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Guan X, Hu R, Choi Y, Srivats S, Nabet BY, Silva J, McGinnis L, Hendricks R, Nutsch K, Banta KL, Duong E, Dunkle A, Chang PS, Han CJ, Mittman S, Molden N, Daggumati P, Connolly W, Johnson M, Abreu DR, Cho BC, Italiano A, Gil-Bazo I, Felip E, Mellman I, Mariathasan S, Shames DS, Meng R, Chiang EY, Johnston RJ, Patil NS. Anti-TIGIT antibody improves PD-L1 blockade through myeloid and T reg cells. Nature 2024; 627:646-655. [PMID: 38418879 PMCID: PMC11139643 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Tiragolumab, an anti-TIGIT antibody with an active IgG1κ Fc, demonstrated improved outcomes in the phase 2 CITYSCAPE trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03563716 ) when combined with atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) versus atezolizumab alone1. However, there remains little consensus on the mechanism(s) of response with this combination2. Here we find that a high baseline of intratumoural macrophages and regulatory T cells is associated with better outcomes in patients treated with atezolizumab plus tiragolumab but not with atezolizumab alone. Serum sample analysis revealed that macrophage activation is associated with a clinical benefit in patients who received the combination treatment. In mouse tumour models, tiragolumab surrogate antibodies inflamed tumour-associated macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells through Fcγ receptors (FcγR), in turn driving anti-tumour CD8+ T cells from an exhausted effector-like state to a more memory-like state. These results reveal a mechanism of action through which TIGIT checkpoint inhibitors can remodel immunosuppressive tumour microenvironments, and suggest that FcγR engagement is an important consideration in anti-TIGIT antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruozhen Hu
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yoonha Choi
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - John Silva
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ellen Duong
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Melissa Johnson
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Yonsei Cancer Centre, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Institut Bergonie CLCC Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ignacio Gil-Bazo
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, CIMA Universidad de Navarra Pamplona, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Felip
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ira Mellman
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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2
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Taniura T, Ishitobi K, Hidaka M, Harada M. Modulatory effects of supplementation of Lentinula edodes mycelia extract and l-arginine on the therapeutic efficacy of immunogenic chemotherapy in colon cancer-bearing mice. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:15-22. [PMID: 37964433 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Some chemotherapeutic drugs can induce cancer cell death and enhance antitumor T-cell immunity in cancer-bearing hosts. Immunomodulatory reagents could augment such chemotherapy-induced effects. We previously reported that oral digestion of Lentinula edodes mycelia (L.E.M.) extract or l-arginine supplementation can augment antitumor T-cell responses in cancer-bearing mice. In this study, the effects of L.E.M. extract with or without l-arginine on the therapeutic efficacy of immunogenic chemotherapy by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/oxaliplatin (L-OHP) and/or cyclophosphamide (CP) are examined using two mouse colon cancer models. In MC38 and CT26 cancer models, therapy with 5-FU/L-OHP/CP significantly suppressed tumor growth, and supplementation with L.E.M. extract halved the tumor volumes. However, the modulatory effect of L.E.M. extract was not significant. In the CT26 cancer model, supplementation with L.E.M. extract and l-arginine had no clear effect on tumor growth. In contrast, their addition to chemotherapy halved the tumor volumes, although the effect was not significant. There was no difference in the cytotoxicity of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells generated from CT26-cured mice treated by chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy combined with L.E.M. extract/ l-arginine. These results indicate that the antitumor effects of immunogenic chemotherapy were too strong to ascertain the effects of supplementation of L.E.M. extract and l-arginine, but these reagents nonetheless have immunomodulatory effects on the therapeutic efficacy of immunogenic chemotherapy in colon cancer-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Taniura
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ishitobi
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hidaka
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Mamoru Harada
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
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3
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Smith AJ, Thurman RE, Zeng W, Grogan B, Lucas S, Gutierrez G, Heiser RA, Wo SW, Blackmarr A, Peterson S, Gardai SJ. Nonfucosylation of an anti-TIGIT antibody enhances FcγR engagement, driving innate immune activation and antitumor activity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1280986. [PMID: 38022590 PMCID: PMC10654636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1280986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TIGIT is an immune checkpoint receptor expressed on activated and memory T cells, immunosuppressive T regulatory cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. TIGIT has emerged as an attractive target for antitumor therapies, due to its proposed immunosuppressive effects on lymphocyte function and T cell activation. We generated an anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds with high affinity to human, non-human primate, and murine TIGIT and through multiple experimental methodologies demonstrated that checkpoint blockade alone is insufficient for antitumor activity. Generating anti-TIGIT mAbs with various Fc backbones we show that muting the Fc-Fcγ receptor (FcγR) interaction failed to drive antitumor activity, while mAbs with Fc functional backbones demonstrate substantial antitumor activity, mediated through activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), T cell priming, and NK-mediated depletion of suppressive Tregs and exhausted T cells. Further, nonfucosylation of the Fc backbone resulted in enhanced immune responses and antitumor activity relative to the intact IgG1 backbone. The improved activity correlated with the biased FcγR interaction profile of the nonfucosylated anti-TIGIT mAb, which supports that FcγRIIIa binding with decreased FcγRIIb binding favorably activates APCs and enhances tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses. The anti-TIGIT mAbs with intact FcγR interacting backbones also demonstrated synergistic enhancement of other standard antitumor treatments, including anti-PD-1 treatment and a model monomethyl auristatin E antibody-drug conjugate. These findings highlight the importance of the anti-TIGIT mAb's Fc backbone to its antitumor activity and the extent to which this activity can be enhanced through nonfucosylation of the backbone.
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Sitnikova SI, Walker JA, Prickett LB, Morrow M, Valge-Archer VE, Robinson MJ, Wilkinson RW, Dovedi SJ. Age-induced changes in anti-tumor immunity alter the tumor immune infiltrate and impact response to immuno-oncology treatments. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1258291. [PMID: 37920465 PMCID: PMC10618668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1258291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immuno-oncology (IO) research relies heavily on murine syngeneic tumor models. However, whilst the average age for a cancer diagnosis is 60 years or older, for practical purposes the majority of preclinical studies are conducted in young mice, despite the fact that ageing has been shown to have a significant impact on the immune response. Methods Using aged (60-72 weeks old) mice bearing CT26 tumors, we investigated the impact of ageing on tumor growth as well as the immune composition of the tumor and peripheral lymphoid organs. Results We found many differences in the immune cell composition of both the tumor and tumor-draining lymph node between aged and young mice, such as a reduction in the naïve T cell population and a decreased intratumoral CD8/Treg ratio in aged animals. We hypothesized that these differences may contribute to impaired anti-cancer immune responses in aged mice and therefore assessed the anti-tumor efficacy of different IO therapies in aged mice, including both co-stimulation (using an anti-OX40 antibody) and immune checkpoint blockade (using anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies). Whilst aged mice retained the capacity to generate anti-tumor immune responses, these were significantly attenuated when compared to the responses observed in young mice. Discussion These differences highlight the importance of age-related immunological changes in assessing and refining the translational insights gained from preclinical mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura B. Prickett
- Early Oncology Bioscience, Research & Development (R&D), AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Michelle Morrow
- Early Oncology Discovery, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Simon J. Dovedi
- Early Oncology Discovery, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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5
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Lei J, Zhou Z, Fang J, Sun Z, He M, He B, Chen Q, Paek C, Chen P, Zhou J, Wang H, Tang M, Yin L, Chen Y. Aspirin induces immunogenic cell death and enhances cancer immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110350. [PMID: 37290325 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of aspirin is associated with reduced incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we reported that colon cancer cells treated with aspirin showed the hallmarks of immunogenic cell death (ICD), including surface expression of calreticulin (CRT) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Mechanistically, aspirin induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in colon cancer cells. In addition, aspirin decreased the expression of the glucose transporters, GLUT3, and reduced the key enzyme of glycolysis, including HK2, PFKM, PKM2 and LDHA. The changes of tumor glycolysis after aspirin treatment were associated with c-MYC downregulation. Moreover, aspirin potentiated the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody and anti-CTLA-4 antibody in CT26 tumors. However, this antitumor activity of aspirin in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody was abolished by the depletion of CD8+ T cells. Vaccination with tumor antigens is one of the strategies for activating T-cell response against tumors. Here, we demonstrated that aspirin-treated tumor cells in combination with tumor antigens (AH1 peptide) or protective substituted peptide (A5 peptide) could be served as a potent vaccine to eradicate tumors. Overall, our data indicated that aspirin can be used as an inducer of ICD for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Zihao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Jialing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Zaiqiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Mengting He
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Boxiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Chonil Paek
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Hongjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Lei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China.
| | - Yongshun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China.
