1
|
Kelly MR, Lant NJ, Berlinguer-Palmini R, Burgess JG. Chemical mapping of xyloglucan distribution and cellulose crystallinity in cotton textiles reveals novel enzymatic targets to improve clothing longevity. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122243. [PMID: 38823912 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Pilling is a form of textile mechanical damage, forming fibrous bobbles on the surface of garments, resulting in premature disposal of clothing by consumers. However, our understanding on how the structural properties of the cellulosic matrix compliment the three-dimensional shape of cotton pills remains limited. This knowledge gap has hindered the development of effective 'pillase' technologies over the past 20 years due to challenges in balancing depilling efficacy with fabric integrity preservation. Therefore, the main focus here was characterising the role of cellulose and the hemicellulose components in cotton textiles to elucidate subtle differences between the chemistry of pills and fibre regions involved in structural integrity. State-of-the-art bioimaging using carbohydrate binding modules, monoclonal antibodies, and Leica SP8 and a Nikon A1R confocal microscopes, revealed the biophysical structure of cotton pills for the first time. Identifying regions of increased crystalline cellulose in the base of anchor fibres and weaker amorphous cellulose at dislocations in their centres, enhancing our understanding of current enzyme specificity. Surprisingly, pills contained a 7-fold increase in the concentration of xyloglucan compared to the main textile. Therefore, xyloglucan offers a previously undescribed target for overcoming this benefit-to-risk paradigm, suggesting a role for xyloglucanase enzymes in future pillase systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max R Kelly
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Ridley Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
| | - Neil J Lant
- Procter and Gamble, Newcastle Innovation Centre, Whitley Road, Longbenton, Newcastle upon Tyne NE12 9TS, United Kingdom.
| | - Rolando Berlinguer-Palmini
- Bioimaging unit, William Leech Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
| | - J Grant Burgess
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Ridley Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fangel JU, Sørensen KM, Jacobsen N, Mravec J, Ahl LI, Bakshani C, Mikkelsen MD, Engelsen SB, Willats W, Ulvskov P. The legacy of terrestrial plant evolution on cell wall fine structure. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1238-1254. [PMID: 38173082 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of land flora was an epochal event in the history of planet Earth. The success of plants, and especially flowering plants, in colonizing all but the most hostile environments required multiple mechanisms of adaptation. The mainly polysaccharide-based cell walls of flowering plants, which are indispensable for water transport and structural support, are one of the most important adaptations to life on land. Thus, development of vasculature is regarded as a seminal event in cell wall evolution, but the impact of further refinements and diversification of cell wall compositions and architectures on radiation of flowering plant families is less well understood. We approached this from a glyco-profiling perspective and, using carbohydrate microarrays and monoclonal antibodies, studied the cell walls of 287 plant species selected to represent important evolutionary dichotomies and adaptation to a variety of habitats. The results support the conclusion that radiation of flowering plant families was indeed accompanied by changes in cell wall fine structure and that these changes can obscure earlier evolutionary events. Convergent cell wall adaptations identified by our analyses do not appear to be associated with plants with similar lifestyles but that are taxonomically distantly related. We conclude that cell wall structure is linked to phylogeny more strongly than to habitat or lifestyle and propose that there are many approaches of adaptation to any given ecological niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan U Fangel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Jacobsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Louise Isager Ahl
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Cassie Bakshani
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - William Willats
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Peter Ulvskov
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chernova T, Ageeva M, Ivanov O, Lev-Yadun S, Gorshkova T. Characterization of the fiber-like cortical cells in moss gametophytes. PLANTA 2024; 259:92. [PMID: 38504021 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Fiber-like cells with thickened cell walls of specific structure and polymer composition that includes (1 → 4)-β-galactans develop in the outer stem cortex of several moss species gametophytes. The early land plants evolved several specialized cell types and tissues that did not exist in their aquatic ancestors. Of these, water-conducting elements and reproductive organs have received most of the research attention. The evolution of tissues specialized to fulfill a mechanical function is by far less studied despite their wide distribution in land plants. For vascular plants following a homoiohydric trajectory, the evolutionary emergence of mechanical tissues is mainly discussed starting with the fern-like plants with their hypodermal sterome or sclerified fibers that have xylan and lignin-based cell walls. However, mechanical challenges were also faced by bryophytes, which lack lignified cell-walls. To characterize mechanical tissues in the bryophyte lineage, following a poikilohydric trajectory, we used six wild moss species (Polytrichum juniperinum, Dicranum sp., Rhodobryum roseum, Eurhynchiadelphus sp., Climacium dendroides, and Hylocomium splendens) and analyzed the structure and composition of their cell walls. In all of them, the outer stem cortex of the leafy gametophytic generation had fiber-like cells with a thickened but non-lignified cell wall. Such cells have a spindle-like shape with pointed tips. The additional thick cell wall layer in those fiber-like cells is composed of sublayers with structural evidence for different cellulose microfibril orientation, and with specific polymer composition that includes (1 → 4)-β-galactans. Thus, the basic cellular characters of the cells that provide mechanical support in vascular plant taxa (elongated cell shape, location at the periphery of a primary organ, the thickened cell wall and its peculiar composition and structure) also exist in mosses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Chernova
- The Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Marina Ageeva
- Microscopy Cabinet, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Oleg Ivanov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Simcha Lev-Yadun
- Department of Biology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa-Oranim, 36006, Tivon, Israel
| | - Tatyana Gorshkova
- The Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khamsaw P, Sommano SR, Wongkaew M, Willats WGT, Bakshani CR, Sirilun S, Sunanta P. Banana Peel ( Musa ABB cv. Nam Wa Mali-Ong) as a Source of Value-Adding Components and the Functional Properties of Its Bioactive Ingredients. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:593. [PMID: 38475439 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Banana peel (BP) is the primary by-product generated during banana processing which causes numerous environmental issues. This study examines the physical attributes, proximate analysis, glycoarray profiling, antioxidant abilities, and prebiotic activity of BP. The analysis demonstrated that carbohydrates constituted the primary components of BP and the glycoarray profiling indicated that BP contains multiple pectin and hemicellulose structures. BP also contained phenolic compounds, including (+)-catechin and gallic acid, flavonoid compounds, and antioxidant activities. BP demonstrated prebiotic effects by promoting the proliferation of advantageous gut bacteria while inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria. The prebiotic index scores demonstrated that BP exhibited a greater capacity to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in comparison to regular sugar. The study demonstrated the potential of the BP as a valuable source of dietary fibre, bioactive compounds, and prebiotics. These components have beneficial characteristics and can be utilised in the production of food, feed additives, and functional food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pattarapol Khamsaw
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Malaiporn Wongkaew
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Program in Food Production and Innovation, College of Integrated Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai 50220, Thailand
| | - William G T Willats
- Department of Biology, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Cassie R Bakshani
- Department of Biology, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SQ, UK
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Piyachat Sunanta
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Unit for Innovation in Responsible Food Production for Consumption of the Future (RIFF), Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Crawford C, Guazzelli L, McConnell SA, McCabe O, d’Errico C, Greengo SD, Wear MP, Jedlicka AE, Casadevall A, Oscarson S. Synthetic Glycans Reveal Determinants of Antibody Functional Efficacy against a Fungal Pathogen. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:475-488. [PMID: 37856427 PMCID: PMC10862557 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies play a vital role in the immune response to infectious diseases and can be administered passively to protect patients. In the case of Cryptococcus neoformans, a WHO critical priority fungal pathogen, infection results in antibodies targeting capsular glucuronoxylomannan (GXM). These antibodies yield protective, non-protective, and disease-enhancing outcomes when administered passively. However, it was unknown how these distinct antibodies recognized their antigens at the molecular level, leading to the hypothesis that they may target different GXM epitopes. To test this hypothesis, we constructed a microarray containing 26 glycans representative of those found in highly virulent cryptococcal strains and utilized it to study 16 well-characterized monoclonal antibodies. Notably, we found that protective and non-protective antibodies shared conserved reactivity to the M2 motif of GXM, irrespective of the strain used in infection or GXM-isolated to produce a conjugate vaccine. Here, only two antibodies, 12A1 and 18B7, exhibited diverse trivalent GXM motif reactivity. IgG antibodies associated with protective responses showed cross-reactivity to at least two GXM motifs. This molecular understanding of antibody binding epitopes was used to map the antigenic diversity of two Cryptococcus neoformans strains, which revealed the exceptional complexity of fungal capsular polysaccharides. A multi-GXM motif vaccine holds the potential to effectively address this antigenic diversity. Collectively, these findings underscore the context-dependent nature of antibody function and challenge the classification of anti-GXM epitopes as either "protective" or "non-protective".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conor
J. Crawford
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University
College Dublin, Belfield D04 V1W8, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University
College Dublin, Belfield D04 V1W8, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Scott A. McConnell
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Orla McCabe
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University
College Dublin, Belfield D04 V1W8, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Clotilde d’Errico
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University
College Dublin, Belfield D04 V1W8, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Seth D. Greengo
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Maggie P. Wear
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Anne E. Jedlicka
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University
College Dublin, Belfield D04 V1W8, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Petrova A, Ageeva M, Kozlova L. Root growth of monocotyledons and dicotyledons is limited by different tissues. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1462-1476. [PMID: 37646760 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and morphogenesis are determined by the mechanical properties of its cell walls. Using atomic force microscopy, we have characterized the dynamics of cell wall elasticity in different tissues in developing roots of several plant species. The elongation growth zone of roots of all species studied was distinguished by a reduced modulus of elasticity of most cell walls compared to the meristem or late elongation zone. Within the individual developmental zones of roots, there were also significant differences in the elasticity of the cell walls of the different tissues, thus identifying the tissues that limit root growth in the different species. In cereals, this is mainly the inner cortex, whereas in dicotyledons this function is performed by the outer tissues-rhizodermis and cortex. These differences result in a different behaviour of the roots of these species during longitudinal dissection. Modelling of longitudinal root dissection using measured properties confirmed the difference shown. Thus, the morphogenesis of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous roots relies on different tissues as growth limiting, which should be taken into account when analyzing the localization of associated molecular events. At the same time, no matrix polysaccharide was found whose immunolabelling in type I or type II cell walls would predict their mechanical properties. However, assessment of the degree of anisotropy of cortical microtubules showed a striking correlation with the elasticity of the corresponding cell walls in all species studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Petrova
