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Piau O, Brunet-Manquat M, L'Homme B, Petit L, Birebent B, Linard C, Moeckes L, Zuliani T, Lapillonne H, Benderitter M, Douay L, Chapel A, Guyonneau-Harmand L, Jaffredo T. Generation of transgene-free hematopoietic stem cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1610-1623.e7. [PMID: 38065068 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the rare cells responsible for the lifelong curative effects of hematopoietic cell (HC) transplantation. The demand for clinical-grade HSCs has increased significantly in recent decades, leading to major difficulties in treating patients. A promising but not yet achieved goal is the generation of HSCs from pluripotent stem cells. Here, we have obtained vector- and stroma-free transplantable HSCs by differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using an original one-step culture system. After injection into immunocompromised mice, cells derived from hiPSCs settle in the bone marrow and form a robust multilineage hematopoietic population that can be serially transplanted. Single-cell RNA sequencing shows that this repopulating activity is due to a hematopoietic population that is transcriptionally similar to human embryonic aorta-derived HSCs. Overall, our results demonstrate the generation of HSCs from hiPSCs and will help identify key regulators of HSC production during human ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Piau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, 9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathias Brunet-Manquat
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, 75012 Paris, France; EFS Ile de France, Unité d'Ingénierie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, 94017 Créteil, France
| | - Bruno L'Homme
- Laboratoire de radiobiologie des expositions médicales (LRMed), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurence Petit
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, 9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Birebent
- EFS Ile de France, Unité d'Ingénierie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, 94017 Créteil, France
| | - Christine Linard
- Laboratoire de radiobiologie des expositions médicales (LRMed), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laetitia Moeckes
- Etablissement Français du Sang - Atlantic Bio GMP - 2, rue Aronnax, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Thomas Zuliani
- Etablissement Français du Sang - Atlantic Bio GMP - 2, rue Aronnax, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Hélène Lapillonne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, 75012 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital St Antoine/Trousseau, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Laboratoire de radiobiologie des expositions médicales (LRMed), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Luc Douay
- AP-HP, Hôpital St Antoine/Trousseau, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Alain Chapel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, 75012 Paris, France; Laboratoire de radiobiologie des expositions médicales (LRMed), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurence Guyonneau-Harmand
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, 75012 Paris, France; EFS Ile de France, Unité d'Ingénierie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, 94017 Créteil, France.
| | - Thierry Jaffredo
- EFS Ile de France, Unité d'Ingénierie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, 94017 Créteil, France.
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Mehra V, Chhetri JB, Ali S, Roddie C. The Emerging Role of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapeutics. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1419. [PMID: 37998018 PMCID: PMC10669440 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has transformed the treatment landscape for cancer and infectious disease through the investigational use of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-Ts), tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and viral-specific T-cells (VSTs). Whilst these represent breakthrough treatments, there are subsets of patients who fail to respond to autologous ACT products. This is frequently due to impaired patient T-cell function or "fitness" as a consequence of prior treatments and age, and can be exacerbated by complex manufacturing protocols. Further, the manufacture of autologous, patient-specific products is time-consuming, expensive and non-standardised. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as an allogeneic alternative to patient-specific products can potentially overcome the issues outlined above. iPSC technology provides an unlimited source of rejuvenated iPSC-derived T-cells (T-iPSCs) or natural killer (NK) cells (NK-iPSCs), and in the context of the growing field of allogeneic ACT, iPSCs have enormous potential as a platform for generating off-the-shelf, standardised, "fit" therapeutics for patients. In this review, we evaluate current and future applications of iPSC technology in the CAR-T/NK, TIL and VST space. We discuss current and next-generation iPSC manufacturing protocols, and report on current iPSC-based adoptive therapy clinical trials to elucidate the potential of this technology as the future of ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claire Roddie
- Research Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, London WCIE 6DD, UK
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3
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Lahimchi MR, Maroufi F, Maali A. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells: The Intersection of Stem Cells and Immunotherapy. Cell Reprogram 2023; 25:195-211. [PMID: 37782910 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2023.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a promising cell-based immunotherapy applicable to various cancers. High cost of production, immune rejection, heterogeneity of cell product, limited cell source, limited expandability, and relatively long production time have created the need to achieve a universal allogeneic CAR-T cell product for "off-the-shelf" application. Since the innovation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by Yamanaka et al., extensive efforts have been made to prepare an unlimited cell source for regenerative medicine, that is, immunotherapy. In the autologous grafting approach, iPSCs prepare the desired cell source for generating autologous CAR-T cells through more accessible and available sources. In addition, generating iPSC-derived CAR-T cells is a promising approach to achieving a suitable source for producing an allogeneic CAR-T cell product. In brief, the first step is reprogramming somatic cells (accessible from peripheral blood, skin, etc.) to iPSCs. In the next step, CAR expression and T cell lineage differentiation should be applied in different arrangements. In addition, in an allogeneic manner, human leukocyte antigen/T cell receptor (TCR) deficiency should be applied in iPSC colonies. The allogeneic iPSC-derived CAR-T cell experiments showed that simultaneous performance of HLA/TCR deficiency, CAR expression, and T cell lineage differentiation could bring the production to the highest efficacy in generating allogeneic iPSC-derived CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faezeh Maroufi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maali
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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4
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Sun S, Wijanarko K, Liani O, Strumila K, Ng ES, Elefanty AG, Stanley EG. Lymphoid cell development from fetal hematopoietic progenitors and human pluripotent stem cells. Immunol Rev 2023; 315:154-170. [PMID: 36939073 PMCID: PMC10952469 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoid cells encompass the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells and Natural killer T cells (NKT), and innate immune cells (ILCs), including Natural Killer (NK) cells. During adult life, these lineages are thought to derive from the differentiation of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) residing in the bone marrow. However, during embryogenesis and fetal development, the ontogeny of lymphoid cells is both complex and multifaceted, with a large body of evidence suggesting that lymphoid lineages arise from progenitor cell populations antedating the emergence of HSCs. Recently, the application of single cell RNA-sequencing technologies and pluripotent stem cell-based developmental models has provided new insights into lymphoid ontogeny during embryogenesis. Indeed, PSC differentiation platforms have enabled de novo generation of lymphoid immune cells independently of HSCs, supporting conclusions drawn from the study of hematopoiesis in vivo. Here, we examine lymphoid development from non-HSC progenitor cells and technological advances in the differentiation of human lymphoid cells from pluripotent stem cells for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Sun
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kevin Wijanarko
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Oniko Liani
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kathleen Strumila
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Elizabeth S. Ng
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrew G. Elefanty
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Edouard G. Stanley
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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5
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Wang C, Liu J, Li W. 'Off the shelf' immunotherapies: Generation and application of pluripotent stem cell-derived immune cells. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13425. [PMID: 36855955 PMCID: PMC10068955 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, great strides have been made toward the development of immune cell-based therapies in the treatment of refractory malignancies. Primary T cells and NK cells armed with chimeric antigen receptors have achieved tremendous clinical success especially in patients with leukaemia and lymphoma. However, the autologous origin of these effector cells means that a single batch of laboriously engineered cells treats only a certain patient, leading to high cost, ununiform product quality, and risk of delay in treatment, and therefore results in restricted accessibility of these therapies to the overwhelming majority of the patients. Addressing these tricky obstacles calls for the development of universal immune cell products that can be provided 'off the shelf' in a large amount. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), owing to their unique capacity of self-renewal and the potential of multi-lineage differentiation, offer an unlimited cell source to generate uniform and scalable engineered immune cells. This review discusses the major advances in the development of PSC-derived immune cell differentiation approaches and their therapeutic potential in treating both hematologic malignancies and solid tumours. We also consider the potency of PSC-derived immune cells as an alternative therapeutic strategy for other diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, fibrosis, infections, et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Bejing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Bejing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Bejing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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6
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Quan L, Chu X, Sun X, Wu T, Lyu Q. How Deepbics Quantifies Intensities of Transcription Factor-DNA Binding and Facilitates Prediction of Single Nucleotide Variant Pathogenicity With a Deep Learning Model Trained On ChIP-Seq Data Sets. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 20:1594-1599. [PMID: 35471887 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2022.3170343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The binding of DNA sequences to cell type-specific transcription factors is essential for regulating gene expression in all organisms. Many variants occurring in these binding regions play crucial roles in human disease by disrupting the cis-regulation of gene expression. We first implemented a sequence-based deep learning model called deepBICS to quantify the intensity of transcription factors-DNA binding. The experimental results not only showed the superiority of deepBICS on ChIP-seq data sets but also suggested deepBICS as a language model could help the classification of disease-related and neutral variants. We then built a language model-based method called deepBICS4SNV to predict the pathogenicity of single nucleotide variants. The good performance of deepBICS4SNV on 2 tests related to Mendelian disorders and viral diseases shows the sequence contextual information derived from language models can improve prediction accuracy and generalization capability.
