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Optimization of Immunization Procedure for Eimeria tenella DNA Vaccine pVAX1-pEtK2-IL-2 and Its Stability. Acta Parasitol 2019; 64:745-752. [PMID: 31165990 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To seek for the optimal immunization procedure of DNA vaccine pVAX1-pEtK2-IL-2 which was produced via cloning pEtK2 antigen gene of Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) and chicken IL-2 (chIL-2) gene into expression vector pVAX1. METHODS The doses, routes, times of inoculation and ages of the first inoculation of chickens were optimized. The stability of the vaccine, including store temperature and time, was also explored. The effects of the protective immunity against challenge infection were assessed according to average body weight gain, survival rate, oocyst output, lesion score and the anti-coccidial index (ACI). RESULTS The results suggested that intramuscular inoculation was the most efficient route to elicit immune response and 80 μg was the optimal immune dose. Two time injections induced more effective protection compared to single injection, the effect of the first injection at 14 days old was optimal. The immune efficacy of the vaccine stored at different time and temperature was very stable. CONCLUSIONS The optimal immunization procedure for Eimeria tenella DNA vaccine pVAX1-pEtK2-IL-2 is 80 μg DNA, two time injections at 14 and 21 days old, respectively, by intramuscular inoculation.
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2
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Pol S, Jourdain G. Prevention of the mother-to-child transmission of Hepatitis B virus. Liver Int 2018; 38:1177-1178. [PMID: 29932509 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Pol
- Hepatology Department, Cochin Hospital, APHP; INSERM U1223 and Center for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Gonzague Jourdain
- Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Marseille, France.,Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,International Research Collaboration - PHPT: IRD and Chiang Mai University
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3
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Wang Y, Wu S, Wang ZC, Zhu XM, Yin XT, Gao K, Du ZY, Chen GZ, Yu JY. Enhanced immunity and antiviral effects of an HBV DNA vaccine delivered by a DC-targeting protein. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:798-804. [PMID: 27126208 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccine targeting delivery to DC represents one effective strategy to improve the immunogenicity of the vaccine. In a previous study, we developed a novel DC-targeting recombinant protein that can deliver plasmid DNA to DCs by an electrostatic coupling effect and can thus improve the uptake efficiency of DCs, improving the expression of plasmid DNA in DCs. In this study, we coupled the protein with the HBV DNA vaccine pSVK-HBVA and investigated whether the immunogenicity and antiviral ability of the vaccine can be improved in HBV transgenic mice. The results show that a stronger specific immune response can be induced in mice after immunization with the coupling vaccine. The HBV DNA copy number and circulating antigen HBsAg in the serum of HBV transgenic mice were significantly decreased. Therefore, this study has demonstrated that the DC-targeting protein has the ability to improve the immunogenicity and the antiviral activity of the HBV DNA vaccine pSVK-HBVA. These findings indicate that this DC-targeting protein can be a potential method for the delivery of DNA vaccines directly to DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S Wu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Z C Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X M Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X T Yin
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - K Gao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Z Y Du
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - G Z Chen
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Y Yu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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4
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Chen M, Jagya N, Bansal R, Frelin L, Sällberg M. Prospects and progress of DNA vaccines for treating hepatitis B. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:629-40. [PMID: 26652035 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1131615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global cause of liver disease. The preventive HBV vaccine has effectively reduced the disease burden. However, an estimated 340 million chronic HBV cases are in need of treatment. Current standard therapy for chronic HBV blocks reverse transcription. As this therapy blocks viral maturation and not viral protein expression, any immune inhibition exerted by these proteins will remain throughout therapy. This may help to explain why these drugs rarely induce off-therapy responses. Albeit some restoration of immune function occurs during therapy, this is clearly insufficient to control replication. Central questions when considering therapeutic DNA vaccination as an addition to blocking virus production are as follows: what does one hope to achieve? What do we think is wrong and how can the vaccination correct this? We here discuss different scenarios with respect to the lack of success of tested DNA vaccines, and suggest strategies for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Chen
- a Division of Clinical Microbiology, F 68, Department of Laboratory Medicine , Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Department of Dental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Neetu Jagya
- a Division of Clinical Microbiology, F 68, Department of Laboratory Medicine , Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- c Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , University of Twente , Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Lars Frelin
- a Division of Clinical Microbiology, F 68, Department of Laboratory Medicine , Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Matti Sällberg
- a Division of Clinical Microbiology, F 68, Department of Laboratory Medicine , Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
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5
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Yu D, Liu H, Shi S, Dong L, Wang H, Wu N, Gao H, Cheng Z, Zheng Q, Cai J, Zou L, Zou Z. A novel dendritic-cell-targeting DNA vaccine for hepatitis B induces T cell and humoral immune responses and potentiates the antivirus activity in HBV transgenic mice. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:293-9. [PMID: 26475398 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for inducing an effective immune response following vaccination have focused on targeting antigens to dendritic cells (DCs) through the DC-specific surface molecule DEC-205. The immunogenicity and efficacy of DNA vaccination can also be enhanced by fusing the encoded antigen to single-chain antibodies directed against DEC-205. Here, we investigated this promising approach for its enhancement of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific cellular and humoral immune responses and its antiviral effects in HBV transgenic mice. A plasmid DNA vaccine encoding mouse DEC-205 single-chain fragment variable (mDEC-205-scFv) linked with the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was constructed. Vaccination with this fusion DNA vaccine in HBV transgenic mice induced robust antiviral T cell and antibody immunity against HBsAg. The levels of serum-circulating HBsAg and the HBV DNA copy number were downregulated by the induction of a higher HBsAg-specific response. Thus, in this study, we demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of the novel mDEC-205-scFv-fused DNA vaccine in a mouse model of immune-tolerant, chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debin Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Zhejiang Normal University-Jinhua People's Hospital Joint Center for Biomedical Research, Jinhua, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Zhejiang Normal University-Jinhua People's Hospital Joint Center for Biomedical Research, Jinhua, China
| | - Liwei Dong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hongge Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Nuoting Wu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Zhejiang Normal University-Jinhua People's Hospital Joint Center for Biomedical Research, Jinhua, China
| | - Zhaojun Cheng
- Zhejiang Normal University-Jinhua People's Hospital Joint Center for Biomedical Research, Jinhua, China
| | - Qun Zheng
- Zhejiang Normal University-Jinhua People's Hospital Joint Center for Biomedical Research, Jinhua, China
| | - Jiaojiao Cai
- Zhejiang Normal University-Jinhua People's Hospital Joint Center for Biomedical Research, Jinhua, China
| | - Libo Zou
- Zhejiang Normal University-Jinhua People's Hospital Joint Center for Biomedical Research, Jinhua, China.
| | - Zhihua Zou
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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6
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Novel mechanism of gene transfection by low-energy shock wave. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12843. [PMID: 26243452 PMCID: PMC4525295 DOI: 10.1038/srep12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal shock wave (SW) therapy has been studied in the transfection of naked nucleic acids into various cell lines through the process of sonoporation, a process that affects the permeation of cell membranes, which can be an effect of cavitation. In this study, siRNAs were efficiently transfected into primary cultured cells and mouse tumor tissue via SW treatment. Furthermore SW-induced siRNA transfection was not mediated by SW-induced sonoporation, but by microparticles (MPs) secreted from the cells. Interestingly, the transfection effect of the siRNAs was transferable through the secreted MPs from human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) culture medium after treatment with SW, into HUVECs in another culture plate without SW treatment. In this study, we suggest for the first time a mechanism of gene transfection induced by low-energy SW through secreted MPs, and show that it is an efficient physical gene transfection method in vitro and represents a safe therapeutic strategy for site-specific gene delivery in vivo.
