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Zhang XY, Zhu BC, He M, Dong SS. Proto-oncogene c-Myb potentiates cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells by downregulating lncRNA NKILA and modulating cancer stemness and LIN28A-let7 axis. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:102. [PMID: 38745302 PMCID: PMC11092198 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01429-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a major gynecological cancer that has poor prognosis associated mainly to its late diagnosis. Cisplatin is an FDA approved ovarian cancer therapy and even though the therapy is initially promising, the patients mostly progress to resistance against cisplatin. The underlying mechanisms are complex and not very clearly understood. Using two different paired cell lines representing cisplatin-sensitive and the cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells, the ES2 and the A2780 parental and cisplatin-resistant cells, we show an elevated proto-oncogene c-Myb in resistant cells. We further show down-regulated lncRNA NKILA in resistant cells with its de-repression in resistant cells when c-Myb is silenced. NKILA negatively correlates with cancer cell and invasion but has no effect on cellular proliferation or cell cycle. C-Myb activates NF-κB signaling which is inhibited by NKILA. The cisplatin resistant cells are also marked by upregulated stem cell markers, particularly LIN28A and OCT4, and downregulated LIN28A-targeted let-7 family miRNAs. Whereas LIN28A and downregulated let-7s individually de-repress c-Myb-mediated cisplatin resistance, the ectopic expression of let-7s attenuates LIN28A effects, thus underlying a c-Myb-NKILA-LIN28A-let-7 axis in cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells that needs to be further explored for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Bo-Chi Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Shan-Shan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China.
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2
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Biersack B, Höpfner M. Emerging role of MYB transcription factors in cancer drug resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:15. [PMID: 38835346 PMCID: PMC11149108 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Decades ago, the viral myeloblastosis oncogene v-myb was identified as a gene responsible for the development of avian leukemia. However, the relevance of MYB proteins for human cancer diseases, in particular for solid tumors, remained basically unrecognized for a very long time. The human family of MYB transcription factors comprises MYB (c-MYB), MYBL2 (b-MYB), and MYBL1 (a-MYB), which are overexpressed in several cancers and are associated with cancer progression and resistance to anticancer drugs. In addition to overexpression, the presence of activated MYB-fusion proteins as tumor drivers was described in certain cancers. The identification of anticancer drug resistance mediated by MYB proteins and their underlying mechanisms are of great importance in understanding failures of current therapies and establishing new and more efficient therapy regimens. In addition, new drug candidates targeting MYB transcription factor activity and signaling have emerged as a promising class of potential anticancer therapeutics that could tackle MYB-dependent drug-resistant cancers in a more selective way. This review describes the correlation of MYB transcription factors with the formation and persistence of cancer resistance to various approved and investigational anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Institute for Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
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Gao S, Xu J, Song W, Dong J, Xie L, Xu B. Overexpression of BnMYBL2-1 improves plant drought tolerance via the ABA-dependent pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108293. [PMID: 38181638 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major environmental challenge that poses considerable threats to crop survival and growth. Previous research has indicated anthocyanins play a crucial role in alleviating oxidative damage, photoprotection, membrane stabilization, and water retention under drought stress. However, the presence of MYBL2 (MYELOBBLASTOSIS LIKE 2), an R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) which known to suppress anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this study, four BnMYBL2 members were cloned from Brassica napus L, and BnMYBL2-1 was overexpressed in Triticum aestivum L (No BnMYBL2 homologous gene was detected in wheat). Subsequently, the transgenic wheat lines were treated with drought, ABA and anthocyanin. Results showed that transgenic lines exhibited greater drought tolerance compared to the wild-type (WT), characterized by improved leaf water content (LWC), elevated levels of soluble sugars and chlorophyll, and increased antioxidant enzyme activity. Notably, transgenic lines also exhibited significant upregulation in abscisic acid (ABA) content, along with the transcriptional levels of key enzymes involved in ABA signalling under drought. Results also demonstrated that BnMYBL2-1 promoted the accumulation of ABA and anthocyanins in wheat. Overall, the study highlights the positive role of BnMYBL2-1 in enhancing crop drought tolerance through ABA signalling and establishes its close association with anthocyanin biosynthesis. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of drought-resistant crop varieties and enhance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofan Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China
| | - Jinsong Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China; College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China
| | - Wei Song
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Henan, 467036, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Lingli Xie
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China; College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China.
| | - Benbo Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China; College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China.
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4
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Li S, He Q, Chen B, Zeng J, Dou X, Pan Z, Xiao J, Li M, Wang F, Chen C, Lin Y, Wang X, Wang H, Chen J. Cardamonin protects against iron overload induced arthritis by attenuating ROS production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the SIRT1/p38MAPK signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13744. [PMID: 37612419 PMCID: PMC10447427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron homeostasis plays an essential role in joint health, while iron overload can cause damage and death of cartilage cells. Cardamonin (CAR) is a substance found in the fruit of the chasteberry plant and has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. We first administered iron dextran (500 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to establish an iron overload mouse model and surgically induced osteoarthritis. The extent of OA and iron deposition were assessed using Micro-ct, Safranin-O/fast green staining, H&E staining, and Prussian Blue 10 weeks later. We administered primary chondrocytes with Ferric Ammonium Citrate (FAC) to evaluate the chondrocyte changes. Chondrocytes were identified in vitro by toluidine blue staining, and chondrocyte viability was evaluated by CCK-8. The rate of apoptosis was determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay. The mechanism of action of CAR was verified by adding the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527, and the expression of SIRT1 and MAPK signaling pathways was detected by Western blot. Iron overload also promoted chondrocyte apoptosis, a process that was reversed by CAR. In addition, CAR reduced NLRP3 inflammasome production via the SIRT1-MAPK pathway, and the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 inhibited the treatment of OA by CAR.CAR inhibited cartilage degeneration induced by iron overload both in vivo and in vitro. Besides, our study showed that iron overload not only inhibited type II collagen expression but also induced MMP expression by catalyzing the generation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Our results suggest that CAR can treat KOA by promoting SIRT1 expression and inhibiting p38MAPK pathway expression to reduce the production of NLRP3 inflammasome vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaocong Li
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, , Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi He
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, , Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Baihao Chen
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, , Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxu Zeng
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, , Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyun Dou
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, , Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofeng Pan
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, , Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacong Xiao
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, , Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Li
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, , Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanchen Wang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, , Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyi Chen
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, , Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuewei Lin
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, , Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintian Wang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, , Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianfa Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Jichang Road, Baiyun Area, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.
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Moyama C, Fujita M, Okamoto H, Li H, Nakata S. Myb Repression Mediates Stat5b-knockdown-induced Apoptosis and Inhibits Proliferation of Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2023; 20:195-202. [PMID: 36870690 PMCID: PMC9989674 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults, and glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) contribute to treatment resistance and recurrence. Inhibition of Stat5b in GSCs suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms of growth inhibition by Stat5b knockdown (KD) in GSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS GSCs were established from a murine glioblastoma model in which shRNA-p53 and EGFR/Ras mutants were induced in vivo using a Sleeping Beauty transposon system. Microarray analyses were performed on Stat5b-KD GSCs to identify genes that are differentially expressed downstream of Stat5b. RT-qPCR and western blot analyses were used to determine Myb levels in GSCs. Myb-overexpressing GSCs were induced by electroporation. Proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by a trypan blue dye exclusion test and annexin-V staining, respectively. RESULTS MYB, which is involved in the Wnt pathway, was identified as a novel gene whose expression was down-regulated by Stat5b-KD in GSCs. Both MYB mRNA and protein levels were down-regulated by Stat5b-KD. Overexpression of Myb rescued cell proliferation that was suppressed by Stat5b-KD. Furthermore, Stat5b-KD-induced apoptosis in GSCs was significantly inhibited by Myb overexpression. CONCLUSION Down-regulation of Myb mediates Stat5b-KD-induced inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in GSCs. This may represent a promising novel therapeutic strategy against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiami Moyama
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Fujita
- Center for Medical Education and Clinical Training, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamoto
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromi Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakata
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan;
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6
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Fernandes M, Marques H, Teixeira AL, Medeiros R. ceRNA Network of lncRNA/miRNA as Circulating Prognostic Biomarkers in Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Bioinformatic Analysis and Assessment of Their Prognostic Value in an NHL Cohort. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010201. [PMID: 35008626 PMCID: PMC8745130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has been focusing on identifying novel biomarkers to better stratify non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients based on prognosis. Studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs act as miRNA sponges, creating ceRNA networks to regulate mRNA expression, and its deregulation is associated with lymphoma development. This study aimed to identify novel circulating prognostic biomarkers based on miRNA/lncRNA-associated ceRNA network for NHL. Herein, bioinformatic analysis was performed to construct ceRNA networks for hsa-miR-150-5p and hsa-miR335-5p. Then, the prognostic value of the miRNA–lncRNA pairs’ plasma levels was assessed in a cohort of 113 NHL patients. Bioinformatic analysis identified MALAT1 and NEAT1 as hsa-miR-150-5p and has-miR-335-5p sponges, respectively. Plasma hsa-miR-150-5p/MALAT1 and hsa-miR335-5p/NEAT1 levels were significantly associated with more aggressive and advanced disease. The overall survival and progression-free survival analysis indicated that hsa-miR-150-5p/MALAT1 and hsa-miR335-5p/NEAT1 pairs’ plasma levels were remarkably associated with NHL patients’ prognosis, being independent prognostic factors in a multivariate Cox analysis. Low levels of hsa-miR-150-5p and hsa-miR-335-5p combined with high levels of the respective lncRNA pair were associated with poor prognosis of NHL patients. Overall, the analysis of ceRNA network expression levels may be a useful prognostic biomarker for NHL patients and could identify patients who could benefit from more intensive treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cohort Studies
- Computational Biology
- Disease-Free Survival
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/blood
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- MicroRNAs/blood
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Prognosis
- RNA, Long Noncoding/blood
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Fernandes
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (M.F.); (A.L.T.)
