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Borjini N, Lun Y, Jang GF, Crabb J, Chen Y, Crabb J, Fox DA, Ivanov AI, Lin F. CD6 triggers actomyosin cytoskeleton remodeling after binding to its receptor complex. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:450-462. [PMID: 37820034 PMCID: PMC10890838 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The T cell marker CD6 regulates both T cells and target cells during inflammatory responses by interacting with its receptors. However, only a few receptors binding to the extracellular domains of CD6 have been identified, and cellular events induced by CD6 engagement with its receptors in target cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified CD44 as a novel CD6 receptor by proximity labeling and confirmed the new CD6-CD44 interaction by biochemical and biophysical approaches. CD44 and the other 2 known CD6 receptors, CD166 and CDCP1, were distributed diffusely on resting retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells but clustered together to form a receptor complex upon CD6 binding. CD6 stimulation induced dramatic remodeling of the actomyosin cytoskeleton in RPE cells mediated by activation of RhoA, and Rho-associated kinase signaling, resulting in increased myosin II phosphorylation. Such actomyosin activation triggered the disassembly of tight junctions responsible for RPE barrier integrity in a process that required all components of the tripartite CD6 receptor complex. These data provided new insights into the mechanisms by which CD6 mediates T cell-driven disruption of tissue barriers during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozha Borjini
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Yu Lun
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Geen-Fu Jang
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2042 E 102nd St, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Jack Crabb
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2042 E 102nd St, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, 2210 Circle Dr Robbins Building, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - John Crabb
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2042 E 102nd St, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - David A Fox
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2042 E 102nd St, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
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2
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Skandalis SS. CD44 Intracellular Domain: A Long Tale of a Short Tail. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5041. [PMID: 37894408 PMCID: PMC10605500 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a single-chain transmembrane receptor that exists in multiple forms due to alternative mRNA splicing and post-translational modifications. CD44 is the main cell surface receptor of hyaluronan as well as other extracellular matrix molecules, cytokines, and growth factors that play important roles in physiological processes (such as hematopoiesis and lymphocyte homing) and the progression of various diseases, the predominant one being cancer. Currently, CD44 is an established cancer stem cell marker in several tumors, implying a central functional role in tumor biology. The present review aims to highlight the contribution of the CD44 short cytoplasmic tail, which is devoid of any enzymatic activity, in the extraordinary functional diversity of the receptor. The interactions of CD44 with cytoskeletal proteins through specific structural motifs within its intracellular domain drives cytoskeleton rearrangements and affects the distribution of organelles and transport of molecules. Moreover, the CD44 intracellular domain specifically interacts with various cytoplasmic effectors regulating cell-trafficking machinery, signal transduction pathways, the transcriptome, and vital cell metabolic pathways. Understanding the cell type- and context-specificity of these interactions may unravel the high complexity of CD44 functions and lead to novel improved therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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3
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Zheng Z, Wang X, Ouyang L, Chen W, Zhang L, Cao Y. Antioxidants Improve the Proliferation and Efficacy of hUC-MSCs against H 2O 2-Induced Senescence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1334. [PMID: 37507874 PMCID: PMC10376626 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are broadly applied in clinical treatment due to convenient accessibility, low immunogenicity, and the absence of any ethical issues involved. However, the microenvironment of inflammatory tissues may cause oxidative stress and induce senescence in transplanted hUC-MSCs, which will further reduce the proliferation, migration ability, and the final therapeutic effects of hUC-MSCs. Beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are famous antioxidants and longevity medicines that could reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species levels by different mechanisms. In this study, hUC-MSCs were treated in vitro with NMN and CoQ10 to determine if they could reduce oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and recover cell functions. The effects of NMN and CoQ10 on the cell proliferation, the mRNA levels of the inflammatory cytokine TNFα and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10, and the differentiation and cell migration ability of hUC-MSCs before and after H2O2 treatment were investigated. The findings revealed that NMN and CoQ10 reduced H2O2-induced senescence and increased hUC-MSCs' proliferation in the late phase as passage 12 and later. The TNFα mRNA level of hUC-MSCs induced by H2O2 was significantly decreased after antioxidant treatment. NMN and CoQ10 all reduced the adipogenic differentiation ability of hUC-MSCs. CoQ10 improved the chondrogenic differentiation ability of hUC-MSCs. Furthermore, NMN was found to significantly enhance the migration ability of hUC-MSCs. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that NMN and CoQ10 both increased DNA repair ability and cyclin expression and downregulated TNF and IL-17 inflammatory signaling pathways, thereby contributing to the proliferative promotion of senecent stem cells and resistance to oxidative stress. These findings suggest that antioxidants can improve the survival and efficacy of hUC-MSCs in stem cell therapy for inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liming Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yulin Cao
- Beijing Tang Yi Hui Kang Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100032, China
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4
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Li Y, Wang D, Ge H, Güngör C, Gong X, Chen Y. Cytoskeletal and Cytoskeleton-Associated Proteins: Key Regulators of Cancer Stem Cell Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1369. [PMID: 36355541 PMCID: PMC9698833 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells possessing stemness characteristics that are closely associated with tumor proliferation, recurrence and resistance to therapy. Recent studies have shown that different cytoskeletal components and remodeling processes have a profound impact on the behavior of CSCs. In this review, we outline the different cytoskeletal components regulating the properties of CSCs and discuss current and ongoing therapeutic strategies targeting the cytoskeleton. Given the many challenges currently faced in targeted cancer therapy, a deeper comprehension of the molecular events involved in the interaction of the cytoskeleton and CSCs will help us identify more effective therapeutic strategies to eliminate CSCs and ultimately improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heming Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cenap Güngör
- Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xuejun Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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5
