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Xie WJ, Liu M, Zhang X, Zhang YG, Jian ZH, Xiong XX. Astaxanthin suppresses LPS-induced myocardial apoptosis by regulating PTP1B/JNK pathway in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111395. [PMID: 38141411 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myocardial injury induced by sepsis can increase the patient's mortality, which is an important complication of sepsis. Myocardial apoptosis plays a key role in septic myocardial injury. Here we explored the potential mechanism of astaxanthin (ATX) inhibiting myocardial apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. METHODS The H9C2 cell experiment was conducted in three parts. In the first part, we set up three groups: control group, LPS group (10 µg/ml), a model of septic myocardial injury, and LPS + ATX (5, 10, 30 µM); In the second part, we set up four groups: control group, LPS group, LPS + PTP1B-IN-1, a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor, and LPS + PTP1B-IN-1 + ATX; In the third part, we set up four groups: control group, LPS group, LPS + Anisomycin, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activator, and LPS + Anisomycin + ATX. We assessed H9C2 cell viability using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. We observed cell apoptosis using flow cytometry analysis. We tested the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) using JC-1 staining. To identify the molecular targets of ATX, Astaxanthin targets were predicted through the SwissTargetPrediction database. We verified the binding affinity of ATX and its targets using microscale thermophoresis (MST). We investigated the p-JNK expression using immunofluorescence staining. Finally, Western blot was used to evaluate PTP1B, JNK, p-JNK and the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated protein expression. RESULTS LPS inhibited H9C2 cell viability in a time-dependent manner and ATX treatment enhances H9C2 cell viability in a concentration dependent manner after LPS administration. ATX inhibited the LPS-induced apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in H9C2 cells. As predicted by the SwissTargetPrediction database, PTP1B was a potential target of ATX, and the interaction between ATX and PTP1B was further verified by MST. ATX attenuated the LPS-induced protein expression of PTP1B and p-JNK, regardless of PTP1B inhibition. Both immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting showed that ATX suppressed the LPS-induced p-JNK expression in H9C2 cells, regardless of Anisomycin administration. In addition, by adding Anisomycin to overexpress JNK, ATX inhibited the LPS-induced apoptosis, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulation of mitochondrial apoptosis-associated proteins in H9C2 cells via JNK signaling. CONCLUSION ATX inhibited LPS-induced mitochondrial apoptosis of H9C2 cells by PTP1B/JNK pathway and PTP1B was the target of ATX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jian
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
| | - Xiao-Xing Xiong
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
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2
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Rahman SMT, Zhou W, Deiters A, Haugh JM. Dissection of MKK6 and p38 Signaling Using Light-Activated Protein Kinases. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300551. [PMID: 37856284 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Stress-activated signaling pathways orchestrate cellular behaviors and fates. Studying the precise role(s) of stress-activated protein kinases is challenging, because stress conditions induce adaptation and impose selection pressure. To meet this challenge, we have applied an optogenetic system with a single plasmid to express light-activated p38α or its upstream activator, MKK6, in conjunction with live-cell fluorescence microscopy. In starved cells, decaging of constitutively active p38α or MKK6 by brief exposure to UV light elicits rapid p38-mediated signaling, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and apoptosis with different kinetics. In parallel, light activation of p38α also suppresses autophagosome formation, similarly to stimulation with growth factors that activate PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 signaling. Active MKK6 negatively regulates serum-induced ERK activity, which is p38-independent as previously reported. Here, we reproduce that result with the one plasmid system and show that although decaging active p38α does not reduce basal ERK activity in our cells, it can block growth factor-stimulated ERK signaling in serum-starved cells. These results clarify the roles of MKK6 and p38α in dynamic signaling programs, which act in concert to actuate apoptotic death while suppressing cell survival mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Md Toufiqur Rahman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Wenyuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Jason M Haugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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3
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Cusick JK, Alcaide J, Shi Y. The RELT Family of Proteins: An Increasing Awareness of Their Importance for Cancer, the Immune System, and Development. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2695. [PMID: 37893069 PMCID: PMC10603948 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights Receptor Expressed in Lymphoid Tissues (RELT), a Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily member, and its two paralogs, RELL1 and RELL2. Collectively, these three proteins are referred to as RELTfms and have gained much interest in recent years due to their association with cancer and other human diseases. A thorough knowledge of their physiological functions, including the ligand for RELT, is lacking, yet emerging evidence implicates RELTfms in a variety of processes including cytokine signaling and pathways that either promote cell death or survival. T cells from mice lacking RELT exhibit increased responses against tumors and increased inflammatory cytokine production, and multiple lines of evidence indicate that RELT may promote an immunosuppressive environment for tumors. The relationship of individual RELTfms in different cancers is not universal however, as evidence indicates that individual RELTfms may be risk factors in certain cancers yet appear to be protective in other cancers. RELTfms are important for a variety of additional processes related to human health including microbial pathogenesis, inflammation, behavior, reproduction, and development. All three proteins have been strongly conserved in all vertebrates, and this review aims to provide a clearer understanding of the current knowledge regarding these interesting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K. Cusick
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Jessa Alcaide
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Yihui Shi
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, Sutter Bay Hospitals, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
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4
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Min RWM, Aung FWM, Liu B, Arya A, Win S. Mechanism and Therapeutic Targets of c-Jun-N-Terminal Kinases Activation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082035. [PMID: 36009582 PMCID: PMC9406172 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is the most common chronic liver disease. Activation of mitogen-activated kinases (MAPK) cascade, which leads to c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation occurs in the liver in response to the nutritional and metabolic stress. The aberrant activation of MAPKs, especially c-Jun-N-terminal kinases (JNKs), leads to unwanted genetic and epi-genetic modifications in addition to the metabolic stress adaptation in hepatocytes. A mechanism of sustained P-JNK activation was identified in acute and chronic liver diseases, suggesting an important role of aberrant JNK activation in NASH. Therefore, modulation of JNK activation, rather than targeting JNK protein levels, is a plausible therapeutic application for the treatment of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bryant Liu
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave., HMR 612, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Aliza Arya
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave., HMR 612, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sanda Win
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave., HMR 612, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Correspondence:
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Gaur R, Mensah KA, Stricker J, Adams M, Parton A, Cedzik D, Connarn J, Thomas M, Horan G, Schafer P, Mair S, Palmisano M, Ramírez-Valle F. CC-99677, a novel, oral, selective covalent MK2 inhibitor, sustainably reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:199. [PMID: 35982464 PMCID: PMC9386913 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinase-2 (MK2) is activated downstream of p38 MAPK and regulates stability of mRNAs encoding inflammatory cytokines. CC-99677 is a novel, irreversible, covalent MK2 inhibitor under development for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and other inflammatory diseases. As part of a phase I clinical trial to assess safety and tolerability, we evaluated target engagement, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of CC-99677. Methods The MK2 inhibitor CC-99677 was evaluated for its effect on cytokine expression in vitro in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors and patients with a definitive AS diagnosis. A novel in vitro model was developed to compare the potential for tachyphylaxis of CC-99677 and p38 inhibitors in THP-1 cells. The effect of CC-99677 on tristetraprolin (TTP) and cytokine mRNA was assessed in stimulated human monocyte-derived macrophages. In a first-in-human study, thirty-seven healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to daily oral doses of CC-99677 or placebo, and blood was collected at pre-specified time points before and after dosing. CC-99677 concentrations were assessed in the plasma, and CC-99677 binding to MK2 was evaluated in PBMCs. Ex vivo stimulation of the whole blood was conducted from participants in the first-in-human study to assess the pharmacodynamic effects. Results In vitro, CC-99677 inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-17 protein production in samples of monocytes and macrophages from AS patients and healthy volunteers via an mRNA-destabilization mechanism. In the in vitro model of tachyphylaxis, CC-99677 showed a differentiated pattern of sustained TNF protein inhibition compared with p38 inhibitors. CC-99677 reduced TTP phosphorylation and accelerated the decay of inflammatory cytokine mRNA in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Administration of CC-99677 to healthy volunteers was safe and well-tolerated, with linear pharmacokinetics and sustained reduction of ex vivo whole blood TNF, IL-6, and chemokine synthesis. Conclusions CC-99677 inhibition of MK2 is a promising approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and may overcome the limitations of p38 MAPK inhibition. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03554993. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-022-02850-6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mary Adams
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Chan YP, Chuang CH, Lee I, Yang NC. Lycopene in Combination With Sorafenib Additively Inhibits Tumor Metastasis in Mice Xenografted With Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells. Front Nutr 2022; 9:886988. [PMID: 35711540 PMCID: PMC9197118 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.886988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of death in cancer patients. However, it is unclear whether lycopene can act as an adjuvant to increase the anti-metastatic activity of anticancer drugs. Here, we examined the anti-lung-metastatic effects and the mechanism of lycopene in combination with sorafenib in C57BL/6 mice xenografted with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. The mice were divided into five groups: (1) tumor control; (2) lycopene (5 mg/kg); (3) sorafenib (30 mg/kg); (4) lycopene (2 mg/kg) + sorafenib (30 mg/kg); (5) lycopene (5 mg/kg) + sorafenib (30 mg/kg). The results showed that lycopene reduced the number of metastatic tumors in the lungs, which was further suppressed by the combined treatment with sorafenib. The activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and−9 were further inhibited and TIMP-1 and−2, and NM23-H1, the MMPs negative modulators, were further activated in the combined treatment. Mechanistically, we found that lycopene and sorafenib could additively inhibit the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, as shown by the protein phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 were reduced additively. Overall, the present study demonstrates that lycopene in combination with sorafenib additively inhibits the lung metastasis of tumor, indicating lycopene has potential as an adjuvant for sorafenib in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Chan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Inn Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nae-Cherng Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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7
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Canovas B, Nebreda AR. Diversity and versatility of p38 kinase signalling in health and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:346-366. [PMID: 33504982 PMCID: PMC7838852 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to deal with different types of stressful situations in a precise and coordinated manner is key for survival and involves various signalling networks. Over the past 25 years, p38 kinases — in particular, p38α — have been implicated in the cellular response to stress at many levels. These span from environmental and intracellular stresses, such as hyperosmolarity, oxidative stress or DNA damage, to physiological situations that involve important cellular changes such as differentiation. Given that p38α controls a plethora of functions, dysregulation of this pathway has been linked to diseases such as inflammation, immune disorders or cancer, suggesting the possibility that targeting p38α could be of therapeutic interest. In this Review, we discuss the organization of this signalling pathway focusing on the diversity of p38α substrates, their mechanisms and their links to particular cellular functions. We then address how the different cellular responses can be generated depending on the signal received and the cell type, and highlight the roles of this kinase in human physiology and in pathological contexts. p38α — the best-characterized member of the p38 kinase family — is a key mediator of cellular stress responses. p38α is activated by a plethora of signals and functions through a multitude of substrates to regulate different cellular behaviours. Understanding context-dependent p38α signalling provides important insights into p38α roles in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Canovas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. .,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
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8
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Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Arylpyridin-2-yl Guanidine Derivatives and Cyclic Mimetics as Novel MSK1 Inhibitors. An Application in an Asthma Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020391. [PMID: 33450992 PMCID: PMC7828447 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen- and Stress-Activated Kinase 1 (MSK1) is a nuclear kinase, taking part in the activation pathway of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB and is demonstrating a therapeutic target potential in inflammatory diseases such as asthma, psoriasis and atherosclerosis. To date, few MSK1 inhibitors were reported. In order to identify new MSK1 inhibitors, a screening of a library of low molecular weight compounds was performed, and the results highlighted the 6-phenylpyridin-2-yl guanidine (compound 1a, IC50~18 µM) as a starting hit for structure-activity relationship study. Derivatives, homologues and rigid mimetics of 1a were designed, and all synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity towards MSK1. Among them, the non-cytotoxic 2-aminobenzimidazole 49d was the most potent at inhibiting significantly: (i) MSK1 activity, (ii) the release of IL-6 in inflammatory conditions in vitro (IC50~2 µM) and (iii) the inflammatory cell recruitment to the airways in a mouse model of asthma.