- Research Department of the Portuguese League against Cancer Regional Nucleus of the North (LPCC-NRN), 4200-177 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Herlander Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal
- CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (M.F.); (A.L.T.)
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (M.F.); (A.L.T.)
- Research Department of the Portuguese League against Cancer Regional Nucleus of the North (LPCC-NRN), 4200-177 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences of Fernando Pessoa University (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-084-000 (ext. 5414)
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7
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Yadav M, Liu J, Song F, Mo X, Jacob NR, Xu-Welliver M, Chakravarti A, Jacob NK. Utility of circulating microRNA-150 for rapid evaluation of bone marrow depletion after radiation, and efficiency of bone marrow reconstitution. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 112:964-974. [PMID: 34767935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.10.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Total body irradiation (TBI) is a common myeloablative preparative regimen used in acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia patients prior to allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The inefficient clearance of tumor cells and radiation-induced toxicity to normal tissues is attributed to relapse and morbidity in a significant fraction of patients. Developing biomarkers that provide an individual's physiological response to radiation will allow personalized treatment and follow-up. We investigated the utility of circulating microRNA150-5p (miR150) for evaluation of radiation dose response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Age-, gender-, and strain-matched wild type and miR150 null (knock out, KO) mice were subjected to TBI and evaluated for the impact of circulating miR150 expression on survival and hematological endpoints. Dose- and time-dependent changes of the miR150 level in bone marrow were assessed using flow cytometry. The functional roles of miR150 in cellular response to radiation were evaluated using apoptosis assay. miR150 expression in leukemic cell lines and in blood collected from leukemia patients with diverse outcomes were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Absence of miR150 in mice conferred resistance to radiation injury and resulted in accelerated recovery of lymphoid and myeloid cells after ablative or partially ablative TBI in mice. Overexpression of miR150 resulted in a higher percentage of cells at G2/M phases of cell cycle which is associated with increased sensitivity and susceptibility to apoptotic cell death after radiation. Levels of circulating miR150 were found to be decreased after radiation in leukemia patients and exhibited an inverse correlation with recurrence. CONCLUSION Current study demonstrates the utility of a miR150-based blood test for rapid evaluation of the efficiency of marrow ablation and recovery following radiation and HSCT. The internally controlled blood test will potentially provide near real-time evaluation of functional marrow that will allow optimal dosing based on an individual's physiological response to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshleen Yadav
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joseph Liu
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Feifei Song
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nitya R Jacob
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Meng Xu-Welliver
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Naduparambil K Jacob
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
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8
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Cho S, Dong J, Lu LF. Cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic roles of miRNAs in regulating T cell immunity. Immunol Rev 2021; 304:126-140. [PMID: 34549446 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T cells are crucial to generate an effective response against numerous invading microbial pathogens and play a pivotal role in tumor surveillance and elimination. However, unwanted T cell activation can also lead to deleterious immune-mediated inflammation and tissue damage. To ensure that an optimal T cell response can be established, each step, beginning from T cell development in the thymus to their activation and function in the periphery, is tightly regulated by many transcription factors and epigenetic regulators including microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we first summarize recent progress in identifying major immune regulatory miRNAs in controlling the differentiation and function of distinct T cell subsets. Moreover, as emerging evidence has demonstrated that miRNAs can impact T cell immunity through targeting both immune- and non-immune cell populations that T cells closely interact with, the T cell-extrinsic role of miRNAs in regulating different aspects of T cell biology is also addressed. Finally, we discuss the complex nature of miRNA-mediated control of T cell immunity and highlight important questions that remain to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunglim Cho
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jiayi Dong
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Li-Fan Lu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
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9
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Labarta-Bajo L, Zúñiga EI. BAtCHing stem-like T cells during exhaustion. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:274-276. [PMID: 33627884 PMCID: PMC9258450 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Long-term pathogen and tumor control as well as checkpoint immunotherapies rely on ‘stem-like’ CD8+ T cells. New results uncover BACH2 as a key regulator of this subpopulation and solve an important piece of the puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Labarta-Bajo
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elina I Zúñiga
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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10
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MYB oncoproteins: emerging players and potential therapeutic targets in human cancer. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:19. [PMID: 33637673 PMCID: PMC7910556 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
MYB transcription factors are highly conserved from plants to vertebrates, indicating that their functions embrace fundamental mechanisms in the biology of cells and organisms. In humans, the MYB gene family is composed of three members: MYB, MYBL1 and MYBL2, encoding the transcription factors MYB, MYBL1, and MYBL2 (also known as c-MYB, A-MYB, and B-MYB), respectively. A truncated version of MYB, the prototype member of the MYB family, was originally identified as the product of the retroviral oncogene v-myb, which causes leukaemia in birds. This led to the hypothesis that aberrant activation of vertebrate MYB could also cause cancer. Despite more than three decades have elapsed since the isolation of v-myb, only recently investigators were able to detect MYB genes rearrangements and mutations, smoking gun evidence of the involvement of MYB family members in human cancer. In this review, we will highlight studies linking the activity of MYB family members to human malignancies and experimental therapeutic interventions tailored for MYB-expressing cancers.
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11
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Valandro F, Menguer PK, Cabreira-Cagliari C, Margis-Pinheiro M, Cagliari A. Programmed cell death (PCD) control in plants: New insights from the Arabidopsis thaliana deathosome. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 299:110603. [PMID: 32900441 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically controlled process that leads to cell suicide in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. In plants PCD occurs during development, defence response and when exposed to adverse conditions. PCD acts controlling the number of cells by eliminating damaged, old, or unnecessary cells to maintain cellular homeostasis. Unlike in animals, the knowledge about PCD in plants is limited. The molecular network that controls plant PCD is poorly understood. Here we present a review of the current mechanisms involved with the genetic control of PCD in plants. We also present an updated version of the AtLSD1 deathosome, which was previously proposed as a network controlling HR-mediated cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana. Finally, we discuss the unclear points and open questions related to the AtLSD1 deathosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Valandro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | - Paloma Koprovski Menguer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandro Cagliari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), RS, Brazil.