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina Ageeva
- Microscopy Cabinet, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Liudmila Kozlova
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
- Mechanics and Civil Engineering Laboratory, University of Montpellier, 860 Rue de St - Priest, 34090, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schulz K, Machaj G, Knox P, Hancock RD, Verrall SR, Korpinen R, Saranpää P, Kärkönen A, Karpinska B, Foyer CH. Restraining Quiescence Release-Related Ageing in Plant Cells: A Case Study in Carrot. Cells 2023; 12:2465. [PMID: 37887309 PMCID: PMC10605352 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The blackening of cut carrots causes substantial economic losses to the food industry. Blackening was not observed in carrots that had been stored underground for less than a year, but the susceptibility to blackening increased with the age of the carrots that were stored underground for longer periods. Samples of black, border, and orange tissues from processed carrot batons and slices, prepared under industry standard conditions, were analyzed to identify the molecular and metabolic mechanisms underpinning processing-induced blackening. The black tissues showed substantial molecular and metabolic rewiring and large changes in the cell wall structure, with a decreased abundance of xyloglucan, pectins (homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, galactan and arabinan), and higher levels of lignin and other phenolic compounds when compared to orange tissues. Metabolite profiling analysis showed that there was a major shift from primary to secondary metabolism in the black tissues, which were depleted in sugars, amino acids, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates but were rich in phenolic compounds. These findings suggest that processing triggers a release from quiescence. Transcripts encoding proteins associated with secondary metabolism were less abundant in the black tissues, but there were no increases in transcripts associated with oxidative stress responses, programmed cell death, or senescence. We conclude that restraining quiescence release alters cell wall metabolism and composition, particularly regarding pectin composition, in a manner that increases susceptibility to blackening upon processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Schulz
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (K.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Gabriela Machaj
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (K.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Robert D. Hancock
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK;
| | - Susan R. Verrall
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 1BE, UK;
| | - Risto Korpinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Production Systems, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; (R.K.); (P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Pekka Saranpää
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Production Systems, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; (R.K.); (P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Kärkönen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Production Systems, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; (R.K.); (P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Barbara Karpinska
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christine H. Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boulogne I, Petit P, Desfontaines L, Durambur G, Deborde C, Mirande-Ney C, Arnaudin Q, Plasson C, Grivotte J, Chamot C, Bernard S, Loranger-Merciris G. Biological and Chemical Characterization of Musa paradisiaca Leachate. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1326. [PMID: 37887036 PMCID: PMC10604775 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for molecules of natural origin for biocontrol and biostimulation, given the current trend away from synthetic chemical products. Leachates extracted from plantain stems were obtained after biodegradation of the plant material. To characterize the leachate, quantitative determinations of nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, and cations (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+), Q2/4, Q2/6, and Q4/6 absorbance ratios, and metabolomic analysis were carried out. The potential role of plantain leachates as fungicide, elicitor of plant defense, and/or plant biostimulant was evaluated by agar well diffusion method, phenotypic, molecular, and imaging approaches. The plant extracts induced a slight inhibition of fungal growth of an aggressive strain of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which causes anthracnose. Organic compounds such as cinnamic, ellagic, quinic, and fulvic acids and indole alkaloid such as ellipticine, along with some minerals such as potassium, calcium, and phosphorus, may be responsible for the inhibition of fungal growth. In addition, jasmonic, benzoic, and salicylic acids, which are known to play a role in plant defense and as biostimulants in tomato, were detected in leachate extract. Indeed, foliar application of banana leachate induced overexpression of LOXD, PPOD, and Worky70-80 genes, which are involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism, jasmonic acid biosynthesis, and salicylic acid metabolism, respectively. Leachate also activated root growth in tomato seedlings. However, the main impact of the leachate was observed on mature plants, where it caused a reduction in leaf area and fresh weight, the remodeling of stem cell wall glycopolymers, and an increase in the expression of proline dehydrogenase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Boulogne
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, GlycoMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, IRIB, GDR CNRS Chemobiologie, RMT BESTIM, F-76000 Rouen, France; (I.B.); (G.D.); (C.M.-N.); (Q.A.); (C.P.); (J.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Philippe Petit
- Université des Antilles, UMR ISYEB-MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université-EPHE, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus de Fouillole, F-97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France;
| | | | - Gaëlle Durambur
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, GlycoMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, IRIB, GDR CNRS Chemobiologie, RMT BESTIM, F-76000 Rouen, France; (I.B.); (G.D.); (C.M.-N.); (Q.A.); (C.P.); (J.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Catherine Deborde
- INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, BIBS Facility, F-44300 Nantes, France;
- INRAE, UR1268 BIA Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages F-44300 Nantes, France
| | - Cathleen Mirande-Ney
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, GlycoMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, IRIB, GDR CNRS Chemobiologie, RMT BESTIM, F-76000 Rouen, France; (I.B.); (G.D.); (C.M.-N.); (Q.A.); (C.P.); (J.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Quentin Arnaudin
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, GlycoMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, IRIB, GDR CNRS Chemobiologie, RMT BESTIM, F-76000 Rouen, France; (I.B.); (G.D.); (C.M.-N.); (Q.A.); (C.P.); (J.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Carole Plasson
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, GlycoMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, IRIB, GDR CNRS Chemobiologie, RMT BESTIM, F-76000 Rouen, France; (I.B.); (G.D.); (C.M.-N.); (Q.A.); (C.P.); (J.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Julie Grivotte
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, GlycoMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, IRIB, GDR CNRS Chemobiologie, RMT BESTIM, F-76000 Rouen, France; (I.B.); (G.D.); (C.M.-N.); (Q.A.); (C.P.); (J.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Christophe Chamot
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US 51 UAR 2026, PRIMACEN, F-76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, GlycoMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, IRIB, GDR CNRS Chemobiologie, RMT BESTIM, F-76000 Rouen, France; (I.B.); (G.D.); (C.M.-N.); (Q.A.); (C.P.); (J.G.); (S.B.)
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US 51 UAR 2026, PRIMACEN, F-76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Gladys Loranger-Merciris
- Université des Antilles, UMR ISYEB-MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université-EPHE, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus de Fouillole, F-97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bonfanti A, Smithers ET, Bourdon M, Guyon A, Carella P, Carter R, Wightman R, Schornack S, Jönsson H, Robinson S. Stiffness transitions in new walls post-cell division differ between Marchantia polymorpha gemmae and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302985120. [PMID: 37782806 PMCID: PMC10576037 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302985120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant morphogenesis is governed by the mechanics of the cell wall-a stiff and thin polymeric box that encloses the cells. The cell wall is a highly dynamic composite material. New cell walls are added during cell division. As the cells continue to grow, the properties of cell walls are modulated to undergo significant changes in shape and size without breakage. Spatial and temporal variations in cell wall mechanical properties have been observed. However, how they relate to cell division remains an outstanding question. Here, we combine time-lapse imaging with local mechanical measurements via atomic force microscopy to systematically map the cell wall's age and growth, with their stiffness. We make use of two systems, Marchantia polymorpha gemmae, and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. We first characterize the growth and cell division of M. polymorpha gemmae. We then demonstrate that cell division in M. polymorpha gemmae results in the generation of a temporary stiffer and slower-growing new wall. In contrast, this transient phenomenon is absent in A. thaliana leaves. We provide evidence that this different temporal behavior has a direct impact on the local cell geometry via changes in the junction angle. These results are expected to pave the way for developing more realistic plant morphogenetic models and to advance the study into the impact of cell division on tissue growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bonfanti
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan20133, Italy
| | | | - Matthieu Bourdon
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Guyon
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Carella
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, NorwichNR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Carter
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond Wightman
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | | | - Henrik Jönsson
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0WA, United Kingdom
- Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Computational Biology and Biological Physics, Lund University, Lund223 62, Sweden
| | - Sarah Robinson
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tsyganova AV, Seliverstova EV, Tsyganov VE. Comparison of the Formation of Plant-Microbial Interface in Pisum sativum L. and Medicago truncatula Gaertn. Nitrogen-Fixing Nodules. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13850. [PMID: 37762151 PMCID: PMC10531038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Different components of the symbiotic interface play an important role in providing positional information during rhizobial infection and nodule development: successive changes in cell morphology correspond to subsequent changes in the molecular architecture of the apoplast and the associated surface structures. The localisation and distribution of pectins, xyloglucans, and cell wall proteins in symbiotic nodules of Pisum sativum and Medicago truncatula were studied using immunofluorescence and immunogold analysis in wild-type and ineffective mutant nodules. As a result, the ontogenetic changes in the symbiotic interface in the nodules of both species were described. Some differences in the patterns of distribution of cell wall polysaccharides and proteins between wild-type and mutant nodules can be explained by the activation of defence reaction or premature senescence in mutants. The absence of fucosylated xyloglucan in the cell walls in the P. sativum nodules, as well as its predominant accumulation in the cell walls of uninfected cells in the M. truncatula nodules, and the presence of the rhamnogalacturonan I (unbranched) backbone in meristematic cells in P. sativum can be attributed to the most striking species-specific features of the symbiotic interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Tsyganova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.V.S.); (V.E.T.)
| | - Elena V. Seliverstova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.V.S.); (V.E.T.)