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6
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LaPorte KM, Hernandez R, Santos Savio A, Malek TR. Robust IL-2-dependent antitumor immunotherapy requires targeting the high-affinity IL-2R on tumor-specific CD8 + T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006611. [PMID: 37270181 PMCID: PMC10255137 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of interleukin (IL)-2-dependent antitumor responses focus on targeting the intermediate affinity IL-2R to stimulate memory-phenotypic CD8+ T and natural killer (NK) cells while minimizing regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion. However, this approach may not effectively engage tumor-specific T effector cells. Since tumor-antigen specific T cells upregulate the high-affinity IL-2R, we tested an IL-2 biologic, mouse IL-2/CD25, with selectivity toward the high-affinity IL-2R to support antitumor responses to tumors that vary in their immunogenicity. METHODS Mice were first implanted with either CT26, MC38, B16.F10, or 4T1 and after a tumor mass developed, they were treated with high-dose (HD) mouse (m)IL-2/CD25 alone or in combination with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) checkpoint blockade. Tumor growth was monitored and in parallel the immune signature in the tumor microenvironment (TME) was determined by a combination of multiparameter flow cytometry, functional assays, and enumeration of tumor-reactive T cells. RESULTS We show that HD mIL-2/CD25, which preferentially stimulates the high-affinity IL-2R, but not IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes with preferential activity toward the intermediate-affinity IL-2R, supports vigorous antitumor responses to immunogenic tumors as a monotherapy that were enhanced when combined with anti-PD-1. Treatment of CT26-bearing mice with HD mIL-2/CD25 led to a high CD8+:Treg ratio in the TME, increased frequency and function of tumor-specific CD8+ T effector cells with a less exhausted phenotype, and antitumor memory responses. CONCLUSIONS Targeting the high-affinity IL-2R on tumor-specific T cells with HD mIL-2/CD25 alone or with PD-1 blockade supports antitumor responses, where the resulting memory response may afford long-term protection against tumor re-emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M LaPorte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rosmely Hernandez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alicia Santos Savio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas R Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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7
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Abstract
Our defenses against infection rely on the ability of the immune system to distinguish invading pathogens from self. This task is exceptionally challenging, if not seemingly impossible, in the case of retroviruses that have integrated almost seamlessly into the host. This review examines the limits of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by endogenous retroviruses and other retroelements, the targets of immune recognition, and the consequences for host health and disease. Contrary to theoretical expectation, endogenous retroelements retain substantial immunogenicity, which manifests most profoundly when their epigenetic repression is compromised, contributing to autoinflammatory and autoimmune disease and age-related inflammation. Nevertheless, recent evidence suggests that regulated immune reactivity to endogenous retroelements is integral to immune system development and function, underpinning cancer immunosurveillance, resistance to infection, and responses to the microbiota. Elucidation of the interaction points with endogenous retroelements will therefore deepen our understanding of immune system function and contribution to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom;
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Lhuillier C, Van Nest SJ, Rudqvist NP, Demaria S. Pipeline to identify neoantigens exposed by radiation. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 180:25-37. [PMID: 37890930 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Mutation-associated neoantigens are key targets of tumor-specific T cells and thus play a major role in driving responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy in tumors with high mutational burden. However, only a small number of mutated peptides are actually presented by MHC molecules and only a minority can induce T cell responses. In addition, the recognition of these neoantigens by T cells is limited by the level of expression of the mutated gene product in the tumor cells. Preclinical studies have shown that radiation can convert the irradiated tumor into an in situ vaccine, leading to the priming of tumor-specific T cells and to the rejection of otherwise ICB-resistant tumors. There is now preclinical and clinical evidence that radiation can upregulate the expression of genes containing immunogenic mutations and expose them to the immune system. Therefore, the identification of neoantigens upregulated by radiation could help to predict which patients might benefit from treatment with combinations of radiotherapy and ICB and could also be incorporated into personalized neoantigen vaccination strategies. In this chapter, we present the pipeline that we used to identify relevant radiation-upregulated neoantigens in a poorly immunogenic mouse model of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lhuillier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Samantha J Van Nest
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nils-Petter Rudqvist
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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9
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Daradoumis J, Ragonnaud E, Skandorff I, Nielsen KN, Bermejo AV, Andersson AM, Schroedel S, Thirion C, Neukirch L, Holst PJ. An Endogenous Retrovirus Vaccine Encoding an Envelope with a Mutated Immunosuppressive Domain in Combination with Anti-PD1 Treatment Eradicates Established Tumours in Mice. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040926. [PMID: 37112906 PMCID: PMC10141008 DOI: 10.3390/v15040926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) account for 8% of our genome, and, although they are usually silent in healthy tissues, they become reactivated and expressed in pathological conditions such as cancer. Several studies support a functional role of ERVs in tumour development and progression, specifically through their envelope (Env) protein, which contains a region described as an immunosuppressive domain (ISD). We have previously shown that targeting of the murine ERV (MelARV) Env using virus-like vaccine (VLV) technology, consisting of an adenoviral vector encoding virus-like particles (VLPs), induces protection against small tumours in mice. Here, we investigate the potency and efficacy of a novel MelARV VLV with a mutated ISD (ISDmut) that can modify the properties of the adenoviral vaccine-encoded Env protein. We show that the modification of the vaccine's ISD significantly enhanced T-cell immunogenicity in both prime and prime-boost vaccination regimens. The modified VLV in combination with an α-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) exhibited excellent curative efficacy against large established colorectal CT26 tumours in mice. Furthermore, only ISDmut-vaccinated mice that survived CT26 challenge were additionally protected against rechallenge with a triple-negative breast cancer cell line (4T1), showing that our modified VLV provides cross-protection against different tumour types expressing ERV-derived antigens. We envision that translating these findings and technology into human ERVs (HERVs) could provide new treatment opportunities for cancer patients with unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Daradoumis
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- InProTher, Bioinnovation Institute, COBIS, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emeline Ragonnaud
- InProTher, Bioinnovation Institute, COBIS, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Isabella Skandorff
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- InProTher, Bioinnovation Institute, COBIS, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Amaia Vergara Bermejo
- InProTher, Bioinnovation Institute, COBIS, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Andersson
- InProTher, Bioinnovation Institute, COBIS, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lasse Neukirch
- InProTher, Bioinnovation Institute, COBIS, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Johannes Holst
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- InProTher, Bioinnovation Institute, COBIS, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Sun C, Nagaoka K, Kobayashi Y, Maejima K, Nakagawa H, Nakajima J, Kakimi K. Immunotherapies targeting neoantigens are effective in PD-1 blockade-resistant tumors. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1463-1475. [PMID: 36451303 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Only a small fraction of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes can specifically recognize and attack cancer cells in PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy. Here, we investigate approaches to expand the neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells to overcome the difficulties in treating PD-1/PD-L1 blockade-resistant tumors. Mutation-associated neoepitopes of murine nonsmall cell lung cancer ASB-XIV were estimated by whole-exome and RNA sequencing and predicted by MHC-I binding affinity (FPKM >1) in silico. Using ASB-XIV-specific CD8+ T cells, we screened a panel of 257 neoepitope peptides derived from ASB-XIV missense and indel mutations. Mutated Phf3 peptide (mPhf3) was successfully identified as an immunogenic neoepitope. Prophylactic mPhf3-DC vaccination inhibited ASB-XIV tumor growth through CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Combining the mPhf3-DC vaccine and anti-PD-1 treatment elicited robust antitumor activity through the induction of mPhf3-specific CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of mPhf3-specific CD8+ T cells eradicated ASB-XIV tumors. Likewise, the combination of mutated Cdt1 peptide (mCdt1)-DC vaccine and anti-PD-1 treatment or adoptive transfer of mCdt1-specific CD8+ T cells also led to significant regression of PD-1 blockade-resistant murine gastric YTN16 tumors. In conclusion, a novel immunogenic neoepitope of ASB-XIV was identified for immunotherapy targeting neoantigens. Identification of immunogenic neoantigens can extend the therapeutic strategies by increasing the frequency of neoantigen-specific T cells, even for PD-1/PD-L1 blockade-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbo Sun
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Koji Nagaoka
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Kobayashi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Maejima
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Vendetti FP, Pandya P, Clump DA, Schamus-Haynes S, Tavakoli M, diMayorca M, Islam NM, Chang J, Delgoffe GM, Beumer JH, Bakkenist CJ. The schedule of ATR inhibitor AZD6738 can potentiate or abolish antitumor immune responses to radiotherapy. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e165615. [PMID: 36810257 PMCID: PMC9977511 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the DNA damage signaling kinase ATR increase tumor cell killing by chemotherapies that target DNA replication forks but also kill rapidly proliferating immune cells including activated T cells. Nevertheless, ATR inhibitor (ATRi) and radiotherapy (RT) can be combined to generate CD8+ T cell-dependent antitumor responses in mouse models. To determine the optimal schedule of ATRi and RT, we determined the impact of short-course versus prolonged daily treatment with AZD6738 (ATRi) on responses to RT (days 1-2). Short-course ATRi (days 1-3) plus RT caused expansion of tumor antigen-specific, effector CD8+ T cells in the tumor-draining lymph node (DLN) at 1 week after RT. This was preceded by acute decreases in proliferating tumor-infiltrating and peripheral T cells and a rapid proliferative rebound after ATRi cessation, increased inflammatory signaling (IFN-β, chemokines, particularly CXCL10) in tumors, and an accumulation of inflammatory cells in the DLN. In contrast, prolonged ATRi (days 1-9) prevented the expansion of tumor antigen-specific, effector CD8+ T cells in the DLN, and entirely abolished the therapeutic benefit of short-course ATRi with RT and anti-PD-L1. Our data argue that ATRi cessation is essential to allow CD8+ T cell responses to both RT and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank P. Vendetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pinakin Pandya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A. Clump
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sandra Schamus-Haynes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meysam Tavakoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maria diMayorca
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Naveed M. Islam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jina Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Greg M. Delgoffe
- Department of Immunology and
- Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jan H. Beumer
- Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Christopher J. Bakkenist
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Liu Y, Pagacz J, Wolfgeher DJ, Bromerg KD, Gorman JV, Kron SJ. Senescent cancer cell vaccines induce cytotoxic T cell responses targeting primary tumors and disseminated tumor cells. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e005862. [PMID: 36792123 PMCID: PMC9933761 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune tolerance contributes to resistance to conventional cancer therapies such as radiation. Radiotherapy induces immunogenic cell death, releasing a burst of tumor antigens, but this appears insufficient to stimulate an effective antitumor immune response. Radiation also increases infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), but their effector function is short lived. Although CTL exhaustion may be at fault, combining immune checkpoint blockade with radiation is insufficient to restore CTL function in most patients. An alternative model is that antigen presentation is the limiting factor, suggesting a defect in dendritic cell (DC) function. METHODS Building on our prior work showing that cancer cells treated with radiation in the presence of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 inhibitor veliparib undergo immunogenic senescence, we reexamined senescent cells (SnCs) as preventative or therapeutic cancer vaccines. SnCs formed in vitro were cocultured with splenocytes and evaluated by scRNA-seq to examine immunogenicity. Immature bone-marrow-derived DCs cocultured with SnCs were examined for maturation and activation by flow cytometry and T cell proliferation assays. Viable SnCs or SnC-activated DCs were injected subcutaneously, and vaccine effects were evaluated by analysis of immune response, prevention of tumor engraftment, regression of established tumors and/or potentiation of immunotherapy or radiotherapy. RESULTS Murine CT26 colon carcinoma or 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells treated with radiation and veliparib form SnCs that promote DC maturation and activation in vitro, leading to efficient, STING-dependent CTL priming. Injecting mice with SnCs induces antigen-specific CTLs and confers protection from tumor engraftment. Injecting immunogenic SnCs into tumor-bearing mice increases inflammation with activated CTLs, suppresses tumor growth, potentiates checkpoint blockade, enhances radiotherapy and blocks colonization by disseminated tumor cells. Addressing the concern that reinjecting tumor cells into patients may be impractical, DCs activated with SnCs in vitro were similarly effective to SnCs in suppressing established tumors and blocking metastases. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic vaccines based on senescent tumor cells and/or SnC-activated DCs have the potential to improve genotoxic and immune therapies and limit recurrence or metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology and Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joanna Pagacz
