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Zhang X, Lin W, Lei S, Zhang S, Cheng Y, Chen X, Lu Y, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Guo C. The anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf extract: Modulating cholesterol homeostasis in hepatocytes via PPARα pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117532. [PMID: 38048892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Polyporaceae, P.cocos), which is born on the pine root, has a history of more than two thousand years of medicine in China. P.cocos was first recorded in the Shennong's Herbal Classic, studies have proved its lipid-lowering effect. AIM OF STUDY The aim of study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of P.cocos extract on hyperlipidemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 9-12 weeks were intraperitoneally (IP) injected with Triton-WR 1339 to establish an acute hyperlipidemia model. At 0 h and 20 h after the model was established, low and high doses of P.cocos extract or simvastatin were given twice. After 48 h, the rats were sacrificed, and liver and serum samples were collected for analysis. The cell model was constructed by treating L02 cells with 1% fat emulsion-10% FBS-RPMI 1640 medium for 48 h. At the same time, low and high doses of P.cocos extract and simvastatin were administered. Oil red O staining was used to evaluate the lipid accumulation in the cells, and H&E staining was used to evaluate the liver lesions of rats. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expressions of lipid metabolism-related genes. RESULTS P.cocos extract relieved lipid accumulation in vitro and alleviated hyperlipidemia in vivo. Both gene and protein expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) were shown to be up-regulated by P.cocos extract. Additionally, P.cocos extract down-regulated the expressions of fatty acid synthesis-related genes sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), while up-regulated the expressions of cholesterol metabolism-related genes liver X receptor-α (LXRα), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which were reversed by the treatment with the PPARα inhibitor GW6471. CONCLUSION P.cocos extract ameliorates hyperlipidemia and lipid accumulation by regulating cholesterol homeostasis in hepatocytes through PPARα pathway. This study provides evidence that supplementation with P.cocos extract could be a potential strategy for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shuyue Lei
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yujie Cheng
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xijing Chen
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chaorui Guo
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Rezk MNN, Ahmed SM, Gaber SS, Mohammed MM, Yousri NA, Welson NN. Curcumin protects against lamotrigine-induced chronic ovarian and uterine toxicity in rats by regulating PPAR-γ and ROS production. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23599. [PMID: 38050455 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Lamotrigine (LTG) is an antiepileptic drug with possible adverse effects on the female reproductive system. Curcumin was declared to improve ovarian performance. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify ovulatory dysfunction (OD) associated with LTG and the role of curcumin in ameliorating this dysfunction. Adult female Wister albino rats were assigned into four groups: negative control (received saline), positive control (received curcumin only), LTG, and LTG with curcumin groups. Drugs were administered for 90 days. The hormonal profile, including testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, in addition to the lipid profile and glycemic analysis, were tested. Oxidative stress biomarkers analysis in the ovaries and uterus and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) gene expression were also included. Histopathological examination of ovarian and uterine tissues and immunohistochemical studies were also performed. Curcumin could improve the OD related to chronic LTG intake. That was proved by the normalization of the hormonal profile, glycemic control, lipidemic status, oxidative stress markers, and PPAR-γ gene expression. The histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of ovarian and uterine tissues revealed an improvement after curcumin administration. The results describe an obvious deterioration in ovarian performance with LTG through the effect on lipidemic status, PPAR-γ gene, and creating an oxidative stress condition in the ovaries of chronic users, with a prominent improvement with curcumin addition to the treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam N N Rezk
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Sabreen Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Delegated to Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Shereen S Gaber
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Nada A Yousri
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Nermeen N Welson
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Musazadeh V, Roshanravan N, Mohammadizadeh M, Kavyani Z, Dehghan P, Mosharkesh E. Curcumin as a novel approach in improving lipid profile: An umbrella meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2493-2504. [PMID: 36058763 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Several meta-analyses exist supporting the beneficial effects of curcumin supplementation on lipid profile parameters; however, some studies' findings are inconsistent. Therefore, the current umbrella of meta-analysis of clinical trials was performed to evaluate the findings of multiple meta-analyses on the efficacy of curcumin on lipid profiles in adults. DATA SYNTHESIS A comprehensive systematic search of PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar were carried out up to May 2022 (in English only). Random-effects model was employed to conduct meta-analysis. The quality assessment of the selected meta-analyses was measured using a measurement tool to assess multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR). From 101 articles returned in the literature search, 19 articles were met the qualified for inclusion in the umbrella meta-analysis. The results revealed that the curcumin supplementation was effective on reduction of total cholesterol (TC) (ES = -0.81 mg/dl; 95% CI: 1.39, -0.24, p = 0.006; I2 = 68.8%, p < 0.001), triglycerides (TG) (ES: 0.84 mg/dl, 95% CI: 1.42, -0.27, p = 0.004; I2 = 84.2%, p < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (ES: 0.49 mg/dl, 95%CI: 0.85, -0.13, p = 0.007; I2 = 51.9%, p = 0.004). Beyond that, Curcumin intake significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (ES: 1.34 mg/dl, 95% CI: 0.37, 2.31, p = 0.007; I2 = 97.8%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Curcumin have ameliorating effects on TC, TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c levels. Overall, Curcumin could be recommended as an adjuvant anti-hyperlipidemic agent. REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO, CRD42021289500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vali Musazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Mohammadizadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Zeynab Kavyani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Erfan Mosharkesh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Laka K, Makgoo L, Mbita Z. Cholesterol-Lowering Phytochemicals: Targeting the Mevalonate Pathway for Anticancer Interventions. Front Genet 2022; 13:841639. [PMID: 35391801 PMCID: PMC8981032 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.841639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a plethora of cancer causes and the road to fully understanding the carcinogenesis process remains a dream that keeps changing. However, a list of role players that are implicated in the carcinogens process is getting lengthier. Cholesterol is known as bad sterol that is heavily linked with cardiovascular diseases; however, it is also comprehensively associated with carcinogenesis. There is an extensive list of strategies that have been used to lower cholesterol; nevertheless, the need to find better and effective strategies remains vastly important. The role played by cholesterol in the induction of the carcinogenesis process has attracted huge interest in recent years. Phytochemicals can be dubbed as magic tramp cards that humans could exploit for lowering cancer-causing cholesterol. Additionally, the mechanisms that are regulated by phytochemicals can be targeted for anticancer drug development. One of the key role players in cancer development and suppression, Tumour Protein 53 (TP53), is crucial in regulating the biogenesis of cholesterol and is targeted by several phytochemicals. This minireview covers the role of p53 in the mevalonate pathway and how bioactive phytochemicals target the mevalonate pathway and promote p53-dependent anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zukile Mbita
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
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5