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7
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Said ZNA, Abdelwahab KS. Induced immunity against hepatitis B virus. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:1660-1670. [PMID: 26140085 PMCID: PMC4483547 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i12.1660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with its consequent development of HBV chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma is a global mandatory goal. Fortunately, safe and effective HBV vaccines are currently available. Universal hepatitis B surface antigen HBV vaccination coverage is almost done. Growing knowledge based upon monitoring and surveillance of HBV vaccination programs has accumulated and the policy of booster vaccination has been evaluated. This review article provides an overview of the natural history of HBV infection, immune responses and the future of HBV infection. It also summarizes the updated sources, types and uses of HBV vaccines, whether in the preclinical phase or in the post-field vaccination.
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8
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Wieland SF. The chimpanzee model for hepatitis B virus infection. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 5:5/6/a021469. [PMID: 26033082 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a021469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Even before the discovery of hepatitis B virus (HBV), it was known that chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are susceptible to human hepatitis viruses. The chimpanzee is the only primate animal model for HBV infections. Much like HBV-infected human patients, chimpanzees can develop acute and chronic HBV infections and consequent hepatitis. Chimpanzees also develop a cellular immune response similar to that observed in humans. For these reasons, the chimpanzee has proven to be an invaluable model for investigations on HBV-driven disease pathogenesis and also the testing of novel antiviral therapies and prophylactic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F Wieland
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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9
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Qiu Y, Guo L, Zhang S, Xu B, Gao Y, Hu Y, Hou J, Bai B, Shen H, Mao P. DNA-based vaccination against hepatitis B virus using dissolving microneedle arrays adjuvanted by cationic liposomes and CpG ODN. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2391-2398. [PMID: 25625495 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.992497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccines are simple to produce and can generate strong cellular and humoral immune response, making them attractive vaccine candidates. However, a major shortcoming of DNA vaccines is their poor immunogenicity when administered intramuscularly. Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) via microneedles is a promising alternative delivery route to enhance the vaccination efficacy. A novel dissolving microneedle array (DMA)-based TCI system loaded with cationic liposomes encapsulated with hepatitis B DNA vaccine and adjuvant CpG ODN was developed and characterized. The pGFP expression in mouse skin using DMA was imaged over time. In vivo immunity tests in mice were performed to observe the capability of DMA to induce immune response after delivery of DNA. The results showed that pGFP could be delivered into skin by DMA and expressed in skin. Further, the amount of expressed GFP was likely to peak at day 4. The immunity tests showed that the DMA-based DNA vaccination could induce effective immune response. CpG ODN significantly improved the immune response and achieved the shift of immune type from predominate Th2 type to a balance Th1/Th2 type. The cationic liposomes could further improve the immunogenicity of DNA vaccine. In conclusion, the novel DMA-based TCI system can effectively deliver hepatitis B DNA vaccine into skin, inducing effective immune response and change the immune type by adjuvant CpG ODN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Qiu
- a Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Haidian , Beijing , China , and
| | - Lei Guo
- a Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Haidian , Beijing , China , and
| | - Suohui Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Haidian , Beijing , China , and
| | - Bai Xu
- a Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Haidian , Beijing , China , and
| | - Yunhua Gao
- a Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Haidian , Beijing , China , and
| | - Yan Hu
- b 302 Military Hospital of China , Fengtai , Beijing , China
| | - Jun Hou
- b 302 Military Hospital of China , Fengtai , Beijing , China
| | - Bingke Bai
- b 302 Military Hospital of China , Fengtai , Beijing , China
| | - Honghui Shen
- b 302 Military Hospital of China , Fengtai , Beijing , China
| | - Panyong Mao
- b 302 Military Hospital of China , Fengtai , Beijing , China
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10
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Fontaine H, Kahi S, Chazallon C, Bourgine M, Varaut A, Buffet C, Godon O, Meritet JF, Saïdi Y, Michel ML, Scott-Algara D, Aboulker JP, Pol S. Anti-HBV DNA vaccination does not prevent relapse after discontinuation of analogues in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: a randomised trial--ANRS HB02 VAC-ADN. Gut 2015; 64:139-47. [PMID: 24555998 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The antiviral efficacy of nucleos(t)ide analogues whose main limitation is relapse after discontinuation requires long-term therapy. To overcome the risk of relapse and virological breakthrough during long-term therapy, we performed a phase I/II, open, prospective, multicentre trial using a HBV envelope-expressing DNA vaccine. DESIGN 70 patients treated effectively with nucleos(t)ide analogues for a median of 3 years (HBV DNA <12 IU/mL for at least 12 months) were randomised into two groups: one received five intramuscular injections of vaccine (weeks 0, 8, 16, 40 and 44) and one did not receive the vaccine. Analogues were stopped after an additional 48 weeks of treatment in patients who maintained HBV DNA <12 IU/mL with no clinical progression and monthly HBV DNA for 6 months. The primary endpoint was defined as viral reactivation at week 72 (HBV DNA >120 IU/mL) or impossibility of stopping treatment at week 48. RESULTS Reactivation occurred in 97% of each group after a median 28 days without liver failure but with an HBV DNA <2000 IU/mL in 33%; 99% of adverse reactions were mild to moderate. Immune responses were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot and proliferation assays: there was no difference in the percentage of patients with interferon-γ secreting cells and a specific T-cell proliferation to HBcAg but not to HBsAg after reactivation in each group. CONCLUSIONS Although it is fairly well tolerated, the HBV DNA vaccine does not decrease the risk of relapse in HBV-treated patients or the rate of virological breakthrough, and does not restore the anti-HBV immune response despite effective viral suppression by analogues. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00536627.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fontaine
- Institut Cochin, CNRS (UMR 8104) and INSERM U-1016, Université Paris Descartes, et Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Hépatologie, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - S Kahi
- INSERM SC10, Villejuif, France
| | | | - M Bourgine
- Laboratoire de pathogénèse des virus de l'hépatite B and INSERM U845, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - A Varaut
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - C Buffet
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Kremlin-Bicêtre Hospital, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - O Godon
- Laboratoire de pathogénèse des virus de l'hépatite B and INSERM U845, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - J F Meritet
- Virology Unit, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Y Saïdi
- INSERM SC10, Villejuif, France
| | - M L Michel
- Laboratoire de pathogénèse des virus de l'hépatite B and INSERM U845, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - D Scott-Algara
- Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur
| | | | - S Pol
- Institut Cochin, CNRS (UMR 8104) and INSERM U-1016, Université Paris Descartes, et Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Hépatologie, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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11
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Vaccines and Vaccination. THE ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN IMPROVEMENT OF LIVESTOCK 2015. [PMCID: PMC7122016 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-46789-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Livestock vaccines aim to increase livestock product and improve the health and welfare of livestock animals in a cost-efficient manner and prevent disease transmission. Successful livestock vaccines have been generated for pathogens including bacterial, viral, protozoan, and multicellular pathogens. These livestock vaccines have a significant effect on animal health and products and on human health through growing safe food procurement and preventing zoonotic diseases. There are successful production of biotechnological-based animal vaccines licensed for use that include virus-like particle vaccines, gene-deleted marker vaccines, subunit vaccines, DIVA vaccines, and DNA vaccines.