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9
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Bioactive lipids in intervertebral disc degeneration and its therapeutic implications. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:BSR20192117. [PMID: 31533969 PMCID: PMC6822496 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is not uncommon. It is estimated that approximately >60% of individuals above the age of 40 years suffer from IVD degeneration. Shan et al. showed that hyperglycemia can enhance apoptosis of anulus fibrosis cells in a JNK pathway and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway dependent fashion. Recent studies showed that IVD degeneration could be an inflammatory condition characterized by increased production of matrix metalloproteinases, TNF-α, nitric oxide, IL-6, IL-17, IL-9, and prostaglandin E2, and decreased formation of anti-inflammatory molecules such as lipoxin A4. This imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules seem to activate JNK pathway and p38 MAPK pathway to induce apoptosis of anulus fibrosis and nucleus pulposus cells. The activation of production of PGE2 (due to activation of COX-2 pathway) seems to be dependent on p38/c-Fos and JNK/c-Jun activation in an AP-1-dependent manner. These results imply that suppressing pro-inflammatory events in the disc by either augmenting anti-inflammatory events or suppressing production of pro-inflammatory molecules or both may form a logical step in the prevention and management of IVD degeneration.
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10
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Neves LMG, Parizotto NA, Tim CR, Floriano EM, Lopez RFV, Venâncio T, Fernandes JB, Cominetti MR. Polysaccharide-rich hydrogel formulation combined with photobiomodulation repairs UV-induced photodamage in mice skin. Wound Repair Regen 2020; 28:645-655. [PMID: 32590890 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces premature aging in both the epidermis and the dermis. Chronic exposure to UVR induces the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, activating c-Jun, c-Fos expression, and transcription factor of AP-1 activating protein. AP-1 activation results in the positive induction of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) synthesis, which degrade skin collagen fibers. Polysaccharides from the fruit of Lycium barbarum (LBP fraction) have a range of activities and have been demonstrate to repair the photodamage. In different approaches, laser application aims to recover the aged skin without destroying the epidermis, promoting a modulation, called photobiomodulation (PBM), which leads to protein synthesis and cell proliferation, favoring tissue repair. Here we developed a topical hydrogel formulation from a polysaccharide-rich fraction of Lycium barbarum fruits (LBP). This formulation was associated with PBM (red laser) to evaluate whether the isolated and combined treatments would reduce the UVR-mediated photodamage in mice skin. Hairless mice were photoaged for 6 weeks and then treated singly or in combination with LBP and PBM. Histological, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analyses were used to investigate the levels of c-Fos, c-Jun, MMP-1, -2, and -9, collagen I, III, and FGF2. The combined regimen inhibited UVR-induced skin thickening, decreased the expression of c-Fos and c-Jun, as well as MMP-1, -2, and -9 and concomitantly increased the levels of collagen I, III, and FGF2. The PBM in combination with LBP treatment is a promising strategy for the repair of photodamaged skin, presenting potential clinical application in skin rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Mara Grosso Neves
- Laboratory of Biology of Aging (LABEN), Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nivaldo Antonio Parizotto
- Joint Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine and Medical Chemistry, University of Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, University Brazil, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Roberta Tim
- Joint Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine and Medical Chemistry, University of Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Medeiros Floriano
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata F Vianna Lopez
- Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Venâncio
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Batista Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Regina Cominetti
- Laboratory of Biology of Aging (LABEN), Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Niu X, Lin X, Chen X, Xu S, Huang Z, Tang Q. Long-wave Ultraviolet Ray Promotes Inflammation in Keloid-derived Fibroblasts by Activating P38-NFκB1 Signaling Pathway. J Burn Care Res 2020; 41:1231-1239. [PMID: 32433772 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the main mechanisms of keloid formation is the persistent chronic inflammation, which initiates the activation of keloid-derived fibroblasts (KFs) and boosts the production of extracellular matrix. Meanwhile, 95% of the ultraviolet rays that reach the earth are long-wave ultraviolet (UVA). However, the effect of UVA on keloids is currently unclear. The objective of our research is to investigate UVA's impact on keloids. Cell viability assay, migration assay, and cell cycle analysis were conducted. UVA's impacts on gene expressions were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence. Our results indicated that UVA inhibited the proliferation and migration of KFs. In addition, after UVA irradiation, the expressions of matrix metallopeptidase 1 and matrix metallopeptidase 2 markedly increased in KFs. Moreover, the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I decreased. Furthermore, KFs with UVA irradiation secreted more interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the culture medium. And it was confirmed that the protein expressions of inflammation-related factors, including P38, CK2A, NFκB1, and P65, increased observably in KFs with UVA irradiation. The protein expression of IKBα, also known as NFκB inhibitor α, decreased. All these observations suggested that UVA irradiation could inhibit cellular activity and collagen production in KFs while promoting inflammation by activating P38-NFκB1 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtang Niu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xunxun Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- General Committee Office, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqia Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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The IL-33-induced p38-/JNK1/2-TNFα axis is antagonized by activation of β-adrenergic-receptors in dendritic cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8152. [PMID: 32424229 PMCID: PMC7235212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-33, an IL-1 cytokine superfamily member, induces the activation of the canonical NF-κB signaling, and of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs). In dendritic cells (DCs) IL-33 induces the production of IL-6, IL-13 and TNFα. Thereby, the production of IL-6 depends on RelA whereas the production of IL-13 depends on the p38-MK2/3 signaling module. Here, we show that in addition to p65 and the p38-MK2/3 signaling module, JNK1/2 are essential for the IL-33-induced TNFα production. The central roles of JNK1/2 and p38 in DCs are underpinned by the fact that these two MAPK pathways are controlled by activated β-adrenergic receptors resulting in a selective regulation of the IL-33-induced TNFα response in DCs.