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology and Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Donald J Wolfgeher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology and Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Jacob V Gorman
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology and Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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13
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Schaafsma E, Croteau W, Mohamed E, Nowak EC, Smits NC, Deng J, Sarde A, Webber CA, Rabadi D, Cheng C, Noelle R, Lines JL. VISTA Targeting of T-cell Quiescence and Myeloid Suppression Overcomes Adaptive Resistance. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:38-55. [PMID: 36260656 PMCID: PMC10544831 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
V domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a premier target for cancer treatment due to its broad expression in many cancer types and enhanced expression upon development of adaptive immune checkpoint resistance. In the CT26 colorectal cancer model, monotherapy of small tumors with anti-VISTA resulted in slowed tumor growth. In a combination therapy setting, large CT26 tumors showed complete adaptive resistance to anti-PD-1/CTLA-4, but inclusion of anti-VISTA led to rejection of half the tumors. Mechanisms of enhanced antitumor immunity were investigated using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), multiplex image analysis, and flow cytometry of the tumor immune infiltrate. In both treatment models, anti-VISTA upregulated stimulated antigen presentation pathways and reduced myeloid-mediated suppression. Imaging revealed an anti-VISTA stimulated increase in contacts between T cells and myeloid cells, further supporting the notion of increased antigen presentation. scRNA-seq of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells revealed that anti-VISTA therapy induced T-cell pathways highly distinct from and complementary to those induced by anti-PD-1 therapy. Whereas anti-CTLA-4/PD-1 expanded progenitor exhausted CD8+ T-cell subsets, anti-VISTA promoted costimulatory genes and reduced regulators of T-cell quiescence. Notably, this is the first report of a checkpoint regulator impacting CD8+ T-cell quiescence, and the first indication that quiescence may be a target in the context of T-cell exhaustion and in cancer. This study builds a foundation for all future studies on the role of anti-VISTA in the development of antitumor immunity and provides important mechanistic insights that strongly support use of anti-VISTA to overcome the adaptive resistance seen in contemporary treatments involving PD-1 and/or CTLA-4. See related Spotlight by Wei, p. 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Schaafsma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Walburga Croteau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - ElTanbouly Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Nowak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Nicole C. Smits
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Jie Deng
- University of California, Los Angeles. Department of Radiation Oncology
| | - Aurelien Sarde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | | | - Dina Rabadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Randolph Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - J. Louise Lines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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14
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Son S, Nam J, Kim AS, Ahn J, Park KS, Phoo MT, Sherren B, Zou W, Lee SH, Farokhzad OC, Shi J, Moon JJ. Induction of T-helper-17-cell-mediated anti-tumour immunity by pathogen-mimicking polymer nanoparticles. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:72-84. [PMID: 36564626 PMCID: PMC9877201 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effectivity of cancer immunotherapies is hindered by immunosuppressive tumour microenvironments that are poorly infiltrated by effector T cells and natural killer cells. In infection and autoimmune disease, the recruitment and activation of effector immune cells is coordinated by pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (TH17) cells. Here we show that pathogen-mimicking hollow nanoparticles displaying mannan (a polysaccharide that activates TH17 cells in microbial cell walls) limit the fraction of regulatory T cells and induce TH17-cell-mediated anti-tumour responses. The nanoparticles activate the pattern-recognition receptor Dectin-2 and Toll-like receptor 4 in dendritic cells, and promote the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into the TH17 phenotype. In mice, intra-tumoural administration of the nanoparticles decreased the fraction of regulatory T cells in the tumour while markedly increasing the fractions of TH17 cells (and the levels of TH17-cell-associated cytokines), CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells and M1-like macrophages. The anti-tumoural activity of the effector cells was amplified by an agonistic antibody against the co-stimulatory receptor OX40 in multiple mouse models. Nanomaterials that induce TH17-cell-mediated immune responses may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejin Son
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University/Industry-Academia Interactive R&E Center for Bioprocess Innovation, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jutaek Nam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - April S Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jinsung Ahn
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Park
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - May Thazin Phoo
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brett Sherren
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Omid C Farokhzad
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Seer, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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15
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Ishitobi K, Kotani H, Iida Y, Taniura T, Notsu Y, Tajima Y, Harada M. A modulatory effect of L-arginine supplementation on anticancer effects of chemoimmunotherapy in colon cancer-bearing aged mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Zeng Q, Saghafinia S, Chryplewicz A, Fournier N, Christe L, Xie YQ, Guillot J, Yucel S, Li P, Galván JA, Karamitopoulou E, Zlobec I, Ataca D, Gallean F, Zhang P, Rodriguez-Calero JA, Rubin M, Tichet M, Homicsko K, Hanahan D. Aberrant hyperexpression of the RNA binding protein FMRP in tumors mediates immune evasion. Science 2022; 378:eabl7207. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abl7207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many human cancers manifest the capability to circumvent attack by the adaptive immune system. In this work, we identified a component of immune evasion that involves frequent up-regulation of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) in solid tumors. FMRP represses immune attack, as revealed by cancer cells engineered to lack its expression. FMRP-deficient tumors were infiltrated by activated T cells that impaired tumor growth and enhanced survival in mice. Mechanistically, FMRP’s immunosuppression was multifactorial, involving repression of the chemoattractant C-C motif chemokine ligand 7 (CCL7) concomitant with up-regulation of three immunomodulators—interleukin-33 (IL-33), tumor-secreted protein S (PROS1), and extracellular vesicles. Gene signatures associate FMRP’s cancer network with poor prognosis and response to therapy in cancer patients. Collectively, FMRP is implicated as a regulator that orchestrates a multifaceted barrier to antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqun Zeng
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Opna Bio SA, Biopole, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sadegh Saghafinia
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Opna Bio SA, Biopole, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Chryplewicz
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Fournier
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucine Christe
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Qing Xie
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Guillot
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simge Yucel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pumin Li
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - José A. Galván
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dalya Ataca
- Opna Bio SA, Biopole, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Peng Zhang
- Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | | | - Mark Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Tichet
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Krisztian Homicsko
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Douglas Hanahan
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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John J, Woolaver RA, Popolizio V, Chen SMY, Ge H, Krinsky AL, Vashisht M, Kramer Y, Chen Z, Wang JH. Divergent outcomes of anti-PD-L1 treatment coupled with host-intrinsic differences in TCR repertoire and distinct T cell activation states in responding versus non-responding tumors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:992630. [PMID: 36330507 PMCID: PMC9624473 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.992630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) may be attributed to tumor-intrinsic factors or environmental cues; however, these mechanisms cannot fully explain the variable ICI responses in different individuals. Here, we investigate the potential contribution of immunological heterogeneity with a focus on differences in T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire to ICI responses, which has not been defined previously. To reveal additional factors underlying heterogeneous responses to ICI, we employed a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) mouse model in which tumor-bearing recipients unambiguously diverged into responders (R) or non-responders (NR) upon anti-PD-L1 treatment. Treatment efficacy absolutely required CD8 T-cells and correlated positively with effector functions of CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). We showed that TCR repertoires exhibited a similar magnitude of clonal expansion in R vs. NR CD8 TILs. However, the top expanded TCR clonotypes appeared to be mutually exclusive between R and NR CD8 TILs, which also occurred in a recipient-specific manner, demonstrating preferential expansion of distinct TCR clonotypes against the same SCC tumor. Unexpectedly, R vs. NR CD8 TILs reached all activation clusters and did not exhibit substantial global differences in transcriptomes. By linking single-cell transcriptomic data with unique TCR clonotypes, CD8 TILs harboring top TCR clonotypes were found to occupy distinct activation clusters and upregulate genes favoring anti-tumor immunity to different extents in R vs. NR. We conclude that stochastic differences in CD8 TIL TCR repertoire and distinct activation states of top TCR clonotypes may contribute to differential anti-PD-L1 responses. Our study suggests that host-intrinsic immunological heterogeneity may offer a new explanation for differential ICI responses in different individuals, which could impact on strategies for personalized cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy John
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rachel A. Woolaver
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Vince Popolizio
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Samantha M. Y. Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Huaibin Ge
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Alexandra L. Krinsky
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Monika Vashisht
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yonatan Kramer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Zhangguo Chen
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jing H. Wang
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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18
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Boumelha J, de Carné Trécesson S, Law EK, Romero-Clavijo P, Coelho MA, Ng K, Mugarza E, Moore C, Rana S, Caswell DR, Murillo M, Hancock DC, Argyris PP, Brown WL, Durfee C, Larson LK, Vogel RI, Suárez-Bonnet A, Priestnall SL, East P, Ross SJ, Kassiotis G, Molina-Arcas M, Swanton C, Harris R, Downward J. An Immunogenic Model of KRAS-Mutant Lung Cancer Enables Evaluation of Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy Combinations. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3435-3448. [PMID: 35930804 PMCID: PMC7613674 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in oncogenes such as KRAS and EGFR cause a high proportion of lung cancers. Drugs targeting these proteins cause tumor regression but ultimately fail to elicit cures. As a result, there is an intense interest in how to best combine targeted therapies with other treatments, such as immunotherapies. However, preclinical systems for studying the interaction of lung tumors with the host immune system are inadequate, in part due to the low tumor mutational burden in genetically engineered mouse models. Here we set out to develop mouse models of mutant KRAS-driven lung cancer with an elevated tumor mutational burden by expressing the human DNA cytosine deaminase, APOBEC3B, to mimic the mutational signature seen in human lung cancer. This failed to substantially increase clonal tumor mutational burden and autochthonous tumors remained refractory to immunotherapy. However, establishing clonal cell lines from these tumors enabled the generation of an immunogenic syngeneic transplantation model of KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma that was sensitive to immunotherapy. Unexpectedly, antitumor immune responses were not directed against neoantigens but instead targeted derepressed endogenous retroviral antigens. The ability of KRASG12C inhibitors to cause regression of KRASG12C -expressing tumors was markedly potentiated by the adaptive immune system, highlighting the importance of using immunocompetent models for evaluating targeted therapies. Overall, this model provides a unique opportunity for the study of combinations of targeted and immunotherapies in immune-hot lung cancer. SIGNIFICANCE This study develops a mouse model of immunogenic KRAS-mutant lung cancer to facilitate the investigation of optimal combinations of targeted therapies with immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily K. Law
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | | | | | - Kevin Ng
- Retroviral Immunology Laboratory
| | | | | | - Sareena Rana
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory
- Lung Cancer Group, Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | | | - Miguel Murillo
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory
- Lung Cancer Group, Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | | | - Prokopios P. Argyris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - William L. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Cameron Durfee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lindsay K. Larson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Rachel I. Vogel
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- Experimental Histopathology, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Experimental Histopathology, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Reuben Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory
- Lung Cancer Group, Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
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19
