park JG, Jahng Y. Enantioselective syntheses of (+)- and (−)-brazilin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Li LM, Yuan QP, Chen G. Four homoisoflavonoids isolated from traditional Chinese medicine: "gan luo xin". JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2014; 16:813-818. [PMID: 24993400 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2014.930444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two new homoisoflavonoids, ( ± )-5,7-dihydroxy-8-methyl-3-(2',4'-dihydroxybenzyl) chroman-4-one (1) and ( ± )-5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-3-(2',4'-dihydroxybenzyl) chroman-4-one (2), along with two known homoisoflavonoids, 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-(2',4'-dihydroxybenzyl)chroman-4-one (3) and disporopsin (4), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of traditional Chinese medicine--"Gan Luo Xin." Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Li
- a College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
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Caesappin A and B, two novel protosappanins from Caesalpinia sappan L. Fitoterapia 2014; 92:280-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhang J, Abdel-Mageed WM, Liu M, Huang P, He W, Li L, Song F, Dai H, Liu X, Liang J, Zhang L. Caesanines A–D, New Cassane Diterpenes with Unprecedented N Bridge from Caesalpinia sappan. Org Lett 2013; 15:4726-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol402058z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese
| | - Wael M. Abdel-Mageed
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese
| | - Pei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese
| | - Wenni He
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese
| | - Fuhang Song
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese
| | - Huanqin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese
| | - Xueting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese
| | - Jingyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese
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Chu MJ, Wang YZ, Itagaki K, Ma HX, Xin P, Zhou XG, Chen GY, Li S, Sun SQ. Identification of active compounds from Caesalpinia sappan L. extracts suppressing IL-6 production in RAW 264.7 cells by PLS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:37-44. [PMID: 23567033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Caesalpinia sappan L. is distributed in Southeast Asia and also used as herbal medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as burning sensations, leprosy, dysentery, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The overproduction of IL-6 plays an important role in the prognosis of RA, but the active compounds from the extracts of Caesalpinia sappan L. suppressing IL-6 production remain unknown. AIMS OF THE STUDY Identifying the main active compounds of Caesalpinia sappan L. extracts inhibiting the IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by partial least squares (PLS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-four samples with different proportions of compounds were prepared from Caesalpinia sappan L. by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction (SCFE) and refluxing. Each of 64 samples was applied to RAW 264.7 cells with LPS to evaluate whether IL-6 production by LPS is affected by addition of each sample. The IL-6 production in medium was determined by ELISA and the inhibitory activity of each sample was analyzed. In addition, the fingerprints of these 64 samples were also established by ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). We used the PLS, a simplified method, to evaluate the results from IL-6 production and fingerprints. RESULTS Each of 64 samples markedly suppressed LPS-induced IL-6 production in RAW cells. The fingerprints by UPLC-MS clearly revealed variations among 64 samples produced in different extract conditions. The PLS analysis with IL-6 production and fingerprints by UPLC-MS suggested that the peaks 71, 93, 150, 157, 168 have more influence on the inhibitory activity of Caesalpinia sappan L. extracts. The peaks 71, 93, 150 are likely representing sappanone A, protosappanin E and neoprotosappanin, respectively. The peaks 157 and 168 are still at large. CONCLUSION This is the first report that sappanone A, protosappanin E, neoprotosappanin and two unidentified compounds can be considered as possible active compounds that might inhibit IL-6 production. Further studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of these five compounds on IL-6 production and possible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Juan Chu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
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Interaction of plant pigment brazilin with synthetic and natural DNA: Spectroscopic and in silico perspective. Interdiscip Sci 2013; 5:53-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12539-013-0148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Deng Z, Wang X, Zhao H, Cui S, Yao Q, Bai H. A validated LC-MS/MS method for rapid determination of brazilin in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:802-6. [PMID: 23303567 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Brazilin is a major homoisoflavonoid component isolated from the dried heartwood of traditional Chinese medicine Caesalpinia sappan L., which is a natural red pigment used for histological staining. Herein a sensitive, specific and rapid analytical LC-MS/MS method was established and validated for brazilin in rat plasma. After a simple step of protein precipitation using acetonitrile, plasma samples were analyzed using an LC-MS/MS system. Brazilin and the IS (protosappanin B) were separated on a Diamonsil C18 analytical column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using a mixture of water and 10 mm ammonium acetate in methanol (20:80, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The method was sensitive with a lower limit of quantitation of 10.0 ng/mL, with good linearity (r(2) ≥ 0.99) over the linear range 10.0-5000 ng/mL. All the validation data, such as accuracy and precision, matrix effect, extraction recovery and stability tests were within the required limits. The assay method was successfully applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetics parameters of brazilin after an oral dose of 100 mg/kg brazilin in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250062, People's Republic of China
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Shu SH, Deng AJ, Li ZH, Qin HL. Two novel biphenyl dimers from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:762-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Wang YZ, Sun SQ, Zhou YB. Extract of the dried heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan L. attenuates collagen-induced arthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 136:271-278. [PMID: 21557995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THIS STUDY To confirm the anti-arthritic effect and explore the potential mechanism of the dried heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan L. (HCS) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats, an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS CIA was induced in male Wistar rats by intradermal injection of bovine collagen-II in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (IFA). The rats in the onset of arthritis were treated daily with oral administration of an ethanol extract from HCS (EHCS) at different doses (1.2, 2.4 and 3.6g/kg) or olive oil-vehicle for 10 days. Paw swelling, arthritis index, radiographic and histopathologic changes were evaluated to confirm the anti-arthritic effect of EHCS on CIA in rats. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as well as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in blood and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and transcription factor NF-κB p65 in paw cartilage were detected to further study the molecular mechanism of the anti-arthritic effects of EHCS on CIA in rats. In addition, the adverse effects of EHCS on liver and kidney of rats were also evaluated. RESULTS The results showed that the EHCS markedly attenuated collagen-induced arthritis and reduced the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and PGE2 in serum and the expression of COX-2 and transcription factor NF-κB p65 in paw cartilage of CIA rats. EHCS (3.6g/kg) induced slight hepatotoxicity and body weight loss. CONCLUSION These results indicate that EHCS significantly attenuates CIA in rats by decreasing the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and PGE2 in serum and the expression of COX-2 and transcription factor NF-κB in paw cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