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13
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Lipner MB, Peng XL, Jin C, Xu Y, Gao Y, East MP, Rashid NU, Moffitt RA, Herrera Loeza SG, Morrison AB, Golitz BT, Vaziri C, Graves LM, Johnson GL, Yeh JJ. Irreversible JNK1-JUN inhibition by JNK-IN-8 sensitizes pancreatic cancer to 5-FU/FOLFOX chemotherapy. JCI Insight 2020; 5:129905. [PMID: 32213714 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 55,000 people in the United States are diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) yearly, and fewer than 20% of these patients survive a year beyond diagnosis. Chemotherapies are considered or used in nearly every PDAC case, but there is limited understanding of the complex signaling responses underlying resistance to these common treatments. Here, we take an unbiased approach to study protein kinase network changes following chemotherapies in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of PDAC to facilitate design of rational drug combinations. Proteomics profiling following chemotherapy regimens reveals that activation of JNK-JUN signaling occurs after 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin (5-FU + LEU) and FOLFOX (5-FU + LEU plus oxaliplatin [OX]), but not after OX alone or gemcitabine. Cell and tumor growth assays with the irreversible inhibitor JNK-IN-8 and genetic manipulations demonstrate that JNK and JUN each contribute to chemoresistance and cancer cell survival after FOLFOX. Active JNK1 and JUN are specifically implicated in these effects, and synergy with JNK-IN-8 is linked to FOLFOX-mediated JUN activation, cell cycle dysregulation, and DNA damage response. This study highlights the potential for JNK-IN-8 as a biological tool and potential combination therapy with FOLFOX in PDAC and reinforces the need to tailor treatment to functional characteristics of individual tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Lipner
- Department of Pharmacology.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | - Chong Jin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Biostatistics
| | - Yi Xu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Yanzhe Gao
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Pathology, and
| | - Michael P East
- Department of Pharmacology.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Naim U Rashid
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Biostatistics
| | | | | | | | | | - Cyrus Vaziri
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Pathology, and
| | - Lee M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Gary L Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Prikas E, Poljak A, Ittner A. Mapping p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling by proximity-dependent labeling. Protein Sci 2020; 29:1196-1210. [PMID: 32189389 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling is central to multiple cellular responses and processes. MAP kinase p38α is the best characterized member of the p38 MAP kinase family. Upstream factors and downstream targets of p38α have been identified in the past by conventional methods such as coimmunoprecipitation. However, a complete picture of its interaction partners and substrates in cells is lacking. Here, we employ a proximity-dependent labeling approach using biotinylation tagging to map the interactome of p38α in cultured 293T cells. Fusing the advanced biotin ligase BioID2 to the N-terminus of p38α, we used mass spectrometry to identify 37 biotin-labeled proteins that putatively interact with p38α. Gene ontology analysis confirms known upstream and downstream factors in the p38 MAP kinase cascade (e.g., MKK3, MAPKAPK2, TAB2, and c-jun). We furthermore identify a cluster of zinc finger (ZnF) domain-containing proteins that is significantly enriched among proximity-labeled interactors and is involved in gene transcription and DNA damage response. Fluorescence imaging and coimmunoprecipitation with overexpressed p38α in cells supports an interaction of p38α with ZnF protein XPA, a key factor in the DNA damage response, that is promoted by UV irradiation. These results define an extensive network of interactions of p38α in cells and new direct molecular targets of MAP kinase p38α in gene regulation and the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Prikas
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Arne Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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15
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Understanding MAPK Signaling Pathways in Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072346. [PMID: 32231094 PMCID: PMC7177758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these processes, such as apoptosis, MAPKs have a dual role since they can act as activators or inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulus. In this review, we present the main pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms regulated by MAPKs, as well as the crosstalk observed between some MAPKs. We also describe the basic signaling properties of MAPKs (ultrasensitivity, hysteresis, digital response), and the presence of different positive feedback loops in apoptosis. We provide a simple guide to predict MAPKs’ behavior, based on the intensity and duration of the stimulus. Finally, we consider the role of MAPKs in osmostress-induced apoptosis by using Xenopus oocytes as a cell model. As we will see, apoptosis is plagued with multiple positive feedback loops. We hope this review will help to understand how MAPK signaling pathways engage irreversible cellular decisions.
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16
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Miura H, Kondo Y, Matsuda M, Aoki K. Cell-to-Cell Heterogeneity in p38-Mediated Cross-Inhibition of JNK Causes Stochastic Cell Death. Cell Rep 2019; 24:2658-2668. [PMID: 30184500 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress-activated protein kinases c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 are important players in cell-fate decisions in response to environmental stress signals. Crosstalk signaling between JNK and p38 is emerging as an important regulatory mechanism in inflammatory and stress responses. However, it is unknown how this crosstalk affects signaling dynamics, cell-to-cell variation, and cellular responses at the single-cell level. We established a multiplexed live-cell imaging system based on kinase translocation reporters to simultaneously monitor JNK and p38 activities with high specificity and sensitivity at single-cell resolution. Various stresses activated JNK and p38 with various dynamics. In all cases, p38 suppressed JNK activity in a cross-inhibitory manner. We demonstrate that p38 antagonizes JNK through both transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. This cross-inhibition generates cellular heterogeneity in JNK activity after stress exposure. Our data indicate that this heterogeneity in JNK activity plays a role in fractional killing in response to UV stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Miura
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yohei Kondo
- Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.
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17
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Pérez-Sen R, Queipo MJ, Gil-Redondo JC, Ortega F, Gómez-Villafuertes R, Miras-Portugal MT, Delicado EG. Dual-Specificity Phosphatase Regulation in Neurons and Glial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081999. [PMID: 31018603 PMCID: PMC6514851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity protein phosphatases comprise a protein phosphatase subfamily with selectivity towards mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, also named MKPs, or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatases. As powerful regulators of the intensity and duration of MAPK signaling, a relevant role is envisioned for dual-specificity protein phosphatases (DUSPs) in the regulation of biological processes in the nervous system, such as differentiation, synaptic plasticity, and survival. Important neural mediators include nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that contribute to DUSP transcriptional induction and post-translational mechanisms of DUSP protein stabilization to maintain neuronal survival and differentiation. Potent DUSP gene inducers also include cannabinoids, which preserve DUSP activity in inflammatory conditions. Additionally, nucleotides activating P2X7 and P2Y13 nucleotide receptors behave as novel players in the regulation of DUSP function. They increase cell survival in stressful conditions, regulating DUSP protein turnover and inducing DUSP gene expression. In general terms, in the context of neural cells exposed to damaging conditions, the recovery of DUSP activity is neuroprotective and counteracts pro-apoptotic over-activation of p38 and JNK. In addition, remarkable changes in DUSP function take place during the onset of neuropathologies. The restoration of proper DUSP levels and recovery of MAPK homeostasis underlie the therapeutic effect, indicating that DUSPs can be relevant targets for brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pérez-Sen
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSSC), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María José Queipo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSSC), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Gil-Redondo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSSC), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSSC), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa Gómez-Villafuertes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSSC), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Teresa Miras-Portugal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSSC), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esmerilda G Delicado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSSC), Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Seternes OM, Kidger AM, Keyse SM. Dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatases in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:124-143. [PMID: 30401534 PMCID: PMC6227380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that a family of dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs) play key roles in the regulated dephosphorylation and inactivation of MAP kinase isoforms in mammalian cells and tissues. MKPs provide a mechanism of spatiotemporal feedback control of these key signalling pathways, but can also mediate crosstalk between distinct MAP kinase cascades and facilitate interactions between MAP kinase pathways and other key signalling modules. As our knowledge of the regulation, substrate specificity and catalytic mechanisms of MKPs has matured, more recent work using genetic models has revealed key physiological functions for MKPs and also uncovered potentially important roles in regulating the pathophysiological outcome of signalling with relevance to human diseases. These include cancer, diabetes, inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. It is hoped that this understanding will reveal novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers for disease, thus contributing to more effective diagnosis and treatment for these debilitating and often fatal conditions. A comprehensive review of the dual-specificity MAP kinase Phosphatases (MKPs) Focus is on MKPs in the regulation of MAPK signalling in health and disease. Covers roles of MKPs in inflammation, obesity/diabetes, cancer and neurodegeneration
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole-Morten Seternes
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Andrew M Kidger
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, England, UK.