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Tomasi M, Caproni E, Benedet M, Zanella I, Giorgetta S, Dalsass M, König E, Gagliardi A, Fantappiè L, Berti A, Tamburini S, Croia L, Di Lascio G, Bellini E, Valensin S, Licata G, Sebastiani G, Dotta F, Armanini F, Cumbo F, Asnicar F, Blanco-Míguez A, Ruggiero E, Segata N, Grandi G, Grandi A. Outer Membrane Vesicles From The Gut Microbiome Contribute to Tumor Immunity by Eliciting Cross-Reactive T Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:912639. [PMID: 35847919 PMCID: PMC9281500 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.912639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports the notion that the gut microbiome plays an important role in cancer immunity. However, the underpinning mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. One attractive hypothesis envisages that among the T cells elicited by the plethora of microbiome proteins a few exist that incidentally recognize neo-epitopes arising from cancer mutations (“molecular mimicry (MM)” hypothesis). To support MM, the human probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle was engineered with the SIINFEKL epitope (OVA-E.coli Nissle) and orally administered to C57BL/6 mice. The treatment with OVA-E.coli Nissle, but not with wild type E. coli Nissle, induced OVA-specific CD8+ T cells and inhibited the growth of tumors in mice challenged with B16F10 melanoma cells expressing OVA. The microbiome shotgun sequencing and the sequencing of TCRs from T cells recovered from both lamina propria and tumors provide evidence that the main mechanism of tumor inhibition is mediated by the elicitation at the intestinal site of cross-reacting T cells, which subsequently reach the tumor environment. Importantly, the administration of Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) from engineered E. coli Nissle, as well as from E. coli BL21(DE3)ΔompA, carrying cancer-specific T cell epitopes also elicited epitope-specific T cells in the intestine and inhibited tumor growth. Overall, our data strengthen the important role of MM in tumor immunity and assign a novel function of OMVs in host-pathogen interaction. Moreover, our results pave the way to the exploitation of probiotics and OMVs engineered with tumor specific-antigens as personalized mucosal cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tomasi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Elena Caproni
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Mattia Benedet
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanella
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Giorgetta
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Mattia Dalsass
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Enrico König
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Alvise Berti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Tamburini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Croia
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Lascio
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | | | - Giada Licata
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
- Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Armanini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Fabio Cumbo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Asnicar
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Aitor Blanco-Míguez
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Eliana Ruggiero
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Guido Grandi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- *Correspondence: Guido Grandi, ; Alberto Grandi,
| | - Alberto Grandi
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
- BiOMViS Srl, Siena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Guido Grandi, ; Alberto Grandi,
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20
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Grace BE, Backlund CM, Morgan DM, Kang BH, Singh NK, Huisman BD, Rappazzo CG, Moynihan KD, Maiorino L, Dobson CS, Kyung T, Gordon KS, Holec PV, Mbah OCT, Garafola D, Wu S, Love JC, Wittrup KD, Irvine DJ, Birnbaum ME. Identification of Highly Cross-Reactive Mimotopes for a Public T Cell Response in Murine Melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886683. [PMID: 35812387 PMCID: PMC9260506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While immune checkpoint blockade results in durable responses for some patients, many others have not experienced such benefits. These treatments rely upon reinvigorating specific T cell-antigen interactions. However, it is often unknown what antigens are being recognized by T cells or how to potently induce antigen-specific responses in a broadly applicable manner. Here, we characterized the CD8+ T cell response to a murine model of melanoma following combination immunotherapy to determine the basis of tumor recognition. Sequencing of tumor-infiltrating T cells revealed a repertoire of highly homologous TCR sequences that were particularly expanded in treated mice and which recognized an antigen from an endogenous retrovirus. While vaccination against this peptide failed to raise a protective T cell response in vivo, engineered antigen mimotopes induced a significant expansion of CD8+ T cells cross-reactive to the original antigen. Vaccination with mimotopes resulted in killing of antigen-loaded cells in vivo yet showed modest survival benefit in a prophylactic vaccine paradigm. Together, this work demonstrates the identification of a dominant tumor-associated antigen and generation of mimotopes which can induce robust functional T cell responses that are cross-reactive to the endogenous antigen across multiple individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth E. Grace
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Coralie M. Backlund
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Duncan M. Morgan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Byong H. Kang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Nishant K. Singh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Brooke D. Huisman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - C. Garrett Rappazzo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kelly D. Moynihan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Laura Maiorino
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Connor S. Dobson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Taeyoon Kyung
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Khloe S. Gordon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Patrick V. Holec
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Daniel Garafola
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Shengwei Wu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - J. Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - K. Dane Wittrup
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Michael E. Birnbaum
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael E. Birnbaum,
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21
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Kasichayanula S, Mandlekar S, Shivva V, Patel M, Girish S. Evolution of Preclinical Characterization and Insights into Clinical Pharmacology of Checkpoint Inhibitors Approved for Cancer Immunotherapy. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:1818-1837. [PMID: 35588531 PMCID: PMC9372426 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has significantly advanced the treatment paradigm in oncology, with approvals of immuno‐oncology agents for over 16 indications, many of them first line. Checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) are recognized as an essential backbone for a successful anticancer therapy regimen. This review focuses on the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory approvals of major CPIs and the evolution of translational advances since their first approval close to a decade ago. In addition, critical preclinical and clinical pharmacology considerations, an overview of the pharmacokinetic and dose/regimen aspects, and a discussion of the future of CPI translational and clinical pharmacology as combination therapy becomes a mainstay of industrial immunotherapy development and in clinical practice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vittal Shivva
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, 94080, CA
| | - Maulik Patel
- AbbVie Inc., 1000 Gateway Blvd, South San Francisco, 94080, CA
| | - Sandhya Girish
- Gilead Sciences, 310 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, 94404, CA
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22
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Ke CH, Wang YS, Chiang HC, Wu HY, Liu WJ, Huang CC, Huang YC, Lin CS. Xenograft cancer vaccines prepared from immunodeficient mice increase tumor antigen diversity and host T cell efficiency against colorectal cancers. Cancer Lett 2022; 526:66-75. [PMID: 34808284 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autologous cancer vaccines (ACVs) are a desirable approach for personalized medicine, but the efficiency of ACVs remains unsatisfactory due to their low immunogenicity. This study developed a platform that can enhance the immunogenicity of ACVs by transplanting the tumors into immunodeficient mice. The CT26 cell line was inoculated into severe combined immunodeficient mice (SCID) for vaccine preparation where escalates tumor development, subsequently diversifying the tumor antigenic topology. CT26/SCID cancer vaccines significantly inhibited tumor growth, increased the amount of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, and triggered Th-1 predominant immune responses. Tumor antigenic profiles of CT26/SCID cells were further analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Compared to CT26 parental cells, a total of 428 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected. These DEPs revealed that CT26/SCID cells overexpressed several novel therapeutic targets, including KNG1, apoA-I and, β2-GPI, which can trigger cytotoxic T cells towards Th-1 predominant immune responses and directly suppress proliferation in tumors. CT26/SCID cancer vaccines can be easily manufactured, while traits of triggering stronger antigen-specific Th-1 immune activity against tumors, are retained. Results of this study provide an effective proof-of-concept of an ACV for personalized cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Hsu Ke
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1 Sec.4 Roosevelt Rd., 106319, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Wang
- Lab. 2612, Rekiin Biotech Inc., 114737, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, 106319, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Jing Liu
- Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, 1 Ai-Guo West Road, Taipei, 100234, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Chun Huang
- Lab. 2612, Rekiin Biotech Inc., 114737, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Si Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1 Sec.4 Roosevelt Rd., 106319, Taipei, Taiwan.
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23
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Merchant R, Galligan C, Munegowda MA, Pearce LB, Lloyd P, Smith P, Merchant F, To MD. Fine-tuned long-acting interleukin-2 superkine potentiates durable immune responses in mice and non-human primate. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003155. [PMID: 35058325 PMCID: PMC8772458 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2, aldesleukin) is Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma and has achieved durable response in a subset of patients. However, its utility as an immunotherapeutic drug is limited by undesirable activation of immune suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) and a short half-life requiring frequent high dose administration, leading to unacceptable toxicities. We have engineered MDNA11, a long-acting IL-2 superkine, to overcome these limitations by (1) modifying receptor selectivity in favor of anti-cancer immune cells to increase therapeutic efficacy and (2) fusion to human albumin to extend the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, circumventing the need for frequent dosing. Methods MDNA11 was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo studies including: binding analyses to measure receptor affinity, IL-2 pathway signaling, PK studies in mice, and efficacy studies in syngeneic tumor models as single agent and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, the safety and pharmacodynamic profile of MDNA11 was assessed in non-human primate (NHP). Results Binding studies with MDNA11 demonstrated increased affinity for IL-2Rβ (CD122) and no binding to IL-2Rα (CD25). As a result, MDNA11 exhibits reduced/limited Treg stimulation while triggering an enhanced activation of natural killer and naïve CD8 T cells compared with rhIL-2. When administered to animals with pre-established tumors, MDNA11 controlled tumor growth in a monotherapy setting and in combination with anti-PD1 or anti-CTLA4 to induce durable tumor clearance with a once weekly dosing regimen. In a NHP model, MDNA11 was well tolerated while triggering durable and potent immune responses including expansion of lymphocytes without significant effect on Tregs and eosinophils, the latter been linked to an increased risk of vascular leak syndrome. Conclusion MDNA11 is a next generation long-acting IL-2 immunotherapeutic with a highly favorable pharmacodynamic profile that translates to a strong therapeutic efficacy in preclinical tumor models and a strong and durable immune response in NHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemina Merchant
- Research and Development, Medicenna Therapeutics Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carole Galligan
- Research and Development, Medicenna Therapeutics Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - L Bruce Pearce
- Biologics Consulting Group Inc, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | - Fahar Merchant
- Research and Development, Medicenna Therapeutics Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minh D To
- Research and Development, Medicenna Therapeutics Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Lhuillier C, Van Nest SJ, Rudqvist NP, Demaria S. Pipeline to identify neoantigens exposed by radiation. Methods Cell Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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He X, Zhou S, Quinn B, Huang W, Jahagirdar D, Vega M, Ortega J, Long MD, Ito F, Abrams SI, Lovell JF. Position-Scanning Peptide Libraries as Particle Immunogens for Improving CD8 + T-Cell Responses. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2103023. [PMID: 34716694 PMCID: PMC8693074 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Short peptides reflecting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC-I) epitopes frequently lack sufficient immunogenicity to induce robust antigen (Ag)-specific CD8+ T cell responses. In the current work, it is demonstrated that position-scanning peptide libraries themselves can serve as improved immunogens, inducing Ag-specific CD8+ T cells with greater frequency and function than the wild-type epitope. The approach involves displaying the entire position-scanning library onto immunogenic nanoliposomes. Each library contains the MHC-I epitope with a single randomized position. When a recently identified MHC-I epitope in the glycoprotein gp70 envelope protein of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) is assessed, only one of the eight positional libraries tested, randomized at amino acid position 5 (Pos5), shows enhanced induction of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. A second MHC-I epitope from gp70 is assessed in the same manner and shows, in contrast, multiple positional libraries (Pos1, Pos3, Pos5, and Pos8) as well as the library mixture give rise to enhanced CD8+ T cell responses. The library mixture Pos1-3-5-8 induces a more diverse epitope-specific T-cell repertoire with superior antitumor efficacy compared to an established single mutation mimotope (AH1-A5). These data show that positional peptide libraries can serve as immunogens for improving CD8+ T-cell responses against endogenously expressed MHC-I epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan He
- University at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- University at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Breandan Quinn
- University at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Wei‐Chiao Huang
- University at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Dushyant Jahagirdar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyMcGill University MontrealQuebecH3A1Y2Canada
| | - Michael Vega
- Division of Research and Innovation PartnershipsNorthern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL60115USA
| | - Joaquin Ortega
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyMcGill University MontrealQuebecH3A1Y2Canada
| | - Mark D. Long
- Department of Cancer Genetics and GenomicsRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (RPCCC)BuffaloNY14263USA