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7
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Watson SA, Javanmardi Y, Zanieri L, Shahreza S, Ragazzini R, Bonfanti P, Moeendarbary E. Integrated role of human thymic stromal cells in hematopoietic stem cell extravasation. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10454. [PMID: 36925684 PMCID: PMC10013751 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human thymus is the site of T-cell maturation and induction of central tolerance. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-derived progenitors are recruited to the thymus from the fetal liver during early prenatal development and from bone marrow at later stages and postnatal life. The mechanism by which HSCs are recruited to the thymus is poorly understood in humans, though mouse models have indicated the critical role of thymic stromal cells (TSC). Here, we developed a 3D microfluidic assay based on human cells to model HSC extravasation across the endothelium into the extracellular matrix. We found that the presence of human TSC consisting of cultured thymic epithelial cells (TEC) and interstitial cells (TIC) increases the HSC extravasation rates by 3-fold. Strikingly, incorporating TEC or TIC alone is insufficient to perturb HSC extravasation rates. Furthermore, we identified complex gene expressions from interactions between endothelial cells, TEC and TIC modulates the HSCs extravasation. Our results suggest that comprehensive signaling from the complex thymic microenvironment is crucial for thymus seeding and that our system will allow manipulation of these signals with the potential to increase thymocyte migration in a therapeutic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Watson
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUCLLondonUK
- Epithelial Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine LabThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | | | - Luca Zanieri
- Epithelial Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine LabThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- Institute of Immunity and TransplantationDivision of Infection & Immunity, UCLLondonUK
| | | | - Roberta Ragazzini
- Epithelial Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine LabThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- Institute of Immunity and TransplantationDivision of Infection & Immunity, UCLLondonUK
| | - Paola Bonfanti
- Epithelial Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine LabThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- Institute of Immunity and TransplantationDivision of Infection & Immunity, UCLLondonUK
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Crawford LB. Human Embryonic Stem Cells as a Model for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation and Viral Infection. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e622. [PMID: 36521018 PMCID: PMC9885899 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines are a valuable in vitro tool to differentiate specific cell lineages, including cells from all three germ layers, i.e., neuronal cells, myocytes, and hematopoietic cells, including progenitors (described here), lymphoid cells, and myeloid cells. However, dramatically different cell subtypes and functional properties of specific cells can arise depending on the differentiation technique used. We previously optimized hematopoietic stem cell differentiation from two different NIH-approved hESC lines to generate CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Infection of these HPCs with a common herpesvirus (human cytomegalovirus) results in maintenance of viral latency, capability of viral reactivation, recapitulation of viral mutant phenotypes, and virus-induced myelosuppression of hematopoietic differentiation. However, different HPC subpopulations support different viral latency and reactivation phenotypes, and different hESC-to-HPC differentiation methods alter the ratio of stem cell subsets. In addition, differences in differentiation methods are dependent on both protocol/reagents and user techniques. Here, we report a simplified and optimized method to generate large numbers of CD34+ HPCs with consistent phenotypes and demonstrate a comparison of several common methods that can be used to control the ratio of available HPC subpopulations. A key aspect of this approach is that we achieve consistency in differentiation across users in different laboratories and, importantly, among newly trained individuals. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Maintenance of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) Basic Protocol 2: Differentiation of hESCs to hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) Basic Protocol 3: Downstream functional differentiation of hESC-derived HPCs to mature lineages Support Protocol 1: Freezing and testing frozen batches of hESCs Support Protocol 2: Counting hESCs Support Protocol 3: Phenotyping by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey B. Crawford
- Department of Biochemistry, Nebraska Center for Virology, Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
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9
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Michaels YS, Edgar JM, Major MC, Castle EL, Zimmerman C, Yin T, Hagner A, Lau C, Hsu HH, Ibañez-Rios MI, Durland LJ, Knapp DJHF, Zandstra PW. DLL4 and VCAM1 enhance the emergence of T cell-competent hematopoietic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn5522. [PMID: 36001668 PMCID: PMC9401626 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
T cells show tremendous efficacy as cellular therapeutics. However, obtaining primary T cells from human donors is expensive and variable. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have the potential to provide a renewable source of T cells, but differentiating PSCs into hematopoietic progenitors with T cell potential remains an important challenge. Here, we report an efficient serum- and feeder-free system for differentiating human PSCs into hematopoietic progenitors and T cells. This fully defined approach allowed us to study the impact of individual proteins on blood emergence and differentiation. Providing DLL4 and VCAM1 during the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition enhanced downstream progenitor T cell output by ~80-fold. These two proteins synergized to activate notch signaling in nascent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and VCAM1 additionally promoted an inflammatory transcriptional program. We also established optimized medium formulations that enabled efficient and chemically defined maturation of functional CD8αβ+, CD4-, CD3+, TCRαβ+ T cells with a diverse TCR repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale S. Michaels
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - John M. Edgar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Matthew C. Major
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Elizabeth L. Castle
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Carla Zimmerman
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ting Yin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Andrew Hagner
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Charles Lau
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Han Hsuan Hsu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - M. Iliana Ibañez-Rios
- Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie and Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Lauren J. Durland
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - David J. H. F. Knapp
- Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie and Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter W. Zandstra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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10
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Kandula UR, Wake AD. Promising Stem Cell therapy in the Management of HIV and AIDS: A Narrative Review. Biologics 2022; 16:89-105. [PMID: 35836496 PMCID: PMC9275675 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s368152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapies are becoming a major topic in biomedical research all over the planet. It may be a viable treatment choice for people suffering from a wide range of illnesses and injuries. It has recently emerged as an extremely intriguing and well-established science and research topic. Expectations have risen due to advancements in therapeutic approaches. Multiple laboratory testing of regulated stem cell culture and derivation is carried out before the formation of stem cells for the use of therapeutic process. Whereas HIV infection is contagious and can last a lifetime. Researchers are still working to develop a comprehensive and effective treatment for HIV and its associated condition, as well as AIDS. HIV propagation is primarily restricted to the immune system, notably T lymphocytes, as well as macrophages. Large numbers of research studies have contributed to a plethora of data about the enigmatic AIDS life cycle. This vast amount of data provides potential targets for AIDS therapies. Currently, stem cell transplantation, along with other procedures, provided novel insights into HIV pathogenesis and offered a glimpse of hope for the development of a viable HIV cure technique. One of its existing focus areas in HIV and AIDS research is to develop a novel therapeutic strategic plan capable of providing life-long complete recovery of HIV and AIDS without regular drug treatment and, inevitably, curative therapy for HIV and AIDS. The current paper tries to address the possibilities for improved stem cell treatments with "bone marrow, Hematopoietic, human umbilical cord mesenchymal, Genetical modifications with CRISPR/Cas9 in combination of stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells applications" are discussed which are specifically applied in the HIV and AIDS therapeutic management advancement procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Rani Kandula
- Department of Clinical Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Dabi Wake
- Department of Clinical Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
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11