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Endmann A, Klünder K, Kapp K, Riede O, Oswald D, Talman EG, Schroff M, Kleuss C, Ruiters MHJ, Juhls C. Cationic lipid-formulated DNA vaccine against hepatitis B virus: immunogenicity of MIDGE-Th1 vectors encoding small and large surface antigen in comparison to a licensed protein vaccine. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101715. [PMID: 24992038 PMCID: PMC4081723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently marketed vaccines against hepatitis B virus (HBV) based on the small (S) hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) fail to induce a protective immune response in about 10% of vaccinees. DNA vaccination and the inclusion of PreS1 and PreS2 domains of HBsAg have been reported to represent feasible strategies to improve the efficacy of HBV vaccines. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity of SAINT-18-formulated MIDGE-Th1 vectors encoding the S or the large (L) protein of HBsAg in mice and pigs. In both animal models, vectors encoding the secretion-competent S protein induced stronger humoral responses than vectors encoding the L protein, which was shown to be retained mainly intracellularly despite the presence of a heterologous secretion signal. In pigs, SAINT-18-formulated MIDGE-Th1 vectors encoding the S protein elicited an immune response of the same magnitude as the licensed protein vaccine Engerix-B, with S protein-specific antibody levels significantly higher than those considered protective in humans, and lasting for at least six months after the third immunization. Thus, our results provide not only the proof of concept for the SAINT-18-formulated MIDGE-Th1 vector approach but also confirm that with a cationic-lipid formulation, a DNA vaccine at a relatively low dose can elicit an immune response similar to a human dose of an aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted protein vaccine in large animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcel H. J. Ruiters
- Synvolux Therapeutics B.V., Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Xie X, Geng S, Liu H, Li C, Yang Y, Wang B. Cimetidine synergizes with Praziquantel to enhance the immune response of HBV DNA vaccine via activating cytotoxic CD8(+) T cell. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:1688-99. [PMID: 24643207 DOI: 10.4161/hv.28517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have reported that either CIM or PZQ, 2 clinical drugs, could be used to develop as adjuvants on HBV DNA vaccine to elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses. Here, we demonstrate that combinations of CIM and PZQ as adjuvants for a HBV DNA vaccine, could induce much stronger antigen specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses compared either with CIM or PZQ alone. The synergistic effects of CIM plus PZQ to HBV DNA vaccine were observed on a higher IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, an increase of HBsAg-specific CD4(+) T cells capable of producing IFN-γ or IL-17A and a robust IFN-γ-, IL-17A-, or TNF-α-producing CD8(+) T cells to HBsAg. Most importantly, the antigen-specific CTL response was also elevated significantly, which is critical for the eradication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected cells. Using an HBsAg transgenic mouse model, the expression of HBsAg in the hepatic cells was also significantly reduced after immunized with pCD-S 2 in the presence of 0.5% CIM and 0.25% PZQ. Further investigations demonstrated that the synergistic effects of combination of CIM and PZQ were dependent on enhanced cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells, which was correlated with impaired activities of regulatory T cells. Therefore, combinations of CIM and PZQ have great potential to be used as effective adjuvants on DNA-based vaccinations for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology; College of Biological Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology; College of Biological Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing, PR China
| | - Chaofan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yuqin Yang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center affiliated to Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology; College of Biological Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOH and MOE; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College; Shanghai, PR China
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14
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Kobelt D, Aumann J, Schmidt M, Wittig B, Fichtner I, Behrens D, Lemm M, Freundt G, Schlag PM, Walther W. Preclinical study on combined chemo- and nonviral gene therapy for sensitization of melanoma using a human TNF-alpha expressing MIDGE DNA vector. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:609-19. [PMID: 24503218 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonviral gene therapy represents a realistic option for clinical application in cancer treatment. This preclinical study demonstrates the advantage of using the small-size MIDGE(®) DNA vector for improved transgene expression and therapeutic application. This is caused by significant increase in transcription efficiency, but not by increased intracellular vector copy numbers or gene transfer efficiency. We used the MIDGE-hTNF-alpha vector for high-level expression of hTNF-alpha in vitro and in vivo for a combined gene therapy and vindesine treatment in human melanoma models. The MIDGE vector mediated high-level hTNF-alpha expression leads to sensitization of melanoma cells towards vindesine. The increased efficacy of this combination is mediated by remarkable acceleration and increase of initiator caspase 8 and 9 and effector caspase 3 and 7 activation. In the therapeutic approach, the nonviral intratumoral in vivo jet-injection gene transfer of MIDGE-hTNF-alpha in combination with vindesine causes melanoma growth inhibition in association with increased apoptosis in A375 cell line or patient derived human melanoma xenotransplant (PDX) models. This study represents a proof-of-concept for an anticipated phase I clinical gene therapy trial, in which the MIDGE-hTNF-alpha vector will be used for efficient combined chemo- and nonviral gene therapy of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kobelt
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jutta Aumann
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Burghardt Wittig
- Foundation Institute Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iduna Fichtner
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Behrens
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Margit Lemm
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Greta Freundt
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter M Schlag
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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Niu X, Yang Y, Wang J. Synergistic and Additive Effects of Cimetidine and Levamisole on Cellular Immune Responses to Hepatitis B virus DNA Vaccine in Mice. Scand J Immunol 2013; 77:84-91. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Niu
- College of Life Science, Henan University; Kaifeng; China
| | - Y. Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine College of Medicine, Henan University; Kaifeng; China
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16
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Biju V, Anas A, Akita H, Shibu ES, Itoh T, Harashima H, Ishikawa M. FRET from quantum dots to photodecompose undesired acceptors and report the condensation and decondensation of plasmid DNA. ACS NANO 2012; 6:3776-3788. [PMID: 22468986 DOI: 10.1021/nn2048608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Protection of genes against enzymatic degradation and overcoming of cellular barriers are critical for efficient gene delivery. The effectiveness of gene delivery by nonviral vectors depends mostly on the extent of DNA packaging or condensation. We show that Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-mediated photodecomposition of undesired acceptors in doubly labeled plasmid DNA (pDNA) and FRET recovery after acceptor photodecomposition (FRET-RAP) are effective methods for the detection of DNA condensation and decondensation. Our hypothesis is that undesired acceptors within the Förster distance of highly-photostable donors in precondensed DNA can be selectively photodecomposed by FRET. We investigate this hypothesis by the random labeling of pcDNA3.1-GL3 and pUC18DNA with quantum dots (QDs) as the energy donor and AlexaFluor594 or Cy5 as the acceptor. At first, the random labeling generates efficient FRET, also called intrinsic FRET, in precondensed DNA, which prevents us from decoding any changes in the FRET efficiency during DNA condensation. Next, we suppressed the intrinsic FRET by the FRET-mediated photodecomposition of acceptors within the Förster distance of QDs. Conversely, many acceptors kept intact beyond the Förster distance provide us with high FRET efficiency during the condensation of pDNA using protamine. Further, the FRET efficiency is significantly decreased during the decondensation of DNA using heparan sulfate and glutathione. The random labeling of DNA using excess acceptors around photostable donors followed by the FRET-mediated photodecomposition of undesired acceptors can be a promising method for not only the sensitive detection of DNA condensation by FRET but also the customization of biomolecular sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
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Bhowmik T, D’Souza B, Uddin MN, D’Souza MJ. Oral delivery of microparticles containing plasmid DNA encoding hepatitis-B surface antigen. J Drug Target 2012; 20:364-71. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.662686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Chronic HBV infection remains a leading cause of serious liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in spite of the existence of an effective preventive vaccine. Although the actual antiviral treatments have greatly improved, they only rarely clear viral infection. In this regard, therapeutic DNA vaccination appears to have great promise to stimulate and restore the impaired immune responses in chronic HBV carriers. This review examines preclinical studies of preventive and therapeutic DNA vaccines in different animal models (mouse, woodchuck and duck) and the first clinical studies in chronically infected patients. We also focused on different approaches aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of DNA vaccines such as combination therapy with antiviral drugs and in vivo DNA electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Cova
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm U1052, CRCL team 15, 151 cours Albert Thomas, 69003 Lyon, France
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Enhanced effect of DNA immunization plus in vivo electroporation with a combination of hepatitis B virus core-PreS1 and S-PreS1 plasmids. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:1789-95. [PMID: 21900535 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05113-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To develop a novel, effective HBV therapeutic vaccine, we constructed two HBV DNA immunogens that contained PreS1, HBSS1, and HBCS1. Several delivery methods, such as intramuscular (i.m.) injection, intramuscular injection plus electroporation (i.m.-EP), and intradermal injection plus electroporation (i.d.-EP) were used in a murine model to analyze and compare the immune responses that were induced by the DNA immunogens. We found that i.d.-EP accelerated specific antibody seroconversion and produced high antibody (anti-PreS1, anti-S, and anti-C antibody) titers after HBSS1 and HBCS1 immunization. Combining the HBSS1 and HBCS1 DNA immunogens with i.d.-EP produced the strongest multiantigen (PreS1, S, and C)-specific cellular immune response and the highest specific PreS1 antibody levels. The results indicated that DNA immunization using HBSS1 and HBCS1 might be an ideal candidate, with its ability to elicit robust B and T cell immune responses against multiantigen when combined with optimized delivery technology. The present study provides a basis for the design and rational application of a novel HBV DNA vaccine.