| | - Fumito Ito
- Department of ImmunologyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY14263USA
- Center for ImmunotherapyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY14263USA
- Department of Surgical OncologyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY14263USA
| | - Scott I. Abrams
- Department of ImmunologyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY14263USA
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26
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Miyazaki T, Chung S, Sakai H, Ohata H, Obata Y, Shiokawa D, Mizoguchi Y, Kubo T, Ichikawa H, Taniguchi H, Aoki K, Soga T, Nakagama H, Okamoto K. Stemness and immune evasion conferred by TDO2-AHR pathway are associated with liver metastasis of colon cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:170-181. [PMID: 34714577 PMCID: PMC8748246 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway modulates the immune system in response to kynurenine, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite. IDO1 and TDO2 catalyze kynurenine production, which promotes cancer progression by compromising host immunosurveillance. However, it is unclear whether the AHR activation regulates the malignant traits of cancer such as metastatic capability or cancer stemness. Here, we carried out systematic analyses of metabolites in patient-derived colorectal cancer spheroids, and identified high levels of kynurenine and TDO2 that were positively associated with liver metastasis. In a mouse colon cancer model, TDO2 expression substantially enhanced liver metastasis, induced AHR-mediated PD-L1 transactivation, and dampened immune responses; these changes were all abolished by PD-L1 knockout. In patient-derived cancer spheroids, TDO2 or AHR activity was required for not only the expression of PD-L1, but also for cancer stem cell (CSC)-related characteristics and Wnt signaling. TDO2 was coexpressed with both PD-L1 and nuclear β-catenin in colon xenograft tumors, and the coexpression of TDO2 and PD-L1 was observed in clinical colon cancer specimens. Thus, our data indicate that the activation of the TDO2-kynurenine-AHR pathway facilitates liver metastasis of colon cancer via PD-L1-mediated immune evasion and maintenance of stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Miyazaki
- Division of Cancer Differentiation.,Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Suyoun Chung
- Division of Cancer Differentiation.,OncoTherapy Science, Inc, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Yukihiro Mizoguchi
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Kazunori Aoki
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | | | | | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Differentiation.,Lead contact
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27
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Oba T, Kajihara R, Yokoi T, Repasky EA, Ito F. Neoadjuvant in situ immunomodulation enhances systemic antitumor immunity against highly metastatic tumors. Cancer Res 2021; 81:6183-6195. [PMID: 34666993 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy, given before surgical resection, is a promising approach to develop systemic antitumor immunity for the treatment of high-risk resectable disease. Here, using syngeneic and orthotopic mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer, we have tested the hypothesis that generation of tumor-specific T-cell responses by induction and activation of tumor-residing Batf3-dependent conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) before resection improves control of distant metastatic disease and survival. Mice bearing highly metastatic orthotopic tumors were treated with a combinatorial in situ immunomodulation (ISIM) regimen comprised of intratumoral administration of Flt3L, local radiotherapy, and in situ TLR3/CD40 stimulations, followed by surgical resection. Neoadjuvant ISIM generated tumor-specific CD8+ T cells that infiltrated into distant non-irradiated metastatic sites, which delayed the progression of lung metastases and improved survival after the resection of primary tumors. The efficacy of neoadjuvant ISIM was dependent on de novo adaptive T-cell immunity elicited by Batf3-dependent DCs and was enhanced by increasing dose and fractionation of radiotherapy, and early surgical resection after the completion of neoadjuvant ISIM. Importantly, neoadjuvant ISIM synergized with PD-L1 blockade to improve control of distant metastases and prolong survival, while removal of tumor-draining lymph nodes abrogated the antimetastatic efficacy of neoadjuvant ISIM. Our findings illustrate the therapeutic potential of neoadjuvant multimodal intralesional therapy for the treatment of resectable tumors with high risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Oba
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery (II), Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Ryutaro Kajihara
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Toshihiro Yokoi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | - Fumito Ito
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
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28
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Implications of Antigen Selection on T Cell-Based Immunotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100993. [PMID: 34681217 PMCID: PMC8537967 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many immunotherapies rely on CD8+ effector T cells to recognize and kill cognate tumor cells. These T cell-based immunotherapies include adoptive cell therapy, such as CAR T cells or transgenic TCR T cells, and anti-cancer vaccines which expand endogenous T cell populations. Tumor mutation burden and the choice of antigen are among the most important aspects of T cell-based immunotherapies. Here, we highlight various classes of cancer antigens, including self, neojunction-derived, human endogenous retrovirus (HERV)-derived, and somatic nucleotide variant (SNV)-derived antigens, and consider their utility in T cell-based immunotherapies. We further discuss the respective anti-tumor/anti-self-properties that influence both the degree of immunotolerance and potential off-target effects associated with each antigen class.
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29
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Howell LM, Forbes NS. Bacteria-based immune therapies for cancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:1163-1178. [PMID: 34547442 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Engineered bacterial therapies that target the tumor immune landscape offer a new class of cancer immunotherapy. Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes are two species of bacteria that have been engineered to specifically target tumors and serve as delivery vessels for immunotherapies. Therapeutic bacteria have been engineered to deliver cytokines, gene silencing shRNA, and tumor associated antigens that increase immune activation. Bacterial therapies stimulate both the innate and adaptive immune system, change the immune dynamics of the tumor microenvironment, and offer unique strategies for targeting tumors. Bacteria have innate adjuvant properties, which enable both the delivered molecules and the bacteria themselves to stimulate immune responses. Bacterial immunotherapies that deliver cytokines and tumor-associated antigens have demonstrated clinical efficacy. Harnessing the diverse set of mechanisms that Salmonella and Listeria use to alter the tumor-immune landscape has the potential to generate many new and effective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars M Howell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Neil S Forbes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
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30
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Gozgit JM, Vasbinder MM, Abo RP, Kunii K, Kuplast-Barr KG, Gui B, Lu AZ, Molina JR, Minissale E, Swinger KK, Wigle TJ, Blackwell DJ, Majer CR, Ren Y, Niepel M, Varsamis ZA, Nayak SP, Bamberg E, Mo JR, Church WD, Mady ASA, Song J, Utley L, Rao PE, Mitchison TJ, Kuntz KW, Richon VM, Keilhack H. PARP7 negatively regulates the type I interferon response in cancer cells and its inhibition triggers antitumor immunity. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:1214-1226.e10. [PMID: 34375612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PARP7 is a monoPARP that catalyzes the transfer of single units of ADP-ribose onto substrates to change their function. Here, we identify PARP7 as a negative regulator of nucleic acid sensing in tumor cells. Inhibition of PARP7 restores type I interferon (IFN) signaling responses to nucleic acids in tumor models. Restored signaling can directly inhibit cell proliferation and activate the immune system, both of which contribute to tumor regression. Oral dosing of the PARP7 small-molecule inhibitor, RBN-2397, results in complete tumor regression in a lung cancer xenograft and induces tumor-specific adaptive immune memory in an immunocompetent mouse cancer model, dependent on inducing type I IFN signaling in tumor cells. PARP7 is a therapeutic target whose inhibition induces both cancer cell-autonomous and immune stimulatory effects via enhanced IFN signaling. These data support the targeting of a monoPARP in cancer and introduce a potent and selective PARP7 inhibitor to enter clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Gozgit
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
| | - Melissa M Vasbinder
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Ryan P Abo
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Kaiko Kunii
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | | | - Bin Gui
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Alvin Z Lu
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Jennifer R Molina
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Elena Minissale
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Kerren K Swinger
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Tim J Wigle
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | | | - Christina R Majer
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Yue Ren
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Mario Niepel
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | | | - Sunaina P Nayak
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Ellen Bamberg
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Jan-Rung Mo
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - W David Church
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Ahmed S A Mady
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Jeff Song
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Luke Utley
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | | | - Timothy J Mitchison
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Warren Alpert 536, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin W Kuntz
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Victoria M Richon
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Heike Keilhack
- Ribon Therapeutics, 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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31
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Hotz C, Wagenaar TR, Gieseke F, Bangari DS, Callahan M, Cao H, Diekmann J, Diken M, Grunwitz C, Hebert A, Hsu K, Bernardo M, Karikó K, Kreiter S, Kuhn AN, Levit M, Malkova N, Masciari S, Pollard J, Qu H, Ryan S, Selmi A, Schlereth J, Singh K, Sun F, Tillmann B, Tolstykh T, Weber W, Wicke L, Witzel S, Yu Q, Zhang YA, Zheng G, Lager J, Nabel GJ, Sahin U, Wiederschain D. Local delivery of mRNA-encoded cytokines promotes antitumor immunity and tumor eradication across multiple preclinical tumor models. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabc7804. [PMID: 34516826 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc7804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui Cao
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Mustafa Diken
- BioNTech, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH (TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Andy Hebert
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Karl Hsu
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marie Bernardo
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Sebastian Kreiter
- BioNTech, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH (TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Mikhail Levit
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Jack Pollard
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hui Qu
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sue Ryan
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abderaouf Selmi
- Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH (TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Kuldeep Singh
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fangxian Sun
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bodo Tillmann
- Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH (TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - William Weber
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Sonja Witzel
- Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH (TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Qunyan Yu
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu-An Zhang
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gang Zheng
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joanne Lager
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gary J Nabel
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ugur Sahin
- BioNTech, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH (TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
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32
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Harper J, Burke S, Travers J, Rath N, Leinster A, Navarro C, Franks R, Leyland R, Mulgrew K, McGlinchey K, Brown L, Dovedi SJ, Koopmann JO, Durham NM, Cheng X, Jin H, Eyles J, Wilkinson RW, Carroll D. Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Immunotherapy Drives Oncolytic Effects and Durable Systemic Antitumor Immunity. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1723-1734. [PMID: 34224361 PMCID: PMC9398146 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), encoding either a human (NDVhuGM-CSF, MEDI5395) or murine (NDVmuGM-CSF) GM-CSF transgene, combined broad oncolytic activity with the ability to significantly modulate genes related to immune functionality in human tumor cells. Replication in murine tumor lines was significantly diminished relative to human tumor cells. Nonetheless, intratumoral injection of NDVmuGM-CSF conferred antitumor effects in three syngeneic models in vivo; with efficacy further augmented by concomitant treatment with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 or T-cell agonists. Ex vivo immune profiling, including T-cell receptor sequencing, revealed profound immune-contexture changes consistent with priming and potentiation of adaptive immunity and tumor microenvironment (TME) reprogramming toward an immune-permissive state. CRISPR modifications rendered CT26 tumors significantly more permissive to NDV replication, and in this setting, NDVmuGM-CSF confers immune-mediated effects in the noninjected tumor in vivo Taken together, the data support the thesis that MEDI5395 primes and augments cell-mediated antitumor immunity and has significant utility as a combination partner with other immunomodulatory cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Harper
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Corresponding Author: James Harper, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom. Phone: 203-749-6269; E-mail:
| | - Shannon Burke
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Travers
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Rath
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ruth Franks
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Lee Brown
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Xing Cheng
- BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, California
| | - Hong Jin
- BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jim Eyles
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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33