| | - Stephen M Keyse
- Stress Response Laboratory, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, James Arrot Drive, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
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19
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Jones DS, Jenney AP, Joughin BA, Sorger PK, Lauffenburger DA. Inflammatory but not mitogenic contexts prime synovial fibroblasts for compensatory signaling responses to p38 inhibition. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/520/eaal1601. [PMID: 29511118 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that causes joint pain, swelling, and loss of function. Development of effective new drugs has proven challenging in part because of the complexities and interconnected nature of intracellular signaling networks that complicate the effects of pharmacological interventions. We characterized the kinase signaling pathways that are activated in RA and evaluated the multivariate effects of targeted inhibitors. Synovial fluids from RA patients activated the kinase signaling pathways JAK, JNK, p38, and MEK in synovial fibroblasts (SFs), a stromal cell type that promotes RA progression. Kinase inhibitors enhanced signaling of "off-target" pathways in a manner dependent on stimulatory context. Inhibitors of p38, which have been widely explored in clinical trials for RA, resulted in undesirable increases in nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), JNK, and MEK signaling in SFs in inflammatory, but not mitogenic, contexts. This was mediated by the transcription factor CREB, which functions in part within a negative feedback loop in MAPK signaling. CREB activation was induced predominately by p38 in response to inflammatory stimuli, but by MEK in response to mitogenic stimuli; hence, the effects of drugs targeting p38 or MEK were markedly different in SFs cultured under mitogenic or inflammatory conditions. Together, these findings illustrate how stimulatory context can alter dominance in pathway cross-talk even for a fixed network topology, thereby providing a rationale for why p38 inhibitors deliver limited benefits in RA and demonstrating the need for careful consideration of p38-targeted drugs in inflammation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Jones
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anne P Jenney
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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20
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Queipo MJ, Gil-Redondo JC, Morente V, Ortega F, Miras-Portugal MT, Delicado EG, Pérez-Sen R. P2X7 Nucleotide and EGF Receptors Exert Dual Modulation of the Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 6 (MKP-3) in Granule Neurons and Astrocytes, Contributing to Negative Feedback on ERK Signaling. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 10:448. [PMID: 29375309 PMCID: PMC5767727 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) play a central role in the intracellular signaling of P2X7 nucleotide receptors in neurons and glial cells. Fine spatio-temporal tuning of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases is essential to regulate their biological activity. MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs) are dual specificity protein phosphatases (DUSPs) that dephosphorylate phosphothreonine and phosphotyrosine residues in MAP kinases. This study focuses on how DUSP, DUSP6/MKP3, a phosphatase specific for ERK1/2 is regulated by the P2X7 nucleotide receptor in cerebellar granule neurons and astrocytes. Stimulation with the specific P2X7 agonist, BzATP, or epidermal growth factor (EGF) (positive control for ERK activation) regulates the levels of DUSP6 in a time dependent manner. Both agonists promote a decline in DUSP6 protein, reaching minimal levels after 30 min yet recovering to basal levels after 1 h. The initial loss of protein occurs through proteasomal degradation, as confirmed in experiments with the proteasome inhibitor, MG-132. Studies carried out with Actinomycin D demonstrated that the enhanced transcription of the Dusp6 gene is responsible for recovering the DUSP6 protein levels. Interestingly, ERK1/2 proteins are involved in the biphasic regulation of the protein phosphatase, being required for both the degradation and the recovery phase. We show that direct Ser197 phosphorylation of DUSP6 by ERK1/2 proteins could be part of the mechanism regulating their cytosolic levels, at least in glial cells. Thus, the ERK1/2 activated by P2X7 receptors exerts positive feedback on these kinase’s own activity, promoting the degradation of one of their major inactivators in the cytosolic compartment, DUSP6, both in granule neurons and astrocytes. This feedback loop seems to function as a common universal mechanism to regulate ERK signaling in neural and non-neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mª José Queipo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Gil-Redondo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Morente
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Teresa Miras-Portugal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esmerilda G Delicado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Pérez-Sen
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Zou Y, Xiong JB, Ma K, Wang AZ, Qian KJ. Rac2 deficiency attenuates CCl 4-induced liver injury through suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:140-149. [PMID: 28759751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a leading cause to liver injury. Rac2 is a Ras-associated guanosine triphosphatase, an important molecule modulating a large number of cells and involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). For the study described here, we supposed that Rac2 knockout protects mice against CCl4-induced acute liver injury. We found that Rac2 expressed highly in CCl4-induced liver tissues. CCl4-treated Rac2 knockout (Rac2-/-) mice had reduced CD24 levels and steatosis. In addition, CCl4-induced high expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine were reversed by Rac2 deficiency compared to CCl4-treated wild type (WT) mice. We also found that fibrosis-related signals of MMP-9, MMP-2 and TGF-β1 were also down-regulated in Rac2 knockout mice induced by CCl4. Significantly, oxidative stress induced by CCl4 was also suppressed owing to the lack of Rac2, evidenced by enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide radical, H2O2, xanthine oxidase (XO), xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and XO/XDH ratio. Moreover, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase mitogen-activated protein kinases (JNK MAPK) was activated by CCl4, which was reversed in the liver of Rac2-/- mice through western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro, endotoxin (LPS) was treated to hepatocytes isolated from WT mice and Rac2-/- mice. The data further confirmed the role of Rac2 deficiency suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine, as well as fibrosis-related signals. Of note, production of ROS induced by LPS was reduced in Rac2-/- cells, accompanied with enhanced SOD1, SOD2 and reduced XO and phosphorylated-JNK expressions. Our results indicated that Rac2 played an essential role in acute liver injury induced by CCl4, providing the compelling information of the effects of Rac2 on liver injury, and revealing a novel regulatory mechanism for acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 222 Huanhuxisan Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ji-Bin Xiong
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 222 Huanhuxisan Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 222 Huanhuxisan Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ai-Zhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 222 Huanhuxisan Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ke-Jian Qian
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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22
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Torres TE, Russo LC, Santos A, Marques GR, Magalhaes YT, Tabassum S, Forti FL. Loss of DUSP3 activity radiosensitizes human tumor cell lines via attenuation of DNA repair pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1879-1894. [PMID: 28389334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Shih BB, Nirmal AJ, Headon DJ, Akbar AN, Mabbott NA, Freeman TC. Derivation of marker gene signatures from human skin and their use in the interpretation of the transcriptional changes associated with dermatological disorders. J Pathol 2017; 241:600-613. [PMID: 28008606 PMCID: PMC5363360 DOI: 10.1002/path.4864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have explored the altered transcriptional landscape associated with skin diseases to understand the nature of these disorders. However, data interpretation represents a significant challenge due to a lack of good maker sets for many of the specialized cell types that make up this tissue, whose composition may fundamentally alter during disease. Here we have sought to derive expression signatures that define the various cell types and structures that make up human skin, and demonstrate how they can be used to aid the interpretation of transcriptomic data derived from this organ. Two large normal skin transcriptomic datasets were identified, one RNA-seq (n = 578), the other microarray (n = 165), quality controlled and subjected separately to network-based analyses to identify clusters of robustly co-expressed genes. The biological significance of these clusters was then assigned using a combination of bioinformatics analyses, literature, and expert review. After cross comparison between analyses, 20 gene signatures were defined. These included expression signatures for hair follicles, glands (sebaceous, sweat, apocrine), keratinocytes, melanocytes, endothelia, muscle, adipocytes, immune cells, and a number of pathway systems. Collectively, we have named this resource SkinSig. SkinSig was then used in the analysis of transcriptomic datasets for 18 skin conditions, providing in-context interpretation of these data. For instance, conventional analysis has shown there to be a decrease in keratinization and fatty metabolism with age; we more accurately define these changes to be due to loss of hair follicles and sebaceous glands. SkinSig also highlighted the over-/under-representation of various cell types in skin diseases, reflecting an influx in immune cells in inflammatory disorders and a relative reduction in other cell types. Overall, our analyses demonstrate the value of this new resource in defining the functional profile of skin cell types and appendages, and in improving the interpretation of disease data. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara B Shih
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of Edinburgh, Easter BushMidlothianEdinburghEH25 9RGUK
| | - Ajit J Nirmal
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of Edinburgh, Easter BushMidlothianEdinburghEH25 9RGUK
| | - Denis J Headon
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of Edinburgh, Easter BushMidlothianEdinburghEH25 9RGUK
| | - Arne N Akbar
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College London90 Gower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of Edinburgh, Easter BushMidlothianEdinburghEH25 9RGUK
| | - Tom C Freeman
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of Edinburgh, Easter BushMidlothianEdinburghEH25 9RGUK
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24
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Dual-specificity phosphatase 5 controls the localized inhibition, propagation, and transforming potential of ERK signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E317-E326. [PMID: 28053233 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614684114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling drives cancer growth. Normally, ERK activity is self-limiting by the rapid inactivation of upstream kinases and delayed induction of dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs/DUSPs). However, interactions between these feedback mechanisms are unclear. Here we show that, although the MKP DUSP5 both inactivates and anchors ERK in the nucleus, it paradoxically increases and prolongs cytoplasmic ERK activity. The latter effect is caused, at least in part, by the relief of ERK-mediated RAF inhibition. The importance of this spatiotemporal interaction between these distinct feedback mechanisms is illustrated by the fact that expression of oncogenic BRAFV600E, a feedback-insensitive mutant RAF kinase, reprograms DUSP5 into a cell-wide ERK inhibitor that facilitates cell proliferation and transformation. In contrast, DUSP5 deletion causes BRAFV600E-induced ERK hyperactivation and cellular senescence. Thus, feedback interactions within the ERK pathway can regulate cell proliferation and transformation, and suggest oncogene-specific roles for DUSP5 in controlling ERK signaling and cell fate.