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Viktor E. Tsyganov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.V.S.); (V.E.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Grimm E, Peters M, Kaltenbach J, Zhang C, Knoche M. Growth strains cause vascular browning and cavities in ´Nicoter´ apples. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289013. [PMID: 37471438 PMCID: PMC10359005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
'Nicoter' apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) occasionally develop a disorder referred to as vascular browning. Symptomatic fruit are perceived as being of low quality. The objective was to identify the mechanistic basis of this disorder. The frequency of symptomatic 'Nicoter' apples differed between growing sites and increased with delayed harvest. Typical symptoms are tissue browning and cavities in the ray parenchyma of the calyx region, and occasionally also of the stem end. Cavity size is positively correlated with the extent of tissue browning. Cavities were oriented radially in the direction of the bisecting line between the radii connecting the calyx/pedicel axis to the sepal and petal bundles. Microscopy revealed cell wall fragments in the cavities indicating physical rupture of cell walls. Immunolabelling of cell wall epitopes offered no evidence for separation of cells along cell walls. The growth pattern in 'Nicoter' is similar to that in its parents 'Gala' and 'Braeburn'. Allometric analyses revealed no differences in growth in fruit length among the three cultivars. However, the allometric analyses of growth in diameter revealed a marked increase in the distance between the surface of the calyx cavity and the vascular bundle in 'Nicoter', that was absent in 'Braeburn' and 'Gala'. This increase displaced the petal bundles in the ray parenchyma outwards and subjected the tissue between the petal and sepal bundles to tangential strain. Rupture of cells results in tissue browning and cavity formation. A timely harvest is a practicable countermeasure for decreasing the incidence of vascular browning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard Grimm
- Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Abteilung Obstbau, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Merle Peters
- Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Abteilung Obstbau, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julian Kaltenbach
- Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Abteilung Obstbau, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chu Zhang
- Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Abteilung Obstbau, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Moritz Knoche
- Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Abteilung Obstbau, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pfeifer L, Mueller KK, Utermöhlen J, Erdt F, Zehge JBJ, Schubert H, Classen B. The cell walls of different Chara species are characterized by branched galactans rich in 3-O-methylgalactose and absence of AGPs. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13989. [PMID: 37616003 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Streptophyte algae are the closest relatives to land plants; their latest common ancestor performed the most drastic adaptation in plant evolution around 500 million years ago: the conquest of land. Besides other adaptations, this step required changes in cell wall composition. Current knowledge on the cell walls of streptophyte algae and especially on the presence of arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), important signalling molecules in all land plants, is limited. To get deeper insights into the cell walls of streptophyte algae, especially in Charophyceae, we performed sequential cell wall extractions of four Chara species. The three species Chara globularis, Chara subspinosa and Chara tomentosa revealed comparable cell wall compositions, with pectins, xylans and xyloglucans, whereas Chara aspera stood out with higher amounts of uronic acids in the pectic fractions and lack of reactivity with antibodies binding to xylan- and xyloglucan epitopes. Search for AGPs in the four Chara species and in Nitellopsis obtusa revealed the presence of galactans with pyranosidic galactose in 1,3-, 1,6- and 1,3,6-linkage, which are typical galactan motifs in land plant AGPs. A unique feature of these branched galactans was high portions of 3-O-methylgalactose. Only Nitellopsis contained substantial amounts of arabinose A bioinformatic search for prolyl-4-hydroxylases, involved in the biosynthesis of AGPs, revealed one possible functional sequence in the genome of Chara braunii, but no hydroxyproline could be detected in the four Chara species or in Nitellopsis obtusa. We conclude that AGPs that is typical for land plants are absent, at least in these members of the Charophyceae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pfeifer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kim-Kristine Mueller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jon Utermöhlen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Felicitas Erdt
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jean Bastian Just Zehge
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schubert
- Aquatic Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Birgit Classen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mueller KK, Pfeifer L, Schuldt L, Szövényi P, de Vries S, de Vries J, Johnson KL, Classen B. Fern cell walls and the evolution of arabinogalactan proteins in streptophytes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:875-894. [PMID: 36891885 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Significant changes have occurred in plant cell wall composition during evolution and diversification of tracheophytes. As the sister lineage to seed plants, knowledge on the cell wall of ferns is key to track evolutionary changes across tracheophytes and to understand seed plant-specific evolutionary innovations. Fern cell wall composition is not fully understood, including limited knowledge of glycoproteins such as the fern arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). Here, we characterize the AGPs from the leptosporangiate fern genera Azolla, Salvinia, and Ceratopteris. The carbohydrate moiety of seed plant AGPs consists of a galactan backbone including mainly 1,3- and 1,3,6-linked pyranosidic galactose, which is conserved across the investigated fern AGPs. Yet, unlike AGPs of angiosperms, those of ferns contained the unusual sugar 3-O-methylrhamnose. Besides terminal furanosidic arabinose, Ara (Araf), the main linkage type of Araf in the ferns was 1,2-linked Araf, whereas in seed plants 1,5-linked Araf is often dominating. Antibodies directed against carbohydrate epitopes of AGPs supported the structural differences between AGPs of ferns and seed plants. Comparison of AGP linkage types across the streptophyte lineage showed that angiosperms have rather conserved monosaccharide linkage types; by contrast bryophytes, ferns, and gymnosperms showed more variability. Phylogenetic analyses of glycosyltransferases involved in AGP biosynthesis and bioinformatic search for AGP protein backbones revealed a versatile genetic toolkit for AGP complexity in ferns. Our data reveal important differences across AGP diversity of which the functional significance is unknown. This diversity sheds light on the evolution of the hallmark feature of tracheophytes: their elaborate cell walls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Kristine Mueller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lina Schuldt
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Péter Szövényi
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstr. 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center (PSC), ETH Zürich, Tannenstrasse 1, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Goldschmidtsr. 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), University of Goettingen, Goldschmidstr. 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kim L Johnson
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Birgit Classen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Overexpression of Physcomitrium patens cell cycle regulators leads to larger gametophytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4301. [PMID: 36922580 PMCID: PMC10017697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell division is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms, and in plants, this is in part regulated by the D-type cyclins (CYCD) and cyclin-dependent kinase A (CDKA) complex. Cell division regulation in Physcomitrium differs from other plants, by having cell division checks at both the G1 to S and G2 to M transition, controlled by the CYCD1/CDKA2 and CYCD2/CDKA1 complexes, respectively. This led us to hypothesize that upregulation of cell division could be archived in Bryophytes, without the devastating phenotypes observed in Arabidopsis. Overexpressing lines of PpCYCD1, PpCYCD2, PpCDKA1, or PpCDKA2 under Ubiquitin promotor control provided transcriptomic and phenotypical data that confirmed their involvement in the G1 to S or G2 to M transition control. Interestingly, combinatorial overexpression of all four genes produced plants with dominant PpCDKA2 and PpCYCD1 phenotypes and led to plants with twice as large gametophores. No detrimental phenotypes were observed in this line and two of the major carbon sinks in plants, the cell wall and starch, were unaffected by the increased growth rate. These results show that the cell cycle characteristics of P. patens can be manipulated by the ectopic expression of cell cycle regulators.
Collapse
|
15
|
CiXTH29 and CiLEA4 Role in Water Stress Tolerance in Cichorium intybus Varieties. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030444. [PMID: 36979136 PMCID: PMC10045840 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Drought causes massive crop quality and yield losses. Limiting the adverse effects of water deficits on crop yield is an urgent goal for a more sustainable agriculture. With this aim, six chicory varieties were subjected to drought conditions during seed germination and at the six week-old plant growth stage, in order to identify some morphological and/or molecular markers of drought resistance. Selvatica, Zuccherina di Trieste and Galatina varieties, with a high vegetative development, showed a major germination index, greater seedling development (6 days of growth) and a greater dehydration resistance (6 weeks of growth plus 10 days without water) than the other ones (Brindisina, Esportazione and Rossa Italiana). Due to the reported involvement, in the abiotic stress response, of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) and late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) multigene families, XTH29 and LEA4 expression profiles were investigated under stress conditions for all analyzed chicory varieties. We showed evidence that chicory varieties with high CiXTH29 and CiLEA4 basal expression and vegetative development levels better tolerate drought stress conditions than varieties that show overexpression of the two genes only in response to drought. Other specific morphological traits characterized almost all chicory varieties during dehydration, i.e., the appearance of lysigen cavities and a general increase of the amount of xyloglucans in the cell walls of bundle xylem vessels. Our results highlighted that high CiXTH29 and CiLEA4 basal expression, associated with a high level of vegetative growth, is a potential marker for drought stress tolerance.