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Waiz M, Alvi SS, Khan MS. Potential dual inhibitors of PCSK-9 and HMG-R from natural sources in cardiovascular risk management. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:47-76. [PMID: 35221836 PMCID: PMC8859648 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) stands amongst the leading causes of mortality worldwide and has attracted the attention of world's leading pharmaceutical companies in order to tackle such mortalities. The low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is considered the most prominent biomarker for the assessment of ASCVD risk. Distinct inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-R), the chief hepatic cholesterogenic enzyme, are being used since last seven decades to manage hypercholesterolemia. On the other hand, discovery and the association of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK-9) with increased ASCVD risk have established PCSK-9 as a novel therapeutic target in cardiovascular medicine. PCSK-9 is well reckoned to facilitate the LDL-receptor (LDL-R) degradation and compromised LDL-C clearance leading to the arterial atherosclerotic plaque formation. The currently available HMG-R inhibitors (statins) and PCSK-9 inhibitors (siRNA, anti-sense oligonucleotides, and monoclonal antibodies) have shown great promises in achieving LDL-C lowering goals, however, their life long prescriptions have raised significant concerns. These deficits associated with the synthetic HMG-R and PCSK-9 inhibitors called for the discovery of alternative therapeutic candidates with potential dual HMG-R and PCSK-9 inhibitory activities from natural origins. Therefore, this report firstly describes the mechanistic insights into the cholesterol homeostasis through HMG-R, PCSK-9, and LDL-R functionality and then compiles the pharmacological effects of natural secondary metabolites with special emphasis on their dual HMG-R and PCSK-9 inhibitory action. In conclusion, various natural products exhibit atheroprotective effects via targeting HMG-R and PCSK-9 activities and lipoprotein metabolism, however, further clinical assessments are still warranted prior their approval for ASCVD risk management in hypercholesterolemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Waiz
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - Sahir Sultan Alvi
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - M Salman Khan
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
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Sun P, Zhao L, Zhang N, Zhou J, Zhang L, Wu W, Ji B, Zhou F. Bioactivity of Dietary Polyphenols: The Role in LDL-C Lowering. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112666. [PMID: 34828946 PMCID: PMC8617782 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of the death around the world. An elevation of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. To achieve optimal plasma LDL-C levels, clinal therapies were investigated which targeted different metabolism pathways. However, some therapies also caused various adverse effects. Thus, there is a need for new treatment options and/or combination therapies to inhibit the LDL-C level. Dietary polyphenols have received much attention in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases due to their potential LDL-C lowering effects. However, the effectiveness and potential mechanisms of polyphenols in lowering LDL-C is not comprehensively summarized. This review focused on dietary polyphenols that could reduce LDL-C and their mechanisms of action. This review also discussed the limitations and suggestions regarding previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Nanhai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Jingxuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Liebing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Baoping Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-7129
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Zhang HA, Kitts DD. Turmeric and its bioactive constituents trigger cell signaling mechanisms that protect against diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3785-3814. [PMID: 34106380 PMCID: PMC8187459 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Turmeric, the rhizome of Curcuma longa plant belonging to the ginger family Zingiberaceae, has a history in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of chronic diseases, including metabolic and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This parallels a prevalence of age- and lifestyle-related diseases, especially CVD and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and associated mortality which has occurred in recent decades. While the chemical composition of turmeric is complex, curcuminoids and essential oils are known as two major groups that display bioactive properties. Curcumin, the most predominant curcuminoid, can modulate several cell signaling pathways involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of CVD, T2D, and related morbidities. Lesser bioactivities have been reported from other curcuminoids and essential oils. This review examines the chemical compositions of turmeric, and related bioactive constituents. A focus was placed on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the protective effects of turmeric and turmeric-derived compounds against diabetes and CVD, compiled from the findings obtained with cell-based and animal models. Evidence from clinical trials is also presented to identify potential preventative and therapeutic efficacies. Clinical studies with longer intervention durations and specific endpoints for assessing health outcomes are warranted in order to fully evaluate the long-term protective efficacy of turmeric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Amelie Zhang
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David D Kitts
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Yang J, Miao X, Yang FJ, Cao JF, Liu X, Fu JL, Su GF. Therapeutic potential of curcumin in diabetic retinopathy (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:75. [PMID: 33693955 PMCID: PMC7949626 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a type of retinal microangiopathy caused by diabetes mellitus. It has become the leading cause of blindness among working individuals worldwide. DR is becoming increasingly common among younger diabetic patients and there is a need for lifelong treatment. The pathogenic mechanisms of DR are influenced by a number of factors, such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, inflammatory response and oxidative stress, among others. Currently, the treatment methods for DR mainly include retinal photocoagulation, vitrectomy, or anti‑vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. However, these methods have some disadvantages and limitations. Therefore, it is a matter of great interest and urgency to discover drugs that can target the pathogenesis of DR. Since ancient times, traditional Chinese medicine practitioners have accumulated extensive experiences in the use of Chinese herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of diseases. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, curcumin has the effects of promoting blood circulation and relieving pain. A number of studies have also demonstrated that curcumin has multiple biological activities, including exerting anti‑apoptotic, anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor properties. In recent years, studies have also confirmed that curcumin can prevent a variety of diabetic complications, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the preventive and curative effects of curcumin on DR and its mechanisms of action have not yet been fully elucidated. The present review aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of curcumin in diabetes mellitus and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Miao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Juan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Feng Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ling Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Fang Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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Naturally Occurring PCSK9 Inhibitors. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051440. [PMID: 32429343 PMCID: PMC7284437 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic, epidemiological and pharmacological data have led to the conclusion that antagonizing or inhibiting Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) reduces cardiovascular events. This clinical outcome is mainly related to the pivotal role of PCSK9 in controlling low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. The absence of oral and affordable anti-PCSK9 medications has limited the beneficial effects of this new therapeutic option. A possible breakthrough in this field may come from the discovery of new naturally occurring PCSK9 inhibitors as a starting point for the development of oral, small molecules, to be used in combination with statins in order to increase the percentage of patients reaching their LDL-cholesterol target levels. In the present review, we have summarized the current knowledge on natural compounds or extracts that have shown an inhibitory effect on PCSK9, either in experimental or clinical settings. When available, the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of the listed compounds are described.
