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Mas-Orea X, Basso L, Blanpied C, Gaveriaux-Ruff C, Cenac N, Dietrich G. Delta opioid receptors on nociceptive sensory neurons mediate peripheral endogenous analgesia in colitis. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:7. [PMID: 34991641 PMCID: PMC8740424 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory visceral pain is endogenously controlled by enkephalins locally released by mucosal CD4+ T lymphocytes in mice. The present study aimed at identifying opioid receptor(s) expressed on nociceptive sensory nerves involved in this peripheral opioid-mediated analgesia. METHODS The peripheral analgesia associated with the accumulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes within the inflamed colonic mucosa was assessed in conditional knockout mice specifically deleted for either of the two opioid receptors for enkephalins (i.e., µ (MOR) and δ (DOR) receptors) in Nav1.8-expressing sensory neurons in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. RESULTS Endogenous analgesia is lost in conditional knockout mice for DOR, but not MOR at the later phase of the DSS-induced colitis. The absence of either of the opioid receptors on sensory nerves had no impact on both the colitis severity and the rate of T lymphocytes infiltrating the inflamed colonic mucosa. CONCLUSION The key role of DOR on primary afferents in relieving intestinal inflammatory pain opens new therapeutic opportunities for peripherally restricted DOR analgesics to avoid most of the side effects associated with MOR-targeting drugs used in intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Mas-Orea
- Digestive Health Research Institute (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Lilian Basso
- Digestive Health Research Institute (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
- INFINITy, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Blanpied
- Digestive Health Research Institute (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | | | - Nicolas Cenac
- Digestive Health Research Institute (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- Digestive Health Research Institute (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France.
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2
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Benvenga S, Antonelli A, Fallahi P, Bonanno C, Rodolico C, Guarneri F. Amino acid sequence homology between thyroid autoantigens and central nervous system proteins: Implications for the steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2021; 26:100274. [PMID: 34849350 PMCID: PMC8609095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2021.100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-enolase, aldehyde reductase-I and dimethylargininase-I are SREAT autoantigens. Molecular mimicry between thyroid and CNS autoantigens is hypothesized in SREAT. Homology with TSH-R, Tg and TPO exists for 6, 27 and 47 of 46,809 CNS-proteins. The above homologies are often in epitope-containing parts of thyroid autoantigens. Most of the above proteins are expressed in CNS regions which are altered in SREAT.
A few patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or Graves’ disease develop a multiform syndrome of the central nervous system (CNS) termed Hashimoto’s encephalopathy or steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (HE/SREAT). They have high levels of thyroid autoantibodies (TgAb, TPOAb and/or TSH-R-Ab) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Autoantibodies against alpha-enolase, aldehyde reductase-I (AKRIA) and/or dimethylargininase-I (DDAHI), proteins expressed in the CNS among other tissues, were detected in the blood and, when searched, in the cerebrospinal fluid of HE/SREAT patients. Recently, we reported that alpha-enolase, AKRIA and DDAHI share local sequence homology with each of the three autoantigens (TgAb, TPOAb, TSH-R-Ab), often in epitope-containing segments of the thyroid autoantigens. We hypothesized that there might be additional CNS-expressed proteins homologous to thyroid autoantigens, possibly overlapping known epitopes of the thyroid autoantigens. We used bioinformatic methods to address this hypothesis. Six, 27 and 47 of 46,809 CNS-expressed proteins share homology with TSH-R, Tg and TPO, respectively. The homologous regions often contain epitopes, and some match regions of thyroid autoantigens which have homology with alpha-enolase, AKRIA and/or DDAHI. Several of the aforementioned proteins are present in CNS areas that show abnormalities at neuroimaging in HE/SREAT patients. Furthermore, autoantibodies against some of the said six, 27 and 47 proteins were reported to be associated with a number of autoimmune diseases. Not only we validated our hypothesis, but we think that such a variety of potential CNS targets for thyroid Ab against epitopes contained in regions that have local homology with CNS proteins may explain the polymorphic phenotypes of HE/SREAT. Only when elevated amounts of these Ab are synthesized and trespass the blood-brain barrier, HE/SREAT appears. This might explain why HE/SREAT is so relatively rare.