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Abstract
This review provides a detailed look at the attributes and immunologic mechanisms of plasmid DNA vaccines and their utility as laboratory tools as well as potential human vaccines. The immunogenicity and efficacy of DNA vaccines in a variety of preclinical models is used to illustrate how they differ from traditional vaccines in novel ways due to the in situ antigen production and the ease with which they are constructed. The ability to make new DNA vaccines without needing to handle a virulent pathogen or to adapt the pathogen for manufacturing purposes demonstrates the potential value of this vaccine technology for use against emerging and epidemic pathogens. Similarly, personalized anti-tumor DNA vaccines can also readily be made from a biopsy. Because DNA vaccines bias the T-helper (Th) cell response to a Th1 phenotype, DNA vaccines are also under development for vaccines against allergy and autoimmune diseases. The licensure of four animal health products, including two prophylactic vaccines against infectious diseases, one immunotherapy for cancer, and one gene therapy delivery of a hormone for a food animal, provides evidence of the efficacy of DNA vaccines in multiple species including horses and pigs. The size of these target animals provides evidence that the somewhat disappointing immunogenicity of DNA vaccines in a number of human clinical trials is not due simply to the larger mass of humans compared with most laboratory animals. The insights gained from the mechanisms of protection in the animal vaccines, the advances in the delivery and expression technologies for increasing the potency of DNA vaccines, and encouragingly potent human immune responses in certain clinical trials, provide insights for future efforts to develop DNA vaccines into a broadly useful vaccine and immunotherapy platform with applications for human and animal health.
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Chen Z, Cao J, Liao X, Ke J, Zhu S, Zhao P, Qi Z. Plasmids Enriched with CpG Motifs Activate Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells In Vitro and Enhance Th-1 Immune Responses to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Mice. Viral Immunol 2011; 24:199-209. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2010.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinshan Ke
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiying Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongtian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Zhou C, Peng G, Jin X, Tang J, Chen Z. Vaccination with a fusion DNA vaccine encoding hepatitis B surface antigen fused to the extracellular domain of CTLA4 enhances HBV-specific immune responses in mice: Implication of its potential use as a therapeutic vaccine. Clin Immunol 2010; 137:190-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Wang XY, Zhang XX, Yao X, Jiang JH, Xie YH, Yuan ZH, Wen YM. Serum HBeAg sero-conversion correlated with decrease of HBsAg and HBV DNA in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with a therapeutic vaccine. Vaccine 2010; 28:8169-74. [PMID: 20937312 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are various approaches for developing therapeutic vaccines for chronic hepatitis B patients. Previously, an antigen-antibody-based therapeutic vaccine (YIC) has been conducted in a double-blind placebo controlled phase IIb clinical trial in 242 chronic hepatitis B patients. At the end of follow-up for 24 weeks, HBeAg sero-conversion rate was 21.6% in the 60 μg immunized group, compared to 9% in the alum immunized control group (p=0.03). To analyze the correlation between HBeAg-seroconversion, and decrease of serum HBsAg and HBV DNA, serum samples were back quantified for serum HBsAg and HBV DNA collected at baseline, end of treatment, and end of follow-up from patients who were treated either with 60 μg of YIC, or with placebo. Patients were dichotomized to HBeAg sero-converted and non-converted groups in comparison with patients in the placebo group. The correlations between HBeAg seroconversion and the decrease of HBsAg, HBV DNA and ALT levels during study period were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results showed marked and sustained reduction of HBsAg, HBV DNA and ALT level in HBeAg sero-converted patients compared to those in patients of HBeAg non-converted and placebo groups. Reduction of HBV DNA and elevation of ALT was markedly associated with HBeAg seroconversion with an adjusted OR of 0.09 (95%CI: 0.01-0.62) and 0.08 (95%CI: 0.02-0.37) respectively after adjusted by age and sex, while reduction of HBsAg level was close to of significance (p=0.054). Analysis indicated that HBeAg sero-conversion was a reasonable endpoint for therapeutic vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Yi Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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24
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Ma CL, Wang GB, Gu RG, Wang F. Construction and characterization of calreticulin-HBsAg fusion gene recombinant adenovirus expression vector. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:3078-82. [PMID: 20572313 PMCID: PMC2890950 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i24.3078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To generate recombinant adenoviral vector containing calreticulin (CRT)-hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) fusion gene for developing a safe, effective and HBsAg-specific therapeutic vaccine.
METHODS: CRT and HBsAg gene were fused using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), endonuclease digestion and ligation methods. The fusion gene was cloned into pENTR/D-TOPO transfer vector after the base pairs of DNA (CACC) sequence was added to the 5′ end. Adenoviral expression vector containing CRT-HBsAg fusion gene was constructed by homologous recombinantion. The human embryo kidney (HEK) 293A cells were transfected with linearized DNA plasmid of the recombinant adenoviral vector to package and amplify recombinant adenovirus. The recombinant adenovirus titer was characterized using the end-dilution assay. The expression of the CRT/HBsAg fusion protein in Ad-CRT/HBsAg infected 293A cells was detected by Western blotting.
RESULTS: The CRT-HBsAg fusion gene was characterized by PCR and sequencing and its length and sequence were confirmed to be accurate. The CRT-HBsAg fusion gene recombinant pENTR/D-TOPO transfer vector was constructed. The recombinant adenoviral vector, Ad-CRT/HBsAg, was generated successfully. The titer of Ad-CRT/HBsAg was characterized as 3.9 × 1011 pfu/mL. The CRT-HBsAg fusion protein was expressed by HEK 293A cells correctly.
CONCLUSION: CRT/HBsAg fusion gene recombinant replication-defective adenovirus expression vector is constructed successfully and this study has provided an experimental basis for further studies of Hepatitis B virus gene therapy.
