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Shan Q, Liu J, Qu F, Chen A, He W. Polychlorinated biphenyls exposure and type 2 diabetes: Molecular mechanism that causes insulin resistance and islet damage. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2466-2476. [PMID: 38305644 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are typical persistent organic pollutants that have been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in cohort studies. This review aims to comprehensively assess the molecular mechanisms of PCBs-induced T2DM. Recent progress has been made in the research of PCBs in liver tissue, adipose tissue, and other tissues. By influencing the function of nuclear receptors, such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), pregnancy X receptor (PXR), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), as well as the inflammatory response, PCBs disrupt the balance of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. This is associated with insulin resistance (IR) in the target organ of insulin. Through androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α/β (ERα/β), and pancreato-duodenal-homeobox gene-1 (PDX-1), PCBs affect the secretion of insulin and increase blood glucose. Thus, this review is a discussion on the relationship between PCBs exposure and the pathogenesis of T2DM. It is hoped to provide basic concepts for diabetes research and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Shan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Qu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Anhui Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenxing He
- College of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
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2
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Fathy Megahed N, Abdel-Kafy ESM, El-Kassas S, Sobhy HM, Hekal SHA, Alagawany M, Manaa EA. Association of insulin receptor substrate 1 ( IRS-1) gene polymorphism with growth and litter-related traits in NMER rabbits. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3749-3756. [PMID: 37310292 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2219705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the associations between the c.189G > T polymorphism of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene and the growth and litter size-related traits in the Native rabbit in Middle Egypt (NMER). One hundred sixty-two NMER rabbits were genotyped by RFLP-PCR using Sau3AI restriction enzyme and the associations of the reported genotypes with body weights at 5th, 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th week old, body gain, and daily gain plus, the litter size-related traits were determined. Additionally, the genotypic and allelic frequencies, the effective (Ne) and observed (NA) numbers of alleles, observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), and the decrease in heterozygosity because of inbreeding (FIS) were calculated. Three genotypes; GG, GT, and TT with 0.65, 0.33, and 0.02 frequencies, respectively which fit HWE were reported. These genotypes displayed a marked low FIS value. Significant associations of the genotypes with the body weights, and gains, except at the 5th week old determined with superiority of the GT genotype compared with the other genotypes. All reported litter size-related traits significantly varied among different genotypes. In summary, the c.189G > T SNP of the IRS-1 gene is an effective genetic marker to improve growth performance and litter size traits of the NMER rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa Fathy Megahed
- Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Giza, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M Abdel-Kafy
- Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Seham El-Kassas
- Animal, Poultry and Fish Breeding and Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Hassan Mohamed Sobhy
- Department of Natural Resources faculty of African postgraduate studies, Cairo university, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman A Manaa
- Animal and Poultry Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Qalyubia, Egypt
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Burton MA, Antoun E, Garratt ES, Westbury L, Baczynska A, Dennison EM, Harvey NC, Cooper C, Patel HP, Godfrey KM, Lillycrop KA. Adiposity is associated with widespread transcriptional changes and downregulation of longevity pathways in aged skeletal muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:1762-1774. [PMID: 37199333 PMCID: PMC10401538 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amongst healthy older people, a number of correlates of impaired skeletal muscle mass and function have been defined. Although the prevalence of obesity is increasing markedly in this age group, information is sparse about the particular impacts of obesity on ageing skeletal muscle or the molecular mechanisms that underlie this and associated disease risk. METHODS Here, we examined genome-wide transcriptional changes using RNA sequencing in muscle biopsies from 40 older community-dwelling men from the Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study with regard to obesity (body mass index [BMI] >30 kg/m2 , n = 7), overweight (BMI 25-30, n = 19), normal weight (BMI < 25, n = 14), and per cent and total fat mass. In addition, we used EPIC DNA methylation array data to investigate correlations between DNA methylation and gene expression in aged skeletal muscle tissue and investigated the relationship between genes within altered regulatory pathways and muscle histological parameters. RESULTS Individuals with obesity demonstrated a prominent modified transcriptional signature in muscle tissue, with a total of 542 differentially expressed genes associated with obesity (false discovery rate ≤0.05), of which 425 genes were upregulated when compared with normal weight. Upregulated genes were enriched in immune response (P = 3.18 × 10-41 ) and inflammation (leucocyte activation, P = 1.47 × 10-41 ; tumour necrosis factor, P = 2.75 × 10-15 ) signalling pathways and downregulated genes enriched in longevity (P = 1.5 × 10-3 ) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (P = 4.5 × 10-3 ) signalling pathways. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes in both longevity and AMPK signalling pathways were associated with a change in DNA methylation, with a total of 256 and 360 significant cytosine-phosphate-guanine-gene correlations identified, respectively. Similar changes in the muscle transcriptome were observed with respect to per cent fat mass and total fat mass. Obesity was further associated with a significant increase in type II fast-fibre area (P = 0.026), of which key regulatory genes within both longevity and AMPK pathways were significantly associated. CONCLUSIONS We provide for the first time a global transcriptomic profile of skeletal muscle in older people with and without obesity, demonstrating modulation of key genes and pathways implicated in the regulation of muscle function, changes in DNA methylation associated with such pathways and associations between genes within the modified pathways implicated in muscle regulation and changes in muscle fibre type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Burton
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Elie Antoun
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Emma S. Garratt
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Leo Westbury
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Alica Baczynska
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Elaine M. Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Victoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Nicholas C. Harvey
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Harnish P. Patel
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
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Yang Y, Yu J, Huo J, Yan Y. Sesamin Attenuates Obesity-Associated Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet-Fed Mice. J Med Food 2023; 26:176-184. [PMID: 36637806 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effects of sesamin on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). High-fat and high-fructose diet-fed mice supplemented with or without sesamin. The results suggested that sesamin-treated mice lost body weight and fat tissue weight, had lower levels of serum metabolic parameters, and insulin resistance was mitigated. Histological examinations showed that sesamin treatment mitigated the progression of hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. In addition, sesamin enhanced hepatic antioxidant capacity, and decreased the activations of hepatic c-jun N-terminal kinase, inhibitor of kappa B kinase α, and insulin receptor substrate 1 as well as hepatic interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. Further experiments indicated that sesamin treatment downregulated GRP78 and phospho-inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) expression, and upregulated x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) expression in hepatic tissue. The aforementioned results suggest that sesamin alleviates obesity-associated NASH, which might be linked to the effect of sesamin on the regulation of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress-IRE1/XBP1 pathway. Thus, sesamin may be a good food functional ingredient in the treatment of obesity-associated NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayao Huo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Baghdadi M, Nespital T, Mesaros A, Buschbaum S, Withers DJ, Grönke S, Partridge L. Reduced insulin signaling in neurons induces sex-specific health benefits. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8137. [PMID: 36812323 PMCID: PMC9946356 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reduced activity of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) extends health and life span in mammals. Loss of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1) gene increases survival in mice and causes tissue-specific changes in gene expression. However, the tissues underlying IIS-mediated longevity are currently unknown. Here, we measured survival and health span in mice lacking IRS1 specifically in liver, muscle, fat, and brain. Tissue-specific loss of IRS1 did not increase survival, suggesting that lack of IRS1 in more than one tissue is required for life-span extension. Loss of IRS1 in liver, muscle, and fat did not improve health. In contrast, loss of neuronal IRS1 increased energy expenditure, locomotion, and insulin sensitivity, specifically in old males. Neuronal loss of IRS1 also caused male-specific mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of Atf4, and metabolic adaptations consistent with an activated integrated stress response at old age. Thus, we identified a male-specific brain signature of aging in response to reduced IIS associated with improved health at old age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Nespital
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Mesaros
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Dominic J. Withers
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
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Beilerli A, Kudriashov V, Sufianov A, Kostin A, Begliarzade S, Ilyasova T, Liang Y, Mukhamedzyanov A, Beylerli O. Regulation and mechanism of action of miRNAs on insulin resistance in skeletal muscles. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:218-223. [PMID: 36860209 PMCID: PMC9969252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The term "insulin resistance" is commonly understood as a decrease in the response of insulin-sensitive tissues to insulin at its sufficient concentration, leading to chronic compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is based on mechanisms consisting in the development of resistance to insulin in target cells (hepatocytes, adipocytes, skeletal muscle cells), resulting in the termination of an adequate response of these tissues to interaction with insulin. Since in healthy people 75-80% of glucose is utilized by skeletal muscle, it is more likely that the main cause of insulin resistance is impaired insulin-stimulated glucose utilization by skeletal muscle. With insulin resistance, skeletal muscles do not respond to insulin at its normal concentration, thereby determining an increase in glucose levels and a compensatory increase in insulin production in response to this. Despite many years of studying diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance, the molecular genetic basis for the development of these pathological conditions is still the subject of numerous studies. Recent studies point to the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) as dynamic modifiers in the pathogenesis of various diseases. MiRNAs are a separate class of RNA molecules that play a key role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs dysregulation in DM is closely related to miRNAs regulatory abilities in skeletal muscle insulin resistance. This gave grounds to consider an increase or decrease in the expression of individual microRNAs in muscle tissue and consider them as new biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring insulin resistance and promising directions for targeted therapy. This review presents the results of scientific studies examining the role of miRNAs in skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aferin Beilerli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tyumen State Medical University, 54 Odesskaya Street, 625023, Tyumen, Russia
| | | | - Albert Sufianov
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Kostin
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis Innovative Technologies, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sema Begliarzade
- Republican Clinical Perinatal Center, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450106, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia
| | - Yanchao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | | | - Ozal Beylerli
