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Wu Q, Xia Y, Guo MS, Au TY, Yuen GKW, Kong I, Wang Z, Lin Y, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. Acetylcholinesterase is regulated by exposure of ultraviolet B in skin keratinocytes: A potential inducer of cholinergic urticaria. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23641. [PMID: 38690717 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400146r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Cholinergic urticaria is a dermatological disease characterized by the presence of large patches of red skin and transient hives triggered by factors, such as exercise, sweating, and psychological tension. This skin problem is hypothesized to be attributed to a reduced expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing acetylcholine (ACh). Consequently, ACh is thought to the leak from sympathetic nerves to skin epidermis. The redundant ACh stimulates the mast cells to release histamine, triggering immune responses in skin. Here, the exposure of ultraviolet B in skin suppressed the expression of AChE in keratinocytes, both in in vivo and in vitro models. The decrease of the enzyme was resulted from a declined transcription of ACHE gene mediated by micro-RNAs, that is, miR-132 and miR-212. The levels of miR-132 and miR-212 were markedly induced by exposure to ultraviolet B, which subsequently suppressed the transcriptional rate of ACHE. In the presence of low level of AChE, the overflow ACh caused the pro-inflammatory responses in skin epidermis, including increased secretion of cytokines and COX-2. These findings suggest that ultraviolet B exposure is one of the factors contributing to cholinergic urticaria in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Wu
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingjie Xia
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maggie Suisui Guo
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz Yu Au
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary K W Yuen
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivan Kong
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengqi Wang
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingyi Lin
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina T X Dong
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Shenzhen, China
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Shenzhen, China
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Kawashima K, Mashimo M, Nomura A, Fujii T. Contributions of Non-Neuronal Cholinergic Systems to the Regulation of Immune Cell Function, Highlighting the Role of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4564. [PMID: 38674149 PMCID: PMC11050324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Loewi's discovery of acetylcholine (ACh) release from the frog vagus nerve and the discovery by Dale and Dudley of ACh in ox spleen led to the demonstration of chemical transmission of nerve impulses. ACh is now well-known to function as a neurotransmitter. However, advances in the techniques for ACh detection have led to its discovery in many lifeforms lacking a nervous system, including eubacteria, archaea, fungi, and plants. Notably, mRNAs encoding choline acetyltransferase and muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) have been found in uninnervated mammalian cells, including immune cells, keratinocytes, vascular endothelial cells, cardiac myocytes, respiratory, and digestive epithelial cells. It thus appears that non-neuronal cholinergic systems are expressed in a variety of mammalian cells, and that ACh should now be recognized not only as a neurotransmitter, but also as a local regulator of non-neuronal cholinergic systems. Here, we discuss the role of non-neuronal cholinergic systems, with a focus on immune cells. A current focus of much research on non-neuronal cholinergic systems in immune cells is α7 nAChRs, as these receptors expressed on macrophages and T cells are involved in regulating inflammatory and immune responses. This makes α7 nAChRs an attractive potential therapeutic target.
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Grants
- 19-31: TF; 20-25: TF. Individual Research Grants from the Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts
- 24590120, K.K., T.F., K.H.; 22K06638, T.F., A.N., 15K18871, M.M.; 15K07979, T.F., 15K07969-m, K.K.; 18K06903, T.F. The Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Kawashima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masato Mashimo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan; (M.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Atsuo Nomura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan; (M.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan; (M.M.); (A.N.)
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Balik O. Quantitative Assessment of the Effects of Botulinum Toxin on Skin Perfusion by Laser Doppler Flowmetry: A Clinical Trial. J Craniofac Surg 2024; 35:e11-e14. [PMID: 37610009 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies reported an increase in skin glow, pore shrinkage, and an improvement in oily skin with its mesobotox-like use. The authors aimed to determine the extent of late changes in skin perfusion in the superficial dermis when Botulinium toxin A (Btx-A) is injected into the skin with mesotherapy, independent of any stimulant and surgery, using a laser Doppler flowmeter for analysis. Btx-A was applied to the right cheek and saline mesotherapy to the left cheeks of a total of 9 subjects. Two weeks later, their contribution to skin circulation was measured by the laser Doppler flowmeter. Although it was more on the side where Btx-A was applied, an increase in vascularity was observed on both sides of the subjects and no statistical difference could be found between the right and left cheeks in the late period.
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Ekman DR, Evich MG, Mosley JD, Doering JA, Fay KA, Ankley GT, Collette TW. Expanding non-invasive approaches for fish-health monitoring: A survey of the epidermal mucous metabolomes of phylogenetically diverse freshwater fish species. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 103:1178-1189. [PMID: 37492948 PMCID: PMC10735230 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing need for more-holistic approaches to fisheries assessments along with growing demand to reduce the health impacts of sample collections. Metabolomic tools enable the use of sample matrices that can be collected with minimal impact on the organism (e.g., blood, urine, and mucus) and provide high-throughput, untargeted biochemical information without the requirement of a sequenced genome. These qualities make metabolomics ideal for monitoring a wide range of fish species, particularly those under protected status. In the current study, we surveyed the relative abundances of 120 endogenous metabolites in epidermal mucus across eight freshwater fish species belonging to seven phylogenetic orders. Principal component analysis was used to provide an overview of the data set, revealing strong interspecies relationships in the epidermal mucous metabolome. Normalized relative abundances of individual endogenous metabolites were then used to identify commonalities across multiple species, as well as those metabolites that showed notable species specificity. For example, taurine was measured in high relative abundance in the epidermal mucus of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), northern pike (Esox lucius), golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), whereas γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) exhibited a uniquely high relative abundance in flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris). Finally, hierarchical cluster analysis was used to evaluate species relatedness as characterized by both the epidermal mucous metabolome (phenotype) and genetic phylogeny (genotype). This comparison revealed species for which relatedness in the epidermal mucous metabolome composition closely aligns with phylogenetic relatedness (e.g., N. crysoleucas and C. carpio), as well as species for which these two measures are not well aligned (e.g., P. olivaris and Polyodon spathula). These, and other findings reported here, highlight novel areas for future research with fish, including development of epidermal mucous-based markers for non-invasive health monitoring, sex determination, and hypoxia tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew R Ekman
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Marina G Evich
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jonathan D Mosley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jon A Doering
- Louisiana State University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Research Council, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kellie A Fay
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy W Collette
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Bouchard KV, Costin GE. Promoting New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for research on skin color changes in response to environmental stress factors: tobacco and air pollution. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1256399. [PMID: 37886123 PMCID: PMC10598764 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1256399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the most dynamic biological processes in the human body and is known to carry significant impacts on individuals' self-esteem. Skin pigmentation is a highly heritable trait made possible by complex, strictly controlled cellular and molecular mechanisms. Genetic, environmental and endocrine factors contribute to the modulation of melanin's amount, type and distribution in the skin layers. One of the hallmarks of extrinsic skin aging induced by environmental stress factors is the alteration of the constitutive pigmentation pattern clinically defined as senile lentigines and/or melasma or other pigmentary dyschromias. The complexity of pollutants and tobacco smoke as environmental stress factors warrants a thorough understanding of the mechanisms by which they impact skin pigmentation through repeated and long-term exposure. Pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrated that pollutants are known to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inflammatory events that lead directly or indirectly to skin hyperpigmentation. Another mechanistic direction is provided by Aryl hydrocarbon Receptors (AhR) which were shown to mediate processes leading to skin hyperpigmentation in response to pollutants by regulation of melanogenic enzymes and transcription factors involved in melanin biosynthesis pathway. In this context, we will discuss a diverse range of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) capable to provide mechanistic insights of the cellular and molecular pathways involved in the action of environmental stress factors on skin pigmentation and to support the design of raw ingredients and formulations intended to counter their impact and of any subsequently needed clinical studies.