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Xiang Y, Dai J, Xu L, Li X, Jiang J, Xu J. Research progress in immune microenvironment regulation of muscle atrophy induced by peripheral nerve injury. Life Sci 2021; 287:120117. [PMID: 34740577 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Denervated skeletal muscular atrophy is primarily characterized by loss of muscle strength and mass and an unideal functional recovery of the muscle after extended denervation. This review emphasizes the interaction between the immune system and the denervated skeletal muscle. Immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages and T-cells are activated and migrate to denervated muscle, where they release a high concentration of cytokines and chemokines. The migration of these immune cells, the transformation of different functional immune cell subtypes, and the cytokine network in the immune microenvironment may be involved in the regulatory process of muscle atrophy or repair. However, the exact mechanisms of the interaction between these immune cells and immune molecules in skeletal muscles are unclear. In this paper, the immune microenvironment regulation of muscle atrophy induced by peripheral nerve injury is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxian Xiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Junxi Dai
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Natl Res Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Div Transplantat Immunol, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junjian Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China; School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Abstract
Intra-abdominal infection is the second most common cause of sepsis, and the mortality rate from abdominal sepsis remains high. High molecular weight (HMW) hyaluronic acid (HA) has been studied in sterile injury models as an anti-inflammatory and anti-permeability agent. This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of intraperitoneal HMW HA administration in mice with peritonitis-induced sepsis. Sepsis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), followed 4 h later by an intraperitoneal injection of HMW HA (20 mg/kg) solution or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Survival, physiological data, organ injury, bacterial burden, and inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed in the CLP mice. To assess the effect of HA on macrophage phagocytosis activity, RAW264.7 cells, primed with lipopolysaccharide, were exposed with either PBS or HMW HA (500 μg/mL) prior to exposure to 10 CFU of E coli bacteria. HMW HA instillation significantly improved blood oxygenation, lung histology, and survival in CLP mice. Inflammatory cytokine levels in the plasma and bacterial burdens in the lung and spleen were significantly decreased by HA administration at 24 h after CLP. At 6 h after CLP, HA significantly decreased bacterial burden in the peritoneal lavage fluid. HMW HA administration significantly increased E coli bacterial phagocytosis by RAW264.7 cells in part through increased phosphorylation of ezrin/radixin/moesin, a known downstream target of CD44 (a HA receptor); ezrin inhibition abolished the enhanced phagocytosis by RAW264.7 cells induced by HA. Intraperitoneal administration of HMW HA had therapeutic effects against CLP-induced sepsis in terms of suppressing inflammation and increasing antimicrobial activity.
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7
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Al Alwan B, AbuZineh K, Nozue S, Rakhmatulina A, Aldehaiman M, Al-Amoodi AS, Serag MF, Aleisa FA, Merzaban JS, Habuchi S. Single-molecule imaging and microfluidic platform reveal molecular mechanisms of leukemic cell rolling. Commun Biol 2021; 4:868. [PMID: 34262131 PMCID: PMC8280113 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) and leukemic cell homing is an important biological phenomenon that occurs through key interactions between adhesion molecules. Tethering and rolling of the cells on endothelium, the crucial initial step of the adhesion cascade, is mediated by interactions between selectins expressed on endothelium to their ligands expressed on HSPCs/leukemic cells in flow. Although multiple factors that affect the rolling behavior of the cells have been identified, molecular mechanisms that enable the essential slow and stable cell rolling remain elusive. Here, using a microfluidics-based single-molecule live cell fluorescence imaging, we reveal that unique spatiotemporal dynamics of selectin ligands on the membrane tethers and slings, which are distinct from that on the cell body, play an essential role in the rolling of the cell. Our results suggest that the spatial confinement of the selectin ligands to the tethers and slings together with the rapid scanning of a large area by the selectin ligands, increases the efficiency of selectin-ligand interactions during cell rolling, resulting in slow and stable rolling of the cell on the selectins. Our findings provide novel insights and contribute significantly to the molecular-level understanding of the initial and essential step of the homing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Al Alwan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karmen AbuZineh
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuho Nozue
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aigerim Rakhmatulina
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Aldehaiman
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma S Al-Amoodi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged F Serag
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fajr A Aleisa
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmeen S Merzaban
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Satoshi Habuchi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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8
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Mylvaganam S, Riedl M, Vega A, Collins RF, Jaqaman K, Grinstein S, Freeman SA. Stabilization of Endothelial Receptor Arrays by a Polarized Spectrin Cytoskeleton Facilitates Rolling and Adhesion of Leukocytes. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107798. [PMID: 32579925 PMCID: PMC7548125 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivalent complexes of endothelial adhesion receptors (e.g., selectins) engage leukocytes to orchestrate their migration to inflamed tissues. Proper anchorage and sufficient density (clustering) of endothelial receptors are required for efficient leukocyte capture and rolling. We demonstrate that a polarized spectrin network dictates the stability of the endothelial cytoskeleton, which is attached to the apical membrane, at least in part, by the abundant transmembrane protein CD44. Single-particle tracking revealed that CD44 undergoes prolonged periods of immobilization as it tethers to the cytoskeleton. The CD44-spectrin "picket fence" alters the behavior of bystander molecules-notably, selectins-curtailing their mobility, inducing their apical accumulation, and favoring their clustering within caveolae. Accordingly, depletion of either spectrin or CD44 virtually eliminated leukocyte rolling and adhesion to the endothelium. Our results indicate that a unique spectrin-based apical cytoskeleton tethered to transmembrane pickets-notably, CD44-is essential for proper extravasation of leukocytes in response to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakami Mylvaganam
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 19-9800, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Magdalena Riedl
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 19-9800, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Anthony Vega
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Richard F Collins
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 19-9800, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Khuloud Jaqaman
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 19-9800, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 19-9800, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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9
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Cimmino I, Bravaccini S, Cerchione C. Urinary Biomarkers in Tumors: An Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2292:3-15. [PMID: 33651347 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1354-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that urine is a useful noninvasive tool for the identification of urogenital tumors, including bladder, prostate, kidney, and other nonurological cancers. As a liquid biopsy, urine represents an important source for the improvement of new promising biomarkers, a suitable tool to identify indolent cancer and avoid overtreatment. Urine is enriched with DNAs, RNAs, proteins, circulating tumor cells, exosomes, and other small molecules which can be detected with several diagnostic methodologies.We provide an overview of the ongoing state of urinary biomarkers underlying both their potential utilities to improve cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategy and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Bravaccini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Claudio Cerchione
- Hematology Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.