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Corresponding author. Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
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Banik SK, Baishya S, Das Talukdar A, Choudhury MD. Network analysis of atherosclerotic genes elucidates druggable targets. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:42. [PMID: 35241081 PMCID: PMC8893053 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is one of the major causes of cardiovascular disease. It is characterized by the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque in arteries under the influence of inflammatory responses, proliferation of smooth muscle cell, accumulation of modified low density lipoprotein. The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis involves the interplay of a number of genes and metabolic pathways. In traditional translation method, only a limited number of genes and pathways can be studied at once. However, the new paradigm of network medicine can be explored to study the interaction of a large array of genes and their functional partners and their connections with the concerned disease pathogenesis. Thus, in our study we employed a branch of network medicine, gene network analysis as a tool to identify the most crucial genes and the miRNAs that regulate these genes at the post transcriptional level responsible for pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Result From NCBI database 988 atherosclerotic genes were retrieved. The protein–protein interaction using STRING database resulted in 22,693 PPI interactions among 872 nodes (genes) at different confidence score. The cluster analysis of the 872 genes using MCODE, a plug-in of Cytoscape software revealed a total of 18 clusters, the topological parameter and gene ontology analysis facilitated in the selection of four influential genes viz., AGT, LPL, ITGB2, IRS1 from cluster 3. Further, the miRNAs (miR-26, miR-27, and miR-29 families) targeting these genes were obtained by employing MIENTURNET webtool. Conclusion Gene network analysis assisted in filtering out the 4 probable influential genes and 3 miRNA families in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These genes, miRNAs can be targeted to restrict the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Given the importance of atherosclerosis, any approach in the understanding the genes involved in its pathogenesis can substantially enhance the health care system. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01195-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheuli Kangsa Banik
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Somorita Baishya
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Anupam Das Talukdar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
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Long W, Zhou T, Xuan X, Cao Q, Luo Z, Qin Y, Ning Q, Luo X, Xie X. IUGR with catch-up growth programs impaired insulin sensitivity through LRP6/IRS-1 in male rats. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-21-0203.R1. [PMID: 34825892 PMCID: PMC8789020 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction combined with postnatal accelerated growth (CG-IUGR) could lead to long-term detrimental metabolic outcomes characterized by insulin resistance. As an indispensable co-receptor of Wnt signaling, LRP6 plays a critical role in the susceptibility of metabolic disorders. However, whether LRP6 is involved in the metabolic programing is still unknown. We hypothesized that CG-IUGR programed impaired insulin sensitivity through the impaired LRP6-mediated Wnt signaling in skeletal muscle. A CG-IUGR rat model was employed. The transcriptional and translational alterations of the components of the Wnt and the insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle of the male CG-IUGR rats were determined. The role of LRP6 on the insulin signaling was evaluated by shRNA knockdown or Wnt3a stimulation of LRP6. Compared with controls, the male CG-IUGR rats showed an insulin-resistant phenotype, with impaired insulin signaling and decreased expression of LRP6/β-catenin in skeletal muscle. LRP6 knockdown led to reduced expression of the IR-β/IRS-1 in C2C12 cell line, while Wnt3a-mediated LRP6 expression increased the expression of IRS-1 and IGF-1R but not IR-β in the primary muscle cells of male CG-IUGR rats. The impaired LRP6/β-catenin/IGF-1R/IRS-1 signaling is probably one of the critical mechanisms underlying the programed impaired insulin sensitivity in male CG-IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Long
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tuo Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuping Xuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiuli Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zuojie Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yingfen Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuemei Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to X Xie:
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Zasu A, Hishima F, Thauvin M, Yoneyama Y, Kitani Y, Hakuno F, Volovitch M, Takahashi SI, Vriz S, Rampon C, Kamei H. NADPH-Oxidase Derived Hydrogen Peroxide and Irs2b Facilitate Re-oxygenation-Induced Catch-Up Growth in Zebrafish Embryo. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:929668. [PMID: 35846271 PMCID: PMC9283716 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.929668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation induces multiple changes at the cellular and organismal levels, and its re-supply also brings another special physiological status. We have investigated the effects of hypoxia/re-oxygenation on embryonic growth using the zebrafish model: hypoxia slows embryonic growth, but re-oxygenation induces growth spurt or catch-up growth. The mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK)-pathway downstream insulin-like growth factor (IGF/Igf) has been revealed to positively regulate the re-oxygenation-induced catch-up growth, and the role of reactive oxygen species generated by environmental oxygen fluctuation is potentially involved in the phenomenon. Here, we report the role of NADPH-oxidase (Nox)-dependent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in the MAPK-activation and catch-up growth. The inhibition of Nox significantly blunted catch-up growth and MAPK-activity. Amongst two zebrafish insulin receptor substrate 2 genes (irs2a and irs2b), the loss of irs2b, but not its paralog irs2a, resulted in blunted MAPK-activation and catch-up growth. Furthermore, irs2b forcedly expressed in mammalian cells allowed IGF-MAPK augmentation in the presence of H2O2, and the irs2b deficiency completely abolished the somatotropic action of Nox in re-oxygenation condition. These results indicate that redox signaling alters IGF/Igf signaling to facilitate hypoxia/re-oxygenation-induced embryonic growth compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Zasu
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Noto, Japan
| | - Futa Hishima
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Noto, Japan
| | - Marion Thauvin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Doctorale 515-Complexité du Vivant, Paris, France
| | - Yosuke Yoneyama
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kitani
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hakuno
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michel Volovitch
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
- Department of Biology, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
- Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM), Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) University, Sorbonne Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sophie Vriz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
- Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM), Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) University, Sorbonne Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Université Paris-Cité, Faculty of Sciences, Paris, France
| | - Christine Rampon
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
- Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM), Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) University, Sorbonne Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Université Paris-Cité, Faculty of Sciences, Paris, France
| | - Hiroyasu Kamei
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Noto, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroyasu Kamei,
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Wang H, Wang J, Zhu Y, Yan H, Lu Y. Effects of Different Intensity Exercise on Glucose Metabolism and Hepatic IRS/PI3K/AKT Pathway in SD Rats Exposed with TCDD. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13141. [PMID: 34948750 PMCID: PMC8701401 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of different intensity exercise and 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure on glucose metabolism in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, as well as the action of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase (AKT) signaling pathway in it. Besides that, we explored whether exercise can alleviate the toxicity induced by TCDD. Sixty male SD rats (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into non-exercise group, none-exercise toxic group, moderate-intensity exercise group, moderate-intensity exercise toxic group, high-intensity exercise group, high-intensity exercise toxic group. The toxic groups were intraperitoneally injected with TCDD, which the dose was 6.4 µg/kg· BW for the first week, then 21% of the above week dose for continuous 8 weeks. The 8-week treadmill running of moderate intensity (15 m/min, 60 min/day) and high intensity (26 m/min, 35 min/day) were implemented separately in exercise groups five times a week. After detecting the concentration of fasting serum glucose, insulin and C-peptide, the index of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and islet β-cell secretion (HOMA-β) were calculated. We measured the hepatic mRNA expression levels of IRS2, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), AKT by real-time PCR. The protein expression of total IRS2 (tIRS2), phosphorylated IRS2 at Ser731 (pSer731), total PIK3CA (tPIK3CA), total Akt (tAkt), phosphorylated Akt at Thr308 (pThr308) in liver were analyzed by western blot. We observed that compared to the non-exercise group, insulin and HOMA-IR index were significantly higher in the none-exercise toxic group (p < 0.05), while glucose, insulin, C-peptide and HOMA-IR index were significantly lower in the moderate-intensity exercise group (p < 0.05). In the high-intensity exercise group, the HOMA-IR index was significantly lower and the gene expression of IRS2 was significantly higher than in the non-exercise group (p < 0.05). Besides that, the HOMA-β index in the moderate-intensity exercise toxic group was significantly higher compared to the none-exercise toxic group and moderate-intensity exercise group (p < 0.05). The level of IRS2mRNA was significantly lower in the high-intensity exercise toxic group than in the high-intensity exercise group (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrated that 8-week TCDD exposure could induce insulin resistance in rats, while exercise could improve insulin sensitivity in which moderate intensity was more obvious than high intensity exercise. Meanwhile, both intensity exercise could not effectively alleviate the insulin resistance induced by TCDD, but high intensity exercise could promote compensatory insulin secretion to maintain glucose homeostasis. Although the gene expression of IRS2 was changed in high-intensity exercise groups, the mediation role of the hepatic IRS2/PI3K/AKT pathway in the effects of exercise and TCDD exposure on glucose metabolism remains very limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huohuo Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (H.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (H.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yihua Zhu
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (H.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Huiping Yan
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (H.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yifan Lu
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (H.W.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Fitness of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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11
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Free fatty acid impairs myogenic differentiation through AMPKα-miR-206 pathway. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 42:e0032721. [PMID: 34694913 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00327-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of AMPKα is reduced in type-2 diabetes, and type-2 diabetes is associated with muscular atrophy. To date, there is little known about the mechanism by which FFA participates in muscular impairment. The purpose of the present study was to explore whether FFA damages myogenesis through AMPKα-HDAC4-miR-206 pathway. The results showed that 1mM FFA produced lipid accumulation, significantly impaired insulin signaling pathway and decreased myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells. FFA reduced LKB1-AMPKα pathway; activation of AMPKα rescued the myogenic impairment caused by FFA (P < 0.05). AMPKα promoted myogenesis by regulating the expression of miR-206 through HDAC4 (P < 0.05); AMPKα affected cell cycle and cell proliferation to promote myogenesis by regulating miR-206 and miR-206's target gene - cyclin D1. In addition, AICAR and HDAC4 siRNA promoted myogenic differentiation compared with FFA group; however, this positive effect was significantly down-regulated after transfection of miR-206 inhibitor. In summary, AMPKα plays positive roles in myogenic differentiation and myogenesis, and FFA decreased myogenic differentiation and myotubes formation through AMPKα-HDAC4-miR-206 pathway.