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25
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Beccati D, Lech M, Ozug J, Gunay NS, Wang J, Sun EY, Pradines JR, Farutin V, Shriver Z, Kaundinya GV, Capila I. An integrated approach using orthogonal analytical techniques to characterize heparan sulfate structure. Glycoconj J 2016; 34:107-117. [PMID: 27771794 PMCID: PMC5266780 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells, has been postulated to have important roles in driving both normal and pathological physiologies. The chemical structure and sulfation pattern (domain structure) of HS is believed to determine its biological function, to vary across tissue types, and to be modified in the context of disease. Characterization of HS requires isolation and purification of cell surface HS as a complex mixture. This process may introduce additional chemical modification of the native residues. In this study, we describe an approach towards thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS). These techniques are applied to characterize this mixture at various levels including composition, fragment level, and overall chain properties. The combination of these techniques in many instances provides orthogonal views into the fine structure of HS, and in other instances provides overlapping / confirmatory information from different perspectives. Specifically, this approach enables quantitative determination of natural and modified saccharide residues in the HS chains, and identifies unusual structures. Analysis of partially digested HS chains allows for a better understanding of the domain structures within this mixture, and yields specific insights into the non-reducing end and reducing end structures of the chains. This approach outlines a useful framework that can be applied to elucidate HS structure and thereby provides means to advance understanding of its biological role and potential involvement in disease progression. In addition, the techniques described here can be applied to characterization of heparin from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Beccati
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Miroslaw Lech
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jennifer Ozug
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Nur Sibel Gunay
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Elaine Y Sun
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Joël R Pradines
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Victor Farutin
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Zachary Shriver
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ganesh V Kaundinya
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ishan Capila
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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26
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Rincón R, Zazo S, Chamizo C, Manso R, González-Alonso P, Martín-Aparicio E, Cristóbal I, Cañadas C, Perona R, Lluch A, Eroles P, García-Foncillas J, Albanell J, Rovira A, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rojo F. c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Inactivation by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase 1 Determines Resistance to Taxanes and Anthracyclines in Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2780-2790. [PMID: 27599524 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is overexpressed during malignant transformation of the breast in many patients, and it is usually associated with chemoresistance through interference with JNK-driven apoptotic pathways. Although the molecular settings of the mechanism have been documented, details about the contribution of MKP-1 to the failure of chemotherapeutic interventions are unclear. Transient overexpression of MKP-1 and treatment with JNK-modulating agents in breast carcinoma cells confirmed the mediation of MKP-1 in the resistance to taxanes and anthracyclines in breast cancer, through the inactivation of JNK1/2. We next assessed MKP-1 expression and JNK1/2 phosphorylation status in a large cohort of samples from 350 early breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy. We detected that MKP-1 overexpression is a recurrent event predominantly linked to dephosphorylation of JNK1/2 with an adverse impact on relapse of the tumor and overall and disease-free survival. Moreover, MKP-1 and p-JNK1/2 determinations in 64 locally advanced breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy showed an inverse correlation between MKP-1 overexpression (together with JNK1/2 inhibition) and the pathologic response of the tumors. Our results emphasize the importance of MKP-1 as a potential predictive biomarker for a subset of breast cancer patients with worse outcome and less susceptibility to treatment. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2780-90. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Rincón
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Chamizo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Manso
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ion Cristóbal
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute FJD-UAM, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Cañadas
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Perona
- "Alberto Sols" Biomedical Research Institute CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Eroles
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute FJD-UAM, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Rovira
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Khan SA, Amnekar R, Khade B, Barreto SG, Ramadwar M, Shrikhande SV, Gupta S. p38-MAPK/MSK1-mediated overexpression of histone H3 serine 10 phosphorylation defines distance-dependent prognostic value of negative resection margin in gastric cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:88. [PMID: 27588146 PMCID: PMC5007744 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations in histone modifications are now well known to result in epigenetic heterogeneity in tumor tissues; however, their prognostic value and association with resection margins still remain poorly understood and controversial. Further, histopathologically negative resection margins in several cancers have been associated with better prognosis of the disease. However, in gastric cancer, despite a high rate of R0 resection, a considerably high incidence of loco-regional recurrence is observed. We believe alterations of global histone post-translational modifications could help in identifying molecular signatures for defining the true negative surgical resection margins and also the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Results The present study compares the level of H3S10ph among paired tumor and histopathologically confirmed disease-free (R0) proximal and distal surgical resection margin (PRM and DRM) tissue samples of GC patients (n = 101). Immunoblotting and immune-histochemical analysis showed a significantly (p < 0.01) higher level of H3S10ph in tumor compared to R0 surgical resection margins. Along with tumor, high H3S10ph levels in both PRM and DRM correlated with clinical parameters and poor survival. Interestingly, in the case of PRM and DRM, the association of H3S10ph with poor survival was only found in a patient group with the resection margin distance <4 cm. Further investigations revealed that the increase of H3S10ph in tumor tissues is not due to the change in cell cycle profile but rather an interphase-associated phenomenon. Moreover, an increase in ph-MSK1 and ph-p38 levels in tumor tissues and the decrease in ph-MSK1 and H3S10ph on p38 inhibition in gastric cancer cells confirmed p38-MAPK/MSK1 pathway-mediated regulation of H3S10ph in gastric cancer. Conclusions Our study provides the first evidence that p38-MAPK/MSK1-regulated increase of H3S10ph in GC is predictive of a more aggressive cancer phenotype and could help in defining true negative surgical resection margin. Importantly, our data also gave a new rationale for exploration of the use of MSK1 inhibitor in gastric cancer therapy and the combination of histone post-translational modifications, H4K16ac and H4K20me3 along with H3S10ph as epigenetic prognostic markers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0255-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafqat Ali Khan
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, MH 410210 India ; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH 400085 India
| | - Ramchandra Amnekar
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, MH 410210 India ; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH 400085 India
| | - Bharat Khade
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, MH 410210 India
| | | | - Mukta Ramadwar
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, MH 400012 India
| | - Shailesh V Shrikhande
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Service, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, MH 400012 India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Laboratory, Cancer Research Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, MH 410210 India ; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, MH 400085 India
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28
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JNK Signaling: Regulation and Functions Based on Complex Protein-Protein Partnerships. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:793-835. [PMID: 27466283 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00043-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), as members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, mediate eukaryotic cell responses to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stress insults. JNKs also regulate important physiological processes, including neuronal functions, immunological actions, and embryonic development, via their impact on gene expression, cytoskeletal protein dynamics, and cell death/survival pathways. Although the JNK pathway has been under study for >20 years, its complexity is still perplexing, with multiple protein partners of JNKs underlying the diversity of actions. Here we review the current knowledge of JNK structure and isoforms as well as the partnerships of JNKs with a range of intracellular proteins. Many of these proteins are direct substrates of the JNKs. We analyzed almost 100 of these target proteins in detail within a framework of their classification based on their regulation by JNKs. Examples of these JNK substrates include a diverse assortment of nuclear transcription factors (Jun, ATF2, Myc, Elk1), cytoplasmic proteins involved in cytoskeleton regulation (DCX, Tau, WDR62) or vesicular transport (JIP1, JIP3), cell membrane receptors (BMPR2), and mitochondrial proteins (Mcl1, Bim). In addition, because upstream signaling components impact JNK activity, we critically assessed the involvement of signaling scaffolds and the roles of feedback mechanisms in the JNK pathway. Despite a clarification of many regulatory events in JNK-dependent signaling during the past decade, many other structural and mechanistic insights are just beginning to be revealed. These advances open new opportunities to understand the role of JNK signaling in diverse physiological and pathophysiological states.
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29
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Shen J, Zhang Y, Yu H, Shen B, Liang Y, Jin R, Liu X, Shi L, Cai X. Role of DUSP1/MKP1 in tumorigenesis, tumor progression and therapy. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2061-8. [PMID: 27227569 PMCID: PMC4884638 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual‐specificity phosphatase‐1 (DUSP1/MKP1), as a member of the threonine‐tyrosine dual‐specificity phosphatase family, was first found in cultured murine cells. The molecular mechanisms of DUSP1‐mediated extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases (ERKs) dephosphorylation have been subsequently identified by studies using gene knockout mice and gene silencing technology. As a protein phosphatase, DUSP1 also downregulates p38 MAPKs and JNKs signaling through directly dephosphorylating threonine and tyrosine. It has been detected that DUSP1 is involved in various functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in normal cells. In various human cancers, abnormal expression of DUSP1 was observed which was associated with prognosis of tumor patients. Further studies have revealed its role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Besides, DUSP1 has been found to play a role in tumor chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and biotherapy. In this review, we will focus on the function and mechanism of DUSP1 in tumor cells and tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yuelong Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Renan Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
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30
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Jung S, Nah J, Han J, Choi SG, Kim H, Park J, Pyo HK, Jung YK. Dual-specificity phosphatase 26 (DUSP26) stimulates Aβ42 generation by promoting amyloid precursor protein axonal transport during hypoxia. J Neurochem 2016; 137:770-81. [PMID: 26924229 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is generated through the sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases. Hypoxia is a known risk factor for AD and stimulates Aβ generation by γ-secretase; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we showed that dual-specificity phosphatase 26 (DUSP26) regulates Aβ generation through changes in subcellular localization of the γ-secretase complex and its substrate C99 under hypoxic conditions. DUSP26 was identified as a novel γ-secretase regulator from a genome-wide functional screen using a cDNA expression library. The phosphatase activity of DUSP26 was required for the increase in Aβ42 generation through γ-secretase, but this regulation did not affect the amount of the γ-secretase complex. Interestingly, DUSP26 induced the accumulation of C99 in the axons by stimulating anterograde transport of C99-positive vesicles. Additionally, DUSP26 induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation for APP processing and axonal transport of C99. Under hypoxic conditions, DUSP26 expression levels were elevated together with JNK activation, and treatment with JNK inhibitor SP600125, or the DUSP26 inhibitor NSC-87877, reduced hypoxia-induced Aβ generation by diminishing vesicle trafficking of C99 to the axons. Finally, we observed enhanced DUSP26 expression and JNK activation in the hippocampus of AD patients. Our results suggest that DUSP26 mediates hypoxia-induced Aβ generation through JNK activation, revealing a new regulator of γ-secretase-mediated APP processing under hypoxic conditions. We propose the role of phosphatase dual-specificity phosphatase 26 (DUSP26) in the selective regulation of Aβ42 production in neuronal cells under hypoxic stress. Induction of DUSP26 causes JNK-dependent shift in the subcellular localization of γ-secretase and C99 from the cell body to axons for Aβ42 generation. These findings provide a new strategy for developing new therapeutic targets to arrest AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Jung