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10
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Hu S, Shi X, Liu Y, He Y, Du Y, Zhang G, Yang C, Gao F. CD44 cross-linking increases malignancy of breast cancer via upregulation of p-Moesin. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:563. [PMID: 33292278 PMCID: PMC7686781 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD44 is highly expressed in most cancer cells and its cross-linking pattern is closely related to tumor migration and invasion. However, the underlying molecular mechanism regarding CD44 cross-linking during cancer cell metastasis is poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore whether disruption of CD44 cross-linking in breast cancer cells could prevent the cells migration and invasion and determine the effects of CD44 cross-linking on the malignancy of the cancer cells. Methods The expression of CD44, CD44 cross-linking and Moesin phosphorylation in breast cancer cells was assessed by Western Blot assays. Effects of CD44 cross-linking on tumor metastasis were evaluated by Transwell assay. The effects of CD44 cross-linking disruption on cell viability were assessed using CCK-8 assays. The expression of p-Moesin between normal and breast cancer tissues was examined by immunohistochemical staining. Results High expression of CD44 cross-linking was found in invasive breast cancer cells (BT-549 and MDA-MB-231), which is associated with the malignancy of breast cancer. The expressions of ERM complex in a panel of breast cancer cell lines indicate that Moesin and its phosphorylation may play a significant role in cell metastasis. Moesin phosphorylation was inhibited by CD44 de-crosslinking in breast cancer cells and Moesin shRNA knockdown attenuated the promotion of CD44 cross-linking on cell migration and invasion. Finally, immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that p-Moesin was overexpressed in primary and metastatic cancers. Conclusions Our study suggested that CD44 cross-linking could elevate p-Moesin expression and further affect migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. These results also indicate that p-Moesin may be useful in future targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaoxing Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Wujing General Hospital, Shanghai, 201103, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yiqing He
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cuixia Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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11
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Sprenkeler EGG, Webbers SDS, Kuijpers TW. When Actin is Not Actin' Like It Should: A New Category of Distinct Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders. J Innate Immun 2020; 13:3-25. [PMID: 32846417 DOI: 10.1159/000509717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) have been identified over the last decade, which are caused by deleterious mutations in genes encoding for proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation. These mutations primarily affect hematopoietic cells and lead to defective function of immune cells, such as impaired motility, signaling, proliferative capacity, and defective antimicrobial host defense. Here, we review several of these immunological "actinopathies" and cover both clinical aspects, as well as cellular mechanisms of these PIDs. We focus in particular on the effect of these mutations on human neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien G G Sprenkeler
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, .,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Steven D S Webbers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, AUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Schnauß J, Schmidt BUS, Brazel CB, Dogan S, Losert W, Anderegg U, Käs JA. Influence of hyaluronic acid binding on the actin cortex measured by optical forces. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960215. [PMID: 32246559 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma cells are often surrounded by hyaluronic acid (HA) rich environments, which are considered to promote tumor progression and metastasis. Induced effects in compound materials consisting of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix have been studied, however, alterations of the single cells have never been addressed. Here, we explicitly addressed single cell properties and measured HA-induced biomechanical changes via deformations induced solely by optical forces. With the optical stretcher setup, cells were deformed after culturing them in either the presence or absence of HA revealing the crucial interplay of HA with the CD44 receptor. To assess the role of CD44 in transducing effects of HA, we compared a CD44 expressing variant of the melanoma cell line RPM-MC to its natural CD44-negative counterpart. Our measurements revealed a significant stiffness change, which we attribute to changes of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schnauß
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - B U Sebastian Schmidt
- University of Maryland, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, Physical Sciences Complex, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Christina B Brazel
- Department of Dermatology, Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Senol Dogan
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- University of Maryland, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, Physical Sciences Complex, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josef A Käs
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Kalappurakkal JM, Sil P, Mayor S. Toward a new picture of the living plasma membrane. Protein Sci 2020; 29:1355-1365. [PMID: 32297381 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the plasma membrane structure has undergone a major change since the proposal of the fluid mosaic model of Singer and Nicholson in the 1970s. In this model, the membrane, composed of over thousand lipid and protein species, is organized as a well-equilibrated two-dimensional fluid. Here, the distribution of lipids is largely expected to reflect a multicomponent system, and proteins are expected to be surrounded by an annulus of specialized lipid species. With the recognition that a multicomponent lipid membrane is capable of phase segregation, the membrane is expected to appear as patchwork quilt pattern of membrane domains. However, the constituents of a living membrane are far from being well equilibrated. The living cell membrane actively maintains a trans-bilayer asymmetry of composition, and its constituents are subject to a number of dynamic processes due to synthesis, lipid transfer as well as membrane traffic and turnover. Moreover, membrane constituents engage with the dynamic cytoskeleton of a living cell, and are both passively as well as actively manipulated by this engagement. The extracellular matrix and associated elements also interact with membrane proteins contributing to another layer of interaction. At the nano- and mesoscale, the organization of lipids and proteins emerge from these encounters, as well as from protein-protein, protein-lipid, and lipid-lipid interactions in the membrane. New methods to study the organization of membrane components at these scales have also been developed, and provide an opportunity to synthesize a new picture of the living cell surface as an active membrane composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mathew Kalappurakkal
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Parijat Sil
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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14