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Batista TM, Jayavelu AK, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Iovino S, Lebastchi J, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Krook A, Zierath JR, Mann M, Kahn CR. A Cell-Autonomous Signature of Dysregulated Protein Phosphorylation Underlies Muscle Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Metab 2020; 32:844-859.e5. [PMID: 32888406 PMCID: PMC7875546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is the earliest defect in type 2 diabetes (T2D), preceding and predicting disease development. To what extent this reflects a primary defect or is secondary to tissue cross talk due to changes in hormones or circulating metabolites is unknown. To address this question, we have developed an in vitro disease-in-a-dish model using iPS cells from T2D patients differentiated into myoblasts (iMyos). We find that T2D iMyos in culture exhibit multiple defects mirroring human disease, including an altered insulin signaling, decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and reduced mitochondrial oxidation. More strikingly, global phosphoproteomic analysis reveals a multidimensional network of signaling defects in T2D iMyos going beyond the canonical insulin-signaling cascade, including proteins involved in regulation of Rho GTPases, mRNA splicing and/or processing, vesicular trafficking, gene transcription, and chromatin remodeling. These cell-autonomous defects and the dysregulated network of protein phosphorylation reveal a new dimension in the cellular mechanisms underlying the fundamental defects in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M Batista
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar Jayavelu
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Salvatore Iovino
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jasmin Lebastchi
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Defour M, Michielsen CCJR, O'Donovan SD, Afman LA, Kersten S. Transcriptomic signature of fasting in human adipose tissue. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:451-467. [PMID: 32866087 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00083.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about gene regulation by fasting in human adipose tissue. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fasting on adipose tissue gene expression in humans. To that end, subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were collected from 11 volunteers 2 and 26 h after consumption of a standardized meal. For comparison, epididymal adipose tissue was collected from C57Bl/6J mice in the ab libitum-fed state and after a 16 h fast. The timing of sampling adipose tissue roughly corresponds with the near depletion of liver glycogen. Transcriptome analysis was carried out using Affymetrix microarrays. We found that, 1) fasting downregulated numerous metabolic pathways in human adipose tissue, including triglyceride and fatty acid synthesis, glycolysis and glycogen synthesis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial translation, and insulin signaling; 2) fasting downregulated genes involved in proteasomal degradation in human adipose tissue; 3) fasting had much less pronounced effects on the adipose tissue transcriptome in humans than mice; 4) although major overlap in fasting-induced gene regulation was observed between human and mouse adipose tissue, many genes were differentially regulated in the two species, including genes involved in insulin signaling (PRKAG2, PFKFB3), PPAR signaling (PPARG, ACSL1, HMGCS2, SLC22A5, ACOT1), glycogen metabolism (PCK1, PYGB), and lipid droplets (PLIN1, PNPLA2, CIDEA, CIDEC). In conclusion, although numerous genes and pathways are regulated similarly by fasting in human and mouse adipose tissue, many genes show very distinct responses to fasting in humans and mice. Our data provide a useful resource to study adipose tissue function during fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel Defour
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte C J R Michielsen
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shauna D O'Donovan
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin shares a limited physiological concentration range with other endocrine hormones. Not only too low, but also too high systemic insulin levels are detrimental for body functions. MAIN BODY The physiological function and clinical relevance of insulin are usually seen in association with its role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. However, insulin is an anabolic hormone which stimulates a large number of cellular responses. Not only too low, but also excess insulin concentrations are detrimental to the physiological balance. Although the glucoregulatory activity of insulin is mitigated during hyperinsulinemia by dampening the efficiency of insulin signaling ("insulin resistance"), this is not the case for most other hormonal actions of insulin, including the promotion of protein synthesis, de novo lipogenesis, and cell proliferation; the inhibition of lipolysis, of autophagy-dependent cellular turnover, and of nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)-dependent antioxidative; and other defense mechanisms. Hence, there is no general insulin resistance but selective impairment of insulin signaling which causes less glucose uptake from the blood and reduced activation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Because of the largely unrestricted insulin signaling, hyperinsulinemia increases the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease and decreases health span and life expectancy. In epidemiological studies, high-dose insulin therapy is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Randomized controlled trials of insulin treatment did not observe any effect on disease risk, but these trials only studied low insulin doses up to 40 IU/day. Proof for a causal link between elevated insulin levels and cardiovascular disease risk comes from Mendelian randomization studies comparing individuals with genetically controlled low or high insulin production. CONCLUSIONS The detrimental actions of prolonged high insulin concentrations, seen also in cell culture, argue in favor of a lifestyle that limits circadian insulin levels. The health risks associated with hyperinsulinemia may have implications for treatment regimens used in type 2 diabetes.
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Metastasis of Uveal Melanoma with Monosomy-3 Is Associated with a Less Glycogenetic Gene Expression Profile and the Dysregulation of Glycogen Storage. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082101. [PMID: 32751097 PMCID: PMC7463985 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prolonged storage of glucose as glycogen can promote the quiescence of tumor cells, whereas the accumulation of an aberrant form of glycogen without the primer protein glycogenin can induce the metabolic switch towards a glycolytic phenotype. Here, we analyzed the expression of n = 67 genes involved in glycogen metabolism on the uveal melanoma (UM) cohort of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) study and validated the differentially expressed genes in an independent cohort. We also evaluated the glycogen levels with regard to the prognostic factors via a differential periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. UMs with monosomy-3 exhibited a less glycogenetic and more insulin-resistant gene expression profile, together with the reduction of glycogen levels, which were associated with the metastases. Expression of glycogenin-1 (Locus: 3q24) was lower in the monosomy-3 tumors, whereas the complementary isoform glycogenin-2 (Locus: Xp22.33) was upregulated in females. Remarkably, glycogen was more abundant in the monosomy-3 tumors of male versus female patients. We therefore provide the first evidence to the dysregulation of glycogen metabolism as a novel factor that may be aggravating the course of UM particularly in males.
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Bao S, Wu YL, Wang X, Han S, Cho S, Ao W, Nan JX. Agriophyllum oligosaccharides ameliorate hepatic injury in type 2 diabetic db/db mice targeting INS-R/IRS-2/PI3K/AKT/PPAR-γ/Glut4 signal pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112863. [PMID: 32302715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq. is a traditional Mongol medicine generally used to treat diabetes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of Agriophyllum oligosaccharides (AOS) on liver injury in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The db/db mice were divided into the model group (Model), metformin group (MET), high-dose AOS group (HAOS), and low-dose AOS group (LAOS). Nondiabetic littermate control db/m mice were used as the normal control group (Control). Mice in AOS groups were treated with AOS (380 or 750 mg/kg) daily, for 8 weeks. At 8 weeks, blood samples were collected to detect lipid and enzyme parameters concerning hepatic function, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Random blood glucose (RBG) test, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and oral maltose tolerance test (OMTT) were also conducted. Microscopy was used to observe morphological changes in the liver of AOS-treated groups. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression, including insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, insulin receptor (INS-R), and Glut4. Furthermore, western blotting was performed to identify proteins, including phosphorylation of IRS-2 (p-IRS-2), PI3K, p-AKT, PPAR-γ, INS-R, and Glut4. Hepatic protein expression of p-IRS-2, PI3K, p-AKT, PPAR-γ, INS-R, and Glut4 was observed using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AOS treatment significantly decreased RBG, OGTT, and OMTT in mice, as well as serum ALT and AST activities. AOS groups demonstrated significantly higher expressions of p-IRS-2, PI3K, PPAR-γ, p-AKT, INS-R, and Glut4 protein and IRS-2, PI3K, AKT, PPAR-γ, INS-R, and Glut4 mRNA in the liver tissue of db/db mice; the degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes and formation of collagen fibres markedly reduced, improving the structural disorder in the liver. CONCLUSION The results suggest that AOS could protect the liver in type 2 diabetes, in part by activating insulin in the INS-R/IRS2/PI3K/AKT/Glut4/PPAR-γ signal pathway, facilitating hepatocyte proliferation, and further reducing the blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyin Bao
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, PR China; Medical College, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, PR China
| | - Xiuzhi Wang
- Department of Medicines and Foods, Tongliao Vocational College, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Shuying Han
- Basic Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, PR China
| | - SungBo Cho
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Wuliji Ao
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, PR China.
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, PR China; Clinical Research Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, PR China.
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Fan C, Liang W, Wei M, Gou X, Han S, Bai J. Effects of D-Chiro-Inositol on Glucose Metabolism in db/db Mice and the Associated Underlying Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:354. [PMID: 32273844 PMCID: PMC7113635 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we observed the effect of D-chiro-inositol (DCI) on glucose consumption in type 2 diabetic db/db mice, and investigated the relevant mechanism. We discovered that the stability of 24-h blood glucose under the nonfasting condition and decreased glucose tolerance were both alleviated after treatment with DCI. Moreover, the content of glycosylated protein and advanced glycation end products in the serum was reduced, the damage in the liver tissue was alleviated, and the synthesis of liver glycogen was significantly promoted. In addition, DCI increased the expression of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), glucose transporters 4 (GLUT4), and phospho-AKT (S473) protein. In contrast, DCI decreased the expression level of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) protein in liver tissue to various degrees, as shown by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Furthermore, DCI increased the mRNA expression of IRS2, PI3K, AKT, and GLUT4, and reduced that of GSK3β in liver tissue, as demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction. Finally, DCI promoted glucose consumption in high glucose-stimulating HepG2 cells and increased the expression of IRS2 protein in HepG2 cells, as revealed by fluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Our results indicate that DCI can significantly improve glucose metabolism in diabetic mice and HepG2 cells. This effect may be associated with the upregulation of IRS2, PI3K, AKT, and GLUT4 and downregulation of GSK3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Fan
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Weishi Liang
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Min Wei
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiangbo Gou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shuying Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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Jiao P, Yuan Y, Zhang M, Sun Y, Wei C, Xie X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Chen Z, Wang X. PRL/microRNA-183/IRS1 Pathway Regulates Milk Fat Metabolism in Cow Mammary Epithelial Cells. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E196. [PMID: 32069836 PMCID: PMC7073568 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to understand the internal relationship between milk quality and lipid metabolism in cow mammary glands. A serial of studies was conducted to assess the molecular mechanism of PRL/microRNA-183/IRS1 (Insulin receptor substrate) pathway, which regulates milk fat metabolism in dairy cows. microRNA-183 (miR-183) was overexpressed and inhibited in cow mammary epithelial cells (CMECs), and its function was detected. The function of miR-183 in inhibiting milk fat metabolism was clarified by triglycerides (TAG), cholesterol and marker genes. There is a CpG island in the 5'-flanking promoter area of miR-183, which may inhibit the expression of miR-183 after methylation. Our results showed that prolactin (PRL) inhibited the expression of miR-183 by methylating the 5' terminal CpG island of miR-183. The upstream regulation of PRL on miR-183 was demonstrated, and construction of the lipid metabolism regulation network of microRNA-183 and target gene IRS1 was performed. These results reveal the molecular mechanism of PRL/miR-183/IRS1 pathway regulating milk fat metabolism in dairy cows, thus providing an experimental basis for the improvement of milk quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (P.J.); (M.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.W.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Meimei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (P.J.); (M.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.W.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Youran Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (P.J.); (M.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.W.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chuanzi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (P.J.); (M.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.W.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaolai Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (P.J.); (M.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.W.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (P.J.); (M.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.W.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Sutian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
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Bao S, Han S, Ao W. Effects of Agriophyllum squarrosum extracts on glucose metabolism in KKAy mice and the associated underlying mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 241:112009. [PMID: 31158442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq. is a traditional Mongol medicine commonly used in the treatment of diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY To examine the effects of Agriophyllum squarrosum extract (ASE) on glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic KKAy mice, and to investigate the mechanisms underlying these effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS KKAy mice were divided into a model control group (MCG), a low-dose Agriophyllum squarrosum extract group (LASEG), a medium-dose Agriophyllum squarrosum extract group (MASEG), a high-dose Agriophyllum squarrosum extract group (HASEG), and a metformin group (MEG). Syngeneic C57BL/6 mice were used as a normal control group (NCG). Drugs were administered to all mice by gavage for 8 weeks. Random blood glucose levels were measured in the mice at baseline and after 2, 4, and 8 weeks of treatment. Glucose tolerance was measured after 6 weeks of drug administration. After 8 weeks, glycated serum proteins (GSP) and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the serum of all mice were measured. Sections of mouse liver tissues were used for periodic acid-Schiff staining (PAS) and the content of hepatic glycogen was determined. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the effects of ASE on liver phospho-insulin receptor substrate 2 (P-IRS2) protein expression. Western blotting was used to quantify the protein expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, phospho-AKT (S473) (P-AKT), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and glucose transporters 4 (GLUT4), while PCR was used to quantify the mRNA expression levels of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2), PI3K, AKT, GSK3β, and GLUT4. RESULTS ASE treatment decreased random blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic KKAy mice; increased glucose tolerance; decreased serum GSP and AGEs content; increased glycogen synthesis in liver tissues; upregulated the protein expression levels of PI3K, AKT, GLUT4, and P-IRS2; downregulated the protein expression level of GSK3β in liver tissues; upregulated the mRNA expression levels of IRS2, PI3K, AKT, and GLUT4; and downregulated the mRNA expression level of GSK3β in liver tissues. CONCLUSION ASE treatment may increase glucose metabolism in KKAy mice and improve glucose tolerance. The underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of ASE may be associated with the increase of glycogen synthesis, the inhibition of AGEs production, the upregulation of IRS2, PI3K, AKT, and GLUT4 protein and mRNA expression, and the downregulation of GSK3β protein and mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyin Bao
- College of Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationlities, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Shuying Han
- Basic Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Wuliji Ao
- School of Mongol Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationlities, Tongliao, 028000, China.