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Guo R, Li W, Li Y, Li Y, Jiang Z, Song Y. Generation and clinical potential of functional T lymphocytes from gene-edited pluripotent stem cells. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:27. [PMID: 35568954 PMCID: PMC9107657 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered T cells have been shown to be highly effective in cancer immunotherapy, although T cell exhaustion presents a challenge for their long-term function. Additional T-cell sources must be exploited to broaden the application of engineered T cells for immune defense and reconstitution. Unlimited sources of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have provided a potential opportunity to generate precise-engineered therapeutic induced T (iT) cells. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of PSC-derived induced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (iHSPC)/iT identified the developmental pathways and possibilities of generating functional T cell from PSCs. To date, the PSC-to-iT platforms encounter several problems, including low efficiency of conventional T subset specification, limited functional potential, and restrictions on large-scale application, because of the absence of a thymus-like organized microenvironment. The updated PSC-to-iT platforms, such as the three-dimensional (3D) artificial thymic organoid (ATO) co-culture system and Runx1/Hoxa9-enforced iT lymphopoiesis, provide fresh perspectives for coordinating culture conditions and transcription factors, which may greatly improve the efficiency of T-cell generation greatly. In addition, the improved PSC-to-iT platform coordinating gene editing technologies will provide various functional engineered unconventional or conventional T cells. Furthermore, the clinical applications of PSC-derived immune cells are accelerating from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqun Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yadan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Henan Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yingmei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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12
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Goldenson BH, Hor P, Kaufman DS. iPSC-Derived Natural Killer Cell Therapies - Expansion and Targeting. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841107. [PMID: 35185932 PMCID: PMC8851389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of cancer with allogeneic natural killer (NK) cell therapies has seen rapid development, especially use against hematologic malignancies. Clinical trials of NK cell-based adoptive transfer to treat relapsed or refractory malignancies have used peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood and pluripotent stem cell-derived NK cells, with each approach undergoing continued clinical development. Improving the potency of these therapies relies on genetic modifications to improve tumor targeting and to enhance expansion and persistence of the NK cells. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NK cells allow for routine targeted introduction of genetic modifications and expansion of the resulting NK cells derived from a clonal starting cell population. In this review, we discuss and summarize recent important advances in the development of new iPSC-derived NK cell therapies, with a focus on improved targeting of cancer. We then discuss improvements in methods to expand iPSC-derived NK cells and how persistence of iPSC-NK cells can be enhanced. Finally, we describe how these advances may combine in future NK cell-based therapy products for the treatment of both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Goldenson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pooja Hor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dan S Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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13
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Wen B, Wang G, Li E, Kolesnichenko OA, Tu Z, Divanovic S, Kalin TV, Kalinichenko VV. In vivo generation of bone marrow from embryonic stem cells in interspecies chimeras. eLife 2022; 11:74018. [PMID: 36178184 PMCID: PMC9578712 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of bone marrow (BM) from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) promises to accelerate the development of future cell therapies for life-threatening disorders. However, such approach is limited by technical challenges to produce a mixture of functional BM progenitor cells able to replace all hematopoietic cell lineages. Herein, we used blastocyst complementation to simultaneously produce BM cell lineages from mouse ESCs in a rat. Based on fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing, mouse ESCs differentiated into multiple hematopoietic and stromal cell types that were indistinguishable from normal mouse BM cells based on gene expression signatures and cell surface markers. Receptor-ligand interactions identified Cxcl12-Cxcr4, Lama2-Itga6, App-Itga6, Comp-Cd47, Col1a1-Cd44, and App-Il18rap as major signaling pathways between hematopoietic progenitors and stromal cells. Multiple hematopoietic progenitors, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in mouse-rat chimeras derived more efficiently from mouse ESCs, whereas chondrocytes predominantly derived from rat cells. In the dorsal aorta and fetal liver of mouse-rat chimeras, mouse HSCs emerged and expanded faster compared to endogenous rat cells. Sequential BM transplantation of ESC-derived cells from mouse-rat chimeras rescued lethally irradiated syngeneic mice and demonstrated long-term reconstitution potential of donor HSCs. Altogether, a fully functional BM was generated from mouse ESCs using rat embryos as 'bioreactors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqiang Wen
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Guolun Wang
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Enhong Li
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Olena A Kolesnichenko
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Zhaowei Tu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine of the University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine of the University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine of the University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
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14
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Lu S, Feng Q. CAR-NK cells from engineered pluripotent stem cells: Off-the-shelf therapeutics for all patients. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10 Suppl 2:S10-S17. [PMID: 34724715 PMCID: PMC8560199 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical success of adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for treating hematological malignancies has revolutionized the field of cellular immunotherapy. However, due to the nature of utilizing autologous T cells, affordability and availability are major hurdles, in addition to scientific challenges relating to CAR-T therapy optimization. Natural killer (NK) cell is a specialized immune effector cell type that recognizes and kills targets without human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restriction and prior sensitization. CAR-NK cells do not cause graft vs host disease and can be obtained from unrelated donors as well as pluripotent stem cells (PSC), representing an ideal off-the-shelf therapeutics readily available for patients. Furthermore, unlike cytotoxic T cells, NK cells specifically target and eliminate cancer stem cells, which are the cells causing relapse and metastasis. PSCs can be genetically manipulated and engineered with CARs at the pluripotent stage, which allows the establishment of permanent, stable, and clonal PSC-CAR lines for the manufacture of unlimited homogenous CAR-NK cells. Multiple master PSC-CAR cell banks targeting a variety of antigens for cancer, viral infection, and autoimmune diseases provide inexhaustible cell sources for all patients. Development of a next-generation 3D bioreactor platform for PSC expansion and NK cell production overcomes major barriers related to cost and scalability for CAR-NK product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiang Feng
- HebeCell CorporationNatickMassachusettsUSA
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15
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Euchner J, Sprissler J, Cathomen T, Fürst D, Schrezenmeier H, Debatin KM, Schwarz K, Felgentreff K. Natural Killer Cells Generated From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Mature to CD56 brightCD16 +NKp80 +/- In-Vitro and Express KIR2DL2/DL3 and KIR3DL1. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640672. [PMID: 34017328 PMCID: PMC8129508 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into T and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes opens novel possibilities for developmental studies of immune cells and in-vitro generation of cell therapy products. In particular, iPSC-derived NK cells gained interest in adoptive anti-cancer immunotherapies, since they enable generation of homogenous populations of NK cells with and without genetic engineering that can be grown at clinical scale. However, the phenotype of in-vitro generated NK cells is not well characterized. NK cells derive in the bone marrow and mature in secondary lymphoid tissues through distinct stages from CD56brightCD16- to CD56dimCD16+ NK cells that represents the most abandoned population in peripheral blood. In this study, we efficiently generated CD56+CD16+CD3- NK lymphocytes from hiPSC and characterized NK-cell development by surface expression of NK-lineage markers. Hematopoietic priming of hiPSC resulted in 31.9% to 57.4% CD34+CD45+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) that did not require enrichment for NK lymphocyte propagation. HPC were further differentiated into NK cells on OP9-DL1 feeder cells resulting in high purity of CD56brightCD16- and CD56brightCD16+ NK cells. The output of generated NK cells increased up to 40% when OP9-DL1 feeder cells were inactivated with mitomycine C. CD7 expression could be detected from the first week of differentiation indicating priming towards the lymphoid lineage. CD56brightCD16-/+ NK cells expressed high levels of DNAM-1, CD69, natural killer cell receptors NKG2A and NKG2D, and natural cytotoxicity receptors NKp46, NKp44, NKp30. Expression of NKp80 on 40% of NK cells, and a perforin+ and granzyme B+ phenotype confirmed differentiation up to stage 4b. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor KIR2DL2/DL3 and KIR3DL1 were found on up to 3 and 10% of mature NK cells, respectively. NK cells were functional in terms of cytotoxicity, degranulation and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Euchner