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12
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Wu J, Jiang Y, Liang Y, Chen L, Chen W, Cheng B. Expression of the maize MYB transcription factor ZmMYB3R enhances drought and salt stress tolerance in transgenic plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 137:179-188. [PMID: 30798172 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
MYB proteins are major transcription factors that play significant roles in plant defenses against various stresses. However, available information regarding stress-related MYB genes in maize is minimal. Herein, a maize MYB gene, ZmMYB3R, was cloned and functionally characterized. Subcellular localisation analysis showed that ZmMYB3R is localised to the nucleus. Yeast one-hybrid results revealed that ZmMYB3R has trans-activation activity, and a minimal activation domain at the C-terminus spanning residues 217-563. Gene expression analysis suggested that ZmMYB3R was induced by drought, salt and abscisic acid (ABA). Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing ZmMYB3R displayed enhanced growth performance and higher survival rates, elevated catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities, increased sensitivity to ABA, and regulation of the stomatal aperture, suggesting that ZmMYB3R enhances tolerance to drought and salt stress. qRT-PCR assays revealed elevated expression levels of stress/ABA genes in transgenic plants following stress treatments. Moreover, transgenic plants accumulated higher ABA content than wild-type plants under drought and salt stress conditions. Collectively, these results indicate that ZmMYB3R is a positive transcription factor that enhances tolerance to drought and salt stress via an ABA-dependent pathway. The findings may prove useful for engineering economically important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yingli Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yani Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Long Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
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13
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Volpe G, Cauchy P, Walton DS, Ward C, Blakemore D, Bayley R, Clarke ML, Schmidt L, Nerlov C, Garcia P, Dumon S, Grebien F, Frampton J. Dependence on Myb expression is attenuated in myeloid leukaemia with N-terminal CEBPA mutations. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/2/e201800207. [PMID: 30877232 PMCID: PMC6421631 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that for acute myeloid leukaemias with CEBPA mutations, the dependency of leukaemia growth and differentiation on the Myb transcription factor is related to the combination of N- and C-terminal mutations involved and how this affects overall gene expression. Mutations at the N- or C-terminus of C/EBPα are frequent in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with normal karyotype. Here, we investigate the role of the transcription factor Myb in AMLs driven by different combinations of CEBPA mutations. Using knockdown of Myb in murine cell lines modelling the spectrum of CEBPA mutations, we show that the effect of reduced Myb depends on the mutational status of the two Cebpa alleles. Importantly, Myb knockdown fails to override the block in myeloid differentiation in cells with biallelic N-terminal C/EBPα mutations, demonstrating for the first time that the dependency on Myb is much lower in AML with this mutational profile. By comparing gene expression following Myb knockdown and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data for the binding of C/EBPα isoforms, we provide evidence for a functional cooperation between C/EBPα and Myb in the maintenance of AML. This co-dependency breaks down when both alleles of CEBPA harbour N-terminal mutations, as a subset of C/EBPα-regulated genes only bind the short p30 C/EBPα isoform and, unlike other C/EBPα-regulated genes, do so without a requirement for Myb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Volpe
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK .,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pierre Cauchy
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David S Walton
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carl Ward
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daniel Blakemore
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachael Bayley
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mary L Clarke
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Luisa Schmidt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Nerlov
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paloma Garcia
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stéphanie Dumon
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Florian Grebien
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jon Frampton
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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14
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Gautam S, Fioravanti J, Zhu W, Le Gall JB, Brohawn P, Lacey NE, Hu J, Hocker JD, Hawk NV, Kapoor V, Telford WG, Gurusamy D, Yu Z, Bhandoola A, Xue HH, Roychoudhuri R, Higgs BW, Restifo NP, Bender TP, Ji Y, Gattinoni L. The transcription factor c-Myb regulates CD8 + T cell stemness and antitumor immunity. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:337-349. [PMID: 30778251 PMCID: PMC6489499 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are maintained by transcriptional programs that promote self-renewal and repress differentiation. Here, we found that the transcription factor c-Myb was essential for generating and maintaining stem cells in the CD8+ T cell memory compartment. Following viral infection, CD8+ T cells lacking Myb underwent terminal differentiation and generated fewer stem cell-like central memory cells than did Myb-sufficient T cells. c-Myb acted both as a transcriptional activator of Tcf7 (which encodes the transcription factor Tcf1) to enhance memory development and as a repressor of Zeb2 (which encodes the transcription factor Zeb2) to hinder effector differentiation. Domain-mutagenesis experiments revealed that the transactivation domain of c-Myb was necessary for restraining differentiation, whereas its negative regulatory domain was critical for cell survival. Myb overexpression enhanced CD8+ T cell memory formation, polyfunctionality and recall responses that promoted curative antitumor immunity after adoptive transfer. These findings identify c-Myb as a pivotal regulator of CD8+ T cell stemness and highlight its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjivan Gautam
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Fioravanti
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - John B Le Gall
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Neal E Lacey
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinhui Hu
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James D Hocker
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nga Voong Hawk
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Veena Kapoor
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William G Telford
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Devikala Gurusamy
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhiya Yu
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Avinash Bhandoola
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Rahul Roychoudhuri
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nicholas P Restifo
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy P Bender
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yun Ji
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cellular Biomedicine Group, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Luca Gattinoni
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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15
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Chen Z, Stelekati E, Kurachi M, Yu S, Cai Z, Manne S, Khan O, Yang X, Wherry EJ. miR-150 Regulates Memory CD8 T Cell Differentiation via c-Myb. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2584-2597. [PMID: 28903040 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play an important role in T cell responses. However, how microRNAs regulate CD8 T cell memory remains poorly defined. Here, we found that miR-150 negatively regulates CD8 T cell memory in vivo. Genetic deletion of miR-150 disrupted the balance between memory precursor and terminal effector CD8 T cells following acute viral infection. Moreover, miR-150-deficient memory CD8 T cells were more protective upon rechallenge. A key circuit whereby miR-150 repressed memory CD8 T cell development through the transcription factor c-Myb was identified. Without miR-150, c-Myb was upregulated and anti-apoptotic targets of c-Myb, such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, were also increased, suggesting a miR-150-c-Myb survival circuit during memory CD8 T cell development. Indeed, overexpression of non-repressible c-Myb rescued the memory CD8 T cell defects caused by overexpression of miR-150. Overall, these results identify a key role for miR-150 in memory CD8 T cells through a c-Myb-controlled enhanced survival circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Chen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erietta Stelekati
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Makoto Kurachi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sixiang Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhangying Cai
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Omar Khan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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16
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Zhou Y, Leng X, He Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zou Q, Shi G, Wang Y. Loss of Perp in T Cells Promotes Resistance to Apoptosis of T Helper 17 Cells and Exacerbates the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:842. [PMID: 29740445 PMCID: PMC5925960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells are crucial for the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in animals. High frequency of Th17 cells and low sensitivity to activation-induced cell death (AICD) are detected in MS patients. However, the mechanisms underlying apoptosis resistance of T cells remain unclear. Perp is an apoptosis-associated target of p53 and implicated in the development of cancers. Here, we show that loss of Perp in T cells does not affect Th1, Th17, or Treg cell differentiation, but does significantly increase the resistance of Perp-/- Th17 cells to AICD and anti-Fas in Lck-Cre × Perpfl/fl mice by inhibiting the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. Moreover, Lck-Cre × Perpfl/fl mice exhibited earlier onset of EAE and severe spinal cord inflammation and demyelination, accompanied by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enlarged population of Th17 cells. Therefore, Perp deletion promoted Th17 responses and exacerbated the development and severity of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital and Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Leng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Guixiu Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Guixiu Shi, ; Yantang Wang,
| | - Yantang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Guixiu Shi, ; Yantang Wang,
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17
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De Dominici M, Porazzi P, Soliera AR, Mariani SA, Addya S, Fortina P, Peterson LF, Spinelli O, Rambaldi A, Martinelli G, Ferrari A, Iacobucci I, Calabretta B. Targeting CDK6 and BCL2 Exploits the "MYB Addiction" of Ph + Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancer Res 2017; 78:1097-1109. [PMID: 29233926 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) is currently treated with BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in combination with chemotherapy. However, most patients develop resistance to TKI through BCR-ABL1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Newly developed TKI can target Ph+ ALL cells with BCR-ABL1-dependent resistance; however, overcoming BCR-ABL1-independent mechanisms of resistance remains challenging because transcription factors, which are difficult to inhibit, are often involved. We show here that (i) the growth of Ph+ ALL cell lines and primary cells is highly dependent on MYB-mediated transcriptional upregulation of CDK6, cyclin D3, and BCL2, and (ii) restoring their expression in MYB-silenced Ph+ ALL cells rescues their impaired proliferation and survival. Levels of MYB and CDK6 were highly correlated in adult Ph+ ALL (P = 0.00008). Moreover, Ph+ ALL cells exhibited a specific requirement for CDK6 but not CDK4 expression, most likely because, in these cells, CDK6 was predominantly localized in the nucleus, whereas CDK4 was almost exclusively cytoplasmic. Consistent with their essential role in Ph+ ALL, pharmacologic inhibition of CDK6 and BCL2 markedly suppressed proliferation, colony formation, and survival of Ph+ ALL cells ex vivo and in mice. In summary, these findings provide a proof-of-principle, rational strategy to target the MYB "addiction" of Ph+ ALL.Significance: MYB blockade can suppress Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia in mice, suggesting that this therapeutic strategy may be useful in patients who develop resistance to imatinib and other TKIs used to treat this disease. Cancer Res; 78(4); 1097-109. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Dominici
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrizia Porazzi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Angela Rachele Soliera
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Samanta A Mariani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sankar Addya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Luke F Peterson
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Orietta Spinelli