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Wu J, Hou J, Zhang M, Zou Y, Yu B. Protosappanin A, an Immunosuppressive Constituent From a Chinese Herb, Prolongs Graft Survival and Attenuates Acute Rejection in Rat Heart Allografts. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:3719-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yodsaoue O, Cheenpracha S, Karalai C, Ponglimanont C, Chantrapromma S, Fun HK, Kanjana-Opas A. Phanginin A-K, diterpenoids from the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:1242-1249. [PMID: 18178229 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The first chemical study on the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. led to isolation of 11 cassane-type diterpenes, named phanginin A-K (1-11). The skeleton present in compounds 1-8 is rather unusual, consisting of a cassane-type diterpene with an ether bridge between C-19/C-20 in compounds 1-6 and C-11/C-20 in compounds 7 and 8. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques. In addition, the X-ray structure of phanginin A (1) is reported. Only phanginin I (9) exhibited cytotoxic effect against KB cell line with IC50 value of 4.4 microg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orapun Yodsaoue
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Badami S, Geetha B, Sharma SV, Rajan S, Suresh B. Microwave-assisted rapid extraction of red dye from Caesalpinia sappan heartwood. Nat Prod Res 2007; 21:1091-8. [PMID: 17852745 DOI: 10.1080/14786410500160744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Since ancient times Caesalpinia sappan heartwood dye has been well-known for its medicinal and dyeing properties. Isolation of the red dye using both conventional and newly developed microwave method was carried out. The conventional heating of 2 h provided 0.656 +/- 0.049 g of the dye and by microwave heating at 540 W for 20 min, the yield obtained was 0.747 +/- 0.047 g. Both the dyes were found to be the same as evidenced by UV, TLC and HPTLC studies. Antioxidant activity of the dyes was also carried out using DPPH and nitric oxide methods to confirm the similarity in their biological activity. The procedure developed can be used for the fast extraction of the red dye of C. sappan without affecting the nature of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrishailappa Badami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J. S. S. College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, TN, India.
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Lim MY, Jeon JH, Jeong EY, Lee CH, Lee HS. Antimicrobial activity of 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone isolated from Caesalpinia sappan toward intestinal bacteria. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ye M, Xie WD, Lei F, Meng Z, Zhao YN, Su H, Du LJ. Brazilein, an important immunosuppressive component from Caesalpinia sappan L. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:426-32. [PMID: 16428078 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2005] [Revised: 04/29/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Caesalpinia sappan has been shown to have interesting immunosuppressive properties. Its heartwood has long been used in Chinese medicines for treating a variety of immune-mediated pathology and inflammatory disease. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the immunocompetence effects of brazilein on mice lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that brazilein and Caesalpinia sappan ethanol extract (SME) could distinctly inhibit the proliferation of T lymphocyte stimulated by Concanavalin A (Con A) and the proliferation of B lymphocyte stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and brazilein could suppress mice humoral immune response by plaque forming cell (PFC) test. In addition, immune organs (thymus and spleen) in mice treated with brazilein were notably atrophied and weight loss in vivo (intraperitoneal injection, i.p.). In attempting to investigate the mechanisms of the immunosuppressive activity of brazilein, we discovered that brazilein can induce apoptosis in mice spleen lymphocytes by flow cytometry analysis and DNA fragmentation assay, which may be one of the pathways that brazilein inhibited immunocompetence of mice lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Abstract
Using a bioassay-directed purification scheme, the active antibacterial principle from Caesalpina sappan was isolated and identified to be brasilin. This compound showed potent activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, notably methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), multi-drug resistant Burkholderia cepacia as well as a number of other bacteria. The minimal inhibitory concentrations ranged from 4 to 32 microg/mL. The results from time-kill studies showed that brasilin is bactericidal against MRSA. The addition of brasilin to growing MRSA cells resulted in a rapid inhibition of incorporation of [(3)H] thymidine or [(3)H] serine into DNA and proteins, respectively. Exposure of MRSA to a sub-MIC level of brasilin for ten consecutive subcultures did not induce resistance to the compound. The Trypan blue dye exclusion test showed that brasilin lacked cytotoxicity against Vero cells. In conclusion, brasilin is an antibacterial principle from C. sappan and it has the potential to be developed into an antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xi Xu
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3J5
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Badami S, Moorkoth S, Rai SR, Kannan E, Bhojraj S. Antioxidant activity of Caesalpinia sappan heartwood. Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 26:1534-7. [PMID: 14600396 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant activity of Caesalpinia sappan heartwood was studied both by in vitro and in vivo models. The ethyl acetate, methanol and water extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity as evidenced by the low IC50 values in both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide methods. The values were found to be less or comparable to those of ascorbic acid and rutin, the standards used. Administration of the successive methanol and water extracts at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight given for four days prior to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment caused a significant increase in the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase and a significant decrease in the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), when compared to CCl4 treated control in both liver and kidney. These changes observed at 100 mg/kg body weight treatment were comparable to those observed for standard vitamin E at 50 mg/kg treatment. The results support significant antioxidant nature of Caesalpinia sappan heartwood extracts.