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jasmin Sprissler
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Fürst
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kerstin Felgentreff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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16
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Singh J, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC. Producing proT cells to promote immunotherapies. Int Immunol 2019; 30:541-550. [PMID: 30102361 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes are critical mediators of the adaptive immune system and they can be harnessed as therapeutic agents against pathogens and in cancer immunotherapy. T cells can be isolated and expanded from patients and potentially generated in vitro using clinically relevant systems. An ultimate goal for T-cell immunotherapy is to establish a safe, universal effector cell type capable of transcending allogeneic and histocompatibility barriers. To this end, human pluripotent stem cells offer an advantage in generating a boundless supply of T cells that can be readily genetically engineered. Here, we review emerging T-cell therapeutics, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, chimeric antigen receptors and progenitor T cells (proT cells) as well as feeder cell-free in vitro systems for their generation. Furthermore, we explore their potential for adoption in the clinic and highlight the challenges that must be addressed to increase the therapeutic success of a universal immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jastaranpreet Singh
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aberrant wound healing is a significant healthcare problem, posing a substantial burden on patients, their families, and the healthcare system. Existing treatment options remain only moderately effective and often fail to promote the closure of non-healing wounds in susceptible populations, such as aging and diabetic patients. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment modality, with the potential to restore tissue to its pre-injured state. Of particular interest are mesenchymal stromal cells, which have been shown to accelerate wound healing by modulating the immune response and promoting angiogenesis. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of wound healing and current methods for the management of chronic wounds, as well as the current state and considerations for optimizing stem cell therapy. Considerations include stem cell types, tissue source, donor selection, cell heterogeneity, delivery methods, and genetic engineering. EXPERT OPINION A growing body of evidence has shown that delivery of stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stromal cells, has the potential to effectively improve the rate and quality of wound healing. However, significant additional basic and clinical research must be performed to optimize cell therapy, such as further elucidation of the therapeutic mechanisms of stem cells and standardization of clinical trial guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kosaric
- a Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Harriet Kiwanuka
- a Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- a Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
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18
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Organoid-Induced Differentiation of Conventional T Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:376-389.e8. [PMID: 30661959 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to generate T cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has the potential to transform autologous T cell immunotherapy by facilitating universal, off-the-shelf cell products. However, differentiation of human PSCs into mature, conventional T cells has been challenging with existing methods. We report that a continuous 3D organoid system induced an orderly sequence of commitment and differentiation from PSC-derived embryonic mesoderm through hematopoietic specification and efficient terminal differentiation to naive CD3+CD8αβ+ and CD3+CD4+ conventional T cells with a diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Introduction of an MHC class I-restricted TCR in PSCs produced naive, antigen-specific CD8αβ+ T cells that lacked endogenous TCR expression and showed anti-tumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Functional assays and RNA sequencing aligned PSC-derived T cells with primary naive CD8+ T cells. The PSC-artificial thymic organoid (ATO) system presented here is an efficient platform for generating functional, mature T cells from human PSCs.
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19
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Bernareggi D, Pouyanfard S, Kaufman DS. Development of innate immune cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Exp Hematol 2019; 71:13-23. [PMID: 30611869 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mouse and human pluripotent stem cells have been widely used to study the development of the hematopoietic and immune systems. Although not all cells can be derived with the same efficiency, immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages can be easily produced from PSCs to enable development of new cell-based therapies. NK cells and macrophages are part of the innate immune system, the first line of defense against malignancies and infectious disease. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)- and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NK cells can be produced at a clinical scale suitable for translation into clinical trials. Additionally, PSCs can be genetically modified to produce hESC/iPSC-derived human NK cells with enhanced antitumor activity. These engineered NK cells can express a stabilized version of the high-affinity Fc receptor CD16, chimeric antigen receptors, or other strategies to enable more potent and targeted cellular immunotherapies. Moreover, macrophages can also be routinely and efficiently produced from hESCs and iPSCs as a tool to expand our knowledge of the basic biology of these cells. hESC- and iPSC-derived macrophages can also be employed as a novel approach for cancer immunotherapy, as well as a strategy to repair or regenerate diseased and damaged tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bernareggi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Somayeh Pouyanfard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Dan S Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA.
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20
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Oguro H. Generation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2048:245-257. [PMID: 31396942 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9728-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have the potential to provide a virtually unlimited supply of cells for transplantation therapy. When combined with recent advances in genome editing technologies, human PSCs could offer various approaches that enable gene therapy, drug discovery, disease modeling, and in vitro modeling of human development. De novo generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human PSCs is an important focus in the field, since it enables autologous HSC transplantation to treat many blood disorders and malignancies. Although culture conditions have been established to generate a broad spectrum of hematopoietic progenitors from human PSCs, it remains a significant challenge to generate bona fide HSCs that possess sustained self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacities upon transplantation. In this review, recent promising advances in the efforts to generate HSCs and hematopoietic progenitors from human PSCs in vitro and in vivo or from somatic cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Oguro
- Cellular Engineering, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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21
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Montel-Hagen A, Crooks GM. From pluripotent stem cells to T cells. Exp Hematol 2018; 71:24-31. [PMID: 30590093 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The generation of T cells from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) opens a valuable experimental window into developmental hematopoiesis and raises the possibility of a new therapeutic approach for T-cell immunotherapy. After directing PSCs through mesoderm and early hematopoietic developmental stages, commitment to the T-cell lineage has been achieved by several groups using coculture with stromal cells that express a notch ligand, recapitulating the critical signals that initiate the first stages of normal T-cell differentiation in the thymus. However, positive selection and the production of mature T cells from human PSCs have been limited to date. Nonetheless, T-lineage cells have been generated from PSCs with tumor antigen specificity either through a prearranged clonal T-cell receptor (TCR) or lentiviral-mediated expression of chimeric antigen receptors. The recent development of a 3D artificial organoid model has demonstrated that PSCs can generate mature conventional T cells that are fully functional and express a diverse TCR repertoire. Introduction of a transgenic TCR at the PSC stage allows for the production of tumor-antigen-specific, mature conventional T cells. The tools of gene editing in PSCs are ideally suited to produce off-the-shelf universal products for T-cell immunotherapy. In this review, we describe the studies that have led to this exciting moment in PSC biology and discuss translation to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Montel-Hagen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gay M Crooks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