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Department of Hematology and Istituto L. and E. Seragnoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrari
- Department of Hematology and Istituto L. and E. Seragnoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Department of Hematology and Istituto L. and E. Seragnoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bruno Calabretta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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18
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Collin R, St-Pierre C, Guilbault L, Mullins-Dansereau V, Policheni A, Guimont-Desrochers F, Pelletier AN, Gray DH, Drobetsky E, Perreault C, Hillhouse EE, Lesage S. An Unbiased Linkage Approach Reveals That the p53 Pathway Is Coupled to NK Cell Maturation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1490-1504. [PMID: 28710252 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer cells constitute potent innate lymphoid cells that play a major role in both tumor immunosurveillance and viral clearance via their effector functions. A four-stage model of NK cell functional maturation has been established according to the expression of CD11b and CD27, separating mature NK (mNK) cells into distinct populations that exhibit specific phenotypic and functional properties. To identify genetic factors involved in the regulation of NK cell functional maturation, we performed a linkage analysis on F2 (B6.Rag1-/- × NOD.Rag1-/- intercross) mice. We identified six loci on chromosomes 2, 4, 7, 10, 11, and 18 that were linked to one or more mNK cell subsets. Subsequently, we performed an in silico analysis exploiting mNK cell subset microarray data, highlighting various genes and microRNAs as potential regulators of the functional maturation of NK cells. Together, the combination of our unbiased genetic linkage study and the in silico analysis positions genes known to affect NK cell biology along the specific stages of NK cell functional maturation. Moreover, this approach allowed us to uncover a novel candidate gene in the regulation of NK cell maturation, namely Trp53 Using mice deficient for Trp53, we confirm that this tumor suppressor regulates NK cell functional maturation. Additional candidate genes revealed in this study may eventually serve as targets for the modulation of NK cell functional maturation to potentiate both tumor immunosurveillance and viral clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Collin
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Charles St-Pierre
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Lorie Guilbault
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Victor Mullins-Dansereau
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Antonia Policheni
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; and.,Department of Medical Biology, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Fanny Guimont-Desrochers
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Adam-Nicolas Pelletier
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Daniel H Gray
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; and.,Department of Medical Biology, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Elliot Drobetsky
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Claude Perreault
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Erin E Hillhouse
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada;
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada; .,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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19
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Lourenço AR, Coffer PJ. SOX4: Joining the Master Regulators of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition? Trends Cancer 2017; 3:571-582. [PMID: 28780934 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important developmental program exploited by cancer cells to gain mesenchymal features. Transcription factors globally regulating processes during EMT are often referred as 'master regulators' of EMT, and include members of the Snail and ZEB transcription factor families. The SRY-related HMG box (SOX) 4 transcription factor can promote tumorigenesis by endowing cells with migratory and invasive properties, stemness, and resistance to apoptosis, thereby regulating key aspects of the EMT program. We propose here that SOX4 should also be considered as a master regulator of EMT, and we review the molecular mechanisms underlying its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Lourenço
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 6, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Coffer
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 6, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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20
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Yu X, Liu W, Fan Z, Qian F, Zhang D, Han Y, Xu L, Sun G, Qi J, Zhang S, Tang M, Li J, Chai R, Wang H. c-Myb knockdown increases the neomycin-induced damage to hair-cell-like HEI-OC1 cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41094. [PMID: 28112219 PMCID: PMC5253735 DOI: 10.1038/srep41094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Myb is a transcription factor that plays a key role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. It has been reported that c-Myb is expressed within the chicken otic placode, but whether c-Myb exists in the mammalian cochlea, and how it exerts its effects, has not been explored yet. Here, we investigated the expression of c-Myb in the postnatal mouse cochlea and HEI-OC1 cells and found that c-Myb was expressed in the hair cells (HCs) of mouse cochlea as well as in cultured HEI-OC1 cells. Next, we demonstrated that c-Myb expression was decreased in response to neomycin treatment in both cochlear HCs and HEI-OC1 cells, suggesting an otoprotective role for c-Myb. We then knocked down c-Myb expression with shRNA transfection in HEI-OC1 cells and found that c-Myb knockdown decreased cell viability, increased expression of pro-apoptotic factors, and enhanced cell apoptosis after neomycin insult. Mechanistic studies revealed that c-Myb knockdown increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species and decreased Bcl-2 expression, both of which are likely to be responsible for the increased sensitivity of c-Myb knockdown cells to neomycin. This study provides evidence that c-Myb might serve as a new target for the prevention of aminoglycoside-induced HC loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yu
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaomin Fan
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuping Qian
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Daogong Zhang
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuechen Han
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gaoying Sun
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China
| | - Jieyu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, China
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21
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Opposing regulation of BIM and BCL2 controls glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Blood 2014; 125:273-83. [PMID: 25336632 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-05-576470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are critical components of combination chemotherapy regimens in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The proapoptotic BIM protein is an important mediator of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in normal and malignant lymphocytes, whereas the antiapoptotic BCL2 confers resistance. The signaling pathways regulating BIM and BCL2 expression in glucocorticoid-treated lymphoid cells remain unclear. In this study, pediatric ALL patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) inherently sensitive or resistant to glucocorticoids were exposed to dexamethasone in vivo. Microarray analysis showed that KLF13 and MYB gene expression changes were significantly greater in dexamethasone-sensitive than -resistant PDXs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis detected glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding at the KLF13 promoter to trigger KLF13 expression only in sensitive PDXs. Next, KLF13 bound to the MYB promoter, deactivating MYB expression only in sensitive PDXs. Sustained MYB expression in resistant PDXs resulted in maintenance of BCL2 expression and inhibition of apoptosis. ChIP sequencing analysis revealed a novel GR binding site in a BIM intronic region (IGR) that was engaged only in dexamethasone-sensitive PDXs. The absence of GR binding at the BIM IGR was associated with BIM silencing and dexamethasone resistance. This study has identified novel mechanisms of opposing BCL2 and BIM gene regulation that control glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in pediatric ALL cells in vivo.
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22
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Brumatti G, Salmanidis M, Kok CH, Bilardi RA, Sandow JJ, Silke N, Mason K, Visser J, Jabbour AM, Glaser SP, Okamoto T, Bouillet P, D'Andrea RJ, Ekert PG. HoxA9 regulated Bcl-2 expression mediates survival of myeloid progenitors and the severity of HoxA9-dependent leukemia. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1933-47. [PMID: 24177192 PMCID: PMC3875760 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated expression of Hox genes such as HoxA9 is associated with development of myeloproliferative disorders and leukemia and indicates a poor prognosis. To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which HoxA9 promotes immortalization of hematopoietic cells, we generated growth factor dependent myeloid cells in which HoxA9 expression is regulated by administration of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen. Maintenance of HoxA9 overexpression is required for continued cell survival and proliferation, even in the presence of growth factors. We show for the first time that maintenance of Bcl-2 expression is critical for HoxA9-dependent immortalization and influences the latency of HoxA9-dependent leukemia. Hematopoietic cells lacking Bcl-2 were not immortalized by HoxA9 in vitro. Furthermore, deletion of Bcl-2 delayed the onset and reduced the severity of HoxA9/Meis1 and MLL-AF9 leukemias. This is the first description of a molecular link between HoxA9 and the regulation of Bcl-2 family members in acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Brumatti
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Australia
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23
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de Candia P, Torri A, Pagani M, Abrignani S. Serum microRNAs as Biomarkers of Human Lymphocyte Activation in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2014; 5:43. [PMID: 24575093 PMCID: PMC3918657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of the adaptive immune system is evaluated mostly by assessment of serum antibody titers and T lymphocyte responses in peripheral blood, although T and B cell activation occurs in lymphoid tissues. In recent years, the release of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the extra-cellular environment has been exploited to assess cell functions at distance via measurement of serum miRNAs. Activated lymphocytes release a large amount of nano-sized vesicles (exosomes), containing miRNA, however there are insufficient data to determine whether this phenomenon is reflected in modulation of serum miRNAs. Interestingly, miRNA signatures of CD4+ T cell-derived exosomes are substantially different from intracellular miRNA signatures of the same cells. We have recently identified serum circulating miR-150 as a sensor of general lymphocyte activation and we strongly believe that miRNAs differentially released by specific CD4+ effector T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg) may serve as serum biomarkers of their elicitation in lymphoid tissues but also in damaged tissues, potentially providing clinically relevant information about the nature of immune responses in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola de Candia
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milan , Italy
| | - Anna Torri
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milan , Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pagani
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milan , Italy
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milan , Italy
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24
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Miura Y, Kataoka H, Joh T, Tada T, Asai K, Nakanishi M, Okada N, Okada H. Susceptibility to Killer T Cells of Gastric Cancer Cells Enhanced by Mitomycin-C Involves Induction of ATBF1 and Activation of p21 (Waf1/Cip1) Promoter. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 48:137-45. [PMID: 14978340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03491.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) expression is observed in embryonic tissues and, the expression of this protein is absent in normal adult tissues. The re-elevation of serum AFP strongly suggests generation of a malignant tumor in an adult. We demonstrated here that AFP-producing gastric cancer (AFP-gastric cancer) could be treated by a combination therapy with a low dose of Mitomycin-C (MMC) and lymphokineactivated killer T (LAK-T) cells. Treatment with MMC of AFP-gastric cancer cells enhanced their susceptibility to LAK-T cells and induced ATBF1 gene expression. We revealed here a novel signal pathway for regulation of the cell cycle of AFP-gastric cancer cells through ATBF1, which enhances the promoter activity of the p21 (Waf1/Cip1) gene. Immunoprecipitation revealed the direct interaction between ATBF1 and p53. Overexpressed ATBF1 stimulated p21 (Waf1/Cip1) promoter activity up to 4-fold compared with basal activity. The expression level of ATBF1 mRNA was doubled by MMC (0.05 microg/ml) treatment. The MMC treatment and ATBF1 overexpression synergistically activated the p21 (Waf1/Cip1) promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner up to 7-fold compared with basal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Miura