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Zou Q, Zhong Y, Su H, Kang Y, Jin J, Liu Q, Geng S, Zhao G, Wang B. Enhancement of humoral and cellular responses to HBsAg DNA vaccination by immunization with praziquantel through inhibition TGF-beta/Smad2,3 signaling. Vaccine 2010; 28:2032-8. [PMID: 20188260 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Praziquantel (PZQ), which is used to treat all forms of schistosomiasis, has been shown to induce strong T cell activities and decrease T regulatory cell levels. In our study, we investigated whether PZQ may be used as an adjuvant for a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) DNA vaccine (pcD-S2) in eliciting strong humoral and cellular responses. Our data demonstrate that PZQ as an adjuvant increased T cell proliferation and an HBsAg-specific antibody response that was characterized by a higher ratio of IgG2a/IgG1. Moreover, a higher level of IFN-gamma in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were elicited. In addition, a significantly antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response was also observed. The expression of TGF-beta can be induced by HBsAg, while PZQ as an adjuvant can inhibit the expression of TGF-beta and TGF-beta/Smad2,3 signaling. The frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells was reduced. Importantly, the regulatory function of CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells was correspondingly impaired. Together, these results suggest that PZQ can enhance humoral and cellular responses to HBsAg DNA vaccination through inhibition TGF-beta/Smad2,3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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26
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Zhou Q, Wang F, Yang F, Wang Y, Zhang X, Sun S. Augmented humoral and cellular immune response of hepatitis B virus DNA vaccine by micro-needle vaccination using Flt3L as an adjuvant. Vaccine 2010; 28:1357-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Scott-Algara D, Mancini-Bourgine M, Fontaine H, Pol S, Michel ML. Changes to the natural killer cell repertoire after therapeutic hepatitis B DNA vaccination. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8761. [PMID: 20090916 PMCID: PMC2807462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improvements to the outcome of adaptive immune responses could be achieved by inducing specific natural killer (NK) cell subsets which can cooperate with dendritic cells to select efficient T cell responses. We previously reported the induction or reactivation of T cell responses in chronic hepatitis B patients vaccinated with a DNA encoding hepatitis B envelope proteins during a phase I clinical trial. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we examined changes in the peripheral NK cell populations occurring during this vaccine trial using flow cytometry analysis. Despite a constant number of NK cells in the periphery, a significant increase in the CD56(bright) population was observed after each vaccination and during the follow up. Among the 13 different NK cell markers studied by flow cytometry analysis, the expression of CD244 and NKG2D increased significantly in the CD56(bright) NK population. The ex vivo CD107a expression by CD56(bright) NK cells progressively increased in the vaccinated patients to reach levels that were significantly higher compared to chronically HBV-infected controls. Furthermore, modifications to the percentage of the CD56(bright) NK cell population were correlated with HBV-specific T cell responses detected by the ELISPOT assay. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These changes in the CD56(bright) population may suggest a NK helper effect on T cell adaptive responses. Activation of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system by DNA immunization may be of particular importance to the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in a context of chronic infections. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00988767.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Scott-Algara
- Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Maryline Mancini-Bourgine
- Laboratoire de pathogenèse des virus de l'hépatite B, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U845, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Fontaine
- AP-HP, Service d'hépatologie, Hôpital Cochin, Université René Descartes Paris V, INSERM U 567, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Pol
- AP-HP, Service d'hépatologie, Hôpital Cochin, Université René Descartes Paris V, INSERM U 567, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Louise Michel
- Laboratoire de pathogenèse des virus de l'hépatite B, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U845, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Service d'hépatologie, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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29
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Protective anti-hepatitis B virus responses in rhesus monkeys primed with a vectored measles virus and boosted with a single dose of hepatitis B surface antigen. J Virol 2009; 83:9013-7. [PMID: 19535451 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00906-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The widely used hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine is based on three doses of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) protein. We previously showed that vectored measles viruses (MV) expressing HBsAg retain measles vaccine function in monkeys but do not induce a protective anti-HBs response in all animals. We show here that a single dose of HBsAg protein following a three-dose vaccination regimen with an optimized HBsAg-expressing MV elicits protective anti-HBs responses in all four vaccinated Rhesus monkeys. Vaccination strategies coupling the effective, long-term immunity elicited by the high-coverage MV vaccine to prophylactic HBV immunity are discussed.
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Abstract
As an attractive alternative to conventional vaccines, DNA vaccines play a critical role in inducing protection against several infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss the advantages that DNA vaccines offer in comparison to conventional protein-based vaccines. We discuss strategies to improve the potency and efficacy of DNA vaccines. Specifically, we focus on the potential use of DNA-based vaccines to elicit broad-spectrum humoral and cellular immunity against influenza virus. Finally, we discuss the advances made in the use of DNA vaccines to prevent avian H5N1 influenza.
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31
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Comparing the ability of a series of viral protein-expressing plasmid DNAs to protect against H5N1 influenza virus. Virus Genes 2008; 38:30-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-008-0305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Saade F, Buronfosse T, Pradat P, Abdul F, Cova L. Enhancement of neutralizing humoral response of DNA vaccine against duck hepatitis B virus envelope protein by co-delivery of cytokine genes. Vaccine 2008; 26:5159-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Wang J, Su B, Ding Z, Du X, Wang B. Cimetidine enhances immune response of HBV DNA vaccination via impairment of the regulatory function of regulatory T cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 372:491-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.04.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Thermet A, Buronfosse T, Werle-Lapostolle B, Chevallier M, Pradat P, Trepo C, Zoulim F, Cova L. DNA vaccination in combination or not with lamivudine treatment breaks humoral immune tolerance and enhances cccDNA clearance in the duck model of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Gen Virol 2008; 89:1192-1201. [PMID: 18420797 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used a duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) model to evaluate whether a novel DNA vaccination protocol alone or associated with antiviral (lamivudine) treatment was able to clear the intrahepatic covalently closed, circular viral DNA (cccDNA) pool responsible for persistence of infection. DHBV carriers received DNA vaccine (on weeks 6, 10, 13, 14, 28 and 35) targeting the large envelope and/or core proteins alone or combined with lamivudine treatment (on weeks 1-8) or lamivudine monotherapy. After 10 months of follow-up, a dramatic decrease in viraemia and liver DHBV cccDNA (below 0.08 cccDNA copies per cell) was observed in 9/30 ducks (30 %) receiving DNA mono- or combination therapy, compared with 0/12 (0 %) from lamivudine monotherapy or the control groups, suggesting a significant antiviral effect of DNA immunization. However, association with the drug did not significantly improve DHBV DNA vaccine efficacy (33 % cccDNA clearance for the combination vs 27 % for DNA monotherapy), probably due to the low antiviral potency of lamivudine in the duck model. Seroconversion to anti-preS was observed in 6/9 (67 %) ducks showing cccDNA clearance, compared with 1/28 (3.6 %) without clearance, suggesting a significant correlation (P<0.001) between humoral response restoration and cccDNA elimination. Importantly, an early (weeks 10-12) drop in viraemia was observed in seroconverted animals, and virus replication did not rebound following the cessation of immunotherapy, indicating a sustained effect. This study provides the first evidence that therapeutic DNA vaccination is able to enhance hepadnaviral cccDNA clearance, which is tightly associated with a break in humoral immune tolerance. These results also highlight the importance of antiviral drug potency and an effective DNA immunization protocol for the design of therapeutic vaccines against chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Thermet
- Université Lyon 1, IFR62, F-69008 Lyon, France.,INSERM, Unit 871, F-69424 Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Buronfosse
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France.,Université Lyon 1, IFR62, F-69008 Lyon, France.,INSERM, Unit 871, F-69424 Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Pradat
- Hospices Civiles de Lyon, Department of Hepatology, Hotel-Dieu, F-69002 Lyon, France
| | - Christian Trepo
- Hospices Civiles de Lyon, Department of Hepatology, Hotel-Dieu, F-69002 Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, IFR62, F-69008 Lyon, France.,INSERM, Unit 871, F-69424 Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Hospices Civiles de Lyon, Department of Hepatology, Hotel-Dieu, F-69002 Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, IFR62, F-69008 Lyon, France.,INSERM, Unit 871, F-69424 Lyon, France