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Fabi SG, Park JY, Goldie K, Wu W. Microtoxin for Improving Pore Size, Skin Laxity, Sebum Control, and Scars: A Roundtable on Integrating Intradermal Botulinum Toxin Type A Microdoses Into Clinical Practice. Aesthet Surg J 2023; 43:1015-1024. [PMID: 36857534 PMCID: PMC10481112 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In aesthetic clinical practice, botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is best known for its use as a neuromodulator for the treatment of dynamic facial lines; however, when injected intradermally as microdroplets, BoNT-A can improve skin quality and overall skin appearance. OBJECTIVES To discuss key aspects of microtoxin use in clinical practice and provide expert guidance on utilization. METHODS As part of a continuing medical education lecture series and roundtable, the authors discussed key aspects of microtoxin patient selection, injection technique, and safety. RESULTS The experiences of expert faculty are shared here. Clinical experience is consistent with reported data. Microtoxin can be used to reduce pore size, sebum production, rosacea, acne, and fine lines, and to improve jawline and neck definition. Intradermal injection can also be employed for the improvement of transverse neck lines as well as for the safe prevention and management of scars and keloids. CONCLUSIONS Expanding the use of BoNT-A, a predictable, minimally invasive, and affordable treatment to address commonly encountered complaints is appealing. The authors have found that making patients aware of microtoxin as a treatment option results in an increased interest in and utilization of BoNT-A, and high satisfaction among appropriately selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Guillen Fabi
- Corresponding Author: Dr Sabrina Guillen Fabi, 9339 Genesee Ave Unit 300, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. E-mail:
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Pechlivanidou M, Ninou E, Karagiorgou K, Tsantila A, Mantegazza R, Francesca A, Furlan R, Dudeck L, Steiner J, Tzartos J, Tzartos S. Autoimmunity to Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106790. [PMID: 37164280 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely expressed in many and diverse cell types, participating in various functions of cells, tissues and systems. In this review, we focus on the autoimmunity against neuronal nAChRs, the specific autoantibodies and their mechanisms of pathological action in selected autoimmune diseases. We summarize the current relevant knowledge from human diseases as well as from experimental models of autoimmune neurological disorders related to antibodies against neuronal nAChR subunits. Despite the well-studied high immunogenicity of the muscle nAChRs where autoantibodies are the main pathogen of myasthenia gravis, autoimmunity to neuronal nAChRs seems infrequent, except for the autoantibodies to the ganglionic receptor, the α3 subunit containing nAChR (α3-nAChR), which are detected and are likely pathogenic in Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy (AAG). We describe the detection, presence and function of these antibodies and especially the recent development of a cell-based assay (CBA) which, contrary to until recently available assays, is highly specific for AAG. Rare reports of autoantibodies to the other neuronal nAChR subtypes include a few cases of antibodies to α7 and/or α4β2 nAChRs in Rasmussen encephalitis, schizophrenia, autoimmune meningoencephalomyelitis, and in some myasthenia gravis patients with concurrent CNS symptoms. Neuronal-type nAChRs are also present in several non-excitable tissues, however the presence and possible role of antibodies against them needs further verification. It is likely that the future development of more sensitive and disease-specific assays would reveal that neuronal nAChR autoantibodies are much more frequent and may explain the mechanisms of some seronegative autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katerina Karagiorgou
- Tzartos NeuroDiagnostics, Athens, Greece; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Renato Mantegazza
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Andreetta Francesca
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaello Furlan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Leon Dudeck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health DZPG, Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health C-I-R-C, Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John Tzartos
- 2(nd) Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Socrates Tzartos
- Tzartos NeuroDiagnostics, Athens, Greece; Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece; Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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Slominski RM, Raman C, Chen JY, Slominski AT. How cancer hijacks the body's homeostasis through the neuroendocrine system. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:263-275. [PMID: 36803800 PMCID: PMC10038913 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
During oncogenesis, cancer not only escapes the body's regulatory mechanisms, but also gains the ability to affect local and systemic homeostasis. Specifically, tumors produce cytokines, immune mediators, classical neurotransmitters, hypothalamic and pituitary hormones, biogenic amines, melatonin, and glucocorticoids, as demonstrated in human and animal models of cancer. The tumor, through the release of these neurohormonal and immune mediators, can control the main neuroendocrine centers such as the hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenals, and thyroid to modulate body homeostasis through central regulatory axes. We hypothesize that the tumor-derived catecholamines, serotonin, melatonin, neuropeptides, and other neurotransmitters can affect body and brain functions. Bidirectional communication between local autonomic and sensory nerves and the tumor, with putative effects on the brain, is also envisioned. Overall, we propose that cancers can take control of the central neuroendocrine and immune systems to reset the body homeostasis in a mode favoring its expansion at the expense of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir M Slominski
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jake Y Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Elgoyhen AB. The α9α10 acetylcholine receptor: a non-neuronal nicotinic receptor. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106735. [PMID: 36931539 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Within the superfamily of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels, cholinergic nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) were classically identified to mediate synaptic transmission in the nervous system and the neuromuscular junction. The α9 and α10 nAChR subunits were the last ones to be identified. Surprisingly, they do not fall into the dichotomic neuronal/muscle classification of nAChRs. They assemble into heteropentamers with a well-established function as canonical ion channels in inner ear hair cells, where they mediate central nervous system control of auditory and vestibular sensory processing. The present review includes expression, pharmacological, structure-function, molecular evolution and pathophysiological studies, that define receptors composed from α9 and α10 subunits as distant and distinct members within the nAChR family. Thus, although α9 and α10 were initially included within the neuronal subdivision of nAChR subunits, they form a distinct clade within the phylogeny of nAChRs. Following the classification of nAChR subunits based on their main synaptic site of action, α9 and α10 should receive a name in their own right.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Elgoyhen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
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Şanlı C, Atılgan R, Kuloğlu T, Pala Ş, İlhan N. The investigation of cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1 activity in the rat ovary with induced ovarian hyperstimulation. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 20:53-58. [PMID: 36908094 PMCID: PMC10013087 DOI: 10.4274/tjod.galenos.2023.75336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We look at the immunoreactivity of cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1 (CHRM1) in the ovarian tissues of rats with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) considering the possibility that the muscarinic activity may contribute to the pathophysiology of OHSS. Materials and Methods In this study, 14 immature female Wistar Albino rats were divided into two groups at random. The rats were 22 days old. Rats in the control group (n=7) were 22 days old, while those in the OHSS group (n=7) received 10 IU follicle-stimulating hormone subcutaneously over the course of four days and 30 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the fifth day to induce ovarian hyperstimulation. All the rats were sacrificed after all the groups' ovaries and blood samples were collected at the conclusion of the experiment. The left ovarian tissues were kept in aluminum foil at -80 °C, while the right ovarian tissues were kept in 10% formalin. Tissue vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by The Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique in the ovarian tissues. CHRM1 immunoreactivity was scored immunohistochemically. Results Ovarian weight, tissue IL-10, TNF-α, VEGF and MDA levels, and CHRM1 immunoreactivity were significantly increased in the OHSS group. Conclusion Increased levels of CHRM1 activity may play a role in the pathophysiology of OHSS. With further studies, the effect of luteinizing hormone and hCG on the ovarian and hypothalamic cholinergic system can be further investigated, and useful information can be obtained in determining OHSS prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Şanlı
- Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Remzi Atılgan
- Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Kuloğlu
- Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Şehmus Pala
- Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Nevin İlhan
- Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Elazığ, Turkey
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Fang WC, Lan CCE. The Epidermal Keratinocyte as a Therapeutic Target for Management of Diabetic Wounds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054290. [PMID: 36901720 PMCID: PMC10002069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important cause of chronic wounds and non-traumatic amputation. The prevalence and number of cases of diabetic mellitus are increasing worldwide. Keratinocytes, the outermost layer of the epidermis, play an important role in wound healing. A high glucose environment may disrupt the physiologic functions of keratinocytes, resulting in prolonged inflammation, impaired proliferation, and the migration of keratinocytes and impaired angiogenesis. This review provides an overview of keratinocyte dysfunctions in a high glucose environment. Effective and safe therapeutic approaches for promoting diabetic wound healing can be developed if molecular mechanisms responsible for keratinocyte dysfunction in high glucose environments are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Che E. Lan
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-320-8223
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Guo MS, Wu Q, Dong TT, Tsim KWK. The UV-induced uptake of melanosome by skin keratinocyte is triggered by α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated phagocytosis. FEBS J 2023; 290:724-744. [PMID: 36048140 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The melanosome is an organelle that produces melanin for skin pigmentation, which is synthesized by epidermal melanocytes, subsequently transported and internalized by epidermal keratinocytes. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) from sunlight radiation is a major stimulator of melanosome uptake by keratinocytes. Acetylcholine (ACh) is known to be released by keratinocytes under UV exposure, which regulates melanin production in melanocytes by participating in which has been named as 'skin synapse'. Here, the role of cholinergic molecules, i.e. ACh and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), in regulating melanosome uptake through phagocytosis by keratinocytes was illustrated. In cultured keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), the fluorescent beads at different sizes imitating melanosomes, or melanosomes, were phagocytosed under UV exposure. The UV-induced phagocytosis in keratinocytes was markedly increased by applied ACh, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor or an α7 nAChR agonist. By contrast, the antagonist of α7 nAChR was able to fully block the UV-induced phagocytosis, suggesting the role of α7 nAChR in this event. The intracellular Ca++ mobilization was triggered by UV exposure, accounting for the initiation of phagocytosis. The blockage of UV-mediated Ca++ mobilization, triggered by BAPTA-AM or α7 nAChR antagonist, resulted in a complete termination of phagocytosis. Besides, the phosphorylation of cofilin, as well as expression and activation of RhoA, accounting for phagocytosis was induced by UV exposure: the phosphorylation was blocked by BAPTA-AM or α7 nAChR antagonist. The result suggests that the cholinergic system, especially α7 nAChR, is playing a regulatory role in modulating melanosome uptake in keratinocytes being induced by UV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Suisui Guo
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiyun Wu
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina Tingxia Dong
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Sympathetic System in Wound Healing: Multistage Control in Normal and Diabetic Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032045. [PMID: 36768369 PMCID: PMC9916402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss sympathetic regulation in normal and diabetic wound healing. Experimental denervation studies have confirmed that sympathetic nerve endings in skin have an important and complex role in wound healing. Vasoconstrictor neurons secrete norepinephrine (NE) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Both mediators decrease blood flow and interact with inflammatory cells and keratinocytes. NE acts in an ambiguous way depending on receptor type. Beta2-adrenoceptors could be activated near sympathetic endings; they suppress inflammation and re-epithelialization. Alpha1- and alpha2-adrenoceptors induce inflammation and activate keratinocytes. Sudomotor neurons secrete acetylcholine (ACh) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Both induce vasodilatation, angiogenesis, inflammation, keratinocytes proliferation and migration. In healthy skin, all effects are important for successful healing. In treatment of diabetic ulcers, mediator balance could be shifted in different ways. Beta2-adrenoceptors blockade and nicotinic ACh receptors activation are the most promising directions in treatment of diabetic ulcers with neuropathy, but they require further research.