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
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25
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de Candia P, Torri A, Gorletta T, Fedeli M, Bulgheroni E, Cheroni C, Marabita F, Crosti M, Moro M, Pariani E, Romanò L, Esposito S, Mosca F, Rossetti G, Rossi RL, Geginat J, Casorati G, Dellabona P, Pagani M, Abrignani S. Intracellular modulation, extracellular disposal and serum increase of MiR-150 mark lymphocyte activation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75348. [PMID: 24205408 PMCID: PMC3805464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated lymphocytes release nano-sized vesicles (exosomes) containing microRNAs that can be monitored in the bloodstream. We asked whether elicitation of immune responses is followed by release of lymphocyte-specific microRNAs. We found that, upon activation in vitro, human and mouse lymphocytes down-modulate intracellular miR-150 and accumulate it in exosomes. In vivo, miR-150 levels increased significantly in serum of humans immunized with flu vaccines and in mice immunized with ovalbumin, and this increase correlated with elevation of antibody titers. Immunization of immune-deficient mice, lacking MHCII, resulted neither in antibody production nor in elevation of circulating miR-150. This study provides proof of concept that serum microRNAs can be detected, with minimally invasive procedure, as biomarkers of vaccination and more in general of adaptive immune responses. Furthermore, the prompt reduction of intracellular level of miR-150, a key regulator of mRNAs critical for lymphocyte differentiation and functions, linked to its release in the external milieu suggests that the selective extracellular disposal of microRNAs can be a rapid way to regulate gene expression during lymphocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola de Candia
- INGM (Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare), Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (PD); (MP); (SA)
| | - Anna Torri
- INGM (Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maya Fedeli
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Monica Moro
- INGM (Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare), Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Pariani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Romanò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic 1, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- NICU and Neonatology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Jens Geginat
- INGM (Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare), Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pagani
- INGM (Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare), Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (PD); (MP); (SA)
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- INGM (Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare), Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (PD); (MP); (SA)
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26
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Huang Y, Jiang Y, Lu W, Zhang Y. Nemo-like kinase associated with proliferation and apoptosis by c-Myb degradation in breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69148. [PMID: 23935942 PMCID: PMC3720543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nemo-like kinase (NLK), a mediator of the Wnt signaling pathway, binds directly to c-Myb, leading to its phosphorylation, ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. NLK was significantly downregulated in the breast cancer tissues compared to corresponding normal tissues. NLK expression was negatively correlated with c-Myb expression. NLK suppressed proliferation, induced apoptosis and mediated c-Myb degradation in MCF-7 cells via a mechanism that seems to involve c-myc and Bcl2. These findings might provide a novel target for therapeutic intervention in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Huang
- Department of Tumor Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Weiqi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Carey KT, Tan KH, Ng J, Liddicoat DR, Godfrey DI, Cole TJ. Nfil3 is a glucocorticoid-regulated gene required for glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in male murine T cells. Endocrinology 2013; 154:1540-52. [PMID: 23425966 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) have essential roles in the regulation of development, integrated metabolism, and immune and neurological responses, and act primarily via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In most cells, GC treatment results in down-regulation of GR mRNA and protein levels via negative feedback mechanisms. However, in GC-treated thymocytes, GR protein levels are maintained at a high level, increasing sensitivity of thymocytes to GCs, resulting in apoptosis termed glucocorticoid-induced cell death (GICD). CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive thymocytes and thymic natural killer T cells in particular are highly sensitive to GICD. Although GICD is exploited via the use of synthetic GC analogues in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies, the intracellular molecular pathway of GICD is not well understood. To explore GICD in thymocytes, the authors performed whole genome expression microarray analysis in mouse GR exon 2 null vs wild-type thymus RNA 3 hours after dexamethasone treatment. Identified and validated direct GR targets included P21 and Bim, in addition to an important transcriptional regulator Nfil3, which previously has been associated with GICD and is essential for natural killer cell development in vivo. Immunostaining of NFIL3 in whole thymus localized NFIL3 primarily to the medullary region, and double labeling colocalized NFIL3 to apoptotic cells. In silico analysis revealed a putative GC response element 5 kb upstream of the Nfil3 promoter that is strongly conserved in the rat genome and was confirmed to bind GR by chromatin immunoprecipitation. The knockdown of Nfil3 mRNA levels to 20% of normal using specific small interfering RNAs abrogated GICD, indicating that NFIL3 is required for normal GICD in CTLL-2 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstyn T Carey
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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28
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Ye P, Zhao L, Gonda TJ. The MYB oncogene can suppress apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells by transcriptional repression of DRAK2 expression. Leuk Res 2013; 37:595-601. [PMID: 23398943 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference-mediated suppression of MYB expression promoted apoptosis in the AML cell line U937, without affecting expression of the anti-apoptotic MYB target BCL2. This was accompanied by up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic gene DRAK2 and stimulation of caspase-9 activity. Moreover, RNA interference-mediated suppression of DRAK2 in U937 cells alleviated apoptosis induced by MYB down-regulation. Finally ChIP assays showed that in U937 cells MYB binds to a conserved element upstream of the DRAK2 transcription start site. Together, these findings identify a novel mechanism by which MYB suppresses apoptosis in an AML model cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ye
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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29
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Manzotti G, Mariani SA, Corradini F, Bussolari R, Cesi V, Vergalli J, Ferrari-Amorotti G, Fragliasso V, Soliera AR, Cattelani S, Raschellà G, Holyoake TL, Calabretta B. Expression of p89(c-Mybex9b), an alternatively spliced form of c-Myb, is required for proliferation and survival of p210BCR/ABL-expressing cells. Blood Cancer J 2012; 2:e71. [PMID: 22829973 PMCID: PMC3366069 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2012.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Myb gene encodes the p75c-Myb isoform and less-abundant proteins generated by alternatively spliced transcripts. Among these, the best known is pc-Mybex9b, which contains 121 additional amino acids between exon 9 and 10, in a domain involved in protein–protein interactions and negative regulation. In hematopoietic cells, expression of pc-Mybex9b accounts for 10–15% of total c-Myb; these levels may be biologically relevant because modest changes in c-Myb expression affects proliferation and survival of leukemic cells and lineage choice and frequency of normal hematopoietic progenitors. In this study, we assessed biochemical activities of pc-Mybex9b and the consequences of perturbing its expression in K562 and primary chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) progenitor cells. Compared with p75c-Myb, pc-Mybex9b is more stable and more effective in transactivating Myb-regulated promoters. Ectopic expression of pc-Mybex9b enhanced proliferation and colony formation and reduced imatinib (IM) sensitivity of K562 cells; conversely, specific downregulation of pc-Mybex9b reduced proliferation and colony formation, enhanced IM sensitivity of K562 cells and markedly suppressed colony formation of CML CD34+ cells, without affecting the levels of p75c-Myb. Together, these studies indicate that expression of the low-abundance pc-Mybex9b isoform has an important role for the overall biological effects of c-Myb in BCR/ABL-transformed cells.
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30
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Srivastava SK, Bhardwaj A, Singh S, Arora S, McClellan S, Grizzle WE, Reed E, Singh AP. Myb overexpression overrides androgen depletion-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, and confers aggressive malignant traits: potential role in castration resistance. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1149-57. [PMID: 22431717 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myb, a cellular progenitor of v-Myb oncogenes, is amplified in prostate cancer and exhibits greater amplification frequency in hormone-refractory disease. Here, we have investigated the functional significance of Myb in prostate cancer. Our studies demonstrate Myb expression in all prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, C4-2, PC3 and DU145) examined, whereas it is negligibly expressed in normal/benign prostate epithelial cells (RWPE1 and RWPE2). Notably, Myb is significantly upregulated, both at transcript (>60-fold) and protein (>15-fold) levels, in castration-resistant (C4-2) cells as compared with androgen-dependent (LNCaP) prostate cancer cells of the same genotypic lineage. Using loss and gain of function approaches, we demonstrate that Myb promotes and sustains cell cycle progression and survival under androgen-supplemented and -deprived conditions, respectively, through induction of cyclins (A1, D1 and E1), Bcl-xL and Bcl2 and downregulation of p27 and Bax. Interestingly, Myb overexpression is also associated with enhanced prostate-specific antigen expression. Furthermore, our data show a role of Myb in enhanced motility and invasion and decreased homotypic interactions of prostate cancer cells. Myb overexpression is also associated with actin reorganization leading to the formation of filopodia-like cellular protrusions. Immunoblot analyses demonstrate gain of mesenchymal and loss of epithelial markers and vice versa, in Myb-overexpressing LNCaP and -silenced C4-2 cells, respectively, indicating a role of Myb in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Altogether, our studies provide first experimental evidence for a functional role of Myb in growth and malignant behavior of prostate cancer cells and suggest a novel mechanism for castration resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev K Srivastava
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604-1405, USA
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31
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Detection of vaccinia virus-specific IFNγ and IL-10 secretion from human PBMCs and CD8⁺ T cells by ELISPOT. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 792:199-218. [PMID: 21956512 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-325-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput in vitro assays, which rapidly and succinctly assess the immune status of large cohorts of individuals, are essential tools for conducting population-based studies, including vaccine research. The enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay has emerged as a sensitive, reliable high-throughput tool to measure functional recall immunity by assessing the frequency of antigen-specific cytokine-secreting lymphocytes present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). For the past 10 years, ELISPOT method has been the dominant platform and a standard for the cell-mediated immune (CMI) assays. ELISPOT assays are used extensively as a measure of CMI response to vaccines, including smallpox (vaccinia), following primary or secondary vaccination. Here, we present detailed methodology for using ELISPOT assays to detect the frequency of cytokine secreting vaccinia-specific lymphocytes including optimized protocols for growing, titrating, and inactivating vaccinia virus; isolating, cryopreserving, and thawing human PBMCs; and finally, detecting vaccinia-specific IL-10 and IFNγ secreting lymphocytes, as well as CD8(+) IFNγ T cells following in vitro stimulation of PBMCs with vaccinia virus. The methods presented below, although optimized for vaccinia virus, emphasize principles that can be generally applied to create ELISPOT assays capable of assessing the immune status as well as antiviral CD8(+) T cell response of individuals following primary or secondary vaccination with other licensed or novel vaccines.