Collapse
|
16
|
Busont O, Durambur G, Bernard S, Plasson C, Joudiou C, Baude L, Chefdor F, Depierreux C, Héricourt F, Larcher M, Malik S, Boulogne I, Driouich A, Carpin S, Lamblin F. Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.) Root Extracellular Trap, Structural and Molecular Remodeling in Response to Osmotic Stress. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060858. [PMID: 36980198 PMCID: PMC10047092 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The root extracellular trap (RET) consists of root-associated, cap-derived cells (root AC-DCs) and their mucilaginous secretions, and forms a structure around the root tip that protects against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there is little information concerning the changes undergone by the RET during droughts, especially for tree species. Morphological and immunocytochemical approaches were used to study the RET of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) seedlings grown in vitro under optimal conditions (on agar-gelled medium) or when polyethylene glycol-mediated (PEG6000—infused agar-gelled medium) was used to mimic drought conditions through osmotic stress. Under optimal conditions, the root cap released three populations of individual AC-DC morphotypes, with a very low proportion of spherical morphotypes, and equivalent proportions of intermediate and elongated morphotypes. Immunolabeling experiments using anti-glycan antibodies specific to cell wall polysaccharide and arabinogalactan protein (AGP) epitopes revealed the presence of homogalacturonan (HG), galactan chains of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), and AGPs in root AC-DC cell walls. The data also showed the presence of xylogalacturonan (XGA), xylan, AGPs, and low levels of arabinans in the mucilage. The findings also showed that under osmotic stress conditions, both the number of AC-DCs (spherical and intermediate morphotypes) and the total quantity of mucilage per root tip increased, whereas the mucilage was devoid of the epitopes associated with the polysaccharides RG-I, XGA, xylan, and AGPs. Osmotic stress also led to reduced root growth and increased root expression of the P5CS2 gene, which is involved in proline biosynthesis and cellular osmolarity maintenance (or preservation) in aerial parts. Together, our findings show that the RET is a dynamic structure that undergoes pronounced structural and molecular remodeling, which might contribute to the survival of the root tip under osmotic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Océane Busont
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Gaëlle Durambur
- GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, University of Rouen Normandie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Bernard
- GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, University of Rouen Normandie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
- INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US 51 UAR 2026, PRIMACEN, University of Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Carole Plasson
- GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, University of Rouen Normandie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Camille Joudiou
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Laura Baude
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Chefdor
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Christiane Depierreux
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - François Héricourt
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Mélanie Larcher
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Sonia Malik
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Isabelle Boulogne
- GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, University of Rouen Normandie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, University of Rouen Normandie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sabine Carpin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Frédéric Lamblin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-3841-7127
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mokshina N, Panina A, Galinousky D, Sautkina O, Mikshina P. Transcriptome profiling of celery petiole tissues reveals peculiarities of the collenchyma cell wall formation. PLANTA 2022; 257:18. [PMID: 36538078 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome and biochemical analyses are applied to individual plant cell types to reveal potential players involved in the molecular machinery of cell wall formation in specialized cells such as collenchyma. Plant collenchyma is a mechanical tissue characterized by an irregular, thickened cell wall and the ability to support cell elongation. The composition of the collenchyma cell wall resembles that of the primary cell wall and includes cellulose, xyloglucan, and pectin; lignin is absent. Thus, the processes associated with the formation of the primary cell wall in the collenchyma can be more pronounced compared to other tissues due to its thickening. Primary cell walls intrinsic to different tissues may differ in structure and composition, which should be reflected at the transcriptomic level. For the first time, we conducted transcriptome profiling of collenchyma strands isolated from young celery petioles and compared them with other tissues, such as parenchyma and vascular bundles. Genes encoding proteins involved in the primary cell wall formation during cell elongation, such as xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases, expansins, and leucine-rich repeat proteins, were significantly activated in the collenchyma. As the key players in the transcriptome orchestra of collenchyma, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase transcripts were characterized in more detail, including phylogeny and expression patterns. The comprehensive approach that included transcriptome and biochemical analyses allowed us to reveal peculiarities of collenchyma cell wall formation and modification, matching the abundance of upregulated transcripts and their potential substrates for revealed gene products. As a result, specific isoforms of multigene families were determined for further functional investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mokshina
- Laboratory of Plant Glycobiology, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Anastasia Panina
- Laboratory of Plant Glycobiology, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Dmitry Galinousky
- Laboratory of Plant Glycobiology, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576, CNRS, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Olga Sautkina
- Laboratory of Plant Glycobiology, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Polina Mikshina
- Laboratory of Plant Glycobiology, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ruprecht C, Blaukopf M, Pfrengle F. Synthetic fragments of plant polysaccharides as tools for cell wall biology. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 71:102208. [PMID: 36108403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A sustainable bioeconomy that includes increased agricultural productivity and new technologies to convert renewable biomass to value-added products may help meet the demands of a growing world population for food, energy and materials. The potential use of plant biomass is determined by the properties of the cell walls, consisting of polysaccharides, proteins, and the polyphenolic polymer lignin. Comprehensive knowledge of cell wall glycan structure and biosynthesis is therefore essential for optimal utilization. However, several areas of plant cell wall research are hampered by a lack of available pure oligosaccharide samples that represent structural features of cell wall glycans. Here, we provide an update on recent chemical syntheses of plant cell wall oligosaccharides and their application in characterizing plant cell wall-directed antibodies and carbohydrate-active enzymes including glycosyltransferases and glycosyl hydrolases, with a particular focus on glycan array technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Ruprecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Blaukopf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pappas D, Giannoutsou E, Panteris E, Gkelis S, Adamakis IDS. Microcystin-LR and cyanobacterial extracts alter the distribution of cell wall matrix components in rice root cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 191:78-88. [PMID: 36195035 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial toxins (known as cyanotoxins) disrupt the plant cytoskeleton (i.e. microtubules and F-actin), which is implicated in the regulation of cell wall architecture. Therefore, cyanotoxins are also expected to affect cell wall structure and composition. However, the effects of cyanobacterial toxicity on plant cell wall have not been yet thoroughly studied. Accordingly, the alterations of cell wall matrix after treatments with pure microcystin-LR (MC-LR), or cell extracts of one MC-producing and one non-MC-producing Microcystis strain were studied in differentiated Oryza sativa (rice) root cells. Semi-thin transverse sections of variously treated LR-White-embedded roots underwent immunostaining for various cell wall epitopes, including homogalacturonans (HGs), arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), and hemicelluloses. Homogalacturonan and arabinan distribution patterns were altered in the affected roots, while a pectin methylesterase (PME) activity assay revealed that PMEs were also affected. Elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels, along with increased callose and mixed linkage glucans (MLGs) deposition, were also observed after treatment. Xyloglucans appeared unaffected and lignification was not observed. The exact mechanism of cyanobacterial toxicity against the cell wall is to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Pappas
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 541 24, Greece
| | - Eleni Giannoutsou
- Section of Botany, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 157 84, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 541 24, Greece
| | - Spyros Gkelis
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 541 24, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Herburger K, Schoenaers S, Vissenberg K, Mravec J. Shank-localized cell wall growth contributes to Arabidopsis root hair elongation. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:1222-1232. [PMID: 36303011 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are highly elongated tubular extensions of root epidermal cells with a plethora of physiological functions, particularly in establishing the root-rhizosphere interface. Anisotropic expansion of root hairs is generally thought to be exclusively mediated by tip growth-a highly controlled apically localized secretion of cell wall material-enriched vesicles that drives the extension of the apical dome. Here we show that tip growth is not the only mode of root hair elongation. We identified events of substantial shank-localized cell wall expansion along the polar growth axis of Arabidopsis root hairs using morphometric analysis with quantum dots. These regions expanded after in vivo immunolocalization using cell wall-directed antibodies and appeared as distinct bands that were devoid of cell wall labelling. Application of a novel click chemistry-enabled galactose analogue for pulse chase and real-time imaging allowed us to label xyloglucan, a major root hair glycan, and demonstrate its de novo deposition and enzymatic remodelling in these shank regions. Our data reveal a previously unknown aspect of root hair growth in which both tip- and shank-localized dynamic cell wall deposition and remodelling contribute to root hair elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Herburger
- Section for Plant Glycobiology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Sébastjen Schoenaers
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Section for Plant Glycobiology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Galloway AF, Akhtar J, Burak E, Marcus SE, Field KJ, Dodd IC, Knox P. Altered properties and structures of root exudate polysaccharides in a root hairless mutant of barley. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1214-1227. [PMID: 35876808 PMCID: PMC9516773 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Root exudates and rhizosheaths of attached soil are important features of growing roots. To elucidate factors involved in rhizosheath formation, wild-type (WT) barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Pallas) and a root hairless mutant, bald root barley (brb), were investigated with a combination of physiological, biochemical, and immunochemical assays. When grown in soil, WT barley roots bound ∼5-fold more soil than brb per unit root length. High molecular weight (HMW) polysaccharide exudates of brb roots had less soil-binding capacity than those of WT root exudates. Carbohydrate and glycan monoclonal antibody analyses of HMW polysaccharide exudates indicated differing glycan profiles. Relative to WT plants, root exudates of brb had reduced signals for arabinogalactan-protein (AGP), extensin, and heteroxylan epitopes. In contrast, the root exudate of 2-week-old brb plants contained ∼25-fold more detectable xyloglucan epitope relative to WT. Root system immunoprints confirmed the higher levels of release of the xyloglucan epitope from brb root apices and root axes relative to WT. Epitope detection with anion-exchange chromatography indicated that the increased detection of xyloglucan in brb exudates was due to enhanced abundance of a neutral polymer. Conversely, brb root exudates contained decreased amounts of an acidic polymer, with soil-binding properties, containing the xyloglucan epitope and glycoprotein and heteroxylan epitopes relative to WT. We, therefore, propose that, in addition to physically structuring soil particles, root hairs facilitate rhizosheath formation by releasing a soil-binding polysaccharide complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Galloway
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jumana Akhtar
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Emma Burak
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Susan E Marcus
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Katie J Field
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ian C Dodd
- Author for correspondence: (I.C.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Paul Knox
- Author for correspondence: (I.C.D.); (P.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nikiforova AV, Golovchenko VV, Mikshina PV, Patova OA, Gorshkova TA, Bovin NV, Shilova NV. Plant Polysaccharide Array for Studying Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:890-902. [PMID: 36180984 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922090036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The specificity of the most plant carbohydrate-binding proteins (CBP), many of which are known only through bioinformatic analysis of the genome, has either not been studied at all or characterized to a limited extent. The task of deciphering the carbohydrate specificity of the proteins can be solved using glycoarrays composed of many tens or even hundreds of glycans immobilized on a glass surface. Plant carbohydrates are the most significant natural ligands for plant proteins; this work shows that plant polysaccharides without additional modification can be immobilized on the surface, bearing N-hydroxysuccinimide activated carboxyl groups. As a result, an array of 113 well-characterized polysaccharides isolated from various plant cell walls, 23 mono- and oligosaccharides - components of polysaccharides, and glycans - ligands for widely known plant lectins was designed. Upon chemical immobilization of polysaccharides, their functional activity was preserved, which was confirmed by the results of interaction with antibodies and the plant lectin ricin. Using the constructed array, a previously unknown ability of ricin to bind polysaccharides was found, which significantly expands the knowledge of its specificity, and it was also found that a large variety of antibodies to plant polysaccharides are present in human peripheral blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Nikiforova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Victoria V Golovchenko
- Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
| | - Polina V Mikshina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of FRC Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Olga A Patova
- Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
| | - Tatyana A Gorshkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of FRC Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Shilova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Munekata N, Tsuyama T, Kamei I, Kijidani Y, Takabe K. Deposition patterns of feruloylarabinoxylan during cell wall formation in moso bamboo. PLANTA 2022; 256:59. [PMID: 35984573 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The feruloylarabinoxylan deposition was initiated at the formation of the secondary cell wall, especially S2 layer in moso bamboo, which may affect crosslinking between cell wall components and plant growth. Hemicelluloses, major components of plant cell walls that are hydrogen bonded to cellulose and covalently bound to lignin, are crucial determinants of cell wall properties. Especially in commelinid monocotyledons, arabinoxylan is often esterified with ferulic acid, which is essential to crosslinking with cell wall components. However, the deposition patterns and localization of ferulic acid during cell wall formation remain unclear. In this study, developing moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) culms were used to elucidate deposition patterns of hemicelluloses including feruloylarabinoxylan. Ferulic acid content peaked with cessation of elongation growth, and thereafter decreased and remained stable as culm development proceeded. During primary cell wall (PCW) formation, xyloglucan and (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan signals were detected in all tissues. Along with culm development, arabinoxylan and feruloylarabinoxylan signals were sequentially observed in the protoxylem, vascular fibers and metaxylem, and parenchyma. Feruloylarabinoxylan signals were observed slightly later than arabinoxylan signals. Arabinoxylan signals were observed throughout the compound middle lamella and secondary cell wall (SCW), whereas the feruloylarabinoxylan signal was localized to the S2 layer of the SCW. These results indicate that the biosynthesis of hemicelluloses is regulated in accordance with cell wall layers. Feruloylarabinoxylan deposition may be initiated at the formation of SCW, especially S2 layer formation. Ferulic acid-mediated linkages of arabinoxylan-arabinoxylan and arabinoxylan-lignin would arise during SCW formation with the cessation of elongation growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Munekata
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Taku Tsuyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Kamei
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kijidani
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Keiji Takabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pfeifer L, Mueller KK, Classen B. The cell wall of hornworts and liverworts: innovations in early land plant evolution? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4454-4472. [PMID: 35470398 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An important step for plant diversification was the transition from freshwater to terrestrial habitats. The bryophytes and all vascular plants share a common ancestor that was probably the first to adapt to life on land. A polysaccharide-rich cell wall was necessary to cope with newly faced environmental conditions. Therefore, some pre-requisites for terrestrial life have to be shared in the lineages of modern bryophytes and vascular plants. This review focuses on hornwort and liverwort cell walls and aims to provide an overview on shared and divergent polysaccharide features between these two groups of bryophytes and vascular plants. Analytical, immunocytochemical, and bioinformatic data were analysed. The major classes of polysaccharides-cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins-seem to be present but have diversified structurally during evolution. Some polysaccharide groups show structural characteristics which separate hornworts from the other bryophytes or are too poorly studied in detail to be able to draw absolute conclusions. Hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein backbones are found in hornworts and liverworts, and show differences in, for example, the occurrence of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored arabinogalactan-proteins, while glycosylation is practically unstudied. Overall, the data are an appeal to researchers in the field to gain more knowledge on cell wall structures in order to understand the changes with regard to bryophyte evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pfeifer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kim-Kristine Mueller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Birgit Classen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hu W, Cheng H, Wu D, Chen J, Ye X, Chen S. Enhanced extraction assisted by pressure and ultrasound for targeting RG-I enriched pectin from citrus peel wastes: A mechanistic study. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
26
|
Commercial Yeast Strains Expressing Polygalacturonase and Glucanase Unravel the Cell Walls of Chardonnay Grape Pomace. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050664. [PMID: 35625392 PMCID: PMC9137979 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Grape skins, usually discarded during wine making, are a valuable source of cellulose (20–50%), hemicelluloses (15–20%), lignin (17–30%) and other compounds, e.g., polyphenols, which can be used as biomaterials in the manufacturing of a variety of new products, such as bioethanol or pharmaceutical products. However, to obtain these biomaterials, the complex polysaccharides of the grape cell walls must be broken down into smaller molecules to allow the extraction of compounds. The degradation process is often performed enzymatically or hydrothermally. Microorganisms that produce the required enzymes while using this waste product as a growth medium can have interesting economic advantages. Here, we created two genetically engineered wine yeast strains that produce grape cell wall degrading enzymes. These yeasts, when grown on grape pomace, induced enzymatic structural changes to the grape cell walls. A collection of antibodies binding to the different cell wall molecules were used to monitor the impact on the cell wall structure of the enzymes, confirming increased extractability of key cell wall polymers when relatively low levels of enzymes are present, illustrating the potential to develop and optimise yeast for grape waste valorisation applications. Abstract Industrial wine yeast strains expressing hydrolytic enzymes were fermented on Chardonnay pomace and were shown to unravel the cell walls of the berry tissues according to the enzyme activities. The yeasts produced a native endo-polygalacturonase (Saccharomyces cerevisiae × Saccharomyces paradoxus hybrid, named PR7) and/or a recombinant endo-glucanase (S. cerevisiae strains named VIN13 END1 and PR7 END1). The impact of the enzymes during the fermentations was evaluated by directly studying the cell wall changes in the berry tissues using a Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling technique. By the end of the fermentation, the endo-glucanase did not substantially modify the berry tissue cell walls, whereas the endo-polygalacturonase removed some homogalacturonan. The recombinant yeast strain producing both enzymes (PR7 END1) unravelled the cell walls more fully, enabling polymers, such as rhamnogalacturonan-I, β-1,4-D-galactan and α-1,5-L-arabinan, as well as cell wall proteins to be extracted in a pectin solvent. This enzyme synergism led to the enrichment of rhamnogalacturonan-type polymers in the subsequent NaOH fractions. This study illustrated the potential utilisation of a recombinant yeast in pomace valorisation processes and simulated consolidated bioprocessing. Furthermore, the cell wall profiling techniques were confirmed as valuable tools to evaluate and optimise enzyme producing yeasts for grape and plant cell wall degradation.
Collapse
|
27
|
Petrova A, Sibgatullina G, Gorshkova T, Kozlova L. Dynamics of cell wall polysaccharides during the elongation growth of rye primary roots. PLANTA 2022; 255:108. [PMID: 35449484 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In cells of growing rye roots, xyloglucans and homogalacturonans demonstrate developmental stage specificity, while different xylans have tissue specificity. Mannans, arabinans and galactans are also detected within the protoplast. Mannans form films on sections of fresh material. The primary cell walls of plants represent supramolecular exocellular structures that are mainly composed of polysaccharides. Cell wall properties and architecture differ between species and across tissues within a species. We revised the distribution of cell wall polysaccharides and their dynamics during elongation growth and histogenesis in rye roots using nonfixed material and the spectrum of antibodies. Rye is a member of the Poaceae family and thus has so-called type II primary cell walls, which are supposed to be low in pectins and xyloglucans and instead have arabinoxylans and mixed-linkage glucans. However, rye cell walls at the earliest stages of cell development were enriched with the epitopes of xyloglucans and homogalacturonans. Mixed-linkage glucan, which is often considered an elongation growth-specific polysaccharide in plants with type II cell walls, did not display such dynamics in rye roots. The cessation of elongation growth and even the emergence of root hairs were not accompanied by the disappearance of mixed-linkage glucans from cell walls. The diversity of xylan motifs recognized by different antibodies was minimal in the meristem zone of rye roots, but this diversity increased and showed tissue specificity during root growth. Antibodies specific for xyloglucans, galactans, arabinans and mannans bound the cell content. When rye root cells were cut, the epitopes of xyloglucans, galactans and arabinans remained within the cell content, while mannans developed net-like or film-like structures on the surface of sections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Petrova
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Gusel Sibgatullina
- The Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatyana Gorshkova
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Liudmila Kozlova
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Salmeán AA, Willats WGT, Ribeiro S, Andersen TJ, Ellegaard M. Over 100-Year Preservation and Temporal Fluctuations of Cell Wall Polysaccharides in Marine Sediments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:785902. [PMID: 35519816 PMCID: PMC9062592 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.785902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides constitute an important carbon pool in marine systems, but much is still unknown about the fate and degradation of these compounds. They are derived partly from production in situ, and in coastal areas, they are partly terrestrially derived, originating from freshwater runoff from land. The aim of this study was to test the applicability of high-throughput polysaccharide profiling for plant and algal cell-wall compounds in dated sediment cores from a coastal marine environment, to examine the preservation of cell-wall polysaccharides and explore their potential as proxies for temporal environmental changes. Preserved compounds and remains of organisms are routinely used as paleoenvironmental proxies as the amount and composition of different compounds that can provide insight into past environmental conditions, and novel means for reporting environmental changes are highly sought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armando A. Salmeán
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William George Tycho Willats
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Ribeiro
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorbjørn Joest Andersen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Ellegaard
- Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ruprecht C, Pfrengle F. Synthetic Plant Glycan Microarrays as Tools for Plant Biology. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2460:115-125. [PMID: 34972933 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2148-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemically synthesized plant oligosaccharides have recently evolved as powerful molecular tools for plant cell wall biology. Synthetic plant glycan microarrays equipped with these oligosaccharides enable high-throughput analyses of glycan-binding proteins and carbohydrate-active enzymes. To produce these glycan microarrays, small amounts of glycan solution are printed on suitable surfaces for covalent or non-covalent immobilization. Synthetic plant glycan microarrays have been used for example to map the epitopes of plant cell wall-directed antibodies, to characterize glycosyl hydrolases and glycosyl transferases, and to analyze lectin binding. In this chapter, detailed experimental procedures for the production of synthetic glycan microarrays and their use for the characterization of cell wall glycan-directed antibodies are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Ruprecht
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Manosonication assisted extraction and characterization of pectin from different citrus peel wastes. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
31
|
Wei Q, Yang Y, Li H, Liu Z, Fu R, Feng H, Li C. The xyloglucan galactosylation modulates the cell wall stability of pollen tube. PLANTA 2021; 254:133. [PMID: 34821984 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A pollen specific homolog to a xyloglucan galactosyltransferase regulates cell wall stability and therefore pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis. In angiosperms, pollen tubes grow through the transmitting tract to deliver the sperm cells to the ovule for fertilization. Fast growing pollen tubes coordinate the synthesis, secretion and assembly of cell wall components to maintain the mechanical properties of the cell wall. Xyloglucan, the major hemicellulosic polysaccharide in the primary cell wall, tethers cellulose to form the complexed cell wall network through its side chain modifications. How the side chain modifications of the xyloglucan regulate the pollen tube cell wall strength and growth remains elusive. Here we found that AtGT11, a MUR3 xyloglucan galactosyltransferase homolog highly expressed in pollen regulated the cell wall stability of pollen tubes. Genetic analysis of the gt11 and the xylosyltransferase 1/2 mutant indicated that the xylosylation of XyG side chains played dominant role while galactosylation of the XyG side chains finely modified the cell wall mechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Wei