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Shafabakhsh R, Reiner Ž, Hallajzadeh J, Mirsafaei L, Asemi Z. Are anti-inflammatory agents and nutraceuticals - novel inhibitors of PCSK9? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:325-336. [PMID: 32090592 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1731678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a protease which increases the lysosomal degradation of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) resulting in elevated serum LDL-cholesterol levels. Elevated LDL-cholesterol is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Antibodies to PCSK9 decrease LDL-cholesterol. Recent studies have suggested a direct relationship between PCSK9 and inflammation and the potential inhibitory effects of anti-inflammatory agents against this enzyme. Nutraceuticals are natural compounds, which have numerous anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects. In this review we focus on anti-inflammatory substances and nutraceuticals, which are beneficial in treatment of dyslipidemia. We also reviewed the recent findings concerning the role of PCSK9 as the main target for molecular mechanisms of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Liaosadat Mirsafaei
- Department of Cardiology, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Effects of curcumin on body weight, glycemic control and serum lipids in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 36:128-133. [PMID: 32220355 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin on body weight, glycemic control and serum lipids in women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS The current randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 subjects with PCOS, aged 18-40 years old. Subjects were randomly allocated to take 500 mg/day curcumin (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Glycemic control and serum lipids were measured at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. Using RT-PCR method, gene expression related to insulin and lipid metabolism was evaluated. RESULTS Curcumin significantly decreased weight (-0.8 ± 0.9 vs. -0.2 ± 0.8 kg, P = 0.03) and BMI (-0.3 ± 0.4 vs. -0.1 ± 0.3 kg/m2, P = 0.03). Curcumin, compared with the placebo, significantly reduced fasting glucose (β -2.63 mg/dL; 95% CI, -4.21, -1.05; P = 0.002), serum insulin (β -1.16 μIU/mL; 95% CI, -2.12, -0.19; P = 0.02), insulin resistance (β -0.26; 95% CI, -0.48, -0.03; P = 0.02), and significantly increased insulin sensitivity (β 0.006; 95% CI, 0.001, 0.01; P = 0.02). In addition, taking curcumin was associated with a significant reduction in total cholesterol (β -15.86 mg/dL; 95% CI, -24.48, -7.24; P = 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (β -16.09 mg/dL; 95% CI, -25.11, -7.06; P = 0.001) and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (β -0.62; 95% CI, -0.93, -0.30; P < 0.001), and a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol levels (β 2.14 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.36, 3.92; P = 0.01) compared with the placebo. Additionally, curcumin administration up-regulated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) (P = 0.03) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) (P < 0.001) compared with the placebo. CONCLUSIONS Overall, curcumin administration for 12 weeks to women with PCOS had beneficial effects on body weight, glycemic control, serum lipids except triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol levels, and gene expression of PPAR-γ and LDLR. Registered under Clinical Trials.gov Identifier no. http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20170513033941N50.
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Ghelani H, Razmovski-Naumovski V, Chang D, Nammi S. Chronic treatment of curcumin improves hepatic lipid metabolism and alleviates the renal damage in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in Sprague-Dawley rats. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:431. [PMID: 31752737 PMCID: PMC6873446 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD), including nephrotic syndrome, is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The literature indicates that CKD is associated with profound lipid disorders due to the dysregulation of lipoprotein metabolism which progresses kidney disease. The objective of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of curcumin on dyslipidaemia associated with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in rats. Methods Male SD rats (n = 29) were divided into 5 groups for 24 days: normal control (n = 5, normal diet), CKD control (n = 6, 0.75% w/w adenine-supplemented diet), CUR 50 (n = 6, 50 mg/kg/day curcumin + 0.75% w/w adenine-supplemented diet), CUR 100 (n = 6, 100 mg/kg/day curcumin + 0.75% w/w adenine-supplemented diet), and CUR 150 (n = 6, 150 mg/kg/day curcumin + 0.75% w/w adenine-supplemented diet). The serum and tissue lipid profile, as well as the kidney function test, were measured using commercial diagnostic kits. Results The marked rise in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids in serum, as well as hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acids of CKD control rats were significantly protected by curcumin co-treatment (at the dose of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg). Furthermore, curcumin significantly increased the serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol compared to the CKD control rats but did not attenuate the CKD-induced weight retardation. Mathematical computational analysis revealed that curcumin significantly reduced indicators for the risk of atherosclerotic lesions (atherogenic index) and coronary atherogenesis (coronary risk index). In addition, curcumin improved kidney function as shown by the reduction in proteinuria and improvement in creatinine clearance. Conclusion The results provide new scientific evidence for the use of curcumin in CKD-associated dyslipidaemia and substantiates the traditional use of curcumin in preventing kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Ghelani
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Valentina Razmovski-Naumovski
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Srinivas Nammi
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia. .,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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13
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He P, Tian N. Curcumin modulates the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing by coordinating the expression of cytidine deamination to uridine editosome components in primary mouse hepatocytes. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 23:181-189. [PMID: 31080349 PMCID: PMC6488708 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2019.23.3.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, an active ingredient of Curcuma longa L., can reduce the concentration of low-density lipoproteins in plasma, in different ways. We had first reported that curcumin exhibits hypocholesterolemic properties by improving the apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA editing in primary rat hepatocytes. However, the role of curcumin in the regulation of apoB mRNA editing is not clear. Thus, we investigated the effect of curcumin on the expression of multiple editing components of apoB mRNA cytidine deamination to uridine (C-to-U) editosome. Our results demonstrated that treatment with 50 µM curcumin markedly increased the amount of edited apoB mRNA in primary mouse hepatocytes from 5.13%–8.05% to 27.63%–35.61%, and significantly elevated the levels of the core components apoB editing catalytic polypeptide-1 (APOBEC-1), apobec-1 complementation factor (ACF), and RNA-binding-motif-protein-47 (RBM47), as well as suppressed the level of the inhibitory component glycine-arginine-tyrosine-rich RNA binding protein. Moreover, the increased apoB RNA editing by 50 µM curcumin was significantly reduced by siRNA-mediated APOBEC-1, ACF, and RBM47 knockdown. These findings suggest that curcumin modulates apoB mRNA editing by coordinating the multiple editing components of the editosome in primary hepatocytes. Our data provided evidence for curcumin to be used therapeutically to prevent atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan He