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Yang KM, Jeon SD, So DS, Moon CK. Brazilin augments cellular immunity in multiple low dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) induced type I diabetic mice. Arch Pharm Res 2000; 23:626-32. [PMID: 11156186 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Brazilin, an active principle of Caesalprenia sappan, was examined for its immunopotentiating effects in multiple low dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) induced type diabetic mice. Brazilin was intraperitoneally administered for 5 consecutive days to MLD-STZ induced type I diabetic mice. Delayed type hypersensitivity, Con A-induced proliferation of splenocytes and mixed lymphocyte reaction, which had been decreased in diabetic mice, were significantly recovered by the administration of brazilin. Brazilin increased IL-2 production without affecting suppressor cell activity. Con A-induced and IL-2-induced expression of high affinity IL-2 receptors were also enhanced by brazilin. These results indicate that brazilin augments cellular immune responses, which are suppressed in the MLD-STZ induced type I diabetic mice, by increasing IL-2 production and responsiveness of immune cells to IL-2.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Benzopyrans/pharmacology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Concanavalin A/metabolism
- Cyclosporine/pharmacology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ku, Korea
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Mok MS, Jeon SD, Yang KM, So DS, Moon CK. Effects of Brazilin on induction of immunological tolerance by sheep red blood cells in C57BL/6 female mice. Arch Pharm Res 1998; 21:769-73. [PMID: 9868554 DOI: 10.1007/bf02976774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brazilin was examined for its effects on the induction of immunological tolerance. Brazilin was administered to C57BL/6 female mice for 2 consecutive days before the immunization with high dose SRBC (10(9) cells) which can produce immunological tolerance. Delayed type hypersensitivity, IgM plaque forming cells, ConA induced IL-2 production and mitogen- or antigen-induced proliferation of lymphocytes were measured as evaluation parameters. Administration of brazilin prior to immunization could keep the DTH and IL-2 production almost optimally immunized levels. Brazilin also inhibited the elevation of non-specific suppressor cell activity. ConA induced proliferation of splenocytes in high dose SRBC immunized mice was significantly decreased by pretreatment of brazilin. And this might be one of the reason for augmentation of DTH by brazilin. However, IgM plaque forming cells were not affected by the treatment of brazilin. These results indicate that brazilin prevents the induction of immunological tolerance caused by high dose SRBC by suppressing the elevation of suppressor cell activity and by inhibiting the decrease in IL-2 production in C57BL/6 female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Mok
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Korea
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Hwang GS, Kim JY, Chang TS, Jeon SD, So DS, Moon CK. Effects of Brazilin on the phospholipase A2 activity and changes of intracellular free calcium concentration in rat platelets. Arch Pharm Res 1998; 21:774-8. [PMID: 9868555 DOI: 10.1007/bf02976775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Brazilin (7,11b-dihydrobenz[b]indeno[1,2-d]pyran-3,6a,9,10 (6 H)-tetrol) inhibited thrombin-,collagen- and ADP-induced aggregation of washed rat platelets. Thrombin- and collagen-induced ATP release were also inhibited by brazilin in a concentration-dependent manner. Brazilin inhibited the formation of platelet thromboxane A2 caused by thrombin, whereas it had no effect on the prostaglandin D2 formation. Brazilin inhibited [3H]-arachidonic acid liberation from membrane phospholipids of thrombin-stimulated platelets. Brazilin inhibited the rise of intracellular free calcium caused by thrombin. These results indicate that the inhibition of phospholipase (PLA2) activity and [Ca2+]i elevation might be at least a part of antiplatelet mechanism of brazilin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Hwang
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Won University, Seongnam, Korea
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