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Jackson EN, Thatcher SE, Larian N, English V, Soman S, Morris AJ, Weng J, Stromberg A, Swanson HI, Pearson K, Cassis LA. Effects of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Deficiency on PCB-77-Induced Impairment of Glucose Homeostasis during Weight Loss in Male and Female Obese Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:77004. [PMID: 31306034 PMCID: PMC6794491 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipophilic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) accumulate with obesity, but during weight loss, liberated PCBs act as ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to negatively influence health. Previous studies demonstrated that PCB-77 administration to obese male mice impaired glucose tolerance during weight loss. Recent studies indicate higher toxic equivalencies of dioxin-like PCBs in exposed females than males. OBJECTIVES We compared effects of PCB-77 on weight gain or loss and glucose homeostasis in male vs. female mice. We defined effects of AhR deficiency during weight gain or loss in male and female mice exposed to PCB-77. METHODS Study design was vehicle (VEH) or PCB-77 administration while fed a high-fat (HF) diet for 12 wk, followed by weight loss for 4 wk. The following groups were examined: male and female C57BL/6 mice administered VEH or PCB-77, female [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mice administered VEH or PCB-77, and male [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mice administered PCB-77. Glucose tolerance was quantified during weight gain (week 11) and loss (week 15); liver and adipose AhR and IRS2 (insulin receptor substrate 2) mRNA abundance, and PCB-77 concentrations were quantified at week 16. RESULTS PCB-77 attenuated development of obesity in females but not males. During weight loss, PCB-77 impaired glucose tolerance of males. AhR-deficient females (VEH) were resistant to diet-induced obesity. Compared with VEH-treated mice, HF-fed [Formula: see text] females treated with PCB-77 has less weight gain, and [Formula: see text] females had greater weight gain. During weight loss, [Formula: see text] females but not [Formula: see text] males treated with PCB-77 exhibited impaired glucose tolerance. In [Formula: see text] females administered PCB-77, IRS2 mRNA abundance was lower in adipose tissue compared with VEH-treated mice. CONCLUSION Male and female mice responded differently to PCB-77 and AhR deficiency in body weight (BW) regulation and glucose homeostasis. AhR deficiency reversed PCB-77-induced glucose impairment of obese males losing weight but augmented glucose intolerance of females. These results demonstrate sex differences in PCB-77-induced regulation of glucose homeostasis of mice. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4133.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N. Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sean E. Thatcher
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nika Larian
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Victoria English
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sony Soman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jiaying Weng
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Arnold Stromberg
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hollie I. Swanson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kevin Pearson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lisa A. Cassis
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Abstract
Reduction of insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling (IIS) extends the lifespan of various species. So far, several longevity mouse models have been developed containing mutations related to growth signaling deficiency by targeting growth hormone (GH), IGF1, IGF1 receptor, insulin receptor, and insulin receptor substrate. In addition, p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) knockout leads to lifespan extension. S6K1 encodes an important kinase in the regulation of cell growth. S6K1 is regulated by mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1. The v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC)-deficient mice also exhibits a longevity phenotype. The gene expression profiles of these mice models have been measured to identify their longevity mechanisms. Here, we summarize our knowledge of long-lived mouse models related to growth and discuss phenotypic characteristics, including organ-specific gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Soo Kim
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Cheol-Koo Lee
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Korea
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22
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Persistent Organic Pollutant-Mediated Insulin Resistance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030448. [PMID: 30717446 PMCID: PMC6388367 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as organochlorine (OC) pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) have become wide-spread environmental contaminants as a consequence of their extensive use, long-range transport, and persistence. Because POPs are highly resistant to metabolic degradation, humans bioaccumulate these lipophilic and hydrophobic pollutants in fatty tissues for many years. Previous studies have demonstrated that POPs including PCBs are involved in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 and insulin resistance. Numerous epidemiological studies suggest an association between POP burden and DM type 2/metabolic syndrome. In addition, several experimental studies have provided additional evidence supporting the association between POP exposure and DM type 2 or insulin resistance. Epidemiological and experimental studies have provided compelling evidence indicating that exposure to POPs increases the risk of developing insulin resistance and metabolic disorders. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying POP-induced insulin resistance is yet to be elucidated. In this article, we review literature that has reported on the association between POP burden and insulin resistance and the mechanism underlying POP-induced insulin resistance, and discuss implications for public health.
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23
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Plausible Links Between Metabolic Networks, Stem Cells, and Longevity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1201:355-388. [PMID: 31898793 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable consequence of life, and all multicellular organisms undergo a decline in tissue and organ functions as they age. Several well-known risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes, and lack of physical activity that lead to the cardiovascular system, decline and impede the function of vital organs, ultimately limit overall life span. Over recent years, aging research has experienced an unparalleled growth, particularly with the discovery and recognition of genetic pathways and biochemical processes that control to some extent the rate of aging.In this chapter, we focus on several aspects of stem cell biology and aging, beginning with major cellular hallmarks of aging, endocrine regulation of aging and its impact on stem cell compartment, and mechanisms of increased longevity. We then discuss the role of epigenetic modifications associated with aging and provide an overview on a most recent search of antiaging modalities.