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Rong Fu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hanqian Feng
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Majda M, Kozlova L, Banasiak A, Derba-Maceluch M, Iashchishyn IA, Morozova-Roche LA, Smith RS, Gorshkova T, Mellerowicz EJ. Elongation of wood fibers combines features of diffuse and tip growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:673-691. [PMID: 33993523 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Xylem fibers are highly elongated cells that are key constituents of wood, play major physiological roles in plants, comprise an important terrestrial carbon reservoir, and thus have enormous ecological and economic importance. As they develop, from fusiform initials, their bodies remain the same length while their tips elongate and intrude into intercellular spaces. To elucidate mechanisms of tip elongation, we studied the cell wall along the length of isolated, elongating aspen xylem fibers and used computer simulations to predict the forces driving the intercellular space formation required for their growth. We found pectin matrix epitopes (JIM5, LM7) concentrated at the tips where cellulose microfibrils have transverse orientation, and xyloglucan epitopes (CCRC-M89, CCRC-M58) in fiber bodies where microfibrils are disordered. These features are accompanied by changes in cell wall thickness, indicating that while the cell wall elongates strictly at the tips, it is deposited all over fibers. Computer modeling revealed that the intercellular space formation needed for intrusive growth may only require targeted release of cell adhesion, which allows turgor pressure in neighboring fiber cells to 'round' the cells creating spaces. These characteristics show that xylem fibers' elongation involves a distinct mechanism that combines features of both diffuse and tip growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Majda
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Liudmila Kozlova
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Alicja Banasiak
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, Wrocław, 50-328, Poland
| | - Marta Derba-Maceluch
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
| | - Igor A Iashchishyn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | | | - Richard S Smith
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Tatyana Gorshkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Ewa J Mellerowicz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Głazowska S, Mravec J. An aptamer highly specific to cellulose enables the analysis of the association of cellulose with matrix cell wall polymers in vitro and in muro. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:579-599. [PMID: 34314513 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current toolbox of cell wall-directed molecular probes has been pivotal for advancing basic and application-oriented plant carbohydrate research; however, it still exhibits limitations regarding target diversity and specificity. Scarcity of probes targeting intramolecular associations between cell wall polymers particularly hinders our understanding of the cell wall microstructure and affects the development of effective means for its efficient deconstruction for bioconversion. Here we report a detailed characterization of a cellulose-binding DNA aptamer CELAPT MINI using a combination of various in vitro biochemical, biophysical, and molecular biology techniques. Our results show evidence for its high specificity towards long non-substituted β-(1-4)-glucan chains in both crystalline and amorphous forms. Fluorescent conjugates of CELAPT MINI are applicable as in situ cellulose probes and are well suited for various microscopy techniques, including super-resolution imaging. Compatibility of fluorescent CELAPT MINI variants with immunodetection of cell wall matrix polymers enabled them simultaneously to resolve the fibrillar organization of complex cellulose-enriched pulp material and to quantify the level of cellulose masking by xyloglucan and xylan. Using enzymatically, chemically, or genetically modulated Brachypodium internode sections we showed the diversity in cell wall packing among various cell types and even cell wall microdomains. We showed that xylan is the most prominent, but not the only, cellulose-masking agent in Brachypodium internode tissues. These results collectively highlight the hitherto unexplored potential to expand the cell wall probing toolbox with highly specific and versatile in vitro generated polynucleotide probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Głazowska
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1871, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Weiller F, Schückel J, Willats WGT, Driouich A, Vivier MA, Moore JP. Tracking cell wall changes in wine and table grapes undergoing Botrytis cinerea infection using glycan microarrays. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:527-543. [PMID: 34192306 PMCID: PMC8422895 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea infects a broad range of fruit crops including domesticated grapevine Vitis vinifera cultivars. Damage caused by this pathogen is severely detrimental to the table and wine grape industries and results in substantial crop losses worldwide. The apoplast and cell wall interface is an important setting where many plant-pathogen interactions take place and where some defence-related messenger molecules are generated. Limited studies have investigated changes in grape cell wall composition upon infection with B. cinerea, with much being inferred from studies on other fruit crops. METHODS In this study, comprehensive microarray polymer profiling in combination with monosaccharide compositional analysis was applied for the first time to investigate cell wall compositional changes in the berries of wine (Sauvignon Blanc and Cabernet Sauvignon) and table (Dauphine and Barlinka) grape cultivars during Botrytis infection and tissue maceration. This was used in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) to characterize infection progression. KEY RESULTS Grapes infected at veraison did not develop visible infection symptoms, whereas grapes inoculated at the post-veraison and ripe stages showed evidence of significant tissue degradation. The latter was characterized by a reduction in signals for pectin epitopes in the berry cell walls, implying the degradation of pectin polymers. The table grape cultivars showed more severe infection symptoms, and corresponding pectin depolymerization, compared with wine grape cultivars. In both grape types, hemicellulose layers were largely unaffected, as was the arabinogalactan protein content, whereas in moderate to severely infected table grape cultivars, evidence of extensin epitope deposition was present. CONCLUSIONS Specific changes in the grape cell wall compositional profiles appear to correlate with fungal disease susceptibility. Cell wall factors important in influencing resistance may include pectin methylesterification profiles, as well as extensin reorganization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Weiller
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Julia Schückel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- DKMS Life Science Lab, Dresden, Germany
| | - William G T Willats
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Université de ROUEN Normandie, Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche ‘Normandie-Végétal’-FED 4277, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Melané A Vivier
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - John P Moore
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
The placenta of Physcomitrium patens: transfer cell wall polymers compared across the three bryophyte groups. DIVERSITY 2021; 13. [PMID: 35273462 PMCID: PMC8905678 DOI: 10.3390/d13080378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Following similar studies of cell wall constituents in the placenta of Phaeoceros and Marchantia, we conducted immunogold labeling TEM studies of Physcomitrium patens to determine the composition of cell wall polymers in transfer cells on both sides of the placenta. 16 monoclonal antibodies were used to localize cell wall epitopes in the basal walls and wall ingrowths in this moss. In general, placental transfer cell walls of P. patens contain fewer pectins and far fewer AGPs than those of the hornwort and liverwort. P. patens also lacks the differential labeling that is pronounced between generations in the other bryophytes. In contrast, transfer cell walls on either side of the placenta of P. patens are relatively similar in composition with slight variation in HG pectins. Compositional similarities between wall ingrowths and primary cell walls in P. patens suggest that wall ingrowths may simply be extensions of the primary cell wall. Considerable variability in occurrence, abundance, and types of polymers among the three bryophytes and between the two generations suggests that similarity in function and morphology of cell walls does not require a common cell wall composition. We propose that the specific developmental and life history traits of these plants may provide even more important clues in understanding the basis for these differences. This study significantly builds on our knowledge of cell wall composition in bryophytes in general and transfer cells across plants.
Collapse
|
36
|
Characterization of Sialic Acid Affinity of the Binding Domain of Mistletoe Lectin Isoform One. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158284. [PMID: 34361050 PMCID: PMC8348413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid (Sia) is considered as one of the most important biomolecules of life since its derivatives and terminal orientations on cell membranes and macromolecules play a major role in many biological and pathological processes. To date, there is only a limited number of active molecules that can selectively bind to Sia and this limitation has made the study of this glycan challenging. The lectin superfamily is a well-known family of glycan binding proteins, which encompasses many strong glycan binding peptides with diverse glycan affinities. Mistletoe lectin (ML) is considered one of the most active members of lectin family which was initially classified in early studies as a galactose binding lectin; more recent studies have suggested that the peptide can also actively bind to Sia. However, the details with respect to Sia binding of ML and the domain responsible for this binding are left unanswered because no comprehensive studies have been instigated. In this study, we sought to identify the binding domain responsible for the sialic acid affinity of mistletoe lectin isoform I (MLI) in comparison to the binding activity of elderberry lectin isoform I (SNA), which has long been identified as a potent Sia binding lectin. In order to execute this, we performed computational carbohydrate-protein docking for MLB and SNA with Neu5Ac and β-Galactose. We further analyzed the coding sequence of both lectins and identified their glycan binding domains, which were later cloned upstream and downstream to green fluorescent protein (GFP) and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Finally, the glycan affinity of the expressed fusion proteins was assessed by using different biochemical and cell-based assays and the Sia binding domains were identified.
Collapse
|
37
|
Henry JS, Ligrone R, Vaughn KC, Lopez RA, Renzaglia KS. Cell wall polymers in the Phaeoceros placenta reflect developmental and functional differences across generations. BRYOPHYTE DIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION 2021; 43:265-283. [PMID: 34532591 PMCID: PMC8443004 DOI: 10.11646/bde.43.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The placenta of hornworts is unique among bryophytes in the restriction of transfer cells that are characterized by elaborate wall labyrinths to the gametophyte generation. During development, cells around the periphery of the sporophyte foot elongate, forming smooth-walled haustorial cells that interdigitate with gametophyte cells. Using immunogold labeling with 22 antibodies to diverse cell wall polymers, we examined compositional differences in the developmentally and morphologically distinct cell walls of gametophyte transfer cells and sporophyte haustorial cells in the placenta of Phaeoceros. As detected by Calcofluor White fluorescence, cellulose forms the cell wall scaffolding in cells on both sides of the placenta. Homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) pectins are abundant in both cell types, and haustrorial cells are further enriched in methyl-esterified HGs. The abundance of pectins in placental cell walls is consistent with the postulated roles of these polymers in cell wall porosity and in maintaining an acidic apoplastic pH favorable to solute transport. Xyloglucan hemicellulose, but not mannans or glucuronoxylans, are present in cell walls at the interface between the two generations with a lower density in gametophytic wall ingrowths. Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are diverse along the plasmalemma of placental cells and are absent in surrounding cells in both generations. AGPs in placental cell walls may play a role in calcium binding and release associated with signal transduction as has been speculated for these glycoproteins in other plants. Callose is restricted to thin areas in cell walls of gametophyte transfer cells. In contrast to studies of transfer cells in other systems, no reaction to the JIM12 antibody against extensin was observed in Phaeoceros.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Henry
- Department of Plant Biology, MC:6509, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | | | | | - Renee A Lopez
- Department of Plant Biology, MC:6509, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Karen S Renzaglia
- Department of Plant Biology, MC:6509, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ancient origin of fucosylated xyloglucan in charophycean green algae. Commun Biol 2021; 4:754. [PMID: 34140625 PMCID: PMC8211770 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The charophycean green algae (CGA or basal streptophytes) are of particular evolutionary significance because their ancestors gave rise to land plants. One outstanding feature of these algae is that their cell walls exhibit remarkable similarities to those of land plants. Xyloglucan (XyG) is a major structural component of the cell walls of most land plants and was originally thought to be absent in CGA. This study presents evidence that XyG evolved in the CGA. This is based on a) the identification of orthologs of the genetic machinery to produce XyG, b) the identification of XyG in a range of CGA and, c) the structural elucidation of XyG, including uronic acid-containing XyG, in selected CGA. Most notably, XyG fucosylation, a feature considered as a late evolutionary elaboration of the basic XyG structure and orthologs to the corresponding biosynthetic enzymes are shown to be present in Mesotaenium caldariorum.