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihoon Nah
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jonghee Han
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Guk Choi
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Kim
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaesang Park
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Kyung Pyo
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Jung
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Screening enoxaparin tetrasaccharide SEC fractions for 3-O-sulfo-N-sulfoglucosamine residues using [1H,15N] HSQC NMR. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:1545-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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32
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Lang E, Bissinger R, Fajol A, Salker MS, Singh Y, Zelenak C, Ghashghaeinia M, Gu S, Jilani K, Lupescu A, Reyskens KMSE, Ackermann TF, Föller M, Schleicher E, Sheffield WP, Arthur JSC, Lang F, Qadri SM. Accelerated apoptotic death and in vivo turnover of erythrocytes in mice lacking functional mitogen- and stress-activated kinase MSK1/2. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17316. [PMID: 26611568 PMCID: PMC4661433 DOI: 10.1038/srep17316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen- and stress-activated kinase MSK1/2 plays a decisive role in apoptosis. In analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells, suicidal erythrocyte death called eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling leading to phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization. Here, we explored whether MSK1/2 participates in the regulation of eryptosis. To this end, erythrocytes were isolated from mice lacking functional MSK1/2 (msk−/−) and corresponding wild-type mice (msk+/+). Blood count, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and mean erythrocyte volume were similar in both msk−/− and msk+/+ mice, but reticulocyte count was significantly increased in msk−/− mice. Cell membrane PS exposure was similar in untreated msk−/− and msk+/+ erythrocytes, but was enhanced by pathophysiological cell stressors ex vivo such as hyperosmotic shock or energy depletion to significantly higher levels in msk−/− erythrocytes than in msk+/+ erythrocytes. Cell shrinkage following hyperosmotic shock and energy depletion, as well as hemolysis following decrease of extracellular osmolarity was more pronounced in msk−/− erythrocytes. The in vivo clearance of autologously-infused CFSE-labeled erythrocytes from circulating blood was faster in msk−/− mice. The spleens from msk−/− mice contained a significantly greater number of PS-exposing erythrocytes than spleens from msk+/+ mice. The present observations point to accelerated eryptosis and subsequent clearance of erythrocytes leading to enhanced erythrocyte turnover in MSK1/2-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abul Fajol
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine Zelenak
- Charité Medical University Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Ghashghaeinia
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shuchen Gu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kashif Jilani
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Adrian Lupescu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathleen M S E Reyskens
- MRC Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom.,Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa F Ackermann
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Föller
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,nstitute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Erwin Schleicher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straβe 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - William P Sheffield
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada
| | - J Simon C Arthur
- MRC Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom.,Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada
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33
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Zhang Z, Ma W, Wang L, Gong H, Tian Y, Zhang J, Liu J, Lu H, Chen X, Liu Y. Activation of Type 4 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Death of Neural Stem Cells with Inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPK Signaling. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2709-22. [PMID: 26176363 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting both endogenous and exogenous neural stem cells' (NSCs) survival in the hostile host environments is essential to cell replacement therapy for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR4), one of the members of mGluRs, has been shown to protect neurons from acute and chronic excitotoxic insults in various brain damages. The present study investigated the preventive effects of mGluR4 on NSC injury induced by oxidative stress. Under challenge with H2O2, loss of cell viability was observed in cultured rat NSCs, and treatment with selective mGluR4 agonist VU0155041 conferred protective effects against the loss of cellular viability in a concentration-dependent manner, as shown by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Pretreatment of VU0155041 (30 μM) also inhibited the excessive NSC death induced by H2O2, and group III mGluRs antagonist (RS)-a-methylserine-O-phosphate (MSOP) or gene-targeted knockdown abolished the protective action of mGluR4, indicated by propidium iodide-Hoechst and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Western blot assay demonstrated that mGluR4 activation reversed the decreased procaspase-8/9/3and the destructed Bcl-2/Bax expressing balance, and likewise, MSOP and mGluR4 knockdown abrogated the action of mGluR4 activity. Furthermore, inhibition of JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were observed after mGluR4 activation, and as paralleling control, JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 and p38-specific inhibitor SB203580 significantly rescued the H2O2-mediated NSC apoptosis and cleavage of procaspase-3. We suggest that activation of mGluR4 prevents oxidative stress-induced NSC death and apoptotic-associated protein activities with involvement of inhibiting the JNK and p38 pathways in cell culture. Our findings may help to develop strategies for enhancing the resided and transplanted NSC survival after oxidative stress insult of CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- 1 Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Ma
- 1 Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical College , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanshi Gong
- 1 Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yumei Tian
- 3 Xi'an Mental Health Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianshui Zhang
- 1 Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- 1 Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- 1 Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- 1 Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Liu
- 1 Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Dong C, He M, Ren R, Xie Y, Yuan D, Dang B, Li W, Shao C. Role of the MAPK pathway in the observed bystander effect in lymphocytes co-cultured with macrophages irradiated with γ-rays or carbon ions. Life Sci 2015; 127:19-25. [PMID: 25748424 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) has potential implications in cancer risks from space particle radiation; however, the mechanisms underlying RIBE are unclear. The role of the MAPK pathway in the RIBEs of different linear energy transfer (LET) was investigated. MAIN METHODS Human macrophage U937 cells were irradiated with γ-rays or carbon ions and then co-cultured with nonirradiated HMy2.CIR (HMy) lymphocytes for different periods. The activation of MAPK proteins and the generation of intracellular nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the irradiated U937 cells were measured. Micronuclei (MN) formation in the HMy cells was applied to evaluate the bystander damage. Some U937 cells were pretreated with different MAPK inhibitors before irradiation. KEY FINDINGS Additional MN formation was induced in the HMy cells after co-culturing with irradiated U937 cells, and the yield of this bystander MN formation was dependent on the co-culture period with γ-ray irradiation but remained high after 1h of co-culture with carbon irradiation. Further investigations disclosed that the time response of the RIBEs had a relationship with LET, where ERK played a different role from JNK and p38 in regulating RIBEs by regulating the generation of the bystander signaling factors NO and ROS. SIGNIFICANCE The finding that the RIBE of high-LET radiation could persist for a much longer period than that of γ-rays implies that particle radiation during space flight could have a high risk of long-term harmful effects. An appropriate intervention targeting the MAPK pathway may have significant implications in reducing this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, No. 2094 Xie-Tu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingyuan He
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, No. 2094 Xie-Tu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruiping Ren
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, No. 2094 Xie-Tu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuexia Xie
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, No. 2094 Xie-Tu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dexiao Yuan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, No. 2094 Xie-Tu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bingrong Dang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunlin Shao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, No. 2094 Xie-Tu Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Nakagawa S, Omura T, Yonezawa A, Yano I, Nakagawa T, Matsubara K. Extracellular nucleotides from dying cells act as molecular signals to promote wound repair in renal tubular injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F1404-11. [PMID: 25354940 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00196.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) often correlates with poor prognosis and is followed by various severe unfavorable systemic outcomes. It is important to understand the pathophysiology of AKI for the development of novel therapeutic approaches toward promoting renal regeneration after injury. Recent studies have indicated that AKI-induced tubular cell death plays an active role in the onset of tissue regeneration; however, the mechanisms underlying renal tubular repair after injury have yet to be understood. In the present study, we explored molecules that might serve as "danger" signals in mediating tubular regeneration. Kidneys of rats systemically administered the nephrotoxicant cisplatin (to induce AKI) exhibited massive cell proliferation. The proportion of proliferating cells in the total cell distribution was highest in the outer stripe of the outer medulla coincided with where the tubular damage was the most severe in this study. This finding suggests that soluble factors may have been released from damaged cells to stimulate the proliferation of neighboring tubular epithelial cells. In elucidating the mechanism of dying cell-to-surviving cell communication using normal rat kidney NRK-52E epithelial cells, we found a significant increase in ATP levels in supernatants of these cells after the induction of cell death using ultraviolet irradiation. Furthermore, treatment of conditioned supernatants with apyrase or suramin, which inhibits purinergic signaling, resulted in significant decreases in cell proliferation and migration activities. These results demonstrate a novel role for extracellular nucleotides, probably as danger signals in aggravating tubular regeneration after AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsaku Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Omura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yonezawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yano
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Matsubara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Khan SA, Tyagi M, Sharma AK, Barreto SG, Sirohi B, Ramadwar M, Shrikhande SV, Gupta S. Cell-type specificity of β-actin expression and its clinicopathological correlation in gastric adenocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12202-12211. [PMID: 25232253 PMCID: PMC4161804 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i34.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate cell type specific distribution of β-actin expression in gastric adenocarcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters.
METHODS: β-actin is a housekeeping gene, frequently used as loading control, but, differentially expresses in cancer. In gastric cancer, an overall increased expression of β-actin has been reported using tissue disruptive techniques. At present, no histological data is available to indicate its cell type-specific expression and distribution pattern. In the present study, we analyzed β-actin expression and distribution in paired normal and tumor tissue samples of gastric adenocarcinoma patients using immunohistochemistry (IHC), a tissue non-disruptive technique as well as tissue disruptive techniques like reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. Correlation of β-actin level with clinicopathological parameters was done using univariate analysis.
RESULTS: The results of this study showed significant overexpression, at both mRNA and protein level in tumor tissues as confirmed by RT-PCR (1.47 ± 0.13 vs 2.36 ± 0.16; P < 0.001) and western blotting (1.92 ± 0.26 vs 2.88 ± 0.32; P < 0.01). IHC revealed that β-actin expression is majorly distributed between epithelial and inflammatory cells of the tissues. Inflammatory cells showed a significantly higher expression compared to epithelial cells in normal (2.46 ± 0.13 vs 5.92 ± 0.23, P < 0.001), as well as, in tumor tissues (2.79 ± 0.24 vs 6.71 ± 0.14, P < 0.001). Further, comparison of immunostaining between normal and tumor tissues revealed that both epithelial and inflammatory cells overexpress β-actin in tumor tissues, however, significant difference was observed only in inflammatory cells (5.92 ± 0.23 vs 6.71 ± 0.14, P < 0.01). Moreover, combined expression in epithelial and inflammatory cells also showed significant increase (4.19 ± 0.15 vs 4.75 ± 0.14, P < 0.05) in tumor tissues. In addition, univariate analysis showed a positive correlation of β-actin level of inflammatory cells with tumor grade (P < 0.05) while epithelial cells exhibited negative correlation (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: In gastric cancer, β-actin showed an overall higher expression predominantly contributed by inflammatory or tumor infiltrating immune cells of the tissue microenvironment and correlates with tumor grade.