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14
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Slominski AT, Slominski RM, Raman C, Chen JY, Athar M, Elmets C. Neuroendocrine signaling in the skin with a special focus on the epidermal neuropeptides. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1757-C1776. [PMID: 36317800 PMCID: PMC9744652 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00147.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The skin, which is comprised of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, is the largest organ in the human body and it plays a crucial role in the regulation of the body's homeostasis. These functions are regulated by local neuroendocrine and immune systems with a plethora of signaling molecules produced by resident and immune cells. In addition, neurotransmitters, endocrine factors, neuropeptides, and cytokines released from nerve endings play a central role in the skin's responses to stress. These molecules act on the corresponding receptors in an intra-, juxta-, para-, or autocrine fashion. The epidermis as the outer most component of skin forms a barrier directly protecting against environmental stressors. This protection is assured by an intrinsic keratinocyte differentiation program, pigmentary system, and local nervous, immune, endocrine, and microbiome elements. These constituents communicate cross-functionally among themselves and with corresponding systems in the dermis and hypodermis to secure the basic epidermal functions to maintain local (skin) and global (systemic) homeostasis. The neurohormonal mediators and cytokines used in these communications regulate physiological skin functions separately or in concert. Disturbances in the functions in these systems lead to cutaneous pathology that includes inflammatory (i.e., psoriasis, allergic, or atopic dermatitis, etc.) and keratinocytic hyperproliferative disorders (i.e., seborrheic and solar keratoses), dysfunction of adnexal structure (i.e., hair follicles, eccrine, and sebaceous glands), hypersensitivity reactions, pigmentary disorders (vitiligo, melasma, and hypo- or hyperpigmentary responses), premature aging, and malignancies (melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers). These cellular, molecular, and neural components preserve skin integrity and protect against skin pathologies and can act as "messengers of the skin" to the central organs, all to preserve organismal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Radomir M Slominski
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jake Y Chen
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Craig Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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15
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Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Directly Affects Sebocytes and Modulates Oleic Acid-Induced Lipogenesis. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100708. [PMID: 36287976 PMCID: PMC9609209 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess sebum (seborrhea) results in oily skin and is associated with large pore size and acne. Studies in healthy, seborrheic volunteers have reported that intradermal injection of commercial preparations of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) (onabotulinumtoxinA, abobotulinumtoxinA, and incobotulinumtoxinA) reduced sebum production, and thus, skin oiliness and pore size. The mechanism for these effects has not been fully elucidated; however, several theories involving direct or indirect effects of BoNT/A on neuronal and/or dermal cells (e.g., sebocytes) have been proposed. In the present study, we evaluated the direct effect of native research grade BoNT/A complex, a commercial preparation of BoNT/A (onabotA), and BoNT/A variants on sebocyte lipogenesis using an in vitro sebocyte cell model. We show that picomolar concentrations of BoNT/A (BoNT/A complex: half maximal effective concentration [EC50] = 24 pM; BoNT/A 150 kDa: EC50 = 34 pM) modulate sebocyte lipogenesis and reduce oleic acid-induced sebocyte differentiation, lipogenesis, and holocrine-like secretion. Comparative studies with the binding domain of BoNT/A, which lacks enzymatic activity, show that this effect is independent of the enzymatic activity of BoNT/A and likely occurs via sebocyte cell surface receptors (e.g., fibroblast growth factor receptors). Overall, these results shed light on the potential mechanism of action and rationale for use of BoNT/A for treatment of sebum-related conditions.
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16
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Hone AJ, McIntosh JM. Alkaloid ligands enable function of homomeric human α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:981760. [PMID: 36188578 PMCID: PMC9523446 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.981760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the nervous system, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) rapidly transduce a chemical signal into one that is electrical via ligand-gated ion flux through the central channel of the receptor. However, some nAChR subunits are expressed by non-excitable cells where signal transduction apparently occurs through non-ionic mechanisms. One such nAChR subunit, α10, is present in a discreet subset of immune cells and has been implicated in pathologies including cancer, neuropathic pain, and chronic inflammation. Longstanding convention holds that human α10 subunits require co-assembly with α9 subunits for function. Here we assessed whether cholinergic ligands can enable or uncover ionic functions from homomeric α10 nAChRs. Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human α10 subunits were exposed to a panel of ligands and examined for receptor activation using voltage-clamp electrophysiology. Functional expression of human α10 nAChRs was achieved by exposing the oocytes to the alkaloids strychnine, brucine, or methyllycaconitine. Furthermore, acute exposure to the alkaloid ligands significantly enhanced ionic responses. Acetylcholine-gated currents mediated by α10 nAChRs were potently inhibited by the snake toxins α-bungarotoxin and α-cobratoxin but not by α-conotoxins that target α9 and α9α10 nAChRs. Our findings indicate that human α10 homomers are expressed in oocytes and exposure to certain ligands can enable ionic functions. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that human α10 subunits can assemble as functional homomeric nAChRs. These findings have potential implications for receptor regulatory-mechanisms and will enable structural, functional, and further pharmacological characterization of human α10 nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik J. Hone
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- MIRECC, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - J. Michael McIntosh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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17
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Doepner M, Lee I, Natale CA, Brathwaite R, Venkat S, Kim SH, Wei Y, Vakoc CR, Capell BC, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS, Feigin ME, Ridky TW. Endogenous DOPA inhibits melanoma through suppression of CHRM1 signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn4007. [PMID: 36054350 PMCID: PMC10848963 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma risk is 30 times higher in people with lightly pigmented skin versus darkly pigmented skin. Using primary human melanocytes representing the full human skin pigment continuum and preclinical melanoma models, we show that cell-intrinsic differences between dark and light melanocytes regulate melanocyte proliferative capacity and susceptibility to malignant transformation, independent of melanin and ultraviolet exposure. These differences result from dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), a melanin precursor synthesized at higher levels in melanocytes from darkly pigmented skin. We used both high-throughput pharmacologic and genetic in vivo CRISPR screens to determine that DOPA limits melanocyte and melanoma cell proliferation by inhibiting the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (CHRM1) signaling. Pharmacologic CHRM1 antagonism in melanoma leads to depletion of c-Myc and FOXM1, both of which are proliferation drivers associated with aggressive melanoma. In preclinical mouse melanoma models, pharmacologic inhibition of CHRM1 or FOXM1 inhibited tumor growth. CHRM1 and FOXM1 may be new therapeutic targets for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Doepner
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Inyoung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Natale
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roderick Brathwaite
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Swati Venkat
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yiliang Wei
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Brian C. Capell
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John A. Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Benita S. Katzenellenbogen
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Michael E. Feigin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Todd W. Ridky
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Shi VY, Burney W, Shakhbazova A, Pan A, Hassoun LA, Sharma S, Sivamani RK. The Effect of Synthetic Acetylhexapeptide-8 (AH8) on Sebaceous Function. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 44:477-483. [PMID: 35690997 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the in vitro and clinical effects of topical acetylhexapeptide-8 (AH8) on the appearance of oily skin. METHODS In vitro SEB-1 human sebocyte cell lines were exposed to different concentrations of AH8 , then the lipid content of the sebocytes was measured. For the randomized, controlled, split-face clinical study, participants received AH8 10% lotion formulated in Cetaphil Moisturizing Facial Lotion on one side of their face and the control vehicle lotion on the other side of their face. Facial oiliness was assessed by a trained physician using a 3-point grading system, high-resolution digital photographs, and a sebumeter (SM815). Participants also filled out self-assessments of their skin oiliness. RESULTS The in vitro experiments showed that sebocyte lipid content significantly decreased after AH8 treatment (p < 0.05 at 0.00005% AH8 , p=0.09 at 0.0005% AH8 , p < 0.05 at 0.005% AH8,and p < 0.001 at 0.025% AH8). In the clinical study, participants trended towards a 10% reduction (p=0.16) in sebum production after AH8 treatment in comparison to the vehicle treatment. CONCLUSION AH8 inhibits the accumulation of lipids in sebocytes in vitro without altering cell proliferation or SREBP-1 expression. Topical AH8 trended toward decreased sebum production in human participants. The use of AH8 may serve as a promising agent to reduce sebocyte lipid production and the appearance of oily skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Y Shi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Waqas Burney
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Integrative Skin and Science Research, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anastasia Shakhbazova
- University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA.,Integrative Skin and Science Research, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Adrianne Pan
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA.,Integrative Skin and Science Research, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Shreya Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raja K Sivamani
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA.,California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA.,Integrative Skin and Science Research, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
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19
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Saadatpour F, Mohammadipanah F. Enhancement of bactericidal effect of Chlorhexidine using choline augmentation as a natural additive. Am J Infect Control 2022; 50:39-48. [PMID: 34058268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term use of Chlorhexidine (CHG) at high concentrations has detrimental effects on health and the environment. This research was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial capacity of CHG in the presence of choline as a natural additive to reduce the amount CHG required for the activity. METHODS The newly obtained formulation was evaluated for its stability and efficiency under physicochemical stresses. The checkerboard test was also performed to evaluate the type of CHG-additive interaction in a combinational state. RESULTS The MIC of CHG was reduced up to five-fold in combination with choline at the concentration of 50mg/L and five log cfu/mL at 3 minutes of exposure. Chlorhexidine activity in combination with choline was preserved 20% more in the presence of interfering substances. The activity between CHG and choline was demonstrated as synergistic with FICI of 0.375. At sub MIC concentrations of both CHG (≤20 mg/L) and choline (≤6 mg/L) the observed interaction was synergy. While the significant interaction at high concentrations for both compounds was indifferent manner. The lysis effect of the CHG 20 mg/L was diminished in the presence of choline. CONCLUSIONS Our suggested CHG formulation demonstrated rapid antimicrobial efficacy which can be a useful adjunct to infection control strategies currently employed in healthcare facilities. In conclusion, CHG can be combined with natural compounds as additives for enhanced synergistic antimicrobial activity.