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Chen M, Brackett CM, Burdelya LG, Punnanitinont A, Patnaik SK, Matsuzaki J, Odunsi AO, Gudkov AV, Singh AK, Repasky EA, Gurova KV. Stimulation of an anti-tumor immune response with "chromatin-damaging" therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2073-2086. [PMID: 33439292 PMCID: PMC8726059 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Curaxins are small molecules that bind genomic DNA and interfere with DNA-histone interactions leading to the loss of histones and decondensation of chromatin. We named this phenomenon 'chromatin damage'. Curaxins demonstrated anti-cancer activity in multiple pre-clinical tumor models. Here, we present data which reveals, for the first time, a role for the immune system in the anti-cancer effects of curaxins. Using the lead curaxin, CBL0137, we observed elevated expression of several group of genes in CBL0137-treated tumor cells including interferon sensitive genes, MHC molecules, some embryo-specific antigens suggesting that CBL0137 increases tumor cell immunogenicity and improves recognition of tumor cells by the immune system. In support of this, we found that the anti-tumor activity of CBL0137 was reduced in immune deficient SCID mice when compared to immune competent mice. Anti-tumor activity of CBL0137 was abrogated in CD8+ T cell depleted mice but only partially lost when natural killer or CD4+ T cells were depleted. Further support for a key role for the immune system in the anti-tumor activity of CBL0137 is evidenced by an increased antigen-specific effector CD8+ T cell and NK cell response, and an increased ratio of effector T cells to Tregs in the tumor and spleen. CBL0137 also elevated the number of CXCR3-expressing CTLs in the tumor and the level of interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) in serum, suggesting IP-10/CXCR3 controls CBL0137-elicited recruitment of effector CTLs to tumors. Our collective data underscores a previously unrecognized role for both innate and adaptive immunity in the anti-tumor activity of curaxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Chen
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Craig M Brackett
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Lyudmila G Burdelya
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Achamaporn Punnanitinont
- Cancer for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Santosh K Patnaik
- Cancer for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Cancer for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Adekunle O Odunsi
- Cancer for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Anurag K Singh
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Repasky
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| | - Katerina V Gurova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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34
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Ruf B, Catania VV, Wabitsch S, Ma C, Diggs LP, Zhang Q, Heinrich B, Subramanyam V, Cui LL, Pouzolles M, Evans CN, Chari R, Sakai S, Oh S, Barry CE, Barber DL, Greten TF. Activating Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Induces a Broad Antitumor Response. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1024-1034. [PMID: 34193462 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are MR1-restricted innate-like T cells that recognize non-peptide antigens including riboflavin derivates. Although in vitro-activated MAIT cells show antitumor activity, the in vivo role of MAIT cells in cancer is still unclear. Here, we have shown that MAIT cells have antitumor function in vivo when activated by a combination of the synthetic riboflavin synthesis pathway-derived antigen 5-OP-RU [5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil] and the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist CpG. Coadministration of 5-OP-RU and CpG induced strong systemic in vivo expansion and activation of MAIT cells with high CD69 expression, pronounced effector memory phenotype, and upregulated levels of effector molecules including IFNγ, granzyme B, and perforin. Activated and expanded MAITs induced a potent and broad antitumor immune response in murine models of liver metastasis and hepatocellular carcinoma, lung metastasis, and subcutaneous tumors in two different mouse strains. Such tumor inhibition was absent in MAIT-deficient Mr1 -/- mice. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated MR1 knockout in tumor cells did not affect efficacy of this MAIT-directed immunotherapy, pointing toward an indirect mechanism of action. Our findings suggest that MAIT cells are an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy.See related Spotlight by Lantz, p. 996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ruf
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vanessa V Catania
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Simon Wabitsch
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chi Ma
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laurence P Diggs
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Qianfei Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bernd Heinrich
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Varun Subramanyam
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Linda L Cui
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marie Pouzolles
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christine N Evans
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Shunsuke Sakai
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sangmi Oh
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel L Barber
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tim F Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. .,NCI CCR Liver Cancer Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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35
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Structures suggest an approach for converting weak self-peptide tumor antigens into superagonists for CD8 T cells in cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100588118. [PMID: 34074778 PMCID: PMC8201969 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100588118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor vaccines using modified self-antigens that structurally enhance T cell receptor–peptide–major histocompatibility complex interactions greatly improve a T cell protective response against the tumor’s unmodified self-antigen. X-ray crystal structures of these interactions explain how the native and modified peptides can interact with the same T cell receptor, but with different affinities and abilities to drive T cell proliferation and differentiation. Tumors frequently express unmutated self-tumor–associated antigens (self-TAAs). However, trial results using self-TAAs as vaccine targets against cancer are mixed, often attributed to deletion of T cells with high-affinity receptors (TCRs) for self-TAAs during T cell development. Mutating these weak self-TAAs to produce higher affinity, effective vaccines is challenging, since the mutations may not benefit all members of the broad self-TAA–specific T cell repertoire. We previously identified a common weak murine self-TAA that we converted to a highly effective antitumor vaccine by a single amino acid substitution. In this case the modified and natural self-TAAs still raised very similar sets of CD8 T cells. Our structural studies herein show that the modification of the self-TAA resulted in a subtle change in the major histocompatibility complex I–TAA structure. This amino acid substitution allowed a dramatic conformational change in the peptide during subsequent TCR engagement, creating a large increase in TCR affinity and accounting for the efficacy of the modified self-TAA as a vaccine. These results show that carefully selected, well-characterized modifications to a poorly immunogenic self-TAA can rescue the immune response of the large repertoire of weakly responding natural self-TAA–specific CD8 T cells, driving them to proliferate and differentiate into functional effectors. Subsequently, the unmodified self-TAA on the tumor cells, while unable to drive this response, is nevertheless a sufficient target for the CD8 cytotoxic effectors. Our results suggest a pathway for more efficiently identifying variants of common self-TAAs, which could be useful in vaccine development, complementing other current nonantigen-specific immunotherapies.
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36
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Kang BH, Momin N, Moynihan KD, Silva M, Li Y, Irvine DJ, Wittrup KD. Immunotherapy-induced antibodies to endogenous retroviral envelope glycoprotein confer tumor protection in mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248903. [PMID: 33857179 PMCID: PMC8049297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Following curative immunotherapy of B16F10 tumors, ~60% of mice develop a strong antibody response against cell-surface tumor antigens. Their antisera confer prophylactic protection against intravenous challenge with B16F10 cells, and also cross-react with syngeneic and allogeneic tumor cell lines MC38, EL.4, 4T1, and CT26. We identified the envelope glycoprotein (env) of a murine endogenous retrovirus (ERV) as the antigen accounting for the majority of this humoral response. A systemically administered anti-env monoclonal antibody cloned from such a response protects against tumor challenge, and prophylactic vaccination against the env protein protects a majority of naive mice from tumor establishment following subcutaneous inoculation with B16F10 cells. These results suggest the potential for effective prophylactic vaccination against analogous HERV-K env expressed in numerous human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byong H. Kang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Noor Momin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kelly D. Moynihan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Murillo Silva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yingzhong Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - K. Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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37
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Charmsaz S, Gross N, Jaffee E, Ho WJ. A global live cell barcoding approach for multiplexed mass cytometry profiling of mouse tumors. JCI Insight 2021; 6:143283. [PMID: 33690223 PMCID: PMC8119183 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of cancer immunology, mass cytometry has been increasingly employed to characterize the responses to cancer therapies and the tumor microenvironment (TME). One of its most notable applications is efficient multiplexing of samples into batches by dedicating a number of metal isotope channels to barcodes, enabling robust data acquisition and analysis. Barcoding is most effective when markers are present in all cells of interest. While CD45 has been shown to be a reliable marker for barcoding all immune cells in a given sample, a strategy to reliably barcode mouse cancer cells has not been demonstrated. To this end, we identified CD29 and CD98 as markers widely expressed by commonly used mouse cancer cell lines. We conjugated anti-CD29 and anti-CD98 antibodies to cadmium or indium metals and validated their utility in 10-plex barcoding of live cells. Finally, we established a potentially novel barcoding system incorporating the combination of CD29, CD98, and CD45 to multiplex 10 tumors from s.c. MC38 and KPC tumor models, while successfully recapitulating the known contrast in the PD1-PDL1 axis between the 2 models. The ability to barcode tumor cells along with immune cells empowers the interrogation of the tumor-immune interactions in mouse TME studies.
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Stringhini M, Spadafora I, Catalano M, Mock J, Probst P, Spörri R, Neri D. Cancer therapy in mice using a pure population of CD8 + T cell specific to the AH1 tumor rejection antigen. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:3183-3197. [PMID: 33796916 PMCID: PMC8505334 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the use of patient-derived T cells for the treatment of various types of malignancies. The expansion of a polyclonal and polyspecific population of tumor-reactive T cells, with a subsequent infusion into the same donor patient, has been implemented, sometimes with positive results. It is not known, however, whether a set of T cells with a single antigen specificity may be sufficient for an effective therapy. To gain more insights in this matter, we used naturally occurring T cells recognizing a retroviral peptide (AH1), which is endogenous in many tumor cell lines of BALB/c origin and which serves as potent tumor rejection antigen. We were able to isolate and expand this rare population of T cells to numbers suitable for therapy experiments in mice (i.e., up to 30 × 106 cells/mouse). After the expansion process, T cells efficiently killed antigen-positive tumor cells in vitro and demonstrated tumor growth inhibition in two syngeneic murine models of cancer. However, AH1-specific T cells failed to induce complete regressions of established tumors. The incomplete activity was associated with a failure of injected T cells to survive in vivo, as only a very limited amount of T cells was found in tumor or secondary lymphoid organs 72 h after injection. These data suggest that future therapeutic strategies based on autologous T cells may require the potentiation of tumor-homing and survival properties of cancer-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Stringhini
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Spadafora
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Catalano
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Mock
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Probst
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Spörri
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Campbell JR, McDonald BR, Mesko PB, Siemers NO, Singh PB, Selby M, Sproul TW, Korman AJ, Vlach LM, Houser J, Sambanthamoorthy S, Lu K, Hatcher SV, Lohre J, Jain R, Lan RY. Fc-Optimized Anti-CCR8 Antibody Depletes Regulatory T Cells in Human Tumor Models. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2983-2994. [PMID: 33757978 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) play a critical role in mediating tolerance to self-antigens and can repress antitumor immunity through multiple mechanisms. Therefore, targeted depletion of tumor-resident Tregs is warranted to promote effective antitumor immunity while preserving peripheral homeostasis. Here, we propose the chemokine receptor CCR8 as one such optimal tumor Treg target. CCR8 was expressed by Tregs in both murine and human tumors, and unlike CCR4, a Treg depletion target in the clinic, CCR8 was selectively expressed on suppressive tumor Tregs and minimally expressed on proinflammatory effector T cells (Teff). Preclinical mouse tumor modeling showed that depletion of CCR8+ Tregs through an FcyR-engaging anti-CCR8 antibody, but not blockade, enabled dose-dependent, effective, and long-lasting antitumor immunity that synergized with PD-1 blockade. This depletion was tumor Treg-restricted, sparing CCR8+ T cells in the spleen, thymus, and skin of mice. Importantly, Fc-optimized, nonfucosylated (nf) anti-human CCR8 antibodies specifically depleted Tregs and not Teffs in ex vivo tumor cultures from primary human specimens. These findings suggest that anti-CCR8-nf antibodies may deliver optimal tumor-targeted Treg depletion in the clinic, providing long-term antitumor memory responses while limiting peripheral toxicities. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that selective depletion of regulatory T cells with an anti-CCR8 antibody can improve antitumor immune responses as a monotherapy or in combination with other immunotherapies. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/11/2983/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark Selby
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California
| | | | | | | | - Jeff Houser
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California
| | | | - Kai Lu
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California
| | | | - Jack Lohre
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California
| | - Renu Jain
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California.
| | - Ruth Y Lan
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California.