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32
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Zhao L, Glazov EA, Pattabiraman DR, Al-Owaidi F, Zhang P, Brown MA, Leo PJ, Gonda TJ. Integrated genome-wide chromatin occupancy and expression analyses identify key myeloid pro-differentiation transcription factors repressed by Myb. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:4664-79. [PMID: 21317192 PMCID: PMC3113568 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain insight into the mechanisms by which the Myb transcription factor controls normal hematopoiesis and particularly, how it contributes to leukemogenesis, we mapped the genome-wide occupancy of Myb by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-Seq) in ERMYB myeloid progenitor cells. By integrating the genome occupancy data with whole genome expression profiling data, we identified a Myb-regulated transcriptional program. Gene signatures for leukemia stem cells, normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and myeloid development were overrepresented in 2368 Myb regulated genes. Of these, Myb bound directly near or within 793 genes. Myb directly activates some genes known critical in maintaining hematopoietic stem cells, such as Gfi1 and Cited2. Importantly, we also show that, despite being usually considered as a transactivator, Myb also functions to repress approximately half of its direct targets, including several key regulators of myeloid differentiation, such as Sfpi1 (also known as Pu.1), Runx1, Junb and Cebpb. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that interaction with p300, an established coactivator for Myb, is unexpectedly required for Myb-mediated transcriptional repression. We propose that the repression of the above mentioned key pro-differentiation factors may contribute essentially to Myb's ability to suppress differentiation and promote self-renewal, thus maintaining progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state and promoting leukemic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas J. Gonda
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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A 12-gene genomic instability signature predicts clinical outcomes in multiple cancer types. Int J Biol Markers 2011; 25:219-28. [PMID: 21161944 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2010.6079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Genomic instability, as reflected in specific chromosomal aneuploidies and variation in the nuclear DNA content, is a defining feature of human carcinomas. It is solidly established that the degree of genomic instability influences clinical outcome. We have recently identified a 12-gene expression signature that discerned genomically stable from unstable breast carcinomas. This gene expression signature was also useful to predict, with high accuracy, the clinical course in independent multiple published breast cancer cohorts. From a biological point of view, this result confirmed the central role of genomic instability for a tumor's ability to adapt to external challenges and selective pressure, and hence for continued survival fitness. This prompted us to investigate whether this genomic instability signature could also predict clinical outcome in other cancer types of epithelial origin, including colorectal tumors, non-small cell lung carcinomas, and ovarian cancer. RESULTS The results show that the gene expression signature that defines genomic instability and poor outcome in breast cancer contributes significantly more accurate (p<0.05 compared with random prediction) prognostic information in multiple cancer types independent of established clinical parameters. The 12-gene genomic instability signature stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups with distinct postoperative survival in three non-small cell lung cancer cohorts (n=637) in Kaplan-Meier analyses (log-rank p<0.05). It predicted recurrence in colon cancer patients (n=92) with an overall accuracy greater than 69% (p=0.04) in cross-cohort validation. It quantified relapse-free survival in ovarian cancer (n=124; log-rank p<0.05). Functional pathway analysis revealed interactions between the 12 signature genes and well-known cancer hallmarks. CONCLUSION The degree of genomic instability has diagnostic and prognostic implications. It is tempting to speculate that pursuing genomic instability therapeutically could provide entry points for a target that is unique to cancer cells.
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MYB suppresses differentiation and apoptosis of human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2010; 12:R55. [PMID: 20659323 PMCID: PMC2949644 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MYB is highly expressed in estrogen receptor positive (ER + ve) breast tumours and tumour cell lines. We recently demonstrated that MYB is essential for the proliferation of ER + ve breast cancer cells, and have now investigated its role in mammary epithelial differentiation. METHODS MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with sodium butyrate, vitamin E succinate or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate to induce differentiation as measured by Nile Red staining of lipid droplets and β-casein expression. The non-tumorigenic murine mammary epithelial cell (MEC) line, HC11, was induced to differentiate with lactogenic hormones. MYB levels were manipulated by inducible lentiviral shRNA-mediated knockdown and retroviral overexpression. RESULTS We found that MYB expression decreases following chemically-induced differentiation of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, and hormonally-induced differentiation of a non-tumorigenic murine mammary epithelial cell (MEC) line, HC11. We also found that shRNA-mediated MYB knockdown initiated differentiation of breast cancer cells, and greatly sensitised them to the differentiative and pro-apoptotic effects of differentiation-inducing agents (DIAs). Sensitisation to the pro-apoptotic effects DIAs is mediated by decreased expression of BCL2, which we show here is a direct MYB target in breast cancer cells. Conversely, enforced expression of MYB resulted in the cells remaining in an undifferentiated state, with concomitant suppression of apoptosis, in the presence of DIAs. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data imply that MYB function is critical in regulating the balance between proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in MECs. Moreover, our findings suggest MYB may be a viable therapeutic target in breast cancer and suggest specific approaches for exploiting this possibility.
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Abstract
In this chapter, we provide a review on the functions of the most important miRNAs in lymphocytes. Most of them are involved in lymphopoiesis, immune response, and lymphoid malignancies, highlighting the importance of miRNAs in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Malumbres
- Department of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Peng S, Wu H, Mo YY, Watabe K, Pauza ME. c-Maf increases apoptosis in peripheral CD8 cells by transactivating Caspase 6. Immunology 2009; 127:267-78. [PMID: 19476513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.03014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to transactivation of interleukin-4 (IL-4), cellular muscular aponeurotic fibrosarcoma (c-Maf) enhances CD4 cell apoptosis by limiting Bcl-2 expression. The CD8 cells also express c-Maf and peripheral CD8 cell numbers are reduced in c-Maf transgenic mice, suggesting that c-Maf may influence CD8 cell survival in a manner similar to CD4 cells. Here we confirm that, similar to CD4 cells, c-Maf enhances CD8 cell susceptibility to apoptosis induced by multiple stimuli, independent of IL-4. However, unlike CD4 cells, c-Maf enhancement of apoptosis is independent of Bcl-2, suggesting that c-Maf uses other mechanisms to regulate CD8 cell apoptosis. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction reveals that the pro-apoptotic gene Caspase 6 is upregulated in c-Maf transgenic CD8 cells, suggesting that Caspase 6 is a novel c-Maf target gene. Luciferase reporter assays and site-directed mutagenesis reveal a functional c-Maf recognition element (MARE) within the first intron of Caspase 6. Binding of c-Maf to the MARE site is detectable by chromatin immunoprecipitation using non-transgenic T-cell lysates, so c-Maf can interact with the Caspase 6 MARE site in normal T cells. Furthermore, caspase 6 activity is increased among CD8 cells from c-Maf transgenic mice following T-cell receptor engagement. As expected, activity of the downstream caspases 3 and 7 is also increased. Consistent with the ability of caspase 6 to participate in positive feedback loops, cytochrome c release and caspase 8 activation are also increased. Together these results indicated that c-Maf increases CD8 cell sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli, at least in part, by direct transactivation of Caspase 6, providing increased substrate for Caspase 6-dependent apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Peng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, 62794, USA
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Yang X, Chan C. Repression of PKR mediates palmitate-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells through regulation of Bcl-2. Cell Res 2009; 19:469-86. [PMID: 19259124 PMCID: PMC2664847 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2009.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study we found that double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) regulates the protein expression level and the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 and exploits an anti-apoptotic role in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). Saturated free fatty acids (FFAs), e.g. palmitate, have been shown to induce cellular apoptosis in various types of cells by different mechanisms. We found palmitate down-regulates the activity of PKR, and thereby decreases the protein level of Bcl-2, mediated, in part, by the NF-κB transcription factor. In addition to the protein level of Bcl-2, the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 at different amino acid residues, such as Ser70 and Ser87, is also important in regulating cellular apoptosis. The decrease in the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 at Ser70 upon exposure to palmitate is mediated by PKR and possibly JNK, while the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 at Ser87 is not affected by palmitate or PKR. In summary, PKR mediates the regulation of the protein level and the phosphorylation status of Bcl-2, providing a novel mechanism of palmitate-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Ma Q, Dai X, Xu Y, Guo J, Liu Y, Chen N, Xiao J, Zhang D, Xu Z, Zhang X, Chong K. Enhanced tolerance to chilling stress in OsMYB3R-2 transgenic rice is mediated by alteration in cell cycle and ectopic expression of stress genes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 150:244-56. [PMID: 19279197 PMCID: PMC2675741 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.133454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