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22
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Zhu H, Lai YS, Li Y, Blum R, Kaufman D. Concise Review: Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Produce Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Stem Cells 2018; 36:134-145. [PMID: 29235195 PMCID: PMC5914526 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provide a promising resource to produce immune cells for adoptive cellular immunotherapy to better treat and potentially cure otherwise lethal cancers. Cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells can now be routinely produced from human PSCs. These PSC-derived lymphocytes have phenotype and function similar to primary lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood. PSC-derived T and NK cells have advantages compared with primary immune cells, as they can be precisely engineered to introduce improved anti-tumor activity and produced in essentially unlimited numbers. Stem Cells 2018;36:134-145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yi-Shin Lai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Robert Blum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Dan Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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23
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Wakao H, Sugimoto C, Kimura S, Wakao R. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Regenerative Medicine. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1711. [PMID: 29250077 PMCID: PMC5717033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antibiotics to inhibit bacterial growth and small compounds to interfere with the productive life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have successfully been used to control HIV infection, the recent emergence of the drug-resistant bacteria and viruses poses a serious concern for worldwide public health. Despite intensive scrutiny in developing novel antibiotics and drugs to overcome these problems, there is a dilemma such that once novel antibiotics are launched in markets, sooner or later antibiotic-resistant strains emerge. Thus, it is imperative to develop novel methods to avoid this vicious circle. Here, we discuss the possibility of using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived, innate-like T cells to control infection and potential application of these cells for cancer treatment. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells belong to an emerging family of innate-like T cells that link innate immunity to adaptive immunity. MAIT cells exert effector functions without priming and clonal expansion like innate immune cells and relay the immune response to adaptive immune cells through production of relevant cytokines. With these characteristics, MAIT cells are implicated in a wide range of human diseases such as autoimmune, infectious, and metabolic diseases, and cancer. Circulating MAIT cells are often depleted by these diseases and often remain depleted even after appropriate remedy because MAIT cells are susceptible to activation-induced cell death and poor at proliferation in vivo, which threatens the integrity of the immune system. Because MAIT cells have a pivotal role in human immunity, supplementation of MAIT cells into immunocompromised patients suffering from severe depletion of these cells may help recapitulate or recover immunocompetence. The generation of MAIT cells from human iPSCs has made it possible to procure MAIT cells lost from disease. Such technology creates new avenues for cell therapy and regenerative medicine for difficult-to-cure infectious diseases and cancer and contributes to improvement of our welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Wakao
- International Epidemiology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | - Chie Sugimoto
- International Epidemiology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | - Shinzo Kimura
- International Epidemiology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | - Rika Wakao
- Office of Regulatory Science, Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Agency (PMDA), Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Alzubi J, Pallant C, Mussolino C, Howe SJ, Thrasher AJ, Cathomen T. Targeted genome editing restores T cell differentiation in a humanized X-SCID pluripotent stem cell disease model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12475. [PMID: 28963568 PMCID: PMC5622068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of T cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is attractive for investigating T cell development and validating genome editing strategies in vitro. X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) is an immune disorder caused by mutations in the IL2RG gene and characterised by the absence of T and NK cells in patients. IL2RG encodes the common gamma chain, which is part of several interleukin receptors, including IL-2 and IL-7 receptors. To model X-SCID in vitro, we generated a mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) line in which a disease-causing human IL2RG gene variant replaces the endogenous Il2rg locus. We developed a stage-specific T cell differentiation protocol to validate genetic correction of the common G691A mutation with transcription activator-like effector nucleases. While all ESC clones could be differentiated to hematopoietic precursor cells, stage-specific analysis of T cell maturation confirmed early arrest of T cell differentiation at the T cell progenitor stage in X-SCID cells. In contrast, genetically corrected ESCs differentiated to CD4 + or CD8 + single-positive T cells, confirming correction of the cellular X-SCID phenotype. This study emphasises the value of PSCs for disease modelling and underlines the significance of in vitro models as tools to validate genome editing strategies before clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Alzubi
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Celeste Pallant
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,GlaxoSmithKline plc., Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Mussolino
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steven J Howe
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,GlaxoSmithKline plc., Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Great Ormond Street Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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25
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Chhabra A. Derivation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) Lines and Mechanism of Pluripotency: Historical Perspective and Recent Advances. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:757-773. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Chhabra A. Inherent Immunogenicity or Lack Thereof of Pluripotent Stem Cells: Implications for Cell Replacement Therapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:993. [PMID: 28868053 PMCID: PMC5563324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer opportunities for personalized cell replacement therapeutic approaches due to their unlimited self-renewal potential and ability to differentiate into different somatic cells. A significant progress has been made toward generating iPSC lines that are free of integrating viral vectors, development of xeno-free culture conditions, and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into functional somatic cell lineages. Since donor-specific iPSC lines are genetically identical to the individual, they are expected to be immunologically matched and these iPSC lines and their cellular derivatives are not expected to be immunologically rejected. However, studies in mouse models, utilizing rejection of teratomas as a model, have claimed that syngenic iPSC lines, especially the iPSC lines derived with integrating viral vectors, could be inherently immunogenic. This manuscript reviews current understanding of inherent immunogenicity of PSC lines, especially that of the human iPSC lines and their cellular derivatives, and strategies to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Chhabra
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center (UCONN Health), Farmington, CT, United States
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27
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Sugimoto C, Fujita H, Wakao H. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells from induced pluripotent stem cells: A novel approach for modeling human diseases. World J Stem Cells 2016; 8:158-169. [PMID: 27114747 PMCID: PMC4835674 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i4.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice have frequently been used to model human diseases involving immune dysregulation such as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. These models help elucidate the mechanisms underlying the disease and in the development of novel therapies. However, if mice are deficient in certain cells and/or effectors associated with human diseases, how can their functions be investigated in this species? Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a novel innate-like T cell family member, are a good example. MAIT cells are abundant in humans but scarce in laboratory mice. MAIT cells harbor an invariant T cell receptor and recognize nonpeptidic antigens vitamin B2 metabolites from bacteria and yeasts. Recent studies have shown that MAIT cells play a pivotal role in human diseases such as bacterial infections and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. MAIT cells possess granulysin, a human-specific effector molecule, but granulysin and its homologue are absent in mice. Furthermore, MAIT cells show poor proliferation in vitro. To overcome these problems and further our knowledge of MAIT cells, we have established a method to expand MAIT cells via induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this review, we describe recent advances in the field of MAIT cell research and our approach for human disease modeling with iPSC-derived MAIT cells.