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40
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Sugiyarto G, Prossor D, Dadas O, Arcia-Anaya ED, Elliott T, James E. Protective low-avidity anti-tumour CD8+ T cells are selectively attenuated by regulatory T cells. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2021; 1:ltaa001. [PMID: 33748824 PMCID: PMC7958313 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a major role in the suppression of protective anti-tumour T cell responses. In the CT26 BALB/c murine model of colorectal carcinoma, Tregs differentially suppress responses to two characterised CD8+ T epitopes, AH1 and GSW11, which results in an absence of detectable IFN-γ-producing GSW11-specific T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes of tumour challenged mice. Activation of GSW11-specific T cells correlates with protection against tumour progression. We wanted to examine the presence of non-functional GSW11-specific T cells in Treg replete and depleted mice, assess their phenotype and their affinity compared to AH1-specific T cells. Methods We used peptide-specific tetramers to identify tumour-specific CD8+ T cells and assessed the cell surface expression of markers associated with exhaustion (PD-1, Tim3 and Lag-3) and their function by IFN-g production using flow cytometry. We also assessed the T cell receptor (TcR) clonality of tumour-specific T cells. Tetramer competition assays were performed to determine the relative affinity of identified TcR. Results Here, we show that GSW11-specific T cells are in fact induced in Treg-replete, CT26-bearing mice, where they make up the majority of tumour-infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes, but exhibit an ‘exhausted’ phenotype. This dysfunctional phenotype is induced early in the anti-tumour response in tumours. Depletion of Tregs prior to tumour challenge correlates with an altered T cell receptor (TcR) repertoire. Moreover, the avidity of GSW11-specific TcRs that expanded in the absence of Tregs was significantly lower compared with TcRs of CD8+populations that were diminished in protective anti-tumour responses. Conclusion Our results indicate that Tregs suppress the induction of protective anti-tumour T cell responses and may signify that low-avidity T cells play an important role in this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessa Sugiyarto
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David Prossor
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Osman Dadas
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E David Arcia-Anaya
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Tim Elliott
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Edward James
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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41
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Medler TR, Blair TC, Crittenden MR, Gough MJ. Defining Immunogenic and Radioimmunogenic Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:667075. [PMID: 33816320 PMCID: PMC8017281 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the cancer literature tumors are inconsistently labeled as ‘immunogenic’, and experimental results are occasionally dismissed since they are only tested in known ‘responsive’ tumor models. The definition of immunogenicity has moved from its classical definition based on the rejection of secondary tumors to a more nebulous definition based on immune infiltrates and response to immunotherapy interventions. This review discusses the basis behind tumor immunogenicity and the variation between tumor models, then moves to discuss how these principles apply to the response to radiation therapy. In this way we can identify radioimmunogenic tumor models that are particularly responsive to immunotherapy only when combined with radiation, and identify the interventions that can convert unresponsive tumors so that they can also respond to these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry R Medler
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Tiffany C Blair
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States.,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, OHSU, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Marka R Crittenden
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States.,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, OHSU, Portland, OR, United States.,The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Michael J Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States.,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, OHSU, Portland, OR, United States
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42
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Walker JM, Rolig AS, Charych DH, Hoch U, Kasiewicz MJ, Rose DC, McNamara MJ, Hilgart-Martiszus IF, Redmond WL. NKTR-214 immunotherapy synergizes with radiotherapy to stimulate systemic CD8 + T cell responses capable of curing multi-focal cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000464. [PMID: 32457127 PMCID: PMC7252958 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-dose radiotherapy (RT) is known to be immunogenic, but is rarely capable of driving clinically relevant abscopal antitumor immunity as monotherapy. RT is known to increase antigen presentation, type I/II interferon responses, and immune cell trafficking to irradiated tumors. Bempegaldesleukin (NKTR-214) is a CD122-preferential interleukin 2 (IL-2) pathway agonist that has been shown to increase tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, T cell clonality, and increase PD-1 expression. NKTR-214 has increased drug half-life, decreased toxicity, and increased CD8+ T cell and natural killer cell stimulation compared with IL-2. Methods Animals bearing bilateral subcutaneous MCA-205 fibrosarcoma or CT26 colorectal tumors were treated with NKTR-214, RT, or combination therapy, and tumor growth of irradiated and abscopal lesions was assessed. Focal RT was delivered using a small animal radiation research platform. Peripheral and tumor-infiltrating immune phenotype and functional analyses were performed by flow cytometry. RNA expression profiling from both irradiated and abscopal lesions was performed using microarray. Results We demonstrate synergy between RT of a single tumor and NKTR-214 systemic therapy resulting in dramatically increased cure rates of mice bearing bilateral tumors compared with RT or NKTR-214 therapy alone. Combination therapy resulted in increased magnitude and effector function of tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses and increased trafficking of these T cells to both irradiated and distant, unirradiated, tumors. Conclusions Given the increasing role of hypofractionated and stereotactic body RT as standard of care treatments in the management of locally advanced and metastatic cancer, these data have important implications for future clinical trial development. The combination of RT and NKTR-214 therapy potently stimulates systemic antitumor immunity and should be evaluated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced and metastatic solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Walker
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA .,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Annah S Rolig
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Ute Hoch
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Melissa J Kasiewicz
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel C Rose
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael J McNamara
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - William L Redmond
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
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43
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Yamauchi T, Hoki T, Oba T, Jain V, Chen H, Attwood K, Battaglia S, George S, Chatta G, Puzanov I, Morrison C, Odunsi K, Segal BH, Dy GK, Ernstoff MS, Ito F. T-cell CX3CR1 expression as a dynamic blood-based biomarker of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1402. [PMID: 33658501 PMCID: PMC7930182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized treatment for various cancers; however, durable response is limited to only a subset of patients. Discovery of blood-based biomarkers that reflect dynamic change of the tumor microenvironment, and predict response to ICI, will markedly improve current treatment regimens. Here, we investigate CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), a marker of T-cell differentiation, as a predictive correlate of response to ICI therapy. Successful treatment of tumor-bearing mice with ICI increases the frequency and T-cell receptor clonality of the peripheral CX3CR1+CD8+ T-cell subset that includes an enriched repertoire of tumor-specific and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, an increase in the frequency of the CX3CR1+ subset in circulating CD8+ T cells early after initiation of anti-PD-1 therapy correlates with response and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Collectively, these data support T-cell CX3CR1 expression as a blood-based dynamic early on-treatment predictor of response to ICI therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Pharmacological/blood
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/blood
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Ki-67 Antigen/blood
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Nivolumab/pharmacology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Treatment Outcome
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Yamauchi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Toshifumi Hoki
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Merck Sharp & Dohme, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Oba
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Vaibhav Jain
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hongbin Chen
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sebastiano Battaglia
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Saby George
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gurkamal Chatta
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Igor Puzanov
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Carl Morrison
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brahm H Segal
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Grace K Dy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Marc S Ernstoff
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Developmental Therapeutics Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fumito Ito
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Lhuillier C, Rudqvist NP, Yamazaki T, Zhang T, Charpentier M, Galluzzi L, Dephoure N, Clement CC, Santambrogio L, Zhou XK, Formenti SC, Demaria S. Radiotherapy-exposed CD8+ and CD4+ neoantigens enhance tumor control. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:138740. [PMID: 33476307 DOI: 10.1172/jci138740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoantigens generated by somatic nonsynonymous mutations are key targets of tumor-specific T cells, but only a small number of mutations predicted to be immunogenic are presented by MHC molecules on cancer cells. Vaccination studies in mice and patients have shown that the majority of neoepitopes that elicit T cell responses fail to induce significant antitumor activity, for incompletely understood reasons. We report that radiotherapy upregulates the expression of genes containing immunogenic mutations in a poorly immunogenic mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer. Vaccination with neoepitopes encoded by these genes elicited CD8+ and CD4+ T cells that, whereas ineffective in preventing tumor growth, improved the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy. Mechanistically, neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells preferentially killed irradiated tumor cells. Neoantigen-specific CD4+ T cells were required for the therapeutic efficacy of vaccination and acted by producing Th1 cytokines, killing irradiated tumor cells, and promoting epitope spread. Such a cytotoxic activity relied on the ability of radiation to upregulate class II MHC molecules as well as the death receptors FAS/CD95 and DR5 on the surface of tumor cells. These results provide proof-of-principle evidence that radiotherapy works in concert with neoantigen vaccination to improve tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tuo Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology and.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Noah Dephoure
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biochemistry
| | | | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Radiation Oncology and.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, and
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology and.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology and.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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45
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Aaes TL, Vandenabeele P. The intrinsic immunogenic properties of cancer cell lines, immunogenic cell death, and how these influence host antitumor immune responses. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:843-860. [PMID: 33214663 PMCID: PMC7937679 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern cancer therapies often involve the combination of tumor-directed cytotoxic strategies and generation of a host antitumor immune response. The latter is unleashed by immunotherapies that activate the immune system generating a more immunostimulatory tumor microenvironment and a stronger tumor antigen-specific immune response. Studying the interaction between antitumor cytotoxic therapies, dying cancer cells, and the innate and adaptive immune system requires appropriate experimental tumor models in mice. In this review, we discuss the immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive properties of cancer cell lines commonly used in immunogenic cell death (ICD) studies being apoptosis or necroptosis. We will especially focus on the antigenic component of immunogenicity. While in several cancer cell lines the epitopes of endogenously expressed tumor antigens are known, these intrinsic epitopes are rarely determined in experimental apoptotic or necroptotic ICD settings. Instead by far the most ICD research studies investigate the antigenic response against exogenously expressed model antigens such as ovalbumin or retroviral epitopes (e.g., AH1). In this review, we will argue that the immune response against endogenous tumor antigens and the immunopeptidome profile of cancer cell lines affect the eventual biological readouts in the typical prophylactic tumor vaccination type of experiments used in ICD research, and we will propose additional methods involving immunopeptidome profiling, major histocompatibility complex molecule expression, and identification of tumor-infiltrating immune cells to document intrinsic immunogenicity following different cell death modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Løve Aaes
- grid.11486.3a0000000104788040Unit for Cell Clearance in Health and Disease, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium ,grid.11486.3a0000000104788040Unit of Molecular Signaling and Cell Death, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
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46