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20
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Stegemann A, Raker V, Del Rey A, Steinbrink K, Böhm M. Expression of the α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Is Critically Required for the Antifibrotic Effect of PHA-543613 on Skin Fibrosis. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:446-456. [PMID: 34120115 DOI: 10.1159/000517772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Targeting the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) has recently been suggested as a potential new treatment for fibrotic skin diseases. Here, we performed a genetic and pharmacologic approach to clarify the role of this receptor in the bleomycin (BLM) mouse model of skin fibrosis using α7nAChR KO mice. METHODS We analyzed the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in murine skin using quantitative RT-PCR, pepsin digestion/SDS-PAGE of proteins and performed hydroxyproline assays as well as histological/immunohistochemical staining of skin sections. To identity the target cells of the α7nAChR agonist PHA-543613, we used murine dermal fibroblasts (MDF). We tested their response to the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and utilized gene silencing to elucidate the role of the α7nAChR. RESULTS We confirmed our previous findings on C3H/HeJ mice and detected a suppressive effect of PHA-543613 on BLM-induced skin fibrosis in the mouse strain C57BL/6J. This antifibrotic effect of PHA-543613 was abrogated in α7nAChR-KO mice. Interestingly, α7nAChR-KO animals exhibited a basal profibrotic signature by higher RNA expression of ECM genes and hydroxyproline content than WT mice. In WT MDF, PHA-543613 suppressed ECM gene expression induced by TGF-β1. Gene silencing of α7nAChR by small interfering RNA neutralized the effects of PHA-543613 on TGF-β1-mediated ECM gene expression. CONCLUSION In summary, we have identified the α7nAChR as the essential mediator of the antifibrotic effect of PHA-543613. MDF are directly targeted by PHA-543613 to suppress collagen synthesis. Our findings emphasize therapeutic exploitation of α7nAChR receptor agonists in fibrotic skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatha Stegemann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Raker
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adriana Del Rey
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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21
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Nielsen TØ, Herlin MK, Linnet KM, Beniczky S, Sommerlund M, Granild-Jensen JB, Gregersen PA. Autosomal dominant sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy caused by a previously unreported CHRNA4 variant. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Rho NK, Gil YC. Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A in the Treatment of Facial Seborrhea and Acne: Evidence and a Proposed Mechanism. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:817. [PMID: 34822601 PMCID: PMC8626011 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intradermal injection of botulinum neurotoxin is a frequently performed procedure in aesthetic dermatology to improve facial skin tone, texture, fine wrinkles, and enlarged pores. In practice, botulinum neurotoxin type A is also used to reduce skin oiliness of the face. There is increasing evidence that acetylcholine plays specific roles in sebum production, suggesting that botulinum neurotoxin type A may reduce sebum production by interfering with cholinergic transmission between sebaceous glands and autonomic nerve terminals. Botulinum neurotoxins can also inhibit several pathogenetic components of acne development, suggesting that botulinum neurotoxins can be used as a safe and effective treatment modality for acne and other skin disorders related to overactivity of sebaceous glands. This review aims to explore the current evidence behind the treatment of facial seborrhea and acne with botulinum neurotoxin type A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nark-Kyoung Rho
- Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06355, Korea;
- Leaders Aesthetic Laser & Cosmetic Surgery Center, Seoul 06014, Korea
| | - Young-Chun Gil
- Department of Anatomy, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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23
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Neuroinflammation Modulation via α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Its Chaperone, RIC-3. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206139. [PMID: 34684720 PMCID: PMC8539643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely expressed in or on various cell types and have diverse functions. In immune cells nAChRs regulate proliferation, differentiation and cytokine release. Specifically, activation of the α7 nAChR reduces inflammation as part of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Here we review numerous effects of α7 nAChR activation on immune cell function and differentiation. Further, we also describe evidence implicating this receptor and its chaperone RIC-3 in diseases of the central nervous system and in neuroinflammation, focusing on multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Deregulated neuroinflammation due to dysfunction of α7 nAChR provides one explanation for involvement of this receptor and of RIC-3 in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we also provide evidence implicating α7 nAChRs and RIC-3 in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) involving neuroinflammation. Besides, we will describe the therapeutic implications of activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway for diseases involving neuroinflammation.
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24
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Shen SY, Ren LQ, Chen HD, Zhu HF, Zhou DF, Zhang B, Tan XQ, Xie YH. Geniposide protects pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced injury via α7nAchR-mediated TLR-4/MyD88 signaling. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1234. [PMID: 34539830 PMCID: PMC8438699 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Geniposide is a bioactive iridoid glucoside derived from Gardenia jasminoides that has proven anti-inflammatory effects against acute lung injury. The aim of this study was to determine whether geniposide could protect pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury and to explore the participation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), which was previously reported to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-stimulated macrophages. In the present study, rat PASMCs were isolated and stimulated using LPS. The effect of geniposide on LPS-induced PASMC injury was then explored. Geniposide exerted anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-treated PASMCs, as demonstrated by the downregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines, respectively. Furthermore, the α7nAChR agonist PNU282987 accentuated the protective effect of geniposide against LPS-induced injury in PASMCs by inhibiting toll-like receptor-4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (TLR-4/MyD88) signaling and downregulating nuclear factor (NF)-κB expression. Conversely, methyllycaconitine, an inhibitor of α7nAChR, attenuated the effects of geniposide. These findings collectively suggested that in conjunction with geniposide, the activation of α7nAChR may contribute to further mitigating LPS-induced PASMC apoptosis and inflammation. In addition, the underlying mechanisms critically involve the NF-κB/MyD88 signaling axis. These results may provide novel insights into the treatment and management of lung diseases via geniposide administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Ying Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430033, P.R. China
| | - Li-Quan Ren
- Department of Medical Services, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430033, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Dong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Fei Zhu
- Hubei Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P.R. China
| | - Deng-Feng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430033, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430033, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qin Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430033, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hua Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430033, P.R. China
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25
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Lauriano ER, Capillo G, Icardo JM, Fernandes JMO, Kiron V, Kuciel M, Zuwala K, Guerrera MC, Aragona M, Germana' A, Zaccone G. Neuroepithelial cells (NECs) and mucous cells express a variety of neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter receptors in the gill and respiratory air-sac of the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Siluriformes, Heteropneustidae): a possible role in local immune defence. ZOOLOGY 2021; 148:125958. [PMID: 34399394 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2021.125958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Heteropneustes fossilis is an air-breathing teleost inhabiting environments with very poor O2 conditions, and so it has evolved to cope with hypoxia. In the gills and respiratory air-sac, the sites for O2 sensing and the response to hypoxia rely on the expression of acetylcholine (Ach) acting via its nicotinic receptor (nAChR). This study examined the expression patterns of neuronal markers and some compounds in the NECs of the gills and respiratory air sac having an immunomodulatory function in mammalian lungs. Mucous cells, epithelial cells and neuroepithelial cells (NECs) were immunopositive to a variety of both neuronal markers (VAChT, nAChR, GABA-B-R1 receptor, GAD679) and the antimicrobial peptide piscidin, an evolutionary conserved humoral component of the mucosal immune system in fish. We speculate that Ach release via nAChR from mucous cells may be modulated by GABA production in the NECs and it is required for the induction of mucus production in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The presence of piscidin in mucous cells may act in synergy with the autocrine/paracrine signals of Ach and GABA binding to GABA B R1B receptor that may play a local immunomodulatory function in the mucous epithelia of the gills and the respiratory air sac. The potential role of the NECs in the immunobiological behaviour of the gill/air-sac is at moment a matter of speculation. The extent to which the NECs as such may participate is elusive at this stage and waits investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy; Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology - National Research Council (IRBIM, CNR), Spianata S. Raineri, 86, 98122, Messina, Italy.
| | - Jose Manuel Icardo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Poligono de Cazona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, 39011, Spain
| | | | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049, Bodo, Norway
| | - Michal Kuciel
- Poison Information Centre, Department of Toxicology and Environmental Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Jagellonian University, Kopernika 15, 30501, Cracow, Poland
| | - Krystyna Zuwala
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, 30387, Poland
| | - Maria Cristina Guerrera
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Germana'
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Zaccone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
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26
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Andrade JM, Domínguez-Martín EM, Nicolai M, Faustino C, Rodrigues LM, Rijo P. Screening the dermatological potential of plectranthus species components: antioxidant and inhibitory capacities over elastase, collagenase and tyrosinase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:257-269. [PMID: 33322969 PMCID: PMC7808741 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1862099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of Plectranthus spp. plant extracts (aqueous, acetonic, methanolic and ethyl acetic) obtained from eight different species, and previously isolated compounds (ranging from polyphenols, diterpenes and triterpenes), were assayed for in vitro inhibition of the skin-related enzymes tyrosinase, collagenase and elastase, and for studying their antioxidant properties. The ethyl acetic extracts of P. grandidentatus and P. ecklonii registered the highest antioxidant activity, whereas acetonic, methanolic and ethyl acetic extracts of P. ecklonii, P. grandidentatus, P. madagascariensis and P. saccatus concerning the enzymatic inhibition assays revealed high anti-tyrosinase and anti-collagenase activities. From the isolated compounds tested, abietane diterpenes and triterpenes were highly active against tyrosinase and elastase activity. Overall, the experimental results showed the powerful antioxidant and inhibitory action on skin-related enzymes tyrosinase, collagenase and elastase of Plectranthus spp. extracts and/or isolated compounds, supporting their further research as bioactive metabolites against skin sagging and hyperpigmentation in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M Andrade
- Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eva María Domínguez-Martín
- Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Nicolai
- Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Célia Faustino
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon (ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Monteiro Rodrigues
- Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Rijo
- Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal.,Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon (ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
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27