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28
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Chen T, Wang F, Wu M, Wang ZZ. Development of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1179-89. [PMID: 25740540 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), provide a new cell source for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, drug discovery, and preclinical toxicity screening. Understanding of the onset and the sequential process of hematopoietic cells from differentiated hPSCs will enable the achievement of personalized medicine and provide an in vitro platform for studying of human hematopoietic development and disease. During embryogenesis, hemogenic endothelial cells, a specified subset of endothelial cells in embryonic endothelium, are the primary source of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells. In this review, we discuss current status in the generation of multipotent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from hPSCs via hemogenic endothelial cells. We also review the achievements in direct reprogramming from non-hematopoietic cells to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Further characterization of hematopoietic differentiation in hPSCs will improve our understanding of blood development and expedite the development of hPSC-derived blood products for therapeutic purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao Wu
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zack Z Wang
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
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29
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Park B, Yoo KH, Kim C. Hematopoietic stem cell expansion and generation: the ways to make a breakthrough. Blood Res 2015; 50:194-203. [PMID: 26770947 PMCID: PMC4705045 DOI: 10.5045/br.2015.50.4.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the first field where human stem cell therapy was successful. Flooding interest on human stem cell therapy to cure previously incurable diseases is largely indebted to HSCT success. Allogeneic HSCT has been an important modality to cure various diseases including hematologic malignancies, various non-malignant hematologic diseases, primary immunodeficiency diseases, and inborn errors of metabolism, while autologous HSCT is generally performed to rescue bone marrow aplasia following high-dose chemotherapy for solid tumors or multiple myeloma. Recently, HSCs are also spotlighted in the field of regenerative medicine for the amelioration of symptoms caused by neurodegenerative diseases, heart diseases, and others. Although the demand for HSCs has been growing, their supply often fails to meet the demand of the patients needing transplant due to a lack of histocompatible donors or a limited cell number. This review focuses on the generation and large-scale expansion of HSCs, which might overcome current limitations in the application of HSCs for clinical use. Furthermore, current proof of concept to replenish hematological homeostasis from non-hematological origin will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Korea
| | - Keon Hee Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Korea.; Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changsung Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Korea
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30
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Kimbrel EA, Lanza R. Current status of pluripotent stem cells: moving the first therapies to the clinic. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:681-92. [PMID: 26391880 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great promise for drug discovery and regenerative medicine owing to their ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body. After more than three decades of research, including delays due to the potential tumorigenicity of PSCs and inefficiencies in differentiation methods, the field is at a turning point, with a number of clinical trials across the globe now testing PSC-derived products in humans. Ocular diseases dominate these first-in-man trials, and Phase l/ll results are showing promising safety data as well as possible efficacy. In addition, the advent of induced PSC (iPSC) technology is enabling the development of a wide range of cell-based disease models from genetically predisposed patients, thereby facilitating drug discovery. In this Review, we discuss the recent progress and remaining challenges for the use of PSCs in regenerative medicine and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Kimbrel
- Ocata Therapeutics, 33 Locke Drive, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, USA
| | - Robert Lanza
- Ocata Therapeutics, 33 Locke Drive, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, USA
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31
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Smith MJ, Webber BR, Mohtashami M, Stefanski HE, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC, Blazar BR. In Vitro T-Cell Generation From Adult, Embryonic, and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Many Roads to One Destination. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3174-80. [PMID: 26227158 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes are critical mediators of the adaptive immune system and have the capacity to serve as therapeutic agents in the areas of transplant and cancer immunotherapy. While T cells can be isolated and expanded from patients, T cells derived in vitro from both hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer great potential advantages in generating a self-renewing source of T cells that can be readily genetically modified. T-cell differentiation in vivo is a complex process requiring tightly regulated signals; providing the correct signals in vitro to induce T-cell lineage commitment followed by their development into mature, functional, single positive T cells, is similarly complex. In this review, we discuss current methods for the in vitro derivation of T cells from murine and human HSPCs and hPSCs that use feeder-cell and feeder-cell-free systems. Furthermore, we explore their potential for adoption for use in T-cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Smith
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Beau R Webber
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mahmood Mohtashami
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather E Stefanski
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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32
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Liu S, Xu Y, Zhou Z, Feng B, Huang H. Progress and challenges in generating functional hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:344-58. [PMID: 25680303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro holds great potential for providing alternative sources of donor cells for clinical HSC transplantation. However, the low efficiency of current protocols for generating blood lineages and the dysfunction identified in hPSC-derived hematopoietic cells limit their use for full hematopoietic reconstitution in clinics. This review outlines the current understanding of in vitro hematopoietic differentiation from hPSCs, emphasizes the intrinsic and extrinsic molecular mechanisms that are attributed to the aberrant phenotype and function in hPSC-derived hematopoietic cells, pinpoints the current challenges to develop the truly functional HSCs from hPSCs for clinical applications and explores their potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senquan Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zijing Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; SBS Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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33
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Thymopentin enhances the generation of T-cell lineage derived from human embryonic stem cells in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2015; 331:387-98. [PMID: 25576384 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thymopentin is a group of biologically active peptide secreted mainly by the epithelial cells of thymic cortex and medulla. Whether it promotes T cells production from human embryonic stem cells(hESCs) in vitro remains an elusive issue. In the present study, we develop a novel strategy that enhances T-cell lineage differentiation of hESCs in collagen matrix culture by sequential cytokine cocktails treatment combined with thymopentin stimulation. We observed that approximately 30.75% cells expressed CD34 on day 14 of the cultures and expressed the surface markers of erythroid, lymphoid and myeloid lineages. The results of colony assays and gene expressions by RT-PCR analysis also demonstrated that hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) derived from hESCs were capable of multi-lineage differentiation. Further study revealed that culturing with thymopentin treatment, the CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(+) cells sorted from HPCs expressed T-cell-related genes, IKAROS, DNTT, TCRγ and TCRβ, and T-cell surface markers, CD3, cytoplasmic CD3, CD5, CD27, TCRγδ, CD4 and CD8. The differentiated cells produced the cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α in response to stimulation, providing the evidence for T-cell function of these cells. In conclusion, thymopentin enhances T-cell lineage differentiation from hESCs in vitro by mimicking thymus peptide environment in vivo.
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34
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Larbi A, Mitjavila-Garcia MT, Flamant S, Valogne Y, Clay D, Usunier B, l'Homme B, Féraud O, Casal I, Gobbo E, Divers D, Chapel A, Turhan AG, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Haddad R. Generation of multipotent early lymphoid progenitors from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2983-95. [PMID: 24955741 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During human embryonic stem cell (ESC) hematopoietic differentiation, the description of the initial steps of lymphopoiesis remains elusive. Using a two-step culture procedure, we identified two original populations of ESC-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) with CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(-) and CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(+) phenotypes. Bulk cultures and limiting dilution assays, culture with MS5 cells in the presence of Notch ligand Delta-like-1 (DL-1), and ex vivo colonization tests using fetal thymic organ cultures showed that although CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(-) HPCs could generate cells of the three lymphoid lineages, their potential was skewed toward the B cell lineages. In contrast, CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(+) HPCs predominantly exhibited a T/natural killer (NK) cell differentiation potential. Furthermore these cells could differentiate equivalently into cells of the granulo-macrophagic lineage and dendritic cells and lacked erythroid potential. Expression profiling of 18 markers by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(-) and CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(+) HPCs express genes of the lymphoid specification and that CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(-) cells express B-cell-associated genes, while CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(+) HPCs display a T-cell molecular profile. Altogether, these findings indicate that CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(-) and CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(+) HPCs correspond to candidate multipotent early lymphoid progenitors polarized toward either the B or T/NK lineage, respectively. This work should improve our understanding of the early steps of lymphopoiesis from pluripotent stem cells and pave the way for the production of lymphocytes for cell-based immunotherapy and lymphoid development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniya Larbi
- 1 Inserm UMR 935, "ESTeam Paris Sud", Stem Cell Core Facility SFR André Lwoff, Paul Brousse Hospital, University Paris Sud , Villejuif, France