| | - Lucyna Cova
- Université Lyon 1, IFR62, F-69008 Lyon, France.,INSERM, Unit 871, F-69424 Lyon, France
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35
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Xing Y, Huang Z, Lin Y, Li J, Chou TH, Lu S, Wang S. The ability of Hepatitis B surface antigen DNA vaccine to elicit cell-mediated immune responses, but not antibody responses, was affected by the deglysosylation of S antigen. Vaccine 2008; 26:5145-52. [PMID: 18462847 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection remains a major worldwide infectious disease with serious long-term morbidity and mortality. The limited selections of drug treatment are not able to control the progress of disease in people with active and persistent HBV infection. Immunotherapy to control the degree of viral infection is one possible alternative solution to this challenge. HBV DNA vaccines, with their strong ability to induce cell-mediated immune responses, offer an attractive option. HBV surface protein is important in viral immunity. Re-establishing anti-S immunity in chronic HBV infected patients will bring significant benefit to the patients. Previous studies have shown that HBV S DNA vaccines are immunogenic in a number of animal studies. In the current study, we further investigated the effect of glycosylation to the expression and immunogenicity of S DNA vaccines. Our results demonstrate that deglycosylation at the two potential N-linked glycosylation sites in S protein resulted in a significant decrease of S-specific cell-mediated immune responses, but did not affect anti-S antibody responses. This finding provides important direction to the development of S DNA vaccines to elicit the optimal and balanced antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to treat people with HBV chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Xing
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, and China-US Vaccine Research Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
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36
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Abstract
Molecular analyses have become an integral part of biomedical research as well as clinical medicine. The definition of the molecular and genetic basis of many human diseases has led to a better understanding of their pathogenesis and has in addition offered new perspectives for their diagnosis, therapy and prevention. Genetically, liver diseases can be classified as hereditary monogenic, acquired monogenic, complex genetic and diseases. Based on this classification, gene therapy is based on six concepts: gene repair, gene substitution, cell therapy, block of gene expression or function, DNA vaccination as well as gene augmentation. While recent developments are promising, various delivery, targeting and safety issues need to be addressed before gene therapy will enter clinical practice. In the future, molecular diagnosis and therapy liver diseases will be part of our patient management and complement existing diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Blum
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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37
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Qu D, Lanier G, Yuan ZH, Wen YM, Howard CR, Ahmed R. Localization of CD8+ cells specific for hepatitis B virus surface protein in the liver of immunized mice. J Med Virol 2008; 80:225-32. [PMID: 18098130 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA plasmids are potent inducers of long-lasting antigen-specific CTL responses. Little is known about the distribution of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the lymphoid tissue and the non-lymphoid tissue after DNA immunization. HBsAg-specific CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, spleen, lymph nodes, and the liver of Balb/c mice have been quantified after injection with a DNA plasmid expressing the major S protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV). The kinetics of CD8+ T-cell responses in the circulation were measured after priming and boosting, showing that antigen-specific CD8+ T cells undergo first expansion and then decline to a sustainable level in the circulation, although the frequencies of HBsAg-specific CD8+ T cells in the circulation were lower than for the spleen. The greater frequencies of HBsAg-specific CD8+ T cells were found in the liver, whereas the largest numbers of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were found in the spleen. By day 100 after priming, HBsAg-specific CD8+ T cells were still detected in the circulation, the spleen and the liver. After boosting with the same plasmid DNA immunogen, HBsAg-specific CD8+ T cells proliferated quickly and vigorously. By 150 days after boosting, HBsAg-specific memory CD8+ T cells were sustained at higher levels than those recorded after the first, primary injection, both in the spleen and the liver: anti-HBs antibody-secreting plasma cells persisted in the bone marrow and in the spleen, consistent with the detection of anti-HBs antibodies detected in the blood. These findings indicate that DNA immunization has considerable potential for inducing specific T cell responses in the liver and offers a strategy for the development of post-exposure immunotherapy against persistent hepatitis B infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Qu
- Department of Medical Molecular Virology, Institutes of Bio-medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Li DA, He Y, Wang F, Guo YJ, Yang F, Zhou Q, Sun SH. Proteomic analysis of augmented immune responses in mouse by prime-and-boost immunization strategy with DNA vaccine coding HBsAg and rHBsAg protein. Vaccine 2007; 25:8146-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bharali DJ, Mousa SA, Thanavala Y. Micro- and nanoparticle-based vaccines for hepatitis B. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 601:415-21. [PMID: 17713030 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-72005-0_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The incredible success of vaccinations in contributing to public health is undeniable. In fact, vaccines are the most cost-effective public health tool for disease prevention because their cost is less than the combined costs of treatment, hospitalization, and time loss from work. However, despite the availability of vaccines, cost per dose is a factor limiting the success of global vaccination campaigns, as are the limitations imposed by the need of delivering multiple vaccine doses. A number of approaches are being tested particularly for the delivery of subunit vaccines, and in recent years, a number of groups have devoted their efforts to develop nano/microparticles prepared from biodegradable and biocompatible polymers as vaccine delivery systems with the goal of inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses. Some important properties of biodegradable polymers are their documented safety history, biocompatibility, and an ability to provide controlled time/rate of antigen release and polymer degradation. The most extensively studied polymer used for encapsulating vaccine antigens is poly (lactide-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA). This chapter deals in brief with efforts targeting the use of PLGA micro-and nanoparticles for the delivery of hepatitis B surface antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba J Bharali
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Immunology, Buffalo, NY, USA
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A DNA vaccine against dolphin morbillivirus is immunogenic in bottlenose dolphins. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007; 120:260-6. [PMID: 17706293 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Revised: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The immunization of exotic species presents considerable challenges. Nevertheless, for facilities like zoos, animal parks, government facilities and non-profit conservation groups, the protection of valuable and endangered species from infectious disease is a growing concern. The rationale for immunization in these species parallels that for human and companion animals; to decrease the incidence of disease. The U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program, in collaboration with industry and academic partners, has developed and evaluated a DNA vaccine targeting a marine viral pathogen - dolphin morbillivirus (DMV). The DMV vaccine consists of the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin (H) genes of DMV. Vaccine constructs (pVR-DMV-F and pVR-DMV-H) were evaluated for expression in vitro and then for immunogenicity in mice. Injection protocols were designed for application in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) to balance vaccine effectiveness with clinical utility. Six dolphins were inoculated, four animals received both pDMV-F and pDMV-H and two animals received a mock vaccine (vector alone). All animals received an inoculation week 0, followed by two booster injections weeks 8 and 14. Vaccine-specific immune responses were documented in all four vaccinated animals. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pathogen-specific immunogenicity to a DNA vaccine in an aquatic mammal species.
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Abstract
Despite effective prophylactic vaccines against hepatitis B virus existing for over 20 years, more than 2.5 billion people worldwide have been exposed to the disease and approximately 370 million people are chronically infected with it. Chronic infection in more than two thirds of infected patients results in chronic liver disease, which may lead to cirrhosis, exposure to noncarcinomatous complications and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently available therapies fail to allow complete control of viral replication in most patients. Viral persistence has been associated with a defect in the development of hepatitis B virus-specific cellular immunity. Immunomodulatory strategies to boost or to broaden the weak virus-specific T-cell response have been proposed to bypass the chronic hepatitis B infection, including hepatitis B virus envelope- and nucleocapsid-based vaccines, and new formulations for recombinant and DNA-based vaccines, which are currently being evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Pol
- Unité d'Hépatologie, Liver Unit, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris V-René Descartes and Inserm U-567, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saitn Antoine, 75014 Paris, France.