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Yonekawa MKA, Penteado BDB, Dal'Ongaro Rodrigues A, Lourenço EMG, Barbosa EG, das Neves SC, de Oliveira RJ, Marques MR, Silva DB, de Lima DP, Beatriz A, Oses JP, Dos S Jaques JA, Santos EDAD. l-Hypaphorine and d-hypaphorine: Specific antiacetylcholinesterase activity in rat brain tissue. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 47:128206. [PMID: 34146704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChEis) inhibitors are used to treat neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). l-Hypaphorine (l-HYP) is a natural indole alkaloid that has been shown to have effects on the central nervous system (CNS). The goal of this research was to synthesize l-HYP and d-HYP and test their anticholinesterasic properties in rat brain regions. l-HYP suppressed acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity only in the cerebellum, whereas d-HYP inhibited AChE activity in all CNS regions studied. No cytotoxic effect on normal human cells (HaCaT) was observed in the case of l-HYP and d-HYP although an increase in cell proliferation. Molecular modeling studies revealed that d-HYP and l-HYP have significant differences in their binding mode positions and interact stereospecifically with AChE's amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo K A Yonekawa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Geral e de Microrganismos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Bruna de B Penteado
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Geral e de Microrganismos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Amanda Dal'Ongaro Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Geral e de Microrganismos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Estela M G Lourenço
- Laboratório de Pesquisa 4, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Euzébio G Barbosa
- Departamento de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Silvia C das Neves
- Centro de Estudos e Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, NHU, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo J de Oliveira
- Centro de Estudos e Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, NHU, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Maria R Marques
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Geral e de Microrganismos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Denise B Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Dênis P de Lima
- Laboratório de Pesquisa 4, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Adilson Beatriz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa 4, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Jean P Oses
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Geral e de Microrganismos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Jeandre A Dos S Jaques
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Geral e de Microrganismos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Edson Dos A Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Geral e de Microrganismos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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28
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Ertle CM, Rommel FR, Tumala S, Moriwaki Y, Klein J, Kruse J, Gieler U, Peters EMJ. New Pathways for the Skin's Stress Response: The Cholinergic Neuropeptide SLURP-1 Can Activate Mast Cells and Alter Cytokine Production in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631881. [PMID: 33815383 PMCID: PMC8012551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (Chrna7) plays an essential anti-inflammatory role in immune homeostasis and was recently found on mast cells (MC). Psychosocial stress can trigger MC hyperactivation and increases pro-inflammatory cytokines in target tissues such as the skin. If the cholinergic system (CS) and Chrna7 ligands play a role in these cascades is largely unknown. Objective: To elucidate the role of the CS in the response to psychosocial stress using a mouse-model for stress-triggered cutaneous inflammatory circuits. Methods: Key CS markers (ACh, Ch, SLURP-1, SLURP-2, Lynx1, Chrm3, Chrna7, Chrna9, ChAT, VAChT, Oct3, AChE, and BChE) in skin and its MC (sMC), MC activation, immune parameters (TNFα, IL1β, IL10, TGFβ, HIF1α, and STAT3) and oxidative stress were analyzed in skin from 24 h noise-stressed mice and in cultured MC (cMC) from C57BL/6 or Chrna7-Knockout mice. Results: First, Chrna7 and SLURP-1 mRNA were exclusively upregulated in stressed skin. Second, histomorphometry located Chrna7 and SLURP-1 in nerves and sMC and demonstrated upregulated contacts and increased Chrna7+ sMC in stressed skin, while 5 ng/mL SLURP-1 degranulated cMC. Third, IL1β+ sMC were high in stressed skin, and while SLURP-1 alone had no significant effect on cMC cytokines, it upregulated IL1β in cMC from Chrna7-KO and in IL1β-treated wildtype cMC. In addition, HIF1α+ sMC were high in stressed skin and Chrna7-agonist AR-R 17779 induced ROS in cMC while SLURP-1 upregulated TNFα and IL1β in cMC when HIF1α was blocked. Conclusions: These data infer that the CS plays a role in the regulation of stress-sensitive inflammatory responses but may have a surprising pro-inflammatory effect in healthy skin, driving IL1β expression if SLURP-1 is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M Ertle
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank R Rommel
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Tumala
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Moriwaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jochen Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter N260, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Kruse
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Gieler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eva M J Peters
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Charité Center 12 for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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29
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Jung JM, Lee KH, Kim YJ, Chang SE, Lee MW, Choi JH, Won CH, Lee WJ. Assessment of Overall and Specific Cancer Risks in Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa. JAMA Dermatol 2021; 156:844-853. [PMID: 32459291 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Importance Large population-based studies investigating the risks of overall and specific cancers among patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are limited. Objective To assess the overall and specific cancer risks in patients with HS compared with the risks in patients without HS in the Republic of Korea. Design, Setting, and Participants A nationwide population-based cohort study, using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database was conducted over a 2-year period from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2008. Individuals in the control group who were never diagnosed with HS or cancer during the washout period were randomly extracted and matched by age, sex, index year, and insurance type at a case-control ratio of 1:8, and patients with newly diagnosed HS between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2017, were included. Follow-up data on incident cancer from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018, were included. Main Outcomes and Measures The overall and specific cancer incidence rates were calculated per 100 000 person-years in patients with HS and in the matched control cohort. The risk for cancers was assessed by multivariable Cox regression models in patients with HS compared with the matched control cohort. Results In total, 22 468 patients with HS and 179 734 matched controls were included in the study. The mean (SD) age was 33.63 (17.61) years and 63.7% of the participants in both groups were male. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of overall cancer in patients with HS was 1.28 (95% CI, 1.15-1.42). Patients with HS had significantly higher risk for Hodgkin lymphoma (aHR, 5.08; 95% CI, 1.21-21.36), oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer (aHR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.60-6.02), central nervous system cancer (aHR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.22-4.70), nonmelanoma skin cancer (HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.12-3.79), prostate cancer (aHR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.30-3.24), and colorectal cancer (aHR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.09-1.93). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, HS appeared to be associated with a significantly increased risk of overall cancer as well as several specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Min Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye-Jee Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Woo Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Ho Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Won
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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30
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The effects of simulated childbirth trauma on the gene expression of neurotransmitter receptors in the bladder of female rats. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 120:1305-1313. [PMID: 33472764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To investigate the effects of simulated childbirth on the gene expression of parasympathetic muscarinic, purinergic (P2X), and neurokinin receptors of lower urinary tract in rats. METHODS In all, twenty-four primiparous pregnant Sprague-Dawley female rats were equally divided into three groups: (1). Control group; 8 rats, (2) intra-vaginal balloon dilation for 2 h group; 8 rats, (3) and for 4 h group; 8 rats. After balloon dilatation for 4 months, all rats were sacrificed. We analyzed the gene expression of parasympathetic muscarinic, purinergic (P2X), and neurokinin receptors by real-time quantitative PCR (q-PCR). We quantified pro-inflammatory cytokines of TNF-α and IL-6 by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The urodynamic parameters and micturition frequency by cystometry (CMG) were recorded. RESULTS Our results showed that the balloon dilation significantly increased micturition frequency and modified peak micturition pressure compare to those in the control groups. Balloon dilation significantly decreased voiding interval and bladder volume compared to those in the control groups. Gene expressions of M3 muscarinic, P2X3 purinergic receptors, and significantly increased following balloon dilation for 2 hours and 4 hours than those in the control group. In addition, we found that NK1R and NK3R receptors were significantly decreased after balloon dilation compare to control group. The marked increase of TNF-α and IL-6 were also seen in the 2 balloon groups. CONCLUSION The results of our study suggested that birth trauma may impair the function of urinary tract, this being partly related to the changes in the gene expression of the neurotransmitter receptors of the lower urinary tract.
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31
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Tan MWY, Tan WR, Kong ZQ, Toh JH, Wee WKJ, Teo EML, Cheng HS, Wang X, Tan NS. High Glucose Restraint of Acetylcholine-Induced Keratinocyte Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Is Mitigated by p38 Inhibition. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1438-1449.e9. [PMID: 33333125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-neuronal acetylcholine (Ach) plays important roles in various aspects of cell biology and homeostasis outside the neural system. Keratinocytes (KCs) have a functional cholinergic mechanism, suggesting that they respond to Ach. However, the physiological role and mechanism by which Ach modulates wound KC behavior in both nondiabetic and diabetic conditions are unexplored. We found an enrichment in neurotransmitter-related pathways in microdissected-migrating nondiabetic and diabetic KCs. We showed that Ach upregulated TGFβRII through Src-extracellular signal‒regulated kinase 1/2 pathway to potentiate TGFβ1-mediated epithelial‒mesenchymal transition in normoglycemic condition. Unexpectedly, KCs were nonresponsive to the elevated endogenous Ach in a hyperglycemic environment. We further showed that the activation of p38 MAPK in high glucose condition interferes with Src-extracellular signal‒regulated kinase 1/2 signaling, resulting in Ach resistance that could be rescued by inhibiting p38 MAPK. A better understanding of the cholinergic physiology in diabetic KCs could improve wound management and care. The finding suggests that mitigating the inhibitory effect of diabetic wound microenvironment has a direct clinical implication on the efficacy and safety of various wound healing agents to improve chronic diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wei Yi Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Ren Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ze Qing Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Hong Toh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Kiat Jonathan Wee
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erica Mei Ling Teo
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Sheng Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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The multiple biological roles of the cholinesterases. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 162:41-56. [PMID: 33307019 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is tacitly assumed that the biological role of acetylcholinesterase is termination of synaptic transmission at cholinergic synapses. However, together with its structural homolog, butyrylcholinesterase, it is widely distributed both within and outside the nervous system, and, in many cases, the role of both enzymes remains obscure. The transient appearance of the cholinesterases in embryonic tissues is especially enigmatic. The two enzymes' extra-synaptic roles, which are known as 'non-classical' roles, are the topic of this review. Strong evidence has been presented that AChE and BChE play morphogenetic roles in a variety of eukaryotic systems, and they do so either by acting as adhesion proteins, or as trophic factors. As trophic factors, one mode of action is to directly regulate morphogenesis, such as neurite outgrowth, by poorly understood mechanisms. The other mode is by regulating levels of acetylcholine, which acts as the direct trophic factor. Alternate substrates have been sought for the cholinesterases. Quite recently, it was shown that levels of the aggression hormone, ghrelin, which also controls appetite, are regulated by butyrylcholinesterase. The rapid hydrolysis of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase generates high local proton concentrations. The possible biophysical and biological consequences of this effect are discussed. The biological significance of the acetylcholinesterases secreted by parasitic nematodes is reviewed, and, finally, the involvement of acetylcholinesterase in apoptosis is considered.