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Life Science College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Tian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Life Science College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Perakakis N, Ghaly W, Peradze N, Boutari C, Batirel S, Douglas VP, Mantzoros CS. Research advances in metabolism 2017. Metabolism 2018; 83:280-289. [PMID: 29378200 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Perakakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Wael Ghaly
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Physiology, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Natia Peradze
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chrysoula Boutari
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Saime Batirel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Vivian Paraskevi Douglas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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15
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Zou J, Zhang S, Li P, Zheng X, Feng D. Supplementation with curcumin inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption and prevents atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-fed apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Nutr Res 2018; 56:32-40. [PMID: 30055772 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular disease caused by high cholesterol. Reduced intestinal cholesterol absorption has been shown to exert strong cholesterol-lowering and antiatherogenic effects. Previously, we reported that curcumin reduced cholesterol absorption in high-fat diet-fed hamster by downregulating the intestinal expression of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1. Here, we tested the hypothesis that supplementation with curcumin can also reduce intestinal cholesterol absorption in high-fat diet-fed apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice and prevent atherosclerosis development. ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with or without curcumin (0.1% w/w) for 16 weeks. Aortic sinus sections revealed that curcumin supplementation reduced the extent of atherosclerotic lesions by 45%. Curcumin treatment also reduced cholesterol accumulation in the aortas by 56% and lowered plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Moreover, the antiatherogenic and cholesterol-lowering effects of curcumin coincided with a significant decrease in intestinal cholesterol absorption. It was reduced by nearly 51%, and the decreased cholesterol absorption was modulated by inhibiting the intestinal expression of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1, predominantly in the duodenal and jejunal segments of the small intestine. These findings support the hypothesis that curcumin supplementation reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption and prevents atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice. Curcumin affords a potent antiatherogenic action by inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated NanHai Hospital of Southern Medical University, 528200, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, China
| | - Peiyang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, China
| | - Xiumei Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, China.
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16
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Auger F, Martin F, Pétrault O, Samaillie J, Hennebelle T, Trabelsi MS, Bailleul F, Staels B, Bordet R, Duriez P. Risperidone-induced metabolic dysfunction is attenuated by Curcuma longa extract administration in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:63-77. [PMID: 29034440 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotics, such as risperidone, increase food intake and induce alteration in glucose and lipid metabolism concomitantly with overweight and body fat increase, these biological abnormalities belong to the metabolic syndrome definition (high visceral adiposity, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, low HDL-cholesterol and high blood pressure). Curcumin is a major component of traditional turmeric (Curcuma longa) which has been reported to improve lipid and glucose metabolism and to decrease weight in obese mice. We questioned the potential capacity of curcumin, contained in Curcuma longa extract (Biocurcuma™), to attenuate the risperidone-induced metabolic dysfunction. Two groups of mice were treated once a week, for 22 weeks, with intraperitoneal injection of risperidone (Risperdal) at a dose 12.5 mpk. Two other groups received intraperitoneal injection of the vehicle of Risperdal following the same schedule. Mice of one risperidone-treated groups and of one of vehicle-treated groups were fed a diet with 0.05% Biocurcuma™ (curcumin), while mice of the two other groups received the standard diet. Curcumin limited the capacity of risperidone to reduce spontaneous motricity, but failed to impede risperidone-induced increase in food intake. Curcumin did not reduce the capacity of risperidone to induce weight gain, but decreased visceral adiposity and decreased the risperidone-induced hepatomegaly, but not steatosis. Furthermore, curcumin repressed the capacity of risperidone to induce the hepatic over expression of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism (LXRα, FAS, ACC1, LPL, PPARγ, ACO, SREBP2) and decreased risperidone-induced glucose intolerance and hypertriglyceridemia. Curcumin decreased risperidone-induced increases in serum markers of hepatotoxicity (ALAT, ASAT), as well as of one major hepatic pro-inflammatory transcription factor (NFκB: p105 mRNA and p65 protein). These findings support that nutritional doses of curcumin contained in Curcuma longa extract are able to partially counteract the risperidone-induced metabolic dysfunction in mice, suggesting that curcumin ought to be tested to reduce the capacity of risperidone to induce the metabolic syndrome in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Auger
- Joint Service of Life's Imaging Platform, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1171 - Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Françoise Martin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
- INSERM U 1011, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
- Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (E.G.I.D.), 3508, Lille, FR, France
| | - Olivier Pétrault
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1171 - Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Blood Brain Barrier Physiopathology, University of Artois, Lens, France
| | - Jennifer Samaillie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
- Interdisciplinary Group of Research in Therapeutic Innovation and Optimization, 4481, Lille, EA, France
| | - Thierry Hennebelle
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
- Interdisciplinary Group of Research in Therapeutic Innovation and Optimization, 4481, Lille, EA, France
| | - Mohamed-Sami Trabelsi
- INSERM U 1011, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
- Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (E.G.I.D.), 3508, Lille, FR, France
| | - François Bailleul
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
- Interdisciplinary Group of Research in Therapeutic Innovation and Optimization, 4481, Lille, EA, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
- INSERM U 1011, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
- Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (E.G.I.D.), 3508, Lille, FR, France
| | - Régis Bordet
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1171 - Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Patrick Duriez
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1171 - Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, UDSL, Lille, France.
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lille, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, 59000, Lille, France.