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Manuri PR, Nehete B, Nehete PN, Reisenauer R, Wardell S, Courtney AN, Gambhira R, Lomada D, Chopra AK, Sastry KJ. Intranasal immunization with synthetic peptides corresponding to the E6 and E7 oncoproteins of human papillomavirus type 16 induces systemic and mucosal cellular immune responses and tumor protection. Vaccine 2007; 25:3302-10. [PMID: 17291642 PMCID: PMC2043498 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The E6 and E7 oncoproteins of the high-risk HPV type16 represent ideal targets for HPV vaccine development, they being consistently expressed in cervical cancer lesions. Since HPV-16 is primarily transmitted through genital mucosal route, mucosal immune responses constitute an essential feature for vaccination strategies against HPV-associated lesions. We present here evidence showing that mucosal immunization of mice by the intranasal route with a mixture of peptides E7(44-62) and E6(43-57) from the E7 and E6 oncoproteins of HPV-16, respectively, using a mutant cholera toxin adjuvant (CT-2*), primed strong antigen-specific cellular immune responses in systemic and mucosal tissues. Significant levels of IFN-gamma production by both CD4 and CD8 cells were observed along with CTL responses that were effective against both peptide-pulsed targets as well as syngeneic tumor cells (TC-1) expressing the cognate E6 and E7 proteins. Furthermore, mice immunized with the peptide mixture and CT-2* effectively resisted TC-1 tumor challenge. These results together with our earlier observations that T cell responses to these peptides correlate with recurrence-free survival in women after ablative treatment for HPV-associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, support the potential of these E6 and E7 peptides for inclusion in vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi R. Manuri
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, Bastrop, TX 77030
| | - Bharti Nehete
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, Bastrop, TX 77030
| | - Pramod N. Nehete
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, Bastrop, TX 77030
| | - Rose Reisenauer
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, Bastrop, TX 77030
| | - Seth Wardell
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, Bastrop, TX 77030
| | - Amy N. Courtney
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, Bastrop, TX 77030
| | - Ratish Gambhira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, Bastrop, TX 77030
| | - Dakshyani Lomada
- Department of Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, Bastrop, TX 77030
| | - Ashok K. Chopra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - K. Jagannadha Sastry
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, Bastrop, TX 77030
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, Bastrop, TX 77030
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Jiang L, Qian F, He X, Wang F, Ren D, He Y, Li K, Sun S, Yin C. Novel chitosan derivative nanoparticles enhance the immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine encoding hepatitis B virus core antigen in mice. J Gene Med 2007; 9:253-64. [PMID: 17397104 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitosan has been shown to possess useful properties such as non-toxicity, high biocompatibility and non-antigenicity that offer advantages for vaccine delivery systems. In this study, we prepared novel chitosan derivative nanoparticles as DNA vaccine carriers and the potential and mechanism of the DNA-nanoparticle complexes in inducing augmented immune responses were explored. METHODS The pVAX(HBc)DNA-nanoparticle complexes as vaccine delivery systems were studied in several aspects: the protection against DNase I degradation was measured by an in vitro inhibition assay; the sustained expression of the plasmid in vivo was determined by RT-PCR; the elevated uptake efficiency by phagocytes was observed with confocal microscopy; the biocompatibility was evaluated by cytotoxicity and histology assay; the complexes were administrated to C57BL/6 mice and the humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated by ELISA, IFN-gamma production and cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL)-specific lysis assay. RESULTS The remaining relative activity of DNase I after inhibition varied from 32.3% to 77.6%. The complexes were observed with higher uptake efficiency by phagocytes than naked DNA. Three types of nanoparticles did not induce significant cytotoxicity at concentrations<or=400 microg/ml. No specific histological alteration related to the injection of the complexes was observed. The formulations of DNA-nanoparticle complexes significantly enhanced the immunogenicity in several parameters: elevated antibody production, higher level of IFN-gamma secretion, and augmented specific cell lysis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the potential of the novel chitosan derivative nanoparticles for safe and effective DNA vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, China
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Du X, Zheng G, Jin H, Kang Y, Wang J, Xiao C, Zhang S, Zhao L, Chen A, Wang B. The adjuvant effects of co-stimulatory molecules on cellular and memory responses to HBsAg DNA vaccination. J Gene Med 2007; 9:136-46. [PMID: 17310492 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Because DNA vaccines on their own tend to induce weak immune responses in humans, adjuvant methods are needed in order to improve their efficacy. The co-stimulatory molecules 4-1BBL, OX40L, and CD70 have been shown to induce strong T cell activities; therefore, in this study, we investigated whether they may be used as molecular adjuvants for a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) DNA vaccine (pcDS2) in eliciting strong cellular and memory responses. Compared to mice immunized with pcDS2 alone, addition of the co-stimulatory molecules increased T cell proliferation and an HBsAg-specific antibody response that was marked with a higher ratio of IgG2a/IgG1. Importantly, pcDS2 plus these co-stimulatory molecules elicited a higher level of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in CD4(+) T cells and a higher level of IFN-gamma in CD8(+) T cells. In addition, a significantly robust antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and the production of long-term memory CD8(+) T cells were also observed in the groups immunized with pcDS2 plus 4-1BBL, OX40L, or CD70. Consistently, as late as 100 days after immunization, upregulated expressions of BCL-2, Spi2A, IL-7Ra, and IL-15Ra were still observed in mice immunized with pcDS2 plus these co-stimulatory molecules, suggesting the generation of memory T cells in these groups. Together, these results suggest that the co-stimulatory molecules 4-1BBL, OX40L, or CD70 can enhance the immunogenicity of HBsAg DNA vaccines, resulting in strong humoral, cellular, and memory responses. This approach may lead to an effective therapeutic vaccine for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
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Wang J, Gujar SA, Cova L, Michalak TI. Bicistronic woodchuck hepatitis virus core and gamma interferon DNA vaccine can protect from hepatitis but does not elicit sterilizing antiviral immunity. J Virol 2006; 81:903-16. [PMID: 17079319 PMCID: PMC1797430 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01537-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunity elicited against nucleocapsid of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and closely related woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) has been shown to be important in resolution of hepatitis and protection from infection. Further, activity of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), which may directly inhibit hepadnavirus replication, promotes antiviral defense and favors T helper cell type 1 (Th1) response, which is seemingly a prerequisite of HBV clearance. In this study, to enhance induction of protective immunity against hepadnavirus, healthy woodchucks were immunized with a bicistronic DNA vaccine carrying WHV core (WHc) and woodchuck IFN-gamma (wIFN-gamma) gene sequences. Three groups, each group containing three animals, were injected once or twice with 0.5 mg, 0.9 mg, or 1.5 mg per dose of this vaccine. In addition, four animals received two injections of 0.6 mg or 1 mg WHc DNA alone. All animals were challenged with WHV. The results showed that four of nine animals injected with the bicistronic vaccine and one of four immunized with WHc DNA became protected from serologically evident infection and hepatitis. This protection was not linked to induction of WHc antigen-specific antibodies or T-cell proliferative response and was not associated with enhanced transcription of Th1 cytokines or 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase. Strikingly, all animals protected from hepatitis became reactive for WHV DNA and carried low levels of replicating virus in hepatic and lymphoid tissues after challenge with WHV. This study shows that the bicistronic DNA vaccine encoding both hepadnavirus core antigen and IFN-gamma was more effective in preventing hepatitis than that encoding virus core alone, but neither of them could mount sterile immunity against the virus or prevent establishment of occult infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguo Wang