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Zouboulis CC, Benhadou F, Byrd AS, Chandran NS, Giamarellos‐Bourboulis EJ, Fabbrocini G, Frew JW, Fujita H, González‐López MA, Guillem P, Gulliver WPF, Hamzavi I, Hayran Y, Hórvath B, Hüe S, Hunger RE, Ingram JR, Jemec GB, Ju Q, Kimball AB, Kirby JS, Konstantinou MP, Lowes MA, MacLeod AS, Martorell A, Marzano AV, Matusiak Ł, Nassif A, Nikiphorou E, Nikolakis G, Nogueira da Costa A, Okun MM, Orenstein LA, Pascual JC, Paus R, Perin B, Prens EP, Röhn TA, Szegedi A, Szepietowski JC, Tzellos T, Wang B, van der Zee HH. What causes hidradenitis suppurativa ?—15 years after. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:1154-1170. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos C. Zouboulis
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology Dessau Medical Center Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg Dessau Germany
| | - Farida Benhadou
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Hôpital Erasme Universite Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Angel S. Byrd
- Department of Dermatology Howard University College of Medicine Washington DC USA
| | - Nisha S. Chandran
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine National University Hospital Singapore
| | - Evangelos J. Giamarellos‐Bourboulis
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School Athens Greece
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Section of Dermatology Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | | | - Hideki Fujita
- Division of Cutaneous Science Department of Dermatology Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Marcos A. González‐López
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Division of Dermatology Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla University of Cantabria IDIVAL Santander Spain
| | - Philippe Guillem
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Surgery Clinique du Val d’Ouest (Lyon), ResoVerneuil (Paris) and Groupe de Recherche en Proctologie de la Société Nationale Française de ColoProctologie Paris France
| | - Wayne P. F. Gulliver
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Faculty of Medicine Memorial University of Newfoundland, and NewLab Clinical Research Inc St. John's Canada
| | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Department of Dermatology Henry Ford Hospital Wayne State University Detroit MI USA
| | - Yildiz Hayran
- Department of Dermatology Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital Ankara Turkey
| | - Barbara Hórvath
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology University Medical Centre Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert E. Hunger
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - John R. Ingram
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology & Academic Wound Healing Division of Infection and Immunity Cardiff University Cardiff UK
| | - Gregor B.E. Jemec
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
| | - Qiang Ju
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology RenJi Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Alexa B. Kimball
- Department of Dermatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Joslyn S. Kirby
- Department of Dermatology Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey PA USA
| | - Maria P. Konstantinou
- Dermatology Department Paul Sabatier University University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | | | - Amanda S. MacLeod
- Department of Dermatology Department of Immunology Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Duke University Durham NC USA
| | - Antonio Martorell
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Hospital of Manises Valencia Spain
| | - Angelo V. Marzano
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Dermatology Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Łukasz Matusiak
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Wrocław Medical University Wrocław Poland
| | - Aude Nassif
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Institut Pasteur Paris France
| | - Elena Nikiphorou
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases King’s College London, and Department of Rheumatology King’s College Hospital London UK
| | - Georgios Nikolakis
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology Dessau Medical Center Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg Dessau Germany
| | - André Nogueira da Costa
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine Early Respiratory and Immunology Biopharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | | | - José Carlos Pascual
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Alicante University General Hospital Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL‐FISABIO Foundation) Alicante Spain
| | - Ralf Paus
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Benjamin Perin
- Division of Dermatology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Errol P. Prens
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Till A. Röhn
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Novartis Pharma AG Basel Switzerland
| | - Andrea Szegedi
- Division of Dermatological Allergology Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Jacek C. Szepietowski
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Wrocław Medical University Wrocław Poland
| | - Thrasyvoulos Tzellos
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Nordland Hospital Trust Bodø Norway
| | - Baoxi Wang
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Plastic Surgery Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Hessel H. van der Zee
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
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Postoperative Administration of the Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor, Donepezil, Interferes with Bone Healing and Implant Osseointegration in a Rat Model. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091318. [PMID: 32937955 PMCID: PMC7563209 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor commonly used to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Its use has been associated with increased bone mass in humans and animals. However, the effect of postoperative administration of donepezil on bone healing remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of postoperative injection of donepezil on bone healing, titanium-implant osseointegration, and soft tissue healing. Twenty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive a daily dose of either donepezil (0.6 mg/kg) or saline as a control. In each rat, a uni-cortical defect was created in the right tibia metaphysis and a custom-made titanium implant was placed in the left tibiae. After two weeks, rats were euthanized, and their bones were analysed by Micro-CT and histology. The healing of bone defect and implant osseointegration in the rats treated with donepezil were significantly reduced compared to the saline-treated rats. Histomorphometric analysis showed lower immune cell infiltration in bone defects treated with donepezil compared to the saline-treated defects. On the other hand, the healing time of soft tissue wounds was significantly shorter in donepezil-treated rats compared to the controls. In conclusion, short-term administration of donepezil hinders bone healing whereas enhancing soft tissue healing.
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D'Alia S, Guarasci F, Bartucci L, Caloiero R, Guerrieri ML, Soraci L, Colombo D, Crescibene L, Onder G, Volpato S, Cherubini A, Ruggiero C, Corsonello A, Lattanzio F, Fabbietti P. Hand Grip Strength May Affect the Association Between Anticholinergic Burden and Mortality Among Older Patients Discharged from Hospital. Drugs Aging 2020; 37:447-455. [PMID: 32415534 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-020-00766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The relationship between anticholinergic burden and mortality is unclear, and the impact of anticholinergic burden on prognosis may vary in the presence of other conditions common in old age. We aimed to investigate the role of hand grip strength as a potential effect modifier in the association between anticholinergic burden and 1-year mortality in older patients discharged from hospital. METHODS Our series consisted of 620 older patients consecutively admitted to seven geriatric and internal medicine acute care wards in the context of a prospective multicenter observational study. Overall anticholinergic burden was assessed by Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) score. Hand grip strength was assessed by the use of a North Coast medical hand dynamometer and categorized by using sex-specific cut-offs (women < 15 kg, men < 20 kg). The study outcome was 1-year mortality. Statistical analysis was performed by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, the co-occurrence of an ACB score of 2 or more and low hand grip strength was significantly associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-6.01). Stratified analysis confirmed that an ACB score of 2 or more was associated with mortality among patients with low (HR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.08-5.02), but not normal hand grip strength (HR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.13-3.52). The association was confirmed among patients with low hand grip strength after adjusting for the ACB score at the 3-month follow-up (HR = 2.20; 95% CI 1.09-4.87), as well as when considering the ACB score as a continuous variable (HR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.03-1.48). CONCLUSIONS The ACB score at discharge may predict mortality among older patients discharged from an acute care hospital with low hand grip strength. Hospital physicians should be aware that prescribing anticholinergic medications in such a vulnerable population may have negative prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia D'Alia
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, Scientific Research Institute-Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona and Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Guarasci
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, Scientific Research Institute-Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona and Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Luca Bartucci
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Scientific Research Institute-Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona and Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ramona Caloiero
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Scientific Research Institute-Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona and Cosenza, Italy
| | - Maurizio Leonardo Guerrieri
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Scientific Research Institute-Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona and Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luca Soraci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Colombo
- Unit of Rehabilitative Pneumology, Scientific Research Institute-Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Casatenovo, Italy
| | - Lucia Crescibene
- Clinical Laboratory, Scientific Research Institute-Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Cosenza, Italy
| | - Graziano Onder
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Carmelinda Ruggiero
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Corsonello
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, Scientific Research Institute-Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona and Cosenza, Italy.,Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Scientific Research Institute-Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona and Cosenza, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Lattanzio
- Scientific Direction, Scientific Research Institute-Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Fabbietti
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, Scientific Research Institute-Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona and Cosenza, Italy
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36
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Stegemann A, Flis D, Ziolkowski W, Distler JHW, Steinbrink K, Böhm M. The α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: A Promising Target for the Treatment of Fibrotic Skin Disorders. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2371-2379. [PMID: 32335129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeting neuroendocrine receptors can be considered as another interesting approach to treating fibrotic disorders. Previously, we could demonstrate that tropisetron, a classical serotonin receptor blocker, can modulate collagen synthesis and acts in vitro through the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAchR). Here, we used a pharmacologic approach with specific α7nAchR agonists to validate this hypothesis. PHA-543613, an α7nAchR-specific agonist, not only prevented but also reversed established skin fibrosis of mice injected with bleomycin. Interestingly, agonistic stimulation of α7nAchR also attenuated experimental skin fibrosis in the non-inflammation driven adenovirus coding for TGFβ receptor Iact mouse model, indicating fibroblast-mediated and not only anti-inflammatory effects of such agents. The fibroblast-mediated effects were confirmed in vitro using human dermal fibroblasts, in which the α7nAchR-specific agonists strongly reduced the impact of TGFβ1-mediated expression on collagen and myofibroblast marker expression. These actions were linked to modulation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor JunB and impairment of the mitochondrial respiratory system. Our results indicate that pharmacologic stimulation of the α7nAchR could be a promising target for treatment of patients with skin fibrotic diseases. Moreover, our results suggest a mechanistic axis of collagen synthesis regulation through the mitochondrial respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatha Stegemann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Damian Flis
- Department of Bioenergetics and Nutrition, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wieslaw Ziolkowski
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Institute for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Are There Differences Between Intradermal and Intramuscular Injections of Botulinum Toxin on the Forehead? Dermatol Surg 2020; 46:e126-e131. [DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000002379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Słoniecka M, Danielson P. Acetylcholine decreases formation of myofibroblasts and excessive extracellular matrix production in an in vitro human corneal fibrosis model. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4850-4862. [PMID: 32176460 PMCID: PMC7176861 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) has been reported to play various physiological roles, including wound healing in the cornea. Here, we study the role of ACh in the transition of corneal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and in consequence its role in the onset of fibrosis, in an in vitro human corneal fibrosis model. Primary human keratocytes were obtained from healthy corneas. Vitamin C (VitC) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) were used to induce fibrosis in corneal fibroblasts. qRT‐PCR and ELISA analyses showed that gene expression and production of collagen I, collagen III, collagen V, lumican, fibronectin (FN) and alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) were reduced by ACh in quiescent keratocytes. ACh treatment furthermore decreased gene expression and production of collagen I, collagen III, collagen V, lumican, FN and α‐SMA during the transition of corneal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, after induction of fibrotic process. ACh inhibited corneal fibroblasts from developing contractile activity during the process of fibrosis, as assessed with collagen gel contraction assay. Moreover, the effect of ACh was dependent on activation of muscarinic ACh receptors. These results show that ACh has an anti‐fibrotic effect in an in vitro human corneal fibrosis model, as it negatively affects the transition of corneal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Therefore, ACh might play a role in the onset of fibrosis in the corneal stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Słoniecka