MYB transcription factors play central roles in plant responses to abiotic stresses. How stress affects development is poorly understood. Here, we show that OsMYB3R-2 functions in both stress and developmental processes in rice (Oryza sativa). Transgenic plants overexpressing OsMYB3R-2 exhibited enhanced cold tolerance. Cold treatment greatly induced the expression of OsMYB3R-2, which encodes an active transcription factor. We show that OsMYB3R-2 specifically bound to a mitosis-specific activator cis-element, (T/C)C(T/C)AACGG(T/C)(T/C)A, a conserved sequence that was found in promoters of cyclin genes such as OsCycB1;1 and OsKNOLLE2. In addition, overexpression of OsMYB3R-2 in rice led to higher transcript levels of several G2/M phase-specific genes, including OsCycB1;1, OsCycB2;1, OsCycB2;2, and OsCDC20.1, than those in OsMYB3R-2 antisense lines or wild-type plants in response to cold treatment. Flow cytometry analysis revealed an increased cell mitotic index in overexpressed transgenic lines of OsMYB3R-2 after cold treatment. Furthermore, resistance to cold stress in the transgenic plants overexpressing OsCycB1;1 was also enhanced. The level of cellular free proline was increased in the overexpressed rice lines of OsMYB3R-2 and OsCycB1;1 transgenic plants compared with wild-type plants under the cold treatment. These results suggest that OsMYB3R-2 targets OsCycB1;1 and regulates the progress of the cell cycle during chilling stress. OsCPT1, which may be involved in the dehydration-responsive element-binding factor 1A pathway, showed the same transcription pattern in response to cold as did OsCycB1;1 in transgenic rice. Therefore, a cold resistance mechanism in rice could be mediated by regulating the cell cycle, which is controlled by key genes including OsMYB3R-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Ma
- Research Center for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Fang F, Rycyzyn MA, Clevenger CV. Role of c-Myb during prolactin-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a signaling in breast cancer cells. Endocrinology 2009; 150:1597-606. [PMID: 19036881 PMCID: PMC2659289 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, prolactin (PRL) mediates its function in part through the prolactin receptor (PRLr)-associated Janus kinase 2 (Jak2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5) signaling complex. To delineate the mechanisms of Stat5a regulation in breast cancer, transcription factor-transcription factor (TF-TF) array analysis was employed to identify associated transcriptional regulators. These analyses revealed a PRL-inducible association of Stat5a with the transcription factor and protooncogene c-Myb. Confirmatory co-immunoprecipitation studies using lysates from both T47D and MCF7 breast cancer cells revealed a PRL-inducible association between these transcription factors. Ectopic expression of c-Myb enhanced the PRL-induced expression from both composite and synthetic Stat5a-responsive luciferase reporters. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays also revealed a PRL-inducible association between c-Myb and endogenous Stat5a-responsive CISH promoter, which was associated with an enhanced expression of CISH gene product at the RNA and protein levels. Small interfering RNA-mediated c-Myb knockdown impaired the PRL-induced mRNA expression of five Stat5-responsive genes. DNA binding-defective mutants of c-Myb, incapable of activating expression from a c-Myb-responsive reporter, maintained their ability to enhance a Stat5a-responsive reporter. At a cellular level, ectopic expression of c-Myb resulted in an increase in T47D proliferation. Taken together, these results indicate that c-Myb potentiates Stat5a-driven gene expression, possibly functioning as a Stat5a coactivator, in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Fang
- Department of Pathology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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40
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The c-myb proto-oncogene and microRNA-15a comprise an active autoregulatory feedback loop in human hematopoietic cells. Blood 2008; 113:505-16. [PMID: 18818396 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-01-136218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-myb proto-oncogene encodes an obligate hematopoietic cell transcription factor important for lineage commitment, proliferation, and differentiation. Given its critical functions, c-Myb regulatory factors are of great interest but remain incompletely defined. Herein we show that c-Myb expression is subject to posttranscriptional regulation by microRNA (miRNA)-15a. Using a luciferase reporter assay, we found that miR-15a directly binds the 3'-UTR of c-myb mRNA. By transfecting K562 myeloid leukemia cells with a miR-15a mimic, functionality of binding was shown. The mimic decreased c-Myb expression, and blocked the cells in the G(1) phase of cell cycle. Exogenous expression of c-myb mRNA lacking the 3'-UTR partially rescued the miR-15a induced cell-cycle block. Of interest, the miR-15a promoter contained several potential c-Myb protein binding sites. Occupancy of one canonical c-Myb binding site was demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis and shown to be required for miR-15a expression in K562 cells. Finally, in studies using normal human CD34(+) cells, we showed that c-Myb and miR-15a expression were inversely correlated in cells undergoing erythroid differentiation, and that overexpression of miR-15a blocked both erythroid and myeloid colony formation in vitro. In aggregate, these findings suggest the presence of a c-Myb-miR-15a autoregulatory feedback loop of potential importance in human hematopoiesis.
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41
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Lin YC, Kuo MW, Yu J, Kuo HH, Lin RJ, Lo WL, Yu AL. c-Myb is an evolutionary conserved miR-150 target and miR-150/c-Myb interaction is important for embryonic development. Mol Biol Evol 2008; 25:2189-98. [PMID: 18667440 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msn165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human c-Myb proto-oncogene is highly expressed in hematopoietic progenitors as well as leukemia and certain solid tumor. However, the regulatory mechanisms of its expression and biological functions remain largely unclear. Recently, c-Myb has been shown to be targeted by microRNA-150 (miR-150) which thereby controls B cell differentiation in mice. In this study, we demonstrated that c-Myb is an evolutionary conserved target of miR-150 in human and zebrafish, using reporter assays. Ectopic expression of miR-150 in breast cancer and leukemic cells repressed endogenous c-Myb at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. Among several leukemia cell lines, primary leukemia cells, and normal lymphocytes, expression levels of miR-150 inversely correlated with c-Myb. The miR-150 overexpression or c-Myb silencing in zebrafish zygotes led to similar and serious phenotypic defects in zebrafish, and the phenotypic aberrations induced by miR-150 could be reversed by coinjection of c-Myb mRNA. Our findings suggest that c-Myb is an evolutionally conserved target of miR-150 and miR-150/c-Myb interaction is important for embryonic development and possibly oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chin Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica Taipei, Taiwan
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42
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Greig KT, Carotta S, Nutt SL. Critical roles for c-Myb in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Semin Immunol 2008; 20:247-56. [PMID: 18585056 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While it has long been known that the transcription factor c-Myb is an essential regulator of hematopoiesis, its precise molecular targets have remained elusive. Cell line studies suggest that c-Myb promotes proliferation and at the same time inhibits differentiation, however the early lethality of c-Myb deficient embryos precluded analysis of its role in adult hematopoiesis. Here we review insights derived from recently developed mouse models of c-Myb deficiency that are viable as adults. These studies reveal a complex array of functions for c-Myb in multiple hematopoietic cell types that will redefine our understanding of this crucial transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie T Greig
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
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43
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Xiao C, Calado DP, Galler G, Thai TH, Patterson HC, Wang J, Rajewsky N, Bender TP, Rajewsky K. MiR-150 controls B cell differentiation by targeting the transcription factor c-Myb. Cell 2008; 131:146-59. [PMID: 17923094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 793] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MiR-150 is a microRNA (miRNA) specifically expressed in mature lymphocytes, but not their progenitors. A top predicted target of miR-150 is c-Myb, a transcription factor controlling multiple steps of lymphocyte development. Combining loss- and gain-of-function gene targeting approaches for miR-150 with conditional and partial ablation of c-Myb, we show that miR-150 indeed controls c-Myb expression in vivo in a dose-dependent manner over a narrow range of miRNA and c-Myb concentrations and that this dramatically affects lymphocyte development and response. Our results identify a key transcription factor as a critical target of a stage-specifically expressed miRNA in lymphocytes and suggest that this and perhaps other miRNAs have evolved to control the expression of just a few critical target proteins in particular cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Xiao
- The CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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44
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Requirement of c-Myb for p210(BCR/ABL)-dependent transformation of hematopoietic progenitors and leukemogenesis. Blood 2008; 111:4771-9. [PMID: 18227349 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-08-105072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-Myb gene encodes a transcription factor required for proliferation and survival of normal myeloid progenitors and leukemic blast cells. Targeting of c-Myb by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides has suggested that myeloid leukemia blasts (including chronic myelogenous leukemia [CML]-blast crisis cells) rely on c-Myb expression more than normal progenitors, but a genetic approach to assess the requirement of c-Myb by p210(BCR/ABL)-transformed hematopoietic progenitors has not been taken. We show here that loss of a c-Myb allele had modest effects (20%-28% decrease) on colony formation of nontransduced progenitors, while the effect on p210(BCR/ABL)-expressing Lin(-) Sca-1(+) and Lin(-) Sca-1(+)Kit(+) cells was more pronounced (50%-80% decrease). Using a model of CML-blast crisis, mice (n = 14) injected with p210(BCR/ABL)-transduced p53(-/-)c-Myb(w/w) marrow cells developed leukemia rapidly and had a median survival of 26 days, while only 67% of mice (n = 12) injected with p210(BCR/ABL)-transduced p53(-/-)c-Myb(w/d) marrow cells died of leukemia with a median survival of 96 days. p210(BCR/ABL)-transduced c-Myb(w/w) and c-Myb(w/d) marrow progenitors expressed similar levels of the c-Myb-regulated genes c-Myc and cyclin B1, while those of Bcl-2 were reduced. However, ectopic Bcl-2 expression did not enhance colony formation of p210(BCR/ABL)-transduced c-Myb(w/d) Lin(-)Sca-1(+)Kit(+) cells. Together, these studies support the requirement of c-Myb for p210(BCR/ABL)-dependent leukemogenesis.