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3
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Mas-Orea X, Sebert M, Benamar M, Petitfils C, Blanpied C, Saoudi A, Deraison C, Barreau F, Cenac N, Dietrich G. Peripheral Opioid Receptor Blockade Enhances Epithelial Damage in Piroxicam-Accelerated Colitis in IL-10-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7387. [PMID: 34299013 PMCID: PMC8304158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal CD4+ T lymphocytes display a potent opioid-mediated analgesic activity in interleukin (IL)-10 knockout mouse model of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Considering that endogenous opioids may also exhibit anti-inflammatory activities in the periphery, we examined the consequences of a peripheral opioid receptor blockade by naloxone-methiodide, a general opioid receptor antagonist unable to cross the blood-brain barrier, on the development of piroxicam-accelerated colitis in IL-10-deficient (IL-10-/-) mice. Here, we show that IL-10-deficient mice treated with piroxicam exhibited significant alterations of the intestinal barrier function, including permeability, inflammation-related bioactive lipid mediators, and mucosal CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets. Opioid receptor antagonization in the periphery had virtually no effect on colitis severity but significantly worsened epithelial cell apoptosis and intestinal permeability. Thus, although the endogenous opioid tone is not sufficient to reduce the severity of colitis significantly, it substantially contributes to the protection of the physical integrity of the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Mas-Orea
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (X.M.-O.); (M.S.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.); (F.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Morgane Sebert
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (X.M.-O.); (M.S.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.); (F.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Mehdi Benamar
- INFINITY, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Camille Petitfils
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (X.M.-O.); (M.S.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.); (F.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Catherine Blanpied
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (X.M.-O.); (M.S.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.); (F.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- INFINITY, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Céline Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (X.M.-O.); (M.S.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.); (F.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Frederick Barreau
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (X.M.-O.); (M.S.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.); (F.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (X.M.-O.); (M.S.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.); (F.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (X.M.-O.); (M.S.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.); (F.B.); (N.C.)
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4
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Skiba MA, Kruse AC. Autoantibodies as Endogenous Modulators of GPCR Signaling. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 42:135-150. [PMID: 33358695 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous self-reactive autoantibodies (AAs) recognize a range of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). They are frequently associated with cardiovascular, neurological, and autoimmune disorders, and in some cases directly impact disease progression. Many GPCR AAs modulate receptor signaling, but molecular details of their modulatory activity are not well understood. Technological advances have provided insight into GPCR biology, which now facilitates deeper understanding of GPCR AA function at the molecular level. Most GPCR AAs are allosteric modulators and exhibit a broad range of pharmacological properties, altering both receptor signaling and trafficking. Understanding GPCR AAs is not only important for defining how these unusual GPCR modulators function in disease, but also provides insight into the potential use and limitations of using therapeutic antibodies to modulate GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Skiba
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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5
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Basso L, Bourreille A, Dietrich G. Intestinal inflammation and pain management. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 25:50-5. [PMID: 26629597 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation results in the production of inflammatory pain-inducing mediators that may directly activate colon sensory neurons. Endogenous opioids produced by mucosal effector CD4(+) T lymphocytes identified as colitogenic may paradoxically counterbalance the local pro-algesic effect of inflammatory mediators by acting on opioid receptors expressed on sensory nerve endings. The review will focus on the endogenous immune-mediated regulation of visceral inflammatory pain, current pain treatments in inflammatory bowel diseases and prospectives on new opioid therapeutic opportunities to alleviate pain but avoiding common centrally-mediated side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Basso
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France; CNRS, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Arnaud Bourreille
- INSERM, U913, Nantes F-44093, France; Université de Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes F-44093, France
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France; CNRS, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31300, France.