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrik Danielson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Ben-David Y, Kagan S, Cohen Ben-Ami H, Rostami J, Mizrahi T, Kulkarni AR, Thakur GA, Vaknin-Dembinsky A, Healy LM, Brenner T, Treinin M. RIC3, the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, and neuroinflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106381. [PMID: 32179243 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels having many functions including inflammation control, as part of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Genome wide association studies implicated RIC3, a chaperone of nAChRs, in multiple sclerosis (MS), a neuroinflammatory disease. To understand the involvement of RIC3 in inflammatory diseases we examined its expression, regulation, and function in activated immune cells. Our results show that immune activation leads to dynamic changes in RIC3 expression, in a mouse model of MS and in human lymphocytes and macrophages. We also show similarities in the expression dynamics of RIC3 and CHRNA7, encoding for the α7 nAChR subunit. Homomeric α7 nAChRs were shown to mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of cholinergic agonists. Thus, similarity in expression dynamics between RIC3 and CHRNA7 is suggestive of functional concordance. Indeed, siRNA mediated silencing of RIC3 in a mouse macrophage cell line eliminates the anti-inflammatory effects of cholinergic agonists. Furthermore, we show increased average expression of RIC3 and CHRNA7 in lymphocytes from MS patients, and a strong correlation between expression levels of these two genes in MS patients but not in healthy donors. Together, our results are consistent with a role for RIC3 and for the mechanisms regulating its expression in inflammatory processes and in neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Ben-David
- Medical Neurobiology, Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sara Kagan
- Medical Neurobiology, Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Cohen Ben-Ami
- Medical Neurobiology, Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jinar Rostami
- Molecular Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tehila Mizrahi
- Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital and Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abhijit R Kulkarni
- Pharmaceutical Science, Bouve College of Health Science, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Ganesh A Thakur
- Pharmaceutical Science, Bouve College of Health Science, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky
- Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital and Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luke M Healy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Talma Brenner
- Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital and Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Millet Treinin
- Medical Neurobiology, Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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40
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Clayton RW, Langan EA, Ansell DM, de Vos IJHM, Göbel K, Schneider MR, Picardo M, Lim X, van Steensel MAM, Paus R. Neuroendocrinology and neurobiology of sebaceous glands. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:592-624. [PMID: 31970855 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system communicates with peripheral tissues through nerve fibres and the systemic release of hypothalamic and pituitary neurohormones. Communication between the nervous system and the largest human organ, skin, has traditionally received little attention. In particular, the neuro-regulation of sebaceous glands (SGs), a major skin appendage, is rarely considered. Yet, it is clear that the SG is under stringent pituitary control, and forms a fascinating, clinically relevant peripheral target organ in which to study the neuroendocrine and neural regulation of epithelia. Sebum, the major secretory product of the SG, is composed of a complex mixture of lipids resulting from the holocrine secretion of specialised epithelial cells (sebocytes). It is indicative of a role of the neuroendocrine system in SG function that excess circulating levels of growth hormone, thyroxine or prolactin result in increased sebum production (seborrhoea). Conversely, growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency result in reduced sebum production and dry skin. Furthermore, the androgen sensitivity of SGs appears to be under neuroendocrine control, as hypophysectomy (removal of the pituitary) renders SGs largely insensitive to stimulation by testosterone, which is crucial for maintaining SG homeostasis. However, several neurohormones, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, can stimulate sebum production independently of either the testes or the adrenal glands, further underscoring the importance of neuroendocrine control in SG biology. Moreover, sebocytes synthesise several neurohormones and express their receptors, suggestive of the presence of neuro-autocrine mechanisms of sebocyte modulation. Aside from the neuroendocrine system, it is conceivable that secretion of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters from cutaneous nerve endings may also act on sebocytes or their progenitors, given that the skin is richly innervated. However, to date, the neural controls of SG development and function remain poorly investigated and incompletely understood. Botulinum toxin-mediated or facial paresis-associated reduction of human sebum secretion suggests that cutaneous nerve-derived substances modulate lipid and inflammatory cytokine synthesis by sebocytes, possibly implicating the nervous system in acne pathogenesis. Additionally, evidence suggests that cutaneous denervation in mice alters the expression of key regulators of SG homeostasis. In this review, we examine the current evidence regarding neuroendocrine and neurobiological regulation of human SG function in physiology and pathology. We further call attention to this line of research as an instructive model for probing and therapeutically manipulating the mechanistic links between the nervous system and mammalian skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Clayton
- Centre for Dermatology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.,Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Mandalay Road, #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore
| | - Ewan A Langan
- Centre for Dermatology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.,Department of Dermatology, Allergology und Venereology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - David M Ansell
- Centre for Dermatology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.,Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Ivo J H M de Vos
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Mandalay Road, #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore
| | - Klaus Göbel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Mandalay Road, #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore.,Department of Dermatology, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne, The University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Xinhong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Maurice A M van Steensel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Mandalay Road, #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.,Dr. Phllip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, RMSB 2023A, Miami, FL, 33136, U.S.A.,Monasterium Laboratory, Mendelstraße 17, Münster, 48149, Germany
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41
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Abu Zeid O, Abdel-Aziz A, Rashed LA, Said ER. Role of the cutaneous extraneuronal cholinergic system in the pathogenesis of psoriasis: a case-control study. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 45:432-437. [PMID: 31614011 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although during recent years there have been considerable advances in elucidating the mechanisms of psoriasis pathogenesis, its full understanding is still distant. A cholinergic dysfunction has been proposed in the pathophysiology of some inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis. AIM To determine tissue levels of acetylcholine (ACh) and its muscarinic and nicotinic receptors (mAChR and nAChR) in psoriasis vulgaris lesions in comparison with normal control skin. METHODS This case-control study included 30 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 30 controls. A 4-mm punch skin biopsy was taken from the psoriatic plaques of patients and normal skin of controls. ACh level was measured in tissues using the colorimetric method, while mAChR and nAChR gene expression was determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS The level of ACh was significantly higher in patients (mean ± SD: 5.95 ± 2.69) than in controls (1.12 ± 0.34) (P < 0.001). mAChR and nAChR expressions were significantly higher in patients compared with the controls (P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was detected between the expression of nAChR in patients and the duration of psoriasis (r = 0.46, P = 0.01), and the body mass index of the patients correlated positively with both nAChR (r = 0.40, P = 0.027) and mAChR expression (r = 0.448, P = 0.013). CONCLUSION Abnormalities in the cutaneous extraneuronal cholinergic system could be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The high expression of nAChRs in patients with longer disease durations might represent an attempt by the body to regulate the inflammatory cascade in psoriatic lesions. The high expression of mAChR in psoriatic lesions may provide a link between psoriasis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Abu Zeid
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - L A Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - E R Said
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Corsonello A, Cozza A, D'Alia S, Onder G, Volpato S, Ruggiero C, Cherubini A, Di Rosa M, Fabbietti P, Lattanzio F. The excess mortality risk associated with anticholinergic burden among older patients discharged from acute care hospital with depressive symptoms. Eur J Intern Med 2019; 61:69-74. [PMID: 30449478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between anticholinergic burden and mortality is controversial, and the impact of anticholinergic burden on prognosis may vary in presence of other conditions common in old age. We aimed at investigating the role of depressive symptoms as potential effect modifiers in the association between anticholinergic burden and 1-year mortality in older patients discharged from hospital. METHODS Our series consisted of 576 older patients consecutively admitted to seven geriatric and internal medicine acute care wards in the context of a prospective multicenter observational study. Overall anticholinergic burden was assessed by Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) score. Depressive symptoms were assessed by 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The study outcome was all-cause mortality during 12-months follow-up. Statistical analysis was carried out by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, discharge ACB score = 2 or more was significantly associated with the outcome among patients with GDS > 5 (HR = 3.70; 95%CI = 1.18-11.6), but not among those with GDS ≤ 5 (HR = 2.32; 95%CI = 0.90-6.24). The association was confirmed among depressed patients after adjusting for ACB score at 3-month follow-up (HR = 3.58; 95%CI = 1.21-10.7), as well as when considering ACB score as a continuous variable (HR = 1.42; 95%CI = 1.10-1.91). The interaction between ACB score at discharge and BADL dependency was statistically significant (p < .005). CONCLUSIONS ACB score at discharge may predict mortality among older patients discharged from acute care hospital carrying high GDS score e. Hospital physician should be aware that prescribing anticholinergic medications in such a vulnerable population may have negative prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Corsonello
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona and Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Cozza
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona and Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sonia D'Alia
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona and Cosenza, Italy
| | - Graziano Onder
- Department of Gerontology, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpato
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal and Cardiorespiratory Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmelinda Ruggiero
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatria, Accettazione geriatrica e Centro di Ricerca per l'Invecchiamento, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mirko Di Rosa
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona and Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Fabbietti
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona and Cosenza, Italy
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Stegemann A, Böhm M. Tropisetron via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor suppresses tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated cell responses of human keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:276-282. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agatha Stegemann
- Department of Dermatology; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology; University of Münster; Münster Germany
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Lattanzio F, Onder G, La Fauci MM, Volpato S, Cherubini A, Fabbietti P, Ruggiero C, Garasto S, Cozza A, Crescibene L, Tarsitano A, Corsonello A. Anticholinergic Burden is Associated With Increased Mortality in Older Patients With Dependency Discharged From Hospital. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018; 19:942-947. [PMID: 30049542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether anticholinergic burden may predict differently 1-year mortality in older patients discharged from acute care hospitals with or without dependency in basic activities of daily living (BADL). DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Our series consisted of 807 patients aged 65 years or older consecutively discharged from 7 acute care geriatric wards throughout Italy between June 2010 and May 2011. MEASURES Overall anticholinergic burden was assessed by the anticholinergic cognitive burden (ACB) score. Dependency was rated by BADL, and dependency in at least 1 BADL was considered as a potential mediator in the analysis. The study outcome was all-cause mortality during 12-months of follow-up. RESULTS Patients included in the study were aged 81.0 ± 7.4 years, and 438 (54.3%) were female. During the follow-up period, 177 out of 807 participants (21.9%) died. After adjusting for potential confounders, discharge ACB score = 2 or more was significantly associated with the outcome among patients with dependency in at least 1 BADL [hazard ratio (HR) 2.25 95% confidence (CI) 1.22‒4.14], but not among independent ones (HR 1.06 95% CI 0.50‒2.34). The association was confirmed among dependent patients after adjusting for the number of lost BADL at discharge (HR 2.20 95% CI 1.18‒4.04) or ACB score at 3-month follow-up (HR 2.18 95% CI 1.20‒3.98), as well as when considering ACB score as a continuous variable (HR 1.28 95% CI 1.11‒1.49). The interaction between ACB score at discharge and BADL dependency was highly significant (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS ACB score at discharge may predict mortality among older patients discharged from an acute care hospital carrying at least 1 BADL dependency. Hospital physicians should be aware that prescribing anticholinergic medications in this population may have negative prognostic implications and they should try to reduce anticholinergic burden at discharge whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Lattanzio
- Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Ancona and Cosenza, Italy
| | - Graziano Onder
- Department of Gerontology, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Volpato
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Internal and Cardiorespiratory Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Ancona and Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Fabbietti
- Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Ancona and Cosenza, Italy
| | - Carmelinda Ruggiero
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Garasto
- Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Ancona and Cosenza, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cozza
- Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Ancona and Cosenza, Italy
| | - Lucia Crescibene
- Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Ancona and Cosenza, Italy
| | - Assunta Tarsitano
- Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Ancona and Cosenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Corsonello
- Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Ancona and Cosenza, Italy.