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17
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Lipid lowering agents of natural origin: An account of some promising chemotypes. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:331-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Sultan Alvi S, Ansari IA, Khan I, Iqbal J, Khan MS. Potential role of lycopene in targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 to combat hypercholesterolemia. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:394-403. [PMID: 28412198 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) is a serine protease of the proprotien convertase (PC) family that has profound effects on plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, the major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), through its ability to mediate LDL receptor (LDL-R) protein degradation and reduced recycling to the surface of hepatocytes. Thus, the current study was premeditated not only to evaluate the role of lycopene in targeting the inhibition of PCSK-9 via modulation of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis in HFD rats but also to examine a correlation between HFD induced inflammatory cascades and subsequent regulation of PCSK-9 expression. Besides the effect of lycopene on hepatic PCSK-9 gene expression, PPI studies for PCSK-9-Lycopene complex and EGF-A of LDL-R were also performed via molecular informatics approach to assess the dual mode of action of lycopene in LDL-R recycling and increased removal of circulatory LDL-C. We for the first time deciphered that lycopene treatment significantly down-regulates the expression of hepatic PCSK-9 and HMGR, whereas, hepatic LDL-R expression was significantly up-regulated. Furthermore, lycopene ameliorated inflammation stimulated expression of PCSK-9 via suppressing the expression of inflammatory markers. The results from our molecular informatics studies confirmed that lycopene, while occupying the active site of PCSK-9 crystal structure, reduces the affinity of PCSK-9 to complex with EGF-A of LDL-R, whereas, atorvastatin makes PCSK-9-EGF-A complex formation more feasible than both of PCSK-9-EGF-A alone and Lycopene-PCSK-9-EGF-A complex. Based on above results, it can be concluded that lycopene exhibits potent hypolipidemic activities via molecular mechanisms that are either identical (HMGR inhibition) or distinct from that of statins (down-regulation of PCSK-9 mRNA synthesis). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that lycopene has this specific biological property. Being a natural, safer and alternative therapeutic agent, lycopene could be used as a complete regulator of cholesterol homeostasis and ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahir Sultan Alvi
- Clinical Biochemistry & Natural Product Research Lab., Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Irfan A Ansari
- Clinical Biochemistry & Natural Product Research Lab., Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Imran Khan
- Clinical Biochemistry & Natural Product Research Lab., Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Johar Iqbal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M Salman Khan
- Clinical Biochemistry & Natural Product Research Lab., Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India.
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Wang Z, Zhang K, Zhu Y, Wang D, Shao Y, Zhang J. Curcumin inhibits hypoxia-induced proliferation and invasion of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells via downregulating Notch1. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1747-1752. [PMID: 28138706 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a biologically active ingredient abundantly present in the ground rhizomes of Curcuma longa with a wide range of bioactive properties, including antitumor effects. Hypoxia is a common characteristic of solid tumors, including osteosarcoma. However, whether curcumin has antitumor effects on osteosarcoma under hypoxic conditions, and its underlying molecular mechanisms, remain unclear. The present study demonstrated that the MG‑63 osteosarcoma cell line exhibited increased proliferation and enhanced invasiveness upon exposure to hypoxic conditions. However, these effects were prevented by curcumin treatment. Further investigation revealed that curcumin may inhibit Notch1 upregulation induced by hypoxia. Overexpression of Notch1 via Notch1 cDNA transfection ameliorated curcumin‑inhibited MG‑63 cell growth under hypoxic conditions. Taken together, these data revealed that curcumin may suppress the growth of osteosarcoma cells in hypoxia via inhibiting Notch1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Yangjun Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Dengfeng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiong Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
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20
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Feng D, Zou J, Zhang S, Li X, Lu M. Hypocholesterolemic Activity of Curcumin Is Mediated by Down-regulating the Expression of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 in Hamsters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:276-280. [PMID: 28000447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that curcumin reduces cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 cells through down-regulating Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) expression, but the in vivo effect of curcumin on intestinal cholesterol absorption remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of curcumin consumption on cholesterol absorption in hamsters. Male hamsters were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with or without curcumin (0.05% w/w) for 12 weeks. Curcumin supplementation significantly decreased serum total cholesterol (TC) (from 6.86 ± 0.27 to 3.50 ± 0.24 mmol/L), triglyceride (TG) (from 5.07 ± 0.34 to 3.72 ± 0.40 mmol/L), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (from 2.58 ± 0.19 to 1.71 ± 0.15 mmol/L) levels as well as liver TC (from 11.6 ± 0.05 to 7.2 ± 0.03 mg/g) and TG (from 30.3 ± 0.22 to 25.2 ± 0.18 mg/g) levels (P < 0.05 for all). In contrast, curcumin treatment markedly enhanced fecal cholesterol output (P < 0.01). Moreover, curcumin supplementation down-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) and NPC1L1 in the small intestine (P < 0.05). Our current results indicate that curcumin inhibits cholesterol absorption in hamsters by suppressing SREBP-2 and subsequently down-regulating NPC1L1 expression, which may be responsible for the hypocholesterolemic effects of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated NanHai Hospital of Southern Medical University , Foshan 528200, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xuechun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Minqi Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510080, China
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21
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Li ZY, Ding LL, Li JM, Xu BL, Yang L, Bi KS, Wang ZT. ¹H-NMR and MS based metabolomics study of the intervention effect of curcumin on hyperlipidemia mice induced by high-fat diet. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120950. [PMID: 25786031 PMCID: PMC4364983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a principle bioactive component of Curcuma longa L, is well known for its anti-hyperlipidemia effect. However, no holistic metabolic information of curcumin on hyperlipidemia models has been revealed, which may provide us an insight into the underlying mechanism. In the present work, NMR and MS based metabolomics was conducted to investigate the intervention effect of curcumin on hyperlipidemia mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for 12 weeks. The HFD induced animals were orally administered with curcumin (40, 80 mg/kg) or lovastatin (30 mg/kg, positive control) once a day during the inducing period. Serum biochemistry assay of TC, TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c was conducted and proved that treatment of curcumin or lovastatin can significantly improve the lipid profiles. Subsequently, metabolomics analysis was carried out for urine samples. Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was employed to investigate the anti-hyperlipidemia effect of curcumin and to detect related potential biomarkers. Totally, 35 biomarkers were identified, including 31 by NMR and nine by MS (five by both). It turned out that curcumin treatment can partially recover the metabolism disorders induced by HFD, with the following metabolic pathways involved: TCA cycle, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, synthesis of ketone bodies and cholesterol, ketogenesis of branched chain amino acid, choline metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. Besides, NMR and MS based metabolomics proved to be powerful tools in investigating pharmacodynamics effect of natural products and underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yun Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Ding