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Stanly TA, Fritzsche M, Banerji S, Shrestha D, Schneider F, Eggeling C, Jackson DG. The cortical actin network regulates avidity-dependent binding of hyaluronan by the lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor LYVE-1. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5036-5050. [PMID: 32034091 PMCID: PMC7152780 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1) mediates the docking and entry of dendritic cells to lymphatic vessels through selective adhesion to its ligand hyaluronan in the leukocyte surface glycocalyx. To bind hyaluronan efficiently, LYVE-1 must undergo surface clustering, a process that is induced efficiently by the large cross-linked assemblages of glycosaminoglycan present within leukocyte pericellular matrices but is induced poorly by the shorter polymer alone. These properties suggested that LYVE-1 may have limited mobility in the endothelial plasma membrane, but no biophysical investigation of these parameters has been carried out to date. Here, using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy combined with biochemical analyses of the receptor in primary lymphatic endothelial cells, we provide the first evidence that LYVE-1 dynamics are indeed restricted by the submembranous actin network. We show that actin disruption not only increases LYVE-1 lateral diffusion but also enhances hyaluronan-binding activity. However, unlike the related leukocyte HA receptor CD44, which uses ERM and ankyrin motifs within its cytoplasmic tail to bind actin, LYVE-1 displays little if any direct interaction with actin, as determined by co-immunoprecipitation. Instead, as shown by super-resolution stimulated emission depletion microscopy in combination with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, LYVE-1 diffusion is restricted by transient entrapment within submembranous actin corrals. These results point to an actin-mediated constraint on LYVE-1 clustering in lymphatic endothelium that tunes the receptor for selective engagement with hyaluronan assemblages in the glycocalyx that are large enough to cross-bridge the corral-bound LYVE-1 molecules and thereby facilitate leukocyte adhesion and transmigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess A Stanly
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.,York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.,Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Suneale Banerji
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Dilip Shrestha
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Falk Schneider
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Eggeling
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom .,Wolfson Imaging Centre, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien Platz 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - David G Jackson
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
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15
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Heldin P, Kolliopoulos C, Lin CY, Heldin CH. Involvement of hyaluronan and CD44 in cancer and viral infections. Cell Signal 2019; 65:109427. [PMID: 31654718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan and its major receptor CD44 are ubiquitously distributed. They have important structural as well as signaling roles, regulating tissue homeostasis, and their expression levels are tightly regulated. In addition to signaling initiated by the interaction of the intracellular domain of CD44 with cytoplasmic signaling molecules, CD44 has important roles as a co-receptor for different types of receptors of growth factors and cytokines. Dysregulation of hyaluronan-CD44 interactions is seen in diseases, such as inflammation and cancer. In the present communication, we discuss the mechanism of hyaluronan-induced signaling via CD44, as well as the involvement of hyaluronan-engaged CD44 in malignancies and in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Constantinos Kolliopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Department of Surgery, Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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16
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Sil P, Mateos N, Nath S, Buschow S, Manzo C, Suzuki KGN, Fujiwara T, Kusumi A, Garcia-Parajo MF, Mayor S. Dynamic actin-mediated nano-scale clustering of CD44 regulates its meso-scale organization at the plasma membrane. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 31:561-579. [PMID: 31577524 PMCID: PMC7202065 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-11-0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane adhesion receptors at the cell surface, such as CD44, are often equipped with modules to interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the intracellular cytoskeletal machinery. CD44 has been recently shown to compartmentalize the membrane into domains by acting as membrane pickets, facilitating the function of signaling receptors. While spatial organization and diffusion studies of membrane proteins are usually conducted separately, here we combine observations of organization and diffusion by using high spatio-temporal resolution imaging on living cells to reveal a hierarchical organization of CD44. CD44 is present in a meso-scale meshwork pattern where it exhibits enhanced confinement and is enriched in nanoclusters of CD44 along its boundaries. This nanoclustering is orchestrated by the underlying cortical actin dynamics. Interaction with actin is mediated by specific segments of the intracellular domain. This influences the organization of the protein at the nano-scale, generating a selective requirement for formin over Arp2/3-based actin-nucleation machinery. The extracellular domain and its interaction with elements of ECM do not influence the meso-scale organization, but may serve to reposition the meshwork with respect to the ECM. Taken together, our results capture the hierarchical nature of CD44 organization at the cell surface, with active cytoskeleton-templated nanoclusters localized to a meso-scale meshwork pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Sil
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS)
| | - Nicolas Mateos
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08860, Spain
| | - Sangeeta Nath
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine.,Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Sonja Buschow
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Manzo
- Facultat de Ciències i Tecnologia, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic 08500, Spain
| | - Kenichi G N Suzuki
- Centre for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fujiwara
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kusumi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0412, Japan
| | - Maria F Garcia-Parajo
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS).,Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
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17