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6
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Talmont F, Moulédous L, Boué J, Mollereau C, Dietrich G. Denatured G-protein coupled receptors as immunogens to generate highly specific antibodies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46348. [PMID: 23029489 PMCID: PMC3459905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a major role in a number of physiological and pathological processes. Thus, GPCRs have become the most frequent targets for development of new therapeutic drugs. In this context, the availability of highly specific antibodies may be decisive to obtain reliable findings on localization, function and medical relevance of GPCRs. However, the rapid and easy generation of highly selective anti-GPCR antibodies is still a challenge. Herein, we report that highly specific antibodies suitable for detection of GPCRs in native and unfolded forms can be elicited by immunizing animals against purified full length denatured recombinant GPCRs. Contrasting with the currently admitted postulate, our study shows that an active and well-folded GPCR is not required for the production of specific anti-GPCR antibodies. This new immunizing strategy validated with three different human GPCR (μ-opioid, κ-opioid, neuropeptide FF2 receptors) might be generalized to other members of the GPCR family.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies/immunology
- Antibodies/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Immunization
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/isolation & purification
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Pichia/genetics
- Protein Denaturation
- Protein Folding
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/genetics
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/immunology
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/immunology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Talmont
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), Toulouse, France.
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7
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Autoantibodies to the delta-opioid receptor function as opioid agonists and display immunomodulatory activity. J Neuroimmunol 2009; 217:65-73. [PMID: 19879656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we show that affinity purified human anti-delta opioid receptor (DOR) autoantibodies from IVIG are specific to DOR and possess agonistic properties displayed by their ability to dramatically decrease forskolin stimulated cAMP accumulation. Anti-DOR autoantibody also caused phosphorylation of the opioid receptor. Anti-DOR autoantibody treatment showed a significant reduction in CXCR4 gene expression as well as surface protein expression. In contrast, anti-DOR autoantibody treatment significantly upregulated CCR5 gene and protein expression. The presence of anti-DOR autoantibodies in IVIG and their potent immunomodulatory activity is further evidence to support the cross-talk between the neuroendocrine and immune systems.
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8
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Fabien N, Monier JC. [Antireceptor and antichannel autoantibodies]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:353-61. [PMID: 16912993 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2005.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This review of literature concerns the different autoantibodies directed against membrane receptors and ion channels. The target antigens, the associated pathologies, the pathogenesis and the methods of detection of these autoantibodies will be addressed. Some of these autoantibodies are thought to be closely related to the autoimmune disease whereas for some others their pathogenesis role is still unclear. Overall, the roles of antibodies are different between diseases, but the presence of such autoantibodies support the basis of intervening immunotherapy, antibody titers predicted the activity of the diseases and some of them are very specific and become the useful markers for the diagnosis. Some autoantibodies are detected routinely as the antiacetylcholine receptor, voltage-gated potassium and calcium channels autoantibodies whereas most of them are detected very rarely and only by specialized laboratories. This review will be divided in three parts with the following classification: the first group of autoantibodies directed against membrane receptors included receptors with an enzymatic activity (mostly tyrosine kinase) with one transmembrane domain, receptors associated to G protein with seven transmembrane domains, ion channels and receptors associated to the membrane by the glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol and the second group of intracellular receptor autoantibodies directed to the estrogens, androgens, lamin and kinesin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fabien
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, unité fonctionnelle Auto-immunité, bâtiment 1G, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 69495 Pierre-Bénite cedex, France.
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9
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Granstrem O, Adriani W, Shumilina M, Izykenova G, Dambinova S, Laviola G. Specific changes in levels of autoantibodies to glutamate and opiate receptors induced by morphine administration in rats. Neurosci Lett 2006; 403:1-5. [PMID: 16687214 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Revised: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Several groups of brain receptors are involved in the mechanisms underlying the development of opiate addiction, but the interactions occurring between these neuroreceptors and the immune system, including potential autoimmune responses, remain poorly understood. We studied in rats the effects of repeated administration of different psychotropic drugs on serum levels of autoantibodies (aAbs) to the mu delta-opiate receptor (MDOR), as well as to the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) GluR1 and to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) NR2 subunits of the glutamate receptor, as analyzed by ELISA. We found that repeated administration of morphine significantly elevated aAbs levels to MDOR and to the AMPA GluR1 subunit, but not to the NMDA NR2 subunit. In contrast, a similar regimen of a psychostimulant drug, such as D-amphetamine, or a commonly abused substance, such as nicotine, had no effect on these aAbs levels. A nonspecific elevating effect on aAbs to the brain structural protein S100B was observed for all drugs tested versus controls. These observations support the hypothesis that, following opiate administration, specific interactions between nervous and immune systems occur. Therefore, together with further investigations on their potential functional consequences, we propose a thorough exploration of aAbs to MDOR and to AMPA GluR1 subunit as early biomarkers signaling opiate addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Granstrem
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, I.P. Pavlov's State Medical University, 6/8 L. Tolstoy's Street, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia.