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24
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Vassilakos G, Barton ER. Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Regulation and Its Actions in Skeletal Muscle. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:413-438. [PMID: 30549022 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway is essential for promoting growth and survival of virtually all tissues. It bears high homology to its related protein insulin, and as such, there is an interplay between these molecules with regard to their anabolic and metabolic functions. Skeletal muscle produces a significant proportion of IGF-1, and is highly responsive to its actions, including increased muscle mass and improved regenerative capacity. In this overview, the regulation of IGF-1 production, stability, and activity in skeletal muscle will be described. Second, the physiological significance of the forms of IGF-1 produced will be discussed. Last, the interaction of IGF-1 with other pathways will be addressed. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:413-438, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Vassilakos
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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25
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de França IR, Meneses-Santos D, Moreira GV, Lima FB, Carvalho CRDO, Marçal AC. Insulin signaling pathway in the masseter muscle of dexamethasone-treated rats. Interv Med Appl Sci 2018; 10:226-232. [PMID: 30792919 PMCID: PMC6376360 DOI: 10.1556/1646.10.2018.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The treatment with glucocorticoids may induce molecular changes in the level and/or degree of phosphorylation of proteins located downstream of the insulin receptor/insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR/IGF1R) in many tissues. However, few studies have investigated the intracellular insulin pathway in the masseter muscle. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the IR/IGF1R signaling pathway in the masseter muscle of rats treated with dexamethasone. Materials and methods Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control group (intraperitoneally injected with 0.9% NaCl solution) and dexamethasone group [intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg (bw) dexamethasone solution] for 10 consecutive days. Sections of the masseter muscle were removed at time zero and after the infusion of regular insulin into the portal vein. Results Dexamethasone administration induces body weight loss without changing masseter muscle weight and reduces the expression of total IR and PI3K proteins; total levels of IRS1, Akt, and ERK1 remain unchanged between groups. The degree of phosphorylation/activity of IRS1 after insulin stimulus increased only in the control group; degree of phosphorylation of Akt increased in both groups, but this increase was attenuated in the dexamethasone group. Discussion and conclusion The degree of phosphorylation/activity in the masseter muscle is different from that in other muscle territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rabelo de França
- Department of Medicine, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Daniela Meneses-Santos
- Department of Morphology, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Virginia Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Bessa Lima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Carlos Marçal
- Department of Morphology, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
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26
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Ibáñez L, Oberfield SE, Witchel S, Auchus RJ, Chang RJ, Codner E, Dabadghao P, Darendeliler F, Elbarbary NS, Gambineri A, Garcia Rudaz C, Hoeger KM, López-Bermejo A, Ong K, Peña AS, Reinehr T, Santoro N, Tena-Sempere M, Tao R, Yildiz BO, Alkhayyat H, Deeb A, Joel D, Horikawa R, de Zegher F, Lee PA. An International Consortium Update: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Adolescence. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 88:371-395. [PMID: 29156452 DOI: 10.1159/000479371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper represents an international collaboration of paediatric endocrine and other societies (listed in the Appendix) under the International Consortium of Paediatric Endocrinology (ICPE) aiming to improve worldwide care of adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)1. The manuscript examines pathophysiology and guidelines for the diagnosis and management of PCOS during adolescence. The complex pathophysiology of PCOS involves the interaction of genetic and epigenetic changes, primary ovarian abnormalities, neuroendocrine alterations, and endocrine and metabolic modifiers such as anti-Müllerian hormone, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, adiposity, and adiponectin levels. Appropriate diagnosis of adolescent PCOS should include adequate and careful evaluation of symptoms, such as hirsutism, severe acne, and menstrual irregularities 2 years beyond menarche, and elevated androgen levels. Polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound without hyperandrogenism or menstrual irregularities should not be used to diagnose adolescent PCOS. Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and obesity may be present in adolescents with PCOS, but are not considered to be diagnostic criteria. Treatment of adolescent PCOS should include lifestyle intervention, local therapies, and medications. Insulin sensitizers like metformin and oral contraceptive pills provide short-term benefits on PCOS symptoms. There are limited data on anti-androgens and combined therapies showing additive/synergistic actions for adolescents. Reproductive aspects and transition should be taken into account when managing adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERDEM, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sharon E Oberfield
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, CUMC, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Selma Witchel
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - R Jeffrey Chang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ethel Codner
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, University of Chile, School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Preeti Dabadghao
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Alessandra Gambineri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garcia Rudaz
- Division of Women, Youth and Children, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kathleen M Hoeger
- Department of OBGYN, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Ken Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexia S Peña
- The University of Adelaide and Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Reinehr
- University of Witten/Herdecke, Vestische Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Datteln, Germany
| | - Nicola Santoro
- Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Rachel Tao
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, CUMC, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bulent O Yildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haya Alkhayyat
- Medical University of Bahrain, BDF Hospital, Riffa, Bahrein
| | - Asma Deeb
- Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dipesalema Joel
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Botswana Teaching Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Reiko Horikawa
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Francis de Zegher
- Department Pediatrics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter A Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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27
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Petersen MC, Shulman GI. Mechanisms of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:2133-2223. [PMID: 30067154 PMCID: PMC6170977 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00063.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1324] [Impact Index Per Article: 220.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some discoveries have matured, coalescing into solid and fertile ground for clinical application; others remain incompletely investigated and scientifically controversial. Here, we attempt to synthesize this work to guide further mechanistic investigation and to inform the development of novel therapies for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The rational development of such therapies necessitates detailed knowledge of one of the key pathophysiological processes involved in T2D: insulin resistance. Understanding insulin resistance, in turn, requires knowledge of normal insulin action. In this review, both the physiology of insulin action and the pathophysiology of insulin resistance are described, focusing on three key insulin target tissues: skeletal muscle, liver, and white adipose tissue. We aim to develop an integrated physiological perspective, placing the intricate signaling effectors that carry out the cell-autonomous response to insulin in the context of the tissue-specific functions that generate the coordinated organismal response. First, in section II, the effectors and effects of direct, cell-autonomous insulin action in muscle, liver, and white adipose tissue are reviewed, beginning at the insulin receptor and working downstream. Section III considers the critical and underappreciated role of tissue crosstalk in whole body insulin action, especially the essential interaction between adipose lipolysis and hepatic gluconeogenesis. The pathophysiology of insulin resistance is then described in section IV. Special attention is given to which signaling pathways and functions become insulin resistant in the setting of chronic overnutrition, and an alternative explanation for the phenomenon of ‟selective hepatic insulin resistanceˮ is presented. Sections V, VI, and VII critically examine the evidence for and against several putative mediators of insulin resistance. Section V reviews work linking the bioactive lipids diacylglycerol, ceramide, and acylcarnitine to insulin resistance; section VI considers the impact of nutrient stresses in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria on insulin resistance; and section VII discusses non-cell autonomous factors proposed to induce insulin resistance, including inflammatory mediators, branched-chain amino acids, adipokines, and hepatokines. Finally, in section VIII, we propose an integrated model of insulin resistance that links these mediators to final common pathways of metabolite-driven gluconeogenesis and ectopic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C Petersen
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
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28
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Rotermund C, Machetanz G, Fitzgerald JC. The Therapeutic Potential of Metformin in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:400. [PMID: 30072954 PMCID: PMC6060268 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for treatments for neurodegenerative diseases is a major concern in light of today's aging population and an increasing burden on individuals, families, and society. Although great advances have been made in the last decades to understand the underlying genetic and biological cause of these diseases, only some symptomatic treatments are available. Metformin has long since been used to treat Type 2 Diabetes and has been shown to be beneficial in several other conditions. Metformin is well-tested in vitro and in vivo and an approved compound that targets diverse pathways including mitochondrial energy production and insulin signaling. There is growing evidence for the benefits of metformin to counteract age-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. We will discuss evidence showing that certain neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes are explicitly linked and that metformin along with other diabetes drugs can reduce neurological symptoms in some patients and reduce disease phenotypes in animal and cell models. An interesting therapeutic factor might be how metformin is able to balance survival and death signaling in cells through pathways that are commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In healthy neurons, these overarching signals keep energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and proteostasis in check, avoiding the dysfunction and neuronal death that defines neurodegenerative disease. We will discuss the biological mechanisms involved and the relevance of neuronal vulnerability and potential difficulties for future trials and development of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerrit Machetanz
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia C. Fitzgerald
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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29
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Rotermund C, Machetanz G, Fitzgerald JC. The Therapeutic Potential of Metformin in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:400. [PMID: 30072954 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00400/xml/nlm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for treatments for neurodegenerative diseases is a major concern in light of today's aging population and an increasing burden on individuals, families, and society. Although great advances have been made in the last decades to understand the underlying genetic and biological cause of these diseases, only some symptomatic treatments are available. Metformin has long since been used to treat Type 2 Diabetes and has been shown to be beneficial in several other conditions. Metformin is well-tested in vitro and in vivo and an approved compound that targets diverse pathways including mitochondrial energy production and insulin signaling. There is growing evidence for the benefits of metformin to counteract age-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. We will discuss evidence showing that certain neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes are explicitly linked and that metformin along with other diabetes drugs can reduce neurological symptoms in some patients and reduce disease phenotypes in animal and cell models. An interesting therapeutic factor might be how metformin is able to balance survival and death signaling in cells through pathways that are commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In healthy neurons, these overarching signals keep energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and proteostasis in check, avoiding the dysfunction and neuronal death that defines neurodegenerative disease. We will discuss the biological mechanisms involved and the relevance of neuronal vulnerability and potential difficulties for future trials and development of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerrit Machetanz