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Zhong L, Liu Y, Xu L, Li Q, Zhao D, Li Z, Zhang H, Zhang H, Kan Q, Sun J, He Z. Exploring the relationship of hyaluronic acid molecular weight and active targeting efficiency for designing hyaluronic acid-modified nanoparticles. Asian J Pharm Sci 2019; 14:521-530. [PMID: 32104479 PMCID: PMC7032078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is reported that the targeting ability of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based nanoparticles (NPs) is molecular weight (MW) dependent, the influence of HA MW on targeting efficiency of HA-functionalized NPs and the underlying mechanism remain elusive. In this study, we constituted three HA-functionalized Dox-loaded NPs (Dox/HCVs) different HA MWs (7, 63, and 102 kDa) and attempted to illustrate the effects of HA MW on the targeting efficiency. The three Dox/HCVs had similar physiochemical and pharmaceutical characteristics, but showed different affinity to CD44 receptor. Furthermore, Dox/HCV-63 exerted the best targeting effect and the highest cytotoxicity compared with Dox/HCV-7 and Dox/HCV-102. It was interesting to found that both the HA-CD44 binding affinity and induced CD44 clustering by HA-based NPs were HA MW-dependent, the two of which determine the apparent targeting efficacy of Dox/HCV NPs in the conflicting directions. Those results laid a good foundation for rationally designing HA-based NPs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhong
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanying Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dongyang Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhenbao Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huicong Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qiming Kan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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18
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The Pancreatic Cancer-Initiating Cell Marker CD44v6 Affects Transcription, Translation, and Signaling: Consequences for Exosome Composition and Delivery. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:3516973. [PMID: 31485223 PMCID: PMC6702834 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3516973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer-initiating cells (PaCIC) express CD44v6 and Tspan8. A knockdown (kd) of these markers hinders the metastatic capacity, which can be rescued, if the cells are exposed to CIC-exosomes (TEX). Additional evidence that CD44v6 regulates Tspan8 expression prompted us to explore the impact of these PaCIC markers on nonmetastatic PaCa and PaCIC-TEX. We performed proteome, miRNA, and mRNA deep sequencing analyses on wild-type, CD44v6kd, and Tspan8kd human PaCIC and TEX. Database comparative analyses were controlled by qRT-PCR, Western blot, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. Transcriptome analysis of CD44 versus CD44v6 coimmunoprecipitating proteins in cells and TEX revealed that Tspan8, several signal-transducing molecules including RTK, EMT-related transcription factors, and proteins engaged in mRNA processing selectively associate with CD44v6 and that the membrane-attached CD44 intracytoplasmic tail supports Tspan8 and NOTCH transcription. Deep sequencing uncovered a CD44v6 contribution to miRNA processing. Due to the association of CD44v6 with Tspan8 in internalization prone tetraspanin-enriched membrane domains (TEM) and the engagement of Tspan8 in exosome biogenesis, most CD44v6-dependent changes were transferred into TEX such that the input of CD44v6 to TEX activities becomes largely waved in both a CD44v6kd and a Tspan8kd. Few differences between CD44v6kd- and Tspan8kd-TEX rely on CD44v6 being also recovered in non-TEM derived TEX, highlighting distinct TEX delivery from individual cells that jointly account for TEX-promoted target modulation. This leads us to propose a model in which CD44v6 strongly supports tumor progression by cooperating with signaling molecules, altering transcription of key molecules, and through its association with the mRNA processing machinery. The association of CD44v6 with Tspan8, which plays a crucial role in vesicle biogenesis, promotes metastases by transferring CD44v6 activities into TEM and TEM-independently derived TEX. Further investigations of the lead position of CD44v6 in shifting metastasis-promoting activities into CIC-TEX may offer a means of targeting TEX-CD44v6 in therapeutic applications.
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19
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Tseng CC, Stanciauskas R, Zhang P, Woo D, Wu K, Kelly K, Gill PS, Yu M, Pinaud F, Lee AS. GRP78 regulates CD44v membrane homeostasis and cell spreading in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:e201900377. [PMID: 31416894 PMCID: PMC6696983 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
GRP78 conducts protein folding and quality control in the ER and shows elevated expression and cell surface translocation in advanced tumors. However, the underlying mechanisms enabling GRP78 to exert novel signaling functions at cell surface are just emerging. CD44 is a transmembrane protein and an important regulator of cancer metastasis, and isoform switch of CD44 through incorporating additional variable exons to the extracellular juxtamembrane region is frequently observed during cancer progression. Using super-resolution dual-color single-particle tracking, we report that GRP78 interacts with CD44v in plasma membrane nanodomains of breast cancer cells. We further show that targeting cell surface GRP78 by the antibodies can effectively reduce cell surface expression of CD44v and cell spreading of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Our results uncover new functions of GRP78 as an interacting partner of CD44v and as a regulator of CD44v membrane homeostasis and cell spreading. This study also provides new insights into anti-CD44 therapy in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chih Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ramunas Stanciauskas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dennis Woo
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kaijin Wu
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Kelly
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Parkash S Gill
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Yu
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabien Pinaud
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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20
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Arun RP, Sivanesan D, Patra B, Varadaraj S, Verma RS. Simulated microgravity increases polyploid giant cancer cells and nuclear localization of YAP. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10684. [PMID: 31337825 PMCID: PMC6650394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical cues are vital in determining cellular fate in cancer. In vitro 3D culture do not replicate forces present in vivo. These forces including tumor interstitial fluid pressure and matrix stiffness behave as switches in differentiation and metastasis, which are intricate features of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Gravity determines the effect of these physical factors on cell fate and functions as evident from microgravity experiments on space and ground simulations. Here, we described the role of simulation of microgravity (SMG) using rotary cell culture system (RCCS) in increasing stemness in human colorectal cancer cell HCT116. We observed distinct features of cancer stem cells including CD133/CD44 dual positive cells and migration in SMG which was not altered by autophagy induction or inhibition. 3D and SMG increased autophagy, but the flux was staggered under SMG. Increased unique giant cancer cells housing complete nuclear localization of YAP were observed in SMG. This study highlights the role of microgravity in regulating stemness in CSC and importance of physical factors in determining the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pranap Arun
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036 TN, India
| | - Divya Sivanesan
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036 TN, India
| | - Bamadeb Patra
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036 TN, India
| | - Sudha Varadaraj
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036 TN, India
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036 TN, India.