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Hinterberger M, Giessel R, Fiore G, Graebnitz F, Bathke B, Wennier S, Chaplin P, Melero I, Suter M, Lauterbach H, Berraondo P, Hochrein H, Medina-Echeverz J. Intratumoral virotherapy with 4-1BBL armed modified vaccinia Ankara eradicates solid tumors and promotes protective immune memory. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001586. [PMID: 33579736 PMCID: PMC7883866 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human cancers are extraordinarily heterogeneous in terms of tumor antigen expression, immune infiltration and composition. A common feature, however, is the host′s inability to mount potent immune responses that prevent tumor growth effectively. Often, naturally primed CD8+ T cells against solid tumors lack adequate stimulation and efficient tumor tissue penetration due to an immune hostile tumor microenvironment. Methods To address these shortcomings, we cloned tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and the immune-stimulatory ligand 4-1BBL into the genome of modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) for intratumoral virotherapy. Results Local treatment with MVA-TAA-4-1BBL resulted in control of established tumors. Intratumoral injection of MVA localized mainly to the tumor with minimal leakage to the tumor-draining lymph node. In situ infection by MVA-TAA-4-1BBL triggered profound changes in the tumor microenvironment, including the induction of multiple proinflammatory molecules and immunogenic cell death. These changes led to the reactivation and expansion of antigen-experienced, tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells that were essential for the therapeutic antitumor effect. Strikingly, we report the induction of a systemic antitumor immune response including tumor antigen spread by local MVA-TAA-4-1BBL treatment which controlled tumor growth at distant, untreated lesions and protected against local and systemic tumor rechallenge. In all cases, 4-1BBL adjuvanted MVA was superior to MVA. Conclusion Intratumoral 4-1BBL-armed MVA immunotherapy induced a profound reactivation and expansion of potent tumor-specific CD8+ T cells as well as favorable proinflammatory changes in the tumor microenvironment, leading to elimination of tumors and protective immunological memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mark Suter
- Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Planegg, Germany.,Vetsuisse Fakultät, Dekanat, Bereich Immunologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Henning Lauterbach
- Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Planegg, Germany.,Present address: Hookipa Pharma Inc, 350 Fifth Avenue, Room/Suite 7240, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
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47
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Pierini S, Mishra A, Perales-Linares R, Uribe-Herranz M, Beghi S, Giglio A, Pustylnikov S, Costabile F, Rafail S, Amici A, Facciponte JG, Koumenis C, Facciabene A. Combination of vasculature targeting, hypofractionated radiotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitor elicits potent antitumor immune response and blocks tumor progression. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001636. [PMID: 33563772 PMCID: PMC7875275 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1) is a protein expressed in the tumor-associated endothelium and/or stroma of various types of cancer. We previously demonstrated that immunization with a plasmid-DNA vaccine targeting TEM1 reduced tumor progression in three murine cancer models. Radiation therapy (RT) is an established cancer modality used in more than 50% of patients with solid tumors. RT can induce tumor-associated vasculature injury, triggering immunogenic cell death and inhibition of the irradiated tumor and distant non-irradiated tumor growth (abscopal effect). Combination treatment of RT with TEM1 immunotherapy may complement and augment established immune checkpoint blockade. Methods Mice bearing bilateral subcutaneous CT26 colorectal or TC1 lung tumors were treated with a novel heterologous TEM1-based vaccine, in combination with RT, and anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody or combinations of these therapies, tumor growth of irradiated and abscopal tumors was subsequently assessed. Analysis of tumor blood perfusion was evaluated by CD31 staining and Doppler ultrasound imaging. Immunophenotyping of peripheral and tumor-infiltrating immune cells as well as functional analysis was analyzed by flow cytometry, ELISpot assay and adoptive cell transfer (ACT) experiments. Results We demonstrate that addition of RT to heterologous TEM1 vaccination reduces progression of CT26 and TC1 irradiated and abscopal distant tumors as compared with either single treatment. Mechanistically, RT increased major histocompatibility complex class I molecule (MHCI) expression on endothelial cells and improved immune recognition of the endothelium by anti-TEM1 T cells with subsequent severe vascular damage as measured by reduced microvascular density and tumor blood perfusion. Heterologous TEM1 vaccine and RT combination therapy boosted tumor-associated antigen (TAA) cross-priming (ie, anti-gp70) and augmented programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 signaling within CT26 tumor. Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in combination with dual therapy further increased the antitumor effect and gp70-specific immune responses. ACT experiments show that anti-gp70 T cells are required for the antitumor effects of the combination therapy. Conclusion Our findings describe novel cooperative mechanisms between heterologous TEM1 vaccination and RT, highlighting the pivotal role that TAA cross-priming plays for an effective antitumor strategy. Furthermore, we provide rationale for using heterologous TEM1 vaccination and RT as an add-on to immune checkpoint blockade as triple combination therapy into early-phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pierini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renzo Perales-Linares
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mireia Uribe-Herranz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Silvia Beghi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea Giglio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sergei Pustylnikov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francesca Costabile
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stavros Rafail
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Augusto Amici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Marche, Italy
| | - John G Facciponte
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Costantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea Facciabene
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA .,Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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48
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Yang M, Giehl E, Feng C, Feist M, Chen H, Dai E, Liu Z, Ma C, Ravindranathan R, Bartlett DL, Lu B, Guo ZS. IL-36γ-armed oncolytic virus exerts superior efficacy through induction of potent adaptive antitumor immunity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2467-2481. [PMID: 33538860 PMCID: PMC8360872 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to apply the cytokine IL-36γ to cancer immunotherapy by constructing new oncolytic vaccinia viruses (OV) expressing interleukin-36γ (IL-36γ-OVs), leveraging unique synergism between OV and IL-36γ’s ability to promote antitumor adaptive immunity and modulate tumor microenvironment (TME). IL-36γ-OV had dramatic therapeutic efficacies in multiple murine tumor models, frequently leading to complete cancer eradication in large fractions of mice. Mechanistically, IL-36-γ-armed OV induced infiltration of lymphocytes and dendritic cells, decreased myeloid-derived suppressor cells and M2-like tumor-associated macrophages, and T cell differentiation into effector cells. Further study showed that IL-36γ-OV increased the number of tumor antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the therapeutic efficacy depended on both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. These results demonstrate that these IL36γ-armed OVs exert potent therapeutic efficacy mainly though antitumor immunity and they may hold great potential to advance treatment in human cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Esther Giehl
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chao Feng
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mathilde Feist
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, CCM/CVK, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hongqi Chen
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Enyong Dai
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zuqiang Liu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Congrong Ma
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roshni Ravindranathan
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David L Bartlett
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,AHN-Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Binfeng Lu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Zong Sheng Guo
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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49
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Ji S, Lee J, Lee ES, Kim DH, Sin JI. B16 melanoma control by anti-PD-L1 requires CD8+ T cells and NK cells: application of anti-PD-L1 Abs and Trp2 peptide vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:1910-1922. [PMID: 33522416 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1866951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy has been beneficial in treating patients with certain cancers. Here, we tested whether anti-PD-L1 therapy is effective for controlling different types of tumors using animal models of TC-1, MC38 and B16. We found that, despite PD-L1 expression, anti-PD-L1 therapy showed little and some antitumor activity in the TC-1 and MC38 models. However, anti-PD-L1 therapy exhibited a more dramatic antitumor effect in the B16 model. This difference in antitumor responses was likely associated with the CD8 + T cell infiltration status of tumor tissues. In the B16 model, CD8 + T cells and to a lesser degree NK cells were found to be responsible for the antitumor response of anti-PD-L1 therapy, as determined by immune cell subset depletion. In particular, CD8 + T cells from B16-bearing mice produced an IFN-γ in response to B16 cells and citrate phosphate buffer-treated B16 cell peptide elutes but not to an immunodominant class I epitope, Trp2180-188, suggesting that CD8 + T cells that recognize neoantigens were induced in B16 tumor-bearing mice and then reactivated by anti-PD-L1 for tumor control. When B16 tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-PD-L1 in combination with Trp2180-188 peptide vaccines, they displayed significantly more tumor control than either single therapy. Taken together, these studies show that B16 melanomas are more effectively controlled through reactivation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by anti-PD-L1 therapy. Moreover, combined therapy using anti-PD-L1 and Trp2 peptide vaccines is more beneficial for controlling B16 melanomas through reactivation of neoantigen-specific CD8 + T cells and induction of Trp2-specific CD8 + T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Ji
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in BIT Medical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eung Suk Lee
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Dae Hee Kim
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Im Sin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in BIT Medical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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50
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Wang HQ, Mulford IJ, Sharp F, Liang J, Kurtulus S, Trabucco G, Quinn DS, Longmire TA, Patel N, Patil R, Shirley MD, Chen Y, Wang H, Ruddy DA, Fabre C, Williams JA, Hammerman PS, Mataraza J, Platzer B, Halilovic E. Inhibition of MDM2 Promotes Antitumor Responses in p53 Wild-Type Cancer Cells through Their Interaction with the Immune and Stromal Microenvironment. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3079-3091. [PMID: 33504557 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
p53 is a transcription factor that plays a central role in guarding the genomic stability of cells through cell-cycle arrest or induction of apoptosis. However, the effects of p53 in antitumor immunity are poorly understood. To investigate the role of p53 in controlling tumor-immune cell cross-talk, we studied murine syngeneic models treated with HDM201, a potent and selective second-generation MDM2 inhibitor. In response to HDM201 treatment, the percentage of dendritic cells increased, including the CD103+ antigen cross-presenting subset. Furthermore, HDM201 increased the percentage of Tbet+Eomes+ CD8+ T cells and the CD8+/Treg ratio within the tumor. These immunophenotypic changes were eliminated with the knockout of p53 in tumor cells. Enhanced expression of CD80 on tumor cells was observed in vitro and in vivo, which coincided with T-cell-mediated tumor cell killing. Combining HDM201 with PD-1 or PD-L1 blockade increased the number of complete tumor regressions. Responding mice developed durable, antigen-specific memory T cells and rejected subsequent tumor implantation. Importantly, antitumor activity of HDM201 in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade was abrogated in p53-mutated and knockout syngeneic tumor models, indicating the effect of HDM201 on the tumor is required for triggering antitumor immunity. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MDM2 inhibition triggers adaptive immunity, which is further enhanced by blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, thereby providing a rationale for combining MDM2 inhibitors and checkpoint blocking antibodies in patients with wild-type p53 tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides a mechanistic rationale for combining checkpoint blockade immunotherapy with MDM2 inhibitors in patients with wild-type p53 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qin Wang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Iain J Mulford
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Fiona Sharp
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jinsheng Liang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sema Kurtulus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gina Trabucco
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David S Quinn
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tyler A Longmire
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nidhi Patel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Roshani Patil
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew D Shirley
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Chen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Hao Wang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David A Ruddy
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Claire Fabre
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juliet A Williams
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Peter S Hammerman
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Mataraza
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Barbara Platzer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ensar Halilovic
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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