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Mei Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bao-Li Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai-Shun Bi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (KSB); (ZTW)
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (KSB); (ZTW)
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22
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Tai MH, Chen PK, Chen PY, Wu MJ, Ho CT, Yen JH. Curcumin enhances cell-surface LDLR level and promotes LDL uptake through downregulation of PCSK9 gene expression in HepG2 cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2133-45. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hsueh Tai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
| | - Po-Kong Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chen
- Center of Medical Genetics; Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital; Hualien Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology; Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science; Rutgers University; NJ USA
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
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23
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Tu Y, Sun D, Zeng X, Yao N, Huang X, Huang D, Chen Y. Piperine potentiates the hypocholesterolemic effect of curcumin in rats fed on a high fat diet. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:260-266. [PMID: 24944632 PMCID: PMC4061201 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It has previously been demonstrated that curcumin possesses a hypocholesterolemic effect and potentiates numerous pharmacological effects of curcumin, however, the mechanisms underlying this hypocholesterolemic effect and the interaction between curcumin and piperine remain to be elucidated. In the present study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish a hyperlipidemia (HLP) model. Co-administration of curcumin plus piperine was found to decrease the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum and liver, as well as increase the levels of fecal TC, TG and total bile acid, compared with administration of curcumin alone. Curcumin plus piperine also markedly increased the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, compared with administration of curcumin alone, administration of curcumin plus piperine resulted in a significant upregulation of the activity and gene expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI), lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). In conclusion, these results indicated that co-administration of curcumin plus piperine potentiates the hypocholesterolemic effects of curcumin by increasing the activity and gene expression of ApoAI, CYP7A1, LCAT and LDLR, providing a promising combination for the treatment of HLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaosheng Tu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacological Research Office, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Sun
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacological Research Office, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zeng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacological Research Office, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacological Research Office, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacological Research Office, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Dane Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacological Research Office, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacological Research Office, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
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Apoptosis of THP-1 derived macrophages induced by sonodynamic therapy using a new sonosensitizer hydroxyl acetylated curcumin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93133. [PMID: 24676101 PMCID: PMC3968056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is extracted from the rhizomes of the traditional Chinese herb Curcuma longa. Our previous study indicated curcumin was able to function as a sonosensitizer. Hydroxyl acylated curcumin was synthesized from curcumin to eliminate the unstable hydroxy perssad in our group. The potential use of Hydroxyl acylated curcumin as a sonosensitizer for sonodynamic therapy (SDT) requires further exploration. This study investigated the sonodynamic effect of Hydroxyl acylated curcumin on THP-1 macrophage. THP-1 macrophages were cultured with Hydroxyl acylated curcumin at a concentration of 5.0 μg/mL for 4 hours and then exposed to pulse ultrasound irradiation (0.5 W/cm2 with 1.0 MHz ) for 5 min, 10 min and 15 min. Six hours later, cell viability decreased significantly by CCK-8 assay. After ultrasound irradiation, the ratio of apoptosis and necrosis in SDT group was higher than that in control, Hydroxyl acylated curcumin alone and ultrasound alone. Moreover, the apoptotic rate was higher than necrotic rate with the flow cytometry analysis. Furthermore, Hydroxyl acylated curcumin-SDT induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in THP-1 macrophages immediately after the ultrasound treatment while ROS generation was reduced significantly with the scavenger of singlet oxygen Sodium azide (NaN3). Hydroxyl acylated curcumin-SDT led to a conspicuous loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) compared with other groups, while MMP was increased significantly with the scavenger of singlet oxygen Sodium azide (NaN3), ROS inhibitor N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore (MPTP) inhibitor Cyclosporin A (CsA). The cytochrome C, cleaved-Caspase-9, cleaved-Caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP upregulated after SDT through Western blotting. These findings suggested that Hydroxyl acylated curcumin under low-intensity ultrasound had sonodynamic effect on THP-1 macrophages via generation of intracellular singlet oxygen and mitochondria-caspase signaling pathway, indicating that Hydroxyl acylated curcumin could be used as a novel sonosensitizer in SDT for atherosclerosis.
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Bairwa K, Grover J, Kania M, Jachak SM. Recent developments in chemistry and biology of curcumin analogues. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00227j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Canfrán-Duque A, Pastor Ó, Quintana-Portillo R, Lerma M, de la Peña G, Martín-Hidalgo A, Fernández-Hernando C, Lasunción MA, Busto R. Curcumin promotes exosomes/microvesicles secretion that attenuates lysosomal cholesterol traffic impairment. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:687-97. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Canfrán-Duque
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS); Madrid Spain
| | - Óscar Pastor
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Clínica; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal; IRyCIS; Madrid Spain
| | - Rocío Quintana-Portillo
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS); Madrid Spain
| | - Milagros Lerma
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Clínica; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal; IRyCIS; Madrid Spain
| | - Gema de la Peña
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS); Madrid Spain
| | - Antonia Martín-Hidalgo
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS); Madrid Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); ISCIII; Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program; Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology; Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology; New York University School of Medicine; New York NY USA
| | - Miguel A. Lasunción
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS); Madrid Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); ISCIII; Spain
| | - Rebeca Busto
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS); Madrid Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); ISCIII; Spain