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia C Fitzgerald
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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30
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Turaihi AH, Bakker W, van Hinsbergh VWM, Serné EH, Smulders YM, Niessen HWM, Eringa EC. Insulin Receptor Substrate 2 Controls Insulin-Mediated Vasoreactivity and Perivascular Adipose Tissue Function in Muscle. Front Physiol 2018; 9:245. [PMID: 29628894 PMCID: PMC5876319 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Insulin signaling in adipose tissue has been shown to regulate insulin's effects in muscle. In muscle, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and vascular insulin signaling regulate muscle perfusion. Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 2 has been shown to control adipose tissue function and glucose metabolism, and here we tested the hypothesis that IRS2 mediates insulin's actions on the vessel wall as well as the vasoactive properties of PVAT. Methods: We studied PVAT and muscle resistance arteries (RA) from littermate IRS2+/+ and IRS2−/− mice and vasoreactivity by pressure myography, vascular insulin signaling, adipokine expression, and release and PVAT morphology. As insulin induced constriction of IRS2+/+ RA in our mouse model, we also exposed RA's of C57/Bl6 mice to PVAT from IRS2+/+ and IRS2−/− littermates to evaluate vasodilator properties of PVAT. Results: IRS2−/− RA exhibited normal vasomotor function, yet a decreased maximal diameter compared to IRS2+/+ RA. IRS2+/+ vessels unexpectedly constricted endothelin-dependently in response to insulin, and this effect was absent in IRS2−/− RA due to reduced ERK1/2activation. For evaluation of PVAT function, we also used C57/Bl6 vessels with a neutral basal effect of insulin. In these experiments insulin (10.0 nM) increased diameter in the presence of IRS2+/+ PVAT (17 ± 4.8, p = 0.014), yet induced a 10 ± 7.6% decrease in diameter in the presence of IRS2−/− PVAT. Adipocytes in IRS2−/− PVAT (1314 ± 161 μm2) were larger (p = 0.0013) than of IRS2+/+ PVAT (915 ± 63 μm2). Adiponectin, IL-6, PAI-1 secretion were similar between IRS2+/+ and IRS2−/− PVAT, as were expression of pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α, CCL2) and adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, endothelin-1). Insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation in RA was similar in the presence of IRS2−/− and IRS2+/+ PVAT. Conclusion: In muscle, IRS2 regulates both insulin's vasoconstrictor effects, mediating ERK1/2-ET-1 activation, and its vasodilator effects, by mediating the vasodilator effect of PVAT. The regulatory role of IRS2 in PVAT is independent from adiponectin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Turaihi
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wineke Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik H Serné
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvo M Smulders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans W M Niessen
- Department of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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31
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Hansson B, Wasserstrom S, Morén B, Periwal V, Vikman P, Cushman SW, Göransson O, Storm P, Stenkula KG. Intact glucose uptake despite deteriorating signaling in adipocytes with high-fat feeding. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:199-211. [PMID: 29339400 PMCID: PMC7459392 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To capture immediate cellular changes during diet-induced expansion of adipocyte cell volume and number, we characterized mature adipocytes during a short-term high-fat diet (HFD) intervention. Male C57BL6/J mice were fed chow diet, and then switched to HFD for 2, 4, 6 or 14 days. Systemic glucose clearance was assessed by glucose tolerance test. Adipose tissue was dissected for RNA-seq and cell size distribution analysis using coulter counting. Insulin response in isolated adipocytes was monitored by glucose uptake assay and Western blotting, and confocal microscopy was used to assess autophagic activity. Switching to HFD was accompanied by an immediate adipocyte size expansion and onset of systemic insulin resistance already after two days, followed by recruitment of new adipocytes. Despite an initially increased non-stimulated and preserved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, we observed a decreased phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and protein kinase B (PKB). After 14 days of HFD, both the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) and glucose uptake was blunted. RNA-seq analysis of adipose tissue revealed transient changes in gene expression at day four, including highly significant upregulation of Trp53inp, previously demonstrated to be involved in autophagy. We confirmed increased autophagy, measured as an increased density of LC3-positive puncta and decreased p62 expression after 14 days of HFD. In conclusion, HFD rapidly induced systemic insulin resistance, whereas insulin-stimulated glucose uptake remained intact throughout 6 days of HFD feeding. We also identified autophagy as an early cellular process that potentially influences adipocyte function upon switching to HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Hansson
- Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Björn Morén
- Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vipul Periwal
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Petter Vikman
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Samuel W Cushman
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Olga Göransson
- Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Storm
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund University, Lund, Sweden
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Bertinat R, Westermeier F, Silva P, Gatica R, Oliveira JM, Nualart F, Gomis R, Yáñez AJ. The Antidiabetic Agent Sodium Tungstate Induces Abnormal Glycogen Accumulation in Renal Proximal Tubules from Diabetic IRS2-Knockout Mice. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:5697970. [PMID: 30003110 PMCID: PMC5996472 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5697970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is an insulin-sensitive organ involved in glucose homeostasis. One major effect of insulin is to induce glycogen storage in the liver and muscle. However, no significant glycogen stores are detected in normal kidneys, but diabetic subjects present a characteristic renal histopathological feature resulting from extensive glycogen deposition mostly in nonproximal tubules. The mechanism of renal glycogen accumulation is yet poorly understood. Here, we studied in situ glycogen accumulation in the kidney from diabetic IRS2-knockout mice and the effect of the insulin-mimetic agent sodium tungstate (NaW). IRS2-knockout mice displayed hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. NaW only normalized glycemia. There was no evident morphological difference between kidneys from untreated wild-type (WT), NaW-treated WT, and untreated IRS2-knockout mice. However, NaW-treated IRS2-knockout mice showed tubular alterations resembling clear cells in the cortex, but not in the outer medulla, that were correlated with glycogen accumulation. Immunohistochemical detection of the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, mostly expressed by renal proximal tubules, showed that altered tubules were of proximal origin. Our preliminary study suggests that IRS2 differentially regulates glycogen accumulation in renal tubules and that NaW treatment in the context of IRS2 ablation induces abnormal glycogen accumulation in cortical proximal tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Bertinat
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada (CMA BIO-BIO), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Westermeier
- Institute of Biomedical Science, FH Joanneum Gesellschaft mbH University of Applied Sciences, Eggenberger Allee 13, 8020 Graz, Austria
- Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Silva
- Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Osorno, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Gatica
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joana Moitinho Oliveira
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada (CMA BIO-BIO), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ramón Gomis
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Xu J, Wang L, Tang J, Jia G, Liu G, Chen X, Cai J, Shang H, Zhao H. Pancreatic atrophy caused by dietary selenium deficiency induces hypoinsulinemic hyperglycemia via global down-regulation of selenoprotein encoding genes in broilers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182079. [PMID: 28763492 PMCID: PMC5538751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was envisaged to comprehensively profile genes in selected tissues along with a few biochemical indicators and integrate resulting information with dietary selenium (Se) deficiency symptoms in broilers. A total of 120 one-day-old Cobb male broilers were equally divided into two groups and fed a Se deficient corn-soybean-based basal diet supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg sodium selenite (Control, Se adequate) or without selenite (Se deficiency) for five weeks. Effects of Se deficiency on mRNA abundance of twenty-three selenoprotein encoding genes and seventeen insulin signaling related genes were studied at day 35 in pancreas, liver and muscle along with plasma biochemical constituents and enzyme activities. Compared to healthy birds in control diet, Se deficient diet induced deficiency symptoms in 90% birds and classic nutritional pancreatic atrophy, depressed growth performance of broilers, and decreased (P < 0.01 to P < 0.05) total antioxidant capacity and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in plasma and three other tissues. Se deficiency resulted in 58% higher mortality than control birds. Dietary Se deficiency down-regulated (P < 0.01-0.05) eighteen selenoprotein encoding genes in pancreas, fourteen genes in muscle and nine genes in liver, and up-regulated (P < 0.05) Txnrd1 and Selx in liver. Meanwhile, six, thirteen and five insulin signaling related genes were down-regulated (P < 0.01-0.05) in pancreas, muscle and liver, respectively, and three genes were up-regulated (P < 0.01) in liver. The decrease (P < 0.05) in levels of plasma insulin, total triglyceride and total cholesterol, and concurrent elevated (P < 0.05) levels of plasma glucose and inflammatory cytokines accompanied the global down-regulation of selenoprotein encoding- and insulin signaling related- genes in Se deficient birds. It was concluded that dietary Se deficiency induces nutritional pancreatic atrophy and metabolic disorder of glucose and lipid in broilers via down-regulation of selenoprotein encoding- and insulin signaling related- genes, indicating potential roles of these genes in metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Longqiong Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Trace Element Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Trace Element Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiying Shang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Trace Element Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
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Gliniak CM, Brown JM, Noy N. The retinol-binding protein receptor STRA6 regulates diurnal insulin responses. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15080-15093. [PMID: 28733465 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.782334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been appreciated that insulin action is closely tied to circadian rhythms. However, the mechanisms that dictate diurnal insulin sensitivity in metabolic tissues are not well understood. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been implicated as a driver of insulin resistance in rodents and humans, and it has become an attractive drug target in type II diabetes. RBP4 is synthesized primarily in the liver where it binds retinol and transports it to tissues throughout the body. The retinol-RBP4 complex (holo-RBP) can be recognized by a cell-surface receptor known as stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6), which transports retinol into cells. Coupled to retinol transport, holo-RBP can activate STRA6-driven Janus kinase (JAK) signaling and downstream induction of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) target genes. STRA6 signaling in white adipose tissue has been shown to inhibit insulin receptor responses. Here, we examined diurnal rhythmicity of the RBP4/STRA6 signaling axis and investigated whether STRA6 is necessary for diurnal variations in insulin sensitivity. We show that adipose tissue STRA6 undergoes circadian patterning driven in part by the nuclear transcription factor REV-ERBα. Furthermore, STRA6 is necessary for diurnal rhythmicity of insulin action and JAK/STAT signaling in adipose tissue. These findings establish that holo-RBP and its receptor STRA6 are potent regulators of diurnal insulin responses and suggest that the holo-RBP/STRA6 signaling axis may represent a novel therapeutic target in type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy M Gliniak
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and.,the Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - J Mark Brown
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and .,the Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.,the Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and
| | - Noa Noy
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and