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35
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Chen U. Do we have a workable clinical protocol for differentiating lympho-hematopoietic stem cells from the source of embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells in culture? Scand J Immunol 2014; 80:247-9. [PMID: 25041639 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many researchers are focusing on deriving lympho-hematopoietic stem cells (L-HSC) from human embryonic stem cells (ESC) and/or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in culture as alternative sources for transplantation. Two protocols are available for research purposes: mouse stroma cell line coculture system and embryoid bodies (EBs) suspension culture system. However, due to the lack of human stroma cell line, which could support the derivation of L-HSC in culture, the generation of therapeutic lympho-hematopoietic cells for clinical purpose can only be achieved using EBs suspension culture system. In this short communication/review, the results of EBs suspension culture system using mouse and human ESC/iPSC are summarized and the potential clinical application is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Chen
- International Senior Professional Institute (ISPI) e.V., Giessen, Germany
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36
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Kushwah R, Guezguez B, Lee JB, Hopkins CI, Bhatia M. Pleiotropic roles of Notch signaling in normal, malignant, and developmental hematopoiesis in the human. EMBO Rep 2014; 15:1128-38. [PMID: 25252682 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201438842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved across species and plays an important role in regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival. It has been implicated in several different hematopoietic processes including early hematopoietic development as well as adult hematological malignancies in humans. This review focuses on recent developments in understanding the role of Notch signaling in the human hematopoietic system with an emphasis on hematopoietic initiation from human pluripotent stem cells and regulation within the bone marrow. Based on recent insights, we summarize potential strategies for treatment of human hematological malignancies toward the concept of targeting Notch signaling for fate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kushwah
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Borhane Guezguez
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Claudia I Hopkins
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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37
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Eguizabal C, Zenarruzabeitia O, Monge J, Santos S, Vesga MA, Maruri N, Arrieta A, Riñón M, Tamayo-Orbegozo E, Amo L, Larrucea S, Borrego F. Natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy: pluripotent stem cells-derived NK cells as an immunotherapeutic perspective. Front Immunol 2014; 5:439. [PMID: 25309538 PMCID: PMC4164009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an essential role in the fight against tumor development. Over the last years, the progress made in the NK-cell biology field and in deciphering how NK-cell function is regulated, is driving efforts to utilize NK-cell-based immunotherapy as a promising approach for the treatment of malignant diseases. Therapies involving NK cells may be accomplished by activating and expanding endogenous NK cells by means of cytokine treatment or by transferring exogenous cells by adoptive cell therapy and/or by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. NK cells that are suitable for adoptive cell therapy can be derived from different sources, including ex vivo expansion of autologous NK cells, unstimulated or expanded allogeneic NK cells from peripheral blood, derived from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors from peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood, and NK-cell lines. Besides, genetically modified NK cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors or cytokines genes may also have a relevant future as therapeutic tools. Recently, it has been described the derivation of large numbers of functional and mature NK cells from pluripotent stem cells, both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, which adds another tool to the expanding NK-cell-based cancer immunotherapy arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge Monge
- Basque Center for Transfusion and Human Tissues , Galdakao , Spain
| | - Silvia Santos
- Basque Center for Transfusion and Human Tissues , Galdakao , Spain
| | | | - Natalia Maruri
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute , Barakaldo , Spain
| | - Arantza Arrieta
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute , Barakaldo , Spain
| | - Marta Riñón
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute , Barakaldo , Spain
| | | | - Laura Amo
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute , Barakaldo , Spain
| | - Susana Larrucea
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute , Barakaldo , Spain
| | - Francisco Borrego
- Immunopathology Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute , Barakaldo , Spain ; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain
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38
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Inoue-Yokoo T, Tani K, Sugiyama D. Mesodermal and hematopoietic differentiation from ES and iPS cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 9:422-34. [PMID: 22684542 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can differentiate into any type of tissue when grown in a suitable culture environment and are considered valuable tools for regenerative medicine. In the field of hematology, generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mature hematopoietic cells (HCs) from ES and iPS cells through mesodermal cells, the ancestors of HCs, can facilitate transplantation and transfusion therapy. Several studies report generation of functional HCs from both mouse and human ES and iPS cells. This approach will likely be applied to individual patient-derived iPS cells for regenerative medicine approaches and drug screening in the future. Here, we summarize current studies of HC-generation from ES and iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Inoue-Yokoo
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Advanced Medical Initiatives, Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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39
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Kim C. Disease modeling and cell based therapy with iPSC: future therapeutic option with fast and safe application. Blood Res 2014; 49:7-14. [PMID: 24724061 PMCID: PMC3974965 DOI: 10.5045/br.2014.49.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has shown us great hope to treat various human diseases which have been known as untreatable and further endows personalized medicine for future therapy without ethical issues and immunological rejection which embryonic stem cell (hES) treatment has faced. It has been agreed that iPSCs knowledge can be harnessed from disease modeling which mimics human pathological development rather than trials utilizing conventional rodent and cell lines. Now, we can routinely generate iPSC from patient specific cell sources, such as skin fibroblast, hair follicle cells, patient blood samples and even urine containing small amount of epithelial cells. iPSC has both similarity and dissimilarity to hES. iPSC is similar enough to regenerate tissue and even full organism as ES does, however what we want for therapeutic advantage is limited to regenerated tissue and lineage specific differentiation. Depending on the lineage and type of cells, both tissue memory containing (DNA rearrangement/epigenetics) and non-containing iPSC can be generated. This makes iPSC even better choice to perform disease modeling as well as cell based therapy. Tissue memory containing iPSC from mature leukocytes would be beneficial for curing cancer and infectious disease. In this review, the benefit of iPSC for translational approaches will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsung Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
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40
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Nakajima-Takagi Y, Osawa M, Iwama A. Manipulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 297:111-20. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaeko Nakajima-Takagi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8670 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology; Gobancho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8670 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology; Gobancho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8670 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology; Gobancho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Japan
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41
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Hematopoietic specification from human pluripotent stem cells: current advances and challenges toward de novo generation of hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2013; 122:4035-46. [PMID: 24124087 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-07-474825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in cellular reprogramming technologies and hematopoietic differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have already enabled the routine production of multiple lineages of blood cells in vitro and opened novel opportunities to study hematopoietic development, model genetic blood diseases, and manufacture immunologically matched cells for transfusion and cancer immunotherapy. However, the generation of hematopoietic cells with robust and sustained multilineage engraftment has not been achieved. Here, we highlight the recent advances in understanding the molecular and cellular pathways leading to blood development from hPSCs and discuss potential approaches that can be taken to facilitate the development of technologies for de novo production of hematopoietic stem cells.
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42
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Clinical-scale derivation of natural killer cells from human pluripotent stem cells for cancer therapy. Nat Biotechnol 2013; 31:928-33. [PMID: 23515118 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of antitumor lymphocytes has gained intense interest in the field of cancer therapeutics over the past two decades. Human natural killer (NK) cells are a promising source of lymphocytes for anticancer immunotherapy. NK cells are part of the innate immune system and exhibit potent antitumor activity without need for human leukocyte antigen matching and without prior antigen exposure. Moreover, the derivation of NK cells from pluripotent stem cells could provide an unlimited source of lymphocytes for off-the-shelf therapy. To date, most studies on hematopoietic cell development from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have used incompletely defined conditions and been on a limited scale. Here, we have used a two-stage culture system to efficiently produce NK cells from hESCs and iPSCs in the absence of cell sorting and without need for xenogeneic stromal cells. This novel combination of embryoid body formation using defined conditions and membrane-bound interleukin 21-expressing artificial antigen-presenting cells allows production of mature and functional NK cells from several different hESC and iPSC lines. Although different hESC and iPSC lines had varying efficiencies in hematopoietic development, all cell lines tested could produce functional NK cells. These methods can be used to generate enough cytotoxic NK cells to treat a single patient from fewer than 250,000 input hESCs/iPSCs. Additionally, this strategy provides a genetically amenable platform to study normal NK cell development and education in vitro.