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Hasan ST, Zingg JM, Kwan P, Noble T, Smith D, Meydani M. Curcumin modulation of high fat diet-induced atherosclerosis and steatohepatosis in LDL receptor deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2013; 232:40-51. [PMID: 24401215 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consuming curcumin may benefit health by modulating lipid metabolism and suppressing atherogenesis. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABP-4/aP2) and CD36 expression are key factors in lipid accumulation in macrophages and foam cell formation in atherogenesis. Our earlier observations suggest that curcumin's suppression of atherogenesis might be mediated through changes in aP2 and CD36 expression in macrophages. Thus, this study aimed to further elucidate the impact of increasing doses of curcumin on modulation of these molecular mediators on high fat diet-induced atherogenesis, inflammation, and steatohepatosis in Ldlr(-/-) mice. METHODS Ldlr(-/-) mice were fed low fat (LF) or high fat (HF) diet supplemented with curcumin (500 HF + LC; 1000 HF + MC; 1500 HF + HC mg/kg diet) for 16 wks. Fecal samples were analyzed for total lipid content. Lipids accumulation in THP-1 cells and expression of aP2, CD36 and lipid accumulation in peritoneal macrophages were measured. Fatty streak lesions and expression of IL-6 and MCP-1 in descending aortas were quantified. Aortic root was stained for fatty and fibrotic deposits and for the expression of aP2 and VCAM-1. Total free fatty acids, insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol as well as several inflammatory cytokines were measured in plasma. The liver's total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL content were measured, and the presence of fat droplets, peri-portal fibrosis and glycogen was examined histologically. RESULTS Curcumin dose-dependently reduced uptake of oxLDL in THP-1 cells. Curcumin also reduced body weight gain and body fat without affecting fat distribution. During early intervention, curcumin decreased fecal fat, but at later stages, it increased fat excretion. Curcumin at medium doses of 500-1000 mg/kg diet was effective at reducing fatty streak formation and suppressing aortic expression of IL-6 in the descending aorta and blood levels of several inflammatory cytokines, but at a higher dose (HF + HC, 1500 mg/kg diet), it had adverse effects on some of these parameters. This U-shape like trend was also present when aortic root sections were examined histologically. However, at a high dose, curcumin suppressed development of steatohepatosis, reduced fibrotic tissue, and preserved glycogen levels in liver. CONCLUSION Curcumin through a series of complex mechanisms, alleviated the adverse effects of high fat diet on weight gain, fatty liver development, dyslipidemia, expression of inflammatory cytokines and atherosclerosis in Ldlr(-/-) mouse model of human atherosclerosis. One of the mechanisms by which low dose curcumin modulates atherogenesis is through suppression of aP2 and CD36 expression in macrophages, which are the key players in atherogenesis. Overall, these effects of curcumin are dose-dependent; specifically, a medium dose of curcumin in HF diet appears to be more effective than a higher dose of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Hasan
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - J-M Zingg
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - P Kwan
- Department of Pathology, Tufts School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - T Noble
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - D Smith
- Comparative Biology Unit, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - M Meydani
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Tian N, Li X, Luo Y, Han Z, Li Z, Fan C. Curcumin regulates the metabolism of low density lipoproteins by improving the C-to-U RNA editing efficiency of apolipoprotein B in primary rat hepatocytes. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:132-6. [PMID: 24173373 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two isoforms of apolipoprotein B (apoB) in mammals: apoB-100 and apoB-48. The latter is generated by C-to-U editing of apoB mRNA, catalyzed by the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, namely, catalytic polypeptide 1 (APOBEC-1). Lipid particles containing apoB-48 are cleared from the plasma more rapidly than those containing apoB-100 and thus do not contribute to plaque formation in the arterial wall. In the present study, we analyzed whether curcumin is capable of regulating lipid metabolism by improving the level of apoB mRNA editing. The cytotoxicity of curcumin in hepatocytes was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol‑2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the levels of APOBEC-1 mRNA and protein were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. The efficiency of apoB mRNA editing was determined by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) products and cloning sequencing analysis. We demonstrated that curcumin concentrations up to 70 µM had no significant cytotoxic effects on primary rat hepatocytes at 24 h. At 15 µM, curcumin significantly increased the expression of APOBEC-1 mRNA and protein, and increased the editing level of apoB mRNA from 3.13 to 7.53%. At 25 µM, curcumin reduced the expression of APOBEC-1; however, it did not affect the apoB mRNA editing level. Our data suggested that curcumin at a concentration of 15 µM raised the level of apoB-48 and reduced the level of apoB-100 by increasing the expression of APOBEC-1 in primary rat hepatocytes; therefore, curcumin may be a novel preventative therapy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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Zingg JM, Hasan ST, Meydani M. Molecular mechanisms of hypolipidemic effects of curcumin. Biofactors 2013; 39:101-21. [PMID: 23339042 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests potential benefits from phytochemicals and micronutrients in reducing the elevated oxidative and lipid-mediated stress associated with inflammation, obesity, and atherosclerosis. These compounds may either directly scavenge reactive oxygen or nitrogen species or they may modulate the activity of signal transduction enzymes leading to changes in the expression of antioxidant genes. Alternatively, they may reduce plasma lipid levels by modulating lipid metabolic genes in tissues and thus reduce indirectly lipid-mediated oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress through their hypolipidemic effect. Here we review the proposed molecular mechanisms by which curcumin, a polyphenol present in the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa) spice, influences oxidative and lipid-mediated stress in the vascular system. At the molecular level, mounting experimental evidence suggests that curcumin may act chemically as scavenger of free radicals and/or influences signal transduction (e.g., Akt, AMPK) and modulates the activity of specific transcription factors (e.g., FOXO1/3a, NRF2, SREBP1/2, CREB, CREBH, PPARγ, and LXRα) that regulate the expression of genes involved in free radicals scavenging (e.g., catalase, MnSOD, and heme oxygenase-1) and lipid homeostasis (e.g., aP2/FABP4, CD36, HMG-CoA reductase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-1)). At the cellular level, curcumin may induce a mild oxidative and lipid-metabolic stress leading to an adaptive cellular stress response by hormetic stimulation of these cellular antioxidant defense systems and lipid metabolic enzymes. The resulting lower oxidative and lipid-mediated stress may not only explain the beneficial effects of curcumin on inflammation, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disease, but may also contribute to the increase in maximum life-span observed in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Shishodia S. Molecular mechanisms of curcumin action: gene expression. Biofactors 2013; 39:37-55. [PMID: 22996381 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin derived from the tropical plant Curcuma longa has a long history of use as a dietary agent, food preservative, and in traditional Asian medicine. It has been used for centuries to treat biliary disorders, anorexia, cough, diabetic wounds, hepatic disorders, rheumatism, and sinusitis. The preventive and therapeutic properties of curcumin are associated with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Extensive research over several decades has attempted to identify the molecular mechanisms of curcumin action. Curcumin modulates numerous molecular targets by altering their gene expression, signaling pathways, or through direct interaction. Curcumin regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF, IL-1), growth factors (e.g., VEGF, EGF, FGF), growth factor receptors (e.g., EGFR, HER-2, AR), enzymes (e.g., COX-2, LOX, MMP9, MAPK, mTOR, Akt), adhesion molecules (e.g., ELAM-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1), apoptosis related proteins (e.g., Bcl-2, caspases, DR, Fas), and cell cycle proteins (e.g., cyclin D1). Curcumin modulates the activity of several transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB, AP-1, STAT) and their signaling pathways. Based on its ability to affect multiple targets, curcumin has the potential for the prevention and treatment of various diseases including cancers, arthritis, allergies, atherosclerosis, aging, neurodegenerative disease, hepatic disorders, obesity, diabetes, psoriasis, and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of modulation of gene expression by curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishir Shishodia