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Wang P, Su C, Feng H, Chen X, Dong Y, Rao Y, Ren Y, Yang J, Shi J, Tian J, Jiang S. Curcumin regulates insulin pathways and glucose metabolism in the brains of APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:25-43. [PMID: 28124574 PMCID: PMC5806780 DOI: 10.1177/0394632016688025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the therapeutic potential of curcumin in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In 2014, our lab found that curcumin reduced Aβ40, Aβ42 and Aβ-derived diffusible ligands in the mouse hippocampus, and improved learning and memory. However, the mechanisms underlying this biological effect are only partially known. There is considerable evidence in brain metabolism studies indicating that AD might be a brain-specific type of diabetes with progressive impairment of glucose utilisation and insulin signalling. We hypothesised that curcumin might target both the glucose metabolism and insulin signalling pathways. In this study, we monitored brain glucose metabolism in living APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice using a micro-positron emission tomography (PET) technique. The study showed an improvement in cerebral glucose uptake in AD mice. For a more in-depth study, we used immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and western blot techniques to examine key factors in both glucose metabolism and brain insulin signalling pathways. The results showed that curcumin ameliorated the defective insulin signalling pathway by upregulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1R, IRS-2, PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt and p-Akt protein expression while downregulating IR and IRS-1. Our study found that curcumin improved spatial learning and memory, at least in part, by increasing glucose metabolism and ameliorating the impaired insulin signalling pathways in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwen Wang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Caixin Su
- 3 Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery, Neurobiology) and Hamilton NeuroRestorative Group, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Huili Feng
- 1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopei Chen
- 1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China.,4 Kaifeng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yunfang Dong
- 1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxue Rao
- 5 Mizumori Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ying Ren
- 1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinduo Yang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China.,2 Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Dongzhimen Hospital (BUCM), State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Shi
- 1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China.,6 Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, BUCM Neurology Center, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhou Tian
- 1 Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China.,6 Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, BUCM Neurology Center, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shucui Jiang
- 3 Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery, Neurobiology) and Hamilton NeuroRestorative Group, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Kim YH, Lee YS, Lee DH, Kim DS. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are associated with insulin receptor substrate 2 methylation in adipose tissues of Korean women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 150:47-51. [PMID: 27236571 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are highly lipid soluble and are an increasing concern for general populations given their various adverse health effects, including obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. DNA methylation can act as a downstream effector for the biological effects of environmental exposures, but whether PAHs influence DNA methylation is unclear. To test for possible adverse effects of PAHs on adipose tissue (AT), we determined the promoter methylation status of 12 genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism (CS, GLUT4, IR, IRS1, IRS2, LIPIN1, MCAD, PCK1, PCK2, PPARGC1Β, SDHA, and SREBP1) in visceral AT of Korean women by using methylation-specific PCR (MSP). IRS2 methylation alone was significantly associated with concentrations of individual PAH chemicals. When the PAH summary measure was used, the odds ratios of IRS2 hypermethylation across quartile of the PAH summary measure were 1, 1.7, 2.0, and 11.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.5-84.0) after adjusting for age and BMI (P trend=0.02). The strength of association between PAH summary measure and IRS2 hypermethylation was as similar as that of BMI. Collectively, these results suggested that lipophilic PAHs might be contributing factors to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance through methylation-mediated suppression of the IRS2 gene. However, further studies with large sample size are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Soon Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk Hee Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 2-101 Dongin-dong, Jung-gu, Daegu 702-422, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Sun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Chen Z, Shi H, Sun S, Xu H, Cao D, Luo J. MicroRNA-181b suppresses TAG via target IRS2 and regulating multiple genes in the Hippo pathway. Exp Cell Res 2016; 348:66-74. [PMID: 27616141 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Milk fat metabolism is a complex procedure controlled by several factors. MiRNAs (microRNAs) regulate expression of genes and influence a series of biological procedures, such as fatty acid metabolism. Here we screened expression of goat mammary gland's miRNA during peak-lactation and late-lactation, and found that miR-181b expresses remarkably. Moreover, we illustrated that the over-expression of miR-181b impaired fat metabolism while the knockdown of miR-181b promoted fat metabolism in GMEC. These findings extend the discovery of miR-181b functioning in mediating adipocyte differentiation, by suggesting its role in impairing fat metabolism, which develops our cognition on the importance of miRNAs in milk fat metabolism and synthesis. In this study, we find that over expressed miR-181b impaired adipogenesis and inhibited miR-181b promoted adipogenesis in GMEC. Using Luciferase reporter assay and Western Blot, IRS2 was illustrated to be a miR-181b's potential target gene. What is interesting is that miR-181b regulates multiple key components in the Hippo pathway, such as LATS1 and YAP1 in GMECs. In conclusion, our findings indicated that miR-181b suppress fat metabolism by means of regulating multiple genes in the Hippo pathway and target IRS2, which promotes further study on the function of miRNAs in milk fat metabolism and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - HuaiPing Shi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Shuang Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - HuiFen Xu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - DuoYao Cao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Baquedano E, Burgos-Ramos E, Canelles S, González-Rodríguez A, Chowen JA, Argente J, Barrios V, Valverde AM, Frago LM. Increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hypothalamus of diabetic male mice in the insulin receptor substrate-2 knockout model. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:573-83. [PMID: 27013528 PMCID: PMC4892662 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.023515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrate-2-deficient (IRS2(-/-)) mice are considered a good model to study the development of diabetes because IRS proteins mediate the pleiotropic effects of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin on metabolism, mitogenesis and cell survival. The hypothalamus might play a key role in the early onset of diabetes, owing to its involvement in the control of glucose homeostasis and energy balance. Because some inflammatory markers are elevated in the hypothalamus of diabetic IRS2(-/-) mice, our aim was to analyze whether the diabetes associated with the absence of IRS2 results in hypothalamic injury and to analyze the intracellular mechanisms involved. Only diabetic IRS2(-/-) mice showed increased cell death and activation of caspase-8 and -3 in the hypothalamus. Regulators of apoptosis such as FADD, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p53 were also increased, whereas p-IκB and c-FLIPL were decreased. This was accompanied by increased levels of Nox-4 and catalase, enzymes involved in oxidative stress. In summary, the hypothalamus of diabetic IRS2(-/-) mice showed an increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers that finally resulted in cell death via substantial activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Conversely, non-diabetic IRS2(-/-) mice did not show cell death in the hypothalamus, possibly owing to an increase in the levels of circulating IGF-I and in the enhanced hypothalamic IGF-IR phosphorylation that would lead to the stimulation of survival pathways. In conclusion, diabetes in IRS2-deficient male mice is associated with increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Baquedano
- Department of Paediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid 28009, Spain Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid 28009, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid E-28006, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Emma Burgos-Ramos
- Department of Paediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid 28009, Spain Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid 28009, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid E-28006, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Sandra Canelles
- Department of Paediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid 28009, Spain Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid 28009, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid E-28006, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Agueda González-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28029, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Paediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid 28009, Spain Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid 28009, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid E-28006, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Paediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid 28009, Spain Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid 28009, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid E-28006, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Paediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid 28009, Spain Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid 28009, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid E-28006, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Angela M Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28029, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Laura M Frago
- Department of Paediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid 28009, Spain Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid 28009, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid E-28006, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid E-28029, Spain
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Wang J, Cao M, Zhuo Y, Che L, Fang Z, Xu S, Lin Y, Feng B, Wu D. Catch-up growth following food restriction exacerbates adulthood glucose intolerance in pigs exposed to intrauterine undernutrition. Nutrition 2016; 32:1275-84. [PMID: 27210508 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of food restriction followed by controlled refeeding on glucose tolerance in pigs exposed to intrauterine malnutrition. METHODS Pregnant sows (n = 11) were assigned to either a control (C) group or an undernutrition (U) group (75% of C) during gestation. At postnatal 68 d, the offspring (n = 16) were placed on either a cafeteria feeding (CF) group or a food-restricted (FR) group (75% of CF) for 6 wk. After that, all offspring were fed ad libitum until 189 d (dpn189). RESULTS The results showed that maternal malnutrition induced offspring glucose intolerance, which was demonstrated by increased serum glucose and triacylglycerol content at dpn189, as well as increased area under the blood glucose curve (AUC) during the intravenous glucose tolerance test (i.v.GTT) (P < 0.05). Interestingly, food restriction followed by controlled refeeding further increased serum glucose content at dpn189 and AUC during i.v.GTT in pigs born from U sows (P < 0.05), which was accompanied by catch-up growth during the refeeding period. These changes were associated with increased mRNA levels of hepatic gluconeogenesis (PC, PEPCK) enzymes (P < 0.05), decreased mRNA level of muscle glucose transporter (GLUT4; P = 0.07), and reduced mRNA level of insulin signaling protein (IRS1, P < 0.05) in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that catch-up growth following food restriction can exacerbate glucose intolerance in offspring exposed to intrauterine malnutrition. This may be caused by increased hepatic gluconeogenesis, decreased muscle glucose transport, and impaired hepatic insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
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Dietary Fructose Activates Insulin Signaling and Inflammation in Adipose Tissue: Modulatory Role of Resveratrol. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8014252. [PMID: 27066503 PMCID: PMC4811063 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8014252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The effects of high-fructose diet on adipose tissue insulin signaling and inflammatory process have been poorly documented. In this study, we examined the influences of long-term fructose intake and resveratrol supplementation on the expression of genes involved in insulin signaling and the levels of inflammatory cytokines and sex hormones in the white adipose tissues of male and female rats. Consumption of high-fructose diet for 24 weeks increased the expression of genes involved in insulin signaling including IR, IRS-1, IRS-2, Akt, PI3K, eNOS, mTOR, and PPARγ, despite induction of proinflammatory markers, iNOS, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-18, MDA, and ALT, as well as anti-inflammatory factors, IL-10 and Nrf2 in adipose tissues from males and females. Total and free testosterone concentrations of adipose tissues were impaired in males but increased in females, although there were no changes in their blood levels. Resveratrol supplementation markedly restored the levels of MDA, IL6, IL-10, and IL-18, as well as iNOS, Nrf2, and PI3K mRNA, in adipose tissues of both genders. Dietary fructose activates both insulin signaling and inflammatory pathway in the adipose tissues of male and female rats proposing no correlation between the tissue insulin signaling and inflammation. Resveratrol has partly modulatory effects on fructose-induced changes.