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43
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Knorr DA, Ni Z, Hermanson D, Hexum MK, Bendzick L, Cooper LJN, Lee DA, Kaufman DS. Clinical-scale derivation of natural killer cells from human pluripotent stem cells for cancer therapy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:274-83. [PMID: 23515118 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of antitumor lymphocytes has gained intense interest in the field of cancer therapeutics over the past two decades. Human natural killer (NK) cells are a promising source of lymphocytes for anticancer immunotherapy. NK cells are part of the innate immune system and exhibit potent antitumor activity without need for human leukocyte antigen matching and without prior antigen exposure. Moreover, the derivation of NK cells from pluripotent stem cells could provide an unlimited source of lymphocytes for off-the-shelf therapy. To date, most studies on hematopoietic cell development from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have used incompletely defined conditions and been on a limited scale. Here, we have used a two-stage culture system to efficiently produce NK cells from hESCs and iPSCs in the absence of cell sorting and without need for xenogeneic stromal cells. This novel combination of embryoid body formation using defined conditions and membrane-bound interleukin 21-expressing artificial antigen-presenting cells allows production of mature and functional NK cells from several different hESC and iPSC lines. Although different hESC and iPSC lines had varying efficiencies in hematopoietic development, all cell lines tested could produce functional NK cells. These methods can be used to generate enough cytotoxic NK cells to treat a single patient from fewer than 250,000 input hESCs/iPSCs. Additionally, this strategy provides a genetically amenable platform to study normal NK cell development and education in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Knorr
- Department of Medicine Hematology, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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T lymphocyte potential marks the emergence of definitive hematopoietic progenitors in human pluripotent stem cell differentiation cultures. Cell Rep 2012; 2:1722-35. [PMID: 23219550 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient generation of hematopoietic stem cells from human pluripotent stem cells is dependent on the appropriate specification of the definitive hematopoietic program during differentiation. In this study, we used T lymphocyte potential to track the onset of definitive hematopoiesis from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated with specific morphogens in serum- and stromal-free cultures. We show that this program develops from a progenitor population with characteristics of hemogenic endothelium, including the expression of CD34, VE-cadherin, GATA2, LMO2, and RUNX1. Along with T cells, these progenitors display the capacity to generate myeloid and erythroid cells. Manipulation of Activin/Nodal signaling during early stages of differentiation revealed that development of the definitive hematopoietic progenitor population is not dependent on this pathway, distinguishing it from primitive hematopoiesis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that it is possible to generate T lymphoid progenitors from pluripotent stem cells and that this lineage develops from a population whose emergence marks the onset of human definitive hematopoiesis.
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45
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In vivo generation of transplantable human hematopoietic cells from induced pluripotent stem cells. Blood 2012; 121:1255-64. [PMID: 23212524 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-06-434407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lineage-restricted cells can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state known as induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells through overexpression of 4 transcription factors. iPS cells are similar to human embryonic stem (hES) cells and have the same ability to generate all the cells of the human body, including blood cells. However, this process is extremely inefficient and to date has been unsuccessful at differentiating iPS into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). We hypothesized that iPS cells, injected into NOD.Cg-Prkdc(scid) Il2rg(tm1Wjl)/SzJ immunocompromised (NSG) mice could give rise to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) during teratoma formation. Here, we report a novel in vivo system in which human iPS cells differentiate within teratomas to derive functional myeloid and lymphoid cells. Similarly, HSPCs can be isolated from teratoma parenchyma and reconstitute a human immune system when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Our data provide evidence that in vivo generation of patient customized cells is feasible, providing materials that could be useful for transplantation, human antibody generation, and drug screening applications.
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46
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Identification of key regulatory pathways of myeloid differentiation using an mESC-based karyotypically normal cell model. Blood 2012; 120:4712-9. [PMID: 23086752 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-03-414979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the process of myeloid differentiation offers important insights into both normal and abnormal developmental processes but is limited by the dearth of experimental models. Here we show that myeloid progenitors can be derived from embryonic stem cells, immortalized, and applied to the study of the mechanisms underlying myeloid differentiation. The embryonic stem cell-derived myeloid progenitors, when immortalized with estrogen-regulated Hoxb8 protein, demonstrate normal karyotyping, are genetically tractable, and can be differentiated into functional neutrophils. Using this model, we identified mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 as a critical regulator of myeloid differentiation. Together, our studies led to a convenient, karyotypically normal, and genetically manipulatable cellular system, which can be used to shed new light on the mechanisms for myeloid differentiation.
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47
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Clapes T, Robin C. Embryonic development of hematopoietic stem cells: implications for clinical use. Regen Med 2012; 7:349-68. [PMID: 22594328 DOI: 10.2217/rme.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is an important treatment modality for hematological malignancies or to correct congenital immunodeficiency disorders. Several stem cell sources are currently applied clinically, with a recent increased application of umbilical cord blood. The low number of HSCs available, particularly in umbilical cord blood, is a limiting factor, and different lines of research are ongoing to circumvent this issue. In this review, we will describe the research strategies developed to expand adult HSCs in vitro and to generate new HSCs from pluripotent stem cell lines. We will also discuss the importance of studying the embryonic microenvironment since it allows both generation and extensive expansion of HSCs. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie HSC production, self-renewal and differentiation is necessary for the establishment of optimal in vitro HSC cultures, where a limitless and manipulatable resource of HSCs would be available for both clinical and fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clapes
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Stem Cell Institute, PO Box 2040, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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48
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Mohib K, Wang L. Differentiation and characterization of dendritic cells from human embryonic stem cells. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2012; Chapter 22:22F.11.1-22F.11.22. [PMID: 22855358 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im22f11s98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) offer great hope in regenerative medicine. Their ability to give rise to almost any type of cell present in the adult body makes them an invaluable tool in finding cures for a variety of diseases. While considerable protocols have been devised to efficiently differentiate hESCs into various cells types including cells of hematopoietic origin, this protocol will focus on the derivation of dendritic cells (DC), a potent antigen-presenting cell. DCs are a highly important arm of the immune system, as they represent one of the few cells that bridge the innate and adaptive systems, leading to effective pathogen clearance. The study of DCs has led to potential applications in diverse fields, such as vaccine development, tumor immunology, and transplantation. In this protocol, we describe two different methods of differentiating hESCs into DCs. The first method uses OP9 bone marrow stromal supporting cells as a coculture system, while the second method utilizes the formation of embryoid body (EB, cellular aggregate) as an approach. To assure the successful outcome and subsequent assessment of the differentiated DCs, supporting protocols have been included in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka Mohib
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Weinacht KG, Brauer PM, Felgentreff K, Devine A, Gennery AR, Giliani S, Al-Herz W, Schambach A, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC, Notarangelo LD. The role of induced pluripotent stem cells in research and therapy of primary immunodeficiencies. Curr Opin Immunol 2012; 24:617-24. [PMID: 22841347 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The advent of reprogramming technology has greatly advanced the field of stem cell biology and nurtured our hope to create patient specific renewable stem cell sources. While the number of reports of disease specific induced pluripotent stem cells is continuously rising, the field becomes increasingly more aware that induced pluripotent stem cells are not as similar to embryonic stem cells as initially assumed. Our state of the art understanding of human induced pluripotent stem cells, their capacity, their limitations and their promise as it pertains to the study and treatment of primary immunodeficiencies, is the content of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja G Weinacht
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, USA
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50
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Togarrati PP, Suknuntha K. Generation of mature hematopoietic cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Int J Hematol 2012; 95:617-23. [PMID: 22648826 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A number of malignant and non-malignant hematological disorders are associated with the abnormal production of mature blood cells or primitive hematopoietic precursors. Their capacity for continuous self-renewal without loss of pluripotency and the ability to differentiate into adult cell types from all three primitive germ layers make human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) attractive complementary cell sources for large-scale production of transfusable mature blood cell components in cell replacement therapies. The generation of patient-specific hematopoietic stem/precursor cells from iPSCs by the regulated manipulation of various factors involved in reprograming to ensure complete pluripotency, and developing innovative differentiation strategies for generating unlimited supply of clinically safe, transplantable, HLA-matched cells from hiPSCs to outnumber the inadequate source of hematopoietic stem cells obtained from cord blood, bone marrow and peripheral blood, would have a major impact on the field of regenerative and personalized medicine leading to translation of these results from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Priya Togarrati
- National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
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