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research, Division of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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Budker VG, Subbotin VM, Budker T, Sebestyén MG, Zhang G, Wolff JA. Mechanism of plasmid delivery by hydrodynamic tail vein injection. II. Morphological studies. J Gene Med 2006; 8:874-88. [PMID: 16718734 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficient delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) to hepatocytes by a hydrodynamic tail vein (HTV) procedure has greatly popularized the use of naked nucleic acids. The hydrodynamic process renders onto the tissue increased physical forces in terms of increased pressures and shear forces that could lead to transient or permanent membrane damage. It can also trigger a series of cellular events to seal or reorganize the stretched membrane. Our goal was to study the uptake mechanism by following the morphological changes in the liver and correlate these with the fate of the injected plasmid DNA. METHODS We utilized both light microscopic (LM) and electron microscopic (EM) techniques to determine the effect of the HTV procedure on hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells at various times after injection. The LM studies used paraffin-embedded livers with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The immune-EM studies used antibodies labeled with sub-nanometer gold particles followed by silver enhancement to identify the location of injected pDNA at the subcellular level. The level of overall damage to liver cells was estimated based on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) release and clearance. RESULTS Both the LM and EM results showed the appearance of large vesicles in hepatocytes as early as 5 min post-injection. The number of vesicles decreased by 20-60 min. Plasmid DNA molecules often appeared to be associated with or inside such vesicles. DNA could also be detected in the space of Disse, in the cytoplasm and in nuclei. Non-parenchymal cells also contained DNA, but HTV-induced vesicles could not be observed in them. CONCLUSIONS Our studies suggest an alternative or additional pathway for naked DNA into hepatocytes besides direct entry via membrane pores. It may be difficult to prove which of these pathways lead to gene expression, but the membrane pore hypothesis alone appears insufficient to explain why expression happens preferentially in hepatocytes. Further study is needed to delineate the importance of each of these putative pathways and their interrelationship in enabling oligonucleotide (siRNA) activity and pDNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Budker
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Sebestyén MG, Budker VG, Budker T, Subbotin VM, Zhang G, Monahan SD, Lewis DL, Wong SC, Hagstrom JE, Wolff JA. Mechanism of plasmid delivery by hydrodynamic tail vein injection. I. Hepatocyte uptake of various molecules. J Gene Med 2006; 8:852-73. [PMID: 16724360 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hydrodynamic tail vein (HTV) injection of naked plasmid DNA is a simple yet effective in vivo gene delivery method into hepatocytes. It is increasingly being used as a research tool to elucidate mechanisms of gene expression and the role of genes and their cognate proteins in the pathogenesis of disease in animal models. A greater understanding of its mechanism will aid these efforts and has relevance to macromolecular and nucleic acid delivery in general. METHODS In an attempt to explore how naked DNA enters hepatocytes the fate of a variety of molecules and particles was followed over a 24-h time frame using fluorescence microscopy. The uptake of some of these compounds was correlated with marker gene expression from a co-injected plasmid DNA. In addition, the uptake of the injected compounds was correlated with the histologic appearance of hepatocytes. RESULTS Out of the large number of nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, inert polymers and small molecules that we tested, most were efficiently delivered into hepatocytes independently of their size and charge. Even T7 phage and highly charged DNA/protein complexes of 60-100 nm in size were able to enter the cytoplasm. In animals co-injected with an enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) expression vector and fluorescently labeled immunoglobulin (IgG), hepatocytes flooded with large amounts of IgG appeared permanently damaged and did not express EYFP-Nuc. Hepatocytes expressing EYFP had only slight IgG uptake. In contrast, when an EYFP expression vector was co-injected with a fluorescently labeled 200-bp linear DNA fragment, both were mostly (in 91% of the observed cells) co-localized to the same hepatocytes 24 h later. CONCLUSIONS The appearance of permanently damaged cells with increased uptake of some molecules such as endogenous IgG raised the possibility that a molecule could be present in a hepatocyte but its transport would not be indicative of the transport process that can lead to foreign gene expression. The HTV procedure enables the uptake of a variety of molecules (as previous studies also found), but the uptake process for some of these molecules may be associated with a more disruptive process to the hepatocytes that is not compatible with successful gene delivery.
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Sin JI, Hong SH, Park YJ, Park JB, Choi YS, Kim MS. Antitumor therapeutic effects of e7 subunit and DNA vaccines in an animal cervical cancer model: antitumor efficacy of e7 therapeutic vaccines is dependent on tumor sizes, vaccine doses, and vaccine delivery routes. DNA Cell Biol 2006; 25:277-86. [PMID: 16716117 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2006.25.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that E7 subunit and DNA vaccines are both capable of inducing antitumor protection through induction of antigen-specific CTL. In this study, we investigated their ability to control established tumors according to tumor size, vaccine doses, and vaccine delivery routes. Antitumor therapeutic efficacy of both vaccine types was dependent on tumor burden. However, E7 subunit vaccines induced a higher level of antitumor therapeutic activities at the tested dose compared to DNA vaccines. This was concomitant with induction of antibody, CTL, and IFN-gamma responses, as well as histologic changes (heavy infiltration of lymphocytes and presence of apoptotic bodies). In vaccine dose titration assays, 50 and 100 microg of DNA vaccines exhibited an equivalent antitumor efficacy to 0.5 and 1 microg of E7 subunit vaccines, respectively, i.e., a 100-fold difference in E7 dosage, suggesting the importance of vaccine doses for achieving antitumor immunity. Furthermore, tumors of a larger size were controlled by intratumoral injection with E7 subunit vaccines, underscoring the importance of vaccine delivery routes for antitumor therapeutic efficacy. Thus, these data suggest that antitumor therapeutic efficacy of E7 therapeutic vaccines is determined by vaccine doses, vaccine delivery routes, and tumor sizes, and that these vaccines could be another addition to conventional therapy modalities against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Im Sin
- Department of Microbiology, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea.
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Shen W, Li Y, Huard J. Musculoskeletal gene therapy and its potential use in the treatment of complicated musculoskeletal infection. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2006; 19:1007-22. [PMID: 16297745 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2005.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tissue repair is a major issue in orthopedics. Many musculoskeletal tissues, including cartilage, meniscus, and the anterior cruciate ligament, heal poorly after injury. Recent studies have led to the identification of numerous growth factors and other gene products that can promote the regeneration of damaged musculoskeletal tissues. In the last century, the discovery and evolving use of antibiotics has significantly decreased the prevalence and severity of infectious diseases. In many orthopedic scenarios, however, treatment of infections can be difficult, and often involves a prolonged course of antibiotics with concomitant surgical interventions and loss of tissue. Although studies have demonstrated the successful transfer of target genes and the associated manipulation of the musculoskeletal tissue environment, researchers have made few attempts designed to use gene therapy to treat infectious musculoskeletal diseases in animal models. Before it is possible to use gene-based approaches to treat such diseases effectively, researchers must perform more studies to investigate the potential problems that may arise when using gene therapy in an infectious environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Growth and Development Laboratory of Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4100 Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2583, USA
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Payette PJ, Ma X, Weeratna RD, McCluskie MJ, Shapiro M, Engle RE, Davis HL, Purcell RH. Testing of CpG-optimized protein and DNA vaccines against the hepatitis B virus in chimpanzees for immunogenicity and protection from challenge. Intervirology 2006; 49:144-51. [PMID: 16428890 DOI: 10.1159/000089375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence for some time of effective prophylactic vaccines, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains an important global concern. Improvements on existing vaccines could be beneficial, especially in situations where it is desirable or necessary to induce protective immunity more rapidly or with fewer doses. We have compared, in chimpanzees, a current HBV vaccine that contains recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen HBsAg) adsorbed to alum, with two novel vaccine strategies that have proven superior to the current vaccine in mice. The first approach was the use of oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG ODN) as an adjuvant to Engerix-B, a commercial HBV vaccine. The addition of CpG ODN to Engerix-B greatly improved the kinetics and magnitude of the humoral response, suggesting that CpG ODN might allow induction of protective immunity in humans more quickly and with fewer vaccine doses. All animals receiving either control or CpG-containing subunit vaccines at 0 and 4 weeks attained titers of HBsAg-specific antibody (anti-HBs) considered protective (> or =10 mIU/ml) and were indeed protected from challenge at 8 weeks with 10(3.5) 50% chimp infectious doses (CID(50)) of intravenous HBV. The second approach was a DNA vaccine with a plasmid vector optimized for content of immunostimulatory CpG motifs. Despite the fact that earlier studies had shown four doses of a similar DNA vaccine (except not optimized for CpG content) to induce strong humoral responses in 1 of 2 chimpanzees, in this study two doses of DNA vaccine (at 0 and 4 weeks) did not generate any detectable anti-HBs in either of 2 chimpanzees, although it did protect 1 that rapidly developed anti-HBs during the incubation period, suggesting priming of an antibody response. The poor results may be due to an inadequate number of doses or amount of plasmid DNA in these larger animals, but nevertheless point to the need to improve delivery methods for DNA vaccines for use in larger animals such as primates.
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