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Comparison of Intracellular Stress Response of NCI-H526 Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Cells to Platinum(II) Cisplatin and Platinum(IV) Oxoplatin. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1487-99. [PMID: 25006835 PMCID: PMC4190551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In attempts to develop an orally applicable platinum-based drug, platinum(IV) drugs which exhibit higher in vivo stability compared to the platinum(II) drug cisplatin were formulated. The first such chemotherapeutic agent, namely satraplatin, failed to receive approval. In the present work, we checked the initial cellular stress response of the chemosensitive NCI-H526 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells by determination of the relative phosphorylation of 46 specific phosphorylation sites of 38 selected proteins in a six hours response to cisplatin (platinum(II)) or oxoplatin (platinum(IV)), respectively. Oxoplatin is considered as prodrug of cisplatin, although several findings point to differences in intracellular effects. Cisplatin induced hyperphosphorylation of p38α MAPK and AMPKα1, whereas oxoplatin treatment resulted in increased phosphorylation of a large number of signaling proteins involved in stress response/drug resistance, including JNK, GSK-3α, AMPKα1, src kinases, STATs, CHK-2 and especially focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Cisplatin exerts markedly higher cytotoxicity upon four hours short-term exposure in comparison to oxoplatin and, correspondingly, the extended initial stress response to the platinum(IV) drug oxoplatin thus is expected to increase clinical drug resistance. Induction of a substantial stress response to any prodrug of a platinum-based compound may likewise limit the effectivity of its active metabolite(s), such contributing to the failure of selected derivatized platinum complexes.
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Lee HS, Hwang CY, Shin SY, Kwon KS, Cho KH. MLK3 is part of a feedback mechanism that regulates different cellular responses to reactive oxygen species. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra52. [PMID: 24894995 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence diverse cellular processes, including proliferation and apoptosis. Both endogenous and exogenous ROS activate signaling through mitogen-activated proteins kinase (MAPK) pathways, including those involving extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) or c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs). Whereas low concentrations of ROS generally stimulate proliferation, high concentrations result in cell death. We found that low concentrations of ROS induced activating phosphorylation of ERKs, whereas high concentrations of ROS induced activating phosphorylation of JNKs. Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3, also known as MAP3K11) directly phosphorylates JNKs and may control activation of ERKs. Mathematical modeling of MAPK networks revealed a positive feedback loop involving MLK3 that determined the relative phosphorylation of ERKs and JNKs by ROS. Cells exposed to an MLK3 inhibitor or cells in which MLK3 was knocked down showed increased activation of ERKs and decreased activation of JNKs and were resistant to cell death when exposed to high concentrations of ROS. Thus, the data indicated that MLK3 is a critical factor controlling the activity of kinase networks that control the cellular responses to different concentrations of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sung Lee
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea. Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Young Hwang
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea. Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Young Shin
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea. Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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Morente V, Pérez-Sen R, Ortega F, Huerta-Cepas J, Delicado EG, Miras-Portugal MT. Neuroprotection elicited by P2Y13 receptors against genotoxic stress by inducing DUSP2 expression and MAPK signaling recovery. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1886-98. [PMID: 24851838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotides activating P2Y13 receptors display neuroprotective actions against different apoptotic stimuli in cerebellar granule neurons. In the present study, P2Y13 neuroprotection was analyzed in conditions of genotoxic stress. Exposure to cisplatin and UV radiation induced caspase-3-dependent apoptotic cell death, and p38 MAPK signaling de-regulation. Pre-treatment with P2Y13 nucleotide agonist, 2methyl-thio-ADP (2MeSADP), restored granule neuron survival and prevented p38 long-lasting activation induced by cytotoxic treatments. Microarray gene expression analysis in 2MeSADP-stimulated cells revealed over-representation of genes related to protein phosphatase activity. Among them, dual-specificity phosphatase-2, DUSP2, was validated as a transcriptional target for P2Y13 receptors by QPCR. This effect could explain 2MeSADP ability to dephosphorylate a DUSP2 substrate, p38, reestablishing the inactive form. In addition, cisplatin-induced p38 sustained activation correlated perfectly with progressive reduction in DUSP2 expression. In conclusion, P2Y13 receptors regulate DUSP2 expression and contribute to p38 signaling homeostasis and survival in granule neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Morente
- Biochemistry Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain
| | - Raquel Pérez-Sen
- Biochemistry Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain.
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany
| | - Jaime Huerta-Cepas
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader, 88., Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esmerilda G Delicado
- Biochemistry Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain
| | - M Teresa Miras-Portugal
- Biochemistry Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain
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Morioka N, Abe H, Araki R, Matsumoto N, Zhang FF, Nakamura Y, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Nakata Y. A β1/2 adrenergic receptor-sensitive intracellular signaling pathway modulates CCL2 production in cultured spinal astrocytes. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:323-32. [PMID: 24037783 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the subsequent production of C-C chemokine CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein; MCP-1) in spinal astrocytes contribute to the initiation of neurological disorders including chronic pain. Astrocytes express neurotransmitter receptors which could be targeted to ameliorate neurological disorders. In the current study, the involvement of the β-adrenergic system in the regulation of JNK activity and CCL2 production after stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, one of many initiators of neuroinflammation, was elucidated. Treatment of cultured spinal astrocytes with isoproterenol (a β-adrenergic receptor agonist; 1 µM) reduced both TNF-α-induced JNK1 phosphorylation, as observed by Western blotting, and the subsequent increase of both CCL2 mRNA expression and CCL2 production, which were measured by real time-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The effects of isoproterenol were completely blocked by pretreatment with either propranolol (a β-adrenoceptor antagonist) or H89 (a protein kinase A [PKA] inhibitor). The current study revealed that the regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity is a crucial factor in the inhibitory action of isoproterenol. The TNF-α-induced JNK1 phosphorylation was significantly blocked by treatment with GSK-3β inhibitors (either LiCl or TWS119), and stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors induced the inhibition of GSK-3β through the phosphorylation of Ser(9) . Moreover, treatment with isoproterenol markedly suppressed the TNF-α-induced increase of CCL2 mRNA expression and CCL2 production through a β-adrenergic receptor-PKA pathway mediated by GSK-3β regulation. Thus, activation of β1/2 adrenergic receptors expressed in spinal astrocytes could be a novel method of moderating neurological disorders with endogenous catecholamines or selective agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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Rastogi R, Jiang Z, Ahmad N, Rosati R, Liu Y, Beuret L, Monks R, Charron J, Birnbaum MJ, Samavati L. Rapamycin induces mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) expression through activation of protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase pathways. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:33966-33977. [PMID: 24126911 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.492702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), also known as dual specificity phosphatase-1 (DUSP-1), plays a crucial role in the deactivation of MAPKs. Several drugs with immune-suppressive properties modulate MKP-1 expression as part of their mechanism of action. We investigated the effect of mTOR inhibition through rapamycin and a dual mTOR inhibitor (AZD2014) on MKP-1 expression. Low dose rapamycin led to a rapid activation of both AKT and ERK pathways with a subsequent increase in MKP-1 expression. Rapamycin treatment led to phosphorylation of CREB, transcription factor 1 (ATF1), and ATF2, three transcription factors that bind to the cyclic AMP-responsive elements on the Mkp-1 promoter. Inhibition of either the MEK/ERK or the AKT pathway attenuated rapamycin-mediated MKP-1 induction. AZD2014 did not activate AKT but activated the ERK pathway, leading to a moderate MKP-1 induction. Using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) derived from wild-type (WT) mice or mice deficient in AKT1 and AKT2 isoforms or BMDM from targeted deficiency in MEK1 and MEK2, we show that rapamycin treatment led to an increased MKP1 expression in BMDM from WT but failed to do so in BMDMs lacking the AKT1 isoform or MEK1 and MEK2. Importantly, rapamycin pretreatment inhibited LPS-mediated p38 activation and decreased nitric oxide and IL-6 production. Our work provides a conceptual framework for the observed immune modulatory effect of mTOR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Rastogi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Zhongliang Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Rita Rosati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Yusen Liu
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205
| | - Laurent Beuret
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, CRCHU-Q, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Robert Monks
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Jean Charron
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, CRCHU-Q, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Morris J Birnbaum
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Lobelia Samavati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201.