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21
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Romano B, Elangovan S, Erreni M, Sala E, Petti L, Kunderfranco P, Massimino L, Restelli S, Sinha S, Lucchetti D, Anselmo A, Colombo FS, Stravalaci M, Arena V, D'Alessio S, Ungaro F, Inforzato A, Izzo AA, Sgambato A, Day AJ, Vetrano S. TNF-Stimulated Gene-6 Is a Key Regulator in Switching Stemness and Biological Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2019; 37:973-987. [PMID: 30942926 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well established to have promising therapeutic properties. TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6), a potent tissue-protective and anti-inflammatory factor, has been demonstrated to be responsible for a significant part of the tissue-protecting properties mediated by MSCs. Nevertheless, current knowledge about the biological function of TSG-6 in MSCs is limited. Here, we demonstrated that TSG-6 is a crucial factor that influences many functional properties of MSCs. The transcriptomic sequencing analysis of wild-type (WT) and TSG-6-/- -MSCs shows that the loss of TSG-6 expression leads to the perturbation of several transcription factors, cytokines, and other key biological pathways. TSG-6-/- -MSCs appeared morphologically different with dissimilar cytoskeleton organization, significantly reduced size of extracellular vesicles, decreased cell proliferative rate, and loss of differentiation abilities compared with the WT cells. These cellular effects may be due to TSG-6-mediated changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. The supplementation of ECM with exogenous TSG-6, in fact, rescued cell proliferation and changes in morphology. Importantly, TSG-6-deficient MSCs displayed an increased capacity to release interleukin-6 conferring pro-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic properties to the MSCs. Overall, our data provide strong evidence that TSG-6 is crucial for the maintenance of stemness and other biological properties of murine MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sudharshan Elangovan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Erreni
- Unit of Advanced Optical Microscopy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Sala
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciana Petti
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Kunderfranco
- Bioinformatic Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Massimino
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Restelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Shruti Sinha
- Genome Biology Unit, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Lucchetti
- Institute of General Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS-Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Achille Anselmo
- Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Stravalaci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Area of Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS
| | - Silvia D'Alessio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Ungaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Inforzato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Institute of General Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS-Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Vetrano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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22
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Liu YR, Ortiz-Bonilla CJ, Lee YF. Extracellular Vesicles in Bladder Cancer: Biomarkers and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2822. [PMID: 30231589 PMCID: PMC6165150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) are membrane-bound, nanosized vesicles released by cancer cells and taken up by cells in the tumor microenvironment to modulate the molecular makeup and behavior of recipient cells. In this report, we summarize the pivotal roles of TEVs involved in bladder cancer (BC) development, progression and treatment resistance through transferring their bioactive cargos, including proteins and nucleic acids. We also report on the molecular profiling of TEV cargos derived from urine and blood of BC patients as non-invasive disease biomarkers. The current hurdles in EV research and plausible solutions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ru Liu
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Carlos J Ortiz-Bonilla
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Yi-Fen Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Yang M, Fan Z, Wang F, Tian ZH, Ma B, Dong B, Li Z, Zhang M, Zhao W. BMP-2 enhances the migration and proliferation of hypoxia-induced VSMCs via actin cytoskeleton, CD44 and matrix metalloproteinase linkage. Exp Cell Res 2018; 368:248-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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AbuZineh K, Joudeh LI, Al Alwan B, Hamdan SM, Merzaban JS, Habuchi S. Microfluidics-based super-resolution microscopy enables nanoscopic characterization of blood stem cell rolling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat5304. [PMID: 30035228 PMCID: PMC6051739 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat5304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) homing occurs via cell adhesion mediated by spatiotemporally organized ligand-receptor interactions. Although molecules and biological processes involved in this multistep cellular interaction with endothelium have been studied extensively, molecular mechanisms of this process, in particular the nanoscale spatiotemporal behavior of ligand-receptor interactions and their role in the cellular interaction, remain elusive. We introduce a microfluidics-based super-resolution fluorescence imaging platform and apply the method to investigate the initial essential step in the homing, tethering, and rolling of HSPCs under external shear stress that is mediated by selectins, expressed on endothelium, with selectin ligands (that is, CD44) expressed on HSPCs. Our new method reveals transient nanoscale reorganization of CD44 clusters during cell rolling on E-selectin. We demonstrate that this mechanical force-induced reorganization is accompanied by a large structural reorganization of actin cytoskeleton. The CD44 clusters were partly disrupted by disrupting lipid rafts. The spatial reorganization of CD44 and actin cytoskeleton was not observed for the lipid raft-disrupted cells, demonstrating the essential role of the spatial clustering of CD44 on its reorganization during cell rolling. The lipid raft disruption causes faster and unstable cell rolling on E-selectin compared with the intact cells. Together, our results demonstrate that the spatial reorganization of CD44 and actin cytoskeleton is the result of concerted effect of E-selectin-ligand interactions, external shear stress, and spatial clustering of the selectin ligands, and has significant effect on the tethering/rolling step in HSPC homing. Our new experimental platform provides a foundation for characterizing complicated HSPC homing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen AbuZineh
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luay I. Joudeh