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Hooper J, Maurice D, Argent-Katwala MJG, Weston K. Myb proteins regulate expression of histone variant H2A.Z during thymocyte development. Immunology 2007; 123:282-9. [PMID: 17931383 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-myb gene encodes a transcription factor required for the normal development of T cells in the thymus, and for subsequent peripheral T-cell activation and survival. However, the profile of genes known to be transcriptionally regulated by c-Myb in T cells does not adequately explain the pleiotrophic nature of the effects of c-Myb. We present here a detailed molecular characterization of the regulation of a novel target gene, the histone variant H2A.Z. We show that c-Myb is able to bind to and activate the H2A.Z promoter in T cells both in vitro and in vivo, and present evidence that perturbation of Myb activity during T-cell development results in reduced H2A.Z expression. As H2A.Z is absolutely required for the early stages of mammalian development, and plays essential roles in the regulation of chromatin structure in gene promoters in yeast, its regulation by c-Myb is likely to be of some importance during T-cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Hooper
- Institute of Cancer Research, CRUK Centre for Cell and Molecular Biology, London, UK
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46
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Peng S, Lalani S, Leavenworth JW, Ho IC, Pauza ME. c-Maf interacts with c-Myb to down-regulate Bcl-2 expression and increase apoptosis in peripheral CD4 cells. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:2868-80. [PMID: 17823980 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor c-Maf is critical for IL-4 production and the development of Th2 cells, which promote humoral immunity and protect against extracellular parasites. Yet, little else is known of c-Maf function in CD4 cells. Here, we identify a novel role for c-Maf in regulating susceptibility to apoptosis. Overexpression of c-Maf results in increased susceptibility of CD4 cells to apoptosis induced by multiple stimuli, including growth factor withdrawal, dexamethasone, irradiation, and TCR engagement. This effect is independent of Fas or p53; however, Bcl-2 expression is reduced in c-Maf Tg CD4 cells. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses demonstrate that c-Maf-c-Myb complex formation is enhanced among T cells from c-Maf Tg mice compared to non-Tg littermates following TCR engagement. Unlike non-Tg T cells, c-Myb binding to the Bcl-2 promoter is not detectable in c-Maf Tg T cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation. In reporter assays, Bcl-2 promoter activity is reduced by c-Maf in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, transgene-mediated Bcl-2 expression corrects the apoptosis defect observed among c-Maf Tg CD4 cells. These data suggest that c-Maf can interact with c-Myb to reduce Bcl-2 expression, thereby limiting CD4 cell survival following TCR engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Peng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
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47
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Li Q, Dashwood WM, Zhong X, Nakagama H, Dashwood RH. Bcl-2 overexpression in PhIP-induced colon tumors: cloning of the rat Bcl-2 promoter and characterization of a pathway involving beta-catenin, c-Myc and E2F1. Oncogene 2007; 26:6194-202. [PMID: 17404573 PMCID: PMC2267879 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Beta-catenin/T-cell factor (Tcf) signaling is constitutively active in the majority of human colorectal cancers, and there are accompanying changes in Bcl-2 expression. Similarly, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine (PhIP)-induced colon tumors in the rat have increased beta-catenin and elevated Bcl-2. To examine the possible direct transcriptional regulation of rat Bcl-2 by beta-catenin/Tcf, we cloned and characterized the corresponding promoter region and found 70.1% similarity with its human counterpart, BCL2. Bcl-2 promoter activity was increased in response to LiCl and exogenous beta-catenin, including oncogenic mutants of beta-catenin found in PhIP-induced colon tumors. Protein/DNA arrays identified E2F1, but not beta-catenin/Tcf, as interacting most strongly with the rat Bcl-2 promoter. Exogenous E2F1 increased the promoter activity of rat Bcl-2, except in mutants lacking the E2F1 sites. As expected, beta-catenin induced its downstream target c-Myc, as well as E2F1 and Bcl-2, and this was blocked by siRNA to c-Myc or E2F1. These findings suggest an indirect pathway for Bcl-2 over-expression in PhIP-induced colon tumors involving beta-catenin, c-Myc and E2F1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Li
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - WM Dashwood
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - X Zhong
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - H Nakagama
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - RH Dashwood
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Corradini F, Bussolari R, Cerioli D, Lidonnici MR, Calabretta B. A degradation-resistant c-Myb mutant cooperates with Bcl-2 in enhancing proliferative potential and survival of hematopoietic cells. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2007; 39:292-6. [PMID: 17644012 PMCID: PMC4274770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The c-myb gene is preferentially expressed in primitive hematopoietic cell and plays a central role in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival by regulating the transcription of several genes implicated in these processes including the antiapoptotic Bcl-2. We show here that, compared to wild-type c-Myb, overexpression of a degradation resistant c-Myb mutant [Delta(358-452) c-Myb] enhances the clonogenic potential of hematopoietic progenitors as indicated by increased cytokine-dependent primary and secondary colony formation of Lin(-) Sca-1(+) Kit(+) mouse marrow cells. Moreover, proliferation assays of IL-3 dependent myeloid precursor 32Dcl3 cells co-expressing Bcl-2 and c-Myb indicate that these cells continue to proliferate in the absence of IL-3 and this effect is more apparent in cells expressing the degradation resistant Delta(358-452) c-Myb. Interestingly, overexpression of Delta(358-452) c-Myb is by itself sufficient to protect 32Dcl3 cells from apoptosis induced by IL-3 deprivation; moreover, these cells are also increased in number which most likely reflects the enhanced proliferative potential conferred by Delta(358-452) c-Myb to apoptosis-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Corradini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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49
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Hwang IK, Moon SM, Yoo KY, Li H, Kwon HD, Hwang HS, Choi SK, Lee BH, Kim JD, Won MH. c-Myb immunoreactivity, protein and mRNA levels significantly increase in the aged hippocampus proper in gerbils. Neurochem Res 2007; 32:1091-7. [PMID: 17401667 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-006-9278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Myb genes are a family of transcription factors and have been implicated in the control of the proliferation and differentiation of normal and transformed cells. c-Myb is the best characterized member of the myb family. In the present study, we investigated age-dependent changes of c-myb immunoreactivity, its protein and mRNA level in the hippocampus proper (CA1-3 regions) at various age stages in gerbils. In the postnatal month 1 (PM 1) group, c-myb immunoreactivity was detected in non-pyramidal neurons of the strata oriens and radiatum as well as in pyramidal neurons of the stratum pyramidale. At PM 3, c-myb immunoreactivity and its protein level were similar to those at PM 1. Thereafter, c-myb immunoreactivity and its protein level were increased with time. In the PM 24 group, c-myb immunoreactivity, its protein and mRNA levels were highest. These results suggest that the significant increase of c-myb immunoreactivity, protein and mRNA levels in the aged hippocampus may be associated with neuronal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Barata JT, Cardoso AA, Boussiotis VA. Interleukin-7 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an extrinsic factor supporting leukemogenesis? Leuk Lymphoma 2005; 46:483-95. [PMID: 16019476 DOI: 10.1080/10428190400027852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The malignant transformation and expansion of tumor cells involve both cell-autonomous mechanisms and microenvironment signals that regulate viability, nutrient utilization, metabolic activity and cell growth. In T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), the co-culture of leukemic cells with stroma or the addition of particular cytokines prevents ex vivo spontaneous apoptosis. Interleukin-7 (IL-7), a cytokine produced by thymic and bone marrow stroma, increases the viability and proliferation of T-ALL cells. IL-7 induces the activation of Jak/STAT, MEK/Erk and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in T-ALL cells. PI3K/Akt is the dominant pathway that mediates the effects of IL-7 on T-ALL. PI3K signaling is required for the induction of Bcl-2, the down-regulation of p27(kip1) and cell cycle progression. PI3K signaling is also required for the expression of the glucose transporter Glut1, uptake of glucose, activation of the metabolic machinery, increase in cell size, and maintenance of mitochondrial integrity. These observations suggest that substrates of molecular pathways activated by microenvironmental factors represent attractive molecular targets for the regulation of the viability and proliferation of T-ALL cells and provide the means for the development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao T Barata
- Tumor Biology Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal.
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