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
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Curcumin decreases renal triglyceride accumulation through AMPK-SREBP signaling pathway in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:796-802. [PMID: 22898567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease has been associated with the presence of lipid deposits. We assumed that curcumin, a polyphenol, would attenuate the tissue dyslipidemic condition through activation of 5' adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and suppression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c in the kidney and would prevent renal progression in experimental type 1 diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) (55 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Three weeks after STZ injection, rats were divided into three groups, namely, control, diabetic and diabetic treated with curcumin (100 mg/kg/day) by gavage for 8 weeks. We found that curcumin decreased plasma triglyceride and the amount of renal triglyceride significantly. Furthermore, treatment of diabetic rats with curcumin increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and prevented the increased renal expression of SREBP-1c and, as a result, decreased the expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase as well as adipose differentiation-related protein, a marker of cytoplasmic droplets. We also demonstrate that curcumin significantly suppressed the increased expression of transforming growth factor β, vascular endothelial growth factor and extracellular matrix proteins such as type IV collagen and fibronectin. In addition, curcumin treatment increased nephrin expression to near-normal levels in diabetic rats. These results demonstrated that curcumin protects against the development of diabetic nephropathy through the AMPK-SREBP pathway and the reduction of renal triglyceride accumulation which could be a possible mechanism by which curcumin preserves renal function in diabetes.
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Zingg JM, Hasan ST, Cowan D, Ricciarelli R, Azzi A, Meydani M. Regulatory effects of curcumin on lipid accumulation in monocytes/macrophages. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:833-40. [PMID: 22021079 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests potential benefits from phytochemicals and micronutrients in protecting against atherosclerosis and inflammation, but the molecular mechanisms of these actions are still unclear. Here, we investigated whether the dietary polyphenol curcumin can modulate the accumulation of lipids in monocytes/macrophages. Curcumin increased the expression of two lipid transport genes, the fatty acids transporter CD36/FAT and the fatty acids binding protein 4 (FABP4/aP2; P < 0.05), leading to increased lipid levels in THP-1 and RAW264.7 monocytes and macrophages (P < 0.05). To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved, we assessed the activity of Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a), a transcription factor centrally involved in regulating several stress resistance and lipid transport genes. Curcumin increased FOXO3a-mediated gene expression by twofold (P < 0.05), possibly as a result of influencing FOXO3a phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. The curcumin derivative, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), with similar chemical antioxidant activity as curcumin, did not show any measurable effects. In contrast to the in vitro results, curcumin showed a trend for reduction of lipid levels in peritoneal macrophages in LDL receptor knockout mice fed a high fat diet for 4 months, suggesting additional regulatory mechanisms in vivo. Thus, the up-regulation of FOXO3a activity by curcumin could be a mechanism to protect against oxidant- and lipid-induced damage in the inflammatory cells of the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 0111, USA.
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Curcumin inhibits cholesterol uptake in Caco-2 cells by down-regulation of NPC1L1 expression. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:40. [PMID: 20403165 PMCID: PMC2865464 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Curcumin is a polyphenol and the one of the principle curcuminoids of the spice turmeric. Its antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects have been intensively studied. Previous in vivo studies showed that administration of curcumin also decreased cholesterol levels in the blood, and the effects were considered to be related to upregulation of LDL receptor. However, since plasma cholesterol levels are also influenced by the uptake of cholesterol in the gut, which is mediated by a specific transporter Niemann-Pick Cl-like 1 (NPC1L1) protein, the present study is to investigate whether curcumin affects cholesterol uptake in the intestinal Caco-2 cells. Methods Caco-2 cells were cultured to confluence. The micelles composed of bile salt, monoolein, and 14C-cholesterol were prepared. We first incubated the cells with the micelles in the presence and absence of ezetimibe, the specific inhibitor of NPC1L1, to see whether the uptake of the cholesterol in the cells was mediated by NPC1L1. We then pretreated the cells with curcumin at different concentrations for 24 h followed by examination of the changes of cholesterol uptake in these curcumin-treated cells. Finally we determined whether curcumin affects the expression of NPC1L1 by both Western blot analysis and qPCR quantification. Results We found that the uptake of radioactive cholesterol in Caco-2 cells was inhibited by ezetimibe in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicate that the uptake of cholesterol in this study was mediated by NPC1L1. We then pretreated the cells with 25-100 μM curcumin for 24 h and found that such a treatment dose-dependently inhibited cholesterol uptake with 40% inhibition obtained by 100 μM curcumin. In addition, we found that the curcumin-induced inhibition of cholesterol uptake was associated with significant decrease in the levels of NPC1L1 protein and NPC1L1 mRNA, as analyzed by Western blot and qPCR, respectively. Conclusion Curcumin inhibits cholesterol uptake through suppression of NPC1L1 expression in the intestinal cells.
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Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the major source of the collagens involved in fibrosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), undergo a profound loss of lipid and vitamin A storage capacity, as a consequence of a decline in expression of 'adipogenic' transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma). By contrast, hepatocytes undergo a micro- and macro-vesicular steatosis, reflecting the accumulation of triacylglycerol, and associated with chronic inflammation and fibrosis. These paradoxical findings are extended in this issue: Kang and Chen demonstrate that while low-density lipoproteins (LDL) can activate HSCs, curcumin can inhibit this process by activation of PPARgamma, which not only represses gene expression of SREBP-2 and LDLR, but via induction of expression of SREBP-1c, restores the lipid storage capacity characteristic of quiescent HSCs, suggesting that curcumin may be of therapeutic usage in protecting against liver steatosis and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Graham
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.
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