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Al Alwan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir M. Hamdan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Satoshi Habuchi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Lee J, McKinney KQ, Pavlopoulos AJ, Niu M, Kang JW, Oh JW, Kim KP, Hwang S. Altered Proteome of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Bladder Cancer Patients Urine. Mol Cells 2018; 41:179-187. [PMID: 29562735 PMCID: PMC5881091 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from biological fluid is a powerful approach to discover potential biomarkers for human diseases including cancers, as EV secreted to biological fluids are originated from the affected tissue. In order to investigate significant molecules related to the pathogenesis of bladder cancer, EVs were isolated from patient urine which was analyzed by mass spectrometry based proteomics. Comparison of the EV proteome to the whole urine proteome demonstrated an increased number of protein identification in EV. Comparative MS analyses of urinary EV from control subjects and bladder cancer patients identified a total of 1,222 proteins. Statistical analyses provided 56 proteins significantly increased in bladder cancer urine, including proteins for which expression levels varied by cancer stage (P-value < 0.05). While urine represents a valuable, noninvasive specimen for biomarker discovery in urologic cancers, there is a high degree of intra- and inter-individual variability in urine samples. The enrichment of urinary EV demonstrated its capability and applicability of providing a focused identification of biologically relevant proteins in urological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Lee
- Proteomics Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Research, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC 28203,
United States
| | - Kimberly Q. McKinney
- Proteomics Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Research, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC 28203,
United States
| | - Antonis J. Pavlopoulos
- Proteomics Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Research, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC 28203,
United States
| | - Meng Niu
- Proteomics Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Research, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC 28203,
United States
| | - Jung Won Kang
- Omics Core Laboratory, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408,
Korea
| | - Jae Won Oh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Sunil Hwang
- Proteomics Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Research, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC 28203,
United States
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26
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Abstract
Phagocytes recognize and eliminate pathogens, alert other tissues of impending threats, and provide a link between innate and adaptive immunity. They also maintain tissue homeostasis, consuming dead cells without causing alarm. The receptor engagement, signal transduction, and cytoskeletal rearrangements underlying phagocytosis are paradigmatic of other immune responses and bear similarities to macropinocytosis and cell migration. We discuss how the glycocalyx restricts access to phagocytic receptors, the processes that enable receptor engagement and clustering, and the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton that controls the mobility of membrane proteins and lipids and provides the mechanical force propelling the phagocyte membrane toward and around the phagocytic prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip P Ostrowski
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 290 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5C 1N8, Canada.
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
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27
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Deng W, Li R. Juxtamembrane contribution to transmembrane signaling. Biopolymers 2016; 104:317-22. [PMID: 25846274 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Signaling across the cell membrane mediated by transmembrane receptors plays an important role in diverse biological processes. Recent studies have indicated that, in a number of single-span transmembrane receptors, the intracellular juxtamembrane (JM) sequence linking the transmembrane helix with the rest of the cytoplasmic domain participates directly in the signaling process via several novel mechanisms. This review briefly highlights several modes of JM dynamics in the context of signal transduction that are shared by different types of transmembrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Renhao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
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28
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Lawrance W, Banerji S, Day AJ, Bhattacharjee S, Jackson DG. Binding of Hyaluronan to the Native Lymphatic Vessel Endothelial Receptor LYVE-1 Is Critically Dependent on Receptor Clustering and Hyaluronan Organization. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8014-30. [PMID: 26823460 PMCID: PMC4825007 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.708305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic endothelial receptor LYVE-1 has been implicated in both uptake of hyaluronan (HA) from tissue matrix and in facilitating transit of leukocytes and tumor cells through lymphatic vessels based largely on in vitro studies with recombinant receptor in transfected fibroblasts. Curiously, however, LYVE-1 in lymphatic endothelium displays little if any binding to HA in vitro, and this has led to the conclusion that the native receptor is functionally silenced, a feature that is difficult to reconcile with its proposed in vivo functions. Nonetheless, as we reported recently, LYVE-1 can function as a receptor for HA-encapsulated Group A streptococci and mediate lymphatic dissemination in mice. Here we resolve these paradoxical findings and show that the capacity of LYVE-1 to bind HA is strictly dependent on avidity, demanding appropriate receptor self-association and/or HA multimerization. In particular, we demonstrate the prerequisite of a critical LYVE-1 threshold density and show that HA binding may be elicited in lymphatic endothelium by surface clustering with divalent LYVE-1 mAbs. In addition, we show that cross-linking of biotinylated HA in streptavidin multimers or supramolecular complexes with the inflammation-induced protein TSG-6 enables binding even in the absence of LYVE-1 cross-linking. Finally, we show that endogenous HA on the surface of macrophages can engage LYVE-1, facilitating their adhesion and transit across lymphatic endothelium. These results reveal LYVE-1 as a low affinity receptor tuned to discriminate between different HA configurations through avidity and establish a new mechanistic basis for the functions ascribed to LYVE-1 in matrix HA binding and leukocyte trafficking in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lawrance
- From the MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom and
| | - Suneale Banerji
- From the MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom and
| | - Anthony J Day
- the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Shaumick Bhattacharjee
- From the MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom and
| | - David G Jackson
- From the MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom and
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29