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10
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Macé G, Miaczynska M, Zerial M, Nebreda AR. Phosphorylation of EEA1 by p38 MAP kinase regulates mu opioid receptor endocytosis. EMBO J 2005; 24:3235-46. [PMID: 16138080 PMCID: PMC1224689 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 08/08/2005] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine analgesic properties and side effects such as tolerance are mediated by the mu opioid receptor (MOR) whose endocytosis is considered of primary importance for opioid pharmacological effects. Here, we show that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation is required for MOR endocytosis and sufficient to trigger its constitutive internalization in the absence of agonist. Further studies established a functional link between p38 MAPK and the small GTPase Rab5, a key regulator of endocytosis. Expression of an activated mutant of Rab5 stimulated endocytosis of MOR ligand-independently in wild-type but not in p38alpha-/- cells. We found that p38alpha can phosphorylate the Rab5 effectors EEA1 and Rabenosyn-5 on Thr-1392 and Ser-215, respectively, and these phosphorylation events regulate the recruitment of EEA1 and Rabenosyn-5 to membranes. Moreover, phosphomimetic mutation of Thr-1392 in EEA1 can bypass the requirement for p38alpha in MOR endocytosis. Our results highlight a novel mechanism whereby p38 MAPK regulates receptor endocytosis under physiological conditions via phosphorylation of Rab5 effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtane Macé
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- CNIO (Spanish National Cancer Center), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miaczynska
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marino Zerial
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- CNIO (Spanish National Cancer Center), Madrid, Spain
- CNIO (Spanish National Cancer Center), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain. Tel.: +34 91 7328038; Fax: +34 91 7328033; E-mail:
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11
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Kerschbaumer RJ, Riedrich K, Kral M, Varadi K, Dorner F, Rosing J, Scheiflinger F. An antibody specific for coagulation factor IX enhances the activity of the intrinsic factor X-activating complex. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:40445-50. [PMID: 15265864 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m405966200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During hemostasis the zymogen factor X (FX) is converted into its enzymatically active form factor Xa by the intrinsic FX-activating complex. This complex consists of the protease factor IXa (FIXa) that assembles, together with its cofactor, factor VIIIa, on a phospholipid surface. We have studied the functional properties of a FIXa-specific monoclonal antibody, 224AE3, which has the potential to enhance intrinsic FX activation. Binding of the antibody to FIXa improved the catalytic properties of the intrinsic FX-activating complex in two ways: (i) factor VIIIa bound to the FIXa-antibody complex with a more than 18-fold higher affinity than to FIXa, and (ii) the turnover number (kcat) of the enzyme complex increased 2- to 3-fold whereas the Km for FX remained unaffected. The ability of 224AE3 to increase the FXa-generation potential (called the "booster effect") was confirmed in factor VIII (FVIII)-depleted plasma, which was supplemented with different amounts of recombinant FVIII. In the presence of antibody 224AE3 the coagulant activity was increased 2-fold at physiological FVIII concentration and up to 15-fold at low FVIII concentrations. The booster effect that we describe demonstrates the ability of antibodies to function as an additional cofactor in an enzymatic reaction and might open up a new principle for improving the treatment of hemophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolf J Kerschbaumer
- Pre-Clinical Product Development, Baxter BioScience, Biomedical Research Center, A-2304 Orth/Donau, Austria
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12
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Tanaka S, Matsunaga H, Kimura M, Tatsumi KI, Hidaka Y, Takano T, Uema T, Takeda M, Amino N. Autoantibodies against four kinds of neurotransmitter receptors in psychiatric disorders. J Neuroimmunol 2003; 141:155-64. [PMID: 12965267 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(03)00252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a hypothesis that autoimmune abnormalities in neurotransmitter receptors might cause some psychiatric disorders. Using a sensitive radioligand assay, we detected serum autoantibodies to recombinant human muscarinic cholinergic receptor 1 (CHRM1, 34.4%), mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1, 13.1%), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (HTR1A, 7.4%), and dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2, 4.9%) in 122 psychiatric patients. Positive antibodies to CHRM1 were found in 34.1%, 34.9%, 33.3%, and 9.1% of patients with schizophrenic disorders (n=44), mood disorders (n=63), other psychiatric disorders (n=15) and autoimmune diseases (n=33), respectively. All three patients with neuroleptic maliganant syndrome had high activities of autoantibodies to CHRM1, OPRM1, and/or HTR1A. Our data suggest that autoimmunity to neurotransmitter receptors might be associated with the induction of psychiatric symptoms and have some relation to neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tanaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine (D2), Yamada-oka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Suita, Japan.