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Wan X, Huo Y, Johns M, Piper E, Mason JC, Carling D, Haskard DO, Boyle JJ. 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase-activating transcription factor 1 cascade modulates human monocyte-derived macrophages to atheroprotective functions in response to heme or metformin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2470-80. [PMID: 24051143 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.300986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) is an important driver of the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. Recently, we characterized Mhem as a novel macrophage phenotype that limits the atherogenicity of IPH. Mhem are directed by activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1), which is activated by phosphorylation. A better understanding of the counteratherogenic ATF1-Mhem pathway may facilitate antiatherosclerotic therapies. APPROACH AND RESULTS We tested the hypothesis that heme in pathologically relevant concentrations activates the ATF1-Mhem pathway via 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages and mouse bone marrow macrophages. We found that heme (10 μmol/L) activates AMPK, and downstream ATF1-mediated coinduction of heme oxygenase and liver X receptor that characterize Mhem. Heme increased macrophage phospho-AMPK, phospho-ATF1, and its target genes, and these effects were inhibited by the AMPK antagonist dorsomorphin, or by AMPK-knockdown with small inhibitory ribonucleic acid. The AMPK-activating oral hypoglycemic agent metformin also induced and phosphorylated ATF1 at a clinically relevant concentration (10 μmol/L). Functional effects of heme and metformin were inhibited by AMPK-knockdown and included suppression of macrophage oxidative stress; increased cholesterol export; protection from foam-cell formation; and suppression of macrophage inflammatory activation (human leukocyte antigen type DR expression). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that heme activates the ATF1 pathway in human macrophages via AMPK, and that a similar response occurs after treatment of cells with metformin. Our results suggest an in vitro mechanism that may explain the clinical evidence that metformin has vascular protective effects beyond its role in treating hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wan
- From the Section of Vascular Sciences, National Heart & Lung Institute (X.W., Y.H., M.J., E.P., J.C.M., D.O.H., J.J.B.) and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (D.C.), Imperial College, London, UK
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Gorostizaga A, Mori Sequeiros García MM, Acquier A, Gomez NV, Maloberti PM, Mendez CF, Paz C. Modulation of albumin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in renal proximal tubule cells by upregulation of mapk phosphatase-1. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:47-54. [PMID: 23994741 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
High amounts of albumin in urine cause tubulointerstitial damage that leads to a rapid deterioration of the renal function. Albumin exerts its injurious effects on renal cells through a process named endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen. In addition, albumin promotes phosphorylation and consequent activation of MAPKs such as ERK1/2. Since ERK1/2 activation promoted by albumin is a transient event, the aims of the present work were to identify the phosphatase involved in their dephosphorylation in albumin-exposed cells and to analyze the putative regulation of this phosphatase by albumin. We also sought to determine the role played by the phospho/dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the cellular response to albumin-induced ER stress. MAP kinase phosphatase-1, MKP-1, is a nuclear enzyme involved in rapid MAPK dephosphorylation. Here we present evidence supporting the notion that this phosphatase is responsible for ERK1/2 dephosphorylation after albumin exposure in OK cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that exposure of OK cells to albumin transiently increases MKP-1 protein levels. The increase was evident after 15 min of exposure, peaked at 1 h (6-fold) and declined thereafter. In cells overexpressing flag-MKP-1, albumin caused the accumulation of this chimera, promoting MKP-1 stabilization by a posttranslational mechanism. Albumin also promoted a transient increase in MKP-1 mRNA levels (3-fold at 1 h) through the activation of gene transcription. In addition, we also show that albumin increased mRNA levels of GRP78, a key marker of ER stress, through an ERK-dependent pathway. In line with this finding, our studies demonstrate that flag-MKP-1 overexpression blunted albumin-induced GRP78 upregulation. Thus, our work demonstrates that albumin overload not only triggers MAPK activation but also tightly upregulates MKP-1 expression, which might modulate ER stress response to albumin overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gorostizaga
- Laboratory of Phosphatases in Signal Transduction, Institute for Biomedical Research (INBIOMED), Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ferro V. Heparan sulfate inhibitors and their therapeutic implications in inflammatory illnesses. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:965-75. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.811491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP)-1 as a neuroprotective agent: promotion of the morphological development of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 15:435-46. [PMID: 23584919 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-013-8230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A greater understanding of the mechanisms that promote the survival and growth of dopaminergic neurons is essential for the advancement of cell replacement therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD). Evidence supports a role for the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 in the demise of dopaminergic neurons, while mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), which negatively regulates p38 activity, has not yet been investigated in this context. Here, we show that MKP-1 is expressed in dopaminergic neurons cultured from E14 rat ventral mesencephalon (VM). When dopaminergic neurons were transfected to overexpress MKP-1, they displayed a more complex morphology than their control counterparts in vitro. Specifically, MKP-1-transfection induced significant increases in neurite length and branching with a maximum increase observed in primary branches. We demonstrate that inhibition of dopaminergic neurite growth induced by treatment of rat VM neurons with the dopaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in vitro is mediated by p38 and is concomitant with a significant and selective decrease in MKP-1 expression in these neurons. We further show that overexpression of MKP-1 in dopaminergic neurons contributes to neuroprotection against the effects of 6-OHDA. Collectively, we report that MKP-1 can promote the growth and elaboration of dopaminergic neuronal processes and can help protect them from the neurotoxic effects of 6-OHDA. Thus, we propose that strategies aimed at augmenting MKP-1 expression or activity may be beneficial in protecting dopaminergic neurons and may provide potential therapeutic approaches for PD.
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Kjellerup R, Johansen C, Kragballe K, Iversen L. The expression of dual-specificity phosphatase 1 mRNA is downregulated in lesional psoriatic skin. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:339-45. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Role for Prdx1 as a specific sensor in redox-regulated senescence in breast cancer. Oncogene 2013; 32:5302-14. [PMID: 23334324 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prdx1), in addition to its known H₂O₂-scavenging function, mediates cell signaling through redox-specific protein-protein interactions. Our data illustrate how Prdx1 specifically coordinates p38MAPK-induced signaling through regulating p38MAPKα phosphatases in an H₂O₂ dose-dependent manner. MAPK phosphatases (MKP-1 and/or MKP-5), which are known to dephosphorylate and deactivate the senescence-inducing MAPK p38α, belong to a group of redox-sensitive phosphatases (protein tyrosine phosphatases) characterized by a low pKa cysteine in their active sites. We found that Prdx1 bound to both MKP-1 and MKP-5, but dissociated from MKP-1 when the Prdx1 peroxidatic cysteine Cys52 was over-oxidized to sulfonic acid, which in turn resulted in MKP-1 oxidation-induced oligomerization and inactivity toward p38MAPKα. Conversely, over-oxidation of Prdx1-Cys52 was enhancing in the Prdx1:MKP-5 complex with increasing amounts of H₂O₂ concentrations and correlated with a protection from oxidation-induced oligomerization and inactivation of MKP-5 so that activation toward p38MAPK was maintained. Further examination of this Prdx1-specific mechanism in a model of reactive oxygen species-induced senescence of human breast epithelial cells revealed the specific activation of MKP-5, resulting in decreased p38MAPKα activity. Taken together, our data suggest that Prdx1 orchestrates redox signaling in an H₂O₂ dose-dependent manner through the oxidation status of its peroxidatic cysteine Cys52.
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Peerapen P, Thongboonkerd V. p38 MAPK mediates calcium oxalate crystal-induced tight junction disruption in distal renal tubular epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1041. [PMID: 23304432 PMCID: PMC3540397 DOI: 10.1038/srep01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined whether p38 MAPK plays role in calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystal-induced tight junction disruption. Polarized MDCK cells were pretreated with or without 20 μM SB239063 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) for 2-h, and then incubated with 100 μg/ml COM crystals for up to 48-h. Western blotting showed increased level of phospho-p38, not total p38, in COM-treated cells, whereas SB239063 pretreatment successfully maintained phospho-p38 at its basal level. COM crystals also caused decreased levels of two tight junction proteins, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. Immunofluorescence study revealed disruption of tight junction, redistribution, and dissociation of ZO-1 and occludin. Moreover, transepithelial resistance (TER) showed defective barrier function, whereas Western blotting for Na+/K+-ATPase-α1 revealed defective fence function of tight junction in COM-treated cells. All these expression and functional defects were successfully prevented by SB239063 pretreatment. These findings indicate that COM crystals cause tight junction disruption in distal renal tubular epithelial cells through p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Zhu J, Shen W, Gao L, Gu H, Shen S, Wang Y, Wu H, Guo J. PI3K/Akt-independent negative regulation of JNK signaling by MKP-7 after cerebral ischemia in rat hippocampus. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:1. [PMID: 23280045 PMCID: PMC3583678 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The inactivation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is associated with anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in cerebral ischemia, which can be induced by an imbalance between upstream phosphatases and kinases. Result Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 7 (MKP-7) was upregulated significantly at 4 h of reperfusion postischemia in rat hippocampi. By administration of cycloheximide or siRNA against mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 7 (MKP-7) in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion, an obvious enhancement of JNK activity was observed in 4 h of reperfusion following ischemia, suggesting MKP-7 was involved in JNK inactivation after ischemia. The subcellular localization of MKP-7 altered after ischemia, and the inhibition of MKP-7 nuclear export by Leptomycin B up-regulated JNK activity. Although PI3K/Akt inhibition could block downregulation of JNK activity through SEK1 and MKK-7 activation, PI3K/Akt activity was not associated with the regulation of JNK by MKP-7. Conclusions MKP-7, independently of PI3K/Akt pathway, played a key role in downregulation of JNK activity after ischemia in the rat hippocampus, and the export of MKP-7 from the nucleus was involved in downregulation of cytoplasmic JNK activity in response to ischemic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- JianXi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
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Clark AR, Dean JLE. The p38 MAPK Pathway in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Sideways Look. Open Rheumatol J 2012; 6:209-19. [PMID: 23028406 PMCID: PMC3460412 DOI: 10.2174/1874312901206010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway has been strongly implicated in many of
the processes that underlie the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). For many years it has been considered a promising
target for development of new anti-inflammatory drugs with which to treat RA and other chronic immune-mediated
inflammatory diseases. However, several recent clinical trials have concluded in a disappointing manner. Why is this so, if
p38 MAPK clearly contributes to the excessive production of inflammatory mediators, the destruction of bone and
cartilage? We argue that, to explain the apparent failure of p38 inhibitors in the rheumatology clinic, we need to
understand better the complexities of the p38 pathway and its many levels of communication with other cellular signaling
pathways. In this review we look at the p38 MAPK pathway from a slightly different perspective, emphasising its role in
post-transcriptional rather than transcriptional control of gene expression, and its contribution to the off-phase rather than
the on-phase of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Clark
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College London, 65 Aspenlea Road, Hammersmith, London W6 8LH, UK
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