Collapse
|
39
|
Fangel JU, Jones CY, Ulvskov P, Harholt J, Willats WGT. Analytical implications of different methods for preparing plant cell wall material. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117866. [PMID: 33766354 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Almost all plant cells are surrounded by a wall constructed of co-extensive networks of polysaccharides and proteoglycans. The capability to analyse cell wall components is essential for both understanding their complex biology and to fully exploit their numerous practical applications. Several biochemical and immunological techniques are used to analyse cell walls and in almost all cases the first step is the preparation of an alcohol insoluble residue (AIR). There is significant variation in the protocols used for AIR preparation, which can have a notable impact on the downstream extractability and detection of cell wall components. To explore these effects, we have formally compared ten AIR preparation methods and analysed polysaccharides subsequently extracted using high-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC-PAD) and Micro Array Polymer Profiling (MAPP). Our results reveal the impact that AIR preparation has on downstream detection of cell wall components and the need for optimisation and consistency when preparing AIR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan U Fangel
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, 1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark.
| | - Catherine Y Jones
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Peter Ulvskov
- University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Harholt
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, 1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark.
| | - William G T Willats
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li C, Palma AS, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Gao C, Silva LM, Li Z, Trovão F, Weishaupt M, Seeberger PH, Likhosherstov LM, Piskarev V, Yu J, Westerlind U, Chai W. Non-Covalent Microarrays from Synthetic Amino-Terminating Glycans-Implications in Expanding Glycan Microarray Diversity and Platform Comparison. Glycobiology 2021; 31:931-946. [PMID: 33978739 PMCID: PMC8434801 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan microarrays have played important roles in detection and specificity assignment of glycan-recognition by proteins. However, the size and diversity of glycan libraries in current microarray systems are small compared to estimated glycomes, and these may lead to missed detection or incomplete assignment. For microarray construction, covalent and non-covalent immobilization are the two types of methods used, but a direct comparison of results from the two platforms is required. Here we develop a chemical strategy to prepare lipid-linked probes from both naturally-derived aldehyde-terminating and synthetic amino-terminating glycans that addresses the two aspects: expansion of sequence-defined glycan libraries and comparison of the two platforms. We demonstrate the specific recognition by plant and mammalian lectins, carbohydrate-binding modules and antibodies, and the overall similarities from the two platforms. Our results provide new knowledge on unique glycan-binding specificities for the immune-receptor Dectin-1 towards β-glucans and the interaction of rotavirus P[19] adhesive protein with mucin O-glycan cores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy and Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Angelina S Palma
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pengtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy and Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yibing Zhang
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Chao Gao
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Lisete M Silva
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Zhen Li
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Filipa Trovão
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Markus Weishaupt
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Leonid M Likhosherstov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Piskarev
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jin Yu
- Umeå University, Department of Chemistry, KBC-building, Linneaus väg 6, S-907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Westerlind
- Umeå University, Department of Chemistry, KBC-building, Linneaus väg 6, S-907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Takahashi D, Johnson KL, Hao P, Tuong T, Erban A, Sampathkumar A, Bacic A, Livingston DP, Kopka J, Kuroha T, Yokoyama R, Nishitani K, Zuther E, Hincha DK. Cell wall modification by the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase XTH19 influences freezing tolerance after cold and sub-zero acclimation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:915-930. [PMID: 33190295 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Freezing triggers extracellular ice formation leading to cell dehydration and deformation during a freeze-thaw cycle. Many plant species increase their freezing tolerance during exposure to low, non-freezing temperatures, a process termed cold acclimation. In addition, exposure to mild freezing temperatures after cold acclimation evokes a further increase in freezing tolerance (sub-zero acclimation). Previous transcriptome and proteome analyses indicate that cell wall remodelling may be particularly important for sub-zero acclimation. In the present study, we used a combination of immunohistochemical, chemical and spectroscopic analyses to characterize the cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana and characterized a mutant in the XTH19 gene, encoding a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH). The mutant showed reduced freezing tolerance after both cold and sub-zero acclimation, compared to the Col-0 wild type, which was associated with differences in cell wall composition and structure. Most strikingly, immunohistochemistry in combination with 3D reconstruction of centres of rosette indicated that epitopes of the xyloglucan-specific antibody LM25 were highly abundant in the vasculature of Col-0 plants after sub-zero acclimation but absent in the XTH19 mutant. Taken together, our data shed new light on the potential roles of cell wall remodelling for the increased freezing tolerance observed after low temperature acclimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takahashi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
- Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama City, Saitama
| | - Kim L Johnson
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Sino-Australian Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Sino-Australian Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tan Tuong
- USDA and Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arun Sampathkumar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Antony Bacic
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Sino-Australian Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - David P Livingston
- USDA and Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Takeshi Kuroha
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Applied Genetics, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nishitani
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Ellen Zuther
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dirk K Hincha
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Petrova A, Gorshkova T, Kozlova L. Gradients of cell wall nano-mechanical properties along and across elongating primary roots of maize. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1764-1781. [PMID: 33247728 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that particular tissues can control root growth, we analysed the mechanical properties of cell walls belonging to different tissues of the apical part of the maize root using atomic force microscopy. The dynamics of properties during elongation growth were characterized in four consecutive zones of the root. Extensive immunochemical characterization and quantification were used to establish the polysaccharide motif(s) related to changes in cell wall mechanics. Cell transition from division to elongation was coupled to the decrease in the elastic modulus in all root tissues. Low values of moduli were retained in the elongation zone and increased in the late elongation zone. No relationship between the immunolabelling pattern and mechanical properties of the cell walls was revealed. When measured values of elastic moduli and turgor pressure were used in the computational simulation, this resulted in an elastic response of the modelled root and the distribution of stress and strain similar to those observed in vivo. In all analysed root zones, cell walls of the inner cortex displayed moduli of elasticity that were maximal or comparable with the maximal values among all tissues. Thus, we propose that the inner cortex serves as a growth-limiting tissue in maize roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatyana Gorshkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Liudmila Kozlova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Strasser R, Seifert G, Doblin MS, Johnson KL, Ruprecht C, Pfrengle F, Bacic A, Estevez JM. Cracking the "Sugar Code": A Snapshot of N- and O-Glycosylation Pathways and Functions in Plants Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:640919. [PMID: 33679857 PMCID: PMC7933510 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.640919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a fundamental co-translational and/or post-translational modification process where an attachment of sugars onto either proteins or lipids can alter their biological function, subcellular location and modulate the development and physiology of an organism. Glycosylation is not a template driven process and as such produces a vastly larger array of glycan structures through combinatorial use of enzymes and of repeated common scaffolds and as a consequence it provides a huge expansion of both the proteome and lipidome. While the essential role of N- and O-glycan modifications on mammalian glycoproteins is already well documented, we are just starting to decode their biological functions in plants. Although significant advances have been made in plant glycobiology in the last decades, there are still key challenges impeding progress in the field and, as such, holistic modern high throughput approaches may help to address these conceptual gaps. In this snapshot, we present an update of the most common O- and N-glycan structures present on plant glycoproteins as well as (1) the plant glycosyltransferases (GTs) and glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) responsible for their biosynthesis; (2) a summary of microorganism-derived GHs characterized to cleave specific glycosidic linkages; (3) a summary of the available tools ranging from monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), lectins to chemical probes for the detection of specific sugar moieties within these complex macromolecules; (4) selected examples of N- and O-glycoproteins as well as in their related GTs to illustrate the complexity on their mode of action in plant cell growth and stress responses processes, and finally (5) we present the carbohydrate microarray approach that could revolutionize the way in which unknown plant GTs and GHs are identified and their specificities characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Seifert
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika S. Doblin
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- The Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kim L. Johnson
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- The Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Colin Ruprecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antony Bacic
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- The Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - José M. Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Escherichia coli O157:H7 F9 Fimbriae Recognize Plant Xyloglucan and Elicit a Response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249720. [PMID: 33352760 PMCID: PMC7766294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh produce is often a source of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) outbreaks. Fimbriae are extracellular structures involved in cell-to-cell attachment and surface colonisation. F9 (Fml) fimbriae have been shown to be expressed at temperatures lower than 37 °C, implying a function beyond the mammalian host. We demonstrate that F9 fimbriae recognize plant cell wall hemicellulose, specifically galactosylated side chains of xyloglucan, using glycan arrays. E. coli expressing F9 fimbriae had a positive advantage for adherence to spinach hemicellulose extract and tissues, which have galactosylated oligosaccharides as recognized by LM24 and LM25 antibodies. As fimbriae are multimeric structures with a molecular pattern, we investigated whether F9 fimbriae could induce a transcriptional response in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, compared with flagella and another fimbrial type, E. coli common pilus (ECP), using DNA microarrays. F9 induced the differential expression of 435 genes, including genes involved in the plant defence response. The expression of F9 at environmentally relevant temperatures and its recognition of plant xyloglucan adds to the suite of adhesins EHEC has available to exploit the plant niche.
Collapse
|
45
|
Microbiota-directed fibre activates both targeted and secondary metabolic shifts in the distal gut. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5773. [PMID: 33188211 PMCID: PMC7666174 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial modulation of the gut microbiome has high-impact implications not only in humans, but also in livestock that sustain our current societal needs. In this context, we have tailored an acetylated galactoglucomannan (AcGGM) fibre to match unique enzymatic capabilities of Roseburia and Faecalibacterium species, both renowned butyrate-producing gut commensals. Here, we test the accuracy of AcGGM within the complex endogenous gut microbiome of pigs, wherein we resolve 355 metagenome-assembled genomes together with quantitative metaproteomes. In AcGGM-fed pigs, both target populations differentially express AcGGM-specific polysaccharide utilization loci, including novel, mannan-specific esterases that are critical to its deconstruction. However, AcGGM-inclusion also manifests a “butterfly effect”, whereby numerous metabolic changes and interdependent cross-feeding pathways occur in neighboring non-mannanolytic populations that produce short-chain fatty acids. Our findings show how intricate structural features and acetylation patterns of dietary fibre can be customized to specific bacterial populations, with potential to create greater modulatory effects at large. Here, the authors tailor an acetylated galactoglucomannan (AcGGM) fibre from spruce wood to specifically enrich Roseburia and Faecalibacterium - beneficial species which have the enzymatic machinery to breakdown the fibre and generate butyrate. They subsequently perform a piglet feeding trial, metagenomics and metaproteomics, together showing that AcGGM-fed pigs exhibit not only increased Roseburia and Faecalibacterium populations with AcGGM-specific mannan-specific esterases, but also secondary metabolic pathways.