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Biophysical regulation of Chlamydia pneumoniae-infected monocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic foci. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19058. [PMID: 26785849 PMCID: PMC4726309 DOI: 10.1038/srep19058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae infection is implicated in atherosclerosis although the contributory mechanisms are poorly understood. We hypothesize that C. pneumoniae infection favors the recruitment of monocytes to atherosclerotic foci by altering monocyte biophysics. Primary, fresh human monocytes were infected with C. pneumoniae for 8 h, and the interactions between monocytes and E-selectin or aortic endothelium under flow were characterized by video microscopy and image analysis. The distribution of membrane lipid rafts and adhesion receptors were analyzed by imaging flow cytometry. Infected cells rolled on E-selectin and endothelial surfaces, and this rolling was slower, steady and uniform compared to uninfected cells. Infection decreases cholesterol levels, increases membrane fluidity, disrupts lipid rafts, and redistributes CD44, which is the primary mediator of rolling interactions. Together, these changes translate to higher firm adhesion of infected monocytes on endothelium, which is enhanced in the presence of LDL. Uninfected monocytes treated with LDL or left untreated were used as baseline control. Our results demonstrate that the membrane biophysical changes due to infection and hyperlipidemia are one of the key mechanisms by which C. pneumoniae can exacerbate atherosclerotic pathology. These findings provide a framework to characterize the role of ‘infectious burden’ in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
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30
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McEver RP. Selectins: initiators of leucocyte adhesion and signalling at the vascular wall. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:331-9. [PMID: 25994174 PMCID: PMC4592324 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The selectins are transmembrane, Ca(2+)-dependent lectins that mediate leucocyte rolling on vascular surfaces, the first adhesive step during inflammation and immune surveillance. Leucocytes express L-selectin, activated platelets express P-selectin, and activated endothelial cells express E- and P-selectin. Rolling involves force-regulated, rapidly reversible interactions of selectins with a limited number of glycosylated cell surface ligands. Rolling permits leucocytes to interact with immobilized chemokines that convert β2 integrins to high-affinity conformations, which mediate arrest, post-arrest adhesion strengthening, and transendothelial migration. However, rolling leucocytes also transduce signals through selectin ligands, the focus of this review. These signals include serial activation of kinases and recruitment of adaptors that convert integrins to intermediate-affinity conformations, which decrease rolling velocities. In vitro, selectin signalling enables myeloid cells to respond to suboptimal levels of chemokines and other agonists. This cooperative signalling triggers effector responses such as degranulation, superoxide production, chemokine synthesis, and release of procoagulant/proinflammatory microparticles. In vivo, selectin-mediated adhesion and signalling likely contributes to atherosclerosis, arterial and deep vein thrombosis, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodger P McEver
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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31
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AbuSamra DB, Al-Kilani A, Hamdan SM, Sakashita K, Gadhoum SZ, Merzaban JS. Quantitative Characterization of E-selectin Interaction with Native CD44 and P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 (PSGL-1) Using a Real Time Immunoprecipitation-based Binding Assay. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:21213-30. [PMID: 26124272 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.629451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectins (E-, P-, and L-selectins) interact with glycoprotein ligands to mediate the essential tethering/rolling step in cell transport and delivery that captures migrating cells from the circulating flow. In this work, we developed a real time immunoprecipitation assay on a surface plasmon resonance chip that captures native glycoforms of two well known E-selectin ligands (CD44/hematopoietic cell E-/L-selectin ligand and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1) from hematopoietic cell extracts. Here we present a comprehensive characterization of their binding to E-selectin. We show that both ligands bind recombinant monomeric E-selectin transiently with fast on- and fast off-rates, whereas they bind dimeric E-selectin with remarkably slow on- and off-rates. This binding requires the sialyl Lewis x sugar moiety to be placed on both O- and N-glycans, and its association, but not dissociation, is sensitive to the salt concentration. Our results suggest a mechanism through which monomeric selectins mediate initial fast on and fast off kinetics to help capture cells out of the circulating shear flow; subsequently, tight binding by dimeric/oligomeric selectins is enabled to significantly slow rolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina B AbuSamra
- From the Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia Al-Kilani
- From the Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir M Hamdan
- From the Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kosuke Sakashita
- From the Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Z Gadhoum
- From the Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmeen S Merzaban
- From the Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Jordan AR, Racine RR, Hennig MJP, Lokeshwar VB. The Role of CD44 in Disease Pathophysiology and Targeted Treatment. Front Immunol 2015; 6:182. [PMID: 25954275 PMCID: PMC4404944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell-surface glycoprotein CD44 is involved in a multitude of important physiological functions including cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, hematopoiesis, and lymphocyte activation. The diverse physiological activity of CD44 is manifested in the pathology of a number of diseases including cancer, arthritis, bacterial and viral infections, interstitial lung disease, vascular disease, and wound healing. This diversity in biological activity is conferred by both a variety of distinct CD44 isoforms generated through complex alternative splicing, posttranslational modifications (e.g., N- and O-glycosylation), interactions with a number of different ligands, and the abundance and spatial distribution of CD44 on the cell surface. The extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (HA) is the principle ligand of CD44. This review focuses both CD44-hyaluronan dependent and independent CD44 signaling and the role of CD44–HA interaction in various pathophysiologies. The review also discusses recent advances in novel treatment strategies that exploit the CD44–HA interaction either for direct targeting or for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre R Jordan
- Sheila and David Fuente Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine , Miami, FL , USA
| | - Ronny R Racine
- Department of Urology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine , Miami, FL , USA
| | - Martin J P Hennig
- Department of Urology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine , Miami, FL , USA ; Department of Urology and Uro-oncology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Vinata B Lokeshwar
- Department of Urology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine , Miami, FL , USA ; Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine , Miami, FL , USA ; Miami Clinical Translational Institute, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine , Miami, FL , USA
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