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41
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Wang K, Tang Z, Zheng Z, Cao P, Shui W, Li Q, Zhang Y. Protective effects of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide against hyperglycemia and liver injury in multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic BALB/c mice. Food Funct 2016; 7:4889-4897. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP), one of the major active ingredients isolated from the roots of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, possesses antidiabetic bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Zhuohong Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Ziming Zheng
- Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Department of Pharmacy
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Peng Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Weizhi Shui
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Qiang Li
- Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Department of Pharmacy
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Department of Pharmacy
- Wuhan
- China
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42
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Huang X, Tang J, Xu J, Jia G, Liu G, Chen X, Cai J, Shang H, Zhao H. Supranutritional dietary selenium induced hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia via affected expression of selenoprotein genes and insulin signal-related genes in broiler. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14932d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of supranutritional selenium (Se) on the mRNA expression of selenoprotein genes and insulin signal-related genes in the liver, muscle and pancreas of the broiler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jingyang Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Gang Jia
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Haiying Shang
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
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Anjali G, Kaur S, Lakra R, Taneja J, Kalsey GS, Nagendra A, Shrivastav TG, Devi MG, Malhotra N, Kriplani A, Singh R. FSH stimulates IRS-2 expression in human granulosa cells through cAMP/SP1, an inoperative FSH action in PCOS patients. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2452-66. [PMID: 26388164 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) plays a central role in growth and differentiation of ovarian follicles. A plethora of information exists on molecular aspects of FSH responses but little is known about the mechanisms involved in its cross-talk with insulin/IGF-1 pathways implicated in the coordination of energy homeostasis in preovulatory granulosa cells (GCs). In this study, we hypothesized that FSH may regulate IRS-2 expression and thereby maintain the energy balance in GCs. We demonstrate here that FSH specifically increases IRS-2 expression in human and rat GCs. FSH-stimulated IRS-2 expression was inhibited by actinomycin D or cycloheximide. Furthermore, FSH decreases IRS-2 mRNA degradation indicating post-transcriptional stabilization. Herein, we demonstrate a role of cAMP pathway in the activation of IRS-2 expression by FSH. Scan and activity analysis of IRS-2 promoter demonstrated that FSH regulates IRS-2 expression through SP1 binding sites. FSH stimulates SP1 translocation into nucleus and its binding to IRS-2 promoter. These results are corroborated by the fact that siRNA mediated knockdown of IRS-2 decreased the FSH-stimulated PI3K activity, p-Akt levels, GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake. However, FSH was not able to increase IRS-2 expression in GCs from PCOS women undergoing IVF. Interestingly, IRS-2 mRNA expression was downregulated in GCs from the PCOS rat model. Taken together, our findings establish that FSH induces IRS-2 expression and thereby activates PI3K, Akt and glucose uptake. Crucially, our data confirms a molecular defect in FSH action in PCOS GCs which may cause deceleration of metabolism and follicular growth leading to infertility. These results lend support for a therapeutic potential of IRS-2 in the management of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Anjali
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Surleen Kaur
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ruchi Lakra
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Jyoti Taneja
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Gaganjot S Kalsey
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anjali Nagendra
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - T G Shrivastav
- National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Neena Malhotra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Alka Kriplani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Rita Singh
- Division of Molecular Endocrinology and Reproduction, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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44
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King A, Bowe J. Animal models for diabetes: Understanding the pathogenesis and finding new treatments. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 99:1-10. [PMID: 26432954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong, metabolic disease that is characterised by an inability to maintain normal glucose homeostasis. There are several different forms of diabetes, however the two most common are Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and a subsequent lack of insulin production, whilst Type 2 diabetes is due to a combination of both insulin resistance and an inability of the beta cells to compensate adequately with increased insulin release. Animal models are increasingly being used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes as well as to identify and refine novel treatments. However, a wide range of different animal models are currently in use. The majority of these models are suited to addressing certain specific aspects of diabetes research, but may be of little use in other studies. All have pros and cons, and selecting an appropriate model for addressing a specific question is not always a trivial task and will influence the study results and their interpretation. Thus, as the number of available animal models increases it is important to consider the potential roles of these models in the many different aspects of diabetes research. This review gathers information on the currently used experimental animal models of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and evaluates their advantages and disadvantages for research purposes and details the factors that should be taken into account in their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen King
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Hodgkin Building 2nd Floor, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
| | - James Bowe
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Hodgkin Building 2nd Floor, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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45
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Tanaka KI, Kanazawa I, Sugimoto T. Reduction in Endogenous Insulin Secretion is a Risk Factor of Sarcopenia in Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 97:385-90. [PMID: 25850525 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-9990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia has recently attracted widespread attention, because it increases risks of fall and bedridden. Although patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are known to have lower muscle mass of limbs than healthy people, the mechanism is still unclear. We thus examined the association of muscle mass with parameters of endogenous insulin secretion such as fasting immunoreactive insulin, fasting C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR), and daily urine CPR in 191 men with T2DM. Muscle mass of arms and legs was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and we calculated relative skeletal muscle index (RSMI), which is useful for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Multiple regression analyses adjusted for age, duration of T2DM, serum creatinine, HbA1c, and insulin-like growth factor-I showed that each parameter of endogenous insulin was significantly and positively correlated with muscle mass of arms and legs as well as RSMI (p < 0.05). Moreover, logistic regression analyses adjusted for confounding factors mentioned above showed that each parameter of endogenous insulin was significantly lower in subjects with sarcopenia than those without it (p < 0.05). In conclusion, reduction in endogenous insulin secretion is an independent risk factor of sarcopenia in men with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Ippei Kanazawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Toshitsugu Sugimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
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46
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Hasenour CM, Wall ML, Ridley DE, Hughey CC, James FD, Wasserman DH, Young JD. Mass spectrometry-based microassay of (2)H and (13)C plasma glucose labeling to quantify liver metabolic fluxes in vivo. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E191-203. [PMID: 25991647 PMCID: PMC4504936 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00003.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models designed to examine hepatic metabolism are critical to diabetes and obesity research. Thus, a microscale method to quantitatively assess hepatic glucose and intermediary metabolism in conscious, unrestrained mice was developed. [(13)C3]propionate, [(2)H2]water, and [6,6-(2)H2]glucose isotopes were delivered intravenously in short- (9 h) and long-term-fasted (19 h) C57BL/6J mice. GC-MS and mass isotopomer distribution (MID) analysis were performed on three 40-μl arterial plasma glucose samples obtained during the euglycemic isotopic steady state. Model-based regression of hepatic glucose and citric acid cycle (CAC)-related fluxes was performed using a comprehensive isotopomer model to track carbon and hydrogen atom transitions through the network and thereby simulate the MIDs of measured fragment ions. Glucose-6-phosphate production from glycogen diminished, and endogenous glucose production was exclusively gluconeogenic with prolonged fasting. Gluconeogenic flux from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) remained stable, whereas that from glycerol modestly increased from short- to long-term fasting. CAC flux [i.e., citrate synthase (VCS)] was reduced with long-term fasting. Interestingly, anaplerosis and cataplerosis increased with fast duration; accordingly, pyruvate carboxylation and the conversion of oxaloacetate to PEP were severalfold higher than VCS in long-term fasted mice. This method utilizes state-of-the-art in vivo methodology and comprehensive isotopomer modeling to quantify hepatic glucose and intermediary fluxes during physiological stress in mice. The small plasma requirements permit serial sampling without stress and the affirmation of steady-state glucose kinetics. Furthermore, the approach can accommodate a broad range of modeling assumptions, isotope tracers, and measurement inputs without the need to introduce ad hoc mathematical approximations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martha L Wall
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and
| | | | | | - Freyja D James
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and
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47
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Han JH, Zhou W, Li W, Tuan PQ, Khoi NM, Thuong PT, Na M, Myung CS. Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from Astilbe rivularis that Enhance Glucose Uptake via the Activation of Akt and Erk1/2 in C2C12 Myotubes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1005-1014. [PMID: 25894669 DOI: 10.1021/np5009174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucose uptake into insulin-sensitive tissues is important for the regulation of blood glucose. This study has investigated whether the pentacyclic triterpenoids substituted with a carboxylic acid at the C-27 position isolated from Astilbe rivularis can enhance glucose uptake and subsequently to also examine their underlying molecular mechanisms. The structure of the new pentacyclic triterpenoid 1 was assigned by spectroscopic data interpretation. To evaluate the activity of compounds 1 and 2, glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation were measured in C2C12 myotubes. The C-27-carboxylated triterpenoids 1 and 2 significantly increased basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation to plasma membrane. Both compounds stimulated the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), protein kinase B (Akt), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2). Pretreatment with the Akt inhibitor triciribine or the Erk1/2 inhibitor U0126 decreased the ability of both compounds to enhance basal- and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and stimulate GLUT4 translocation. These results indicate that compounds 1 and 2 activated both the IRS-1/Akt and Erk1/2 pathways and subsequently stimulated GLUT4 translocation, leading to enhanced glucose uptake. Thus, these observations suggest that C-27-carboxylated-pentacyclic triterpenoids may serve as scaffolds for development as agents for the management of blood glucose levels in disease states such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Zhou
- §College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- ⊥School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Quoc Tuan
- ∥National Institute of Medicinal Materials, 3B Quang Trung, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Minh Khoi
- ∥National Institute of Medicinal Materials, 3B Quang Trung, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thien Thuong
- ∥National Institute of Medicinal Materials, 3B Quang Trung, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
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48
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Hakuno F, Fukushima T, Yoneyama Y, Kamei H, Ozoe A, Yoshihara H, Yamanaka D, Shibano T, Sone-Yonezawa M, Yu BC, Chida K, Takahashi SI. The Novel Functions of High-Molecular-Mass Complexes Containing Insulin Receptor Substrates in Mediation and Modulation of Insulin-Like Activities: Emerging Concept of Diverse Functions by IRS-Associated Proteins. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:73. [PMID: 26074875 PMCID: PMC4443775 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like peptides, such as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin, induce a variety of bioactivities, such as growth, differentiation, survival, increased anabolism, and decreased catabolism in many cell types and in vivo. In general, IGFs or insulin bind to IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) or insulin receptor (IR), activating the receptor tyrosine kinase. Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are known to be major substrates of receptor kinases, mediating IGF/insulin signals to direct bioactivities. Recently, we discovered that IRSs form high-molecular-mass complexes (referred to here as IRSomes) even without IGF/insulin stimulation. These complexes contain proteins (referred to here as IRSAPs; IRS-associated proteins), which modulate tyrosine phosphorylation of IRSs by receptor kinases, control IRS stability, and determine intracellular localization of IRSs. In addition, in these complexes, we found not only proteins that are involved in RNA metabolism but also RNAs themselves. Thus, IRSAPs possibly contribute to modulation of IGF/insulin bioactivities. Since it is established that disorder of modulation of insulin-like activities causes various age-related diseases including cancer, we could propose that the IRSome is an important target for treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Hakuno
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Fukushima
- Laboratory of Biomedical Chemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yoneyama
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kamei
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsufumi Ozoe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehito Yoshihara
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamanaka
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Shibano
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meri Sone-Yonezawa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bu-Chin Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chida
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shin-Ichiro Takahashi, Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan,
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49
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Zhang Q, Tan Y, Zhang N, Yao F. Polydatin supplementation ameliorates diet-induced development of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in rats. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:603-10. [PMID: 25333896 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease remains to be elucidated, and the currently available treatments are not entirely effective. Polydatin, a stilbenoid compound derived from the rhizome of Polygonum cuspidatum, has previously been demonstrated to possess hepatoprotective effects. The present study aimed to determine the effects of polydatin supplementation on hepatic fat accumulation and injury in rats fed a high-fat diet. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of polydatin were examined. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and received one of four treatment regimes for 12 weeks: Control diet, control diet supplemented with polydatin, high-fat diet, or high-fat diet supplemented with polydatin. Polydatin was supplemented in the drinking water at a concentration of 0.3% (wt/vol). The results of the present study showed that long-term high-fat feeding resulted in fatty liver in rats, which was manifested by excessive hepatic neutral fat accumulation and elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. Polydatin supplementation alleviated the hepatic pathological changes, and attenuated the insulin resistance, as shown by an improved homeostasis model assessment of basal insulin resistance values and a glucose tolerance test. Polydatin supplementation also corrected abnormal leptin and adiponectin levels. Specifically, polydatin supplementation enhanced insulin sensitivity in the liver, as shown by improved insulin receptor substrate 2 expression levels and Akt phosphorylation in the rat liver, following high-fat diet feeding. The results of the present study suggest that polydatin protects rats against high-fat feeding-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Polydatin may be an effective hepatoprotective agent and a potential candidate for the prevention of fatty liver disease and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Tan
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Fanrong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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50
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Zhang GW, Jia W, Chen SY, Jia XB, Wang J, Lai SJ. Association between the IRS1 and FTO genes regulates body weight in rabbits. Gene 2014; 548:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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