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Jafferany M, Davari ME. Itch and psyche: psychiatric aspects of pruritus. Int J Dermatol 2018; 58:3-23. [PMID: 29917231 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Itch, also referred to as pruritus, is an unpleasant cutaneous sensation provoking the desire to scratch. It is often an uncomfortable, subjective sensation responsible for decreased quality of life in a variety of psychodermatological conditions. Comorbid psychiatric conditions, including depression and anxiety, are frequently associated with itch and scratch cycle. The reciprocal and intricate relationship between the psyche and itch has been widely studied. The neurobiology of itch involves the complexity of specific mediators, itch-related neuronal pathways, and central processing of itch. The connection between itch and the psyche can be grouped under three headings: pruritic diseases with psychosocial sequelae, pruritic diseases aggravated by psychosocial factors, and psychiatric disorders causing pruritus. Itch and pain modulation go together in most circumstances and involve various substances including histamine, interleukins, protease-activated receptors, transient receptor potential receptors, opioids, and cannabinoids. The close interaction between keratinocytes and nerve endings modulating pain and itch also play a major role. Management of itch associated with its psychosomatic components is directed at an underlying cause and adopting a holistic approach to address not only dermatologic and somatosensory aspects, but also the cognitive, emotional, and psychosocial components. An integrated multidisciplinary team consisting of a dermatologist, psychiatrist, psychologist, and social worker is vital in addressing the multifaceted aspects of pruritus.
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Uspenska K, Lykhmus O, Arias HR, Pons S, Maskos U, Komisarenko S, Skok M. Positive allosteric modulators of α7* or β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors trigger different kinase pathways in mitochondria. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 99:226-235. [PMID: 29704624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) regulate the early stage of mitochondria-driven apoptosis, including cytochrome c release. Mitochondrial nAChR signaling is mainly mediated by intra-mitochondrial kinases, in an ion-independent manner. To determine the relationship between specific nAChR subtypes and mitochondrial kinases, the effects of a set of nAChR subtype-selective positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) on cytochrome c release from mouse liver mitochondria stimulated by 0.9 μM Ca2+, 0.5 mM H2O2 or 1.0 μM wortmanin is studied. The results indicate that Ca2+-stimulated cytochrome c release from wild-type, but not α7-/-, mice mitochondria is attenuated by the potent agonist PNU-282987 or type II PAMs (PNU-120596, 4BP-TQS, and PAM-2-4), but not by NS-1738, a type I PAM. In contrast, wortmannin-stimulated cytochrome c release from wild-type and, to a lesser extent, α7-/- mice mitochondria is efficiently attenuated by the β2-selective PAM desformylfrustrabromine. In conclusion, the ligand-evoked α7* nAChR conformational changes required to induce intra-mitochondrial signaling can be triggered through orthosteric (agonists) and transmembrane (type II PAMs) sites, but not by the interaction with type I PAMs. The α7 and β2 nAChR subunits are responsible for the engagement of distinct kinase pathways, supporting the concept that multiple heteromeric nAChR subtypes ensure mitochondria resistance to various exogenous and endogenous apoptogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Uspenska
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha str., 01030, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Lykhmus
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha str., 01030, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Hugo R Arias
- CONICET, Godoy Cruz, 2290, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stephanie Pons
- Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Serghiy Komisarenko
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha str., 01030, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Skok
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, 9, Leontovycha str., 01030, Kyiv, Ukraine.
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Uberti F, Morsanuto V, Ghirlanda S, Ruga S, Clemente N, Boieri C, Boldorini R, Molinari C. Highly Diluted Acetylcholine Promotes Wound Repair in an In Vivo Model. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2018; 7:121-133. [PMID: 29675337 PMCID: PMC5905879 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2017.0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Wound healing is a dynamic, interactive, and complex process that involves a series of events, including inflammation, migration, proliferation, granulation tissue formation, and matrix remodeling. Despite the high frequency of serious slow-healing wounds, there is still no adequate therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate a new highly diluted acetylcholine (Ach) formulation obtained through a sequential kinetic activation (SKA) method applied to a wound healing in vivo model to verify the hypothesis that a low dose of Ach could be a more physiological stimulus for healing, by stimulating muscarinic and nicotinic receptors and their related intracellular pathways. Approach: Two different concentrations (10 fg/mL and 1 pg/mL) and two formulations (either kinetically or nonkinetically activated) of Ach were used to verify the wound healing process. Area closure, histological aspect, and nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), Nestin, and von Willebrand's factor have been assessed by Western blot or ELISA and compared to 147 ng/mL Ach, used as positive control. Moreover, the systemic effect through plasmatic radical oxygen species (ROS) production and Ach concentration has been evaluated. Results: Ach SKA 1 pg/mL revealed a significant capacity to restore the integrity of tissue compared to other formulation and this effect was more evident after a single administration. Innovation: Topical application on skin of Ach SKA 1 pg/mL accelerates wound closure stimulating non-neuronal cholinergic system. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate for the first time the importance in an in vivo model of highly diluted SKA Ach during wound healing, suggesting a potential use in skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Uberti
- Physiology Laboratory, Department of Translational Medicine, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Vera Morsanuto
- Physiology Laboratory, Department of Translational Medicine, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Sabrina Ghirlanda
- Physiology Laboratory, Department of Translational Medicine, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Ruga
- Physiology Laboratory, Department of Translational Medicine, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Boieri
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Claudio Molinari
- Physiology Laboratory, Department of Translational Medicine, UPO, Novara, Italy
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Garg A, Papagermanos V, Midura M, Strunk A. Incidence of hidradenitis suppurativa among tobacco smokers: a population-based retrospective analysis in the U.S.A. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:709-714. [PMID: 28960235 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between tobacco use and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is controversial. OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of HS among tobacco smokers. METHODS Retrospective cohort analysis identifying incident HS cases among adult tobacco smokers and nonsmokers sampled from a demographically heterogeneous population-based sample of over 50 million unique patients across all census regions in the U.S.A. RESULTS We identified 3 924 310 tobacco smokers, which included 7860 patients newly diagnosed with HS. Tobacco smokers diagnosed with HS were most commonly aged 18-39 years (3795 of 7860; 48·3%), women (5640 of 7860; 71·8%), white (5200 of 7860; 66·2%) and those with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 (5690 of 7860; 72·4%). Overall incidence of HS was 0·20% (7860 of 3 924 310) among tobacco smokers and 0·11% (8430 of 8 027 790) among nonsmokers (P < 0·001). Incidence was greatest among tobacco smokers who were aged 30-39 years (0·35%), women (0·28%), African Americans (0·46%) and those with BMI ≥ 30 (0·33%). The overall adjusted odds of developing HS was 1·90 (95% confidence interval 1·84-1·96) among tobacco smokers, compared with nonsmokers (P < 0·001). HS incidence among tobacco smokers remained increased within each demographic subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Incidence of HS appears to be doubled among tobacco smokers. These findings may support evidence-based counselling efforts for the cessation of smoking in populations at risk for HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garg
- Department of Dermatology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, U.S.A
| | - V Papagermanos
- Department of Dermatology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, U.S.A
| | - M Midura
- Department of Dermatology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, U.S.A
| | - A Strunk
- Department of Dermatology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, U.S.A
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Li JY, Jiang SK, Wang LL, Zhang MZ, Wang S, Jiang ZF, Liu YL, Cheng H, Zhang M, Zhao R, Guan DW. α7-nAChR Activation Has an Opposite Effect on Healing of Covered and Uncovered Wounds. Inflammation 2017; 41:474-484. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Joseph LB, Composto GM, Perez RM, Kim HD, Casillas RP, Heindel ND, Young SC, Lacey CJ, Saxena J, Guillon CD, Croutch CR, Laskin JD, Heck DE. Sulfur mustard induced mast cell degranulation in mouse skin is inhibited by a novel anti-inflammatory and anticholinergic bifunctional prodrug. Toxicol Lett 2017; 293:77-81. [PMID: 29127031 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM, bis(2-chloroethyl sulfide) is a potent vesicating agent known to cause skin inflammation, necrosis and blistering. Evidence suggests that inflammatory cells and mediators that they generate are important in the pathogenic responses to SM. In the present studies we investigated the role of mast cells in SM-induced skin injury using a murine vapor cup exposure model. Mast cells, identified by toluidine blue staining, were localized in the dermis, adjacent to dermal appendages and at the dermal/epidermal junction. In control mice, 48-61% of mast cells were degranulated. SM exposure (1.4g/m3 in air for 6min) resulted in increased numbers of degranulated mast cells 1-14days post-exposure. Treatment of mice topically with an indomethacin choline bioisostere containing prodrug linked by an aromatic ester-carbonate that targets cyclooxygenases (COX) enzymes and acetylcholinesterase (1% in an ointment) 1-14days after SM reduced skin inflammation and injury and enhanced tissue repair. This was associated with a decrease in mast cell degranulation from 90% to 49% 1-3days post SM, and from 84% to 44% 7-14days post SM. These data suggest that reduced inflammation and injury in response to the bifunctional indomethacin prodrug may be due, at least in part, to abrogating mast cell degranulation. The use of inhibitors of mast cell degranulation may be an effective strategy for mitigating skin injury induced by SM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hong-Duck Kim
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Jaya Saxena
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Diane E Heck
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
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