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13
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Macé G, Jaume M, Blanpied C, Stephan L, Coudert JD, Druet P, Dietrich G. Anti-mu-opioid-receptor IgG antibodies are commonly present in serum from healthy blood donors: evidence for a role in apoptotic immune cell death. Blood 2002; 100:3261-8. [PMID: 12384426 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-01-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously observed the presence of anti-human mu-opioid-receptor (anti-hMOR) autoantibodies in IgG pools prepared from several thousand healthy blood donors. These autoantibodies behaved agonistically because of their ability to bind to the first and third extracellular loops of the receptor. In this study, we found that each healthy donor's serum contained anti-hMOR IgG autoantibodies with a specific activity against both the first and the third extracellular loops of the receptor. Because of the inability of IgG to cross the blood-brain barrier, we investigated the effects of the expression of anti-hMOR autoantibodies on immune cells. In analogy to studies of the effects of morphine, we investigated the ability of antibodies to sensitize splenocytes to Fas (CD95)-mediated apoptosis. We took advantage of the high sequence homology between murine MOR and hMOR extracellular loops to estimate the effect on murine splenocytes of anti-hMOR antibodies raised by immunizing mice. Splenocytes from mice injected with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing MOR were sensitized to Fas-mediated apoptosis, whereas those from mice injected with CHO cells or phosphate-buffered saline were not. Similar sensitization to Fas-mediated apoptosis was observed in splenocytes from mice undergoing passive transfer either with IgG from mice previously immunized against CHO cells expressing MOR or with IgG directed against the first and third extracellular loops of the receptor. Together, our data show that anti-MOR autoantibodies are commonly expressed in healthy humans and could participate in the control of lymphocyte homeostasis by promoting Fas-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtane Macé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U563, Department of Oncogenesis and Signaling in Haematopoietic Cells, Institut Claude de Préval, IFR 30, Hôpital Purpan, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, 31059 Toulouse, France
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Macé G, Jaume M, Druet E, Blanpied C, Nguyen C, Druet P, Dietrich G. Identification of mu-opioid receptor epitopes recognized by agonistic IgG. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 280:1142-7. [PMID: 11162646 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the presence of IgG antibodies with a morphine-like activity in the serum of healthy individuals. The agonistic activity of IgG was dependent on their binding to the first and the third extracellular loops of the human mu opioid receptor. In this study we show that IgG antibodies obtained by immunizing rats with peptides corresponding to these two loops exhibited a similar morphine-like activity. Residues corresponding to Y(130), M(132), G(133), T(134) within the first and F(315) within the third extracellular segment were required for antibody binding and conferred to IgG a high mu-opioid selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Macé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U28, Université Paul Sabatier, Place du Dr Baylac, Toulouse, 31059, France
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Abstract
This paper is the twenty-second installment of the annual review of research concerning the opiate system. It summarizes papers published during 1999 that studied the behavioral effects of the opiate peptides and antagonists, excluding the purely analgesic effects, although stress-induced analgesia is included. The specific topics covered this year include stress; tolerance and dependence; learning, memory, and reward; eating and drinking; alcohol and other drugs of abuse; sexual activity, pregnancy, and development; mental illness and mood; seizures and other neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal, and hepatic function; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunologic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Vaccarino
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
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