Collapse
|
46
|
Henry JS, Lopez RA, Renzaglia KS. Differential localization of cell wall polymers across generations in the placenta of Marchantia polymorpha. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:911-924. [PMID: 33106966 PMCID: PMC8192078 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01232-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To further knowledge on cell wall composition in early land plants, we localized cell wall constituents in placental cells of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L. using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in the transmission electron microscope and histochemical staining. The placenta of M. polymorpha is similar to the majority of bryophytes in that both generations contain transfer cells with extensive wall ingrowths. Although the four major cell wall polymers, i.e., cellulose, pectins, hemicelluloses, and arabinogalactan proteins, are present, there are variations in the richness and specificity across generations. An abundance of homogalacturonan pectins in all placental cell walls is consistent with maintaining cell wall permeability and an acidic apoplastic pH necessary for solute transport. Although similar in ultrastructure, transfer cell walls on the sporophyte side in M. polymorpha are enriched with xyloglucans and diverse AGPs not detected on the gametophyte side of the placenta. Gametophyte wall ingrowths are more uniform in polymer composition. Lastly, extensins and callose are not components of transfer cell walls of M. polymorpha, which deviates from studies on transfer cells in other plants. The difference in polymer localizations in transfer cell walls between generations is consistent with directional movement from gametophyte to sporophyte in this liverwort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Henry
- Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, MC:6509, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Renee A Lopez
- Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, MC:6509, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Karen S Renzaglia
- Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, MC:6509, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Blennow A, Skryhan K, Tanackovic V, Krunic SL, Shaik SS, Andersen MS, Kirk H, Nielsen KL. Non-GMO potato lines, synthesizing increased amylose and resistant starch, are mainly deficient in isoamylase debranching enzyme. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2096-2108. [PMID: 32096588 PMCID: PMC7540516 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Solanum tuberosum potato lines with high amylose content were generated by crossing with the wild potato species Solanum sandemanii followed by repeated backcrossing to Solanum tuberosum lines. The trait, termed increased amylose (IAm), was recessive and present after three generations of backcrossing into S. tuberosum lines (6.25% S. sandemanii genes). The tubers of these lines were small, elongated and irregular with small and misshaped starch granules and high sugar content. Additional backcrossing resulted in less irregular tuber morphology, increased starch content (4.3%-9.5%) and increased amylose content (29%-37.9%) but indifferent sugar content. The amylose in the IAm starch granules was mainly located in peripheral spots, and large cavities were found in the granules. Starch pasting was suppressed, and the digestion-resistant starch (RS) content was increased. Comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP) analysis revealed specific alterations of major pectic and glycoprotein cell wall components. This complex phenotype led us to search for candidate IAm genes exploiting its recessive trait. Hence, we sequenced genomic DNA of a pool of IAm lines, identified SNPs genome wide against the draft genome sequence of potato and searched for regions of decreased heterozygosity. Three regions, located on chromosomes 3, 7 and 10, respectively, displayed markedly less heterozygosity than average. The only credible starch metabolism-related gene found in these regions encoded the isoamylase-type debranching enzyme Stisa1. Decreased expression of mRNA (>500 fold) and reduced enzyme activity (virtually absent from IAm lines) supported Stisa1 as a candidate gene for IAm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Katsiaryna Skryhan
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Vanja Tanackovic
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Susanne L. Krunic
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Shahnoor S. Shaik
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | | | | | - Kåre L. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ropitaux M, Bernard S, Schapman D, Follet-Gueye ML, Vicré M, Boulogne I, Driouich A. Root Border Cells and Mucilage Secretions of Soybean, Glycine Max (Merr) L.: Characterization and Role in Interactions with the Oomycete Phytophthora Parasitica. Cells 2020; 9:E2215. [PMID: 33008016 PMCID: PMC7650559 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Root border cells (BCs) and their associated secretions form a protective structure termed the root extracellular trap (RET) that plays a major role in root interactions with soil borne microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the release and morphology of BCs of Glycine max using light and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We also examined the occurrence of cell-wall glycomolecules in BCs and secreted mucilage using immunofluorescence microscopy in conjunction with anti-glycan antibodies. Our data show that root tips released three populations of BCs defined as spherical, intermediate and elongated cells. The mechanism of shedding seemed to be cell morphotype-specific. The data also show that mucilage contained pectin, cellulose, extracellular DNA, histones and two hemicellulosic polysaccharides, xyloglucan and heteromannan. The latter has never been reported previously in any plant root secretions. Both hemicellulosic polysaccharides formed a dense fibrillary network embedding BCs and holding them together within the mucilage. Finally, we investigated the effect of the RET on the interactions of root with the pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora parasitica early during infection. Our findings reveal that the RET prevented zoospores from colonizing root tips by blocking their entry into root tissues and inducing their lysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ropitaux
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal »-FED 4277, Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (M.-L.F.-G.); (M.V.); (I.B.)
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal »-FED 4277, Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (M.-L.F.-G.); (M.V.); (I.B.)
- Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
| | - Damien Schapman
- Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal »-FED 4277, Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (M.-L.F.-G.); (M.V.); (I.B.)
- Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
| | - Maïté Vicré
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal »-FED 4277, Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (M.-L.F.-G.); (M.V.); (I.B.)
| | - Isabelle Boulogne
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal »-FED 4277, Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (M.-L.F.-G.); (M.V.); (I.B.)
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal »-FED 4277, Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (M.-L.F.-G.); (M.V.); (I.B.)
- Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gavrin A, Rey T, Torode TA, Toulotte J, Chatterjee A, Kaplan JL, Evangelisti E, Takagi H, Charoensawan V, Rengel D, Journet EP, Debellé F, de Carvalho-Niebel F, Terauchi R, Braybrook S, Schornack S. Developmental Modulation of Root Cell Wall Architecture Confers Resistance to an Oomycete Pathogen. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4165-4176.e5. [PMID: 32888486 PMCID: PMC7658807 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cell wall is the primary interface between plant cells and their immediate environment and must balance multiple functionalities, including the regulation of growth, the entry of beneficial microbes, and protection against pathogens. Here, we demonstrate how API, a SCAR2 protein component of the SCAR/WAVE complex, controls the root cell wall architecture important for pathogenic oomycete and symbiotic bacterial interactions in legumes. A mutation in API results in root resistance to the pathogen Phytophthora palmivora and colonization defects by symbiotic rhizobia. Although api mutant plants do not exhibit significant overall growth and development defects, their root cells display delayed actin and endomembrane trafficking dynamics and selectively secrete less of the cell wall polysaccharide xyloglucan. Changes associated with a loss of API establish a cell wall architecture with altered biochemical properties that hinder P. palmivora infection progress. Thus, developmental stage-dependent modifications of the cell wall, driven by SCAR/WAVE, are important in balancing cell wall developmental functions and microbial invasion. The SCAR protein API controls actin and endomembrane trafficking dynamics SCAR proteins of several plant species can support symbiosis and pathogen infection A mutation in API affects specific biochemical properties of plant cell walls An altered wall architecture results in root resistance to Phytophthora palmivora
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Gavrin
- Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Thomas Rey
- Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Thomas A Torode
- Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Justine Toulotte
- Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Abhishek Chatterjee
- Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Jonathan Louis Kaplan
- Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Edouard Evangelisti
- Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Hiroki Takagi
- Iwate Biotechnology Institute, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Varodom Charoensawan
- Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, and Integrative Computational BioScience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - David Rengel
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France; GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, INRA US1426, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Etienne-Pascal Journet
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France; AGIR, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENSFEA, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | - Frédéric Debellé
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France
| | | | - Ryohei Terauchi
- Iwate Biotechnology Institute, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Siobhan Braybrook
- Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK; Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, 610 Charles E Young Drive South, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sebastian Schornack
- Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jemmat AM, Ranocha P, Le Ru A, Neel M, Jauneau A, Raggi S, Ferrari S, Burlat V, Dunand C. Coordination of five class III peroxidase-encoding genes for early germination events of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 298:110565. [PMID: 32771166 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Class III peroxidases (CIII Prxs) belong to a plant-specific multigene family. Thanks to their double catalytic cycle they can oxidize compounds or release reactive oxygen species (ROS). They are either involved in different cell wall stiffening processes such as lignification and suberization, in cell wall loosening or defense mechanisms. Germination is an important developmental stage requiring specific peroxidase activity. However, little is known about which isoforms are involved. Five CIII Prx encoding genes: AtPrx04, AtPrx16, AtPrx62, AtPrx69, and AtPrx71 were identified from published microarray data mining. Delayed or induced testa and endosperm rupture were observed for the corresponding CIII Prx mutant lines indicating either a gene-specific inducing or repressing role during germination, respectively. Via in situ hybridization AtPrx16, AtPrx62, AtPrx69 and AtPrx71 transcripts were exclusively localized to the micropylar endosperm facing the radicle, and transcriptomic data analysis enabled positioning the five CIII Prxs in a co-expression network enriched in germination, cell wall, cell wall proteins and xyloglucan hits. Evidence were produced showing that the five CIII Prxs were cell wall-targeted proteins and that the micropylar endosperm displayed a complex cell wall domain topochemistry. Finally, we drew a spatio-temporal model highlighting the fine sequential gene expression and the possible involvement of micropylar endosperm cell wall domains to explain the non-redundant cell wall stiffening and loosening functions of the CIII Prxs in a single cell type. We also highlighted the necessity of a peroxidase homeostasis to accurately control the micropylar endosperm cell wall dynamics during Arabidopsis germination events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achraf M Jemmat
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Philippe Ranocha
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Aurélie Le Ru
- Fédération de Recherche 3450, Plateforme Imagerie, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France.
| | - Maxime Neel
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Alain Jauneau
- Fédération de Recherche 3450, Plateforme Imagerie, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
| | - Sara Raggi
- Institute Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simone Ferrari
- Institute Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France; Fédération de Recherche 3450, Plateforme Imagerie, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France; Institute Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Christophe Dunand
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France; Fédération de Recherche 3450, Plateforme Imagerie, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France; Institute Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|